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A09766 The secrets and wonders of the world A booke right rare and straunge, containing many excellent properties, giuen to man, beastes, foules, fishes and serpents, trees, plants &c. Abstracted out of that excellent naturall historiographer Plinie. Translated out of French into English.; Naturalis historia. English. Abridgments Pliny, the Elder.; Alday, John, attributed name.; I. A. 1585 (1585) STC 20032; ESTC S110483 38,595 64

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a knife they haue tayles like to fishes Déere that are oppressed with Dogges if they can finde no water for their refuge then they retire to man the Female beare eight wéekes and oftentimes two and for to bring them foorth they séeke secret places not néere the hye wayes accustomed by men The Hinde teacheth her yong ones to runne to feare and to leape the Males that haue left the Females haue their mussell blacke when they knowe them selues heauy they séeke secret places they will stande still to heare the cry of the Dogs they runne with the winde to take away the smell of the trase they reioyce to heare whistling and to heare a noyse of singing Moreouer the Hart is simple and all things are to him marueilous if that he see a man with a bowe or a crosse bowe he looketh more on them then on the mā the Males haue hornes and in the spring time they cast their hornes that day that they léese their hornes they hide them selues as all astonied sorowfull as they that haue lost their armours It is sayde that the right horne can not bee founde for that they hide them in the ground At the burning of the hornes the Serpents flye away their hornes grow till they be thrée score yéeres old and the said time passed there commeth vp others like and thē they neuer fall after that there is no knowledge of their age but their age is knowē by their téeth they being without hornes féede in the night and when their hornes beginne to come they will butte and runne against the trées they liue a hundreth yéeres they neuer haue the Feuer or Ague and therefore some dames alwayes delight to breake their fast with Venison by the which meanes they haue liued a hundreth yéeres without hauing the Ague Camelion liueth not but by the ayre and chaungeth his colour according to the thing he toucheth sauing white and redde they ingender in Affrica and in India The Beares doe ioyne with the Females in the beginning of Winter not as other foure footed beastes doe for the Male and the Female lye downe embracing and after that they doe retire in sundry caues and the Female doeth bring forth her yong ones within thirty dayes and most cōmonly bringeth fiue which haue the skinne white deformed without haire and eyes and there appeareth but their clawes in licking of them they are figured There is nothing so little of man as to sée the Beare bring foorth her yong she hideth her foure monethes and the Male fourtie dayes they couche or lye vppon soft leaues and the first fourtéene dayes they sléepe so soūdly that you shall scarce waken them with strokes then they fatten much and their fatte or grease is conuenable to many medicines also to kéepe haire from sheading They being weakened for the most part stande vp and liue with the licking of their fore féete they warme their yong against their breasts they haue little blood about the heart and lesse in the body they haue little eyes and as feble or weake heads as the Lyon hath strong therefore they defend their heades with their fore féete when they fall and leape from the Rockes or when they are bayted with Dogges The Dogges among all other beastes that vnto vs are common are most faithfull We haue true histories of men that haue bene defended from théeues by their Dogges others haue fought to reuenge their maisters death and constrained the murtherer to confesse the déede Two hundreth Dogs did rescue by force the king Garamantus being taken by the hands of his enemies Many people haue assembled Dogges together for the warre We reade of Dogges that haue cast them selues into the fire when in times past their maisters body haue bene burned We reade also of a Dog of Nicomedes the king of Bythinia to haue almost torne the Quéene in pieces for that she played familiarly with the king the Dog thinking it had bene for harme A Senatour of Rome was defended by his Dogge on a night retourning to his house from the handes of those that would haue put him to death At Rome a prisoners Dogge would neuer depart from the prison doore and when his maister was dead he would eate nothing and when bread was giuen him he brought it to his maisters mouth The same Dog was séene openly to holde vp his maisters body being cast into the Riuer of Tyber They know their maister and vnderstand his voyce aboue all other beastes they doe best knowe a mans voyce and their names they doe remember the wayes and iourneyes be they neuer so farre off and there is noue of so long a memorie except man In their chase they haue great diligence specially houndes In India they tie proude Bitches to trées and the Tygres do couer them by the which meanes commeth fierce and cruell Dogges The king of Albania did giue to Alexander the great a Dogge of marueilous highnesse which would take Lyons and Elephants The Females haue whelpes thrée times a yéere lightly and they carrie them two monethes they are borne blinde they can not see till seuen dayes after they be whelped If she bring but one whelpe it séeth not till the ninth day the better whelpe is that that the Bitch bringeth out first or that that seeth last Horses are faithfull and full of great knowledge for they knowe their maisters and they that attende on them Many are singuler in their doings the Males liue till fifty yéeres and the females lesse at sixe yéeres the males grow no more and the females but fiue yéeres Among the beastes they haue least fertilitie The most egrest and fiercest Horses put their nose mussell déepest in the water to drinke and haue almost as many diseases as men Asses there hath bene bought for foure hundreth Crownes In Acaia they are much requested to haue Mules They feare colde the Males are very slowe in their worke they doe beare as doe Mares and in thirtie moneths the yong ones are ready to helpe them selues After they are horsed they must be constrained to runne or else they would reiect the séede by making water The females beare all their life which is thirty yéeres they be afrayde to wette their féete and they neuer drinke but in small and shallowe waters where they are accustomed to drinke drie footed the Females doe hide themselues when they bring foorth in darke places that they bee not séene of men they will not passe the bridges when the Sunne shineth in the water it is marueil that they runne not mad for thirst for he that dayly chaungeth their water or Riuer accustomed to drinke at must constraine them perforce to drinke The little Mule is ingendred of the Asse and of the Mare The Mules that commeth of a Horse and of a she Asse are beastes full of strength and labour The Asse that couereth the Mare bringeth forth afore her time if she before haue retained the horse but not else the seuenth day the
conceiue nor make egges nor yet haue yong Mans sense is perfect but in séeing the Eagle doth surmount him The Vulture to smell and the Mole to heare what soeuer is on the earth Fishes doeth both smell and sée and yet haue neither eare nor hole in the head Some fishes get their pray with their téeth others with their féete and others with sucking and licking according to their nature Some liue by sucking of venime as Serpentes and Spiders that haue neither blood nor heate nor sweate and to them néedeth no meates Wolues doe often times liue with earth Beastes doe fatten with drinking and therefore salt for them is necessary Those beastes that haue their téeth close doe lappe as Dogges in their drinking and they that holde their téeth together doe sowpe hume as doe Oxen and Horses The Beare in drinking séemeth to bite the water In Affrica wilde beastes drinke not in the Sommer for default of water and there are certaine beastes that neuer drinke and yet they haue alwayes thirst within the body There is that haue a bladder full of liquor in drinking thereof one shall endure long without thirst Birdes haue both amitie and warre amōg them selues as well as beastes on the earth One robbeth from the other their nestes yong ones Egges and meate All beastes hauing hart will sléepe boeth on the earth and in the water A childe newe borne to let him sléepe long is to him nourishment as he growes to age he sléepeth lesse and yong children dreame in their sléeping The eleuenth Booke treateth of little Beastes NAture hath made more meruailes and hath giuen more sense and vnderstanding to little beasts worthy of more greather memorie then the great They haue no blood but in stéede of blood haue humiditie and moisture in the body which maketh them giue both sound and voyce to aspire and respire they haue neither heart nor liuer but only certaine bowels and haue eyes other sentemēts and féelings their head moueth not without the body vnlesse it be pulled off Among the which the good flies or hony Bées haue sense and labour for the publike profite they haue among them Princes and conductours of their counsell and maner how to behaue them selues in their frequentations In the winter they are hiddē for that they can not resist the Snowes windes and frostes they make hony and waxe when they goe to their worke they neuer léese no time First they wype or rubbe their Hiue with things that are bitter as the Gumme of trées and other things for to take the taste from other beastes of the swéetnesse of their hony after ward they make their chambers or dwellings then they make their yong ones without corruption and after that they make their hony and waxe of floures and prouide foode for winter otherwise bitter meate full of humor seperated from hony On nights in their voyage when they are from their wonted place to rest they lye their belly vpward to kéepe their wings from the dewe The maner of their workes is to remaine some of them at the gate or doore of their Hyue there to kéepe watch as the custome is of a Castle in the night they rest till the morning except those that are appointed to watch of the which one of them in the morning goeth about making a sound or noyse as it were a Trūpet and then euery one departeth and flieth away if the day be faire otherwise they continue in their house they knowe the disposition of times the yong ones goe or flie abroade into the fieldes the old ones remaine to make the worke or to deuide the roomes within Some bring the flowers to the entrie of their place others doe discharge it carieth it in others bring water in their throte for to temper or giue moisture to their workes and they deuide their offices Some do garnish some pollishe some sucke and others make ready soode of that which is brought in for they liue together and doe not seperate to the end that equally their foode be deuided they make double alleyes or pathes some to come in at and some to goe foorth by the most hony is in the highest roome If there chaunce to rise a great winde whylest they are in the fieldes then they flie close to the grounde along the hedges and they take a little stone or earth to bée more waightier to the ende the winde beare them not away and lode their floures in their fore féete against their breastes Those that are appointed maisters or ouerséers of their house will chastice those that are negligent and slow They neuer file nor make filth in their Hiue they are so cleane In the night their watch being set they retire into their lodging and make a murmuring or noyse still diminishing till that one maketh the last sound or Trūpet flying in the midst of them and then they ceasse off all till the morning First they make their common houses and then the house of their king or Captaine whome they doe elect and choose Among these good flyes there are others more greater without sting which serue at the workes and to chafe or warme the yong ones betwéene their féete and they are straightly corrected and if they faile without any remissiō These make their king a faire house pinacled like a Castle seperated from other houses The lodgings of the cōmon sort haue six rowmes or corners for the worke of their sixe féete and they make them in close darke or raynie dayes and at such times they fill the vpper Celles with hony and in a faire and cléere day they goe to the fieldes The maner how the yong ones are borne there is great difficultie for they neuer couer one another There was a Romaine that made a hiue of cléere lanterne hornes for to sée their works it séemeth that they make little wormes that become flyes and before that they haue feathers there is nothing that the dame desireth more to eate when their heads are pulled of Their king is chosen in euery swarme or company and they choose him that is greatest he is knowen for he hath a spot in the forehead If he goe or flye to the fieldes the others followe him as his garde and he goeth not out of the Hiue vnlesse that all the rest doe followe If he haue a wing broken or perished hée goeth not out of the Hiue he onely taketh no paines but admonisheth them of their worke If by aduise of counsell he commeth forth euery one putteth their paine to serue him and will carry him if he be wearie If he haue a sting yet he vseth it not When they intend to depart and leaue the hiue certaine dayes before they murmure and make a noyse and flye their way by tempests Oftentimes they be at strife for their bondes floures or if one Hiue haue no foode they will spoyle another and their king doth defende them If there wante vittailes they kill