eares but no rings on their fingers Both men and women weare long garments with wide sleeues The men weare shooes of silke with curious workes and knots none weares of leather but the basest yea their soles they make of cloth The learned men weare square caps or hats others round They bestow long time euery morning in trimming their haire They vse no shirts but weare their inmost garment of white cloth and vse often washing They haue visants or vmbrellas to keepe off the sunne or raine borne ouer them by their seruants the poorer carrie them of lesse forme themselues The generall colour of the Chinois is white more or lesse according to the climate Their beard is thin long before it comes of a few staring haires in some none noses little scarse standing forth eyes prominent blacke little of egge-fashion many dreames they had of Pantogia's eyes of a darke gray colour as if iewels and precious things might thereby be knowne where they were hidden their eares are small If they would paint a deformed man they giue him a short garment great eyes and beard with a long nose like to vs Their custome of names is very strange The surname is ancient vnchangeable and significant of which there are not a thousand in all China The name is also significant and arbitrary at the fathers pleasure if a sonne For daughters haue no names besides the surname but are called after their age and order the sonnes also are so called by others first second or otherwise with their surname the parents onely and ancestors calling them by their names and themselues in their writings It would bee accounted an iniurie if any other should call them thereby or if he should call his father or kinsman by his name When first a childe betakes himselfe to studie his Master giues him another name which hee and his schoole-fellowes may call him by and no man else When he puts on his Mans hat and marries a wife some chiefe man giues him another name more honorable by which all men may call him but his seruants or such as are subiect to him This they call the Letter Lastly when he is of full ripe age some graue man giues him his most honorable name which they call Great and by this any one may stile him which yet his parents and elders doe not but onely by the Letter If any make profession of Religion in any of their Sects his ghostly Father or Authour of his profession giues him a new name which they call of Religion When one visits another if hee doe not write in his letter of which afterwards his honorable name or surname the Visitee askes him of it that he may call him thereby without iniurie And the Iesuites did also take to themselues in China-fashion such honorable names They are studious of Antiquities Pictures artificially drawne with inke without other colours they haue in highest price the characters also and writings of the Ancients with their Seales annexed For many will seeke to gull men with counterfeits All Magistrates haue the Seale of their office deliuered to them by Humvu which if they lose they are both depriued and punished most diligently therefore preserued carrying it with them to all places and laying it vnder their heads at night Men of good sort goe not in the streets on foot but are carried in a close chaire by foure men the curtens drawne on all parts but before to distinguish them from Magistrates whose chaires are euery way open The Matrons are also carried in chaires closed euery way by the forme easily knowne from those of Men. Coaches and Chariots the law forbids Dice and Cards are common playes in China Chesse also somewhat vnlike ours for the King goes not out of foure places next him and the two Bishops haue their Queenes two men also goe before the Knights besides the ordinary pawnes They haue another play which makes the skilfull therein well esteemed though he can doe nothing else with two hundred men some white some blacke on a table of three hundred diuisions This is vsed by the Magistrates Women goe not abroad except seldome to see their neerest kindred or some of basest condition In their offices of vrbanitie and courtesie they goe beyond all others haue many bookes thereof and reckon it one of those fiue vertues which they call Cardinall I feare to be in the relation as they in action tedious and will but salute their salutations They vncouer not the head to any nor stirre the knee or foot or vse embraces or kissing the hand Their hands are hid and ioyned in their wide sleeues except they doe some worke or with a fanne coole themselues and in salutations first lift vp both sleeues and hands aloft in a modest manner and then let them fall againe standing face to face and saying Zin Zin which word is a rituall interiection without any signification When one visits another or when friends meet in the streets they doe thus bowing also their bodies with their heads almost to the ground they call this Zo ye the inferiour placing the superiour and the visited the visitor on the right hand in the Northerne Prouinces on the left and then turne themselues both to the North. In solemner salutations on high dayes or after long absence after the first bowing they kneele and touch the ground with their forehead and then rise and doe it againe three or foure times ouer In visitations after other officious ceremonies they offer him Chia to drinke of which we haue spoken with other iunkets Except there bee great familiarity he which will salute a friend must at the doore deliuer to the seruant a letter before for his harbenger to signifie his name in modest termes and affection towards him with termes answerable to his estate He is hereby warned to prepare himselfe for entertainment clothing himselfe with apparell for that purpose as must the guest also If they were vnknowne to each other they prostrate themselues and knocke the ground diuers times with their foreheads If they send a Present they send withall a Letter contayning the Inuentorie of the things sent with termes very complementall which he must answere with another Letter of thankes and a Present of like or greater value besides a recompence to the messenger Their parting 's from each other are as full of ceremonie In their feasts they set each guest to tables one furnished with flesh and fish the other with fruits and iunkets They send a Paitre or Letter the day and sometime fiue or sixe dayes before to inuite them and he which cannot come with another Letter must excuse himselfe On the day with the first light he sends new inuitations and againe a little before the time or else his guests will not come Much curtesie is in the meeting exceeding much strayning and striuing about the place of sitting as much solemne ceremonie in eating as if they were bidden to be witnesses of their
their books that there had beene in these parts foure Lawes or Sects three of which the Bramenes still obserued to wit of Vesmu of Brama of Rubren the fourth meerely spirituall partly mixed with others and partly lost tending to the saluation of the Soule which he said that He brought now vnto them their Almes and Bodily chastisements without this not being effectuall to their saluation Any might learne and choose a Doctor for any of the other three but none was able to teach this When they become Schollers to such Doctors they doe a triple reuerence vnto the ground lifting vp their hands aloft then letting them downe to their heads and must like the Pythagoreans of old which was learned of the Indians rest satisfied with his Masters bare Assertion without questioning or further disputing He was once brought before a Consistorie of the Bramenes and accused for his new Doctrine Some Articles were That he should affirme that the washing in Remanancor and Ganges were to no effect That the Bramenes are inferior to the Raij or Princes That they should be all damned notwithstanding there were of them many Nhanisij and Sanasses the Nhanisij also vow chastitie and to forsake the World The President of this Councell cleered the Iesuite vpon the Apologie of another Bramene For that of Remanancor it is a corner of the Fishing Region wherein is a Temple famous through all the East which hee that shall visit and wash himselfe in the Sea iust by shall bee cleered from all his sinnes aswell as if it were done in Ganges Id Madura and the Territorie thereof are numbred a hundred thousand Bramenes the chiefe of which is Chocanada as their Bishop or Pope He would haue this Iesuite expelled the Countrie for that this Franke so euer since the Expedition to Ierusalem vnder Duke Godfrey of Bullen all Westerne Christians are called in all the East a name it seemes which the Saracens communicated to the Ethnikes had eaten with another Franke. Hee meant Fernandes another Iesuite that had not thus acted the Sanasse and Gurupi amongst them He alleadged also that His Temple was built in the ground of His Pagode But this Iesuite with Gold stopped this Bramenes mouth and had the soyle of the Church granted him in peace with promise of all fauour One thing that holds them intangled in this errour is that they hold it vnlawfull to copie out their Lawes and Religion in writing so that they which wil learne them must like the Druydes from their youth learne them of some Doctour and commit them to memorie in which they spend tenne yeeres and more And if any should write them they would pull out his eyes Emanuel Leitanus another Iesuite comming to Madura in the like Sanassian Habit obserued the Gorupian order and fell downe before Sforce to the ground Hee sitting in a Chaire couered with red because some of the Madurians were present The Bramenes in the Kingdome of Bisnaga are of such power that nothing is done without them and of the fiue Counsellours of State foure are Bramenes yea with their face to the earth all men and the King himselfe adore the Bramen-Pope nor doth the King admit any to conference in the morning before hee hath seene two Bramenes In Chandegrin is a Clocke that strikes not foure and twentie houres but sixtie and foure according to their diuision of the Night and Day each into foure parts and those subdiuided into eight The Iesuites conceiue that thefe Bramenes are of the dispersion of the Israelites and their Bookes called Sameseretan doe somewhat agree with the Scriptures but that they vnderstand them not They haue some propheticall phrases and some of them affirme that God made Adam the first man and being pressed acknowledge one God The King and his Nobles speak the learned and sacred tongue of the Bramenes Anno 1609. One of his Great men rebelling against him and fortifying the Castle of Vellur the King besieged him and on his submission pardoned him but so as hee turned his Fort which had stood the Rebell in an hundred thousand Crownes into a Palace besides twentie Fannes each worth an hundred thousand * Pardowes and innumerable Horses and Elephants The same yeere did the King write to the King of Spaine in commendation of the Iesuites with promise to assist the Vice-roy against the Moores and Hollanders which had obtained to build a Fortresse of the Naichus of Tanauapatan desiring the same friendship that since the King of Narsing as dayes had beene betwixt both their Ancestors subscribed King Ventacaxa Thus you see the same King diversly entituled according to the Citie Royall yea I finde him called of the castle before named King of Vellur so Floris stiles him saying that in Iune 1614. He granted trade to the English as likewise did Obiana Queene of Paleacatte One of his Wiue's which it seemes gouerned that Citie On Iuly the nine and twentieth his Abeskian was sent being a white cloth where his owne hand is printed in Sandall or Saffron and another the like from the Queene of Paleacatte The Kings Letter was written vpon a leafe of Gold wherein hee made excuse of former wrongs gaue them libertie to build a House or Fort with other priuiledges He gaue Floris the English Merchant a Towne of foure hundred Pardawes yeerely reuenue notwithstanding the Hollanders his Countrimen did what they could to hinder it Wâ—ngalâ— Floris his man had beene in the Kings presence who laid his hand vpon his head But on the eight and twentieth of October following newes came that this King was dead hauing raigned aboue fiftie yeeres His three wiues of which Obiana Queene of Paleacatte was one burned themselues with his corpse and great troubles were expected The Hollanders had presented this King with two Elephants of Seilan Cotabaxa the King of Badaya and Lellengana his Neighbour died not long before Mahmoud Vmin Cotabaxa his Brothers Sonne succeeded Musulipatan is in his Dominion Golconda is the Metropolitan Citie But hee is a Moore of the Sophi his Sect Golconda is the Citie Royall With the Naicho or King of Gingi vassall to the King or Emperour of Bisnagar the Iesuites found good entertainment Heere some of the Iogues distributed the water of Ganges out of certaine vessels couered with foule and filthie clothes which yet the people for deuotion kissed These Iogues with admirable patience endured the Sunnes heate and one among the rest enclosed himselfe in an Iron Cage with his head feet onely out of the Cage that he could neither sit nor lie downe at any time and on the Cage were hanged an hundred Lampes which foure other Iogues his companions lighted at certaine times And thus walked he in this his perpetuall Prison as a Light vnto the World in his vaine glorious opinion They reasoned with certaine Bramenes some of which held the Sunne for God and yet sometime to haue beene a man and for his merits so
very learned and somewhat was added as wee may well coniecture to their learning by him who by Nabuchodonosor was set ouer them For besides the gifts wherewith hee was enriched and the ciuill authoritie wherewith he was dignified he was exalted also to this Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction ouer the Schooles of the Wise-men as after Iunius and Osiander D. Willet hath obserued as it were their Superintendent which though Caluin thinketh hee refused yet it appeareth by the title which the King after gaue him that hee accepted it In which his Superintendentship sayth our Author such laudable sciences as might safely be learned he promoted and furthered such corruption and superstitions as were practised among them he corrected and reformed but such abuses as could not be taken away hee forbare and kept himselfe free from them And here haue we a testimonie of their Hierarchie which Nature taught these and all people contrarie to the Noueltie of Paritie In the dayes of Hezechiah when the Sunne went backwards it appeareth how studious the Chaldaean Nation was in that their Princes sent their Ambassadours into Iudaea to enquire thereof Yea the Delphian Oracle as Theodoret citeth it out of Porphyrie ascribing the finding out of that learning which leadeth to the gods not to the Greekes but to the Aegyptians Phoenicians Chaldaeans and Hebrewes in which the Chaldaeans as that Father out of Daniel obserueth were furthered by the Hebrewes Some doe call the Babylonian Priests Magi but because they were by this name best knowne and most esteemed among the Persians which in that vicinitie of Regions had as neere Neighbourhood in Religions wee will speake of these Magi in our Persian Relations And it is thought that the Persian Magi came from these Chaldaeans Mornaeus reckoneth among the Chaldaean opinions that of Oromases Mitris and Ariminis that is to say GOD Mind and Soule which hee applieth to the Christian doctrine of the holy Trinitie The Oracle of Apollo pronounced the Chaldaeans and Hebrewes to bee onely wise The Chaldaean opinion concerning iudiciall Astrologie was not receiued of all the Chaldaeans as Strabo reporteth And Bardesanes Syrus the best learned of the Chaldaeans it is Eusebius testimonie doth at large confute that opinion which yet many Wisards carkasses of Christians still follow He affirmeth that in those things which a man hath common with a beast eating sleepe nourishment age c. a man is ordered by Nature as the beasts are But man hauing also a reasonable soule and freedome of will is not subiect to that naturall seruitude which at large hee prooueth by the diuers customes of men both in diuers and in the same countries in diet gouernment and Religion as the Reader willing to reade so worthie a discourse may find related at large in Eusebius Alexander Polyhist out of Eupolemus telleth that in the tenth generation after the floud in Camyrine a Citie of Babylonia which other call Vr Abram was borne which excelled all in knowledge and was the inuentor of Astrologie among the Chaldaeans Hee by diuine precept went into Phoenicia and taught the Phoenicians the course of the Sunne and Moone and when the Armenians warring vpon the Phoenicians had taken his brothers sonne prisoner hee by a band of his seruants recouered him and freely dismissed the captiues which he had taken Hee after liued with the Priests at Heliopolis in Egypt and taught them Astrologie confessing that he had receiued that Art by succession from Enoch Hee added that Belus raigned the second in Babylon and was called Saturne the father of a second Belus and Canaan which Canaan was the father of the Phoenicians and the Aethiopians brother of Mizraim the Author of the Egyptians with many other things not much differing from the Diuine Historie Astronomie in all likelihood was knowne to Abraham to whom the heauenly starres might be Remembrancers of that promise so shall thy seed bee his countrie also where it was practised might therein further him and the excellencie of the science in it selfe But this star-gazing destinie Iudiciall Coniecturall Genethliacall Astrologie Reason and experience GOD and Man haue condemned Vr signifieth light which agreeth to the Fire the Chaldaeans deitie which the Persians and Chaldaeans fained to haue receiued from heauen and kept euer burning as the Vestals in Rome They held Water and Fire to be the beginning of all things They made a chalenge of their fiery god to contend with any other gods of the godlesse Heathen an Egyptian encountred and ouercame them thus he caused his Canopus to be made full of holes stopped with waxe and hollow in the middle which hee filled with water and the Chaldaeans putting their fire vnder the waxe melting opened a quiuer of watrie arrowes that cooled the heat of their deuouring god and deuoured him They had yet a more foolish god euen an Onyon which they worshipped They obserued diuers wicked Sciences of diuining by Fire Aire Water Earth consulting with the dead and with wicked spirits Chaldaea vocatis Imperat arte dijs sayth Claudian Euery day the King offered a Horse furnished vnto the Sunne as did also the Persians Philostrat. sayth that it was a white Horse of the Nisaean race sumptuously trapped lib. 1. cap. 20. They obserued a feast in Babylon Athenaeus citeth it out of Berosus on the sixteenth Calends of September which continued fiue dayes in which the Masters were subiect to their seruants and one of them royally attired was caried out of the house whom they called Zoganes Baruch cap. 6. in the Epistle of Ieremie Apocrypha rippeth vp their idolatrous Rites Idols Processions bearing Idols on mens shoulders the people before and behind worshipping their Priests collusions to make gaines of the Idoll-offerings together with their Priests shauen heads and beards their rent cloaths their roaring before the Idoll their Temples wherein they stood with scepters axes or other weapons in their hands hauing candles lighted before them with other such rites that in the reading one would thinke hee were telling the discourse of the mysteries of mysticall Babylon in the West so euenly they accord The Chaldaeans inuocate their Belus to doe miracles also sayth hee inuocating a dumbe Idoll to giue speech vnto another which himselfe wanteth But aboue all one Beastly rite was in vse among them The women sayth hee sit in the wayes girded with k cords of rushes and burne straw and if one of them be drawne away and lie with any such as come by shee casteth her neighbour in the teeth because shee was not so worthily reputed nor her cord broken Thus was their glorie their shame Herodotus will yeeld vs a Commentarie on this place The Babylonians haue an abominable law sayth he that all their women once in their life doe sit at the Temple of Venus to haue familiaritie with strangers the richer sort comming in chariots richly furnished and attended to this vngodly purpose Their
is a place of Heretikes for so the Saracens deemed them Beniamin Tudelensis aboue foure and fortie yeeres agoe hath written that these Hhasissin neere Baalgad vnder Libanus followed not the doctrine of the Ismaelites but of one whom they esteemed a Prophet whose word they obeyed whether to liue or die Him they call Hheich all Hhassissin he is their Senator at whose command all the Mountaines goe out and in His seate is in the Citie called Karmos which was sometime the biginning of the Country of Sehon And they haue a Religion amongst themselues according to the doctrine of their Senator They are a terrour to all men for they kill euen Kings with the Sawe Their Dominion continues eight dayes iourney They hold warre with the Christians called Frankes and with the King of Tripolis of the Region of Saam Damascus wherein hapned not long since an Earth-quake whereby were slaine in that Region many both Iewes and Gentises and in the Land of Israel twenty thousand Thus farre out of the Iew. Iacobus de Vitriaco Bishop of Acon in his Easterne Storie accounts it no small grace of GOD that in the siege of Damiata where himselfe was present An. 1219. their chiefe men escaped these Assasines they being after that murther by the Templaries committed on their Legate for the most part enemies vnto them Yet one he mentioneth the sonne of the Earle of Tripolis being at his deuotions in the Church of our Lady at Carchusa slaine by them as he was kneeling before the Altar Whereupon the Templers warred on them and forced them to the Tribute of three thousand Byzantines In his first Booke he telleth their customes at large The place of their first originall whence they came into Syria he placeth neere Baldac or Bagdet in the confines of Persia they willingly and cheerefully obey all the commands of their Abbat Master or OLD MAN of the Mountaines in all things absolutely esteeming it meritorious who also bringeth vp children of purpose in secret and pleasant places and in diuers languages where they neuer see any but their Masters till their Lord send them thence for hatred of his enemies or at request of his friends or for reward and price giuing them a sharpe knife or blade for such exploits If they dye they are accounted Martyrs and reuerenced as Saints their Parents rewarded with gifts and if they were bond with freedome Hence it is that they take vpon them so cheerefully this deadly Legacie with no lesse warinesse and subtile in Protean insinuations and fashion-imitations then vehemencie of desire and resolution studious to effect the same sometimes in the habit of the Clergie men or Monkes sometimes like marchants alwayes applying themseluer to others fashions that it is impossible to preuent them inferiour persons they disdaine to deale with but mightier Potentates must either purchase their securitie or alwayes be strongly garded Vitriacus affirmeth that they were imagined to bee descended from the ancient Esses and that they still retained the Iewish writing hauing letters mixed of the Hebrew and Chaldee which perhaps may bee the Samaritan Letters Marinus Sanutus Torsellus about three hundred yeeres since wrote a large booke entituled Secreta fidelium Crucis touching the recouerie of the Holy Land in which he mentions these Assasines or as he cals them Arsasidae of whom besides other things hee relates this Storie An. 1194. Boamund Prince of Antiochia sends for Leuuon Lord of Armenia his vassall so great where then the Christian affaires to come to him which he at first refused because he had in like manner sent for his brother Rupinus and made him prisoner but after vpon condition he came with such an Ambuscado that when Boamund would contrarie to Couenant haue taken him himselfe was taken and carried prisoner into Armenia from whence he was deliuered by meditation of Henry then Gouernour of the Holy-Land vnder Q. Isabell at whose hands the said Lord of Armenia desired and receiued the Title and Crowne of a King And this was the beginning of that Royall Title to those Kings of Armenia But this Henry in his returne visited according to his request the King of the Arsasidae so he calles him who brought him to a Castle where was a very high Tower and in each corner thereof stood two men clothed in white Then said the King to his ghest Your Subiects will not obey you in like manner as mine will me and withall gaue a humane or spetting token and presently two of those white ones cast themselues downe and with the fall died instantly Then did hee offer the like experiment in the rest but Henry refused as hauing more proofe then he desired of this more then Votarie obedience He offred him also that if he had any enemie he would procure him to bee slaine by these his seruants I stay the longer on these cursed Assassines that the Reader may make comparison and obserue their resemblance with the latter Iesuiticall brood in totall and simple obedience the opinion that it is tolerable nay lawfull commendable meritorious of heauen to kill and treacherously to murther the Princes of the earth and the glorious martyrdome of such as are therefore executed §. V. Of the Dogzijn and Drusians and other Pagans there ANother like both People and Sect Brethren in euill were the Dogzijn of whom Beniamin thus writeth About ten miles from Sidon there is a certaine people which holds warre with the Sidonians called in their language Dogzijn of others called Pagans of no Religion or Sect They dwell in the Mountaines in Caues and holes of Rocks obeying no King or Gouernor but liue at randome in the highest Hills and steepest Rockes three dayes iourney vnto the Hill Hermon They are infamously incestuous the Fathers polluting their owne Daughters And in a solemnitie which they yeerely celebrate all both men and women come to a common Feast where they change Wiues with each other They hold that the soule when it departeth out of the body of a good man passeth into some Infant then begotten but of a bad man into a Dog or other Beast Their knowledge is according to their life There are no Iewes amongst them but sometimes Artificers and diuers come vnto them for Marchandize and goe away againe and the Iewes are gently entertained of them This people is very swift in running vp and downe those hills and not to bee vanquished of other men Thus farre Tudelensis Martin a Baumgarten relateth that the Venetian Consull told him of a Sect not farre from Tripoli which vse at certaine times promiscuous lusts the Father with the Daughter the Mother with the Sonne and each with his next Mate The issue thereof if Male to be killed with needles as sacrificing their bloud the Females preserued Hee names them not But it is likely to be the posteritie of those Dogzijn perhaps that of killing their Males being added by such as make bad things worse and yet
Caesar remoued him placing in his roome Diteutus the sonne of Adiatorix whom with his wife and children hee had led in triumph purposing to slay his elder sonne together with him But when the younger perswaded the Souldiers that he was the elder and both contended which should die Diteutus was of his parents counselled to yeeld to the younger and to remaine aliue to bee a stay to their family Which pietie Caesar hearing of grieuing for the death of the other hee thus rewarded At the Feasts aforesaid is great recourse of men and women hither Many Pilgrims resort to discharge their vowes Great store of women is there which for the most part are deuoted this Citie being as little Corinth For many went to Corinth in respect of the multitude of Harlots prostituted or consecrated to Venus Zela another Citie hath in it the Temple of Anias much reuerenced of the Armenians wherein the Rites are solemnized with greatest Sanctimony and Oathes taken of greatest consequence The sacred Seruants and Priestly Honours are as the former The Kings did sometime esteeme Zela not as a Citie but as a Temple of the Persian Gods and the Priest had supreme power ouer all things who with a great multitude of those sacred Seruants inhabited the same The Romans encreased their Reuenues In Cappadocia the Persian Religion was much vsed but of the Persian Rites see more in our Tractat of Persia The lewdnesse of the Cappadocians grew into a Prouerbe if any were enormiously wicked he was therefore called a Cappadocian GALATIA or GALLOGRAECIA so called of the Galli which vnder the conduct of Brennus saith Suidas assembled an Army of three hundred thousand and seeking aduentures in forraine parts diuided themselues some inuading Greece others Thrace and Asia where they setled themselues betweene Bithynia and Cappadocia On the South it is confined with Pamphilia and on the North is washed with the Euxine Sea the space of two hundred and fiftie miles Sinope the mother and nursing Citie of Mithridates is heere seated one of the last Cities of Asia that subiected it selfe to Turkish bondage in the dayes of Mahomet the second Of the Galatae were three Tribes Trogini Tolistobogi and Tectosages all which Goropius deriueth from the Cimmerij At Tavium which was inhabited with the Trogini was a brazen Statue of Iupiter and his Temple was a priuiledged Sanctuarie The Tolistobogi had for their chiefe Mart Pisinus wherein was a great Temple of the Mother of the Gods whom they called Andigista had in great veneration whose Priests had sometime beene mightie This Temple was magnificently builded of the Attalian Kings with the Porches also of white stone And the Romans by depriuing the same of the Goddesses Statue which they sent for to Rome as they did that of Aesculapius out of Epidaurus added much reputation of Religion thereunto The Hill Dindyma ouer-looketh the Citie of which shee was named Dindymena as of Cybelus which Orletius supposeth to bee the same Cybele Of the Galatians Deiotarus was King but more fame hath befallen them by Paules Epistle to them Plutarch tells of a Historie of a Galatian woman named Camma worthy our recitall Shee was faire and noble the daughter of Dianaes Priest and richly married to Sinatus the Tetrarch But Sinorix a man richer and mightier then hee became his vniust corriuall and because he durst not attempt violence to her her husband liuing he slew him Camma solaced her selfe as she could cloystering her selfe in Dianaes Temple and admitting none of her mightie suiters But when Sinorix had also moued that suit she seemed not vnwilling and when he came to desire her marriage she went forth to meet him and with gentle entertainment brought him into the Temple vnto the Altar where shee dranke to him a cup of poysoned liquor and hauing taken off almost halfe she reached him the rest which after shee saw he had drunke she called vpon her husbands name aloud saying Hitherto haue I liued sorrowfull without thee wayting this day now welcome me vnto thee for I haue reuenged thy slaughter on the most wicked amongst men and haue beene companion and partner with thee in life with him in death And thus dyed they both The like manly woman-hood if a Christian might commend that which none but a Christian can discommend Valerius Maximus sheweth of Chiomara her country-woman wife of Ortyagon a great man amongst the Tectosages who in the warres of Manilius the Consul being taken prisoner was committed to the custodie of a Tribune who forc't her to his pleasure After that agreement was made for her ransome and the money brought to the place appointed whiles the Tribune was busie about the receit thereof shee caused her Gallo-graecians to cut off his head which she carryed to her husband in satisfaction of her wrong At the Funeralls of the Galatians they obserued this custome to write letters and hurle them into that latest and fatall fire supposing that their deceased friends should read them in the other world At their sacrifices they vsed not an Aruspex or Diuinor which gazed in the entrailes but a Philosopher without whom they thought no Sacrifice acceptable to their gods The Deuill certaine was the god to whom their humane Sacrifices were acceptable which in deuillish inhumanitie they offered at their bloudie Altars when they diuined of things to come which they did by his falling by the dismembring and flowing forth of his bloud Athenaeus out of Philarchus telleth of one Ariannes a rich Galatian which feasted the whole Nation a whole yeere together with Sacrifices of Bulls Swine Sheepe and other prouision made ready in great Caldrons prouided of purpose for this entertainment that he made them in spacious Boothes which he had therefore built Pausanius saith That the Pesinuntian Galatians abstained from Swines flesh The Legend of Agdistis and Atte which he there addeth is too filthy to relate Betweene the mouth of Pontus the Thracian Bosphorus and part of Propontis on the West and Galatia on the East part of the Euxine Sea on the North and Asia properly so called on the South is situate the Prouince called by the double name of PONTVS and BITHYNIA There were sometimes two Prouinces diuided by the Riuer Sangarius now they are called Bursia by Giraua by Castaldus Becsangial The most famous Cities therein are or rather haue beene NICE famous sometimes for Neptunes Temple but more for the first Generall Councell therein celebrated against Arrius in defence of the Trinitie and Christs Diuinitie Nicomedia sometimes the Seat of Emperours now ruinous Apamia and Prusa or Bursa nigh to the Mount Olympus where the first Ottomans had their seat Royall and all of that race except the Great Turkes themselues are still buried Chalcedon built seuenteene yeeres before Byzantium and therefore the builders accounted blinde which neglected that better Seat Here was a famous Councell of six hundred and thirtie Bishops against the
Heresie of Eutyches heere Iason had built a Temple to Iupiter in the straights which seuer Europe from Asia after Melas measure fiue furlongs Of their ancient Kings others haue related but one cannot passe this our Historie without obseruation and that is Mithridates the sixth King of that name who loosing his father in the eleuenth yeere of his age by his Tutors was trecherously assailed but escaped and by vse of that antidote which of him still beareth the name Mithridate out-liued their poysoning conspiracie Hee liued indeed to the death of thousands which either his crueltie or his warres consumed Foure yeeres together to auoid their Treasons he liued in the fields and woods vnder a shew of hunting both preuenting their designes and inuring himselfe to hardnesse Hee spake two and twentie languages being Lord of so many Nations Hee held warres with the Romans sixe and fortie yeeres whom those renowned Captaines Sylla Lucullus Pompey did so conquer as he alway arose againe with great lustre and with greater terror and at last dyed not by his enemies command but voluntarily in his old age and his own Kingdome neuer made to attend the Roman triumphs Syllaes felicity Lucullus prowesse and Pompeyes greatnesse notwithstanding His aspiring thoughts had greedily swallowed the Soueraignty both of Asia and Europe He caused in one night all the Romans in his Dominions to be slaine in which massacre perished a hundred and fiftie thousand as some haue numbred But it cannot be conceiued saith Orosius how many there were or how great was the griefe both of the doers and sufferers when euery one must betray his innocent guests and friends or hazard his owne life no Law of Hospitalitie no Religion of Sanctuary or reuerence of Images being sufficient protection And no maruell if he spared not his enemies when he slew Exipodras and Homochares his sonnes and after the poysonings and voluntary death of Monyma his wife Statira and Roxane his daughters his sonne Pharnaces like to taste of the same cup won to his part his fathers Armie sent against him with which he pursued his father so hotly that hee hauing denounced a heauy curse vpon him entred amongst his Wiues Concubines and Daughters and gaue them poyson pledging them in the same liquor which his body accustomed to his Antidotes easily ouer-came and therefore was faine to intreat another to open a bloudy passage for that his cruell soule A man saith Orosius of all men most superstitious alway hauing with him Philosophers and men expert in all Arts now threescore and foureteene yeeres old The Religion in Pontus was little differing from the Greekes Wee read of the Sacrifices of this King to Ceres and to Iupiter Bellipotens in which the King brought the first wood to the fire He powred also thereon Hony Milke Wine Oyle and after made a Feast In honour of Neptune they drowned Chariots drawne with foure white Horses with which it seemed they would haue him ease himselfe in his Sea-voyages At the mouth of Pontus was the Temple of Iupiter Iasus called Panopeum and nigh thereto a Promontory sacred to Diana sometime an Iland ioyned to the Continent by an Earthquake Hereabouts was the Caue Acherusium whose bottomlesse bottome was thought to reach to Hell I may in the next place set downe Paphlagonia which as it fareth with such as haue mightie Neighbours can scarcely finde her proper limits Some reckon it to Galatia before described and sometimes Pontus hath shared it and either the force of Armes or bountie of Emperours hath assigned it at other times to Phrygia Cilicia or other parts the bounds thereof are thus deliuered Pontus confineth on the North on the East the Riuer Halys on the South Phrygia and Galatia on the West Bithynia Of the people hereof called Heneti some deriue the Veneti of Italy They now call it Roni It had the name Paphlagonia of Paphlagon the sonne of Phineus The Mount Olgasys is very high and in the same are many Paphlagonian Temples Sandaracurgium is another Mountaine made hollow by the Metall-miners which were wont to bee slaues redeemed from capitall Sentence who heere exchanged that speedie death for one more lingring So deadly is the Alpha and Omega the beginning and ending of this Idoll of the World which the Spaniards haue verified in the West by the destruction of another world Vitruuius tells of a Fountaine in Paphlagania as it were mixed with Wine whereof they which drinke without other liquor proue drunken The Heptacometae and Mossynoeci inhabited about those parts a people of that beastly disposition that they performed the most secret worke of Nature in publike view These are not so much notorious for being worse then beasts as their neighbours the Tibareni for surpassing in iustice other men They would not warre on their enemy but would faithfully before relate vnto him the Time Place and Houre of their fight whereas the Mossynoeci vsed to assault strangers that trauelled by them very treacherously They haue also a venemous kinde of Hony growing out of their trees with which they beguiled and slew three troupes of Pompey The Tabareni obserued one strange fashion that when the woman was deliuered of a childe her husband lay in and kept his chamber the women officiously attending him a custome obserued at this day amongst the Brasilians CHAP. XVI Of Asia proprie dicta now called Sarcum THis Region in the strict sense being a particular Prouince of the lesser Asia is bounded on the West with part of Propontis and Hellespont the Aegean Icarian and Mertoan Seas on the South with the Rhodian Sea Lycia and Pamphilia on the East with Galatia on the North with Pontus and Bithynia and part of Propontis In which space are contained Phrygia Caria and both Mysias Aeolis Ionia Doris Lydia Some circumcise from hence both Phrygia and Mysia alledging the authoritie of Saint Luke But in the Apocalypse Chap. 1. these parts are also added and 1. Pet. 1.1 PHRYGIA is diuided into the greater which lyeth Eastward and the lesse called also Hellespontiaca and Troas and of some Epictetus The greater PHRYGIA hath not many Cities Here stood Midaium the Royall Seat of Mydas and Apamia the Phrygian Metropolis Phrygia is called of the riuer Phryx which diuideth it from Caria Herodotus telleth that the Phrygians were accounted the most ancient of all people for the triall whereof Psammetichus King of Egypt had shut vp without societie of any humane creature two children causing onely goats to bee admitted to suckle them who after long time pronounced bec which they had learned of the goates but because that with the Phrygians signified bread therefore they accounted the Phrygians first authors of mankinde Before Deucalions floud Nannacus is reported to raigne there and foreseeing the same to haue assembled his people into the Temple with supplications and prayers Hence grew the prouerbe to say A thing was from
cloth sewed together Tritis pilea suta de lacernis the Kings differing from the common sort because his ascended strait with a sharp top not bowed any way to the other Persians it was deadly to weare a Tiara except the top bowed in token of subiection to their forehead Only the posteritie of those which with Darius Histaspis slew the vsurping Magus might weare them bending to the middle of their head and not hanging downe to their browes as the other The Kings Tiara was properly called Cidaris and was set on by the Surena which was an hereditarie dignitie next to the King About this Cidaris hee wore a Diadem which some Authors confound and make to be the same others otherwise it was a purple band or of blew colour distinguished with white which was wreathed about the Tiara The right or strait Tiara with that purple and white band was the note of royaltie as the Crowne in these parts The Diadem in other Countries was a white band wreathed about the forehead The new King was placed also in a golden Throne and if hee pleased changed his former name as Codomannus to Darius His subiects adored him as a god so did the Greekes interprete it and Mordecas which refused this ceremonie to Haman prostrating themselues on the ground with a kinde of veneration turning their hands behind their backe if they had any sute to the King Sperchies and Bulis Lacedemonians and Conon the Athenian refused this Rite Ismenias the Theban dissembled it with taking vp his ring which for that purpose hee lot flip from his finger when hee came before the King Timagoras was put to death by the Athenians for doing it In the time of Apollonius none might come to the presence of the King which had not before done the like adoration to his Image They also when they came into the presence of the King held their hands within their sleeues for default herein Cyrus Iunior slew Antosaces and Mitraeus as Xenophon writeth Likewise for the greater Maiestie they seldome were seene of the people and then neuer on foot neither might any enter the Palace without licence of the King signifying his attendance first by a messenger this honour was reserued to the Princes which slew Smerdis which might enter at all times but when the King was in bed with his wife which Intaphernes one of the seuen transgressing therefore lost his head Yea the Scripture noteth the danger hereof in Haman the Kings greatest fauourite and Ester the Queene neither of which had libertie of entrance without the Kings call or admission It was a capitall offence to sit on the Kings Throne to weare the Kings garment or in hunting to strike any beast before the King had stricken The King as before is noted of Cambyses was not subiect to any law the people were held in much slauery if that may be so called which is voluntarie In this affection they which were scourged at the Kings command were thankefull to him for that they were had in remembrance with him Their obedience appeared when Xerxes being in a ship in danger many at his word leaped into the Sea to lighten the ship Yea they would be their owne executioners when they had offended the King None might salute him without a present His birth-day was obserued a sacred and solemne festiuall His death was bewailed with a silence of lawes and sutes fiue daies and with extinguishing that Fire which euery one obserued in his house as his household deitie The Kings abode was according to the season seuen moneths saith Zonaras in Babylon three in Susa and two in Ecbatana Aelian therefore compares them to Cranes and Aristides to the Scythian Nomades alway by this shifting enioying a temperate season Susa or Shushan was so called of the abundance of Lillies which in that language are so named saith Stephanus a Region so defended by high mountaines from the Northerne blasts that in the Summer the vehement heat parched their Barly it is Straboes report and therefore they couered the roofes of their houses with earth two cubits deepe and it killed the snakes as they crossed the wayes It was situate on Choaspes and entertained the Kings Court in Winter as Ecbatana in Summer the chiefe Citie of the Medes Sometimes it also remoued to Pasargadae and sometimes to Persepolis the richest Citie if Diodorus bee beleeued vnder the Sunne wherein was a Tower enuironed with a three-fold wall the first of which was sixteene cubits high and made with battlements the second twice as much the third square and sixtie cubits in height of hard stone with brazen gates on the East thereof was a Hill of foure acres wherein were the Sepulchres of the Kings Alexander in reuenge of the burning of Athens and by instigation of wine and Thais his Concubine Mars Bacchus Venus three heauy vnruly tyrannicall enemies conspiring burned this sometime Treasure-house of Persia The Persian Court or Palace had many Gates and Guards which took turnes by lot you reade the words of Aristotle in his booke de Mundo hereby manifested to bee his or at least as ancient in that he writeth of the Persian State flourishing before Alexander in his time had subuerted it some hee saith were called the Kings eares others his eyes and others had other offices by which the King learned whatsoeuer was any where done and therefore holden as a God And besides his Posts which brought newes by Fires or Beacons he might in one day learne the State of that huge Empire extended from the Hellespont to India The Palace-roofe admirably shined with the brightnesse of Iuorie Siluer Amber and Gold His Throne was of Gold borne vp with foure Pillars beset with gemmes His bed was also of Gold which was propounded the reward to Zorobabel and his companions Ezra 3.3 yea Herodotus tells of a Tabernacle of Gold of a Plane tree and a Vine of Gold giuen to Darius by Pithius the Bythinian This Vine Athenaeus reporteth was adorned with iewels and hung ouer the Kings bed the Grape-clusters being all precious stones in a Parlour at his beds feet were three thousand Talents of Gold in another at the head called the Kings bolster were fiue thousand Talents Gardens were adioyning which they called Paradises some very large wherein were kept wild beasts as Lions Beares Bores for the Kings game with spacious Woods and Plaines inclosed in wall Tully out of Xenophon relateth the industrie of Cyrus which with his owne hand had measured planted ordered and husbanded one of those pleasant Paradises Alexander enriched them with Trees and Plants out of Greece The Persian Kings dranke the water of Choaspes onely which to that purpose was boyled and carried with them in Siluer vessells wheresoeuer they went The Parthian Kings dranke of this and of the Riuer Eulaeus a Riuer rising in Media which after it hath buried it selfe againe recouering
the light compasseth the Tower of Susa and the religious Temple of Diana Daniel calls it Vlay it seemeth to be or to become the same with Choaspes and so doth Ptolomey confound them they dranke also onely Chalybonian wine made at Damascus in Syria and their bread was made of the wheat of Assos in Phrygia Their sumptuous feasting appeareth in the Scripture beyond what is read in any storie of any King in which was somewhat of euery Nation subiect to him set before him his Salt was brought out of Egypt Amongst the baggage and stuffe of Darius which Parmenio tooke at Damascus were found two hundred seuentie seuen Cookes nine and twentie Scullians thirteene which had charge of white-meates seuenteene which were to minister water seuentie which belonged to the wine-celler fortie which looked to the oyntments and sixtie sixe which made Crownes How many may we thinke were there in his setled Court His dining-roome was full of musicall women whereof one began the song the rest followed three hundred of these creatures singing playing dancing spent the night in his bed-chamber Hee which could deuise any new pleasure was highly rewarded for which purpose Xerxes promised largely to such Epicurean-Masters by an open Proclamation The King vsually sate alone sometimes his mother and wife were admitted other guests sate where hee might see but not be seene of them yea they had slauish sauce to their sweet meates being narrowly watched by the Eunuches whether they cast any liberall lookes towards any of the Kings women Yet the Parthian guests had more seruile entertainment as euen now wee shewed Concerning the multitudes of their women and curiositie of their lusts the booke of Ester yeelds ample testimonie Cicero addeth that they bestowed for the maintenance of their wiues robes and dresses one Citie for their haire another for their necke yea the reuenues of whole countries on such excesse Socrates in Platoes Alcibiades telleth of an Embassador into Persia which was almost a whole day in trauelling through a Region called the Queenes Girdle another called the Queenes Head-tire and so for euery other part of her Wardrobe The Kings children especially the eldest sonne were presently after their birth committed to Eunuches which beside education did compose and order their lims at seuen yeeres of age they learned to ride and hunt hauing skilfull instructers for that purpose at foureteene yeeres they were committed to the discipline of the Royall Masters which were foure choisely learned the first in Prudence which taught the Magia of Zoroastres and the institution of a King the second in Iustice who taught to speake and deale truly the third in Temperance wherein hee instructed his new disciple as the fourth in Fortitude The Persian King had one whose office was to salute the King with these words Arise O King and thinke on such things as Mesoromasdes would haue thee Almost euery day hee performed his holy Rites for which cause were slaine euery day one thousand sacrifices amongst which were Oxen Asses Harts the Magi being present Before their sacrifices they discoursed of pietie and when they went to this their deuotion there were men on both sides the way set in rankes with officers called Mastigophori who suffered none but great personages to enter First were led Bulls foure and foure together which were sacrificed to Iupiter After them were led Horses to bee offered to the Sunne Then followed a Chariot drawne with white Horses hauing a golden beame and crowned sacred to Iupiter after that the Chariot of the Sunne like the former Then a third Chariot the Horses couered with Scarlet after which followed men carrying fire and next the King in his Chariot before which went foure thousand Target men and two thousand Speare-men about it There followed three hundred with Darts on horse-backe two hundred horses with golden bridles and after them three thousand Persians and in the last place the Medes Armenians Hireans Xenophon indeed which writes this in his Institution of Cyrus intends rather the frame of a iust Empire then the truth of History yet professeth to relate no other Rites and Customes then which the Persians embraced neither doth hee in these things disagree from Herodotus and Curtius The Kings Chariot was drawne with white horses the drowning of one of which was the cause of drying the Riuer Gyndes For Cyrus enraged for the losse of his white Palfrey diuided the riuer by force of men into three hundred and twentie rills so that it wilderd and lost it selfe in those many by-wayes an argument what Diuision can doe These horses were of the Nisaean race in Media When the King descended from his Chariot a golden stoole was set him to step on one alway attending his Chariot with such a stoole While hee rode in his Chariot hee spent the time in whitling with a knife not in reading or any graue meditation and therefore was vnlearned When hee went on progresse into Media he enioyned the Countrey to spend three dayes before to hunt Scorpions which there abounded allowing rewards therefore They vsed by themselues or their Legats to visite their officers in the Prouinces and to punish or preferre them according to their merits In iudgements they not onely considered the crimes and accusations but the counterpoise also of their vertues and the clemencie of Artaxerxes in their irreuocable law appeared in cutting off the Tyarae of condemned persons in stead of their heads As often as the King entred into Persepolis euery Matron was to haue a piece of gold giuen her the men also were rewarded which multiplied children but especiall rewards were bestowed on them which were called Orosange which had deserued well of the King whose names and facts were therefore recorded as we reade of Mordecai and his recompence Themistocles receiued of the Kings bountie the Citie Magnesia to finde him bread which Region was worth fiftie Talents yeerely Lampsacum for wine Myus for cates The chiefe gift giuen to any was a mill of gold The Kings birth-day was a solemne feast called Tycta that is perfect for the magnificence thereof in which hee gaue gifts to the people yea hee might not denie any petition then made to him The King nourished so many Indian dogs for hunting that foure great villages in the plaine of Babylon were assigned to their sustenance Artaxerxes caused Megabyzus as Ctesias writeth to bee beheaded for striking a Lyon with his dart which was readie to assault the King because he therein transgressed the Law and preuented the Kings triall of his valour The reuenues of the tributes were 14560. Euboike Talents the siluer and gold were melted and kept in earthen vessels which were broken when they came to vse the same Besides this the subiect prouinces yeelded to the maintenance of the King other things as Armenia horses Babylonia foure moneths victuals and the rest of Asia the other eight and other Regions their peculiar commodities The
made them distastfull and this also which the Learned often obiect to these Sectaries that the King and Princes which first gaue way hereto died violently and miserably and fell into publike calamities Yet hath it euen to these times in diuers vicissitudes encreased and decreased and many Bookes haue beene thereof written which contayne many difficulties inextricable to themselues Their Temples are many and sumptuous in which huge monstrous Idols of Brasse Marble Wood and Earth are to be seene with Steeples adioyning of stone or timber and therein exceeding great Bells and other ornaments of great price Their Priests are called Osciami They continually shaue their heads and beards contrary to the Countrey custome Some of them goe on Pilgrimages others liue an austere life on Hills or in Caues and the most of them which amount to two or three millions liue in Cloysters of their reuenues and almes and somewhat also of their owne industrie These Priests are accounted the most vile and vicious in the Kingdome being of the baser raskalitie sold when they are children by their parents to the elder Priests of slaues made Disciples and succeeding their Masters in Sect and Stipend few voluntarily adioyning themselues to these Cloysterers Neither doe they affect more liberall learning nor abstayne but perforce from disauowed Luxurie Their Monasteries are diuided into diuers Stations according to their greatnesse in euery Station is one perpetuall Administrator with his slaue-Disciples which succeed him therein Superiour in the Monasterie they acknowledge none but euery one builds as many Cells or Chambers as he is able which they let out to strangers for great gaine that their Monasteries may be esteemed publike Innes wherein men may quietly lodge or follow their businesse without any explication of their Sects They are hired also by many to Funerall Solemnities and to other Rites in which wilde Beasts Birds or Fishes are made free and let loose the seuerer Sectaries buying them to this meritorious purpose In our times this Sect much flourisheth and hath many Temples erected and repaired many Eunuches women and of the rude vulgar embracing the same There are some Professors called Ciaicum that is Fasters which liue in their owne houses all their life abstayning from Fish and Flesh and with certaine set prayers worship a multitude of Idols at home but not hard to be hired to these deuotions at other mens houses In these Monasteries women also doe liue separated from men which shaue their heads and reiect Marriage These Nunnes are there called Nicu. But these are but few in comparison of the men One of the learned Sect famous in the Court relinquished his place in the Colledge and shaued his haire wrote many Bookes against the Confutians but being complayned of the King commanded hee should be punished which hee punished further on himselfe with cutting his owne throat Whereupon a Libell or Petition was put vp to the King against the Magistrates which relinquished Confutius and became of this Sect the King notwithstanding all the Queenes Eunuches and his Kindred are of this Sect made answere That such should goe into the Desarts and might bee ashamed of their Robes Hence followed orders That whosoeuer in his Writings mentioned an Idoll except by way of Confutation should be vncapable of degrees in Learning which caused much alteration in Religion for many of this Sect had preuayled much in Court and elsewhere Amongst the rest one Thacon was so honoured of the chiefe Queene that shee worshipped daily his garment because it was not lawfull for himselfe to enter the Palace but dealt by Eunuches One libelled to the King against him but had no answere which is the Kings fashion when he denies or disallowes it which made him more insolent But being suspected for a Libell made against the King and some writings in zeale of his Idols against the King being found he was beaten to death howling in his torments which before had vanted a Stoicall Apathie The other Sect-masters were banished the Court §. V. Of the third Sect Lauzu THeir third Sect is named Lauzu of a certaine Philosopher which liued in the same age with Confutius They fable that he was fourescore yeeres in his mothers wombe before his birth and therefore call him Lauzu that is old Philosopher He left no booke written of his Sect nor seemes to haue intended any such institution But his Sectaries called him after his death Tausa and haue fathered on him their opinions whereof they haue written many elegant bookes These also liue single in their Monasteries buying Disciples liuing as vile and vicious as the former They shaue not their haire but weare it like the Lay-men sauing that they haue a Hat or Cap of wood There are others married which at their owne houses professe greater austeritie and recite ouer set prayers They affirme That amongst other Idols they also worship the God of Heauen but corporeall and to whom their Legends tell that many indignities haue happened The King of Heauen which now raigneth they call Ciam he which raigned before was Leu who on a time came riding to the Earth on a white Dragon Him did Ciam who was a Diuinor giue entertainment and whiles Leu was at his good cheere mounted vp his Dragon which carried him to heauen there seized on the heauenly Royaltie and shut out Leu who yet at last was admitted to the Lordship of a certaine Mountaine in that Kingdom Thus they professe their god to bee a coozener and vsurper Besides this King of Heauen they faine another threefold Deitie one of which they say was the head of their Lauzu sect They promise to theirs Paradise which they shall enioy both in bodie and soule and in their Temples haue pictures of such as haue the Images of such Saints To obtaine this they prescribe certaine exercises which consist in diuers postures of sitting certaine prayers and medicines by which they promise to the obseruers through their gods fauour an immortall life in Heauen at least a longer mortall in the bodie The Priests of this Sect haue a peculiar Office of casting out Deuils which they do by two meanes one is to paint horrible shapes of Deuill in yellow paper with inke to be fastned on the walls and then fill the house with such sauage clamors that themselues might be thought to be Deuils the other is by certaine prayers or coniurations They professe also a power of faire weather and soule and other priuate and publike misfortunes : and some of them seeme to be Witches These Priests reside in the Kings Temples of Heauen and Earth and assist at the Kings sacrifices whether by himselfe performed or his Deputie Magistrates and thereby acquire great authoritie At these sacrifices they make musicke of all sorts which China yeeldeth harshed Europaean eares They are called likewise to Funeralls to which they come in precious Vestments playing on Musical Instruments They assist also at the consecrations of new Churches and
serue one thousand of them a day When the wormes by reason of that chaine breeding in his flesh fell off he would place it there againe and aske if it had nothing to gnaw His carkasse is still kept there to which are pilgrimages out of all the Kingdome and this Temple built to his honor The Regulars are diuided into twelue stations and each hath a Superior besides One supreme ouer all the rest They professed chastitie but their house was both a stewes for whoredome and a denne of theeues and robbers Here were many huge Idols of brasse and other metall and of wood gilded in one station fiue hundred They had diuers steeples and bells in them one so great that they had neuer seene so great a bell in Europe The Corpse of Lusu was shewed them which they worship but many doubt whether it be the true for could it escape the wormes which had seised on it aliue kept in the midst of the Temple in a high place where hang fiftie lamps which burne at appointed times The Abbot of this Monasterie confessed that in ancient times the Chinois had worshipped no Idols but that they were politically appointed by Magistrates lest the vulgar should bee without all Religion They haue their Chappels in great mens houses But we will take view onely of the Kings Temple at Nanquin and so end This is a Royall one indeed for greatnesse and statelinesse It is built in a groue of Pine-trees neere the Citie which is compast with a wall twelue miles in circuit The Temple after the China manner of building is most of timber the wals of brick diuided into fiue Iles with rowes of pillars on both sides which are of round timber as big as two men can fathome the roofe is carued and guilded verie faire hauing lost nothing of the beautie though not vsed by the Kings for sacrifice in this their two hundred yeeres absence In the midst is an eminent place of precious Marble in which are two Thrones of Marble one for the King to sacrifice in the other left emptie for him to whom he doth sacrifice The Cloisters without the Temple are beautified with elegant turnings and all the windowes netted with yron to keepe out birds which is vsed also in all the Palace All the doores of the Temple are couered with plates of brasse guilded and richly carued without the Temple are many Altars of red Marble which represented the Sun Moone Starres and China Mountaines whereby they inferre that the god there worshipped created all things which are therefore set without the Temple as acknowledged not to be gods No man vnder grieuous penalties may cut a bough off any of the trees in that groue which makes them great and old About the Temple are many Cels which were baths in which the Kings and Ministers washed before sacrifice There Altars are of the Dutch fashion that one may goe round about them §. IX Of their Funeralls THe Chinois are very superstitiously conceited of Death and are exceeding loth to haue any die in their house Linschoten writeth That when a man lies on his death-bed they present vnto him the picture of the Deuill with the Sunne in his right hand and a Poniard in his left bidding the sicke man looke well on him that hee may be his friend in the other world How euer the sicke be visited let vs now performe our last office to these Chinois and follow them to their graues Many are the Ceremonies which they there obserue in Funerals As they honor their parents in their life time being otherwise lyable to grieuous punishments yea some of their chiefest Mandarines will sue for the Kings licence to leaue their publike function to giue priuat and more diligent attendance to their parents so after their death they mourne three yeeres in white Hats and Garments although they beare the highest Magistracies in the Kingdome as the Colai c. the militarie Magistrates excepted The first moneths they gird vnto them a rough Vesture with a rope like the bare-foot Friers This is not onely obserued of the meaner sort but the mightiest Mandarines after newes of their fathers death leaue their function and in their priuate houses bewaile their losse The wealthier sort keepe them aboue ground two or three yeeres in a Parlour fitted for that purpose whither they daily resort vnto them to salute them and to burne Incense and set meates before them Sometimes also the Bonzij or Priests resort thither with their Dirges and holy things Their wiues children and neighbours come likewise to bewaile them being admonished of the death by the sonne or neerest of the kindred in a solemne Libell mournfully composed The Hall is spread with white Clothes or Matts in the midst thereof is an Altar and thereon the Coffin and Image of the dead To that Hall within foure or fiue dayes all the kindred come in mourning attyre one after another euery houre of the day and burne odours and set two Wax-lights to the dead making foure bowings and kneelings after their fashion before deliuered the sonne meane while standing by and modestly lamenting Behind the Coffin are the women of the house hid behind a curtaine in mourning weedes and howling behauiour They burne Paper and white Silkes so thinking to minister apparell to the dead They will not vse their wonted lodging diet and delights but lye on Straw Mattresses on the bare ground neere the Coffin eate no Flesh or Dainties drinke no Wine Bathe not companie not with their Wiues come not at Feasts nor for certaine moneths space abroad alwaies remitting more of this austeritie as the three yeares grow neerer an end They vse not the same apparell house-hold furniture salutations They colour part of the Paper in which they write with another colour They obserue not their wonted proper names but call themselues otherwise as Disobedient or such like Musick is banished their dyet is hard When the corpes is to bee buried all the kindred come together being re-invited with another Libell in mourning habit The pompe is in manner of Procession diuers Statues of Men and Women Elephants Tygres and Lyons all of Paper diuers-coloured and gilded goe before which at the graue are burned A long rancke of Priests also attend which performe many Rites by the way pattering their prayers and playing on Tymbrels Pipes Cymballs Bells and other Instruments Likewise huge Censers of Bell-metall are carried on mens shoulders Then followes the Coffin adorned sumptuously carried of forty or fifty Bearers vnder a great Canopie of Silke The children come after on foot leaning on their staues as fainting Then then the women vnseene vnder a white curtaine and then other women further in bloud carryed in mourning chayres They assemble as many Priests as they can which on musicall Instruments and with their voyces tune their mournefull Ditties The place whither the corps is carried is adorned with diuers Images The Coffin is very large the
Naturne then for Religion they abhorre They differ in countenance from the Chinois Perera saith hee saw at Fuquien certaine Moores who could say little of their Religion but Mahomet was a Moore my father was a Moore and I am a Moore with some other words of their Alcoran wherewithall in abstinence from Swines flesh they liue saith he vntill the Diuell take them all He reasoned with them because hee had in many Chinish Cities seene the Reliques of Mahomet kept and they answered That they came in great ships fraught with Merchandize from Paquin-ward to a Port appointed to them by the King where they conuerted to their Religion the chiefe Mandarine or Loytia whereupon the people began to turne Mahumetan They now waxing bolder prohibited the eating of Swines flesh the peoples chiefe food who hereby prouoked complayned of a conspiracie betwixt these Moores and the Loytia against their King Hereupon hee and the chiefe of them were executed and the rest dispersed into certaine Cities where they remained slaues to the King Touching Christians in China there is not so great certaintie Certaine Mogores told Ricius of some in the Xensian Prouince in the North parts of China at a place called Xucheo which were white bearded vsed Bells worshipped Isa that is Iesus and Mary and honored the Crucifix their Priests married which cured diseases without medicines A Iew at Paquin gaue more full intelligence that at Caifumfu and at Lincin in the Prouince of Sciantum and in the Prouince of Sciansi there liued certaine strangers whose ancesters had come out of forraine parts which worshipped the Crosse which the Chinois expresse by the Character of Ten and made the signe thereof with the finger on their meate and drinke They also made the same signe with inke on the foreheads of their children to preserue them from misfortunes A Iesuite also saw in the hands of an Antiquary a Bel with a Church and Crosse thereon grauen circumscribed with Greeke letters The Iew also reported that those Crosse-worshippers had the same doctrine in their prayers which the Iewes held this the Iesuites interpreted of the Psalter common to them both Hee affirmed that there were many of them in the Northren prouinces which so flourished in letters and armes that they grew suspicious to the Chinois which he thought was caused by the Saracens some sixty yeeres before The Magistrates were so incensed hereby that they for feare were dispersed some turning Iewes some Saracens others Idolaters and their Temples were also conuerted into Idolatrous Temples one of which he mentioned in his countrey Euer since they hide their profession and when the Iesuits sent one of their Conuerts to make enquity hee could learne of none which they thought proceeded from their feare taking him for a Spie sent from the Magistrates All these Sects the Chinois call Hoei the Iewes distinguished by their refusing to eate the sinew or leg the Saracens Swines flesh the Christians by refusing to feede on round-hoosed beasts Asses Horses Mules which all both Chinois Saracens and Iewes doe there feed on The Saracens called the Christians also Isai as before and Terzai which is a name giuen in Persia to the Armenian Christians as an Armenian affirmed to Ricius whence hee coniectured that these Christians came out of Armenia And by the report of Haithon the Armenian which saith their King came to the Great Chan of Cathay which wee haue before obserued at least the best parts thereof to be the North parts of China to perswade him and his to become Christians which in great part also he affected besides other Christians there reported to bee by Paulus and those of Sarnau subiect to the Great Chan mentioned by Vertomannus which seeme to be neere these in China The Malabar Christians haue Chaldee memorialls of China conuerted by S. Thomas and their Metropolitan hath his style of all India and China Now for the later Christianitie there preached by the Iesuites their owne Commentaries and annuall Epistles are full Xauerius attempted it often and earnestly but could neuer obtaine entrance which by others of that societie was after affected and with much trouble effected When the Portugalls came first into those parts the Chinois were suspicious of them their Ordnance and great shippes seeming dreadfull The Saracens told them they were called Franks so they call all the Europaeans since the Expedition of Godfrey of Bullen which name the Chinois in Canton still giue them calling them and their Ordnance Falanks pronouncing l for r as th for d p for b and by relating the Conquests of Malacca and other places in India brought them into greater iealousie Yet couetousnesse of gaine opened them a way first to merchandise in a desart Iland called Sancian seauenty myles off in the Sea and after to a habitation assigned them in a Peninsula part of a greater Iland neere to China called of an Idoll Ama there honored Amacao or Amas harbour shortly Mocao which since that time hath beene inhabited by people of diuers Nations together with the Portugalls and hath become a Citie with a Bishops See and a Colledge of Iesuites and a famous Mart of Europaean and Indian commodities After that they admitted them traffique in the chiefe Citie of Canton two dayes sayling from Macao whereby they found meanes by degrees to bring in first Ruggerus and after Ricius with other Iesuites which insinuating by gifts and obsequiousnesse into the Magistrates affections furthered the same by reputation of Sanctitie and especially of Learning Many yeeres they spent to little purpose till Ricius by his Mathematikes and the Art of Memorie in both which the Chinois admired him then by changing his habit into that of the Learned men in China professing also a maintenance of the Sect of Confusius which they professed and confutation of the Idoll Sects and lastly by presents to the King he made way into the Kings Palace fauour who also bestowed an Idoll Temple for his buriall and the Residence of his Societie Many troubles they encountred meane while to get or to keepe their Residences that inhospitall people sometimes accusing them to the Magistrats with deuised Calumnies sometimes tumultuously stoning their houses sometimes charging them to be the cause of Dearth or that their Idols sent them not raine calling them Deuill strangers fathering on them curious Arts not only of Alchymie and Long life which they honour but others as that they knew by mens countenance that they had a precious stone in their heads to I know not what purposes that they plotted deuices against the state the Crucifix was accused also as deuised by inchantments to destroy the King The Hollanders likewise among other their infestations of the Portugalls in all the parts of India brought these of Macao into such feare that they went about to Compasse some part of their Towne with a Wall which the Chinois there dwelling thinking to be done against them caused such an
hee appointeth with twentie thousand Horse and two hundred and fiftie thousand Foot The Country is compassed with the high Hills of Iangoma Brema or Brama and Aua and is it selfe plaine in situation and fertilitie caused by inundation like to Egypt The Lai are tributaries to Siam for feare of the Gueoni Caniballs and Man-eaters liuing in the Mountaines adiacent against whom the Siamite defendeth them and inuaded those Gueoni one time with twentie thousand Horse two hundred and fiftie thousand Footmen and ten thousand Elephants for Carriages and Warre Caesar Frederike reporteth That in the yeere 1567. the King of Pegu besieged the King of Siam his chiefe Citie with an Armie of one million and foure hundred thousand men and lay before it one and twentie moneths and had fiue hundred thousand fresh Souldiers sent him in supply end yet had not preuailed if treason had not more furthered his designes then force The gates were one night set open and the Peguans entred which when the Siamite perceiued hee poysoned himselfe leauing his children and Kingdome a prey to the Conquerer whose triumphall returne Fredericke then in Pegu beheld Since that time the Kings of Siam haue been tributaries to Pegu After this Peguan had reigned seuen and thirtie yeeres he left his Kingdomes but not his fortunes to his sonne who taking displeasure against the Siamite his vassall sent for him to come to him which hee refused And therevpon he entred into his Country with nine hundred thousand men and besieged him in his chiefe Citie which hee seeking politike delayes made semblance still to deliuer vntill in the third moneth after which was March the Riuer ouerflowed the Countrey sixe score miles about after his yeerely custome and partly drowned partly committed to the Siamites attending in Boats for this booty to be slaughtered that huge Army of which scarce threescore and ten thousand returned to Martavan and those without Elephants and Horses And when the King of Pegu proceeded in his attempts with like successe the Siamite at last besieged him in Pegu his royall Citie Ann. 1596. But hearing a rumor of the Portugals comming to helpe him hee raised his siege These are the reports of Franciscus Fernandes a Iesuite Of the Peguan we shall speake more in the next Chapter Peter Williamson Floris a Dutchman which liued long in the East Indies employed first by his Countrey-men afterwards by the English hath giuen vs the latest intelligence of these parts When Siam saith he was tributarie to Pegu the two brothers sonnes to the King of Siam brought vp in the Court of Pegu made an escape home Where the eldest called in the Malaya tongue Raia Api that is fierie King by others the blacke King had such successe against Pegu as yee haue heard and Pegu falling raised himselfe to high fortunes subiecting the Kingdomes of Camboia Laniangh Lugor Patane Tenesary and diuers others This victorious King deceased Ann. 1605. and dying without issue left the Throne to his brother which was termed the White King of peaceable and milde disposition He lying on his death-bed Anno 1610. by the instigation of Iockrommeway one of his principall Lords who sought to deriue the succession vpon himselfe caused his eldest sonne to be slaine being a young man of great hope Yet his brother the second son succeeded and gaue Iockrommeway his desert This man had besides other slaues two hundred eightie Iapanders which to reuenge their masters death ran in ioynt furie to the Court and possessed themselues of the young King whom they compelled to commit vnto their massacring hands foure chiefe men as the authors of their masters death and after many other abuses forced Him to subscribe to a composition of their owne making and to giue them some of the chiefe Palapos or Priests for hostages and so departed with a great treasure vsing much violence at their departure the Siamites as meere spectators daring nothing to the contrary The King of Siam sent to the Iapanian Emperour to complaine of this insolence who promised to send these Iapanians to Him there to receiue their due punishment Generall Saris then in Iapan saw the men going to the Court as hee came from thence Vpon this newes the Kingdomes of Camboya and Laniangh rebelled and also one Banga de laa a Peguer who in the yeere 1613. reuolted to the King of Aua and came to him with fifty thousand of his country-men before subiect to the King of Siam The King of Laniangh made also an Expedition into Siam within three dayes iourney of Oudija hoping to find the Countrey still intangled with the Iaponian slaues but was met by the King of Siam and forced to retire But the report was saith hee that the two Kings had combined in league against the Siamite to dispossesse him being then of two and twentie yeeres which yet without intestine rebellion they are not able to effect On August the fourth 1612. the English arriued at Siam the town being thirty leagues vp the riuer Septemb. seuenteenth they had audience of the King who granted them free trade and a faire house The Country at this time of raining was couered with water October the twentie six they had such a storme that old folkes had not seene the like which besides other harmes blew downe the Kings fathers faire Monument Their ship was neere a wrack but by great care and paines was saued fiue of the company being drowned of which they supposed one to be deuoured of a Whale The Kings in the Indies are all Merchants none at Siam might buy any commodities till the King had first serued his owne turne §. III. Of the Kingdome of Malacca MAlacca is now subiect to the Portugals if not since our last intelligence taken from them by the Kings of Achin and Ior who held it in siege as the same went conquered by Alphonsus Albuquerke or Albiecher so King Emanuel in his Letter to Pope Leo containing all this exploit termeth him who was their greatest Conquerour in the Indies subduing more to that scepter then all before him or since Iohn de Barros relates at large the founding and proceeding of this City who writes that some two hundred and fiftie yeeres before the Portugals arriuall in the Indies it was first founded Anciently Cingapura was the chiefe place of trade habitation in all that coast which lies in the most Southerly point of all Asia about halfe a degree North from the Aequinoctiall then resorted to by the Merchants of China Camboia and the rest of the continent many Ilands to the East and West which they called Dibananguin and Atazanguin that is Leuant and Ponent or vnder the winds West and beyond the winds East all the Nauigation in those parts being by the Monsons or certaine winds which obserue their set seasons of the yeere In those times reigned in Cingapura one Sangesinga and in the neighbouring parts of Iaua one Paraerisae who dying left to
then remained Lord of Pegu But the Kings of Siam and Iangoma preuented his enterprise for Tangu which they inuaded to depriue him of his Treasures The King of Siam twice assailed Martauan with repulse whereupon hee caused two of his cowardly Captaines to bee cast into Cauldrons of scalding Oyle and the third time conquered that Kingdome Peter Williamson Floris hath giuen vs later relations Hee reports that the King of Pegu had in his flourishing greatnesse twentie Kings subiect to him which fell to the Siamite Raia Api before mentioned Hee besieged Vnxa or Pegu two Moneths without effect Dearth and death made Pegu resigne himselfe to the King of Tangu that so he might also preuent the King of Arracan who comming with his power tooke the Citie and the Countrey The King of Tangu agreed with him to restore certaine Treasures the white Elephant and the Kings daughter both which I saw saith Floris in Arracan Anno 1608. and the King of Pegu or else that he himselfe would kil him which he afterwards did with a pilon wherewith they stampe their Rice as being free I know not by what Art against any stabbing Thus came this Empire after the destruction of many millions of Peguans to desolation that at this day there is no remembrance of it The King of Arracan gaue the Towne or Fort of Siriangh on the Riuer of Pegu to the Portugals in keeping especially to Philip de Britto de Nicote whom hee stiled Xenga that is honest who scarcely so proued for three or foure yeeres after taking this Kings sonne prisoner hee made him ransome him at 110000. Tangans and ten Galeas of Rice after that growing insolent and caring for no bodie But in March 1613. the King of Aua tooke Siriangh and slew all the Portugals and spitted or otherwise tortured as the Fame went this Philip de Britto This King gaue order for the building vp againe of the old Towne and called together the Peguers making them many faire promises and so went forward to Tenesseryn where Banya came to him with fiftie thousand Peguans before subiect to Siam Thus farre Floris Some tell of this white Elephant for so they speake as if there were but one whereas Fitz Balbi and Frederike saw foure but it seemes one was of principall estimation that it was obserued with no lesse honour then the King and came not abroad without great pompe It hath beene a dismall and disastrous Beast to fiue or six Kings which had the possession thereof all hauing Tragicall ends The King of Arracan Anno 1599. returned home in triumph this white Elephant richly adorned going before the Brother and two Sonnes of the King of Pegu following Iarric writes that the King of Pegu yeelded himselfe his Wife and thirteene children three other the King of Arracan had two sonnes in hostage and a daughter in marriage to his sisters husband the King of Tangu trusting the rather to his fidelitie because when his eldest Sonne had forsaken him and gone to Tangu in hope of the Queene his Aunts fauour Shee caused his losse of loyaltie to be punished with the losse of his head Tangu killed all this royall Family Martauan before mentioned was a goodly Peguan Kingdome but by wars was brought into like miseries The Region was so fertile that it yeelded three Haruests in a yeere and sent yeerely fifteene Ships to Malaca as many to Cochin laden with Rice the Woods abounded with excellent fruits the Hearbes and shrubs were generally odoriferous or medicinall diuers kindes there grew of Rices not like to ours store of Pines and Tecam a Wood not subiect to rottennesse A Countrey rich in Mines of Iron Lead Steele Brasse Siluer Gold and Rubies Springs and Riuers Indian Palmes and Sugar-Canes The Forrests had Buffolos Harts Boares wild the Hauen open at all times of the yeere and not choaked with sand as vsually in the Indian Winter The Citie stands in 16. degrees of great trading a temperate ayre the Megrim is vnknowne nor Physicions The King Bannalaius ninetie nine yeeres of age who with his Heire apparant were chased out of the Kingdome and hid themselues in the Forrests as before that time aboue two hundred thousand of their Subiects had done onely three thousand staying with the King Thus haue you heard of the power and subuersion of this great Monarchie so much the more lamentable because their fall was from such a height The Countrey is so fertile that at what time soeuer corne be put into the ground the payment is good with increase I haue seene with mine eyes saith Caesar Fredericke that they haue eaten Serpents Scorpions all manner of hearbes and grasse Such fertility and such stomackes as they make credible the reports of their huge Armies so doe they make more terrible the reports of their desolations This that I speake of their dyet I vnderstand not of their extreamitie and famine but ordinarily Master Fitch saith the same that they eate Roots Hearbs Leaues Dogs Cats Rats and Snakes they refuse almost nothing §. III. Of the Peguan Rites and Customes IT is aboue a hundred yeeres since Vertomannus was there who in company of a Persian Merchant went to visit the King who then had wars in Aua. They went in a Boat all of one piece of wood fifteene or sixteene paces long The Oares were Canes and the Mast was one Cane as big as a Herring Barrell The King wore as many Iewels as were worth a great Citie which made him in the night time to shine as the Sunne Hee had a sacrifice to doe to the Deuill and the next day the Persian presented him with rich Corralls which hee tooke in so good worth that he gaue him as many Rubies as were worth a hundred thousand Duckets Some yeeres before Hieronymo de Sancto Stephano found him in the same warres with Aua and saith of him that hee had ten thousand Elephants and bred or brought vp euery yeere fiue hundred The King that liued when M. Fitch was there Sonne to the Conqueror had one Wife and three hundred Concubines of whom hee was said to haue fourescore and ten Children He sate in iudgement almost euery day They vse no speech in their Sutes but giue vp their Supplications written in the leaues of a tree with the point of an yron bigger then a bodkin These leaues are of an Ell long and two Inches broad they are also double Hee which giueth in his Supplication standeth a little off with a present which if the King granteth his request he accepteth if not he returneth with his present They kneele downe thrice lifting vp their hands and kisse the ground thrice this they doe foure times before they come where the King sits who speakes by an Interpreter and not immediatly to the Suppliant who with these Rombees so they call these kneelings present their gifts ouer their heads His Guard lies prostrate to the earth Pegu is or at least in a
more vnhappy tense when they were there was a Citie great strong and very faire with walls of Stone and great Ditches round about it with many Crocodiles in them There are two Townes the old in which the Merchants abide and the houses are made of Canes called Bambos and the new for the King and his Nobilitie the Citie is so subiect to fire that euery day Proclamation is made to take heed to their fire The Citie is square with faire walls hauing in each Square fiue Gates besides many Turrets for Centinels to watch made of wood and gilded very faire The Streets are strait as a line from one Gate to another and so broad that ten or twelue men may ride a-front through them On both sides at euery mans doore is set a Coco-tree yeelding a faire shew and comfortable shaddow that a man might walke in the shade all day The houses are made of Wood and couered with Tiles The Kings house is in the midst walled and ditched about and the houses within of Wood sumptuously wrought and guilded And the house wherein his Pagode or Idoll standeth is couered with Tiles of Siluer and all the walls are guilded with Gold Within the first gate of the Kings house was a large roome on both sides whereof were houses made for the Kings Elephants Among the rest hee had foure white Elephants a thing rare in Nature but more precious in his estimation For this is part of his Royall Title The King of the white Elephants And if any other hath any he will seeke by fauour or force to haue the same which some say was the cause of the quarrell betwixt him and the King of Siam Great seruice was done vnto them Euery one of these white Elephants stood in an house guilded with Gold and were fed in vessels of Siluer gilt One of them as hee went euery day to the Riuer to bee washed passed vnder a Canopie of Cloth of Gold or Silke carried by sixe or eight men as many going before playing on Drums or other Instruments At his comming out of the Riuer a Gentleman washed his feet in a Siluer Bason There were of blacke Elephants nine Cubits high The King was said to haue aboue fiue thousand Elephants of Warre There was about a mile from Pegu a place builded with a faire Court in it to take wilde Elephants in a Groue which they doe by the female Elephants trained to this purpose and anointed with a certaine Oyle which causeth the wilde Elephant to follow her When the Hunts-men haue brought the Elephant neere to the Citie they send word thereof and many Horse-men and Foot-men come out and cause the female to take a streight way which leadeth to the place where shee entereth and hee after her for it is like a Wood. When they are in the gate is shut and they get out the female The wilde one seeing himselfe alone weepeth and runneth against the walles which are made of strong trees some of them breake their teeth therewith Then they pricke him with sharpe Canes and cause him to goe into a strait house and there fasten him with a rope and let him fast three or foure dayes and then bring a femall to him with meat and drinke within few dayes taming him When they goe into the Warres they set a frame of wood vpon their backes bound with great Cordes wherein sit foure or six men which fight with Guns Darts Arrowes and other weapons All Authors agree that no beast commeth so neere the reason of a man as the Elephant yea they seeme to goe before some men in conceit haughtinesse desire of glory thankefulnesse c. The Peguans are beardlesse and carrie pinsers about them to plucke out the hayres if any grow They blacke their teeth for they say a Dogge hath white teeth The men of Pegu Aua Iangoma and Brama weare balls in their yards which they put in the skinne being cut and weare for euery childe one till they haue three and may take them out at pleasure the least as bigge as any Wall-nut the biggest as bigge as a little Hennes Egge They were inuented to preuent Sodomie which they vse more then any people in the world Abusing the Male-Sexe causeth the women also to weare scant clothes that as they goe their thigh is seene bare to prouoke men to lust Both these were ordained by a certaine Queene for those causes and are still obserued If the King giue any one of his Balles it is a great Iewell accounted they heale the place in sixe or eight dayes The Bramans that are of the Kings bloud pricke some part of their skinne and put therein a blacke colour which lasteth alway If any Merchant resort thither hee shall haue many maydes saith Linschoten offered him by their parents to take his choyse and hauing agreed with their parents hee may for the time of his abode vse her as his slaue or his Concubine without any discredit to her Yea if hee come againe after shee is marryed hee may for the time hee stayeth there demaund her in like sort to his vse And when a man marrieth hee will request some of his friends to lye the first night with his Bride There are also among them that sow vp the priuie part of their Daughters leauing onely passage for Vrine which when they marry passe vnder the Surgeons hand for remedie Gasper Balby and Got. Arthus tell of another custome of their Virgins if that name may bee giuen them For saith hee Virgines in hoc regno omnino nullas reperire licet Puellae enim omnes statim à pueritia sua medicamentum quoddam vsurpant quo muliebria distenduntur aperta continentur idque propter globulos quos in virgis viri gestant illis enim admittendis virgines arctiores nullo modo sufficerunt Their money is called Ganza and is made of Copper and Leade which euery man may stampe that will Gold and Siluer is merchandise and not money The tides of the Sea betweene Martauan and Pegu by Caesor Fredricke are reputed the greatest wonder which hee saw in his trauels being so violent that the ayre is filled with noyse and the earth quaketh at the approach of this watery element shooting the Boats that passe therewith as arrowes which at a high water they suffer not to anchor in the Channell which would betray them to the deuouring iawes of the returning tide but draw them toward some Banke where they rest in the ebbe on dry land as high vpon the Channels bottome as any house top And if they arriue not at their certaine stations they must backe againe whence they came no place else being able to secure them And when it encreaseth againe it giueth them their calls or salutations the first waue washeth ouer the Barke from stemme to sterne the second is not so furious the third raiseth the Anchor In Negrais in Pegu diuers people dwell in Boates which they call
of diuers formes kept closely that none may see what others haue prouided till the Day These are made of Indian Reedes carued and gilded and on the Festiuall presented to the King who praiseth the most artificiall of them All that night huge lights of Waxe are burnt in honor of their Idoll whose Feast it is that all may see to haue accesse to him to which end the Citie gates are lest open But none may approach vnto him emptie-handed They haue a Feast of Watering celebrated in the old Citie where the King Queene and his Children with Rose-water sprinkle one another And all the Captaines likewise besprinkle each other that they seeme as wet as if they came out of a Riuer It is said of the last Kings Father that when the people were thus washing he would send amongst them an Elephant which slew many of them whereat he laughed the people lamented Another Feast they haue wherein they haue a triall of their Ships which can saile best this Feast lasteth a moneth A fifth Feast is called Giaitnosegienon in honor of a certaine Idoll They haue many other Feasts but these the most solemne Antony Correa a Portugall concluding a league with the King of Pegu the Kings Deputie caused the Articles of accord written in Portugall and Pegu-languages with golden Letters to bee read aloud and then rent the scrole and with a few leaues of an odoriferous tree caused the same to bee burned to ashes vpon which hee laid both hands of the Priest who in the Name of the King sware to those Articles These things being done with great attention and silence Correa loth in a superstitious fancie to defile Holy Writ with confirmation of an Oath to a Gentile sware on a Booke of amarous Sonnets to keepe inuiolable the said Articles In the yeere of our Lord 1585. the King of Aua rebelling as is before shewed the King of Pegu by single combate slew the Traytor The fight was on Elephants in which the Pegusians Elephant and the Auan Prince died The liuing Elephant was preferred to the place of the former but in fifteene dayes space let the beastlinesse of Men imitate the humanitie of a beast hee sorrowed so for his Master that nothing might comfort him And although hee had continually two seruants attending him and telling him of his amended estate vnder a mightier Master yet would he scarce cease to weepe or begin to eate till his fifteene dayes exequies were finished Bomferrus a Franciscan spent three yeeres in learning the Pegu's Language and Mysteries that hee might preach the Christian Religion amongst them but was soone forced to giue ouer and returne into India For they could not endure to heare any better Knowledge then they had This was Anno 1557. Crocodiles and Apes are accounted holy and sacred creatures for which cause Apes multiply exceedingly none taking them except for the vse of their Varelles or Temples where they tye them and keepe them with diligent respect And though the Crocodiles in the Town-ditch deuoure men daily yet in a blind zeale they will drinke no other water accounting this holy and account their soules certainly saued whose bodies are thus certainly lost and deuoured of those Beasts which sometimes are thirtie foot in length one of which Balby saw draw in a woman and not a day but some were said to be deuoured till the King caused one of those which was obserued to be most manslaying to be slaine The Kings subiect to the King of Pegu did their homage and presented themselues before him kneeling yea they not only kneeled to him but to his white Elephants also When the King dyeth they make two Ships with golden couers and betwixt them erect a golden Theatre in which they place the corpes applying thereto Musk and the most sweet Woods with other things and so set forth the same to Sea setting that Theatre or Pageant on fire In one of the Ships or Tallapois which sing till they thinke the bodie to bee consumed to ashes Then doe they make a masse or lumpe of these ashes and milke and commit the same to Sea in the Hauen of Sirian at an ebbing water The bones which remaine they carrie to another place and there erecting a Chappell doe burie the same therein After this they returne to the Palace and according to the accustomed Rites inaugurate the new King The father of that King whose Tragedie yee haue heard had his bones buried in Dogon In Iamahey or Iangoma fiue and twentie dayes iourney from Pegu when the people be sicke they make a vow to offer meat vnto the Deuil if they escape and when they be recouered they make a Banquet with many Pipes and Drummes and many other Instruments and dancing all the night Their friends bring them presents Cocos Figges Arreoues and other Fruits and with great dancing and reioycing they offer to the Deuill and say They giue the Deuill to eate and driue him out and to this end in their dancing they crie and hallow very loud Likewise when they be sicke a Tallipoy or two euery night doth sit by them and sing to please the Deuill that hee should not hurt them When one is dead hee is carryed vpon a great Frame as is said before of the Tallipoys made like a Tower with a couering all gilded made of Canes carried by fourteene or sixteene men with great Minstrelsie to a place out of the Towne and there is burned He is accompanied with all his friends and neighbours all Men and they giue to the Tallipoys or Priests many Matts and Cloth and then returne to the house where they feast it two dayes which being expired the Women accompanie the wife to the place where hee was burned and there spend a while in mourning Then doe they gather the pieces of bones which bee left vnburned and burie them and then returne to their houses The neere of kindred doe also shaue their heads both men and women CHAP. VI. Of Bengala and the parts adioyning and of the holy Riuer Ganges §. I. Of Bengala THe Kingdome of Bengala is very large and hath of Coast one hundred and twentie leagues and as much within Land Francis Fernandes measureth it from the Confines of the Kingdome of Ramu or Porto Grande to Palmerine ninetie miles beyond Porto Pequene in all six hundred miles long The Riuer Chaberis which some call Guenga and thinke to bee the ancient Ganges watereth it it is plentifull in Rice Wheat Sugar Ginger Long-pepper Cotton and Silke and enioyeth a very wholsome ayre The Inhabitants neere the shoare are for the most part Mahumetans and so also was the King before the Great Magore one likewise of his owne Sect conquered Him Gouro the seat Royall and Bengala are faire Cities Of this the Gulfe sometimes called Gangeticus now beareth name Golfo di Bengala Chatigan is also reckoned amongst their Cities They are a most subtile and wicked people and are
Negariot in Summer for in their Winter they cannot passe for Snowes They are like in colour and haire to men of these parts The Bengalans haue a Tradition or Fable amongst them That this Riuer commeth out of Paradise which was proued by one of their Kings who sent men vp the streame till they came to a pleasant Ayre still Water and fragrant Earth and could row no further Hence happily grew this conceit That this Water should wash away sinne and that without it they cannot be saued This Riuer hath in it Crocodiles which by water are no lesse dangerous then the Tygres by land and both will assault men in their Ships There is also a little small Beast which by his barking maketh the Tyger to run away The King of Candecan which lyeth at the mouth of Ganges caused a Iesuite to rehearse the Decalogue who when he reproued the Indians for their polytheisme worshipping so many Pagodes Hee said That they obserued them but as among them their Saints were worshipped to whom how sauoury the Iesuites distinction of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was for his satisfaction I leaue to the Readers iudgement This King and the others of Bacala and Arracan haue admitted the Iesuites into their Countries and most of these Indian Nations §. IIII. Of Arracan and the Warres betwixt them and the Portugals BEtwixt the King of Arracan and the Portugals haue beene late warres not vnworthy Relation because they serue for better knowledge of all the Countries adiacent The King of Arracan or Rachim so Fredericke cals it had giuen to Philip de Britto the keeping of Syrian as before is expressed which he fortifying became suspicious to the King this was one cause of war and another the Portugals surprisall of the I le Sundiua sixe leagues distant from the Continent of Bengala ouer-against Siripur This Iland Fredericke admires for the cheapnesse and plentie of necessaries where he bought two salted Kine for a Larine which is twelue shillings and sixe pence very good and fat foure wilde Hogs readie dressed at the same price a fat Hen for a peny and yet the People said they paid twice the worth other commodities at like price It belonged to the Kingdome of Bengala distant a hundred and twentie miles from Chatigan the people Moores It is thirtie leagues in compasse so strong by Nature that they may hinder any from landing Two hundreth Ships are yeerely laden from hence with salt The Mogols with the Conquest of Bengala had possessed Sundiua Cada-ragi still continuing his Title vnder colour whereof Carualius and Matus two Portugals conquered it An. 1602. Heereat the King of Arachan was angry that without his leaue they had made themselues Lords of that which hee challenged to belong to his protection fearing that by this meanes and the fortification of Sirian he should finde the Portugals vn-neighbourly Neighbours Hee sent therefore a Fleet of a hundred and fiftie Frigats or little Galleys with fifteene Oares on a side and other greater furnished with Ordnance and Cadaray which they say was true Lord of it sent a hundred Cossi from Siripur to helpe Him The Portugals preuailed and became Masters of a hundred and nine and fortie of the Enemies Vessels In this time Britto had built his Fort at Sirian and founded a Towne for the dispersed Peguans which had here assembled to the number of 15000. The Saracens enuying herear proferred the King of Arracan a great reuenue to commit this Hauen to them Britto obiected That so the Mogol would swallow all Manasingua the Gouernour of Bengala hauing promised to King Achebar to bring Him the White Elephant in Arracan adding great gifts to the King and his Councellors At the same time a Peguan Bagna that is a Great Man or Ruler by the Kings Command and Letters commendatorie to Britto kept in Pegu But Britto fearing the Peguans would cleaue to their Countrey-man An. 1603. besiegeth and taketh his Fortresse slayeth three hundred of his Companie Captiuing nine hundred Whereupon the Peguans which had followed him reuolted to Britto viz. two hundred Ships twentie Horses and great store of prouision with the Haruest which the Bagua had sowne then on the ground Hee with fifteene of his Company escaped perhaps the same which before out of Floris wee haue mentioned Britto now grew great and in the Portugall name made League with the Kings of Tangu Iangoma Siam and Prom for their ioynt ayde against Arracan if he should be besieged He went also to Goa to acknowledge fealtie to the Crowne of Portugall for the Kingdome of Pegu whence he brought with him sixteen Gallies and three hundred Portugals to the defence of Sirian with which and a hundred others of the Portugals threescore at Sundiua thirtie at Arracan and ten at Chatigan he easily thought to become Master of those Seas A matter of great consequence where they might haue all matter for shipping which caused the Great Turke once to prouide here at an easier charge carried from hence to Sues then from Alexandria and here they might both build their Fleets and be furnished of sustenance might send at any time to all places in the South which from Goa cannot be done but with the Monsons and might cause that no Ship of Moores should lade Pepper Cinamon or other commodities at Martauan Reitau Iuncalao Tanassarin and Queda for Surat or Mecca but with custome to them and passe from them The King of Arracan foreseeing such astorme prouided a Nauie of a thousand saile the most Frigats some Greater Catures and Cosses and assailed the Portugal Fleet at Sundiua vnder Carualius who had but sixteene of diuers sorts of shipping which staid by him and yet got the victorie neere two thousand of the Enemies being slaine a hundred and thirtie of their Vessels burnt with the losse but of six Portugals Which so vexed the King of Arracan that he put many of the Captaines in Womens habit vpbraiding their effeminate courages which had not brought one Portugall with them aliue or dead Yet were the Portugall Ships so torne that they were forced for feare of another tempest to forsake the Iland and to transport that which there they had to Siripur Bacala and Chandecan in the Continent and thus Sundiua became subiect to Arracan Carualius staid at Suripur where he had thirtie Fusts or Frigates with Cadary Lord of the place where he was suddenly assaulted with one hundred Cosses sent by Manasinga Gouernor vnder the Mogol who hauing subiected that Tract to his Master sent forth this Nauie against Cadaray Mandaray a man famous in those parts being Admiral where after a bloudie fight Mandaray was slain Carualius carried away the honor From thence recouering of a wound in the late fight He went to Golin or Gullum a Portugall Colony vp the streame from Porto Pequino where hee won a Castle of the Mogors kept by
of the Magistrate and sell him for a slaue The Moores will sometimes make semblance as if they would kill themselues that these foolish Guzzarates may see them in like sort They will go out of the path if they light on an Ant-hill lest they might happily treade on some of them they sup by day-light lest their candle-light should occasion the death of some Gnat or Fly And when they must needs vse a Candle they keepe it in a Lanthorne for that cause If Lice doe much annoy them they call to them certaine Religious and holy men after their account and these Obseruants will take vpon them all those Lice which the other can find and put them on their head there to nourish them But yet for all this lousie scruple they sticke not at coozenage by false weights measures and coyne nor at vsury and lies Some are said to be so zealous in their Idol-seruice as to sacrifice their liues in their honour whereunto they are perswaded by the preachings of their Priests as the most acceptable deuotion Many offer themselues which being brought vpon a scaffold after certaine ceremonies put about his neck an Iron coller round without but within very sharpe from which hangeth a chaine downe his brest into which sitting downe he putteth his feet and whiles the Priest muttereth certaine words the party before the people with all his force stretcheth out his feet and cuts off his head their reward is that they are accounted Saints CHAP. IX Of the Indian Nations betwixt Cambaia and Malabar and their Religions §. I. Of the seasons of the yeeres and of the parts next to Cambaya THe mightie Riuers of Indus and Ganges paying their fine to the Lord of waters the Ocean almost vnder the very Tropick of Cancer do as it were betwixt their watery armes present into that their Mothers bosome this large Chersonesus A Countrey full of Kingdomes riches people and our dewest taske superstitious customes As Italy is diuided by the Apennine and bounded by the Alpes so is this by the Hils which they call Gate which goe from East to West but not directly and quite thorow to the Cape Comori which not only haue entred league with many In-lets of the Sea to diuide the soyle into many Signiories and Kingdomes but with the Ayre and Natures higher officers to dispence with the ordinary orders and established Statues of Nature at the same time vnder the same eleuation of the Sun diuiding to Summer and Winter their seasons and possessions For whereas cold is banished out of these Countries except on the tops of some Hils and altogether prohibited to approach so neere the Court and presence of the Sun and therefore their Winter and Summer is not reckoned by heate and cold but by the fairenesse and foulenesse of weather which in those parts diuided the yere by equall proportions at the same time when on the West-part of this Peninsula betweene that ridge of Mountaines and the Sea it is after their appellation Summer which is from September till April in which time it is alwayes cleere skie without once or very little raining on the other side the hils which they cal the coast of Choromandell it is their Winter euery day and night yeelding abundance of raines besides those terrible thunders which both begin and end their Winter And from April till September in a contrary vicissitude on the Westerne part is Winter and on the Easterne Summer insomuch that in little more then twentie leagues iourney in some place as where they crosse the Hills to Saint Thomas on the one side of the Hill you ascend with a faire Summer on the other you descend attendant with a stormy Winter The like saith Linschoten hapneth at the Cape Rosalgate in Arabia and in many other places of the East Their Winter also is more fierce then ours euery man prouiding against the same as if he had a voyage of so many moneths to passe by Sea their ships are brought into harbour their houses can scarce harbour the Inhabitants against the violent stormes which choake the Riuers with Sands and make the Seas vnnauigable I leaue the causes of these things to the further scanning of Philosophers the effects and affects thereof are strange The Sea roareth with a dreadfull noyse the Windes blow with a certaine course from thence the people haue a Melancholike season which they passe away with play In the Summer the Wind bloweth from the Land beginning at Midnight and continuing till Noone neuer blowing aboue ten leagues into the Sea and presently after one of the clock vntill midnight the contrary winde bloweth keeping their set-times whereby they make the Land temperate the heate otherwise would bee vnmeasurable But this change commonly causeth diseases Fluxes Feuers Vomitings in dangerous and to very many in deadly manner as appeareth at Goa where in the Kings Hospitall which is onely for white men there die fiue hundred in a yeere Here you may see both the North and South Starres and little difference or none is found in the length of day and night throughout the yeere Dely is the next Kingdome to Camboia now not the next but the same the Mountaines which before diuided it not prohibiting the Mogors Forces to annexe it to his Crowne Of it is spoken before in the Chapter of Cambaya as also of Decan which lyeth along the Coast betwixt the Riuers Bate and Aliga two hundred and fiftie miles Here was as is said sometimes a Moore King who leading a voluptuous and idle life by his Captaines was dispossessed of his State the one of these was called Idalcan whose Seat-Royall is Visapore who in the yeere 1572. incamped before Goa which the Portugals had taken from him with an Army of seuenty thousand Foot and fiue and thirty thousand Horse two thousand Elephants and two hundred and fiftie pecces of Artilerie The other was Nizzamalucco which resideth in Danager besieged Chaul now belonging to the Portugals with not much lesse forces against a Captaine of the Venazarie which are a people that liue on spoyle as the Resbuti in Cambaia the Belemi in Delly Canara or Concam seemeth to haue beene a part of Decan but is possessed by the King of Narsinga whose state is on the East side of the Mountaines It hath in it the Coast-townes of Onor Batticalla Mayander and Mangalor famous for trafficke but eclipsed by the Portugals neighbourhood The Religion of these parts is partly Mahumetan partly Heathenish These haue their proper Iolatries as wee haue before noted peculiar Idols and Sects to peculiar Tribes and Trades They haue also more common Rites worshipping the Images of diuers Beasts Elephants Kine Apes and the like to which they dedicate Pagodes or Temples They haue other common deuotions haue appropriated to War to Seed to Fortune to Life to Death seuerall Deities The Deuill they worship in horrible forme as we shall after see for in this confusion
promoted Some denied a multitude of Gods onely allowing that priuiledge to Pyrama Vidhun and Vaitir one of which maketh another keepeth the third destroyeth all things Neere to Madure is an Idoll called Chocanada which by night appeared in a vision to a Priest and bade him goe say to the Naicho of Madure that hee or I must abide in this house whereupon he would not be corriuall with his Idoll but resigned the Palace to him His deuotion is such that euery day while hee sitteth in iudgement a Bramene euer and anon soundeth the name of Aranganassa in his eares and when one is wearie another succeedeth in the same Office neuer ceasing this Idols remembrance although hee there sitteth fiue or sixe houres I thought meete to mention one custome which some report of the Brama or Pope-like Bramene in these parts who by his authority dispenseth with many of their Lawes and dissolueth Marriages giuing libertie at his pleasure to the woman to marrie another which his Dispensation is sealed on her right shoulder with a marke of a hote Iron §. III. Of many other strange Rites And of Saint Thomae CHandagrin is the Royall Seat of the great King of Bisnagar The chiefest Families therein are the Bramenes Raias and Cretius They affirme that their Idoll Perimal did bring foorth the Bramenes out of his head as the Poets tell of Minerua the second out of his brest third out of his belly and all other inferiour Families out of his feet The Bramenes haue some opinions not altogether dissonant from the Scriptures They say That God onely by his thought made a man which they call Adam On the tenth day of Iuly Anno 1600. happened an Eclipse of the Sunne which the Bramenes said was by meanes of the Dragon which they make a Celestiall Signe his byting of the Sunne and Moone whereupon the King and others neither ate nor dranke that day deploring their misery because the Dragon deuoured the Sunne In the Citie Prepeti three miles from Chandagrin is the Feast of Perimal in remembrance of his Marriage at which the Offerings amounted to two hundred thousand Crownes and the Chariot of the Idoll was drawne forth a mile and a halfe in Procession by ten thousand men They haue another Feast of the Kine because they suppose Perimal to bee the Sonne of a Cow and then the wayes and streets are full of that cattle They haue a Feast in honour of the Sunne which lasteth eight dayes solemnized by the Emperour himselfe and he is iudged a Traytor which is not present thereat Then they cast lots the King first and after the rest diuining by Arrowes the next yeeres destinie If an Arrow light on a Tree and being plucked out causeth a red liquor to follow it prognosticateth Warres if white Peace Not farre hence is an Idoll called Tripiti to which are great Pilgrimages and Offerings alwayes they goe some begin and the rest answere and so all continue to resound the name of the Idoll Gaia Before they enter into the Temple they shâ—ue and wash themselues The Heremites which they call Sanasses liue in Desarts and at sometimes appeare before the people naked The Girupi beare a great port and neuer goe forth on foot The Idoll Tripiti is seated on a Mountaine about which are fertile Valleyes stored with Fruites which none may touch as being consecrated There are in the Woods great abundance of Apes so tame that they will take meate out of mens hands the people esteeme them a diuine Race and of the familiaritie of Perimal the chiefe God whom they worship in many colours and shapes as of a Man Oxe Horse Lion Hogge Ducke Cocke c. Francis Fernandes saith that Cidambaram is the Mother-citie of their Pagan Rites wherein are many stately Temples and the reuenue of the Bramenes amounted to 30000. Ducats but now they are payd but 12000. yeerely Here happened a strange accident the same day the Iesuits departed the occasion of which was this There is in this Citie a Temple of Perimal wherein they worship an Ape called Hanimant whom they report to haue beene a God and for I know not what together with many thousands of other Gods to haue remained there being all transformed into Apes Now when this principall Ape was forced to passe into the Iland Zeilan and wanted a ship he leaped and at euery leape left an Iland or heape of Land behind him so making way for his Apish traine to Zeilan The tooth of this Ape was kept for a great relike in that Iland with great resort of Pilgrims thereunto and in the yeere 1554. was by the Portugals who made a roade thither in hope of great bootie taken away The Indian Princes offered the Vice-roy three hundred thousand or as Linschoten telleth seuen hundred thousand Ducats for the ransome of this Apes tooth but the Archbishop disswaded the Vice-roy who thereupon burnt the same before those Indian Embassadors and threw the ashes into the Sea Not long after a Beniane of Cambaya perswaded the Indians that hee by Diuine Power had taken away that holy Tooth beeing inuisibly present and had left another in the roome which was burnt Superstition is credulous and the King of Bisnagar gaue him a great summe of Gold for that Apes Tooth wherewith hee thus Apishly had bitten and mocked them which was after holden in like veneration as the former But to returne to our Cidambaran Historie They tell That an holy man in great penance had many yeeres held his foot pierced thorow with a piece of Iron and when he was often by God commanded to leaue that selfe-rigour he flatly refused vnlesse that hee might see God dancing about him which also Hee condescended vnto and with the Sunne Moone and Starres which played the Musicians he appeared dancing And as he danced a Chaine of Gold fel from his foot whereof this Towne tooke name For Cidambaran signifieth a golden Chaine As Viega and Ricius two Iesuites trauelled to Chaudegrin they came to Trauilur where they say their Idoll with a white Banner on his back and after him three sacred Kine with Drummers on their backes and after them Trumpetters and many Musicians of other sorts Then followed twentie women dancing which were also consecrated to the Idols seruice and might not marry but yet prostitute their bodies these were richly attired and carried Lights The Priests followed with the Idoll and were followed by the people with Lights At their returne they set downe the Idoll and set sodden Rice before him to eate others meane while driuing away the flies and others couering him that hee should not bee seene eating and at last one maketh a long Oration of the worthy acts of their God and then set him againe in his place This lasted foure houres and in the meane space many reasoned with the Iesuits and some held vaine Discourses of the Creation as that there were seuen Seas one of Salt-water the
inclosed Iewes THe Persian Gulfe hath left some remnants of Land extant the chiefe is Ormuz a famous Mart which the Moores there maintayned vnder the gouernment of a Moore after made tributarie to the Portugall which Nature hath made barren Industrie plentifull the more fertile Element yeelds barrennesse and sands the barrenner bringeth in a double wealth Pearles and Merchandise Iohn Newbury which sayled downe Euphrates to this Sea and so to Ormuz visiting Bagdet by the way which he saith is twentie or fiue and twentie miles Southward from old Babylon testifieth of the women in Ormuz that they slit the lower part of their eares more then two inches which hangeth downe to their chin This our Countrey-man dyed in this Trauels hauing trauelled to Constantinople into the blacke Sea and Danubius and through the Kingdomes of Poland and Persia the Indies and other parts of the World But for the description of the passage downe the Riuer Euphrates to the Persian Gulfe I know none which hath done it so exactly as Gasparo Balbi a Venetian which that way passed to Ormuz and India who relateth the same in the Diarie of his Trauels sometimes the Trunkes or Bodies of Trees vnder the water of this Riuer conspiring dangerous attempts sometimes Zelebe and other ouer-hanging Mountaynes threatning ruine and euen now seeming to swallow them in their darke-deuouring jawes sometimes the violence of some steeper Current as it were hurling them into a Whirle-poole alway the Arabians ready attending for prey and spoile One Citie or rather the carkasse of a Citie whereof onely the ruines are remayning stands on the left hand of this Riuer greater in his opinion then Cairo in Egypt the Mariners affirmed to him That by the report of the old men it had three hundred threescore and sixe gates from morning to noone with the helpe of the streame and foure Oares they could scarcely passe one side thereof This is called Elersi perhaps that which was anciently called Edessa Hee speakes of the Caraguoh inhabiting as they passed which agree neither with Turkes Moores nor Persians in their Sect but haue an Heresie by themselues Hee trauelled more then one whole day by one side of old Babylon from Felugia to Bagdad though the ground bee good yet saw hee neither Tree nor greene Herbe but all barren and seeming to retaine some markes of the Prophesies threatned by Esay against this place They which dwell heere and trauell from hence to Balsara carrie with them Pigeons whom they make their Letter-posts to Bagdad as they doe likewise betweene Ormuz and Balsara The coasts of Persia as they sayled in this Sea seemed as a parched Wildernesse without tree or grasse those few people which dwell there and in the Ilands of Lar and Cailon liue on flesh being in manner them selues transformed into the nature of Fishes so excellent swimmers are they that seeing a vessell in the Seas though stormie and tempestuous they will swimme to it fiue or sixe miles to begge almes They eate their fish with Rice hauing no Bread their Cats Hennes Dogges and other Creatures which they keepe haue no other dyet In the Iland of Bairen and those of Gonfiar they take the best Pearles in the world In Muscato threescore miles from Ormuz they dare not fish for them for Fishes which are as cruell to the Men as they to the innocent Oysters They hold that in Aprill the Oysters come to the top of the water and receiue the drops of Raine which then fall wherewith they returne to the bottome againe and therefore fish not till the end of Iuly because that substance is not before ripened and hard In sayling from Ormuz to Diu he saith they passed ouer a Bay of a hundred and thirtie leagues of water white like milke I haue seene an Extract of a Chronicle written by Pachaturunuras which raigned in Ormuz three hundred yeares agoe testifying that one Mahomet being King of Amen in Arabia Foelix pretending title to Persia built a Citie on the Continent of Hormuz which his posteritie held in succession of many generations It happened that King Cabadim flying from the King of Creman came to Iarum that is a Wood so they called this Iland which is almost all of Salt the Riuer being brackish from a salt Mountaine in the middest thereof and the sides of the Riuer white salt Yet there then grew thinne Woods Heere he built Ormuz which Albuquerk made tributarie to the Portugals being Lady of the Ilands thereabouts and principall Staple of Merchandize for those parts of the world Odoricus speaketh of the intollerable heate in those parts and Balby testifieth that neere Balsara many persons die of the extremitie of heat which happened to foure of their company which forced by heat and wearinesse sate downe and with a hot blast of winde were all smothered Ormuz is lately taken from the Portugals by the Persian In the Discourse of these Asian Seas and this Persian among the rest I thought it worthy relating which Luys de Vrreta in his Aetheopian Historie telleth of a certrine Iew though perhaps but a tale for a lyer such as hee hath beene euicted in his Aethiopian Storie loseth his credit where he speakes truth yet euen tales serue for mirth being intermixed with serious histories branded that they may be knowne for Rogues or Iesters Be it as it will he tels that this Iew trauelling alongst the shoare of this Persian Sea by some In-lets and Armes thereof which embay themselues within the Land saw the Sea loftie and swelling by force of the Windes and Tides seeming to threaten the higher Elements but euen now ready to swallow vp the Earth roaring out a loud defiance in such sort that the poore Iew was amazed and dreadfully feared therewith and this continued the space of some dayes whiles the Iew trauelled thereby But on the Saturday and Sabbath Superstition commanded the Iew and Nature the Hand-maid of Diuinitie enioyned the angrie Elements to rest a suddaine calme followed as if Waues and Windes would accompany the Iew in his deuotions and had forgotten their former furie and wonted nature to remember the sanctification of this Day The Iew hauing heard before that there was a Sabbaticall Riuer which some place in Aethiopia some in Phoenicia others they cannot tell where in a credulous fancie perswades himselfe that this Arme of the Sea was that Sabbaticall Streame and that he now saw the experiment of that relation with his eyes Fancie had no sooner affirmed but Superstition sware to the truth and Credulitie tickles him with gratulation of Diuine fauour to himselfe that had liued to see that blessed sight Rauished with this conceit hee fills his Budget full of the Sand which is of a more grosse and cleauing nature then in other places and carrieth it with him as a great treasure vnto the place of his habitation There hee tells his Countreymen that now the Messias would not be long before he came
day an hundred thousand workemen to his exceeding cost and their intollerable slauerie which with their ruines destroyed thousands sixe hundred gilded Images in the Temple of Ianzusangue were cast downe and broken in pieces as many remaining whole It brought vp the Sea a great way vpon the maine Land which is carried backe with it into the Sea not leauing mention that there had beene Land So was the Citie Ochinofama swallowed Famaoqui Ecuro Fingo Cascicanaro the neighbour-Townes attended her in this new Voyage and became Sea The Ships in the Hauen found no more fecuritie but were also deuoured The like happened in the yeere of our Lord 1586. to Nagafama a place frequented with Merchants which the Sea before had enriched then with an Earthquake deuoured the Earth in many places opening such wide mouthes that a Caliuer-shot could scarce reach from the one side to the other belching out of that yawning such a stinke as none were able to passe by The Earth and Sea not onely shooke with feare but bellowed out such roaring cries vnder that blow of their Creators hands as did make the accident more dreadfull Yet was all soone forgotten and Taicosama tell to building of new Palaces Francis Fernandes writeth that in the way from Malacca to Iapan they are encountred with great stormes which they call Tuffons that blow foure and twentie houres beginning from the North to the East and so about the Compasse these happen in Iune and Iuly It is there colde in Nouember December Ianuarie and Februarie because of continuall North and North-west windes Whiles Captayne Saris was there a terrible Tuffon blew downe the houses in Firando turning them ouer with the fire in them which must needs haue fired them but for as strange an accident so much Raine comming withall A Bonzi pretended to haue beene told by their God or Deuill that such a Night their Towne should bee burnt this made such Out-cries euery night the Diuell still prouing a lyar that they could not sleepe That Tuffon sunke diuers Iunkes and did much harme to the Hollanders wharfe bringing vp the Sea so terribly that it made the Earth to shake And yet the yeere after worse harme was related from Edoo by Master Cockes this faire Citie all ouerflowne and the people forced to flee into the Mountaynes the waters taking possession of those gilded Houses and the windes carrying away all the Tiles of the Kings Palace stately builded in His new Fortresse these Tiles all gilded but now none to bee found The Pagans ascribe this to the Charmes of the Iesuites lately banished the Christian Iaponians vnto that persecution Their women are as white as with vs but not well coloured which they supply with Art There are women at Firando which liue in their Boates and take Fish by diuing in eight fathom deepe their Eyes are red by this diuing they easily this way knowne They haue three sorts of Siluer It is with little cost reduced to the Spanish puritie Their houses are floored with Mats and they fringed with Silke Gold or other stuffe The Iapanders confirme and subscribe their compacts and bonds with their Blood Their Siluer is in bars their Gold coyne in long forme Hee that listeth further to bee acquainted with Iaponian affayres may resort to the Epistles of the Iesuites which besides these I haue named are many and of that societie are not many lesse then two hundred in this Iland which also is now become an Episcopall Sea. Some Cities are become wholly Christian if wee beleeue the Iesuites abandoning all their Ethnike Paganisme and Idolatrie would God no leauen were mixed with their Christianitie Peter Martinez their first Bishop tels of aboue twentie thousand in a yeere conuerted to Christian Religion whereas in China they haue found small successe notwithstanding that they there promised to themselues a more plentifull haruest then in any other Nation The first of them was Xauier one of Ignatius first companions and like to haue beene canonized before him too which dyed in China 1552. and lyeth buried at Goa of which Arias Blandonins and the Iesuites tell many strange things But the first finding of this Iland is by Galuanus ascribed to Anthonie Mota and his fellowes 1542. But before these M. Polo writeth of this Iland which hee calleth Xepangu whither Cublai the great Tartarian Can in the yeere 1264. sent two Captaynes to conquer the Iland The windes as angry with the Tartarians and taking part with the Ilanders raised so stormie a Sea that when there were now thirtie thousand of their Companie landed in a little Iland they were forced to put off to Sea and scattered with tempests The Ilanders set foorth a Nauie to take those Tartarians which so confusedly ordered that enterprise that the Tartarians found meanes to make themselues Masters of their enemies Nauie and therewith to sayle away Marcus Paulus reporteth like things of their Idolatrous Religion as you haue heard of Idols with heads of Oxen Hogges and Dogges and other deformed shapes and some with many hands as a testimonie of their great power The enemies which they tooke in warre not able to redeeme themselues hee saith they did eate in solemne Feasts hee addeth that in the Iaponian language Mangi was called Cin as now it is Cina or China I haue presumed to adde a piece of a Letter of Quabacondonus to the Viceroy of India which after other things hath these words Iapan is the Kingdome of Chamis whom wee esteeme to bee the same with Scin which is the beginning of all things This Scin is the substance and very being of all things and all things are one and the same with Scin and into Scin are resolued which in Scina is called Iutto and in Tescincu Buppo In the obseruation of the Lawes of this Chamis consisteth all the politique gouernment of Iapan both inward and outward c. Betweene the Sects of Amida and Xaca happened a late grieuous quarrell Anno 1609. Both Sects number great multitudes and are said in times past to haue numbred betwixt them three thousand Colledges or Monasteries in the Mountaynes not farre from Meaco Their originall was from Sijenoyama a Towne in the said Hilles those of the Amidan Sect were called Fandoxus the other of Xaca Foquexus Now it happened that one of these Foquexus transported with zeale in a Sermon of his had rayled on Amida and his Sectaries which by one of them was soone answered whereupon followed a challenge of Disputation betwixt them which came to the eares of Cubo who followed Amida Hee commanded that both of them should come to Yendo or Edoo to trie the matter before Him where the Foquexus feared the Emperour the rather because hee had shewed the bitternesse of his zeale against one of Cubos Sonnes which hee said being lately dead was now damned for being of Amidas Heresie and rode vp and downe all Iapan without rest appearing heere and there And now could hee speake
dye Experience thereof was the sixt of August 1599. when the Moone was eclipsed about eight of the clocke at night they euery way by crying out by strange gestures praying and beating their Basons and Drummes expressed a lamentable passion of griefe for the feare aforesaid And the eclipse being past when they see that neither the King nor any other is dead they obserue the next day solemnely ly festiuall with publike Procession of old and young of all sorts They esteemed it a Miracle when the Hollanders told them that there were in their Country which could prognosticate of Eclipses long before Columbus vsed the like simplicity of the Iamaicans to his preseruation for when they forsooke him hee threatned vnto them the anger of God whereof they should see an euident token in the darkening of the Moone within two dayes which according to the naturall reuolution of the Heauens knowne to Columbus comming to passe the Ilanders with dread and feare shewed all readinesse to his Seruice The conceits of the Moones Eclipse haue beene diuers some Indians thinking that shee was whipped by the Sun till the bloud followed the Greekes attributing the same to Thessalian Charmes for remedy whereof they vsed to beat on Instruments of Brasse and lighted Torches and cast fires vp towards Heauen And the Athenians persecuted naturall Philophers and Meteorlogians as aduersaries to Diuinitie as appeareth in Diagoras Protagoras and Socrates till Plato brought them to another mind Plutar. Nicias The water about Ternate is so cleere that they fish by the eye and can see the Anchors in the bottome of the water at sixteene or seuenteene fathome deepe as if it were but a foot and espy euery fish which passeth to no small aduantage of their fishing When the King goeth to the Mesquit a Boy goeth before which beareth his Sword on his shoulder and in the other hand a Kid after him follow the Kings Souldiers After them another with a Censer Next to whom commeth the King with a Tiresold ouer his head to keepe off the Sunne When they are come to the doores there are vessels of water to wash their hands and feete before they enter and then the floore is couered with white cloth whereon they prostrate themselues with their faces to the earth softly mumbling their Mumpsimus-deuotions In the middest is a Pulpit spread with white cloth In stead of a Bell they haue a great Drum hanged vp which they beate with Clubs They haue in euery Temple also one Bell but without a clapper All come at that peale or sound with their weapons armed The Moluccians are better proportioned then other Indians haue more beard which the elder men nourish and weare long for their greater authority browne of colour and meane of stature For valour they haue not their like in all India especially those of Ternate chusing rather to dye then flee and esteeming it a great credit to fight against greater multitudes Their shields are of wood two spans broad and 4. foot long They are exceedingly addicted to sloth and ease none working in any Handicraft their houses are of Timber and Reeds without one nayle in them which their slaues build and doe also their other labours They haue no money and the siluer which they haue is employed to vessels of plate Their riches are their Cloues wherewith they prouide them of other necessaries They neuer see their wiues till they are married nor the wiues them Makian and Moher are now subiect to the King of Ternate Tidore and Batian haue their peculiar Kings This people haue the power to elect their King so that they choose one of the Royall and ancient Family The King of Ternate calleth himselfe King of Gilolo whereof hee hath but a part and that by conquest The birds of Paradise saith this Authour haue two feet as well as other Birds but as soone as they are taken they are cut off with a great part of their body whereof a little is left with the head and necke which being hardned and dryed in the Sunne seeme to be so bred The Moores made the Ilanders beleeue that they came out of Paradise and therefore call them Manucodiata or holy Birds and haue them in religious account They are very beautifull with varietie of feathers and colours Amboyna bringeth forth Orenges Citrons Lemmons Cloues Coquos Bonanas Sugar-canes and other fruits being a very fertile Iland The Inhabitants are simple liue sparingly and are attired like other the Moluccans They spend much Rice whereof they make loaues like Sugar-loues They haue Gallies after their manner formed like Dragons which they row very swiftly they call them Karkolleu The Admirall came to the Hollanders with three of these full of armed men which rowed round about them expressing manifold signes of ioy with Songs and Drummes the slaues singing as they rowed They had three Peeces of Ordnance in euery Galley which they discharged answered in that kinde by the Hollanders But two of the Holland ships not finding sufficient store of Commodities for them all went to Banda passing by Poel Setto an Iland not inhabited bearing North-west from Banda fiue Dutch miles They say it is inhabited of Deuils and whosoeuer must passe by maketh all possible haste to be gone much affrighted eyther by selfe-fancies or Deuillish Impostures Banda is foure and twentie dutch miles from Amboyna and diuided into three parts which comprehend fiue miles The chiefe Citie is Nera In this Iland are more store or Nutmegs then elsewhere in the Moluccas for which cause they resort hither from Iaua China and Malacca They professe Mahumetisme so deuoutly that they neuer goe to their watches before they haue prayed in the Mesquit whereinto they enter being first washed after the Mahumetane manner but pray so lowd that they may bee heard a great distance their wordes of prayer are Stofferolla Stofferolla Ascehad an la Ascehad an la Ylla Ascehad an la Yll lolla yll lolla Mahumed die Rosulla At the pronouncing of which last wordes they stroke their hands ouer their face in which gesture they thinke is much holinesse Other prayers they mutter ouer very softly with little mouing their lips They stand vpon Mats and lift vp their eyes twice or thrice to heauen after which they kneele downe bowing their head twice or thrice to the earth Thus they doe often euery day both at home and in the streets They haue their publike meetings and bankets in their Temples very often euery one bringing his part of the cheere which sometimes they doe in the woods a hundred in a companie At these times they consult of publike affaires They haue ciuill warres Nera and Lantoor holding together against three other Townes Two little Ilands Polleruijn and Poelvunay take part with Nera and when occasion requireth come thither with their boates to consultation where they are entertayned in publike feasts the manner whereof is that they sit downe in order in stead of a table
promise with the Hollanders when they obiected it My tongue he answered is not of Bone When they are sicke they vow vnto God vpon their recouerie a more honourable death which they performe after their recouerie by the murtherous hand of some other vpon them They are great Inchanters and obserue houres and fitting minutes and moments of time for composing their Blades and Armour of which they are conceited that being tempered with their charmes and superstitions with the least drawing bloud of another they will kill him themselues in their inchaunted Armour safe from others blowes They abide in expectation of these martiall minutes for their coniured Armours sometimes eight or ten yeeres before they can finish them The Iauans say That their Ancestors came from China which Countrey they forsooke because of the tyrannie wherewith they were oppressed and in great multitudes peopled this Iland They weare their haire and their nailes long They are dutifull to their superiors The great men stirre not forth without a great troupe of followers They are seldome idle much busied about their scabberds and weapons which they vse to poyson They are not without their weapons night or day which they will not suffer another man to touch They are so eager of reuenge that they will presse on their aduersaries weapon drawing it thorow their owne body to kill him that hath wounded them They haue Mahumetane Temples where they doe their deuotions with great silence They acknowledge IESVS Mahomet Dauid and Moses foure Prophets They obserue their houres and two Fasts or Lents The great mens wiues neuer goe out of the doores to be seene Their Cities are Ballambua and Panarucan a litle from whence is a burning Hill which first brake forth 1586. and oppressed infinite numbers of men and cast great stones into the citie for three dayes space making one continued night of darknesse Passarua the King whereof married the King of Ballambuas daughter and the second night after hee had lyen with her slue her and her attendants because hee would not turne Mahumetane Ioartam Surrabaia Tuban Matara are also royall Cities as are Daunia Taggal Charabaon and many others But bantam is of most traffick frequenced by Portugals Dutch and English in which euery day are three seuerall markets Here Merchants when they come may buy a woman for their fleshly and worldly businesse you may adde the Deuill too to make vp the number which at their departure they sell againe Publike affaires are treated handled by night at which time the Counsellors of State meet and ascend some tree or the roose of the house viewing the Heauens till the Moone arise and then goe into the Senate-house The women in Iaua act Comedies They punish Adulterie with death the woman chusing her neerest friend or allie to stabbe her The Southerne parts of Iaua are little knowne being full of Lions and wilde Beasts It hath been fatall to many English but much through their owne distemper with Racke a wine made or Rice and their contagious women Iohn Milwards iournall relateth of their voyage against their wills by the South of Iaua and of some Ilands Bayes and other obseruations in those parts Not farre from Bantam liue certaine of the Passarrans which being there oppressed by their King came hither and heere obtayned a piece of ground to build them a Citie which is called Sura They haue a King or Gouernour and liue quietly following Husbandrie they eate nothing that hath life a common Superstition of the Indians weare white Clothes of Paper made of the leaues of Trees and neuer marrie herein resembling the Iewish Essees yet neuer want succeeding generation Many of the Iauans daily consecrating themselues vnto their Societie The Chinois in Iaua doe sometimes bring vp Crocodiles and eate them Bantam is the chiefe Factorie of the English although they haue others The King of Bantam hath the Title but the Pangram exerciseth the Power and hath shut vp the King where none but at his pleasure may come at him The situation of this Citie is low and vnwholsome it is often subiect to fire in diuers of which fires our English haue by Gods blessing well escaped Not farre from hence at the I le Pulo Penione the Trades Increase perished in the Careening most of the Company both of English and others which wrought on Her dying of an infectious sicknesse which a Chinoise offered by sacrifice to the Diuell to cleere Sir Henry Middleton heere dyed of this sicknesse and the Ship too wanting that Head and necessarie Hands to sustaine her bequeathing that goodly Fabricke to the two Elements Fire and Water which not agreeing in the Diuiding whiles each laboured to haue all the Ship was lost in the quarrell A great losse of our greatest Merchants-ship that England euer had but not till after great exploits and not comparable to diuers losses of the Portugals or Hollanders at the Iland Mauricius and other places both there and at their owne doores The King of Tuban is the richest King and mightiest in all Iaua They haue many Horses and make great account of them decking them with gallant furniture of gold siluer and the counterfeits of Dragons and Diuels on their Saddles they ride and manage their Horses with great skill Iambee is another Passaman for vnwholsomnesse Madura is North from Iaua a fertile Iland of Rice the soyle whereof is so moyst and waterish that their Buffals and men goe almost knee-deepe when they sow it Arosbay is the chiefe Citie They are theeuish and giuen to spoyle and captiued many of the Hollanders which went thither on shoare to buy commodities which they were forced to redeeme at a deare rate In these parts are Battes as bigge as Hennes which the people rost and eate The Iland Baly is East from Iaua very populous contayning as is thought sixe hundred thousand Inhabitants they are Ethnikes and worship that which they first meet in the morning Heere and in Pulo Rossa the Women are burned with their dead Husbands one man is said to haue had fiftie of his Wiues for they marrie as many as they please burned with him whiles the Hollanders were there The Iland hath many Bulls Buffals Goates Swine Horse with many kindes of Fowles Fruits and Metals The chiefe men are carried by slaues on Seats borne on their shoulders or else in Chariots drawne with Buffals In the Voyage of Master Thomas Candish is mention made of a Iauan King called Raia Ballomboam very aged which had a hundred Wiues and his Sonne had fiftie Their custome is that when the King dyeth they burne the body and preserue the ashes Fiue dayes after the wiues of the dead King goe to a place appointed and there shee which was deerest in his fauour throweth a ball from her and where that ball resteth thither they goe all and turning their faces Eastward stabbe themselues with a Crise or Dagger to the heart
had fiue hundred dishes well dressed Generall Best weary of sitting so long in the water had leaue to depart an houre before the Rest the Captayne of the Dutch house tooke his bane either with hote drinkes or cold sitting so long in the water and soone after dyed The King gaue the Generall a New Title calling and charging his Nobles to call him Arancaia Pule that is the honourable white man Iune the second They were entertayned with a fight of foure Elephants and a wilde Tygre which was fastened to a stake and yet so fastened on their Trunks and legs that he made them roare and bleed extreamly Sometimes wild Elephants fight before Him which would soone kill each other but that tame ones are fastned to them which draw them backe fourescore or a hundred men helping And for their taming they vse to set one wilde betweene two tame This King sent to his Majestie a Present and a Letter in forme for painting and writing very curious the words thus interpreted PEDRVCKA SIRIE SVLTAN King of Kings Renowmed for his warres and sale King of Samatra and a King more feared then his Predecessours feared in his Kingdome and honoured of all bordering Nations in whom there is the true image of a King in whom raignes the true methode of Gouernment formed as it were of the most pure mettall and adorned with the most fine colours whose seate is high and most compleat like to a Chrystall Riuer pure and cleere as the choisest Glasse from whom floweth the pure streame of Bounty and Iustice whose presence is as the finest Gold King of Priaman and of the Mountayne of Gold viz. Solida and Lord of nine sorts of Stones King of two Sumbreroes of beaten Gold hauing for his Seates Mats of Gold His furniture for his Horses and Armour for Himselfe being likewise of pure gold His Elephant with teeth of Gold and all prouisions thereunto belonging His Lances halfe Gold halfe Siluer his small Shot of the same a Saddle also for another Elephant of the same mettall a Tent of Siluer and all his Seales halfe Gold halfe Siluer his Sepulchre of Gold whereas his Predecessours had all these halfe Gold halfe Siluer his seruices compleat of Gold and Siluer A King vnder whom there are many Kings hauing taken Othe King of Aurow all the Countrey of Priaman Tecoo Barouse being subdued by Him is now vnder His command Seuentie Elephants and much prouisions carried by Sea to make his warres in Aurow where God gaue Mee more Victorie then Any of my Predecessours This great King sendeth this Letter of Salutation to IAMES KING OF GREAT BRITAINE viz. England Scotland France and Ireland to signifie the great content Hee hath receiued by His Highnesse Letter deliuered by the bands of Arancaia Pule Thomas Best His Maiesties Embassadour at the receipt whereof His Eyes were surprised with a coelestiall brightnesse and his Spirits rauished with a Diuine Ioy the opening thereof rendred a sauour more fragrant then the most odoriferous Flowers or sweetest perfumes in the world For which cause I the Great King of Samatra doe professe my selfe to bee of One heart one minde and of one flesh with the most Potent Prince IAMES King of England and doe earnestly desire that the League begunne may bee continued to all Posterities And herein I take my greatest Felicitie there being nothing in the world more pleasant or ioyfull to Mee And for a testimony of my desire that the League and Amitie begunne may bee continued betwixt Vs I haue returned this Letter vnto your Maiestie making also My Prayers vnto the Great God for the Continuance of the same And it shall bee My greatest Honour to receiue Memoriall from so Great a Potentate and so Remote a Nation And for a pledge of My Loue and Honour and Continuance of our League I send your Maiestie a Creese wrought with Gold the hilt thereof being beaten Gold with a ring of Stones an Assagaya of Swasse halfe Copper halfe Gold eight Purslan dishes small and great of Camphire one piece of Sowering stuffe three pieces of Calico Lawne Which your Maiestie accepting as from a Brother I shall rest satisfied and much honoured And so with my prayers to the Great God Creator of Heauen and Earth for your Maiesties long life with Victorie ouer your Enemies and Prosperitie in your Land Giuen at Our Palace at Achi the 1022. yeere of Mahomet by the Accompt of the Moores This Letter for the strange swelling forme and because it contayneth a pettie Inuentorie of the Kings Wealth and some knowledge of the adjoyning Kingdomes I haue thus verbatim expressed This King of Achi is a proper gallant man of warre they are Master Coplands words of two and thirtie yeeres of middle size full of Spirit strong by Sea and Land his Countrey populous his Elephants many whereof wee haue seene a hundred and threescore or a hundred and fourescore at a time His Gallies and Frigats carry in them very good Brasse Ordnance Demicanon Culuerin Sakar Minion and the like His building is stately and spacious but not strong his Court at Achi pleasant hauing a goodly branch of a maine Riuer running about and thorow his Palace which branch Hee cut and brought sixe or eight miles off in twentie dayes whiles wee continued at Achi. Samatra is very Mountainous the people courteous Without the Kings Chop no Stranger may haue ingresse or egresse Hee desired the Generall to commend Him to the King of England and to intreat Him to send him two white Women For said Hee if I beget one of them with Child and it proue a Sonne I will make Him King of Priaman Passaman and of the Coast from whence you fetch your Pepper so that you shall not need to come any more to Mee but to your owne English King for these Commodities He is cruell he plucked out one of the eyes of a Nobleman for looking on one of the Kings women washing in a Riuer Another wearing a Shash beyond his degree had his head cut round so farre as that too large some he boyles in scalding Oyle some are sawne in pieces spitted aliue their legs cut off or otherwise tortured It is reported that in his Predecessors time when Malacca was besieged the Portugals putting on shore here by the ozie and myry landing were made an easier prey to an Ambush of Achiners in the Reeds which tooke many of them who by the Kings command had all of them all their Priuities presently cut away To returne to M. Copland on the third of Iuly 1613. the Kings Armada of a hundred and twenty or two hundred Frigats and Gallies arriued from Ioar which Kingdome Laxamar the Generall had then subdued to this King with the Kingdome of Siak bringing both those Kings with two of their brethren and some Dutchmen prisoners to Achi. At Tecoo they stayd eleuen weekes and bought a hundred and twenty tunnes of Pepper burying fiue and twenty men which got their
bringeth water from Nilus continueth fiftie miles the Cisternes which receiue it are as you haue heard and it is thought as this our Author affirmeth that those parts of Alexandria which the ground hideth cost more then that which is open to the view Yet doe these Cisternes now much decay The Citie sheweth faire without but within they are Baumgartens wordes like a heape of stones few houses are whole The Custome is farmed by the Iewes at two hundred thousand Madeins a day a coyne of siluer trebling the value of an Asper thirtie of them amounting to a Riall of eight the Port is free to friend and enemie Ten in the hundred is paid in kinde of all thing for custome onely money payes but one and a halfe whereof they take an exact account that they may ghesse at the value of returned commodities then paying eleuen in the hundred more euen for such Goods as are in propertie vnaltered The places anciently famous in Alexandria besides the Musaeum and Serapium before mentioned as their Vniuersitie and Librarie were the Isaeum and other their Temples which with the Palaces are said to take vp the fourth part of their Citie Beniamin Tudelensis speaketh of a faire building without the walls in his time called Aristotles Schoole wherein were twentie Schooles and betweene them marble pillars sometimes much frequented as he saith but I thinke deceiued to heare Aristotles Reading He mentions Vaults a mile long He found there three thousand Iewes Thebes that sometime was so famous a Citie contayneth not now aboue three hundred Families and still retayneth some bones of the carkasse of old Thebes many pillars walls inscriptions in Latine Greeke and Egyptian characters Memphis her next successor is vtterly ruinate §. V. Of the Saracens their Acts and Sects of the Mamalukes and Cophties THe Mahumetanes entred Aegypt about Anno 637. After their state sinking vnder the weight of it selfe which is the ordinary sicknesse of Greatnesse they grew to dissentions and Sects as is said in our Saracen History For the seate of the Saracenicall Caliphas beeing by Macamat remoued to Bagdat which hee had builded there arose new Caliphs in Damasco in Egypt whose seate was after at Cayro in Cayroan to whom the Africans yeelded subjection and after at Marocco But in Elcains time while hee sought to winne the East from the Caliph of Bagdat his Lieutenant rebelled against him and hee was faine to liue in Egypt where Gehoar had built Cayro The Sect of Hali had before also preuayled in Egypt for which case Nafissus father was forced to flee the Countrey yet this fect after was restored by Asmulinus and Solinus his sonne first Caliph of Egypt But when the Westerne forces vnder Godfrey of Bullen grew terrible to the East the Egyptians payd tribute to the Christians which Dargan the Sultan detayning was by Almericus King of Ierusalem ouerthrowne in battell Noradine of Damasco sent Saracon his sonne to helpe Sanar the Sultan against this Dargan which Saracon was by the Caliph appointed Sultan who before had slaine the Sultan and Saladine his Successour slew the Caliph for comming to him with pretence of doing him reuerence hee smote him to the ground with an Iron Mace and rooted out his Posteritie to settle his owne This History is diuersly reported Peucerus maketh the Egyptian Caliphs to bee Schismaticall from their first entrance which was as hee saith in Anno 703. which raigned in Egypt foure hundred forty and seuen yeeres of the profession of Hali. Curio writeth otherwise as in their History wee haue shewed So also doth Leo dissenting from them both a man learned in his owne Religion Hee saith that the Caliph of Cayro had contmued two hundred and thirty yeeres when as Saladine slew him and subjected himselfe to the Caliph of Bagdet the onely Caliph then remayning This Saladine was nephew to Saracon who chased the Christians out of Syria His Children raigned after him of which Melechsala was last who first inuented the Order of the Mamalukes which were Cireassian slaues bought in their youth and trayned vp to Armes Artes and Religion of the Saracens whom hee made of his Guard But they slew their Master and vsurped the Kingdome to themselues alwayes electing one of their Company the first of which Mamaluke Kings was Turquemenius who was slaine of his fellow Cothus and hee of Bendocader who was also poysoned c. Leo sayth that Saladines Family raigned an hundred and fiftie yeeres and Piperis was sayth hee the first Mamaluke King Campson Gaurus and Tomumbeius the last of these Kings were ouerthrowne by Zelim the Turke Anno 1517. whose Successours still hold Aegypt and haue a Bassa resident at Cayro from whence was carried by water many Ornaments to Constantinople The Caliph was at Bagdet so heere retayned some spirituall preeminence much like the Rex sacrorum amongst the Romanes whose Title was Royall and his Office in their superstitious ceremonies to performe those Rites which the Kings had vsed personally to doe but this titular King was subject to higher Powers of the Pontifex People and Senate Baumgarten saw him in white attire with a forked Diadem or Mitre a blacke and long beard with a great retinue comming to salute Tongobardinus a great Mamaluke which sometimes had beene a Deacon in Spaine and now had embraced the world and the world him possessing Honours Wealth and fiue and thirtie Wiues in Cayro Peter Martyr sayth that the Caliph selleth the Soldan this Dignitie at a price and ascending the Throne doth giue and commit vnto the Soldan there standing on foote the absolute power of life and death and then descending difrobeth himselfe attiring the Soldan with the same Robes So it appeareth that the name and power of the Caliph all the time of the Mamalukes as the Ghost of it selfe had some almost breathlesse shadow left the life and substance being in the Soldan There is sayth Leo in Cayro and in all Aegypt foure Sects differing from each other in Canon and Ciuill Lawes all Mahumetans Hee which professeth one of these Sects cannot at his pleasure betake him to another except being learned hee shew reasons therefore Each of these Sects hath his peculiar Iudge from whom yet lyeth an appeale to a higher Iudge being Gouernour of the Sect called Essafichia Whosoeuer attempteth ought against the Precepts of his owne Sect is secretly punished by the Iudge thereof And although the Priests of these seuerall Sects vse differing Liturgies and Rites yet doe they not take one the other for Enemies with hatred or mutinies but if any question arise Learned men by conference debate the same No man vpon paine of grieuous punishment may reproach any of the foure Doctors first Authors of those foure Sects There is one Sect of religious men in Cayro called Chenesia which liue vpon Horse-flesh therefore are lame Iades bought and set vp a fattening and sold to these Chenesians which Sect is rise
Camels whose riches thereby acquired appeare in the Letters of Lawrence Madoc and wee before haue touched Gago is much frequented by Merchants and things are sold at excessiue rates In an hundred miles space you shall scarce find one in those parts that can reade or write and the King accordingly oppresseth them with taxations In Guber they sow their Corne on the waters which Niger with his ouerflowings brings vpon the Countrey and haue aboundant recompence Izchia King of Tombuto conquered the King of Guber of Agadez also and of Cano which haue great store of Merchants Likewise of Casena and Zegzeg and Zanfara in which I finde little worth the remembrance Cano hath some Relikes of Christianitie and they are named by the Apostles names Guangara was not onely oppressed by the said Izchia of Tombuto but by Abraham King of Borno Borno confineth with Guangara on the West and extendeth Eastwards fiue hundred miles The people haue no Religion neither Christian Iewish nor Mahumetane but like Beasts liue with their Wiues and Chrildren in common and as a Merchant which liued long amongst them and learned their Language told Leo they haue no proper names as in other Nations but as they giue him some name on distinction by his height fatnesse or other peculiar accidents The King warreth with his neighbours hee is descended of the Libyan people Bardoa For maintenance of his Warres he will giue great prices for Horses exchanging fifteene or twentie Slaues for one which Slaues he tooke from his enemies When I was in this Kingdome I found there many Merchants that were wearie of this Traffique because they stayed for their Slaues till the King returned from his Warres Yet the King Teemes to bee rich all his Horse-furniture Stirrops Spurres Bridles Bits were all of Gold and his Dishes Platters or whatsoeuer he did eate or drinke in yea his Chaines for his Dogges were for the most part or most fine Gold He hath many both white and blacke people subject to him Gaoga bordereth Westward on Borno and thence trendeth to Nubia betweene the Desarts of Serta on the North and another Desart confining on a winding crooke of Nilus about fiue hundred miles square It hath neither Ciuilitie Letters nor Gouernment The Inhabitants haue no vnderstanding especially they which dwell in the Mountaines who goe naked in the Summer-time their priuities excepted Their houses are made of boughes which easily take fire They haue store of Cattell A hundreth yeeres before Leo's time they were brought in subjection by a Negro slaue who first slew his Master and by helpe of his goods made preyes in the next Regions exchanging his Captiues for Horses of Aegypt and so became King of Gaoga His Nephewes Sonne Homara then raigned and was much respected by the Soldan of Cairo Leo was at his Court and found him a man passing liberall He much honoured all that were of the linage of Mahomet The Nubae in olde times were many Kingdomes as Strabo affirmeth not subject to the Aethiopians and were then Nomades or Wanderers and Robbers As it is now taken Iohn Leo being our Author Nubia stretcheth from Gaoga vnto Nilus hauing the Aegyptian Confines on the North and the Desarts of Goran on the South They cannot saile out of this Kingdome into Aegypt For the Riuer Nilus whiles it is couetous of largenesse loseth his deepnesse and couering certaine Plaines becommeth so shallow that both men and beasts may wade ouer Dangala is their chiefe Towne and hath ten thousand Families but ill built their houses being Chalke and Straw The Inhabitants with their traffique to Cairo become rich There is in this Kingdome great store of Corne and Sugar Ciuit Sandall and Iuorie They haue strong poyson one graine whereof giuen to ten persons will kill them all in a quarter of an houre and one man if he alone take it presently An ounce hereof is sold for an hundred Ducats It is not sold but to strangers which first take their oath that they will not vse it in their Countrey And if any sell thereof secretly it costs him his life for the King hath as much for Custome as the Merchant for price Some Portugals trauelling thorow Nubia saw many Churches ruined by the Arabians and some Images The Iewish and Mahumetan Superstition haue there almost preuailed In old time they had Bishops sent them from Rome which by meanes of the Arabians was after hindered The Nubian King warreth with the Inhabitants of Goran called Zingani who speake a Language that none else vnderstand and with others in the Desarts on the other side of Nilus towards the Red Sea whose Language seemes to be mixt with the Chaldaean and resembles the speech of Suachen in the Countrey of Prester Iohn They are called Bugiha and liue very miserably They had once a Towne on the Red Sea called Zibid whose Port answereth directly to that of Zidem which is forty miles from Mecca This Zibid for their robberies was destroyed by the Sultan Ortelius saith that in Nubia they were sometimes Christian and now are scarcely of any Religion at all They sent into Prester Iohns Countrey for Priests when Aluares d was there to repaire their almost ruined Christianitie but without effect Sanutus reckons here other Kingdomes Gothan Medra Dauma whereof because wee haue little but the names I can write nothing Now if any would looke that we should heere in our Discourse of the Negro's assigne some cause of that their Blacke colour I answere that I cannot well answere this question as being in it selfe difficult and made more by the varietie of answeres that others giue hereunto Some alleage the heate of this Torrid Region proceeding from the direct beames of the Sunne and why then should all the West Indies which stretch from the one Tropike to the other haue no blacke people except a few in Quareca which haply were not Naturals of the place And if this were the cause why should Africa yeeld white people in Melinde and neere the Line blacker at the Cape of Good Hope in fiue and thirtie then in Brasill vnder the Line Some leauing the hot impressions in the Aire attribute it to the drinesse of the Earth as though the Libyan Desarts are not more dry and yet the people no Negro's and as though Niger were heere dried vp Some to the hidden qualitie of the soyle and why then are the Portugals children and generations white or Mulatos at most that is tawnie in Saint Thomee and other places amongst them as also the Inhabitants of Melinde Madagascar and other places in the same height in and adioyning to Africa Some ascribe it as Herodotus to the blacknesse of the Parents Sperme or Seed and how made they the search to know the colour thereof which if it hath a thing by others denied by what reason should it imprint this colour on the skinne And how comes it that they are reddish at their birth yellowish in
him King who excelled in strength or in person or in husbandry of cattell or in wealth Their Priests enioyed the chiefe ranke of honour who sending their Herald or Messenger enioyned the King his death and set vp another in his roome At length a certaine King abolished this custome and rushing with his armed Souldiers into their Temple where was a golden Chappell slue all those Priests This was at Meroe the head Citie of the Iland where Pausanias sayth they shewed the Table of the Sunne and that they were the iustest men of all the Ethiopians Concerning that Table and the expedition of CAMBYSES into these partes HERODOTVS related that CAMBYSES designed at once three inuasions against the Carthaginians the Ammonians and Macrobians all in Africa These last haue their names of their long liues which they draw forth farre beyond the vsuall course Hee placeth them on the South shores of Africa but Mela in Meroe Seneca Plinie and Solinus beyond That Table of the Sunne Herodotus and Mela thus describe Neere to the Citie was a place alwayes furnished with varietie of rosted meates there set in the night by the Magistrates and eaten on the day by such as listed and therefore of this open feasting called the Suns Table whom the ignorant people also thought to be the Cater of these dainties Cambyses sent an Embassage vnto the King with presents but principally to espie the Countrey whom the Ethiopian requited with a Bow and bade that the Persians should then inuade the Macrobians when they were able to shoot in such Bowes thanking God that hee was contented with his owne And because he had sent him golden Chaines he asked to what vse they were they said for ornaments hee answered with smiling thinking them to bee Chaines for punishment That he had stronger fetters then those The like account hee made of his Purple Robes Oyntments and Wine and asked further what the Persians eate and when they told him bread made of Wheate the nature whereof they declared and withall that the oldest Persians exceeded not fourescore yeeres hee said that it was no maruell of their short life that fed vpon dung neither could they liue so long were it not for that drinke of Wine which they vsed it was not extraordinary there to attaine to a hundred and twenty yeeres their meate was boyled flesh and their drinke Milke Hee brought them to a Fountaine wherein being bathed they smelled as of Violets it was so subtile that nothing could swimme thereon not wood or other lighter matter this water was supposed to lengthen their liues He brought them also to the Prisons where they saw many manacled and bound with Chaines of Gold Lastly hee shewed them their Sepulchres made of Glasse in this manner After they haue embalmed the dead Corps they anoint it with a kind of pargetting mortar and then put it in a case or coffin of Glasse through which it shineth and is apparant without any ill sauour This they keepe one yeere in the house offering thereto Sacrifices and the first fruits of all things and then carrie it out of the Citie Thus farre Herodotus Wherein that which some Penny-father would most admire their golden setters how common and rife is it in another sort with vs euery couetous Miser manacling fettering strangling himselfe with his Gold in shew his ornament in affect his God in effect his Deuill Iaylor Chaines and Hell The Macrobij Mela addeth vsed Brasse for honour Gold for punishments Of the Table of the Sunne before mentioned thus writeth Friar Luys de Vrreta in that his large History which hee hath composed in Spanish of Ethiopia that the King in a curious brauerie and sumptuous vanitie caused there to bee set by night in a certaine field store of white bread and the choysest Wines hanged also on the Trees great varietie of Fowles rost and boyled and set on the ground Mutton Lambe Veale Beefe with many other dainties ready dressed Trauellers and hungry persons which came hither and found this abundance seeing no bodie which prepared or which kept the same ascribed it to Iupiter Hospitalis his bounty and hospitality shewing himselfe a Protector of poore Trauellers and called this field the Table of the Sunne The report hereof passed through the World and brought many Pilgrims from farre Countries to visit the same King Cambyses sent his Embassadors to see it Plato the Prince of Philosophers hauing trauelled through Asia as farre as Caucasus and gone also to the Brachmanes to see and heare Hiarchas in a Throne of Gold amongst a few Disciples disputing of Natures Mysteries and discoursing of the Starres and Planets returned by the Persians Babylonians Arabians and other Nations and entred into Aethiopia led with desire to see this renowmed Table and to eate of those delicacies The Aethiopians since their Christianity in zealous detestation of Idolatry will not so much as name this field and these ancient Rites and giue in charge to the Priests at this day that they handle not or create of the like vanities because they were inuentions of Idolaters Caelius Rbodiginus affirmeth that this Table of the Sunne grew into a Prouerbe to signifie a House well furnished and prouided Thus farre Fryer Luys I doubt farther then wee may safely follow in that of Plato's Pilgrimage hither Of the Pillar of Semiramis is before spoken out of the relation of Xenophon de Aequiuocis concerning which and his other companions and brethren howsoeuer Posseuinus Goropius and others doe reproue Annius for abusing the World with those glorious Titles and Ancient names and proue them to bee counterfeit yet in my mind that of Xenophon seemeth to fauour of some truth whether of antiquity or no I meddle not and that more then others of the same Edition In that Pillar consecrated to the memory of Ninus the Inscription testifieth that Cush or Cuz was the Aethiopian Saturne as C ham the Egyptian and Nimrod the Babylonian When Cush was dead they say Regma his Sonne succeeded in the Aethiopian Kingdome and after him Dodan after whose time is no record of certaine succession Diodorus sayth they chose him which was most comely of personage for their King Memnon is chanted by Homer and the Poets which lost his life at Troy in defence of Priamus and was some say King of Aethiopia Of the speaking Image of Memnon yee haue seene in our Egyptian Relations As for the wife of Moses whereof Iosephus sayth That the Aethiopians hauing ouer-runne and almost subdued Egypt and none daring to make head against them Mose whom Thermutis Pharaohs daughter had brought vp was chosen Generall of the Egyptian Army which he conducted into Aethiopia and comming to the siege of Saba Tharbis the Aethiopian Kings daughter fell in loue with him and sent her Seruants to intreat of a Marriage with him which hee accepted vpon condition of deliuering the Towne vnto him and that being done married her all this seemeth rather
neere the Cape of Good-hope the Aethiopians haue no hope or hap of good colour whereas the hotter Countreys of Libya and in manner all America notwithstanding the Sunnes strait looking and neerenesse not allowing them a shaddow to attend them in the greatest height of his bounty know not this blacke tincture in the Naturals thereof But to returne and who will not returne to the Mines There are other Mines in the Prouinces of Boro and Quiticui in which and in the Riuers is found Gold not so pure The people are carelesse and negligent to get and the Moores which traded with them were faine to giue their wares in trust with promise by such a time to pay them in Gold and the people would not faile in their word Other Mynes are in Toroa wherein are those buildings which Barrius attributeth to some forren Prince and I for the reasons before alledged to Salomon It is a square Fortresse of stone the stones of maruellous greatnesse without any signe of morter or other matter to ioyne them The wall fiue and twenty spannes thicke the height not holding proportion Ouer the gate are letters which learned Moores could neither reade nor know what letters they were There are other buildings besides of like fashion The people call them the Court for an Officer keepes it for the Benomotapa and hath charge of some of his women that are there kept They esteeme them beyond humane power to build and therefore account them the workes of Deuils and the Moores which saw them said the Portugals Castles were no way to bee compared to them They are fiue hundred and ten miles from Sofala Westward in one and twenty degrees of Southerly Latitude in all which space is not found one building ancient or later the people are rude and dwell in Cottages of Timber All the people of this Region is of curled hayre and more ingenious then those which are against Mosambique Quiloa and Melinde among whom are many that eate mans flesh and let their Kine blood to satisfie their thirst These seeme prone to receiue the Faith for they beleeue in One GOD whom they call Mozimo and haue no Idols nor worship other thing They punish nothing more seuerely then Witchcraft whereunto other Negros are exceedingly addicted no such person escapeth death The like detestation they conceiue against Adultery and Theft Euery one may haue as many wiues as they will but the first is principall the other serue her and her children are heires A woman is not mariageable with them till her naturall purgation testifie for her abilitie to Conception and therefore they entertaine the first fluxe thereof with a great Feast In two things they are Religious in obseruation of dayes and Rites concerning their dead Of dayes they obserued the first day of the Moone the sixt the seuenth the eleuenth the sixteenth the seuenteenth the twentieth and the eight and twentieth because in that day their King was borne The Religion is in the first sixt and seuenth all the rest are repetitions aboue ten When any is dead after his bodie is eaten his neere kindred or his wife which hath had most children by him keepe the bones with some signes whereby to know whose they were and euery seuenth day they obserue Exequies in the same place where they are kept They spreade many clothes and set thereon tables furnished with bread and sodden flesh which they offer to the dead with prayers and supplications And the principall thing they request of them is the good successe of their Kings affaires These prayers they make being cloathed in white garments after which the good man and his family eate their offerings The Benomotapa must weare cloathes of the same Country for feare of infection others may weare forren cloth He is serued on the knee and when he drinketh or cougheth all they which are about him make a shout that all the Towne may know None may cough in his presence also euery one must sit in token of reuerence to stand is a signe of dignity which he affordeth the Portugals and Moores and is the chiefe honour can bee yeelded any The second honour is to sit on a cloth in his house the third that a man may haue a doore in his house which is the dignity of great Lords For meaner persons they need not feare to haue any thing stolne out of their open houses seeing the seuerity of Iustice doth secure them Doores are not for necessity but for honour Their houses are of pyramidall or steeple forme all the timbers meeting in the middest at the top couered with earth and straw Some of them are made of timbers as long and as bigge as a great ships mast the greater they are the more honorable The Benomotapa hath musicke whithersoeuer he goeth with singers and more then fiue hundred iesters which haue their Captain or Master of Reuels The royall Ensigne is a little plow-share with an Iuory point which he carrieth alway at his girdle by which is signified peace and husbanding of the ground He beareth likewise one or two swords in token of Iustice and defence of his people The Country is free and giues him no other payments but presents when they come to speake with him and certaine dayes seruice No inferiour comes before his superiour without some present in token of obedience and courtesie The Captaines of warre with all theirs bestow seuen dayes in thirty in his husbandry or other businesse Hee must confirme all sentences of Iudgement in his owne person there needs no Prison for matters are presently dispatched according to the allegations and testimonies that are brought And if there bee not sufficient testimonies then the matter is tryed by oath in this manner They beat the barke of a certaine tree and cast the powder thereof in water which the party drinketh and if he doe not vomit he is cleared if he vomit he is condemned And if the accuser when the accused party vomiteth not will drinke of the same and doth not vomit he is then acquitted and the matter dispatched If any sue to him he speedeth not but by mediation of a third person which also sets down the summe that the King must haue somtime at so deare a rate that the suter rather refuseth the Kings grant They haue no Horse and therefore warre on foot the spoyles are generally shared amongst all When he marcheth in the place where he is to lodge they make a new house of wood and therein must continuall fire be kept without euer going out saying that in the ashes might be wrought some witcheries to the indamagement of his person And when they goe to the warres they neuer wash their hands nor faces till they haue obtained victory They haue their wiues with them which are so loued and respected that if the Kings sonne meet with one of them in the street hee giues her way Benomotapa hath more then a thousand women but the first is
It flyeth so swift saith Ouiedo that the wings cannot be seene It hath a nest proportionable I haue seene saith he one of those birds together with her nest put into the scales wherein they vse to weigh Gold and both weighed but two Tomins that is foure and twenty graines Haply it is therefore called Tomineios as weighing one Tomin The feathers are beautified with yellow greene and other colours the mouth like the eye of an Needle It liueth on dew and the juice of herbs but sitteth not on the Rose The feathers specially of the necke and brests are in great request for those feather-pictures or portraitures which the Indians make cunningly and artificially with these natural feathers placing the same in place and proportion beyond all admiration The Indian Bats should not flee your light and are for their rarity worthy consideration but that wee haue spoken before somewhat of them They haue Birds called Condores of exceeding greatnesse and force that will open a sheepe and a whole Calfe and eate the same They haue abundance of Birds in beautie of their feathers farre surpassing all in Europe wherewith the skilfull Indians will perfectly represent in feathers whatsoeuer they see drawne with the Pensill A figure of Saint Francis made of feathers was presented to Pope Sixtus Quintus whose eye could not discerne them to be naturall colours but thought them pensill-worke till he made tryall with with his fingers The Indians vsed them for the ornaments of their Kings and Temples Some Birds there are of rich commoditie onely by their dung In some Islands ioyning to Peru the Mountaines are all white like Snow which is nothing but heapes of dung of certaine Sea-fowle which frequent those places It riseth many Ells yea many Launces in height and is fetched thence in Boats to hearten the Earth which hereby is exceeding fertile To adde somewhat of the Indian Plants and Trees Mangle is the name of a Tree which multiplyeth it selfe into a wood as before we haue obserued of it the branches descending and taking root in the Earth The Plane-tree of India hath leaues sufficient to couer a man from the foot to the head but these the Coco and other Indian Trees are in the East-Indies also and there we haue mentioned them Cacao is a fruit little lesse then Almonds which the Indians vse for money and make thereof a drinke holden amongst them in high regard They haue a kinde of Apples called Ananas exceeding pleasant in colour and taste and very wholesome which yet haue force to eate iron like Aqua fortis The Mamayes Guayauos and Paltos be the Indian Peaches Apples and Peares But it would bee a weary wildernesse to the Reader to bring him into such an Indian Orchard where he might reade of such varietie of fruits but like Tantalus can taste none or to present you with a Garden of their Trees which beare flowres with other fruit as the Floripondio which all the yeere long beareth flowres sweet like a Lilly but greater the Volusuchil which beareth a flowre like to the forme of the heart and others which I omit The flowre of the Sunne is is now no longer the Marigold of Peru but groweth in many places with vs in England The flowre of the Granadille they say if they say truely hath the markes of the Passion Nayles Pillar Whips Thornes Wounds exceeding stigmaticall Francis For their Seeds and Craines Mays is principall of which they make their bread which our English ground brings forth but hardly will ripene it growes as it were on a Reed and multiplyeth beyond comparison they gather three hundred measures for one It yeeldeth more blood but more grosse then our Wheat They make drinke thereof also wherewith they will be exceedingly drunke They first steepe and after boyle it to that end In some places they first cause it to be champed with Maids in some places with old women and then make a leauen thereof which they boyle and make this inebriating drinke The Canes and leaues serue for their Mules to eate They boyle and drinke it also for paine in the back The buds of Mays serue in stead of Butter and Oyle In some parts they make bread of a great root called Yuca which they name Caçaui They first cut and straine it in a Presse for the iuyce is deadly poison the Cakes dryed are steeped in water before they can eate them Another kinde there is of this Yuca or Iucca the iuice whereof is not poison It will keepe long like Bisket They vse this bread most in Hisponiola Cuba and Iamaica where Wheat and Mays will not grow but so vnequally that at one instant some is in the grasse other in the graine They vse in some places another root called Papas like to ground Nuts for bread which they call Chuno Of other their roots and fruits I am loth to write lest I weary the Reader with tedious officiousnesse Spices grow not there naturally Ginger thriueth well brought and planted by the Spaniards They haue a good kinde of Balme though not the same which grew in Palestina Of their Amber Oiles Gums and Drugs I list not to relate further Out of Spaine they haue caried great varietie of Plants herein Americo exceeding Spaine that it receiueth and fructifieth in all Spanish Plants that are brought thither whereas the Indian thriue not in Spaine as Vines Oliues Mulberies Figs Almonds Limons Quinces and such like And to end this Chapter with a comparison of our World with this of America Our aduantages and preferments are many Our Heauen hath more Stars and greater as Acosta by his owne sight hath obserued challenging those Authors which haue written otherwise of fabling Our Heauen hath the North-Starre within three degrees and a third of the Pole their Crosier or foure Stars set a-crosse which they obserue for the Antarticke is thirtie degrees off The Sunne commucateth his partiall presence longer to our Tropike then that of Capricorne remaining in the Southerne Signes 178. dayes one and twenty houres and twelue minutes in the Northerne 186. dayes eight houres and twelue minutes B. Keckerman System Astron L. 1. Tycho Brahe L. 1. reckoneth these a hundred fourescore and sixe dayes houres eighteene and a halfe dayes eight and one third part fere plus quam in Australi c. This want of the Sunne and Stars is one cause of greater cold in those parts then in these Our Earth exceeds theirs for the situation extending it selfe more between East and West fittest for humane life whereas theirs trends most towards the two Poles Our Sea is more fauourable in more Gulfes and Bayes especially such as goe farre within Land besides the Mid-Land-Sea equally communicating her selfe to Asia Africa and Europa This conuenience of traffique America wanteth Our beasts wilde and tame are farre the more noble as the former discourse sheweth For what haue they to oppose to our Elephants Rhinocerotes Camels Horses
whiles others attended and at last led him with a firebrand in stead of a Torch to his lodging When they intend any wars the Weroances or Kings consult first with the Priests and Coniurers And no people haue there beene found so sauage which haue not their Priests Gods and Religion All things that are able to hurt them beyond their preuention they after their sort adore as the Fire Water Lightning Thunder our Ordnance Peeces Horses Yea I haue heard Captaine Smith say that they seeing one of the English Bores in the way were striken with awfull feare because he brisled vp himselfe and gnashed his teeth and took him for the god of the Swine which was offended with them The chiefe god they worship is the Diuell which they call Okee They haue conference with him and fashion themselues vnto his shape In their Temples they haue his Image ill-fauouredly made painted adorned with Chaines Copper and Beads and couered with a skinne By him is commonly the Sepulchre of their Kings whose bodies are first bowelled then dryed on a hurdle and haue about the ioynts chaines of Copper Beads and other like trash then lapped in white skinnes and rowled in mats and orderly entombed in arches made of mats the remnant of their wealth being set at their feet These Temples and Bodies are kept by their Priests For their ordinarie burials they digge a deepe hole in the earth with sharpe stakes and the corps being wrapped in skins and mats with their iewels they lay them vpon sticks in the ground and couer them with earth The buriall ended the women hauing their faces painted with blacke coale and oyle sit foure and twenty houres in the houses mourning and lamenting by turnes with yellings and howlings Euery Territory of a Weroance hath their Temples and Priests Their principall Temple is at Vttamussack in Pamaunk where Powhatan hath a house vpon the top of certaine sandie hils in the woods There are three great houses filled with Images of their Kings and Diuels and Tombes of their Predecessors Those houses are neere threescore foot long built after their fashion Arbour-wise This place is in such estimation of holinesse that none but the Priests and Kings dare enter yea the Sauages dare not passe by in Boats without casting Copper Beads or somewhat into the Riuer Heere are commonly resident seuen Priests the chiefe differed from the rest in his ornaments the other can hardly be knowne from the common people but that they haue not so many holes at their eares to hang their Iewels at The High-Priests head-tire is thus made They take a great many Snakes skinnes stuffed with Mosse as also of Weasils and other vermines skins which they tye by their tayles so that all the tayles meet on the top of their head like a great tassell The faces of their Priests are painted as vgly as they can deuise in their hands they haue Rattles some Base some Treble Their deuotion is most in songs which the chiefe Priest beginneth the rest following sometime he maketh inuocations with broken sentences by starts and strange passions and at euery pause the other giue a short grone It cannot be perceiued that they haue any set Holy-dayes onely in some great distresse of want feare of enemies times of triumph and of gathering their fruits the whole Countrey Men Women and Children assemble to their solemnities The manner of their deuotion is somtimes to make a great fire all singing and dancing about the same with Rattles and shouts foure or fiue houres sometime they set a man in the middest and dance and sing about him he all the while clapping his hands as if he would keepe time after this they goe to their Feasts They haue certaine Altar-stones which they call Powcorances standing from their Temples some by their houses others in the woods and wildernesses vpon which they offer bloud Deere-suet and Tobacco This they doe when they returne from the warres from their huntings and on other occasions When the waters are rough in stormes their coniurers runne to the waters sides or passe in their boats and after many hellish out-cries and inuocations cast Tobacco Copper Pocones or such trash into the water to pacifie that god whom they thinke to be very angry in those stormes Before their dinners and suppers the better sort will take the first bit and cast it into the fire which is all the grane they are knowne to vse In some part of the Countrey they are said which since is found false to haue yeerely a sacrifice of children such a one was performed at Quiyoughcohanock some ten miles from Iames Towne in this manner Rapahannock Werowance made a Feast in the woods the people were so painted that a Painter with his pensill could not haue done better Some of them were blacke like Diuels with hornes and loose haire some of diuers colours They continued two dayes dancing in a circle of a quarter of a mile in two companies with antick tricks foure in a ranke the Werowance leading the dance they had Rattles in their hands all in the middest had black hornes on their heâ—ds and greene boughes in their hands next them were foure or fiue principall men diuersly painted which with bastinadoes beat forward such as tired in the dance Thus they made themselues scarce able to goe or stand When they met together they made a hellish noise and euery one flinging away his bough ranne clapping their hands vp into a tree and tare it to the ground and fell into their order againe thus they did twice Fourteene well-fauoured children or if you had rather heare Captaine Smith fifteene of the properest yong Boyes betweene ten and fifteene yeeres of age they painted white H uing brought them forth the people saith he spent the forenoone in dancing and singing about them with Rattles in the afternoone they put these children to the root of a tree all the men standing to guard them each with a Bastinado of Reeds bound together in his hand Then doe they make a lane betweene them all along thorow which there were appointed fiue yong men White cals them Priests to fetch these children Each of these fetched a child the guard laying on with their Bastinadoes while they with their naked bodies defend the children to their great smart All this time the women weepe and cry out very passionately prouiding mosse skinnes mats and dry wood vnknowne to what purpose When the children are in this manner fetched away the guard teares downe trees branches and boughes making wreathes for their heads or bedecking their haire with the leaues What else was done with the children was not seene but they were all cast on a heape in a Valley as dead where was made a great feast for all the company William White relating this Rite saith That they remoued them from tree to tree three times and at last carried them into a Valley where the King sate where
would ouertake and kill a horse for the horses fled from them either for their deformitie or because they had neuer seene the like The people haue no other riches they are vnto them meat drinke apparell their Hides also yeeld them houses and ropes their bones bodkins their sinewes and haire threat their horns mawes and bladders vessels their dung fire the Calues-skins budgets wherewith they draw and keepe water Gomara also mentioneth their sheepe which they so call because they haue fine wool and hornes they are as bigge as horses their hornes weigh fifty pound weight a piece There are also Dogs which will fight with a Bull and will carry fifty pound weight in Sacks when they goe on hunting or when they remoue from place to place with their heards The winter is long and sharpe with much snow in Cibola and therefore they then keepe in their Cellers which are in place of Stoues vnto them In the height of thirty seuen degrees at Tiguez the cold was so extreme that the horses and men passed ouer the Riuer vpon the Ice They there tooke a towne after fiue and forty dayes siege but with much losse and little gaine For the Indians killed thirty horses in a night and in another slue certaine Spaniards sent Ouando vp into the countrey they could not tell whether for sacrifice or for the shew and wounded fifty horses they drunke snow in stead of water and seeing no hope to hold out made a great fire and cast therein all they had of worth and then went all out to make way by force where they were all in manner slaine but not vnreuenged forcing some Spaniards to accompany them into the Regions of Death and wounding many more both men and horses The Snow continueth in these parts halfe the yeere Quiuira is more Northerly and yet more temperate The Spaniards returned to Mexico in the end of the yeare 1542. to no small griefe of Mendoza who had spent in this expedition six thousand Duokats Some Friers stayed but were slaine by the people of Quiuira onely one man escaped to bring newes to Mexico Sir Francis Drake sailed on the other side of America to forty degrees of Northerly Latitude and with cold was forced to retire although the Sunne followed him all the way from Guatulco hither which he sailed from the 6. day of April to the 5. day of Iune as if that most excellent and heauenly Light had delighted himselfe in his societie and acknowledged him for his Son more truely then the Spaniards whereof anon we shall heare or that Phaeton of the Poets not able to compasse this compassing iourney once hee was so good a Scholler and learned the Suns instruction so well that he followed him in a watery field all that his fiery circle round about this earthly Globe carried with the mouing winde as it were airie wings new stars Ilands Seas attending and admiring the English colours and first of any Generall loosed the girdle of the world and encompassing her in his fortunate armes enioyed her loue But I lose my selfe while I find him and yet excellent names I know not how compell men to stand awhile and gaze with admiration if not with adoration This our English Knight landed on this coast in thirty eight degrees where the inhabitants presented themselues vnto him with presents of feathers and kalls of Net-worke which hee required with great humanitie The men went naked the women knit loose garments of bull-rushes about their middles They came a second time and brought feathers and bags of Tobacco and after a long Oration of one that was Speaker for the rest they left their bowes on a hil and came downe to our men the women meane-while remaining on the hill tormented themselues tearing the flesh from the cheekes whereby it appeared that they were about some sacrifice The newes being further spred brought the King thither which was a man of goodly stature many tall men attended him two Embassadours with a long Speech of halfe an houre signified his comming before One went before the King with a Scepter or Mace wherein hanged two Crownes with three chaines the Crownes were of knit-worke wrought artificially with diuers coloured feathers the chaines of a bony substance The King followed cloathed in Cony-skinnes the people came after all hauing their faces painted with white blacke and other colours euery one bringing his present euen the very children also The Scepter-bearer made a lowd speech of halfe an houre taking his words from another which whispered the same vnto him which with a solemne applause being ended they came all downe the hill in order without their weapons the Scepter-bearer beginning a Song and dancing wherein all the rest followed him The King and diuers others made seuerall Orations or Supplications to the Generall to become their King and the King with a Song did set the Crowne on the Generals head and put the chaines about his necke honouring him by the name of Hioh The common sort leauing the King and his guard scattered themselues with their Sacrifices among our people taking view of all and to such as best pleased their fancy which were the youngest offered their Sacrifices with weeping scratching and tearing their flesh with much effusion of bloud The English misliked their deuotions and directed them to the liuing God they shewed againe their wounds whereunto the other applyed paysters and lotions Euery third day they brought their Sacrifices till they perceiued that they were displeasing And at the departure of the English they by stealth prouided a Sacrifice taking their departing very grieuously They found heards of Deere feeding by thousands and the Country full of strange Conies headed like ours with the feet of a Want and taile of a Cat hauing vnder their chins a bagge into which they gather their meate when they haue filled their body abroad There is no part of this Earth wherein there is not some speciall likelihood of Gold or Siluer The Generall named the Country Noua Albion §. II. Of New Mexico and Cinaloa IN the yeere 1581. Augustine Ruiz a Frier learned by the report of certaine Indians called Conchos that toward the North there were certaine great Towns not hitherto to discouered by the Spaniards whereupon he with two other companions of his owne Order and eight Souldiers went to seeke these parts and to preach vnto them They came vnto the Prouince de los Tiguas two hundred and fiftie leagues Northwards from the Mynes of Saint Barbara where one of the Friers was slaine by the Inhabitants This caused the Souldiers to returne backe but the Friers stayed still behind The Franciscans fearing the losse of these their Brethren procured Antonio de Espeio to vndertake this Iourney with a company of Souldiers Hee passing the Conchos the Passaquates the Toboses came to the Patatabueyes which is a great Prouince and hath many Townes their Houses flat roofed and built of lime and
a very great Crocodile shewing himselfe aboue water and swimming downe the streame in our way whereupon the Ferriman entring the Riuer to the calues of his logs he stands vpon one of them muttering to himselfe certaine words and withall tying knots vpon a small Coard he held in his hand to the number of seuen which Coard hee left hanging on a bush thereby and confidently pusht vs and our Horses ouer the Crocodile lying all this while still in our sight not able as he said to open his iawes so hauing ferried vs ouer he made haste to returne and vntie the Coard affirming that if the Crocodile should be starued by the power of this Charme his Charme would from thenceforth lose its power and effect Arrecan borders vpon Bengala and participates in its plenty from whence there commeth yeerely shipping to the Coast of Choromandel The King is by Religion a Gentile but such a one as holdeth all meates and drinkes indifferent he marrieth constantly his owne sister and giueth for reason the first mens practice in the infancy of the World affirming that no Religion can deny that Adams Sons married Adams daughters He is very kind to Strangers giuing good respect and entertainment to Moores Persians and Arabians which liue in his Countrey professing publikely the practice of their Mahumetan Superstition Hee hath also diuers times inuited the Dutch and English to resort vnto his Countrey but the Dutch by good experience hauing had sometimes a Factory there the English not by their example but true knowledge of the little Trade and lesse benefit auoyd his importunity yet continue good correspondence with him and his people as knowing it a plentifull Country and not inconuenient to supply themselues with many necessaries if difference with other Nations should enforce them to that extremity Betwixt this King and the Mogull there is continuall Warre both by Sea and Land defensiue on the King of Arrecans part securing his owne Countrey that bordereth vpon Bengala From thence confronting in small skirmishes the opposite party but any set or great battle I haue not heard of to haue beene fought betwixt them In which warres he giueth so good entertainment to strangers that I haue knowne diuers Hollanders that hauing expired their couenanted time of seruice with the East Indian Company and so purchased then freedome haue gone to serue this King and receiued good countenance and content in his employment of them Pegu borders vpon Arrecan and is a most plentifull and temperate Country yet hardly recouered from the desolation where with warre plague and famine had within few former yeeres infested it which is most visible in the vast Country the Cities being alwayes first and best replenished , and that all other places may the better bee so it is death to export a woman from thence and certaine profit to bring them The King is a Gentile by his Religion agreeing in all points of opinion and pactice with the Kings of Arrecan Tannassery Syam all of them in probability receiuing their Rudiments from the Chineset who without question sometimes commanded those Countries their vicinity resemblance in Phisiognomy and conformity in many customes being my best reasons to goe along with these thus farre that are of opinion the Chineses sometimes Monarchised as farre as Madagascar The King which now reigneth was Nephew to the last notwithstanding he had children which this hath supprest and hath in his time recouered from the King of Syam what hee had enforced from his Predecessor amongst others the town and Kingdom of Zangomay and therein an Englishman named Thomas Samuel who not long before had beene sent from Syam by Master Lucas Anthonison to discouer the Trade of that Country by the sale of certaine goods sent along with him to that purpose which Thomas Samuell together with all other strangers was by the King taken from Zangomay and carried to Pegu where not long after Samuel dyed the King seising vpon what he had by Inuentory with purpose as by the sequell to giue account thereof to the lawfull Proprietors The Kingdome of Pegu beginng to bee better established Merchants of diuers Nations began to repaire thither againe about their negotiations where some of Musulipatnam by conference with Moores that were Samuels associates vnderstood his death and the Kings taking his goods into his hands with the probability of recouery if sought after which they making knowne to the English at their returne to Musulipatnam it happened that Master Lucas Anthonison who imployed Samuel from Syam to Zangomay was then Agent at Musulipatnam who apprehending this encouragement consulted with his assistants and resolued to send two English with a Letter and Present to the King and some small aduenture to beare the charge of the Voyage and make tryall of the Trade which tooke place and they embarquing at Musulipatnam the tenth of September arriued at Siriam the Port of Pegu the third of October following whose entertaynment I giue you in their owne words as I finde them written in their Letters to Musulipatnam The King hearing of our comming sent foure Galliots with Presents to the Ambassador and vnto vs sending vs word that he did much reioyce at our comming into his country These Gallies hauing 50 oares of a side with eight Noblemen in them caused our Ship to come to an anchor before the town of Siriam the 7. of October the King of Pegues Brother being chiefe Gouernour sending two Noblemen abord of our Ship writing our names our age of yeeres the cause of our cōming we assuring them that we were messengers sent from Musulipatnam by our chief Captain hauing a Present a Letter vnto the King which when his Highnesse shall be pleased to receiue shall vnderstand the effect of our businesse and the cause of our comming The tenth day of October wee were sent for on shoare by the Kings Brother who sitting in a large house of Bamboson in great state bedeckt with Iewels in his eares with Gold Rings with rich stones on his fingers being a white man and of very good vnderstanding demanding of vs the question the Noblemen before did and we answering him as wee did before because that our speeches should be found alwayes as one we gaue him at that time a fine for a Present to the intent that he might speake and write to the King his Brother in our behalfe that we might haue accesse vnto the King the sooner that our businesse might haue effect The eight of Nouember the King sent for vs and the Kings Brother prouided for vs a Beate with six men to rowe and also a Nobleman with vs to Pegu to be our Guard hauing Narsarcan and Hodges Ismael with vs vnto which Nobleman we gaue a Present for in this place heere is nothing to bee done or spoken or any busines performed without Bribes Gifts or Presents Arriuing in Pegu the eleuenth of Nouember hauing our Present with vs Bany Bram
possessed the Throne which Almahadi in a great battell recouered Anno 404. but lost it soone after with his life and Isen was restored Alhameri was made Alhagiber Viceroy The Countrey was spoyled and neere Corduba almost dispeopled by Barbarians Zuleman also and Almahadis Sonne in diuers parts doing much harme against whem Isen hired Earle Sarcius restoring six Castles to him which Almanzor had taken Zuleman wan Corduba and Isen fled into Africa Now was all in combustion Ali Alcazin Hyahye Cazim Mahomet Abderramen Mahomet Hyahya Iris Isen successiuely starting in and out of the Throne so that the Kingdome of Corduba failed and euery man made himselfe Master of his charge and vsurped what he could The Ommian Race fayling the Almorauides of Africa An. 484. possessed the Kingdome Ioseph Sonne of Tessephin being called to helpe one against the other and taking all into his owne dominion He made Morocco his Seat Royall Ali his Sonne succeeded and Tessephim his Sonne was deposed An. 539. The Almoades extinguished the Almorauides After many changes and chances the Realme of Granado was erected which continued aboue two hundred and fifty yeeres vnder these Kings successiuely Mahomet Alen Alhamar Mir Almus Aben Azar Aben Leuin Ismael Mahumet Ioseph Lagus Mahumet Mah. Guadix Ioseph Balua Ioseph Aben Azar Mah. the little Ioseph M. Aben Ozmen Ismael Muley Alboracen Mah. Boabdelin Muley Boabdelin expelled by Ferdinand and Isabella A. 1492. A Relation of the Kings of Barbary after the ending of the Egyptian Chalifas to the present Xeriffian Family taken out of a Spanish Booke of that argument ABtilhac was the first King Merin in Fez He had Sonnes A Bucar and Iacob Bucar the which Iacob was Lord of Ramatto and Abtilhac left his Kingdome in his life time to his Sonne Bucar Bucar had for Sonne Yahia This Bucar ouercame King Abtolcader and dyed in the battell and he said Yahia was King vnder protection of his Vncle Iacob which was Lord of Ramatto Yahia dyed a child without issue and the said Iacob Bucar his Vncle remayned King which afterward caused himselfe to be called Muley Xeh which signifieth old King This King built new Fez which is called the white Citie hee ouercame Budebuz King of Marweccos and sometimes was Lord of Tremesen Tumbe and Sojumenza and in the yeere of our Lord 1264. he entred Spaine being called by the King of Granado Hee had three Sonnes Abuçait Aben Iacob and Aben Iucef Abuçait Abuçayt after that his father had gained Tremezen was left for King there he had one Son a child whose name is not knowne and Abuhamo begotten vpon a Christian woman Abuçait reigning in Tremezen his father Iacob Aben Iucef dyed and his younger Son Aben Iacob reigned in his steed in Marweccos Sojumenza and Algarue and besieged Tremezen against his brother Abuçait and the said Aben Iacob left two Sonnes Abucale and Aliborregira which afterward was drowned by Aborabec Abucalec the eldest Sonne of Aben Iacob had a Sonne called Abuhumer who dyed and was neuer King himselfe But left two Sons Botheyd and Aborabec both which were Kings Abuçait dying at the end of foure yeeres left as I said before two Sonnes the eldest for vnderstanding we call the Old who reigned a yeere and a halfe after the death of his father and dyed without issue and Abuhamo which afterward was King in his steed The foresaid child being dead his brother Abuhamo reigned in his steed who afterward was called Abuhertab and his Vncle Aben Iacob besieged him in Tremezen seuen yeeres after whose death the siege was raysed and the said Abuhamo afterward with the ayde of D. Iayme of Aragon gained Ceuet in the yeere of our Lord 1310. After that Aben Iacob was dead his Sonne Abucalee tooke possession of the new Citie but his Vncle for hatred that he bore him caused them to receiue for King Botheyd who was Sonne vnto Abuhamer that dyed and neuer had beene King himselfe and the said Botheyd pursued Abucalee and slue him and reigned after him Botheyd after that his Vncle had saluted him for King dyed without issue After that Botheyd was dead the Christians raysed his brother Aborabe for King Then the Moores would haue had Ali Berregira King younger Sonne to Aben Iacob which was the sixt King and so after much warres betweene them at length Aborabee ouercame him and commanded him to bee drowned And after Aborabee had reigned two yeeres he dyed without issue After Aborabee dyed his great Vncle Aben Iucef Abuçayt was made King in Fez hee had two Sonnes Abohali and Abuhaçen This Aben Iucef Abuçait gained many Cities in Spaine in the yeere of our Lord 1318. and 1322. Albohali wounded his father in the warres and made himselfe to bee called King of Fez and his father being sicke besieged him and they came to agreement that his father should giue him Sojumensa and the halfe of the treasure of Fez and his father should remayne with Marweccos Algarue and Fez The said Albohali had two Sonnes Buzayn and Bahamon Albuhazen was receiued for King in the life of his father for his brother Albohali was disinherited for wounding his father This Albuhaçen had three Sonnes Abtulmalic Abtolrahmin and Abuhenan he was King of Fez Marueccos Algarue Sojumenza Tremezen and Tunes Abtulmalic was King of Algezira he past into Spaine in the yeere of our Lord 1340. and was ouercome by the Christians which they call La victoria del salido and in the warres of Xeres hee dyed Abtolramin his other brother rose with the Citie Mequines and his Father cut off his head Abuhenan rose with the Kingdome of Fez and fought against his father Albuhaçen ouercame him he made in Fez the Colledge which is called The Colledge of Abuhenan He had three Sonnes Muley Buçayt and Muley Zaet and Iacob Abuçayt sent his brother Zaet to succour Gibraltar who was taken Prisoner by the Kings of Granada and Abuçayt was killed by his owne subiects leauing one Sonne called Abtilhac Zaet vnderstanding the death of his brother got liberty and ayde of the King of Grada and recouered Fez After the death of Zaet Abtilhac Sonne of Abuçayt was King who was slaine by treason by one of his owne subiects who thought to vsurpe the Kingdome but Zaet Benimerine next heire vnto Abtilhac recouered it againe by force of armes within few moneths and put to death the Vsurper Zaet left for heires two Sonnes Muley Mahamet and Muley Nacer Muley Mahamet succeeded his father in the Kingdome and had two Sonnes to wit Muley Ahmat and Muley Naçant Muley Ahmat succeeded his father and had one Daughter called Lalalu which was forced to marry with the Xarife and dyed without issue for griefe of the death of her father and three Sonnes Muley Bucar which dyed in the warre when King Buhason recouered Fez and Muley Muhamet and Muley Alcasery which was King vpon conditions in the absence of his
compasse 48. Other wonders there 49. 50. Enlarged with a new Citie by Nabuchodonosor ibid. Babylonian Historie to these times 60. seq Destruction thereof 63. The taking thereof by Seleuchus 73. It is the Mother Citie of Iewes 124. The ruines 125. Thereby is signified Rome 141. Reduced by Zopyrus 342 Babylas his bones 72 Bagdet Bachdad or Baldach supposed Seleucia 51. 64. 242 Why called Babylon 63. Built by Bugiafar ibid. Destroyed 64. Victualled how 65. The state thereof in Beniamins time 147. 148. The whole Storie 237. 238. seq 242 243 Bacala in the East Indies 461 Bachdad Citie 50 Bacchus and his Priests 109 665 Baccalaos 30 Bachsi of the Tartars 418 Bactrians their cruell Rites 399 Badurias King of Cambaya 537 Baduini a kind of heretical Mores 757. 768 Bagdad built 1028 Baiazet the first taken by Tamerlan 282 Baiazet the second 283. 284 Baldiuias entertainment in Arauco 411 Baitull 80 Baithos and Baithoscans 129 Baly Iland described 611 Bals or Bels worne in mens yards 496 Balme of Gilead the Trees 92 In Arabia 226. In Amara 743 In Brasil 912 Balsam brought from Gilead to Cairo thence to Mecca 274 Bambyce the Syrian Goddesse so called 68 Banus the Heremite 123 Banians and their Superstition 240. 241 Banda Ilands 578. 607. The Commodities and Factories there 607. 608 Bantam described 609. 610. The English Factorie there 610 611 Baptizing of Proselites 97 Barbarussa or Barbarossa 676 677 Barchosba his end a warning for all such as fight against God their Souereigne 142 Barents his Discouery and wintering in the North east 782 Baruchne a huge Bird 210 Baruch interpreted by Herodotus 58 Bargu Plaine and the Rites there 429 Barkleys Trauels 423 Baris a Hill in Armenia 35 Barbaria whence so called 668 The Map of Barbary ibidem The Seriffo of Barbary his History 695. 696. Ciuill Warres in Barbary 697. 698. Regions of Barbary 700. 701. The conditions of the Inhabitants in the Cities of Barbary 704. 705 Basan 85 Basilides a Priest 72 Bathy or Bathu his exploits 361 Basiliske a Serpent 623 Bats great as Hens 565 Battell his Trauels 726 Barwels bauldnesse with cold 931 Beautie in fowlest deformitie 721 vide Gul-gallants and Fashion-mongers Beads vsed in Prayer by Turkes 312 Beasts whence their crueltie 15 Cleane and vncleane 33. Their awe of man and becomming food to man 36 Beasts sacred 460 Beasts worshipped 461. Execution by Beares 978 Beares of wonderfull greatnesse 564 Becca the same with Mecca 273 Beduines a Sect of the Arabians 221 Bedauyae or Bednois 231 Beetle worshipped 636 Beelsamen 75 Belzebub 80 Behemoth the huge Oxe mentioned in Iob Iewish tales of him 210 Bel and Belus deified 46. Called Baal Beelsamen 77. 81 Beelzebub Arbelus ibid. His creating the World 49. His Temple and Tower at Babylon 50. Golden vessels and Altar ibid. Bel chiefe Idol of Babylon 50. 56 Whither Bel and Baal bee the same 57. His name Rites c. 57. 58. His Sepulchre 56. By whom worshipped 58. His Priests 58. 59 Bel and the Dragon 58 Belus Author of Astronomie 49 50. His Temple clensed by Alexander ib. supposed the tower of Babel yet remayning 50. Supposed to be Nimrod 61 Belaeus Riuer 79 Belesus or Phul Beloch 62 Belgrade taken 273 Belgian an hill 381 Bellarmines errour of Paradise 15. Of Daniel 57. Of Antiochus 74. Of Miracles 81. 82 Of Abraham 95 Of the Sabbath 20. Of Monkes of Saint George 319. Of Confession 198. His testimony of Scripture and the translation thereof 169 170 Beltis Bealtis and Belissima 78 Bels vsed in Cathay 404. China 470. In Iapon very great 597 When first found and founded 602 Bels of Gold in America 795 Bemoini and his actiue people 692 Bengala Kingdome described 508 509. Their deuotions at Ganges 509. 510 Bengala gulfe described 579 993. seq Bengalan three hundred thirty fiue yeeres old 588 Benecochab his Imposture 141 114 Benioin a Gumme 570 Benedictus Goes his trauels from Lahor to China 413. 414 Benomotapa 72. seq Their Rites 722 Berecynthia or the Mother of the Gods 71 Berenice on the Red Sea 783 Bereshith with Iewish Comments 177. 178 Bermuda why so called and how otherwise 960. Commodities and situation thereof ibid. Plantation there 961 Berosus counterfeit 34. His testimony of the Floud ibid. Other fragments of him 45. 46 Best his Sea fight 613 Betelle 552. A description of the Plant Bettele 568 Beuer a beast 564 Bezar-stone 570 Bezars how taken out of Goates 1003 Beniamin Tudelensis his errour of Samaritans 136. His trauels and obseruations 63. 146. seq The state of the Iewes in his time 146. 147. seq Biblos whence so called 82 Bidrach Citie and Vniuersitie 146 Biledulgerid or Date Region described 706. 707 Birataca a Beast of incredible stench 564 Birds Preachers 719. Ilands ful of Birds 831 Birds of Brasile 912. 913. Tale of a huge Bird 210. Of other Birds 399 Birds of Paradise 565 Birra on Euphrates 63. 65 Bisertae supposed Vtica 641 Bisnagar 572. 993. The Kings haughtie stile 573 Bitumen or slimie Pitch 50. From a Fountaine neere Bagdet ibid. Blacke colour esteemed aboue White 721. The cause ibid. Blacke neuer worne by Turkes 303 Bliomum an Idol worshipped of the Arabians 242 Bloud prohibited 35. By the Zabij eaten in communion with the Deuill 53. 54. Iewish obseruations thereof 110. Mahometicall prohibstion 253. Drunke by the Tartars and others 431 People that will shed no bloud 240. 241. Bloud stayed from issuing by force of a Iewell or bone of a Caball 579. Bloud not seene in much effusion therof 662. Bloud in the Temple at Ierusalem 216 Boats of horse skins 391. Of Leather 793. Of Birch barke 802 Of fish skinnes 820. Of Seales skins ibid. Bomelius rosted 980 Bodies Vanitie 23 Boghar 425 Bona where situate 669 Bonito-fish 566 Boris brother to Irenia 980. made Protector 984. his bloudy staires to the Throne 988. 991. His Empire and end 992 Borneo the description thereof 578. 579 Bone of a man of huge bignesse 210 Bonzij in Iapon their Sects and Rites 594. 595 Booke of Scripture Nature the Creature 23 Bookes of the Law of Life and a third sort 196. 197 Booke of Butchery 171. Mahomets Booke of Iudgement 259 Bookes ascribed to Abraham Salomon Iob c. 701. Bookes of leaues of trees 896 Boots Shooes in America 793 Boriquen described 954 Borsippa a Citie sacred to Apollo and Diana 54 Bosarman or Musulman a Mahumetan Conuert 258 Botanter described the strange Rites there 512 Botelius his strange Nauigation 623 Boucan and boucaning mans flesh 914. 915. Sir Ierome Bowes his Russian Embassage 982. seq Brachmanes their Opinion of a better World 478. Their Rites 479. Sects 479. 480 Bramenes both Secular and Religious 547. seq How respected ibid. They haue their shops of Merchandise their Habit Vow and Funerals their Fasts Opinions and Obseruations their estimation Arts c. 547. 548. 549. Their Writing Learning Superstition 997 Bramenes Pope 559 Brama or Brema 472
number specially obserued by the Tartars 404. 419 Nisibis peopled by the Iewes 64 Nisroch an Assyrian Idoll 66 Nitocris not inferiour to Semiramis 49 Noah his wife 29. His Sacrifice 33. 35. His Posteritie 36. The names giuen him by Heathens 44. Zabij their conceit of him 49. Worshipped by the Armenians 344 Nomades Vide Tartars Scythians Arabians Turkes Northeast Discouery 792 North and Northwest 801. 828 Noses flat a great beautie with Tartars 420. With Chinois 436. In Brasill 906. People that haue no Noses 149. Short Noses esteemed beauty 518 Noua Albion 853. 854 Noua Zimla 856. Hollanders wintering there and their long night ibid. Noyra an Indian Fowle 564 Nubae and Nubia 723. 1026 Numas Temple of Vesta 9 Fable of Aegeria 27 Numidia described 706. 707. seq Nunnes of Mithra 57. Nunnes in China 465. 466. In Comar 478. Amongst the Indians 479. In Pegu 505. In Iapon 592. In Mexico 896 Nunnes wile to preserue her chastitie 1027 Nutmegs how growing 569 Nymphaeum 68 Nymphes 87 O OAnnes a strange Monster 47. 80 Ob Riuer 432 Obedience of selfe-killing vpon command 1041 Obeliske of Semiramis at Babylon 49 Obeliske in Aegypt 633. In Aethiopia 726 Oblations of the Iewes 115. Gifts or Sacrifices 115. 116 Ocaca Rockes and the Confessing there 596. 597 Occada the Tartarian Emperour his Reigne 405. 406 Ochon his Acts 235 Ochus the Persian 647 Odia a great City 782 Offerings 115. Burnt Offerings 116. Meat Offerings and Peace Offerings ibid. Personall Offerings 119. 120 Ogge the Giant his huge bones 210 Ogiges his Floud 34 Ogoshasama his Acts 591 Oisters wonderfull great 513 Oisters with Pearles 566 Old Man of the Mountaine 218 219 Omar and his Acts 215 Omar sonne of Alchittab succeeded Abubecr in the Califate 1018. He conquered Persia Syria Egypt and Palaestina 1019 His Priuiledges granted to Ierusalem ibid. He is killed ibid. Omar sonne of Abdulacis the fifteenth Chalifa 1025. Hee was Iust Deuout Religious ibid. Omarca or Omorka 47 Onias built a Temple in Aegypt 104. 651. His City Onion ibid. Onions worshipped of the Chaldees 52. Of the Aegyptians 634 How vsed at Fez Ophir the situation and description thereof 756. Supposed Sofala ibid. Ophitae a Sect of Iewes 135 Opium much eaten by Turkes 303. Where it groweth 570 Oracles at Hierapolis at Delphos and Daphne 70. 356. 357. Of the Aegyptians 643. 644. Of Iupiter Ammon 665. 666 Orbs how many supposed 8. But supposed ibid. Oram or Oran 678 Ordnance by whom inuented 527 Called Metal-deuils Fire-breathing Buls c. ibid. Orenoque Riuer 898 Orion or Otus a Giant 32 Orimazes and Arimanius 367 Orissa or Orixa how situate 511 512 Orites certaine people of India 37 Orontes a Riuer 72 Orodes or Herodes 353 Ormisda King of Persia his reigne 363 Ormuz lately taken by the Persians 580 Orpha a Towne in the way from Byr to Babylon 64 Osel or Ossell an Iland in the Balticke Sea 981 Osiris 78. His Legend 635. 636 Feast of seeking Osiris 114 Ossens 133 Ostriges 625 Othes of the Hasidees 125. Of the Pharisees 128. Of the Mahumetans 256 Otoman Family of the Turkes 281. 282 Otoman or Osman his Exploits 282. 283. seq His Murther 294. 295 Otsman the fourth Emperour of the Muslims 1020. Hee is accused and killed ibid. Owle obserued by the Tartars and had in great reuerence 403 Oxe of huge greatnesse 210. 853 vide Behemoth Oxe-fish 913. 914 Oxus a Riuer running vnder ground 402 Oyle-fountaine 395 Ozimen or Odmen 275 P PAchacamac 935 Pacorus his Exploits 354 Pagods and Varelles in Pegu 505. In Bengala 509. In Goa 545 Palace of Benhadad 233. Of Golchonda 995 Palaestina the situation and description thereof 83. 84. 91. The last Inhabitants thereof 213 Palicat a Dutch Fort in East India 964 Palme-wine 564 Palmita 563. Called Taddye ibid. Palladius his Horsemanship 342 Pantogia his Chinian Iourny 414 His Opinions of China ibid. Paphlagonia how situate 330 Whence so called ibid. Paquin chiefe Citie of China whither Cambalu 439. 440. The description thereof 440 Paradise the differing Opinions concerning it 15. seq The Riuers and Fruit thereof 15. 16 17. Mercators Map thereof 16. Two Paradises 161. Golden Tree in Paradise 263 Paradise of Aladeules 64. 380. Of the Iewes 206. Of Mahomet 253. 254. 263. Of Turkes 313 Of the Siamites Parents how to bee esteemed 516 Paria the situation and description thereof 899 Parchment why so called 318 Pariacaca Hils in Peru of strange qualitie 934 Parthians their History 62 Parasceue 110 Parrots and the seuerall kinds 565 Troublesome to some Countries as Crowes here 816 Parthia the situation and description thereof 352. 353 Paschall Feast 110. How obserued ibid. seq Paschall Lambes how many in one Feast and how vsed ibid. How the Moderne Iewes prepare to it and obserue it 194. 195 Passarans a kinde of Indian Essees 610 Paste-god of the Mexicans or Transubstantiation 881 Patricius his Chaine of the World 7. His Opinion of the Moone 16. Of Zoroasters Opinions 142 Patriarches of Constantinople 324. The other Patriarches and Easterne Bishops 325. The Patriarch of Aleandria 659. Patriarches of Aethiopia 752 Patane a Citie and Kingdome 495. 511. The Description thereof and of the Neighbouring petty Kingdomes 495. 496 497 Patenaw a Kingdome 511. 512 Paulina abused by Mundus in Isis Temple 635 Peace-offerings of the Iewes 116 Pearles how fished for 566. Where the best ibid. How ingendred ibid. Peacockes had in high account 412 Pegu the situation thereof 498. The greatnesse of the King of Pegu 498. 499. The commodities of Pegu and the Kingdomes adioyning thereunto ibidem The destruction and desolation of Pegu 500. 501. 502. The Elephants there white ibid. 503. The Peguan Rites Customes 502 503. seq Their dwelling in Boats 504. Temples Images Priests 505. 506. Their opinions of God the World the state after death their originall 507 Deuotions to the Deuill Munday Sabbaths Washings Feasts ibid. Their opinions of Crocodiles and Apes and their Funerals 507. 508. The King of Pegu his entertainment to the English 1006 Pehor and Baal Pehor 85 Peleg why so called 95 Pentecost 195 Penguins a kinde of Fowles where found and the description of them 716 Pepper how it groweth 569 Pella a Citie of refuge 132. 133 Penance vide Punishment Pergamus and Pergamenae 335 Perimal King of Malabar 550 617. The signe of Perimal erected 553. 617. His Generation 560 Permacks their Religion and Rites 432 Permians 431. They are subiect to the Russe their manner of liuing 431. 432 Persis 141. 142 Persecution of Christians 1024 Persia the situation thereof 356 The Persians whence descended ibidem The beginning of the Persian Monarchie by Cyrus 356. 357 The succession of Cyrus and Cambyses 358. The succeeding Persian Monarchs vntill Alexanders Conquest 359. 360. The Persian Chronologie 360. sequitur The Kings of the first and second Dynastie 360. 361 362. sequitur Persian magnificence and other their Antiquities 365. 366. Their Riches Epicurisme Excesse in Apparell Dyet
848 Saualets many Voyages Sciequian Sect 463 Sclauonian Tongue the large extent thereof 973 Scribes not a Sect but a Function 132. The Historie of them 132. 133. Two sorts of them 132 Scriptures sense how diuerse 14 The mysticall is miste-all and missecall 16. Opinions concerning the Scripture 169. First penned by Moses 175. Digested by Ezra 87. Numbers of the Bookes Chapters Verses Who first Authour of Chapters 159 The Trent Decree of Translations 168. Iewes respect to the Scripture 168. 169 Seyles King of the Scythians his misfortunes 398 Scythia a great part of the World contayned vnder the name 396 Why so called ibid. The people religion language and manner of life 396 397. Their Temples Diuination Funerals c. 397. 398 Their cruelty and hatred of Forreigne Rites ibidem Particular Nations in Scythia their Acts and Rites 398. 399. seq Scythes a Monster 396 Scythilmus 45 Sea the Creation thereof 10. Diuision thereof 575. Commodities thereof ibid. The Red Sea 84 582. 583. seq 775. seq A large Discourse of the Sea and many Obseruations thereof 571. 572. seq The forme greatnesse depth ibid. The profit motion and saltnesse 573. 574 The Sea Original of Fountaines 574. Varieties of Seas 575. 576 The Persians and Mogol haue no power by Sea 293 Seales a kind of Fishes 435 Seba Peopler and people of Arabia 37. 225. The Region of Seba 143 Sebua Sebuaeans 139. Sebuaeans a Sect of Samaritans ibid. Sebaste in Samaria 105 Seboraei whence so called 165 Sebyrians 432 Secsina in Barbary 700 Sects in Golchonda 995 Seed of the woman and the Serpent 27 Master Selden his deserued commendation 70. 150 Seilan or Zeilan 616. seq The riches and rarities thereof ibid. Their Temples Images Monasteries Processions 617. Their workmanship and iugling 618 Whither Seilan bee Taprobane ibid. Selim the great Turke 283. sequitur Selim the second 285. 286. Selim the great Mogol now reignning his greatnesse and conditions 519. 520 Selfe-penance vide Punishments Selfe-murther 633 Selebes they abound with Gold 578 eat mans flesh 608. Ilands neere ibid. Seleucia 63. Turned into Bagdet 50. Built by Seleucas 63. With eight other of that name 73 Seleucus worshipped 70. His historie 73 Seleuccian Family of Turkes 279 280. 281 Semiramis her Pillar 45. Her Babylon Buildings 48. 49. Not the Founder thereof ibid. Her Sepulchre 45. The first that made Eunuchs 61. Abuse of her Husbands 66. Supposed the Founder of the Temple at Hierapolis 68 Her Image there 69. In Media 350. Her inuading India 381 Senaga Riuer 714 Senacherib ouerthrowne by Mice 62. Slaine by his owne Sonnes 66 Sentence in the Court of the Iewes how giuen 98 Sentida a feeling herbe 563 Sensim an Order of Tartarian Priests who obserue great strictnesse 418 Separatists a Sect of Moores 273 Sepulchres vide Funerals Serpents eaten in America 33. Diuers kinds of Serpents in India 565. Death to kill a Serpent ibid. The King of Calicuts opinion of Serpents 565. 566. Huge Serpents in Africa 623. 624 Seuerall kinds of Serpents there ibid. Serpent vsed to tempt Eue 21. 22 His curse 23. Seed of the Serpent 27. 28 Serpent Images in Belus Temple 47 Serpent honoured by the Phaenicians 77. By the Ophitae 135 Worshipped by the Arabians 221 By the Indians 565. By the Aegyptians 637. 638. By the Adeans 652. A Serpent the Armes of the King of China 451. Tame Serpents 623 Serpents in Brasill 912. 913 Seres their Habitaion and Rites 400 Serug Author of Idolatry 45. 95 Sesostris 227 Seth his Natiuitie and Posteritie 29. 30. Artes ascribed to him 31 Sethiani a Sect of the Iewes worshippers of Seth 135 Sem Sonne of Noah 36. His Posteritie 37. The same with Melchisedec 45 Serapis his Temple and Rites 650 651 Seriffo of Barbary his History 695 696 Seuerus his seueritie 71 Seuerity Elders 99 Seuenty Weekes of Daniel 98 Sharke a Fish 953. 954 Shaugh Tamas the Story of him and of the Persian troubles after his death 585. 586 Shem and his Posteritie 37 Shemer 136. A Citie so called ibid. Sherly viz. Sir Anthony Sherley his Trauels 388. 389 Sheshack and Shacke 58 Shomron Mountaine 136 Siam Silon or Sion a Citie and Kingdome in India 490. Their Houses Inundations Monkes and Superstitions ibidem Their Gods and Religious Men 491. sequitur Their Feastes Temples Deuotions 492. The Kings greatnesse ibidem Besieged 493. Acts of the Blacke and White Kings ibidem Fury of the Iapanders there ibidem They weare Balls in their yards 496 Sibils counterfeit 35. 38 Sichem 137. Called Flauia Caesarea and Naples 143. The Sichemites Religion ibid. Sicke persons how vsed amongst the Iewes 206 Sidon the building thereof 78 Sidonians first Authors of Weights and Measures 82 Sidon first inhabited the Sea-coast 86 Siluer the nature thereof and of the Mines 797 Sinai 225. Mount Sinai how situate ibid. Sincopura Straits 579 Sinda described 532. 533 Sinne the definition and distinction thereof 24. Whence Originall Sinne and how ibidem Whither by Generation 25 Sinnes combination in our first Parents 22. The fearefull state of Sinners 28. Seuen mortall sinnes reckoned by the Turkes 301 Sinne-offering of the Iewes 116 The nature of actuall sinne 25 What accounted sinnes by the Tartars 415. 416 Sion 94 Sithuchrus the same with Noah 47. His Chaldaean Legend ibid. Sitting a signe of reuerence standing of dignitie 420 Skuls in the Temple of Mexico how many 873. In Nicaragua 888 Skuls of Parents made drinking cups 951. A Turret built of stone and Skuls 951 Slaues of Angola 766 Sleds vsed by the Samoeds drawne with Deere 432. Their swiftnesse ibid. Sleds drawn with dogs 744 Snakes vide Serpents Snake-wood where growing 570 Socatera or Socotoro 778. The description thereof 779 Socota an Idoll in Virginia 839 Sodome and Sodomites 85. Historie of Sodome 83. 84. sequitur The Sodomie of Turkes 229 230. Of Persians 371 Of Tartars 419. Of Chinois 440 Sogor a Village neere Sodome 84 Sofala 756. Supposed Ophir ibid. Soldania 761. Their cheape sale of beasts beastly habit and diet colour c. 762. 763. 764 Solyman a name of diuers Turkes 280. 284 Solyman the Magnificent his acts 284. 285 Solmissus how situate 339 Sommers Ilands 960. 961 Sophia chiefe Temple in Constantinople turned into a Meschit 306. 307 Sophi of the Turkes 321 Sorceries of the Tartars 416 Soule 13. It s immortalitie 126 The Iewes Opinion of three soules and one Sabbatary 127 Dogzijn their Opinion of the soule 220 South-sea sayled by Viloa and Alarchon 922 South Continent how great 832 By whom discouered 831 Spaniards how detested in the Philippinas 604. 605. 606. In Cuba 954. Indian conceits of them and their Horses 962 Their cruelties in the West Indies and of their peruerse Conuersion of the Indians vnto Christianitie 962. 963. sequitur Spaine infested by the Danes 1045 Spelman viz. Sir Henry Spelman his deserued commendation 116 Spirit very God 3. Our sanctifier 4. His manner of working 6. 7. Mouing on the waters 6
3. n Plinie Choul c. o Drusius addeth another reason of the name Hammon the Egyptian name of the Sunne Iupiter idem qui Sol saith Arnobius and Minutius Foelix quaest. heb. lib. 3. p Peucer de Diuinat q Strab. 17. r Plut. de defec Orac. Å¿ Ierem. 10.11 t Diod. Sic. lib. 3. cap. 5. u Curt. ibidem Pompon Mela. Plin. Solin c. x Our Bathes in England as some affirme are hotter in the night then in the day Lucret. lib. 6. y Pausan lib. 3. z In Typo Expeditionis , Al. Mag. a Pub. Ouid. b Seu. Sulpit. Dialog Filesaecus de Paroec Orig. cap. 4. c Procop de Bel. Pers lib. 1â— d Io. Boem. G Draudius in Solinum Caelius Rhod. lib. 18. cap. 38 e The like doth Villamont report of the Turkes B. Aldrete Ant. Var. lib. 4. * Leo. lib. 1. * Maginus * Ios. Scal. Ep. ad Casaub Nic. Nic. was there present b Leo lib. 5. c Bugia an Vniuersitie d Suidas Aldrete Dion l. 43. e Nic. Nicolay lib. 1. f Vrbs Carthago peninsulae ad figuram accedens binc mari inde lacu maxima sui parti cingitur Isthmus quo Africae iungitur patet stadia 25. Itaque est in huius spatii latere quod vergit ad mare Vtica modico ab vrbe interuallo in alterâ— secundam lacum est Tunis Polyb. hist ib. 1. cap. 37. g Bell. Iugurth h Poeni quasi Phoeni. i P. Oros l. 4. cap. 22. k There were in Carthage the Temples of Iuno Memoria Apollo Silius addeth of Elisa and of Venuc Coelestis or Vrania the Phoenician Astroarche Syria Dea. l Of the Punike warres and greatnesse the Romane Histories are full so also Polybius and others among the Greekes Erant tunc temporis Carthaginensium imperio subiectae omnes Africae prouinciae admare nostrum fitae à Philanorum ara qua est è regione maioris Syrtis ad Columnas vsque Herculis quod spatium vltra 16000. staÌ„durum patet Iidem freto ad colummas traiecto omnem â—ram Hispaniae subegerant vsque ad Pyrenaeos Polyb. hist lib 3. cap. 39. c Modii d Polyb. l. 3. c. 11 seq 〈◊〉 translatione Casauboni Romani histo iâ—ifâ—re omnes haec penè e Cunctator f Stad in Idorum g Hannibal in Italia semper superior quòd nisi domi ciuium fuarum inuidiâ aebilitatus esset Romanos videtur superare potuisse Aemil. Probus in Hannibale h Lib. 2. cap. 15. i Osor l. 4 c. 23. k Prosperitate ac securitate rerum corruptis moribus plus nocuisse monstretur tam cita euersa quam prius nocuerat tamdiuaduersa Carthagô August de Ciuit. Dei li 3. c. 21. l Leo lib. 5. m Ap. Hak. n Ramus sheweth by a comment also of a Portugal Pilot that this was but coasting the West part of Africke c. o Dio. Sic. l. 5. c. 7 p Gen. Chron. q Dom. Nig. r Postel de Originib Å¿ Scal ad Eus Chron. Brere de Pond Scal. proleg ad Em. T. ed. vlt. * Exposinch at ad Rom. Salust Iugurth a Alex. ab Alex. Gen. dier l. 6. c. 4 b Aelian l. 14. c. 25. c Dom. Niger Perfidi Poeni prouerb See l. 1. c. 18. d Marcel in verb. Puell vid. Lactant. l 1. c. 21 Cyrill adu Iul. l. 4. Euseb de praep. l. 4 Tert. Apologet. e Sar. l. 3. f Suidas g Aug. in Psal. 98. h See Ortel in Parergo i George Braun hath described this and Algier c. in Ciuit. Orb. Ter. k Leo. l. 5. l Sleid.. Com. l. 9. Fr. Sur. Com. Doglioni m De hac expeditione Diarium scripsit Ioan. Etrobius n Surius Com. o Knolles p. 902 i Leo l. 5. k Maginus a Mucas or Muza b Io. Vasaeus Chron. Hispan Rod. Tolet l. 3. 19. c Rod. Lantius hist Hi. p. 2. c. 37. Alfons à Carthagena c. 44. Fr. Tarapa Magorn c. d Leo l. 2 e Surius Comment f Pofiel de Orig. a Plin. l. 5. c. 20. b Solin c. 36. Draudius Martin del Rio. c Io. Leo l. 5. d Nic. Nicolay l. 1. c. 18. G. Bot Ben. Of Tripolis read T. Sanders in Hak. to 2. p. 1. e Lhasis f Leo. l. 1. g 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bas Ep. a Io. Leo. l. 4. Maginus Boter Dom. Niger Strab. l. 17. b 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 obscurus c Arias Mont. in apparatu Tremel Iun. d Salust bell Iugurth e Vitruuius l. 8 , cap. 2. f Ortel Thesaur g Cornel. Tacit. hist l. 2. h Victor Persecutionis l. 3. i Plin. l. 5. c. 1. 2. k Caesar Comm. de bello ciuili Africano l. 5. Oresius l. 6. c. 16. R. Volater l. 12. l Procop. de bello Persico Vandilico l. 4. m Pauli Diaconi Iustianus o Procop. Eadem Coelius Rhodig l. 18. b. 38. Suidas saith that they were bold and fought fleeing and returning vpon aduantage like as we read of the Parthians p In Epistola ad Solomonem q Leo l. 4. r Anno 1515. Å¿ Monst Cosmog lib. 6. t Knolls p. 625. u Surij Comm. in Annum 1534 P. Iouius lib. 33. * Knolls saith fortie sunke an hundred threescore and one Gallies and sixtie Galliots taken pag. 883. Michael Isselt Com in An. 1571 a King Iames in his Poem of Lepanto b Io. Leo l. 4. c It hath now eiâ—htie thousand persons as Boterus affirmeth and by report now exceedes d This was Hâ—riaden the Turkish Admirall e Nic. Villagagnon de bac expedit Surii Comm. in Anno 1541. Of Charles his African exploits see Iouius Etropius Caluetus Stella Nic. Mameranus c. f Algier is described by G.B. in his Ciu. Vrb Ter. g Gi. Bot. Ben. d A rich Heremite i Oran k Tegdemt l Cateches Mystagogic P. G. m Pirats of these two Pirats there is a speciall Treatise set forth 1609. n Many English Christians vnworthy either of these names turn from that faith which they neuer had but in profession to professe themselues for hell Turkish o Knolls a Ptol. l 4. c. 8. b Plinie calls this Riuer Maluana c Dom. Nig. Aph. Com. 1. d Gi. Bot. Ben. e Plin. l. 5. c. 2 . f Silius lib. 1 . g Pompon Mela lib. 1. cap. 5. cum Oliuarii annot. h Natal Comes Mythol l. 7. c. 2. i Some say threescore and ten and that Sertorius found him in his sepulchre of that length I can easily beleeue both alike k Lib. 7. cap. 7. l Chronologie and Geographie are the two eyes of Historie Chytraeus m Dom. Niger Com. Aph. 1. n Vict. Vticensis Persecutionis Vand. o Procop. de Bello Vand. p Dion Halicar lib. 1. Muust Cosin l. 6. q Theatrum Arnoldi Mermannii r Io. Leo lib. 3. Gi. Bot. Ben. Maginus m Seges est vbi Troia fuit a Fez signifieth Gold in Arabike and so doth Phaz in Hebrew Vide Leo Sanut c. b Elsewhere called Fatima c Of
making a noyse downward that they worship the Deuill vnder them There is no flesh or fish which they find dead smel it neuer so filthily but they wil eat it without any other dressing Their Deere haue skins like Asses and feet large like Oxen which were measured 7. or 8. inches in breadth There are no Riuers or running Springs but such as the Sun causeth to come of snow Sometimes they will perboyle their meate a little in kettles made of beasts skins with the bloud water which they drinke lick the bloudy knife with their tongues This licking is the medicine also for their wounds They seeme to haue traffike with other Nations from whom they a small quantity of Iron Their fire they make of heath mosse In their leather Boats they row with one oare faster then we can in our Boats with all our oares §. IIII. Discoueries by IOHN DAVIS GEORGE WEYMOVTH and IAMES HALL to the North-West MAster Iohn Dauis in the yeere 1585. made his first voyage for the North-west discouery and in 64. degrees and 15. minutes they came on shore on an Iland where they had sight of the Sauages which seemed to worship the Sunne For pointing vp to the Sunne with their hands they would strike their breasts hard with their hands which being answered with like action of the English was taken for a confirmed league and they became very familiar They first leaped and danced with a kind of Timbrel which they strucke with a sticke Their apparell was of beasts and birds skins buskins hose gloues c. Some leather they had which was dressed like the Glouers leather The 6. of August they discouered land in 66. deg. 40. min.. They killed white Beares one of whose fore-feet was fourteene inches broad so fat that they were forced to cast it away It seemed they fed on the grasse by their dung which was like to Horse-dung they heard Dogs howle on the shore which were tame They killed one with a Collar about his necke hee had a bone in his pisle these it seemed were vsed to the Sled for they found two Sleds The next yeere he made his second voyage wherein hee found the Sauage people tractable They are great Idolaters and Witches They haue many Images which they weare about them and in their Boats They found a graue wherein were many buried couered with Seales skinnes and a Crosse laid ouer them One of them made a fire of Turfs kindled with the motion of a sticke in a piece of a boord which had a hole halfe thorow into which hee put many things with diuers words and strange gestures our men supposed it to be a sacrifice They would haue had one of the English to stand in the smoke which themselues were bidden to doe and would not by any meanes whereupon one of them was thrust in and the fire put out by our men They are very theeuish They eate raw Fish grasse and Ice and drinke salt-water Heere they saw a whirlewinde take vp the water in great quantitie furiously mounting it vp into the ayre three houres together with little intermission They found in 63. degrees 8. minutes a strange quantitie of Ice in one entire masse so bigge that they knew not the limits thereof very high in forme of land with Bayes and Capes like high-cliffe-land they sent their Pinnasse to discouer it which returned with information that it was onely Ice This was the 17. of Iuly 1586. and they coasted it till the thirtieth of Iuly In the 66. deg. 33. min.. they found it very hot and were much troubled with a stinging Fly called Muskito All the Lands they saw seemed to bee broken and Ilands which they coasted Southwards till they were in foure and fifty and a halfe and there found hope of a passage In the same voyage he had sent the Sun-shine from him in 60. degrees which went to Iseland and on the seuenth of Iuly had sight of the Gronland and were hindered from harbour by the Ice They coasted it till the last of Iuly Their houses neere the Sea-side were made with pieces of wood crossed ouer with poles and couered with earth Our men played at foot-ball with them of the Iland The third voyage was performed the next yeere 1587. wherein Mr Dauis discouered to the 73. degree finding the Sea all open and forty leagues betweene land and land hauing Groenland which hath an Iland neere it to the West for the loathsome view of the shore couered with snow without wood earth or grasse to be seene and the irkesome noise of the Ice called Desolation in 59. on the East and America on the West The Spanish Fleet and the vntimely death of Master Secretarie Walsingham the Epitome and summary of Humane worthinesse hindered the prosecution of these intended Discoueries In the yeere 1602. Captain George Weymouth made a voyage of Discouery to the Northwest with two Fly-boats set forth by the Muscouy Company saw the South part of Gronland and had water in 120. fadome blacke as thick as puddle and in a little space cleere with many such enterchanges The breach of the Ice made a noise as a thunder-clap and ouerturning had sunke both their Vessels if they had not with great diligence preuented it They had store of Fogges some freezing as they fell In 68 deg. 53. min.. they encountred an Inlet forty leagues broad and sailed West and by South in the same 100. leagues Iames Hall An. 1605. sailed to Groenland from Denmarke and had like encounters of Ice yeelding in the breach no lesse noise then if fiue Canons had beene discharged with people also like those which in Frobishers Voyage are mentioned they make sailes of guts sowed together for their fishing Boats and deceiued the Seales with Seales-skin garments Groenland is high Mountainous full of broken Ilands alongst the Coasts Riuers nauigable and good Bayes full of fish Betweene the Mountaines are pleasant Plaines and Vallies such as a man would scarce beleeue He saw store of Fowle no beasts but blacke Foxes and Deere The people seemed a kind of Samoydes wandering in Summer by companies for Hunting and Fishing and remouing from place to place with their Tents and Baggage they are of reasonable stature browne actiue warlike eate raw meat or a little perboyled with bloud Oyle or a little water which they drinke their apparell beasts of fowles skinnes the hairy or feathered side outward in Summer in the Winter inward their arrowes and darts with two feathers and a bone-head they haue no wood but drift they worship the Sunne Anno 1606. He made a second Voyage thither found their Winter houses built with Whales bones couered with Earth and Vaults two yards deepe vnder the Earth square They call Groenland in their language Secanunga Vp within the Land they haue a King carried on mens shoulders The next yeere he sailed thither the third time and in a fourth Voyage 1612. was slaine
there by a Sauage in reuenge as was thought for some of the people before shipped from thence They haue Hares white as snow with long furre Dogs which liue on Fish whose pisles as also of their Foxes are bone Their Summer worke is to dry their Fish on the Rocks Euery one both man and woman haue each of them a Boat made with long pieces of Firre couered with Seales skins sowed with sinewes or guts about twenty foot long and two and a halfe broad like a shittle so light that one may carry many of them at once so swift that no ship is able with any winde to hold way with them and yet vse but one oare which they hold by the middle in the middest of their Boat broad at both ends wherewith they row forwards and backwards at pleasure Generally they worship the Sunne to which they pointed at our approach saith Baffin striking on their brests and crying Ilyout not comming neere till you doe same They bury in out-lands on the tops of hils in the heapes of stones to preserue from the Foxes making another graue hard by wherein they place his Bow and Arrowes Darts and other his vtensils They bury them in their apparell and the cold keepes them from putrefaction Anno 1606. Mr Iohn Knights made a North-west voyage lost his Ship sunke with Ice and was with three more of his company surprised by the Sauages of whose language hee wrot a pretty Dictionary which I haue seene with M. Hakluyt §. V. Of King IAMES his Newland alias Greeneland and of the Whale and Whale-Fishing I Will not heere beginne with records of Discoueries in these parts written two thousand yeeres since out of which Mr Doctor Dee is reported to haue gathered diuers Antiquities antiquated by Antiquitie and rotten with age nor to shew that King Arthur possessed as farre as Greeneland nor that Sir Hugh Willoughby discouered hitherto as some coniecture but content my selfe with later Discoueries and Obseruations Much hath been spent both of Cost Industrie and Argument about finding a more compendious way to the Indies by the Northwest and by the North-East and by the North. Of the first somewhat hath been spoken Of the second were the Voyages of Master Stephen Burrough Pet and Iacman our Countrey-men and of the Hollanders in the yeere 1594. and the three following before by vs mentioned in a duer place as appertaining to Asia for they found themselues by Astronomicall obseruation in a hundred and twelue Degrees fiue and twenty minutes of Longitude and threescore and sixteene of Latitude in the place where they wintered They had touched more Northerly in some parts as is thought of Greene-land sailing along by the Land from fourescore Degrees eleuen minutes vnto Noua Zemla I omit their red Geese in one place of this Voyage their azure-couloured Ice in another place and the losse of their Ship in the Ice which constrained them to set vp a house to Winter in that Land of Desolation This building they beganne about the 27. of September Stilo Nouo the cold euen then kissing his New-come Tenants so eagerly that when the Carpenters did but put a naile in their mouths after their wont the Ice would hang thereon and the bloud follow at the pulling out In December their fire could not heat them their Sack was frozen and each man forced to melt his share thereof before he could drinke it their melted Beere drinking like water They sought to remedie it with Sea-cole fire as being hotter then the fire of Wood which they had store of though none there growing by drifts and stopped the chimney and doores to keep in the heat but were suddenly taken with a swounding which had soone consumed them if they had not presently admitted the aire to their succor Their shooes did freeze as hard as horns on their feet and as they sate within doores before a great fire seeming to burne on the fore-side behinde at their backs they were frozon white the Snow meane-whiles lying higher then the house which sometimes in clearer weather they endeuoring to remoue cut out steps so ascended out of their house as out of a Vault or Seller They were forced to vse besides store of cloathes and great fires stones heated at the fire and applyed to their feet and bodies and yet were frozen as they lay in their Cabins yea the cold not onely staid their Clocke but insulted ouer the fire in some extremities that it almost cast no heat so that putting their feet to the fire they burnt their hose and discerned that also by the smell before they could feele the heat They supposed that a barrell of water would haue been wholly frozen in the space of one night which you must interpret of their twelue houres glasse for otherwise they saw no Sunne after the third of Nouember to the 24. of Ianuary reckoning by the new Calendar a thing strange to be without the Sunne fifttie dayes before the Solstice which happened after their account on December 23. and yet within forty one dayes after might see the vpper circle of the Sun-rising aboue the Horizon which made great question whether their Eyes had deceiued them or the Computation of time in that long Night which both being found otherwise by their obseruation and experience caused no lesse wonder whether this timely approach should be attributed to the reflexion by the water or the not absolute roundnesse of the Earth in those parts or the false accounting of the Solstice or which some affirme the falshood of their calculations But I leaue this to Philosophers Our Author affirmes that when the Sunne had left them they saw the Moone continually both Day and Night neuer going downe when it was in the highest Degree the twi-light also remaining many dayes and againe they might see some day-light sixteene dayes before they saw the returne of the Sunne The Beares which had held them besieged and often endangered them forsooke them and returned with the Sunne the white Foxes all that while visited them of which they tooke many whose flesh was good Venison to them and their skins in the linings of their Caps good remedies against that extremitie of Cold. As for their feet they vsed Pattents of wood with sheepe-skinnes aboue and many socks or soles vnderneath they vsed also shooes of Rugge and Felt. These Beares were very large and cruell some of them yeelding skins thirteene foot long and a hundred pounds of fat which serued them for Oyle in their Lampes the flesh they durst not eate some of them forfeiting their whole skinnes after they had eaten of the Liuer of one of these eaters which deuoure any thing not sparing their owne kinde For the Hollanders hauing killed one Beare another carried it a great way ouer the rugged Ice in his mouth in their sight and fell to eating it they made to him with their weapons and chased him from his purchase but found