Selected quad for the lemma: king_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
king_n	contrary_a	queen_n	white_a	153,504	5	11.7546	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36231	Judge Dodaridge, his law of nobility and peerage wherein the antiquities, titles, degrees, and distinctions, concerning the peeres and nobility of this nation, are excellently set forth : with the knights, esquires, gentleman, and yeoman, and matters incident to them, according to the lawes and customes of England.; Magazine of honour	Bird, William, 17th cent.; Doddridge, John, Sir, 1555-1628.	1658 (1658)	Wing D1794; ESTC R11125	103,063	198

all_o legal_a proceed_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v style_v by_o that_o his_o dignity_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n 3._o fol._n 151._o a_o writ_n of_o formedon_n be_v bring_v against_o richard_n son_n to_o allin_n late_a earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o do_v demand_v the_o manor_n of_o c._n with_o the_o appertinent_a etc._n etc._n the_o tenant_n hy_o his_o learned_a council_n do_v plead_v that_o he_o be_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o be_v earl_n the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o writ_n purchase_v and_o demand_v judgement_n of_o the_o writ_n because_o he_o be_v not_o name_v in_o the_o same_o according_a to_o his_o dignity_n and_o title_n of_o honour_n to_o which_o the_o demandant_n say_v that_o at_o day_n and_o time_n when_o he_o do_v purchase_v the_o writ_n the_o tenant_n wat_fw-mi not_o know_v nor_o take_v to_o be_v a_o earl_n and_o it_o be_v hard_a justice_n if_o the_o writ_n shall_v abate_v without_o any_o default_n in_o the_o plantiffe_n nevertheless_o because_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o earldom_n do_v descend_v unto_o he_o before_o the_o plaintiff_n commence_v his_o action_n and_o purchase_v his_o writ_n against_o he_o therefore_o by_o judgement_n his_o writ_n be_v abate_v although_o the_o tenant_n be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n know_v or_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o earl_n but_o if_o a_o baron_n be_v plaintiff_n or_o defendant_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v not_o of_o necessity_n to_o name_n baron_n 8._o h._n 6.10_o yet_o see_v a_o distinction_n of_o baron_n concern_v this_o matter_n here_o follow_v fol._n 27._o b._n and_o so_o reynald_n grace_n be_v repute_v a_o esquire_n after_o the_o earldom_n descend_v to_o he_o till_o at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v publish_v and_o declare_v by_o the_o queen_n and_o by_o the_o herald_n that_o he_o be_v earl_n of_o kent_n in_o right_n and_o by_o descent_n although_o he_o be_v repute_v or_o name_v earl_n before_o that_o time_n dyer_n 318._o lib._n 10._o addition_n of_o name_n but_o a_o addition_n may_v be_v use_v or_o omit_v at_o pleasure_n except_o in_o some_o special_a case_n where_o process_n of_o utlary_n lie_v as_o hereafter_o follow_v the_o title_n of_o supremum_fw-la caput_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la anglicanae_n which_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o 26._o year_n of_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o &_o a_o 35._o h._n 8._o cap._n 3._o annex_v to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v no_o parcel_n of_o the_o king_n by_o stile_n but_o only_o a_o addition_n of_o the_o king_n stile_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v omit_v in_o the_o summons_n of_o the_o parliament_n as_o it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o queen_n mary_n or_o use_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n and_o by_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o so_o it_o be_v adjudge_v as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o dyer_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o queen_n mary_n fol._n 98._o and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n declare_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n 1._o &_o 2._o phil._n &_o mary_n cap._n 8.256_o see_v in_o fox_n his_o book_n of_o martyr_n fol._n 217._o a_o argument_n make_v by_o hiles_n contrary_a but_o between_o the_o majestical_a stile_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n appertain_v to_o a_o subject_a this_o cifference_n be_v between_o grant_n or_o purchase_v make_v by_o or_o to_o the_o king_n and_o grant_v or_o purchase_v make_v by_o or_o to_o a_o nobleman_n etc._n etc._n for_o in_o that_o first_o case_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o name_n of_o king_n be_v express_v otherwise_o they_o be_v void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_n but_o if_o a_o duke_n earl_n or_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n do_v purchase_v or_o grant_v by_o the_o name_n of_o baptism_n and_o surname_n omit_v other_o title_n of_o honour_n it_o be_v not_o void_a but_o good_a enough_o for_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o the_o law_n that_o every_o man_n grant_n shall_v be_v construe_v most_o strong_o against_o the_o grantor_n and_o must_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o grant_n be_v make_v and_o so_o ut_fw-la res_fw-la magis_fw-la valeat_fw-la quam_fw-la pereat_fw-la that_o the_o matter_n may_v rather_o be_v strengthen_v then_o void_a for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a diversity_n in_o law_n between_o writ_n and_o grant_n for_o if_o writ_n be_v not_o formal_o make_v they_o shall_v be_v abate_v which_o be_v no_o great_a prejudice_n than_o the_o purchase_v another_o writ_n but_o if_o a_o grant_v shall_v so_o ligerfie_v be_v make_v void_a than_o the_o party_n have_v no_o remedy_n to_o have_v a_o new_a for_o that_o cause_n the_o law_n do_v not_o favour_n advantage_n by_o occasion_n of_o misnomer_n more_o than_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n do_v require_v cook_n 6._o part_n 64._o b._n et_fw-la sequentia_fw-la false_a latin_a shall_v abate_v a_o writ_n but_o not_o a_o grant_n ibidem_fw-la and_o if_o a_o earl_n be_v plaintiff_n or_o demandant_n and_o hang_v the_o writ_n shall_v not_o abate_v but_o nevertheless_o he_o shall_v proceed_v and_o count_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o earl_n according_a to_o such_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o he_o do_v b●ar_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o action_n commence_v pasch_fw-mi 13._o edw._n 3._o brief_n 259._o pasch_fw-mi 19_o edw._n 3._o procedendo_fw-la 2.32_o hen._n 8.39_o 7._o hen._n 6.14_o b._n et_fw-la sequentia_fw-la 25._o ed._n 3.39_o 22._o rich._n 2._o brief_n 9.37_o &_o pasch_fw-mi 24._o edw._n 3.14_o but_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o a_o quere_z impedit_fw-la be_v make_v knight_n hang_v the_o writ_n the_o writ_n shall_v abate_v cook_n 7._o part_n 27._o b._n there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o h._n 5._o c._n 5._o where_o in_o be_v contain_v as_o follow_v item_n it_o be_v ordain_v and_o establish_v that_o in_o every_o original_a writ_n of_o account_n personal_a appeal_n and_o indictment_n in_o which_o the_o exigent_n shall_v be_v award_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o defendant_n in_o such_o writ_n original_a appeal_n and_o indictment_n addition_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o their_o estate_n and_o degree_n or_o mystery_n and_o the_o town_n hamlet_n or_o place_n and_o the_o county_n where_o they_o be_v or_o be_v conversant_a and_o if_o by_o process_n upon_o the_o say_v original_a writ_n appeal_n or_o indictment_n in_o the_o which_o the_o addition_n be_v omit_v any_o outlary_n be_v pronounce_v the_o say_a writ_n and_o indictment_n shall_v be_v abate_v by_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o party_n wherein_o the_o say_v addition_n be_v omit_v provide_v always_o that_o though_o the_o say_v writ_n of_o addition_n personal_a be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o record_n and_o deed_n by_o the_o surplusage_n of_o the_o addition_n aforesaid_a that_o for_o this_o cause_n they_o be_v not_o abate_v and_o that_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o chancery_n under_o who_o name_n such_o writ_n shall_v go_v forth_o write_v shall_v not_o leave_v out_o or_o make_v omission_n of_o the_o say_a addition_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a upon_o point_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o to_o make_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o this_o ordinance_n shall_v begin_v to_o hold_v place_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o party_n from_o the_o least_o of_o saint_n michael_n next_o ensue_v forward_o although_o the_o addition_n of_o estate_n degree_n and_o mystery_n to_o be_v add_v unto_o name_n be_v write_v in_o the_o statute_n first_o and_o before_o the_o addition_n of_o place_n and_o county_n yet_o it_o have_v be_v use_v always_o after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n to_o place_v the_o addition_n of_o estate_n degree_n and_o mystery_n after_o the_o place_n and_o county_n in_o every_o writ_n appeal_n and_o indictment_n against_o common_a person_n but_o the_o use_n be_v otherwise_o in_o appeal_n and_o indictment_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n against_o duke_n marquess_n and_o earl_n for_o their_o name_n of_o degree_n be_v in_o such_o case_n put_v before_o the_o addition_n of_o place_n and_o county_n as_o charles_n earl_n of_o westmoreland_n late_o of_o bramspeth_n in_o the_o county_n of_o durism_n thelowell_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 14._o name_n of_o dignity_n as_o duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n sergeant_n at_o law_n etc._n etc._n be_v contain_v within_o this_o word_n degree_n for_o gradus_fw-la continet_fw-la statum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la &_o non_fw-la è_fw-la contrario_fw-la degree_n do_v contain_v state_n in_o itself_o and_o not_o of_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o state_n of_o a_o man_n as_o gentleman_z esquire_n yeoman_n widow_n single-woman_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o art_n or_o craft_n of_o a_o man_n be_v his_o mystery_n by_o brook_n chief_a justice_n in_o the_o common-plea_n in_o abridgement_n of_o the_o case_n of_o 14._o hen._n 6._o fol._n 15._o titul_n nosve_fw-la dignitat_fw-la 33._o see_v in_o

other_o part_v hold_v by_o the_o same_o tenure_n of_o the_o king_n by_o posterity_n the_o king_n grant_v his_o seignory_n to_o the_o queen_n and_o afterward_o the_o tenant_n die_v the_o son_n within_o age_n in_o this_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n and_o have_v the_o prerogative_n even_o as_o the_o king_n himself_o shall_v have_v have_v 3._o e._n 3_o 4._o vide_fw-la etiam_fw-la stamford_n prerog_n reg._n cap._n 2._o the_o queen_n wife_n unto_o the_o king_n or_o widow_n shall_v not_o be_v amerce_v if_o she_o be_v nonsuit_v in_o any_o action_n or_o otherwise_o in_o which_o case_n any_o other_o subject_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o shall_v be_v amerce_v for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o queen_n shall_v participate_v the_o king_n prerogative_n cook_n 6._o report_n 62._o but_o the_o queen_n shall_v not_o in_o all_o case_n have_v the_o same_o prerogative_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o for_o example_n petition_n be_v all_o the_o remedy_n the_o subject_n have_v when_o the_o king_n seize_v his_o land_n or_o take_v away_o his_o good_n from_o he_o have_v no_o title_n by_o order_n of_o law_n so_o to_o do_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o ancient_a book_n as_o you_o may_v see_v stamfords_n prerog_n cap._n 19_o but_o in_o such_o suit_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o the_o queen_n but_o action_n against_o other_o liege_n of_o the_o king_n according_a as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v for_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o queen_n may_v be_v plaintiff_n and_o demandant_n in_o action_n without_o the_o king_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o queen_n may_v be_v plaintiff_n and_o demandant_n in_o action_n without_o the_o king_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n he_o shall_v be_v defendant_n or_o tenant_n without_o partake_v such_o prerogative_n as_o do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n 11._o h._n 4.64_o b._n stamford_n prerog_n cap._n 22._o ●n_n fine_a against_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n nullum_fw-la tem●us_fw-la occurit_fw-la regi_fw-la but_o time_n shall_v run_v against_o the_o queen_n h._n 18._o e._n 3.2_o a._n and_o aplenarty_n by_o six_o mouth_n be_v a_o good_a plea_n in_o a_o quare_fw-la imp._n bring_v by_o philippe_n regina_fw-la angliae_fw-la ibid._n fol._n 1._o et_fw-la 13._o b._n stamford_n prerog_n cap._n 18._o trope_n finem_fw-la in_o 21._o e._n 3.13_o b._n it_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v read_v note_v that_o a_o protection_n be_v sue_v forth_o against_o the_o queen_n in_o a_o writ_n which_o she_o bring_v and_o it_o be_v allow_v though_o she_o be_v a_o person_n exempt_a nevertheless_o by_o this_o short_a case_n follow_v may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o justice_n do_v not_o easy_o suffer_v any_o proceed_n in_o law_n against_o the_o queen_n wife_n or_o widow_n but_o will_v hold_v with_o their_o inmity_n as_o much_o as_o they_o may_v by_o law_n a_o writ_n of_o dower_n be_v bring_v against_o isabel_n queen_n of_o england_n mother_n of_o the_o king_n that_o then_o be_v and_o the_o court_n say_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n the_o queen_n be_v a_o person_n of_o dignity_n and_o excellency_n and_o we_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o she_o shall_v not_o answer_v to_o the_o writ_n but_o it_o behoove_v you_o to_o sue_v to_o she_o by_o petition_n and_o thereupon_o the_o demandant_n dixit_fw-la great_a and_o she_o pray_v the_o court_n to_o grant_v a_o continuance_n of_o her_o action_n until_o another_o day_n so_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n she_o may_v sue_v to_o speak_v with_o the_o queen_n but_o the_o court_n will_v not_o agree_v to_o make_v a_o continuance_n but_o say_v that_o upon_o her_o request_n they_o may_v give_v d●●_n precepart_v and_o so_o it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o queen_n council_n will_v not_o agree_v to_o a_o continuance_n for_o thereby_o th●_n queen_n shall_v be_v accept_v as_o answerable_a 10._o 〈◊〉_d 3.379_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o king_n elder_a son_n also_o have_v som●_n prerogative_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o her_o husband_n which_o the_o wife_n of_o other_o nobleman_n have_v not_o fo●_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o e._n 3._o it_o be_v high_a treason_n to_o violate_v the_o wife_n of_o the_o king_n elder_a son_n and_o heir_n duchess_n also_o and_o countess_n have_v special_a honour_n appertain_v to_o their_o estate_n as_o kneel_v and_o taste_v and_o such_o like_a which_o thing_n as_o appertain_v more_o proper_o to_o the_o herald_n then_o to_o this_o legal_a discourse_n i_o leave_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o statute_n make_v 7._o jac._n cap._n 6._o entitle_v and_o act_n for_o the_o administer_a the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o reformation_n of_o woman_n recusant_n if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n of_o or_o above_o the_o age_n of_o 18._o year_n and_o degree_n aforesaid_a mun_o and_o hereafter_o shall_v stand_v and_o be_v present_v indict_v or_o convict_v for_o not_o come_v to_o church_n or_o not_o receive_v the_o holy_a communion_n or_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n before_o the_o ordinary_a or_o other_o have_v lawful_a power_n to_o take_v such_o presentment_n or_o indictment_n than_o 3._o of_o the_o privy_a counsel_n of_o the_o king_n his_o highness_n his_o heir_n or_o successor_n and_o no_o other_o whereof_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n lord_n privy_a seal_n or_o principal_a secretary_n to_o be_v one_o upon_o knowledge_n shall_v require_v such_o person_n or_o person_n to_o take_v the_o say_a oath_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o and_o for_o every_o bishop_n within_o his_o diocese_n to_o require_v any_o baron_n or_o baron_n of_o the_o age_n of_o 18._o or_o above_o to_o take_v the_o say_a oath_n also_o in_o case_n of_o indictment_n of_o felony_n or_o treason_n a_o baroness_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o trial_n by_o peer_n as_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 20._o h._n 6._o cap._n 9_o which_o any_o other_o noble_a woman_n of_o high_a degree_n shall_v have_v which_o privilege_n be_v deny_v to_o all_o of_o a_o low_a degree_n than_o a_o baroness_n lady_n in_o reputation_n the_o wife_n and_o widow_n and_o widow_n of_o the_o son_n and_o heir_n of_o a_o duke_n or_o earl_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o father_n be_v a_o lady_n by_o courtesy_n of_o speech_n and_o honour_n and_o take_v place_n according_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n have_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o allowance_n of_o the_o herald_n but_o in_o legal_a proceed_n they_o be_v not_o to_o have_v privilege_n nor_o to_o be_v name_v according_a to_o such_o surname_n of_o dignity_n but_o the_o king_n may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n create_v such_o man_n in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o their_o ancestor_n into_o degree_n of_o lord_n of_o his_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o if_o a_o noblewoman_n of_o spain_n come_v into_o the_o realm_n by_o safe_a conduct_n or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o king_n she_o be_v style_v by_o such_o her_o foreign_a stile_n of_o dignity_n yet_o in_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n she_o shall_v not_o be_v name_v by_o such_o title_n though_o by_o common_a speech_n she_o be_v a_o lady_n in_o reputation_n a_o english_a woman_n bear_v do_v take_v to_o her_o husband_n a_o spanish_a or_o french_a duke_n though_o he_o be_v make_v a_o denizen_n yet_o he_o shall_v not_o bear_v his_o title_n of_o dignity_n in_o legal_a proceed_n a_o german_a woman_n be_v marry_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o northam_n or_o to_o other_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n unless_o she_o be_v make_v a_o denizen_n she_o can_v lawful_o claim_v the_o privilege_n or_o title_n of_o her_o husband_n no_o more_o than_o she_o can_v to_o have_v dower_n or_o any_o jointure_n from_o he_o a_o english_a woman_n do_v take_v to_o husband_n the_o earl_n of_o kildare_n in_o ireland_n or_o if_o a_o lord_n of_o scotland_n though_o he_o be_v a_o post_n natus_fw-la take_v a_o english_a woman_n to_o his_o wife_n their_o wife_n shall_v not_o participate_v their_o husband_n title_n of_o dignity_n but_o if_o the_o king_n do_v create_v one_o of_o his_o subject_n of_o scotland_n naturalize_v here_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v viscount_n rochester_n within_o england_n and_o after_o by_o his_o writ_n of_o summons_n under_o his_o great_a seal_n do_v call_v he_o to_o his_o uper_n house_n of_o his_o parliament_n and_o assign_v he_o a_o place_n there_o in_o his_o great_a council_n among_o the_o lord_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n he_o be_v now_o also_o a_o peer_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o shall_v be_v partaker_n with_o they_o in_o all_o privilege_n and_o by_o consequence_n his_o wife_n widow_n and_o child_n after_o he_o 32._o e._n 3.35_o in_o le_fw-fr case_n de_fw-fr gilbert_n humfrevill_n but_o if_o a_o englishman_n by_o the_o

degree_n which_o they_o call_v creation_n money_n this_o be_v so_o annex_v unto_o the_o dignity_n that_o by_o no_o grant_n assurance_n or_o any_o manner_n of_o alienation_n it_o can_v be_v give_v from_o the_o same_o but_o be_v still_o incident_a and_o a_o support_n of_o the_o same_o creation_n dyer_n fol._n 21._o etc._n etc._n in_o all_o case_n wherein_o suit_n of_o law_n a_o baron_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v other_o than_o a_o duke_n his_o amercement_n be_v no_o less_o t●e_v 12_o 100_o s_o 9_o e._n 4.9_o 21._o e._n 4.77_o 38._o e._n 3.31_o 9_o h._n 6.21_o but_o the_o amercement_n of_o a_o duke_n be_v 10._o l._n 19_o e._n 4.9_o 1_o h._n 6.7_o although_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la chap._n 14._o be_v in_o the_o negative_a viz._n comites_fw-la at_o barones_n non_fw-la amerciantur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la pures_fw-la suos_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la delicti_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o usage_n have_v ●educed_v it_o into_o a_o certainty_n also_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o such_o amercement_n shall_v be_v affer_v per_fw-la ●ures_fw-la suos_fw-la but_o for_o that_o it_o be_v troublesome_a to_o assemble_v ●arons_n for_o so_o small_a a_o matter_n such_o amercement_n in_o time_n ●ast_o have_v be_v affer_v by_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n who_o sometime_o be_v baron_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o be_v be●ore_o in_o this_o treatise_n mention_v and_o hereof_o write_v bracton_n lib._n 3._o tract_n 2._o chap._n fol._n 116._o viz._n comites_fw-la fiero_n vel_fw-la barones_n non_fw-la sunt_fw-la amerciandi_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la pace_n suos_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la delicti_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la per_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la scacario_fw-la vel_fw-la coram_fw-la ipso_fw-la rege_fw-la vid._n cook_n 8._o part_n 39_o &_o sequentiae_fw-la this_o section_n be_v to_o be_v omit_v because_o it_o be_v more_o fit_o to_o be_v write_v hereafter_o if_o a_o plaintiff_n recover_v against_o a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n or_o trespass_n upon_o such_o a_o plea_n plead_v by_o he_o or_o other_o default_n in_o he_o so_o that_o a_o fine_a thereby_o do_v grow_v to_o the_o king_n and_o thereupon_o on_o a_o capias_fw-la per_fw-la fine_a issue_v out_o against_o he_o this_o shall_v not_o prejudice_v that_o nobleman_n so_o as_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v thereby_o take_v advantage_n by_o prayer_n that_o he_o shall_v abide_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n neither_o without_o his_o prayer_n nor_o though_o he_o do_v pray_v it_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o brian_n justice_n 14._o h._n 7.21_o whereas_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v 32._o h._n 8._o cap._n 16._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v not_o keep_v in_o their_o family_n or_o house_n above_o the_o number_n of_o four_o stranger_n bear_v nevertheless_o by_o a_o proviso_n in_o the_o say_a act_n every_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n have_v his_o privilege_n allow_v unto_o he_o to_o keep_v in_o his_o family_n the_o number_n of_o six_o stranger_n bear_v any_o thing_n in_o that_o act_n to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 24._o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o a._n a_o privilege_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o nobility_n according_a to_o their_o degree_n concern_v their_o apparel_n but_o because_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v chap._n 25._o all_o law_n and_o statute_n make_v concern_v apparel_n be_v take_v away_o i_o leave_v further_o to_o speak_v of_o that_o matter_n 1._o jac._n cap._n 25._o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5._o r._n 2._o cap._n 12._o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o his_o royal_a majesty_n defend_v the_o pass_n utter_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n aswell_o clerk_n as_o other_o in_o every_o port_n and_o other_o town_n and_o place_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o their_o good_n except_o only_o the_o lord_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o true_a and_o noble_a merchant_n and_o the_o king_n soldier_n and_o every_o person_n than_o be_v before_o except_v which_o after_o publication_n of_o this_o ordinance_n make_v shall_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o say_a realm_n without_o the_o king_n special_a licence_n which_o licence_n the_o king_n will_v and_o command_v that_o it_o be_v not_o from_o henceforth_o make_v but_o in_o one_o of_o the_o port_n under_o write_v that_o be_v to_o say_v london_n sandwich_n dover_n southampton_n plymouth_n dartmouth_n bristol_n yarmouth_n st._n buttolphe_n kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n upon_o tine_n and_o the_o other_o part_n and_o passage_n towards_o ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n pertain_v to_o england_n shall_v forfeit_v towards_o the_o king_n as_o much_o as_o he_o have_v in_o good_n as_o afore_o be_v say_v but_o because_o this_o statute_n be_v also_o take_v away_o by_o a_o ●●te_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o king_n james_n cap._n 1._o i_o do_v not_o set_v down_o this_o for_o ●ne_a of_o the_o privilege_n appertain_v to_o the_o nobility_n 〈◊〉_d this_o day_n but_o philip_n earl_n of_o arundel_n son_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n be_v take_v upon_o the_o sea_n pass_v in●o_o france_n about_o the_o 30._o year_n of_o the_o late_a queen_n ●nd_n be_v fine_v in_o the_o star-chamber_n to_o a_o great_a sum_n because_o he_o do_v not_o take_v ship_n at_o one_o of_o the_o port_n mention_v cromptons_n court_n 31._o whereas_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2._o h._n 2._o parl._n 2._o cap._n 1._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o every_o county_n name_v of_o the_o cuorum_n shall_v be_v resident_a in_o the_o shire_n wherein_o they_o be_v justice_n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n whereby_o the_o lord_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n name_v in_o such_o commission_n be_v except_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o e._n 6._o cap._n 12._o among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o in_o all_o and_o every_o case_n and_o case_n where_o any_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n shall_v and_o may_v upon_o his_o prayer_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o his_o clergy_n as_o a_o clerk_n convict_v that_o may_v make_v purgation_n in_o all_o those_o case_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o also_o in_o every_o case_n and_o case_n of_o felony_n wherein_o the_o privilege_n and_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n be_v take_v away_o by_o this_o statute_n wilful_a malice_n and_o poison_v of_o malice_n prepense_a only_o except_v the_o lord_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o peer_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v place_n and_o voice_n in_o parliament_n shall_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n of_o common_a grace_n upon_o his_o and_o their_o request_n and_o prayer_n allege_v that_o he_o be_v a_o lord_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n claim_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o act_n though_o he_o can_v read_v without_o burn_v of_o the_o hand_n loss_n of_o inheritance_n or_o corruption_n of_o his_o blood_n be_v adjudge_v deem_v take_v and_o use_v for_o the_o first_o time_n only_o to_o all_o instruction_n intent_n and_o purpose_n as_o a_o clerk_n convict_v which_o may_v make_v purgation_n without_o any_o further_a or_o other_o benefit_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o any_o such_o lord_n or_o peer_n from_o thenceforth_o at_o any_o time_n after_o for_o any_o cause_n to_o be_v allow_v adjudge_v or_o admit_v any_o law_n custom_n statute_n or_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o by_o this_o statute_n a_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o his_o clergy_n where_o a_o common_a person_n shall_v not_o viz._n for_o the_o break_n of_o a_o house_n by_o day_n or_o night_n for_o rob_v of_o any_o in_o the_o high_a way_n and_o in_o all_o other_o case_n except_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o e._n 6.12_o save_v in_o wilful_a murder_n and_o poison_v but_o in_o all_o other_o case_n wherein_o clergy_n be_v take_v away_o by_o any_o statute_n make_v since_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 1._o e._n 6._o he_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n that_o a_o common_a and_o inferior_a person_n be_v but_o the_o court_n will_v not_o give_v he_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o he_o do_v not_o require_v it_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n do_v confess_v his_o offence_n upon_o his_o arraignment_n or_o do_v abjure_v or_o be_v outlaw_v for_o felony_n it_o seem_v that_o in_o those_o case_n he_o may_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o statute_n viz._n his_o clergy_n for_o that_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 18._o eliz._n cap._n 18._o he_o nor_o any_o other_o need_n to_o make_v his_o purgation_n but_o shall_v be_v forthwith_o deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n by_o the_o justice_n sed_fw-la quaere_fw-la poulton_n 202._o b._n by_o the_o jmperiall_a constitution_n

where_o the_o original_n be_v make_v and_o at_o last_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o court_n that_o the_o record_n shall_v be_v amend_v by_o the_o cursitor_n and_o make_v according_a to_o the_o note_n or_o title_n deliver_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o plaintiff_n attorney_n cook_n 8._o part_v fol._n 15._o b._n it_o appear_v in_o our_o book_n of_o law_n that_o the_o high_a and_o low_a dignity_n be_v universal_a for_o as_o if_o a_o king_n of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n come_v into_o england_n by_o leave_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o this_o case_n he_o shall_v ●●e_v and_o be_v sue_v in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n 11._o ed._n 3._o test_n breccon_n 473._o so_o shall_v he_o sue_v or_o be_v sue_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o knight_n whersoever_o he_o receive_v that_o degree_n of_o dignity_n ●o_o ed._n 4.6_o h._n 6.14_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v as_o ●f_o a_o duke_n marquesse_n earl_n or_o other_o title_n of_o honour_n give_v by_o any_o foreign_a king_n yea_o though_o the_o king_n by_o letter_n patent_n of_o ●ife_n conduct_n do_v name_n he_o duke_n or_o by_o any_o other_o his_o foreign_a title_n of_o dignity_n for_o experience_n show_v that_o king_n join_v in_o league_n together_o by_o a_o certain_a mutual_a ●nd_a as_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a power_n of_o monarch_n according_a ●o_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v denize_v one_o another_o subject_n and_o ambassador_n grace_v with_o this_o title_n of_o honour_n therefore_o though_o a_o knight_n receive_v his_o dignity_n of_o foreign_a prince_n he_o be_v so_o to_o be_v style_v in_o all_o legal_a proceed_n within_o england_n vide_fw-la cook_n 7._o part_n fol._n 16._o b._n and_o king_n be_v wont_a to_o send_v their_o son_n to_o the●●_n neighbour_n prince_n to_o receive_v knighthood_n at_o thei●_n hand_n vide_fw-la selden_n fol._n 331._o &_o 308._o think_v that_o i●_n be_v more_o honourable_a to_o take_v arm_n of_o some_o other_o le●●_n affection_n may_v seem_v to_o prevent_v judgement_n when_o th●_n father_n give_v they_o that_o honour_n thus_o be_v our_o king_n h._n 2._o send_v unto_o david_n king_n o●_n scot_n and_o malcombe_n also_o king_n there_o send_v unto_o our_o h_n 2._o and_o our_o king_n to_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n to_o take_v of_o they_o military_a or_o civil_a arm_n for_o the_o term_n and_o phrase●_n they_o use_v in_o that_o age_n for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o knight_n vid●_n camden_n 174.8_o vide_fw-la selden_n fol._n 315._o and_o knight_n in_o all_o foreign_a country_n have_v eve●_n place_n and_o precedency_n according_a as_o they_o be_v ancient_a knight_n which_o privilege_n be_v deem_v to_o nobleman_n for_o be_v they_o never_o so_o ancient_a in_o forraigce_n country_n they_o shall_v go_v before_o as_o puesney_n the_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n be_v not_o only_o a_o dignity_n and_o honour_n to_o the_o party_n for_o so_o it_o be_v term_v in_o brooke_n title_n addition_n fol._n 44._o but_o honourable_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o compel_v man_n of_o worth_a to_o take_v upon_o they_o this_o degree_n upon_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o fine_a as_o appear_v in_o ann._n 7._o h._n 6.15_o pitzh_n abridg._n tit_n im._n 12._o and_o by_o the_o statute_n a._n 1._o ed._n 2._o de_fw-la militibus_fw-la but_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o these_o day_n that_o none_o be_v compel_v thereunto_o and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n wherefore_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v make_v knight_n hang_v the_o writ_n it_o shall_v abate_v because_o he_o have_v change_v his_o name_n and_o that_o by_o his_o own_o act_n vide_fw-la cook_n 7._o part_v f._n 27._o b._n part_n 10._o b._n 1_o ed._n 6._o cap._n 7._o contrary_a and_o for_o that_o cause_n also_o by_o the_o common_a law_n not_o only_o the_o king_n but_o every_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n ought_v to_o have_v of_o every_o of_o his_o tenant_n a_o reasonable_a fine_a to_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n knight_n vide_fw-la bracton_n fol._n 36._o b._n and_o all_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o aide_n except_o only_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o grand_a and_o petty_a serjeant_o tenor_n as_o the_o law_n have_v be_v ancient_o deliver_v vide_fw-la fiszh_n nat._n breed_v f._n 83._o a._n and_o selden_n f._n 13._o where_o it_o be_v also_o say_v one_o that_o write_v a_o little_a after_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n the_o first_o allow_v as_o a_o good_a bar_n to_o the_o avowry_n for_o the_o tenant_n to_o plead_v that_o the_o father_n himself_o be_v no_o knight_n so_o that_o one_o not_o knight_v can_v claim_v the_o aid_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n briton_n de_fw-fr prize_n the_o aver_v and_o it_o be_v not_o at_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o make_v more_o or_o less_o of_o his_o tenant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n in_o this_o case_n but_o by_o the_o statute_n at_o westminster_n 1._o cap._n 35._o it_o be_v put_v into_o certainty_n viz._n forasmuch_o as_o before_o this_o time_n reasonable_a and_o to_o make_v one_o son_n knight_n or_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n be_v never_o put_v into_o certainty_n nor_o how_o much_o shall_v be_v take_v at_o that_o time_n whereby_o some_o levy_v unreasonable_a aid_n and_o more_o often_o then_o seem_v necessary_a whereby_o the_o people_n be_v sore_o grieve_v and_o it_o be_v therefore_o provide_v that_o from_o henceforth_o a_o whole_a knight_n see_v be_v take_v but_o 20._o s._n and_o of_o more_o more_o and_o of_o less_o less_o after_o that_o rate_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v levy_v such_o aid_n to_o make_v his_o son_n knight_n until_o the_o son_n be_v 15._o year_n of_o age_n nor_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n until_o she_o be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o 7._o year_n and_o of_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v mention_n make_v in_o the_o king_n writ_n form_v on_o the_o same_o if_o any_o one_o will_v demand_v it_o and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o father_n after_o he_o have_v levy_v any_o such_o aid_n of_o his_o tenant_n do_v before_o he_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n the_o executor_n of_o th●_n father_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o daughter_n for_o so_o much_o as_o th●_n father_n receive_v for_o the_o aid_n and_o if_o the_o father_n good_n b●_n not_o sufficient_a his_o heir_n shall_v be_v charge_v therewith_o unto_o th●_n daughter_n and_o this_o heir_n be_v so_o incident_a that_o although_o th●_n lord_n do_v confirm_v unto_o the_o tenant_n to_o hold_v by_o fealty_n an●_n certain_a rent_n and_o release_v unto_o he_o all_o other_o service_n an●_n demand_n yet_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o aid_n to_o make_v his_o elde●●_n son_n knight_n anno_fw-la 40._o e._n 3._o f._n 22._o finche_n book_n 24._o but_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o statute_n beforementioned_a because_o the_o king_n be_v not_o name_v in_o that_o statute_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o statute_n 25._o e._n 3._o cap._n 11._o the_o king_n aid_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o like_a value_n selden_n fol._n 3.30_o the_o 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can_v claim_v the_o privilege_n that_o knight_n have_v from_o cart-taking_a by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 21._o a_o knight_n bachelor_n son_n can_v keep_v a_o greyhound_n because_o he_o be_v not_o within_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o jac._n cap._n 27._o unless_o he_o have_v 10._o l._n land_n etc._n etc._n quars_n whether_o the_o knight_n bachelor_n addition_n do_v abate_v any_o action_n etc._n etc._n if_o one_o be_v knight_v in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o his_o father_n it_o free_v he_o of_o wardship_n but_o è_fw-la contrario_fw-la of_o a_o knight_n bachelor_n knight_n be_v excuse_v from_o attendance_n at_o leet_n but_o so_o be_v not_o knight_n bachelor_n of_o esquire_n although_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n there_o be_v no_o gentleman_n of_o title_n under_o knight_n but_o all_o the_o rest_n wont_a under_o the_o name_n of_o people_n yet_o with_o we_o there_o be_v in_o the_o rank_n who_o have_v name_n of_o pre-eminence_n whereby_o they_o be_v in_o degree_n above_o the_o rest_n as_o 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their_o armour_n bearer_n but_o in_o poet_n and_o other_o profane_a story_n patroclus_n be_v achilles_n his_o armour_n bearer_n and_o clitus_n great_a alexander_n whereupon_o some_o write_v that_o he_o who_o we_o call_v armiger_n in_o latin_a be_v a_o footman_n that_o with_o a_o spear_n shield_n or_o head_n piece_n follow_v a_o arm_a knight_n in_o battle_n or_o rather_o as_o some_o other_o suppose_v it_o be_v the_o footman_n himself_o arm_v in_o the_o field_n but_o howsoever_o the_o word_n be_v take_v this_o be_v sure_a those_o man_n be_v of_o good_a account_n in_o old_a time_n as_o those_o who_o win_v themselves_o credit_v out_o of_o war_n and_o so_o their_o estimation_n remain_v unto_o their_o posterity_n and_o as_o those_o be_v in_o time_n before_o so_o be_v these_o which_o be_v in_o our_o day_n as_o descend_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o their_o worthy_a ancestor_n and_o our_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n do_v distinguish_v they_o thus_o that_o be_v to_o say_v knighthood_n be_v a_o dignity_n but_o esquire_n and_o gentleman_n be_v but_o name_n of_o worship_n an._n 14._o h._n 5._o and_o brook_n in_o his_o abridgement_n in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v nosm_a the_o dignity_n 33._o say_v to_o be_v a_o knight_n est_fw-la gradus_fw-la but_o to_o be_v a_o esquire_n or_o gentleman_n est_fw-la status_fw-la for_o gradus_fw-la continet_fw-la statum_n inse_v &_o non_fw-la è_fw-la contrari_fw-la vide_fw-la thesoal_n 105._o concern_v this_o word_n worshipful_a read_v in_o the_o print_a book_n master_n selden'_v title_n of_o honour_n prima_fw-la pars_fw-la fol._n 124._o &_o sequentia_fw-la in_o time_n past_a every_o knight_n have_v two_o of_o these_o wait_n upon_o he_o they_o carry_v his_o morion_n and_o shield_n and_o as_o inseparable_a companion_n they_o stick_v close_o to_o he_o because_o of_o the_o say_a knight_n their_o lord_n they_o have_v certain_a land_n in_o escuage_n like_v as_o have_v the_o knight_n himself_o who_o hold_v they_o of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n the_o beginning_n of_o arm_n in_o europe_n among_o christian_n be_v suppose_v from_o the_o ●oly_a war_n for_o the_o turk_n paint_v they_o not_o and_o so_o with_o we_o a●out_fw-mi h._n 3._o they_o become_v more_o hereditary_o establish_v and_o when_o the_o prince_n enable_v any_o he_o give_v they_o the_o particular_a of_o his_o bear_n in_o blazon_n master_n seld_o n_o in_o his_o preface_n fol._n 5._o where_n you_o may_v also_o see_v a_o example_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o r._n 2._o but_o now_o adays_o there_o be_v five_o distinct_a sort_n of_o these_o for_o those_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v already_o be_v now_o no_o more_o in_o any_o request_n the_o principal_a esquire_n at_o this_o day_n be_v account_v those_o that_o be_v elect_v esquire_n for_o the_o prince_n body_n the_o next_o unto_o they_o be_v knight_n elder_a son_n successive_o in_o a_o three_o place_n be_v repute_v young_a son_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o baron_n and_o of_o other_o noble_n of_o high_a estate_n and_o when_o such_o heir_n males_n fail_v together_o with_o they_o also_o the_o title_n fail_v in_o a_o four_o rank_n be_v reckon_v those_o unto_o who_o the_o king_n himself_o together_o with_o the_o title_n give_v arm_n or_o creat_v esquire_n by_o put_v about_o their_o neck_n a_o silver_n collar_n of_o s._n s._n and_o in_o former_a time_n upon_o their_o heel_n a_o pair_n of_o white_a spur_n silver_v whereupon_o at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v call_v white_a spur_n and_o to_o the_o first_o beget_v son_n only_o of_o these_o do_v this_o title_n belong_v in_o a_o five_o and_o last_o place_n be_v those_o rank_v and_o take_v for_o esquire_n who_o have_v any_o superior_a public_a office_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o serve_v the_o prince_n in_o any_o worshipful_a call_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n and_o queen_n knight_n of_o the_o bath_n be_v make_v man_n of_o worth_n and_o honourable_a blood_n to_o the_o end_n that_o their_o majesty_n may_v be_v accompany_v in_o their_o own_o honour_n every_o of_o which_o knight_n have_v two_o gentleman_n to_o attend_v he_o in_o that_o ceremony_n who_o be_v ever_o after_o enable_v by_o that_o service_n to_o be_v esquire_n during_o their_o life_n but_o this_o name_n of_o esquire_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v a_o name_n of_o charge_n and_o office_n only_o first_o creep_v in_o among_o other_o title_n of_o dignity_n and_o worship_n so_o far_o as_o ever_o i_o can_v observe_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o r._n 2._o camden_n fol._n 176._o vide_fw-la sir_n thomas_n smith_n de_fw-fr republica_fw-la anglorum_fw-la fol._n 26._o where_o say_v he_o that_o the_o esquire_n be_v no_o distinct_a order_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o hereof_o see_v the_o statute_n of_o an._n 16._o r._n 2._o cap_n 4._o and_o a_o ejusdem_fw-la regis_fw-la cap._n 2._o a_o sergeant_n of_o the_o kitchen_n in_o the_o king_n house_n may_v bear_v the_o name_n and_o addition_n of_o cook_n or_o of_o esquire_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o newton_n but_o jenny_n say_v that_o such_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n household_n will_v be_v much_o agreve_v if_o they_o shall_v be_v name_v by_o their_o trade_n or_o occupation_n paston_n peradventure_o faith_n in_o that_o case_n the_o writ_n may_v be_v good_a because_o of_o the_o statute_n anno_fw-la 1._o h._n 5._o cap_n 5._o for_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v name_v of_o the_o town_n degree_n state_n condition_n or_o mystery_n and_o when_o he_o be_v name_v cook_n he_o observe_v the_o statute_n for_o he_o have_v name_v he_o by_o his_o name_n of_o mystery_n and_o yet_o he_o may_v be_v in_o that_o case_n a_o esquire_n and_o a_o cook_n 14._o h._n 6._o fol._n 15._o if_o a_o man_n be_v a_o esquire_n or_o gentleman_n only_o by_o office_n and_o lose_v his_o