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deputy_n to_o their_o great_a council_n at_o all_o and_o since_o the_o government_n of_o england_n as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v do_v very_o much_o resemble_v that_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v so_o here_o too_o f._n i_o think_v your_o reply_n have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o what_o you_o have_v already_o urge_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o your_o side_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n be_v or_o chief_a thanes_z have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n and_o wheâ—â—_n you_o can_v prove_v that_o you_o may_v do_v something_o but_o what_o i_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o our_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v not_o so_o little_a to_o the_o purpose_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o it_o confirm_v that_o right_n of_o prescription_n which_o all_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n be_v england_n do_v claim_n of_o senâ—ing_a member_n to_o parliament_n and_o 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summons_n or_o grant_n since_o none_o but_o such_o city_n or_o town_n that_o hold_v of_o thâ—_n king_n in_o capite_fw-la 38._o have_v ancient_o any_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n noâ—_n of_o they_o neither_o any_o other_o but_o those_o who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v that_o great_a variety_n we_o find_v in_o the_o list_n of_o those_o town_n which_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o i_o shall_v omit_v speak_v any_o thing_n far_o of_o this_o at_o present_a but_o as_o for_o those_o middle_n inferior_a thanes_z or_o vavassour_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n there_o and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o those_o meeting_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o 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precarious_a hypothesis_n that_o they_o all_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v out_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o question_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o as_o precarious_a that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o our_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v your_o conquest_n till_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen_n iii_o and_o that_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v so_o before_o the_o conquest_n for_o as_o i_o own_o that_o king_n william_n make_v no_o material_a alteration_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o entrance_n so_o i_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o that_o time_n if_o not_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o all_o thanes_z the_o or_o baron_n i._n e._n great_a freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v place_n in_o that_o assembly_n before_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o desire_v i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a general_n council_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v hold_v at_o canterbury_n a._n d._n 605._o by_o king_n ethelbert_n not_o long_o after_o the_o settlement_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n which_o be_v record_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o british_a council_n in_o these_o word_n an._n incarnationis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la 685._o aethelbertus_n rex_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la roboratus_fw-la catholica_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la beria_fw-la regina_fw-la silioque_fw-la ipso_fw-la eadbaldo_n 126._o ac_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la praesule_fw-la augustino_n caeterisque_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la terrâ—_n solenitatem_fw-la natalis_n domini_fw-la celebrant_n cantuariae_fw-la convocato_fw-la igitâ—r_fw-la ibidem_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o
will_v not_o affirm_v but_o lest_o i_o tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o thing_n so_o plain_a and_o obvious_a be_v not_o they_o by_o too_o much_o industry_n render_v obscure_a i_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o your_o discourse_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v at_o first_o that_o because_o all_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o villain_n and_o servant_n etc._n etc._n never_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n that_o therefore_o the_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v literal_o a_o doughty_a discovery_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v find_v a_o expedient_a to_o help_v this_o contradiction_n by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o thy_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o the_o laity_n and_o by_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o interpretation_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a judge_n for_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o once_o again_o i_o can_v see_v any_o manner_n of_o reason_n either_o from_o authority_n or_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v be_v the_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-fr regno_fw-la in_o a_o legal_a sense_n and_o as_o such_o do_v represent_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o estate_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n therefore_o if_o you_o can_v prove_v this_o it_o may_v go_v far_o to_o convince_v i_o otherwise_o not_o m._n since_o you_o will_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o those_o authority_n i_o have_v already_o produce_v to_o prove_v it_o 121._o pray_v let_v i_o discourse_v with_o you_o a_o little_a more_o particular_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o tenor_n by_o knight_n service_n i_o therefore_o suppose_v that_o the_o dr._n have_v very_o well_o prove_v by_o several_a record_n as_o also_o the_o two_o writ_n of_o 19_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somerset_n and_o sussex_n that_o the_o king_n ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o his_o original_a power_n and_o right_n reserve_v upon_o knight_n fee_n do_v tax_n the_o military_a tenant_n of_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o other_o ordinary_a free_a tenant_n and_o by_o his_o writ_n cause_v they_o to_o pay_v both_o scutage_n tax_n and_o scutage_n service_n and_o other_o reasonable_a aid_n as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v sometime_o as_o you_o say_v since_o there_o be_v no_o aver_n against_o express_a record_n but_o i_o say_v likewise_o that_o as_o for_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o concern_v the_o king_n order_v the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o scutage_n service_n as_o to_o marry_v their_o daughter_n or_o for_o the_o find_n of_o man_n in_o any_o warlike_a expedition_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o those_o mesne_n tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o their_o estate_n if_o they_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v their_o lord_n in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n may_v legal_o grant_v they_o scutage_n upon_o such_o tenant_n and_o perhaps_o may_v also_o change_v their_o service_n in_o person_n into_o a_o pecuniary_a aid_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o of_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o and_o this_o not_o by_o his_o prerogative_n but_o by_o law_n so_o likewise_o though_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v tax_n themselves_o in_o their_o distinct_a council_n or_o else_o in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o what_o rate_n they_o please_v for_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o the_o king_n may_v sometime_o undertake_v by_o this_o pretence_n to_o i_o evy_v a_o scutage_n of_o two_o mark_n on_o their_o under-tenant_n also_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v by_o either_o of_o those_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o they_o give_v for_o more_o than_o themselves_o alone_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v only_o that_o they_o have_v give_v the_o king_n esseâ—ax_n auxilium_fw-la of_o two_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n as_o well_o ward_n as_o other_o who_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o mention_n of_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n be_v afterward_o order_v to_o distrain_v these_o mesne_n tenant_n also_o for_o two_o mark_n for_o each_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o their_o lord_n this_o be_v strain_v a_o point_n of_o prerogative_n and_o be_v express_o against_o law_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n may_v by_o the_o lâ—ke_a prerogative_n have_v tax_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o consent_n as_o well_o as_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._n and_o king_n john_n which_o you_o yourself_o cite_v at_o our_o former_a meeting_n so_o that_o grant_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v practise_v sometime_o as_o your_o record_n make_v out_o this_o be_v no_o proof_n that_o this_o be_v a_o constant_a law_n or_o settle_a custom_n much_o less_o that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v 180._o but_o that_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o what_o this_o king_n then_o do_v in_o charge_v these_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n be_v according_a to_o his_o ancient_a prerogative_n and_o what_o himself_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v frequent_o do_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n of_o nullum_fw-la scutâ—gium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la meo_fw-la &_o â—_o be_v grant_v nay_o after_o it_o be_v grant_v hen._n 3._o and_o edw._n 1._o tax_v their_o demeasn_n through_o england_n 19_o though_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o privy_a council_n until_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v in_o 34_o eâ—w_n 1._o and_o both_o rich._n 1._o and_o k._n john_n have_v tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n without_o common_a assent_n before_o the_o grant_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 1._o as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o hoveden_n 442._o who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n the_o passage_n be_v long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o this_o king_n anno_fw-la 1198_o regno_fw-la 9_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la carucata_n terrae_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la de_fw-la auxilio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o go_v on_o to_o show_v we_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v raise_v and_o collect_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o use_v these_o word_n auxilium_fw-la and_o tallagium_fw-la for_o the_o same_o tax_n so_o we_o find_v in_o mat._n paris_n that_o king_n john_n take_v a_o seven_o part_n of_o all_o movable_n without_o common_a assent_n 1203.1207_o and_o another_o time_n a_o thirty_o the_o great_a man_n and_o clergy_n grumble_a at_o it_o k._n hen._n 3._o also_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 1._o as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n whereby_o he_o also_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o buâ—ks_n that_o he_o make_v philip_n basseâ—_n a_o ratiâ—nabilâ—_n tallagium_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenentilus_fw-la in_o mannerio_n de_fw-fr wycumb_n quod_fw-la aliquando_fw-la suis_fw-la dominicum_fw-la praedecâ—ssorum_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 39_o the_o year_n this_o king_n as_o the_o doctor_n show_v we_o at_o large_a by_o a_o recoâ—d_n in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o city_n of_o london_n at_o 3000_o mark_n 178._o which_o though_o with_o some_o contest_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n they_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o pay_v because_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o record_n that_o this_o king_n and_o his_o father_n have_v several_a time_n palliate_v or_o tax_v the_o saiâ—_n city_n in_o like_a manner_n at_o the_o sum_n therein_o mention_v so_o that_o at_o last_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n be_v fain_o to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o thâ—s_o talliable_a by_o the_o king_n so_o in_o the_o 52._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a land_n beyond_o trenâ—_n by_o his_o escheator_n parl._n and_o this_o right_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o edw._n i._n as_o appâ—aâ—s_n by_o their_o petition_n to_o he_o in_o parliament_n in_o these_o word_n all_o pâ—tiâ—ionem_fw-la arcâ—iepiscoporum_fw-la episporum_fw-la
praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la pâ—tentium_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la concedere_fw-la veli_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la pâ—ssunt_fw-la taâ—â—iâ—re_fw-la antiqua_fw-la dominica_fw-la unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la â—icut_fw-la râ—x_fw-la dominica_n sua_fw-la taliavit_fw-la itâ—_n responsum_o est_fw-fr fiat_fw-la ut_fw-la petitur_fw-la from_o all_o which_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ancient_o a_o prerogative_n of_o lay_v tax_n not_o only_o upon_o their_o own_o tenant_n and_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n who_o hold_v under_o they_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n too_o and_o it_o their_o successor_n have_v act_v otherwise_o it_o have_v proceed_v from_o their_o meet_a grace_n and_o favour_n who_o have_v tie_v up_o their_o own_o hand_n from_o exercise_v this_o prerogative_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v muster_v up_o a_o great_a many_o authority_n but_o for_o what_o end_n i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o some_o former_a king_n stretch_v their_o prerogative_n to_o act_v direct_o against_o law_n and_o their_o own_o charter_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o to_o justify_v they_o in_o it_o when_o they_o have_v doâ—e_n as_o if_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v according_a to_o their_o lawful_a prerogative_n because_o they_o do_v it_o if_o this_o be_v law_n or_o reason_n either_o much_o good_a may_v do_v you_o with_o it_o for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n notwithstanding_o all_o law_n make_v and_o swear_v by_o he_o to_o the_o contrary_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v out_o of_o our_o estate_n without_o our_o consent_n because_o his_o predecessor_n break_v the_o law_n and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n into_o the_o bargain_n but_o you_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o a_o de_fw-fr fâ—cto_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o non_fw-la datur_fw-la consequentia_fw-la but_o i_o doubt_v the_o precedent_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o assertion_n you_o have_v lay_v down_o for_o it_o be_v plain_a as_o well_o from_o king_n john_n charter_n as_o by_o that_o passage_n in_o bracton_n i_o but_o now_o cite_v whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o extraordinary_a tax_n such_o as_o hidage_n corage_n and_o carvage_a &_o alia_fw-la under_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v include_v your_o scutage-tax_n also_o can_v not_o be_v impose_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o people_n in_o parliament_n if_o then_o this_o be_v law_n whatever_o k._n john_n oâ—_n henry_n the_o three_o or_o any_o other_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o this_o rule_n be_v illegal_a and_o produce_v among_o other_o mischief_n the_o general_a revolt_n of_o all_o the_o baronage_n i._n e._n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a nobility_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n till_o such_o time_n as_o our_o king_n find_v they_o can_v do_v no_o good_a by_o force_n be_v fain_o at_o last_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o legal_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o new_a law_n and_o fresh_a declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n to_o declare_v it_o unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n without_o their_o consent_n in_o parliament_n but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o by_o thus_o set_v up_o the_o king_n illegal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o their_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o quit_v the_o question_n for_o i_o ask_v you_o by_o what_o right_a the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o suppose_v can_v grant_v by_o this_o great_a charter_n a_o fifteen_o of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o of_o those_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o military_a service_n as_o of_o those_o that_o do_v nay_o of_o those_o who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o you_o then_o fly_v present_o to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o unknown_a royal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o pleasure_n which_o be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o by_o law_n at_o all_o but_o if_o against_o law_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la too_o even_o over_o the_o very_a bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n and_o then_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o be_v long_o since_o destroy_v and_o give_v up_o but_o to_o examine_v your_o authority_n it_o be_v true_a hoveden_n say_v of_o richard_n the_o first_o that_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_n terrae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v this_o tax_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a phrase_n of_o writer_n in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v rex_fw-la accepit_fw-la i._n e._n receive_v such_o a_o tax_n when_o indeed_o he_o take_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v give_v he_o by_o his_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o find_v this_o tax_n not_o mention_v in_o any_o other_o writer_n but_o only_o hoveden_n and_o so_o can_v give_v you_o a_o express_a proof_n that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a nay_o certain_a it_o be_v for_o the_o word_n accepit_fw-la do_v not_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n import_v any_o violent_a or_o illegal_a exaction_n and_o therefore_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n to_o suppose_v that_o this_o aid_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n since_o this_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o affair_n that_o this_o money_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o lawful_a knight_n of_o each_o hundred_o and_o that_o they_o do_v answer_v this_o money_n to_o the_o exchequer_n coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la assignatis_fw-la who_o will_v never_o have_v undertake_v it_o have_v not_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o king_n can_v not_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o relation_n out_o of_o this_o very_a author_n in_o the_o very_a same_o year_n b._n but_o a_o little_a before_o viz._n that_o when_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o homines_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o man_n of_o england_n shall_v find_v he_o 300_o milites_fw-la i._n e._n knight_n to_o stay_v one_o whole_a year_n in_o his_o service_n or_o else_o will_v give_v he_o so_o much_o money_n as_o that_o he_o may_v therewith_o maintain_v those_o 300_o knight_n in_o constant_a pay_n viz._n to_o every_o knight_n three_o shilling_n of_o english_a money_n wage_n a_o day_n and_o that_o to_o grant_v this_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v willing_a as_o not_o dare_v to_o resist_v the_o king_n will_n only_a hugh_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n as_o a_o true_a servant_n of_o god_n abstain_v from_o all_o evil_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n because_o it_o will_v redound_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o his_o church_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o it_o seem_v the_o business_n fall_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o request_n must_v have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o at_o least_o in_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v not_o charge_v his_o subject_n with_o the_o keep_n but_o of_o 300_o horseman_n for_o one_o year_n without_o their_o assent_n can_v any_o body_n believe_v that_o he_o shall_v present_o after_o extort_v a_o much_o great_a sum_n viz._n five_o shilling_n out_o of_o every_o plow-land_n in_o england_n but_o as_o for_o all_o your_o precedant_n for_o king_n john_n reign_n he_o be_v such_o a_o notorious_a tyrant_n and_o breaker_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o common_a faith_n both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n that_o i_o hope_v that_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o any_o good_a english_a man_n will_v have_v fetch_v precedent_n for_o prerogative_n from_o so_o prosâ—igate_v a_o reign_n as_o he_o and_o in_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v more_o than_o once_o illegal_a exaction_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o yet_o be_v brand_v by_o those_o very_a historian_n that_o relate_v they_o for_o great_a oppression_n and_o unjust_a exaction_n oxford_n as_o particular_o in_o this_o first_o instance_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n of_o k._n john_n take_v away_o by_o force_n the_o seven_o of_o the_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o be_v by_o this_o author_n call_v by_o no_o better_a than_o rapinam_fw-la rapine_n or_o robbery_n the_o same_o i_o may_v say_v
i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n and_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v after_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n as_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o now_o have_v say_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v your_o reason_n to_o come_v up_o to_o what_o you_o intend_v therein_o for_o you_o only_o suppose_v but_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la must_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a scotish_n charter_n and_o statute_n all_o the_o argument_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n be_v that_o i_o can_v show_v you_o any_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v alter_v to_o what_o it_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o as_o at_o this_o day_n now_o pray_v consider_v whether_o this_o will_v not_o press_v altogether_o as_o hard_o upon_o you_o in_o relation_n to_o england_n for_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o law_n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v exclude_v here_o and_o knight_n of_o shire_n introduce_v in_o their_o flead_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n let_v the_o scottish_a parliament_n have_v be_v of_o what_o they_o will_v yet_o we_o have_v be_v still_o the_o same_o they_o be_v now_o but_o if_o you_o say_v that_o this_o contrary_a usage_n have_v be_v introduce_v either_o by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n or_o by_o the_o silent_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o be_v now_o lose_v be_v not_o all_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n which_o i_o may_v upon_o as_o good_a ground_n suppose_v to_o have_v deviate_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n as_o you_o do_v that_o our_o english_a parliament_n have_v do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o those_o argument_n be_v of_o any_o weight_n they_o will_v serve_v for_o england_n as_o well_o as_o scotland_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o burrough_n in_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o suppose_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o scotland_n may_v voluntary_o desist_v from_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o parliament_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o england_n do_v petition_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o inability_n to_o pay_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o burgess_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o divers_a precedent_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o print_n have_v i_o now_o time_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n i_o can_v imagine_v to_o what_o it_o tend_v for_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o or_o right_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n how_o come_v they_o to_o have_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a freehold_a estate_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o those_o that_o have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a freehold_a estate_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o exclude_v or_o why_o a_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o but_o one_o knight_n fee_fw-mi hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o get_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o vavasour_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v who_o hold_v ten_o knight_n fee_n of_o some_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n of_o appear_v there_o nor_o of_o choose_v any_o representative_a for_o he_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v the_o doctor_n either_o contradict_v himself_o 68_o or_o you_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n represent_v only_o themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o introduction_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o share_n in_o make_v law_n etc._n etc._n before_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o unless_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o thd_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o must_v then_o certain_o represent_v those_o that_o he_o here_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n collective_o take_v but_o as_o for_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o king_n court_n baron_n though_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o of_o a_o learned_a scotch_a lawyer_n sir_n george_n meâ—â—ensy_n yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v never_o true_a for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tennre_n of_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o then_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o manor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o no_o high_a a_o original_n than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v allow_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n then_o certain_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o and_o to_o be_v not_o only_a suitor_n but_o judge_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v among_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o neither_o the_o lord_n himself_o nor_o his_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o that_o of_o right_n and_o not_o by_o savour_n whereas_o you_o suppose_v such_o a_o courtbaron_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o where_o the_o lord_n can_v admit_v or_o exclude_v who_o of_o his_o tenant_n he_o please_v to_o which_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la certain_o he_o can_v never_o do_v so_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o courtbaron_n and_o a_o common_a council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o this_o council_n or_o pretend_a court_n baron_n you_o suppose_v the_o king_n still_o retain_v a_o prerogative_n of_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o he_o please_v which_o instead_o of_o confirm_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v a_o rule_n how_o such_o council_n shall_v be_v call_v for_o the_o future_a you_o make_v to_o signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o that_o no_o common_a council_n be_v ever_o call_v according_a to_o that_o model_n but_o pray_v show_v i_o a_o courtbaron_n wherein_o the_o tenant_n ever_o take_v upon_o themselves_o a_o power_n of_o give_v tax_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o manor_n though_o they_o be_v resident_a within_o it_o but_o indeed_o you_o be_v out_o in_o the_o whole_a matter_n for_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n when_o he_o give_v we_o king_n john_n letter_n of_o summons_n to_o a_o council_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n and_o as_o he_o translate_v eidelibus_fw-la feudatory_n or_o vassal_n of_o all_o england_n wherein_o he_o let_v they_o know_v 40._o that_o he_o have_v send_v his_o letter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o it_o may_v have_v be_v do_v now_o what_o reason_n have_v he_o to_o write_v thus_o if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v consult_v or_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v call_v or_o leave_v out_o who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o another_o mind_n when_o in_o the_o 37th_o of_o king_n hen._n iii_o as_o mar._n paris_n tell_v we_o they_o refuse_v to_o act_n or_o proceed_v upon_o any_o thing_n
a_o few_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o one_o in_o each_o year_n never_o but_o two_o in_o any_o year_n in_o all_o this_o long_a reign_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o 39th_o in_o which_o there_o be_v four_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o in_o so_o busy_a a_o time_n as_o most_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o roll_n leave_v and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o at_o least_o half_a be_v lose_v and_o in_o which_o may_v be_v many_o summons_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o what_o be_v become_v of_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o your_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o certain_o often_o meet_v in_o this_o long_a reign_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o omit_v to_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n i_o may_v with_o like_a reason_n and_o certainty_n affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o if_o the_o one_o may_v be_v lose_v sure_o the_o other_o may_v be_v so_o too_o but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v produce_v be_v not_o any_o summons_n to_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o only_o to_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o i_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o believe_v not_o only_o because_o the_o title_n to_o the_o last_o writ_n be_v only_o summonitio_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la and_o not_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o also_o because_o mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n who_o certain_o must_v have_v see_v all_o these_o writ_n as_o well_o as_o the_o doctor_n and_o be_v as_o able_a to_o judge_n of_o they_o never_o cite_v they_o for_o summons_n to_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n observe_v of_o several_a writ_n in_o which_o the_o like_a word_n of_o summon_v the_o lord_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n be_v likewise_o find_v that_o they_o be_v only_o to_o such_o council_n or_o treatise_n which_o be_v frequent_o use_v as_o low_a as_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o but_o if_o these_o writ_n have_v be_v summons_n to_o parliament_n sure_a mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o bewail_v as_o they_o so_o often_o do_v the_o loss_n of_o not_o only_o of_o parliament_n roll_n but_o of_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n both_o to_o lord_n and_o commons_o except_o those_o of_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 23d_o of_o edw._n i._n but_o pray_v go_v on_o if_o you_o please_v to_o make_v good_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o position_n you_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o m._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v you_o though_o it_o be_v true_a most_o of_o our_o parliament_n roll_n be_v lose_v both_o from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o statute_n that_o there_o be_v no_o commons_o in_o any_o parliament_n during_o all_o the_o long_a reign_n of_o king_n hen._n iii_o except_v in_o the_o 49th_o of_o that_o king_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o act_n of_o parliament_n we_o have_v of_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o 20_o of_o this_o king_n at_o merton_n where_o though_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v provide_v and_o grant_v as_o well_o by_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n as_o other_o yet_o the_o word_n &_o aliis_fw-la and_o other_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v f._n i_o shall_v answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o go_v you_o may_v say_v you_o have_v prove_v it_o but_o i_o know_v not_o when_o and_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o good_a a_o face_n maintain_v that_o these_o word_n &_o aliis_fw-la do_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o if_o the_o word_n baron_n must_v take_v in_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o sometime_o you_o suppose_v it_o do_v when_o no_o other_o lay-member_n be_v mention_v but_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o this_o barones_n be_v a_o cheveral_a word_n and_o to_o be_v stretch_v or_o contract_v as_o best_a suit_n with_o your_o hypothesis_n so_o i_o think_v i_o may_v with_o great_a reason_n suppose_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n and_o the_o commons_o under_o aliis_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o which_o be_v also_o most_o suitable_a to_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n henry_n iii_o but_o you_o forget_v that_o i_o have_v i_o think_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v their_o representative_n both_o at_o the_o make_n and_o confirm_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o 2d_o and_o 9th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o proof_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_a will_v come_v to_o late_o though_o i_o shall_v patient_o hear_v what_o you_o have_v to_o say_v but_o if_o you_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n to_o produce_v from_o statute_n and_o record_n which_o have_v not_o be_v already_o consider_v pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n and_o give_v i_o some_o reason_n why_o the_o commons_o be_v call_v in_o that_o year_n and_o never_o before_o nor_o after_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n for_o they_o both_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o improbable_a supposition_n m._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o command_n and_o shall_v give_v you_o as_o short_a a_o account_n as_o i_o can_v of_o this_o transaction_n first_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o after_o simon_n monâ—fort_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o faction_n have_v take_v king_n hen._n iii_o dein_fw-ge and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n prisoner_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lewes_n he_o carry_v they_o about_o with_o he_o till_o they_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a fort_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o when_o this_o be_v do_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o call_v together_o at_o london_n the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o that_o faction_n which_o so_o seditious_o hold_v their_o king_n prisoner_n they_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o a_o committee_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o twelve_o lord_n who_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n without_o who_o advice_n and_o consent_n or_o at_o least_o of_o three_o of_o they_o no_o affair_n in_o the_o king_n household_n or_o in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v transact_v and_o to_o these_o ordinance_n the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n be_v force_v to_o agree_v and_o though_o the_o record_n of_o this_o agreement_n recite_v that_o this_o ordinance_n dorso_n be_v make_v at_o london_n by_o the_o consent_n good-like_a and_o command_n of_o the_o king_n and_o also_o of_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o of_o the_o community_n there_o present_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v that_o by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a record_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o commons_o but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o this_o agreement_n be_v sign_v only_o by_o some_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n and_o no_o commoner_n witness_v to_o it_o but_o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n who_o yourself_o will_v grant_v be_v no_o parliament_n man._n after_o which_o simon_n montfort_n the_o better_a to_o settle_v himself_o in_o his_o usurp_v power_n and_o in_o those_o land_n and_o castle_n which_o himself_o and_o those_o of_o his_o faction_n have_v unjust_o wrest_v from_o prince_n edward_n who_o be_v now_o also_o a_o prisoner_n have_v deliver_v himself_o as_o a_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n send_v out_o writ_n in_o the_o king_n name_n unto_o divers_a bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o to_o such_o of_o the_o nobleman_n as_o be_v of_o their_o own_o party_n to_o appear_v at_o westminster_n on_o the_o octave_n of_o st._n hillary_n next_o ensue_v and_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n schâ—dula_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o it_o be_v thus_o recite_v â—eodem_fw-la moâ—o_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la episcopo_fw-la carleol_n as_o also_o to_o divers_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n all_o of_o their_o own_o party_n and_o faction_n there_o be_v above_o a_o hundred_o abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o summon_v more_o than_o ever_o be_v i_o believe_v before_o or_o since_o and_o then_o follow_v a_o short_a
to_o this_o parliament_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o jealousy_n or_o suspicion_n in_o simon_n monfort_n of_o those_o who_o be_v then_o his_o fast_a friend_n but_o out_o of_o pure_a carelessness_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o i_o suppose_v through_o haste_n inadvertency_n or_o multiplicity_n of_o business_n omit_v to_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v likewise_o send_v and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o record_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v a_o blank_a space_n leave_v unfilled_a of_o about_o four_o inch_n breadth_n which_o can_v be_v leave_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o add_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v certain_o summon_v to_o that_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o those_o who_o name_n be_v there_o express_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o point_n but_o i_o think_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o any_o record_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n for_o after_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o winchester_n whereto_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o commons_o summon_v as_o before_o but_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o magnates_n alone_a seize_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o also_o they_o give_v he_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o late_a rebel_n and_o then_o there_o be_v after_o this_o a_o parliament_n summon_v at_o kenelworth_n in_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o that_o six_o person_n who_o be_v all_o except_o one_o either_o bishop_n or_o baron_n shall_v choose_v six_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a twelve_o be_v to_o judge_v concern_v those_o who_o be_v disinherit_v for_o their_o late_a rebellion_n and_o their_o determination_n or_o award_n be_v call_v dictum_fw-la de_fw-la kenelworth_n and_o be_v make_v to_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o disinherited_a and_o to_o turn_v the_o forfeiture_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n into_o a_o composition_n for_o they_o after_o the_o value_n of_o five_o year_n purchase_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o two_o or_o three_o short_a payment_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o to_o this_o parliament_n the_o commons_o be_v at_o all_o summon_v but_o to_o the_o contrary_a for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o statute_n give_v we_o all_o their_o name_n yet_o the_o doctor_n further_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n baronage_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o they_o but_o what_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n or_o a_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereas_o have_v there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n they_o will_v certain_o have_v have_v commissioner_n of_o their_o own_o order_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n f._n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o short_a answer_n to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o winchester_n and_o kenelworth_n as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o must_v own_o that_o all_o the_o roll_n of_o it_o be_v lose_v 144._o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o leave_v of_o it_o on_o record_n than_o that_o writ_n or_o commission_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o which_o recite_v that_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o magnatum_fw-la or_o great_a man_n as_o the_o doctor_n render_v it_o the_o king_n have_v the_o seisin_n and_o possession_n of_o all_o the_o rebel_n estate_n give_v to_o he_o which_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o no_o commons_o be_v there_o since_o i_o have_v so_o often_o make_v out_o that_o under_o this_o wordâ—_n magnatum_fw-la not_o only_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v often_o comprehend_v it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o writ_n extant_a to_o prove_v the_o commons_o be_v now_o summon_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n to_o believe_v the_o contrary_a since_o if_o it_o be_v a_o cunning_a invention_n of_o montfort_n to_o summon_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o abate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a as_o good_a policy_n for_o this_o king_n to_o continue_v so_o politic_a a_o institution_n which_o will_v for_o the_o future_a serve_v for_o so_o good_a a_o balance_n not_o only_o against_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o his_o great_a lord_n also_o as_o for_o the_o parliament_n at_o kenelworth_n i_o shall_v admit_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v true_a as_o you_o have_v relate_v it_o from_o mat._n westminster_n who_o say_v that_o the_o twelve_o commissioner_n appoint_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o statute_n of_o kenelworth_n be_v choose_v de_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o prudentioribus_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la and_o also_o that_o the_o french_a record_n cite_v by_o the_o doctor_n together_o with_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n comment_n upon_o it_o make_v it_o out_o plain_a enough_o that_o the_o lay_v commissioner_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o party_n there_o name_v to_o make_v this_o statute_n be_v all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n though_o in_o the_o record_n itself_o only_o style_v knight_n well_o what_o follow_v from_o all_o this_o that_o the_o commons_o can_v have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o choice_n because_o the_o tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o and_o other_o record_n must_v needs_o always_o signify_v the_o small_a sort_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o i_o say_v it_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v whether_o you_o have_v make_v good_a your_o interpretation_n by_o any_o cogent_a proof_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n for_o to_o tell_v you_o the_o truth_n i_o think_v your_o doctor_n have_v lead_v you_o astray_o in_o this_o point_n and_o till_o you_o can_v make_v it_o out_o better_o than_o you_o have_v do_v i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o old_a opinion_n and_o if_o your_o argument_n be_v good_a that_o no_o commoner_n be_v there_o because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n then_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n none_o of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v there_o neither_o because_o none_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o baron_n be_v elect_v as_o for_o the_o want_n of_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o these_o parliament_n if_o that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o make_v as_o much_o against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n nay_o the_o very_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o lord_n since_o there_o be_v no_o writ_n of_o summons_n find_v for_o their_o appearance_n at_o either_o of_o these_o parliament_n and_o so_o the_o king_n may_v call_v who_o he_o please_v m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o montfort_n have_v summon_v some_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o appear_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o he_o also_o call_v some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o yet_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n though_o we_o can_v now_o positive_o tell_v what_o they_o be_v nor_o to_o follow_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o monfort_n however_o it_o may_v then_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o perhaps_o the_o king_n do_v not_o like_o it_o because_o introduce_v by_o a_o rebel_n and_o he_o have_v also_o by_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n so_o quell_v the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v afterward_o able_a to_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o mr._n cambden_n nameless_a manuscript_n author_n cite_v in_o his_o brittania_n that_o after_o the_o horrid_a trouble_n and_o confusion_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n only_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n quibus_fw-la rex_fw-la dignatus_fw-la est_fw-la brevia_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la dirigere_fw-la venirent_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alii_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o shall_v prove_v from_o the_o next_o statute_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o be_v extant_a viz._n that_o of_o maâ—lâ—bridge_n 145._o make_v in_o the_o 52_o d._n year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o more_o summon_v than_o some_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o the_o great_a and_o lessâ—r_a baron_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o statute_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la brovisum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o statutum_n ac_fw-la concordatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n
man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v then_o in_o full_a parliament_n on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n grant_v he_o 40_o s._n on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n and_o it_o thence_o also_o appear_v that_o though_o this_o tax_n be_v say_v to_o be_v give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o be_v by_o the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v whole_o upon_o knight_n fee_n so_o that_o hitherto_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n there_o appear_v nothing_o that_o can_v plain_o evince_v either_o the_o summon_v or_o be_v of_o any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n as_o now_o understand_v we_o be_v at_o least_o leave_v at_o great_a uncertainty_n nay_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o proof_n be_v more_o strong_a on_o the_o negative_a that_o there_o be_v none_o f._n i_o wonder_v you_o shall_v mention_v this_o writ_n any_o more_o since_o i_o have_v already_o confute_v the_o doctor_n notion_n about_o it_o and_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v a_o general_a tax_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o not_o lay_v either_o by_o or_o upon_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o nor_o do_v the_o way_n of_o tax_v by_o 40_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n at_o all_o prove_v it_o for_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o land_n only_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n then_o this_o tax_n can_v not_o have_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o estate_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v since_o the_o king_n can_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n have_v force_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o grant_v he_o a_o aid_n towards_o this_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n and_o if_o what_o you_o say_v be_v true_a can_v also_o have_v make_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v contribute_v to_o it_o according_a to_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v and_o this_o without_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o aâ—_n therefore_o pray_v give_v some_o better_a authority_n than_o this_o for_o iâ—e_o assure_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o it_o m._n i_o will_v now_o give_v you_o the_o write_v the_o doctor_n have_v discover_v and_o by_o which_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o this_o tax_n grant_v in_o the_o 18_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n dein_fw-ge be_v give_v before_o ever_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o it_o and_o for_o this_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v find_v out_o a_o loose_a bundle_n of_o writ_n of_o this_o year_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o most_o county_n of_o england_n and_o they_o be_v the_o ancient_a extant_a or_o perhaps_o that_o ever_o be_v for_o in_o probability_n the_o call_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n according_a to_o that_o example_n be_v discontinue_v from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o unto_o this_o time_n by_o which_o two_n or_o three_o knight_n be_v direct_v to_o be_v choose_v for_o each_o county_n pray_v read_v the_o writ_n 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it_o be_v evident_a from_o this_o record_n mean_v that_o of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n abovemention_v who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la or_o people_n intend_v by_o the_o historian_n in_o this_o place_n to_o wit_n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v not_o then_o commoners_z as_o well_o as_o now_o though_o reckon_v among_o the_o magnate_n and_o as_o a_o superior_a order_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n here_o call_v by_o a_o general_a word_n mercatores_fw-la who_o then_o give_v a_o 20_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n by_o themselves_o but_o that_o the_o word_n plebs_fw-la do_v not_o only_o signify_v the_o lay_v nobility_n but_o the_o commons_o too_o in_o both_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n westminster_n be_v also_o as_o plain_a for_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n concern_v the_o reception_n 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more_o money_n his_o son_n prince_n edward_n be_v force_v to_o confirm_v they_o as_o the_o dr._n himself_o confess_v in_o the_o same_o place_n after_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v satisfy_v but_o as_o for_o the_o dr_n wondrous_a discovery_n of_o the_o false_a bad_a translation_n of_o the_o old_a french_a coronation_n oath_n i_o do_v so_o far_o indeed_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la aura_fw-fr elu_fw-fr be_v not_o to_o be_v translate_v which_o the_o commons_o or_o vulgar_a people_n but_o the_o whole_a community_n shall_v choose_v render_v here_o by_o the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la by_o the_o old_a monkish_a translator_n yet_o this_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n signify_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o who_o ever_o know_v the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o superior_a clergy_n and_o nobility_n and_o so_o to_o exclude_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n in_o general_n but_o mat._n westm._n tell_v we_o 10._o concessus_n esâ—_n viz._n to_o eâ—_n i_o novenarius_n denaâ—ius_n à _fw-la vulgo_fw-la à _fw-la clero_fw-la vero_fw-la denus_fw-la ad_fw-la scotorum_fw-la pâ—rtinaciam_fw-la reprimendam_fw-la who_o have_v then_o invade_v northumberland_n and_o harrass_v the_o other_o northern_a country_n 25._o now_o pray_v read_v the_o dr_n comment_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o his_o glossary_n here_o vulgus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o populus_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la when_o oppose_v to_o clerus_fw-la or_o join_v with_o it_o as_o a_o distinct_a body_n of_o man_n and_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o plebs_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o vulgus_fw-la be_v the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o historian_n whether_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n alone_o or_o the_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n with_o the_o commons_o be_v understand_v by_o they_o that_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o 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i._o it_o signify_v only_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la till_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o that_o king_n f._n i_o be_o sorry_a to_o see_v prepossession_n and_o prejudice_n have_v so_o much_o overrun_v you_o as_o to_o hinder_v you_o from_o close_v with_o the_o truth_n for_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o author_n can_v in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v without_o dispute_n comprehend_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o parliament_n under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o proâ—eres_fw-la and_o magnate_v and_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o next_o passage_n cite_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n why_o may_v not_o other_o writer_n do_v so_o too_o in_o other_o parliament_n as_o for_o your_o next_o exception_n it_o be_v a_o very_a small_a cavil_v for_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o summons_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o king_n 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as_o other_o historian_n relate_v at_o large_a 2463._o and_o also_o that_o present_o after_o david_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o lewellyn_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o mischief_n be_v as_o this_o author_n show_v we_o in_o magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n condemn_v and_o afterward_o hang_v draw_v and_o quarter_v walsingham_n be_v more_o short_a in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o parliament_n only_o say_v 51._o that_o in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o habitum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n in_o which_o this_o david_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v as_o before_o but_o thomas_n wike_v who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n in_o his_o chronicle_n 111._o but_o now_o cite_v will_v better_o instruct_v we_o than_o either_o walsingham_n or_o knighton_n and_o his_o account_n of_o this_o parliament_n be_v as_o follow_v anno_fw-la 1282._o circa_n festum_fw-la sti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la rex_fw-la convocari_fw-la fecit_fw-la apud_fw-la salopesberiam_fw-la majores_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o fecit_fw-la illuc_fw-la addaci_fw-la david_n qui_fw-la apud_fw-la rothelan_n fuerat_fw-la captivatus_fw-la ut_fw-la super_fw-la exigentiam_fw-la delicti_fw-la '_o svi_fw-la corpore_fw-la subiret_fw-la judicium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o relate_v at_o large_a the_o manner_n of_o his_o execution_n from_o which_o passage_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o author_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o who_o constitute_v this_o great_a parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n viz._n majores_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o last_o as_o i_o have_v now_o often_o prove_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o citizen_n m._n but_o yet_o this_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o 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writ_n of_o 11_o the_o edward_n i._o for_o summon_v the_o temporal_a lord_n to_o be_v with_o that_o king_n at_o a_o collequy_n or_o parliament_n opud_fw-la salop_n in_o crastino_n sti._n michaelis_n and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o roll_v a_o second_o write_v direct_v to_o several_a city_n and_o burrough_n for_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n with_o a_o void_a space_n to_o insert_v more_o name_n ibid._n and_o also_o a_o three_o write_v be_v there_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o county_n in_o england_n to_o cause_n to_o be_v choose_v two_o knight_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la commitatus_fw-la and_o last_o there_o be_v a_o 4_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n with_o the_o same_o preamble_n to_o each_o of_o they_o all_o be_v command_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n now_o what_o can_v dr._n brady_n say_v to_o this_o that_o he_o who_o be_v so_o long_a keeper_n of_o these_o record_n and_o sure_a aught_o to_o have_v peruse_v they_o as_o he_o do_v many_o other_o of_o the_o same_o reign_n yet_o have_v either_o wilful_o or_o careless_o pass_v by_o this_o so_o memorable_a a_o record_n and_o so_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v convince_v you_o for_o the_o future_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v over_o positive_a in_o a_o opinion_n because_o it_o can_v not_o present_o be_v confute_v and_o let_v you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o summons_n will_v appear_v as_o well_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n reign_v have_v not_o those_o record_n be_v lose_v and_o destroy_v which_o consider_v we_o have_v reason_n to_o thank_v god_n for_o those_o that_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n have_v yet_o leâ—t_v we_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v tell_v i_o more_o than_o ever_o i_o yet_o thought_n can_v be_v
to_o the_o pope_n 8._o but_o anno_fw-la 40_o edw._n iii_o when_o the_o pope_n demand_v the_o arrear_n of_o this_o tribute_n from_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n duke_n count_z baron_n and_o commons_o upon_o their_o full_a deliberation_n in_o parliament_n resolve_v with_o one_o accord_n that_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v put_v the_o realm_n nor_o people_n thereof_o into_o such_o subjection_n sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr without_o their_o assent_n viz._n as_o well_o of_o the_o commons_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o many_o evidence_n that_o if_o he_o have_v so_o do_v it_o be_v do_v sanz_v lour_v assent_n and_o contrary_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o above_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o dispute_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n of_o which_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v then_o undoubted_o a_o part_n ought_v to_o have_v 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i_o may_v say_v of_o gatton_n in_o surrey_n which_o tho_o mr._n prin_fw-mi will_v have_v but_o to_o be_v a_o new_a burrough_n because_o no_o return_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v make_v for_o it_o by_o the_o sheriff_n till_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n the_o 6_o yet_o this_o be_v no_o certain_a rule_n since_o it_o be_v a_o very_a old_a burrough_n and_o have_v ancient_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o that_o we_o find_v several_a great_a council_n hold_v at_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n though_o it_o be_v certain_o now_o reduce_v to_o a_o small_a hamlet_n of_o half_a a_o score_n house_n now_o i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v whether_o the_o sheriff_n will_v have_v pitch_v upon_o so_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a a_o place_n as_o this_o to_o make_v a_o burrow_n of_o have_v it_o never_o send_v any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o those_o gentleman_n that_o know_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n he_o have_v there_o 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1_o henry_n the_o 5_o which_o do_v but_o recite_v and_o confirm_v this_o ancient_a custom_n so_o that_o this_o trick_n of_o choose_v member_n for_o beeâ—_n and_o ale_n have_v be_v introduce_v but_o of_o late_a age_n viz._n since_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 8_o when_o gentleman_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v choose_v for_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o if_o that_o be_v so_o the_o last_o cause_n fall_v off_o itself_o viz._n the_o desire_n of_o such_o small_a town_n to_o elect_n since_o if_o they_o can_v get_v nothing_o but_o rather_o loose_v by_o their_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o pay_v they_o their_o wage_n as_o they_o must_v do_v as_o long_o as_o they_o choose_v from_o among_o themselves_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o believe_v
that_o they_o ever_o shall_v desire_v this_o as_o a_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v only_o since_o the_o neglect_n of_o this_o good_a old_a law_n for_o wage_n that_o so_o many_o burrough_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi hear_v mention_n to_o have_v have_v precept_n again_o send_v they_o of_o late_a year_n to_o elect_a member_n after_o some_o age_n intermission_n desire_v to_o have_v this_o privilege_n renew_v to_o they_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o those_o burrough_n he_o here_o mention_n which_o yet_o certain_o have_v be_v very_o gross_a 238._o and_o contrary_a to_o all_o common_a right_n if_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v not_o then_o believe_v those_o burrough_n to_o have_v a_o have_v high_a right_o by_o prescription_n than_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n give_v they_o as_o for_o the_o last_o rank_n viz._n those_o burrough_n create_v by_o the_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n i_o need_v say_v but_o little_a since_o this_o author_n here_o grant_v such_o 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the_o whole_a populace_n or_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o town_n that_o be_v to_o elect_a before_o but_o to_o show_v you_o from_o the_o very_a statute_n themselves_o that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o cite_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n be_v not_o ancient_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o original_a than_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n pray_v read_v these_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n he_o have_v here_o quote_v 241._o the_o first_o be_v that_o memorable_a statute_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o richard_n 2d_o 2d_o parl._n c._n 5._o now_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v which_o express_o enact_v that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v for_o time_n to_o come_v have_v summons_n of_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o henceforth_o as_o before_o to_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o whatever_o person_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v the_o say_a summons_n be_v he_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z prior_n duke_n earl_n baron_n banneret_n knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n of_o city_n burgess_n of_o burgh_n or_o other_o singular_a person_n or_o commonalty_n do_v absent_a himself_o and_o come_v not_o at_o the_o say_a summons_n except_o he_o may_v reasonable_o and_o lawful_o excuse_v himself_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o the_o say_a case_n and_o if_o any_o sheriff_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v henceforth_o negligent_a in_o make_v his_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o say_v return_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n which_o be_v bind_v 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commons_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o word_n equal_o apply_v to_o all_o the_o order_n here_o mention_v last_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v neglect_v in_o make_v return_n to_o any_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v thus_o bind_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o time_n past_a or_o do_v anciente_a now_o pray_v tell_v with_o what_o colour_n of_o justice_n the_o sheriff_n can_v be_v thus_o punish_v if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o know_v what_o â—_z and_o burrough_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n but_o it_o have_v be_v whole_o leave_v at_o the_o sheriff_n discretion_n which_o they_o shall_v summons_n and_o which_o they_o will_v omit_v let_v we_o next_o compare_v this_o with_o the_o statute_n of_o 23d_o of_o henry_n 6_o c._n 15._o which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o also_o give_v we_o recite_v that_o divers_a sheriff_n of_o county_n have_v sometime_o return_v none_o of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n lawful_o choose_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n but_o such_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v be_v return_v which_o be_v never_o due_o choose_v and_o other_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n than_o those_o which_o by_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailiff_n be_v to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n return_v and_o moreover_o by_o no_o precept_n to_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailift_n or_o to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o bailiâ—â—i_n where_o no_o mayor_n be_v for_o the_o elect_v of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o then_o appoint_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o say_a abuse_n and_o neglect_v now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o whether_o this_o bare_a abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o neglect_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n here_o condemn_v by_o this_o statute_n and_o for_o which_o the_o former_a statute_n of_o richard_n ii_o declare_v they_o punishable_a at_o common_a law_n as_o this_o act_n make_v they_o liable_a to_o it_o by_o statute_n law_n can_v give_v they_o such_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o this_o author_n fancy_n much_o less_o can_v serve_v to_o corroborate_v his_o opinion_n as_o he_o here_o suppose_v it_o do_v concern_v the_o true_a original_n continuance_n discontinuance_n revive_v and_o antiquate_v parliamentary_a city_n and_o burrough_n not_o by_o charter_n and_o patent_n from_o the_o king_n or_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o by_o the_o sheriff_n arbitrary_a power_n and_o return_v by_o the_o forecited_a general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n but_o since_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v dwell_v too_o long_o on_o my_o answer_n to_o mr._n prin_n argument_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o only_o give_v you_o one_o record_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v sufficient_o satisfy_v you_o that_o not_o only_a st._n alban_n but_o several_a other_o ancient_n burrough_n claim_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n which_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n or_o commission_n recite_v a_o peâ—ition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent-roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_fw-la set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v be_v a_o free_a burrough_n à _fw-la tempore_fw-la câ—jus_fw-la contrarii_fw-la memoria_fw-la non_fw-la exisâ—it_fw-la and_o as_o such_o enjoy_v divers_a liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n by_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n and_o this_o among_o other_o ac_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la singula_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nâ—stra_fw-la &_o dictorum_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la among_o which_o the_o say_a king_n athelstan_n must_v certain_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o duos_fw-la burgenses_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la burgi_n mittere_fw-la solebant_fw-la and_o therefore_o
that_o charter_n be_v lose_v they_o desire_v a_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o king_n whereupon_o he_o by_o this_o commission_n direct_v a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n to_o several_a gentleman_n and_o other_o therein_o mention_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o say_a burgess_n have_v enjoy_v all_o those_o liberty_n so_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n or_o not_o which_o will_v have_v be_v ridiculous_a if_o the_o king_n and_o council_n have_v be_v satisfy_v that_o no_o city_n and_o burroughs_n scent_n any_o member_n to_o parliament_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o not_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o this_o authority_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o barâ—staple_n be_v one_o of_o mr._n prin_n modern_a burrough_n for_o which_o he_o can_v find_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v early_o than_o the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o though_o no_o doubt_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o their_o petition_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n it_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n many_o age_n before_o though_o the_o precept_n and_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v all_o lose_v and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n do_v thus_o claim_v by_o prescription_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n have_v always_o claim_v the_o same_o privilege_n may_v appear_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n extant_a on_o the_o parliament-roll_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o 45._o which_o i_o shall_v contract_v and_o put_v into_o english_a out_o of_o french_a recite_v thus_o because_o of_o common_a right_n in_o the_o roll_n de_fw-fr commune_fw-la dâ—oit_fw-fr of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v elect_v two_o from_o every_o county_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commune_fw-la of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o also_o the_o prelate_n duke_n baron_n count_n baron_n and_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o barony_n which_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o writ_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n except_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o ought_v to_o elect_a from_o among_o themselves_o such_o as_o ought_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o than_o claim_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o common_a right_n that_o be_v by_o common_a law_n or_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n as_o much_o as_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n 2._o that_o neither_o the_o bishop_n lord_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o authority_n to_o impose_v tax_n or_o make_v law_n for_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n or_o these_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o their_o consent_n because_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n to_o answer_v for_o they_o in_o parliament_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o will_v have_v be_v absolute_o convince_a can_v we_o have_v see_v this_o charter_n of_o k._n athelstans_n but_o since_o the_o townsman_n of_o barnstaple_n do_v only_o in_o their_o petition_n among_o other_o set_v forth_o this_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o who_o can_v tell_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o their_o charter_n or_o not_o since_o they_o confess_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o or_o grant_v it_o be_v as_o they_o set_v forth_o yet_o be_v will_v sufficient_o evince_v that_o the_o right_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o parliament_n be_v not_o as_o you_o suppose_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n but_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n f._n as_o to_o these_o objection_n we_o can_v have_v but_o all_o the_o proof_n that_o this_o subject_n be_v capable_a of_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n of_o time_n but_o if_o i_o be_v a_o juryman_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v rather_o believe_v that_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n have_v such_o charter_n not_o long_o before_o they_o make_v this_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o clause_n therein_o as_o they_o here_o set_v forth_o than_o that_o these_o townsman_n shall_v be_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o desire_v a_o new_a charter_n of_o confirmation_n from_o he_o of_o all_o their_o privilege_n of_o which_o this_o of_o elect_v burgess_n be_v one_o if_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o such_o clause_n in_o it_o at_o all_o but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o objection_n that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o than_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o right_a of_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n it_o be_v very_o fallacious_a as_o you_o will_v find_v if_o you_o consider_v and_o compare_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n to_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o they_o i_o prove_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o christianity_n itself_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o as_o for_o the_o priesthood_n and_o nobility_n in_o general_n to_o have_v be_v as_o old_a as_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n itself_o now_o though_o you_o grant_v that_o long_a before_o the_o conquest_n our_o king_n have_v the_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o also_o the_o make_n of_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z who_o make_v the_o temporal_a nobility_n in_o those_o great_a council_n will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o king_n be_v thus_o entrust_v by_o the_o people_n with_o this_o prerogative_n of_o name_v and_o invest_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la and_o also_o of_o create_v those_o great_a man_n now_o mention_v that_o therefore_o all_o the_o right_a either_o order_n have_v to_o appear_v at_o those_o council_n not_o only_o proceed_v from_o but_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o king_n good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v have_v name_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n to_o vacant_a see_v and_o abbey_n or_o make_v any_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z or_o not_o but_o have_v change_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o government_n into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n by_o destroy_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whether_o you_o believe_v the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n will_v have_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o king_n to_o have_v make_v such_o a_o innovation_n apply_v this_o to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o most_o of_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n and_o see_v if_o it_o do_v not_o exact_o agree_v with_o this_o parallel_a case_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n since_o as_o there_o be_v priest_n and_o noble_n who_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o our_o great_a council_n do_v not_o owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o king_n but_o bring_v it_o with_o they_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o to_o who_o suffrage_n the_o first_o saxon_n king_n owe_v their_o election_n so_o no_o doubt_n be_v there_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n so_o considerable_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v think_v â—it_a to_o pitch_v upon_o they_o as_o most_o able_a to_o send_v representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n that_o so_o they_o may_v imitate_v their_o old_a government_n in_o their_o own_o country_n in_o which_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n have_v always_o a_o considerable_a share_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o german_a diet_n to_o this_o day_n though_o the_o king_n may_v then_o as_o he_o be_v now_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o prerogative_n of_o make_v new_a city_n and_o burrough_n with_o like_a privilege_n with_o the_o old_a one_o though_o this_o be_v but_o rare_o practise_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n i._o the_o two_o university_n be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o corporation_n on_o which_o he_o confer_v this_o privilege_n by_o charter_n of_o elect_v and_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n which_o power_n have_v i_o confess_v be_v exercise_v even_o to_o a_o grievance_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o his_o son_n and_o grandson_n so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o there_o be_v a_o law_n pass_v that_o no_o new_a city_n or_o burrow_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o the_o future_a without_o a_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n now_o i_o will_v very_o glad_o hear_v what_o you_o can_v further_o say_v to_o so_o many_o weighty_a authority_n which_o i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o if_o they_o be_v compare_v and_o consider_v in_o series_n of_o time_n that_o neither_o edw._n 2d_o or_o 3d_o nor_o their_o judge_n or_o learned_a council_n no_o nor_o the_o parliament_n
of_o this_o i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o early_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n after_o the_o conquest_n viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o during_o who_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n he_o have_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o william_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 399._o who_o abuse_v his_o power_n by_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o insolent_a carriage_n affront_a and_o oppress_v john_n earl_n of_o morton_n the_o king_n be_v own_o brother_n and_o geoffry_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o king_n be_v base_a brother_n whereupon_o they_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o and_o have_v the_o bishop_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o their_o side_n appoint_v the_o say_a bishop_n a_o day_n to_o answer_v to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o call_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o when_o he_o refuse_v to_o appear_v they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n come_v to_o london_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o follower_n and_o adherent_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n by_o the_o way_n when_o they_o come_v to_o town_n earl_n john_n with_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o york_n and_o roven_n with_o all_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n meet_v in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n and_o there_o it_o be_v propose_v that_o the_o say_a chancellor_n shall_v for_o his_o evil_a government_n he_o depose_v and_o banish_v the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o he_o immediate_o be_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o a_o irresistible_a power_n in_o the_o king_n and_o those_o put_v in_o commission_n by_o he_o when_o they_o find_v their_o power_n to_o grow_v tyrannical_a and_o insupportable_a m._n but_o if_o i_o forget_v not_o you_o omit_v one_o material_a circumstance_n in_o this_o affâ—ir_n which_o seem_v to_o make_v against_o you_o which_o be_v that_o archbishop_n of_o roven_n and_o william_n the_o earl_n marshal_n do_v at_o that_o time_n produce_v the_o king_n letter_n sign_v with_o his_o 〈◊〉_d wherein_o he_o have_v appoint_v that_o they_o two_o shall_v be_v associate_v in_o the_o government_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o privity_n and_o consent_n and_o of_o those_o associate_v with_o he_o in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o if_o he_o offer_v to_o do_v otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v depose_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v what_o they_o now_o act_v be_v not_o so_o muchin_n opposition_n to_o the_o king_n commission_n as_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o command_n f._n i_o confess_v it_o be_v as_o you_o set_v forth_o yet_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o opinion_n since_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o arm_n be_v take_v and_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o londoner_n before_o ever_o it_o be_v know_v that_o such_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o king_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v have_v do_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o such_o letter_n send_v by_o the_o king_n at_o all_o you_o may_v also_o remember_v that_o all_o these_o proceed_n also_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o but_o that_o i_o may_v proceed_v in_o my_o history_n of_o nonresistance_n i_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n his_o brother_n who_o when_o he_o have_v refuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o dein_fw-ge they_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o all_o degree_n and_o condition_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v a_o vast_a army_n resolve_v never_o to_o lay_v they_o down_o till_o he_o have_v new_o grant_v and_o confirm_v the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n till_o at_o last_o the_o king_n find_v himself_o almost_o quite_o forsake_v so_o that_o he_o have_v scarce_o five_o knight_n leave_v about_o he_o he_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o meet_v the_o say_v bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o people_n at_o runne-mead_n and_o there_o to_o grant_v they_o that_o great_a charter_n which_o have_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o so_o much_o discourse_n between_o we_o so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o those_o time_n if_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v the_o representative_n of_o this_o church_n have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o this_o doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a will_n and_o command_n m._n i_o can_v deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v but_o yet_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o pope_n think_v the_o king_n 166._o hardly_o deal_v withal_o in_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o he_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n concern_v the_o rebellion_n and_o injury_n which_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n have_v commit_v against_o their_o king_n and_o that_o upon_o a_o solemn_a hear_n of_o the_o whole_a business_n and_o after_o a_o consultation_n with_o his_o cardinal_n he_o do_v as_o supreme_a lord_n of_o engâ—and_n after_o king_n john_n resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o he_o by_o his_o bull_n then_o publish_v make_v void_a the_o say_v great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n and_o condemn_v all_o the_o baron_n proceed_n as_o against_o their_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n their_o sovereign_a lord_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v this_o be_v not_o approve_v of_o any_o where_o but_o by_o the_o actor_n the_o pope_n thereupon_o excommunicate_v the_o baron_n and_o suspend_v the_o archbishop_n of_o caâ—terbury_n for_o join_v with_o they_o f._n i_o believe_v you_o will_v make_v nothing_o of_o this_o objection_n 230._o for_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o same_o author_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v before_o this_o excommunicate_v the_o king_n and_o as_o far_o as_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n deprive_v he_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o absolve_v all_o his_o subject_n of_o their_o allegiance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plaiâ—_n it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o true_a principle_n or_o hatred_n of_o rebellion_n and_o resistance_n in_o subject_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v thus_o act_v but_o pure_o to_o gratify_v the_o king_n at_o this_o juncture_n of_o time_n and_o to_o defend_v he_o in_o his_o tyranny_n and_o breach_n of_o his_o own_o charter_n because_o he_o be_v then_o become_v his_o vassal_n and_o so_o he_o care_v not_o how_o much_o he_o oppress_v his_o subject_n because_o he_o be_v thereby_o the_o more_o able_a to_o pay_v he_o the_o tribute_n before_o promise_v and_o he_o can_v also_o expect_v the_o more_o secure_o to_o extort_v money_n from_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o bull_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o express_a act_n and_o agreement_n appear_v plain_o by_o that_o clause_n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o charter_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o this_o king_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n according_a to_o which_o it_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o form_n we_o now_o find_v it_o in_o mat._n paris_n in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a king_n that_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o break_v or_o infringe_v any_o clause_n in_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o shall_v not_o amend_v it_o within_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n that_o then_o iâ—li_n barones_n cum_fw-la communia_fw-la totius_fw-la terrae_fw-la distringent_fw-la &_o gravabunt_fw-la nos_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la poverint_fw-la aut_fw-la scil_n per_fw-la captionem_fw-la castrorum_fw-la terrarum_fw-la possessionum_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la modis_fw-la quibus_fw-la potuerint_fw-la donec_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la eorum_fw-la salva_fw-la persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginâ—e_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la â—uerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nobis_fw-la sient_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o in_o the_o judgement_n even_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o they_o may_v free_o resist_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o till_o he_o make_v good_a every_o article_n of_o these_o charter_n if_o violate_v and_o be_v not_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n till_o it_o be_v amend_v and_o the_o like_a clause_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n publish_v in_o mat._n paris_n 261._o m._n i_o grant_v the_o clause_n be_v there_o as_o
this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o eight_o penny_n of_o their_o good_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v go_v over_o the_o constable_n and_o earl_n marshal_n with_o other_o earl_n and_o baron_n go_v to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o forbid_v the_o judge_n to_o levy_v the_o say_a tax_n upon_o the_o people_n by_o the_o sheriff_n because_o it_o be_v do_v without_o their_o knowledge_n without_o who_o consent_n no_o tax_n ought_v to_o be_v exact_v or_o impose_v so_o that_o the_o say_v earl_n and_o baron_n be_v thus_o gather_v together_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n join_v with_o they_o at_o last_o prince_n edw._n then_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n come_v attend_v with_o great_a multitude_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o will_v not_o enter_v the_o city_n of_o london_n till_o the_o prince_n have_v in_o his_o father_n name_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n and_o have_v pass_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la both_o which_o be_v afterward_o again_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n his_o father_n some_o time_n after_o his_o return_n and_o this_o will_v serve_v to_o explain_v the_o last_o article_n in_o this_o statute_n which_o comprehend_v the_o king_n pardon_n or_o remission_n to_o humphrey_n earl_n of_o herâ—ford_n and_o essâ—x_n then_o constable_n and_o roger_n bigot_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n marshal_n of_o england_n the_o two_o principal_a leader_n in_o the_o late_a resistance_n with_o all_o other_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o esquire_n of_o their_o party_n all_o league_n and_o confederacy_n as_o also_o all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_a with_o all_o other_o transgression_n against_o they_o &_o and_o pray_v see_v sir_n edward_n coke_n comment_n on_o these_o word_n 536._o you_o compare_v our_o english_a history_n with_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o old_a say_n shall_v be_v verify_v that_o record_n of_o parliament_n the_o true_a history_n the_o king_n have_v conceive_v a_o deep_a displeasure_n against_o the_o constable_n marshal_z and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n for_o deny_v that_o which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v yet_o for_o that_o they_o stand_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n i_o suppose_v he_o refer_v to_o the_o resistance_n but_o now_o mention_v whereupon_o he_o do_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o same_o to_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a but_o grant_v special_a pardon_n to_o those_o against_o who_o he_o have_v conceive_v so_o heavy_a a_o displeasure_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o you_o will_v scarce_o read_v the_o like_a and_o after_o a_o short_a gloss_n upon_o the_o word_n rancour_n and_o ill-will_a he_o thus_o comment_v on_o these_o word_n etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la qâ—as_fw-la fecâ—inâ—_n here_o the_o word_n si_fw-fr quaâ—_n sicâ—iâ—t_fw-la be_v add_v lest_o by_o acceptance_n of_o a_o pardon_n they_o shall_v confess_v they_o have_v transgress_v so_o careful_a be_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a law_n liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n then_o think_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v not_o transgress_v in_o thus_o stand_v up_o though_o with_o force_n of_o arm_n for_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n and_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o this_o author_n do_v not_o conceive_v such_o a_o resistance_n to_o be_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o so_o treason_n at_o that_o time_n at_o common_a law_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v afterward_o treason_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o since_o that_o statute_n dâ—es_v not_o make_v any_o other_o overtact_n to_o be_v treason_n but_o what_o have_v be_v so_o by_o common_a law_n before_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n son_n edward_n the_o second_o there_o be_v much_o more_o pregnant_a and_o fatal_a proof_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n against_o peirce_n gaveston_n who_o have_v be_v before_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n banish_v the_o realm_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n licence_n but_o without_o any_o reverse_n of_o the_o say_a act_n thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n the_o king_n uncle_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o though_o he_o raise_v some_o force_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n yet_o they_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o behead_v he_o near_z warwick_z some_o year_n after_o which_o the_o say_a thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n with_o humphrey_z de_fw-fr bohun_n earl_n of_o hereford_n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n and_o baron_n take_v arm_n and_o spoil_v the_o land_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n come_v up_o to_o london_n where_o the_o king_n have_v call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o banish_v the_o say_v spencer_n out_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o they_o quick_o return_v again_o against_o who_o when_o the_o say_v earl_n above_o mention_v and_o divers_a other_o baron_n and_o knight_n again_o take_v arm_n but_o be_v fail_v by_o some_o of_o their_o confederates_n be_v overpower_a by_o the_o king_n party_n and_o the_o earl_n be_v take_v prisoner_n be_v attaint_v and_o behead_v at_o portfract_a yet_o be_v the_o this_o judgement_n against_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n afterward_o reverse_v in_o parliament_n in_o 1_o mo_z edward_n the_o three_o and_o their_o heir_n restore_v in_o blood_n as_o also_o to_o the_o land_n of_o their_o father_n as_o beside_o the_o act_n it_o still_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o roll_n appear_v more_o plain_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o this_o king_n be_v recite_v 2._o that_o whereas_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o all_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o quarrel_n with_o thomas_n e._n of_o lancaster_n against_o the_o spencer_n shall_v have_v their_o land_n and_o good_n restore_v because_o the_o say_a quarrel_n be_v find_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v good_a and_o just_a and_o that_o the_o judgement_n give_v against_o they_o be_v null_a and_o void_a and_o therefore_o command_v restitution_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n now_o in_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v find_v for_o the_o other_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o further_o that_o not_o only_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o earl_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o follower_n but_o also_o that_o which_o this_o king_n himself_o make_v together_o with_o queen_n isabel_n his_o mother_n against_o the_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n through_o the_o evil_a counsel_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o this_o king_n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o which_o there_o be_v recite_v a_o short_a history_n of_o the_o wicked_a government_n and_o banishment_n of_o the_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n and_o also_o how_o thomas_n late_a earl_n of_o lancaster_n be_v by_o their_o procurement_n pursue_v take_v execute_v disinherit_v and_o how_o the_o say_v spencer_n and_o robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o royal_a power_n they_o have_v usurp_v have_v cause_v the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o be_v utter_o forsake_v of_o the_o king_n
his_o father_n and_o to_o be_v exile_v from_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n be_v in_o so_o great_a jeopardy_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o see_v the_o destruction_n and_o disinherison_n which_o be_v notorious_o do_v in_o england_n upon_o holy_a church_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a spencer_n robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o encroachment_n of_o royal_a power_n to_o themselves_o and_o see_v they_o may_v not_o remedy_v the_o same_o unless_o they_o come_v into_o england_n with_o a_o army_n of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o have_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n with_o such_o puissance_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n vanquish_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a spencer_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n have_v provide_v and_o ordain_v &c._n &c._n as_o follow_v that_o no_o great_a man_n nor_o other_o of_o what_o estate_n dignity_n or_o condition_n soever_o he_o be_v that_o come_v in_o with_o the_o say_a king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o with_o the_o queen_n in_o aid_n of_o they_o to_o pursue_v their_o say_a enemy_n and_o in_o which_o pursuit_n the_o king_n his_o father_n be_v take_v and_o put_v in_o ward_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v impeach_v molest_v or_o grieve_v in_o person_n or_o in_o good_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n court_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o pursuit_n and_o take_v in_o hold_v the_o body_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n nor_o for_o the_o pursuit_n of_o any_o other_o person_n not_o take_v their_o good_n nor_o for_o the_o death_n of_o any_o man_n nor_o any_o other_o thing_n perpetrate_v or_o commit_v in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n arrival_n until_o the_o day_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o say_v king_n this_o act_n of_o indemnity_n be_v so_o full_a a_o justification_n of_o the_o necessity_n and_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o resistance_n that_o be_v then_o make_v against_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o and_o his_o wicked_a councillor_n the_o spencer_n that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n and_o though_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o take_v warning_n by_o the_o example_n of_o his_o father_n and_o be_v too_o wise_a then_o to_o follow_v the_o like_a arbitrary_a course_n yet_o richard_n the_o second_o his_o grandson_n be_v a_o wilful_a hot_a head_a young_a prince_n fall_v into_o all_o the_o error_n of_o his_o great_a grandfather_n and_o find_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a resistance_n from_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n for_o when_o he_o have_v high_o misgoverned_n the_o realm_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o favourite_n alexander_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o a_o parliament_n be_v call_v in_o the_o 10_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v take_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o ely_z with_o thomas_z duke_z of_o gloucester_z the_o king_n uncle_n richard_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o thomas_n earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o nine_o or_o ten_o other_o lord_n and_o bishop_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o king_n be_v new_o of_o age_n refuse_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n but_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o to_o try_v what_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v and_o also_o to_o hinder_v the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n from_o have_v any_o access_n to_o he_o but_o see_v what_o follow_v these_o violent_a and_o arbitrary_a course_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o that_o very_a time_n and_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o this_o king_n 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the_o king_n will_v that_o right_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 625._o etc._n etc._n which_o not_o satisfy_v as_o too_o doubtful_a and_o general_a the_o king_n at_o last_o give_v this_o full_a and_o clear_a answer_n in_o legal_a â—orm_n soit_fw-fr droit_n fait_fw-fr commâ—_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr desirè_fw-la the_o second_o point_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o civil_a property_n be_v this_o that_o no_o tax_n taillage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v lay_v or_o levy_v by_o the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n knight_n burgess_n and_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n this_o be_v first_o of_o all_o grant_v by_o the_o 56th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v as_o also_o more_o particular_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la in_o the_o 34th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v but_o a_o revival_n 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this_o statute_n extend_v to_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o other_o election_n since_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o elect_v member_n to_o parliament_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n 36._o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v as_o by_o the_o parliament_n as_o one_o of_o the_o article_n against_o richard_n the_o second_o in_o these_o word_n item_n licet_fw-la de_fw-la stato_fw-la &_o consuttudine_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o convocatione_n enjuslibet_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la populus_fw-la suus_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la debeat_fw-la esse_fw-la libre_fw-la ad_fw-la eligendum_fw-la &_o deputandum_fw-la milites_fw-la pro_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la inter_fw-la â—ssendum_fw-la parliamentis_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la exponendum_fw-la corum_fw-la gravamina_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la prosequendum_fw-la pro_fw-la remediis_fw-la superinde_v prout_fw-la videntur_fw-la expedire_fw-la tamen_fw-la praefatus_fw-la rex_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la liberius_fw-la consequi_fw-la valeat_fw-la suae_fw-la temerariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la effectum_fw-la direxit_fw-la mandata_fw-la sua_fw-la frequentius_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la ut_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la nominatas_fw-la ut_fw-la milites_fw-la câ—mitatuum_fw-la venirâ—_fw-it saciant_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la sua_fw-la quos_fw-la quidem_fw-la milites_fw-la eidem_fw-la regi_fw-la faventes_fw-la inducâ—re_fw-la poterat_fw-la prout_fw-la frequentius_fw-la fecit_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la minas_fw-la varias_fw-la &_o terrores_fw-la &_o quandoque_fw-la per_fw-la munera_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quâ—a_fw-la regno_fw-la praedicto_fw-la prâ—ejudicialia_fw-la fuerant_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la quam_fw-la plurimum_fw-la onerosa_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o you_o here_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v then_o judge_v by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v a_o brench_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o king_n to_o make_v false_a return_n to_o be_v make_v of_o parliament-man_n as_o also_o to_o corrupt_v or_o over-awe_n their_o vote_n either_o by_o promise_n or_o threatening_n but_o to_o conclude_v that_o we_o have_v such_o thing_n as_o fundamental_a law_n and_o privilege_n i_o shall_v go_v no_o far_o than_o king_n james_n i._o his_o speech_n confirm_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o express_v many_o way_n how_o far_o it_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v from_o his_o royal_a and_o sincere_a care_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n to_o alter_v or_o innovate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o good_a custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n whereby_o not_o only_o his_o royal_a authority_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n both_o in_o general_a and_o particular_a be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v and_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alteration_n of_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o â—rame_v of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n and_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n be_v true_a sure_o we_o may_v just_o suppose_v that_o thing_n of_o such_o vast_a concernment_n deserve_v our_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a and_o lawful_a to_o preserve_v they_o for_o what_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o land_n upon_o occasion_n once_o say_v with_o one_o voice_n in_o full_a parliament_n every_o freeborn_a subject_n of_o england_n may_v as_o well_o say_v at_o this_o day_n nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutari_fw-la which_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v 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right_a reason_n this_o also_o depend_v upon_o your_o former_a error_n in_o suppose_v that_o prince_n have_v a_o divine_a or_o natural_a right_n to_o their_o crown_n antecedent_n to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n which_o be_v already_o sufficient_o confute_v so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o god_n himself_o to_o alter_v the_o natural_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_v just_a and_o unjust_a yet_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o civil_a right_n of_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o subject_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v for_o according_a to_o those_o natural_a law_n since_o all_o civil_a property_n as_o well_o in_o crown_n as_o other_o possession_n must_v depend_v upon_o the_o particular_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o each_o kingdom_n and_o
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four_o five_o six_z seven_o eight_o nine_o ten_o eleven_o twelfth_n and_o thirteen_o dialogue_n 1694._o the_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o ensue_a dialogue_n whether_o monarchy_n be_v jure_fw-la divino_fw-la dialogue_n the_o first_o whether_o there_o can_v be_v make_v out_o from_o the_o natural_a or_o reveal_v law_n of_o god_n any_o succession_n to_o crown_n by_o divine_a right_n dialogue_n the_o second_o whether_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n by_o a_o whole_a nation_n or_o people_n in_o case_n of_o the_o last_o extremity_n can_v be_v justify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o rule_n of_o the_o gospel_n dialogue_n the_o three_o whether_o absolute_a non_fw-la resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o be_v the_o ancient_a practice_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o the_o constant_a doctrine_n of_o our_o regormed_a church_n of_o england_n dialogue_n the_o four_o whether_o the_o king_n be_v the_o sole_a 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the_o conquest_n acquire_v such_o a_o absolute_a uncondition_v right_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o this_o realm_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n as_o can_v never_o be_v lawful_o resist_v or_o forfeit_v for_o any_o maladministration_n or_o tyranny_n whatever_o dialogue_n the_o ten_o i._o in_o what_o sense_n all_o civil_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n may_v be_v also_o from_o the_o people_n ii_o whether_o his_o present_a majesty_n king_n william_n when_o prince_n of_o orange_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n against_o king_n james_n the_o ii_o iii_o whether_o the_o proceed_n of_o his_o present_a majesty_n before_o he_o be_v king_n as_o also_o of_o the_o late_a convention_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o say_a king_n james_n be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o government_n dialogue_n the_o eleven_o i._o whether_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o late_a convention_n wherein_o they_o declare_v the_o throne_n to_o be_v 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nobility_n and_o gentry_n have_v out_o of_o curiosity_n for_o some_o year_n before_o the_o late_a wonderful_a happy_a revolution_n as_o well_o aâ—_n since_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o my_o own_o conscience_n careful_o peruse_v all_o treatise_n of_o any_o value_n that_o have_v be_v publish_v of_o late_a year_n concern_v the_o original_a and_o right_n of_o civil_a government_n aâ—_n well_o of_o monarchy_n aâ—_n the_o other_o kind_n thereof_o as_o also_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n and_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o have_v find_v it_o necessary_a in_o order_n to_o my_o better_a retain_v of_o what_o i_o have_v read_v and_o make_v a_o more_o certain_a judgement_n thereupon_o to_o commit_v to_o write_v the_o most_o considerable_a argument_n on_o both_o side_n as_o well_o of_o those_o who_o have_v monarchy_n to_o be_v jure_fw-la devino_n as_o of_o those_o who_o only_o allow_v it_o to_o government_n in_o general_a of_o those_o who_o hold_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n or_o passive_a obedience_n as_o their_o phrase_n be_v as_o well_o as_o
fifty_o year_n ago_o but_o i_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_n establish_v doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n because_o these_o canon_n be_v not_o confirm_v but_o condemn_v by_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o consequent_o never_a legal_o establish_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o the_o public_a saction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o nation_n our_o old_a queen_n elix_fw-la divine_v 280._o such_o as_o bishop_n bilson_n and_o mr._n hooker_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o these_o doctrine_n nay_o teach_v in_o several_a place_n of_o their_o write_n the_o quite_o contrary_a noâ—_n be_v this_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n ever_o general_o maintain_v until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n iame_n reign_n when_o some_o court_n bishop_n and_o divine_n begin_v to_o make_v new_a discovery_n in_o politic_n as_o well_o as_o divinity_n and_o do_v by_o their_o preach_a and_o write_n affirm_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o 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doctrine_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o that_o all_o monarch_n be_v absolute_a they_o can_v be_v limit_v or_o oblige_v either_o by_o oath_n law_n or_o contract_n with_o their_o people_n 8._o far_o than_o they_o themselves_o shall_v think_v fit_a or_o consistent_a with_o their_o suppose_a prerogative_n of_o which_o they_o only_o be_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o four_o last_o king_n what_o strong_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o render_v themselves_o absolute_a and_o that_o few_o divine_n or_o common_a or_o civil_a lawyer_n be_v prefer_v in_o their_o reign_n to_o any_o considerable_a place_n either_o in_o church_n or_o state_n prerogative_n who_o do_v not_o maintain_v these_o new_a opinion_n both_o on_o the_o bench_n and_o in_o the_o pulpit_n you_o need_v not_o wonder_v when_o the_o stream_n of_o court_n preferment_n run_v so_o strong_a that_o way_n if_o so_o many_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o it_o since_o 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and_o right_n of_o prince_n and_o the_o absolute_a obedience_n of_o subject_n when_o they_o see_v even_o the_o king_n just_a and_o lawful_a prerogative_n in_o danger_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n and_o although_o they_o may_v perhaps_o stretch_v several_a of_o these_o point_n too_o far_o yet_o this_o may_v be_v very_o excusable_a since_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o write_v so_o exact_o against_o any_o error_n as_o not_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o contrary_a extreme_a which_o nevertheless_o may_v sometime_o prove_v useful_a enough_o as_o those_o who_o will_v set_v a_o stick_n straight_o be_v force_v to_o bend_v it_o to_o the_o other_o side_n and_o so_o these_o doctrine_n which_o may_v then_o be_v seasonable_a whilst_o the_o people_n carry_v on_o their_o animosity_n against_o the_o king_n far_o than_o in_o justice_n they_o ought_v have_v not_o now_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o cogency_n when_o this_o king_n have_v so_o manifest_o endeavour_v to_o pull_v up_o the_o 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with_o the_o power_n of_o all_o such_o master_n of_o family_n or_o freeman_n take_v together_o may_v for_o the_o sâ—me_a end_n viz._n the_o good_a government_n and_o peace_n of_o â—heir_a family_n and_o commonwealth_n make_v law_n under_o no_o less_o a_o penalty_n than_o death_n itself_o against_o such_o offence_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o deserve_v it_o since_o without_o such_o a_o power_n the_o wickedness_n of_o man_n be_v come_v to_o this_o height_n it_o be_v no_o family_n or_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v long_o preserve_v in_o peace_n or_o safety_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v but_o that_o such_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n may_v very_o well_o inflict_v any_o punishment_n less_o than_o death_n for_o such_o offence_n which_o if_o they_o find_v too_o gentle_a to_o amend_v those_o crime_n they_o may_v likewise_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n increase_v the_o punishment_n ordain_v for_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o yield_v that_o 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and_o domestic_a injury_n and_o of_o revenge_v and_o punish_v all_o offence_n that_o may_v prove_v prejudicial_a or_o destructive_a to_o the_o peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o their_o family_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o government_n of_o private_a family_n and_o kingdom_n be_v all_o one_o since_o they_o differ_v very_o much_o not_o only_o in_o their_o institution_n but_o also_o in_o their_o end_n for_o first_o the_o fatherly_a power_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v ordain_v only_o for_o the_o generation_n and_o education_n of_o the_o child_n till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v grow_v up_o and_o his_o authority_n as_o a_o father_n be_v ordain_v by_o god_n only_o for_o those_o end_n and_o therefore_o this_o relation_n of_o a_o father_n be_v so_o inherent_a in_o he_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v part_v with_o or_o assign_v over_o to_o any_o other_o so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o child_n or_o son_n so_o assign_v to_o owe_v the_o same_o duty_n to_o he_o as_o he_o 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own_o interest_n and_o advantage_n but_o that_o of_o the_o civil_a power_n chief_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o community_n last_o the_o power_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n be_v only_o for_o the_o maintain_v his_o own_o natural_a property_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v acquire_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n whereas_o one_o great_a end_n of_o civil_a government_n be_v to_o introduce_v and_o establish_v civil_a property_n in_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o also_o to_o maintain_v it_o when_o so_o constitute_v to_o conclude_v father_n beget_v their_o child_n and_o master_n acquire_v to_o themselves_o slave_n and_o servant_n but_o it_o be_v from_o the_o consent_n of_o father_n or_o master_n of_o separate_a family_n that_o any_o sort_n of_o civil_a
s._n p._n p._n advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o author_n of_o these_o discourse_n hope_n you_o will_v be_v so_o charitable_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o though_o he_o have_v make_v one_o of_o his_o disputant_n argue_v pretty_a stiff_o against_o the_o divine_a right_n of_o monarchy_n and_o succession_n to_o crown_n yet_o he_o be_v no_o commonwealths-man_n or_o one_o who_o hereby_o design_n or_o desire_n alteration_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o nation_n either_o of_o church_n or_o state_n since_o none_o can_v admire_v their_o excellent_a constitution_n more_o than_o himself_o much_o less_o do_v he_o prefer_v a_o elective_a before_o a_o hereditary_a succession_n to_o crown_n since_o he_o just_o esteem_v the_o latter_a as_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a if_o not_o only_a mean_v to_o prevent_v all_o dispute_n and_o civil_a disturbance_n about_o succession_n and_o therefore_o be_v never_o to_o be_v depart_v from_o unless_o when_o some_o natural_a or_o moral_a disability_n in_o the_o person_n or_o other_o unavoidable_a necessity_n render_v it_o absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n therefore_o as_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_o devout_a without_o superstition_n which_o be_v but_o the_o corruption_n or_o abuse_v of_o religion_n so_o the_o author_n likewise_o think_v that_o a_o subject_a may_v be_v true_o loyal_a and_o obedient_a to_o his_o prince_n though_o he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o or_o do_v not_o believe_v any_o divine_a right_n of_o monarchy_n derive_v from_o adam_n and_o noah_n or_o of_o succession_n from_o god_n promise_n that_o cain_n shall_v rule_v over_o abel_n nor_o have_v the_o author_n a_o aversion_n to_o absolute_a monarchy_n as_o such_o can_v he_o be_v assure_v that_o prince_n will_v be_v always_o as_o wise_a and_o good_a as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v nay_o he_o own_v that_o divers_a nation_n have_v never_o be_v more_o happy_a than_o under_o the_o government_n of_o such_o monarch_n as_o the_o roman_a empire_n for_o instance_n never_o arrive_v to_o a_o great_a height_n of_o riches_n and_o power_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v historian_n than_o under_o nerva_n trajan_n and_o the_o two_o antonines_n so_o that_o indeed_o the_o fault_n be_v not_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n as_o such_o but_o in_o the_o too_o general_a corruption_n of_o humane_a nature_n which_o rare_o produce_v person_n of_o just_a ability_n both_o as_o to_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n fit_a for_o so_o great_a a_o trust._n i_o confess_v subject_n may_v be_v sufficient_o happy_a and_o if_o they_o please_v content_v under_o any_o form_n of_o government_n where_o the_o governor_n be_v of_o equal_a capacity_n and_o honesty_n and_o have_v a_o real_a hearty_a love_n and_o concern_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o their_o people_n but_o where_o these_o be_v want_v it_o be_v not_o mere_a form_n or_o empty_a name_n can_v make_v they_o so_o and_o therefore_o the_o author_n very_o just_o admire_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o ancient_n german_n and_o gothick_n nation_n who_o prefer_v a_o limit_a monarchy_n to_o all_o other_o form_n of_o government_n as_o a_o excellent_a medium_fw-la between_o the_o mischief_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o those_o unhappy_a inconvenience_n that_o attend_v republic_n where_o either_o the_o common_a people_n or_o nobility_n must_v govern_v but_o the_o author_n far_a hope_n that_o though_o he_o make_v one_o of_o his_o disputant_n in_o this_o dialogue_n to_o show_v the_o absurdity_n and_o fatal_a consequence_n of_o sir_n r._n f_n principle_n yet_o the_o reader_n will_v not_o from_o thence_o infer_v that_o he_o pass_v a_o absolute_a judgement_n against_o they_o much_o less_o have_v he_o do_v this_o out_o of_o any_o prejudice_n to_o sir_n r_n person_n which_o he_o never_o be_v acquaint_v with_o since_o he_o have_v rather_o a_o honour_n for_o his_o memory_n his_o write_n speak_v he_o as_o a_o person_n of_o gentile_a learning_n and_o subtle_a ingenuity_n but_o whether_o his_o tenet_n be_v destructive_a to_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o this_o government_n the_o author_n submit_v to_o the_o reader_n be_v considerate_a judgement_n which_o he_o hope_n will_v be_v make_v without_o partiality_n or_o any_o prejudicate_a opinion_n proceed_v from_o this_o or_o that_o party_n or_o faction_n and_o will_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o therein_o observe_v the_o apostle_n rule_n to_o try_v all_o thing_n and_o hold_v fast_o that_o which_o be_v good_a the_o author_n last_o desire_v the_o reader_n not_o to_o think_v the_o worse_a of_o this_o performance_n though_o all_o the_o latin_a quotation_n be_v not_o englisht_v for_o since_o these_o discourse_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v between_o gentleman_n and_o scholar_n and_o principal_o intend_v for_o such_o it_o will_v be_v think_v needless_a to_o translate_v they_o the_o second_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n and_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n m._n you_o be_v i_o see_v sir_n a_o punctual_a man_n to_o your_o hour_n pray_v do_v i_o the_o favour_n to_o sit_v down_o by_o the_o fire_n i_o will_v but_o make_v a_o end_n of_o what_o i_o be_o write_v and_o wait_v on_o you_o present_o f._n your_o servant_n sir_n take_v your_o own_o time_n but_o pray_v remember_v the_o point_n you_o be_v now_o to_o satisfy_v i_o in_o m._n now_o sir_n i_o have_v do_v and_o if_o i_o remember_v right_a i_o be_o to_o derive_v a_o title_n to_o all_o the_o king_n and_o monarch_n that_o have_v ever_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o world_n from_o that_o supreme_a fatherly_a power_n confer_v by_o god_n on_o adam_n but_o pray_v take_v notice_n i_o undertake_v this_o task_n only_o for_o monarchy_n not_o commonwealth_n who_o i_o must_v own_o to_o be_v of_o mere_a humane_a invention_n and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o say_v that_o they_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a yet_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o the_o power_n ordain_v by_o god_n in_o scripture_n f._n well_o sir_n we_o will_v discourse_v far_o of_o that_o anon_o and_o therefore_o i_o do_v assure_v you_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v any_o more_o of_o you_o now_o than_o that_o you_o shall_v prove_v the_o divine_a institution_n of_o monarchy_n and_o i_o think_v that_o task_n sufficient_a if_o it_o can_v be_v make_v out_o in_o one_o or_o two_o meeting_n m._n it_o may_v seem_v indeed_o somewhat_o absurd_a to_o maintain_v that_o all_o king_n be_v now_o the_o father_n of_o their_o people_n since_o you_o will_v say_v experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a 8._o it_o be_v true_a all_o king_n be_v not_o now_o the_o natural_a parent_n of_o their_o subject_n yet_o they_o all_o either_o be_v or_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v the_o next_o heir_n to_o those_o primogenitor_n who_o be_v at_o the_o first_o the_o natural_a parent_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n and_o do_v in_o their_o right_n succeed_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n and_o such_o heir_n be_v not_o only_a lord_n of_o their_o own_o child_n but_o also_o of_o their_o brethren_n and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o father_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o god_n when_o he_o confer_v this_o supreme_a power_n on_o adam_n do_v not_o intend_v it_o shall_v die_v with_o he_o but_o descend_v to_o his_o heir_n after_o his_o decease_n f._n well_o i_o shall_v at_o present_a grant_v you_o all_o this_o likewise_o though_o it_o may_v be_v question_v but_o pray_v who_o be_v those_o heir_n many_o or_o but_o one_o person_n m._n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v also_o grant_v i_o at_o present_a what_o we_o before_o dispute_v that_o the_o power_n of_o father_n over_o their_o child_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o regal_a authority_n ibid._n by_o the_o ordination_n of_o god_n himself_o it_o follow_v that_o civil_a power_n not_o only_o in_o general_n be_v by_o divine_a institution_n but_o even_o the_o assignment_n of_o it_o specifical_o to_o the_o elder_a parent_n f._n pray_v who_o do_v you_o mean_v by_o elder_a parent_n our_o great_a grandmother_n 〈…〉_z if_o you_o mean_v by_o it_o one_o that_o have_v long_a have_v child_n she_o must_v come_v in_o as_o next_o heir_n by_o these_o word_n m._n no_o sir_n you_o altogether_o misapprehend_v i_o i_o mean_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o adam_n eve_n be_v his_o wife_n and_o can_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v to_o inherit_v in_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n as_o this_o be_v f._n 〈…〉_z your_o pardon_n sir_n if_o i_o misunderstand_v you_o but_o you_o must_v thank_v the_o looseness_n or_o impropriety_n of_o your_o expression_n for_o it_o for_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v deny_v but_o elder_a parent_n common_o signify_v either_o the_o elder_a man_n or_o woman_n that_o have_v child_n or_o those_o who_o have_v long_a have_v issue_n and_o then_o in_o either_o of_o these_o sense_n our_o great_a grandmother_n eve_n stand_v fair_a to_o be_v heir_n
the_o sole_a will_n of_o the_o first_o prince_n in_o which_o the_o people_n have_v no_o hand_n for_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a monarchy_n 71._o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o the_o people_n of_o all_o country_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o sole_a will_n of_o their_o prince_n which_o by_o degree_n come_v to_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o several_a instance_n that_o inferior_a magistrate_n need_v not_o resort_v to_o they_o in_o those_o case_n and_o the_o people_n be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n accustom_v to_o such_o usage_n they_o grow_v easy_a and_o familiar_a to_o they_o and_o so_o be_v retain_v though_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o first_o introduce_v they_o be_v lose_v and_o after_o king_n find_v it_o better_a to_o continue_v what_o be_v so_o receive_v than_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n and_o trouble_v of_o change_v they_o be_v for_o their_o own_o ease_n and_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n content_v they_o shall_v be_v still_o from_o age_n to_o age_n so_o continue_v which_o custom_n may_v hold_v as_o well_o in_o law_n about_o succession_n as_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v that_o even_o in_o those_o monarchy_n where_o the_o people_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o make_v law_n woman_n be_v exclude_v which_o can_v proceed_v at_o first_o from_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o declare_a will_n or_o law_n of_o the_o first_o monarch_n so_o likewise_o the_o original_a of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v whole_o ascribe_v to_o pharamont_n the_o first_o french_a king_n and_o mariana_n who_o you_o late_o cite_v tell_v we_o that_o alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n make_v a_o law_n that_o where_o heir_n male_a be_v want_v the_o son_n of_o a_o daughter_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o aunt_n which_o law_n be_v whole_o attribute_v to_o the_o king_n for_o he_o add_v present_o after_o sic_fw-la saepe_fw-la ad_fw-la regum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la jura_fw-la regnandi_fw-la commutantur_fw-la f._n grant_v all_o this_o true_a that_o you_o have_v say_v you_o can_v but_o confess_v that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v establish_v nothing_o in_o this_o matter_n or_o else_o it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o king_n to_o make_v or_o alter_v law_n concern_v the_o succession_n as_o your_o last_o quotation_n intimate_v they_o may_v yet_o even_o in_o the_o most_o absolute_a monarchy_n the_o law_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n must_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v to_o see_v they_o observe_v or_o else_o every_o monarch_n may_v alter_v these_o law_n of_o succession_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o the_o great_a turk_n or_o king_n of_o france_n now_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n be_v lose_v may_v leave_v the_o crown_n to_o a_o daughter_n if_o either_o of_o they_o please_v and_o disinherit_v the_o next_o heir_n male._n but_o as_o for_o the_o original_a of_o this_o â—alique_fw-mi law_n in_o france_n you_o will_v find_v yourself_o much_o mistake_v if_o you_o suppose_v that_o that_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o sole_a authority_n of_o pharamont_n 1._o for_o the_o ancient_a french_a history_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o body_n of_o salic_a law_n which_o be_v now_o extant_a be_v make_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o franc_n who_o commit_v the_o draw_v of_o they_o up_o to_o three_o judge_n or_o commissioner_n and_o which_o law_n pharamont_n do_v only_o confirm_v and_o any_o one_o that_o will_v but_o consult_v those_o history_n may_v see_v that_o king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n that_o they_o be_v frequent_o elect_v by_o the_o estate_n nor_o be_v it_o true_a that_o you_o suppose_v from_o mariana_n that_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v power_n alone_o to_o make_v law_n it_o appear_v quite_o contrary_a from_o the_o constitution_n of_o that_o kingdom_n where_o the_o king_n can_v do_v nothing_o of_o this_o kind_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o crown_n without_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o the_o chief_a justice_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n that_o he_o will_v observe_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n otherwise_o that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v he_o but_o at_o once_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o son_n or_o descendant_n by_o daughter_n the_o case_n be_v much_o more_o nice_a and_o intricate_a and_o that_o when_o such_o case_n happen_v in_o limit_a monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v a_o assembly_n of_o estate_n 55._o they_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n of_o such_o difference_n may_v appear_v by_o two_o famous_a example_n in_o modern_a history_n the_o first_o be_v in_o scotland_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o l._n when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n alexander_n iii_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n when_o two_o or_o three_o several_a competitor_n claim_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o descend_v from_o several_a daughter_n of_o david_n earl_n of_o huntingdon_n great_a uncle_n to_o the_o last_o king_n the_o chief_z of_o which_o be_v john_n bayliol_n and_o robert_n bâ—uâ—â—_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o be_v able_a to_o decide_v it_o they_o agree_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n who_o adjudge_v the_o crown_n to_o bayliol_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o great_a controversy_n for_o not_o long_o after_o bayliol_n be_v depose_v bruce_n revive_v his_o title_n and_o the_o state_n of_o scotland_n declare_v he_o king_n who_o posterity_n enjoy_v it_o at_o this_o day_n a_o like_a case_n happen_v in_o the_o last_o age_n in_o portugal_n after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n surname_v the_o cardinal_n without_o issue_n when_o no_o less_o than_o four_o eminent_a competitor_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n some_o claim_n from_o the_o daughter_n of_o don_n durate_n young_a brother_n to_o the_o last_o king_n henry_n but_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o other_o prince_n as_o son_n to_o the_o sister_n of_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n die_v without_o issue_n hisp._n leave_v ten_o governor_n over_o the_o kingdom_n to_o decide_v together_o with_o the_o estate_n the_o difference_n about_o the_o succession_n who_o quarrel_v among_o themselves_o as_o also_o with_o the_o estate_n before_o it_o be_v decide_v philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n raise_v a_o army_n and_o soon_o conquer_v portugal_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v see_v in_o his_o grand_a son_n time_n that_o the_o estate_n of_o portugal_n declare_v this_o title_n void_a and_o the_o crown_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o braganza_n who_o still_o enjoy_v it_o and_o how_o much_o even_a king_n themselves_o have_v attribute_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o this_o matter_n 59_o appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o philip_n the_o long_a king_n of_o france_n and_o david_n king_n of_o scot_n long._n wherein_o this_o condition_n be_v express_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v happen_v any_o difference_n about_o the_o succession_n in_o either_o of_o these_o realm_n he_o of_o the_o two_o king_n which_o remain_v alive_a shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o to_o place_n himself_o on_o the_o throne_n but_o he_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n on_o his_o side_n and_o then_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o his_o power_n oppose_v he_o who_o will_v after_o this_o contest_v the_o crown_n to_o conclude_v i_o can_v see_v any_o mean_n how_o if_o such_o difference_n as_o these_o have_v arisen_a in_o the_o first_o generation_n after_o adam_n i_o say_v how_o they_o can_v ever_o have_v be_v decide_v without_o a_o civil_a war_n or_o else_o leave_v the_o judgement_n thereof_o to_o the_o head_n or_o father_n of_o family_n that_o be_v then_o in_o be_v which_o how_o much_o it_o will_v have_v differ_v from_o the_o judgement_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o state_n of_o a_o kingdom_n at_o this_o day_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o determine_v how_o far_o prince_n may_v tie_v up_o their_o own_o hand_n in_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o limit_v or_o determine_v of_o it_o but_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o and_o therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o trace_v this_o paternal_a government_n a_o little_a far_o 7._o for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o when_o jacob_n and_o his_o twelve_o son_n go_v into_o egypt_n together_o with_o their_o family_n they_o exercise_v a_o supreme_a patriarchal_a jurisdiction_n which_o be_v intermit_v because_o they_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o a_o strong_a prince_n yet_o after_o the_o return_n of_o these_o israelite_n out_o of_o bondage_n god_n from_o a_o special_a
care_n of_o they_o choose_v moses_n and_o joshuah_n successive_o to_o govern_v as_o prince_n in_o the_o place_n and_o â—â—ead_n of_o the_o supreme_a father_n and_o after_o they_o likewise_o for_o a_o time_n he_o raise_v up_o judge_n to_o defend_v his_o people_n in_o time_n of_o peril_n yet_o that_o all_o these_o be_v endue_v with_o regal_a authority_n may_v appear_v in_o that_o moses_n be_v call_v in_o deuteronomy_n a_o king_n in_o jeshurun_n that_o be_v 17._o over_o israel_n and_o when_o moses_n see_v that_o he_o be_v to_o die_v he_o beseech_v god_n to_o set_v a_o man_n over_o the_o congregation_n that_o the_o congregation_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o as_o sheep_n which_o have_v no_o shepherd_n and_o as_o for_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v apparent_a from_o the_o book_n that_o bear_v their_o name_n that_o they_o have_v power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n and_o of_o judge_v in_o all_o case_n of_o appeal_n insomuch_o that_o whosoever_o will_v not_o hearken_v to_o the_o priest_n 12._o or_o to_o the_o judge_n even_o that_o man_n shall_v die_v but_o when_o god_n give_v the_o israelite_n king_n f._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a for_o i_o have_v a_o great_a â—eal_n to_o say_v against_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o israelite_n before_o they_o have_v king_n actual_o nominate_v by_o god_n for_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v say_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o either_o moses_n joshuah_n or_o the_o judge_n be_v any_o more_o than_o figurative_o or_o in_o a_o large_a sense_n to_o be_v style_v king_n for_o as_o for_o moses_n his_o be_v call_v king_n in_o jeshurun_n he_o only_o call_v himself_o so_o poetical_o in_o that_o excellent_a hymn_n of_o blessing_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o the_o twelve_o tribe_n for_o certain_o god_n do_v not_o suppose_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o king_n when_o in_o deut._n 17.14_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n set_v a_o king_n over_o they_o as_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o happen_v many_o year_n after_o and_o there_o lay_v down_o rule_n how_o he_o shall_v govern_v himself_o which_o have_v be_v needless_a if_o they_o have_v have_v a_o king_n already_o and_o that_o moses_n be_v not_o a_o king_n josephus_n himself_o show_v we_o in_o his_o antiquity_n lib._n 4._o where_o he_o make_v moses_n to_o have_v instruct_v the_o child_n of_o israel_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n to_o this_o purpose_n aristocracy_n be_v the_o best_a form_n of_o government_n and_o the_o life_n that_o be_v lead_v under_o it_o the_o most_o happy_a and_o therefore_o let_v not_o the_o desire_n of_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o government_n take_v possession_n of_o you_o own_v no_o other_o master_n than_o the_o law_n and_o do_v every_o thing_n according_a to_o it_o for_o god_n be_v your_o king_n and_o that_o be_v sufficient_a for_o you_o and_o if_o moses_n be_v no_o king_n then_o certain_o joshua_n be_v none_o neither_o m._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v against_o the_o kingly_a power_n of_o moses_n and_o joshua_n for_o if_o you_o will_v please_v to_o remember_v 36._o that_o though_o the_o sanhedrim_n have_v be_v constitute_v before_o this_o time_n yet_o moses_n esteem_v they_o as_o sheep_n without_o a_o shepherd_n if_o a_o man_n be_v not_o set_v over_o they_o which_o may_v go_v out_o before_o they_o and_o which_o may_v lead_v they_o out_o and_o bring_v they_o in_o and_o god_n approve_v his_o desire_n and_o appoint_v joshua_n to_o succeed_v he_o and_o the_o people_n receive_v he_o according_o and_o tell_v he_o all_o that_o thou_o command_v we_o we_o will_v do_v and_o whithersoever_o thou_o send_v we_o we_o will_v go_v 17._o according_a as_o we_o hearken_v unto_o moses_n in_o all_o thing_n so_o will_v we_o hearken_v unto_o thou_o if_o this_o be_v not_o kingly_a power_n then_o be_v there_o no_o such_o thing_n so_o that_o this_o discourse_n which_o josephus_n put_v into_o moses_n his_o mouth_n seem_v direct_o contrary_a to_o moses_n his_o thought_n and_o practice_n and_o whereas_o he_o make_v moses_n to_o have_v oppose_v obedience_n to_o the_o law_n to_o kingly_a government_n it_o be_v a_o pure_a greek_a notion_n for_o whilst_o the_o grecian_n live_v under_o king_n they_o have_v â—ew_a or_o no_o law_n but_o when_o they_o set_v up_o commonwealth_n they_o then_o find_v the_o necessity_n of_o have_v law_n and_o then_o the_o dominion_n of_o law_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o government_n of_o prince_n but_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o israel_n for_o they_o be_v to_o live_v according_a to_o their_o law_n as_o well_o under_o king_n as_o without_o they_o in_o all_o estate_n and_o condition_n and_o their_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o govern_v they_o by_o the_o law_n and_o not_o by_o their_o will_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n so_o that_o in_o this_o josephus_n clear_o make_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o his_o country_n to_o comply_v with_o a_o greek_a notion_n that_o have_v no_o be_v for_o some_o hundred_o of_o year_n after_o moses_n be_v dead_a and_o as_o for_o the_o time_n of_o the_o judge_n even_o in_o the_o interval_n between_o they_o when_o every_o one_o do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a in_o his_o own_o eye_n even_o than_o the_o israelite_n be_v under_o the_o kingly_a government_n of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o particular_a family_n over_o who_o the_o prince_n or_o head_n of_o it_o have_v likewise_o a_o supreme_a power_n f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o speak_v a_o little_a far_o let_v i_o ask_v you_o what_o be_v a_o aristocracy_n if_o this_o be_v not_o viz._n a_o assembly_n of_o the_o elder_n or_o chief_a father_n of_o family_n of_o each_o tribe_n meeting_n consult_v and_o resolve_v of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n under_o their_o head_n or_o precedent_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o tribe_n and_o this_o be_v the_o government_n for_o which_o josephus_n make_v samuel_n so_o much_o afflict_v when_o the_o people_n will_v quit_v it_o for_o a_o monarchy_n m._n i_o think_v you_o be_v much_o mistake_v in_o this_o point_n for_o it_o be_v no_o where_o declare_v that_o these_o father_n of_o family_n govern_v their_o own_o family_n independent_o for_o then_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o public_a government_n at_o all_o nor_o yet_o be_v it_o say_v that_o these_o father_n govern_v by_o majority_n of_o voice_n choose_v out_o of_o themselves_o 31._o for_o than_o i_o grant_v it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o democracy_n nor_o yet_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o few_o of_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o father_n of_o every_o tribe_n govern_v it_o by_o a_o counsel_n and_o magistrate_n or_o that_o there_o be_v such_o counsel_n of_o the_o several_a tribe_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a every_o tribe_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o head_n of_o it_o and_o these_o prince_n moses_n call_v the_o head_n of_o the_o house_n of_o their_o father_n in_o numb_a 7.2_o and_o who_o be_v over_o those_o that_o be_v number_v and_o make_v their_o offering_n and_o moses_n tell_v we_o particular_o what_o every_o man_n name_n be_v 12.18_o as_o nashon_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o aminadab_n of_o the_o tribe_n of_o judah_n and_o nathaniel_n the_o son_n of_o zuar_n prince_n of_o issachar_n etc._n etc._n now_o if_o there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n any_o government_n at_o all_o in_o israel_n then_o be_v these_o prince_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o several_a tribe_n and_o so_o every_o tribe_n be_v under_o a_o monarch_n though_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o israel_n be_v not_o under_o any_o one_o person_n or_o constant_a stand_a council_n and_o consequent_o be_v a_o system_n of_o little_a monarchy_n f._n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o better_a satisfy_v with_o your_o last_o reply_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o have_v josephus_n on_o my_o side_n who_o must_v needs_o know_v what_o the_o government_n of_o his_o country_n have_v be_v better_a than_o you_o or_o i_o and_o he_o express_o call_v it_o a_o aristocracy_n in_o which_o the_o judge_n when_o there_o be_v one_o be_v only_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o general_n or_o statholder_n to_o who_o the_o last_o appeal_n be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o all_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v also_o as_o plain_a that_o neither_o moses_n joshua_n nor_o the_o judge_n have_v monarchical_a authority_n fâ—r_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o two_o first_o can_v make_v war_n and_o peace_n yet_o this_o be_v also_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o congregation_n as_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n of_o the_o peace_n make_v with_o the_o gibeonite_n which_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o congregation_n confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n 9_o neither_o can_v they_o raise_v tax_n upon_o the_o people_n or_o take_v any_o thing_n from_o they_o
his_o people_n 201._o will_v no_o more_o prove_v that_o government_n belong_v to_o adam_n heir_n as_o to_o his_o fatherhood_n than_o god_n choose_v aaron_n of_o the_o tribe_n of_o levi_n to_o be_v priest_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o priesthood_n belong_v to_o adam_n heir_n or_o the_o prime_a father_n since_o god_n can_v choose_v aaron_n to_o be_v priest_n and_o moses_n ruler_n over_o israel_n though_o neither_o of_o those_o office_n be_v settle_v on_o adam_n heir_n or_o the_o first_o patriarch_n so_o likewise_o for_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v god_n raise_v up_o the_o judge_n to_o defend_v his_o people_n prove_v fatherly_a authority_n to_o be_v the_o original_a of_o government_n just_a after_o the_o same_o rate_n and_o can_v god_n raise_v up_o such_o man_n unless_o paternal_a power_n give_v a_o title_n to_o the_o government_n but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o darling_n instance_n the_o give_v of_o the_o israelite_n king_n whereby_o you_o suppose_v god_n re_fw-mi establish_v the_o ancient_a prime_n right_o of_o lineal_a succession_n 〈◊〉_d paternal_a government_n this_o i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n understand_v for_o if_o by_o liâ—â—â—l_a succession_n you_o mean_v to_o adam_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o you_o will_v make_v it_o out_o that_o either_o saul_n or_o david_n can_v be_v heir_n of_o adam_n power_n or_o how_o the_o power_n that_o those_o king_n be_v endue_v with_o by_o god_n be_v the_o same_o power_n which_o abraham_n isaac_n and_o jacob_n enjoy_v before_o for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v it_o your_o hypothesis_n consist_v of_o two_o proposition_n the_o first_o be_v that_o all_o paternal_a power_n be_v the_o same_o with_o regal_a power_n which_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v not_o to_o be_v true_a the_o other_o convertible_a proposition_n which_o be_v but_o the_o conversion_n of_o this_o will_v likewise_o be_v as_o false_a viz._n that_o all_o regal_a power_n be_v paternal_a nor_o be_v what_o you_o say_v last_o of_o all_o any_o true_a than_o the_o 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desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o what_o relation_n or_o title_n all_o king_n or_o prince_n nowadays_o have_v or_o can_v claim_v as_o heir_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n or_o how_o that_o power_n with_o which_o god_n endue_v those_o father_n of_o mankind_n be_v the_o same_o which_o you_o say_v all_o prince_n or_o monarch_n may_v now_o claim_v to_o be_v give_v they_o by_o god_n for_o i_o confess_v i_o can_v see_v no_o likeness_n or_o relation_n at_o all_o between_o they_o m._n it_o may_v indeed_o seem_v absurd_a to_o maintain_v that_o king_n now_o be_v the_o father_n of_o their_o people_n since_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a it_o be_v true_a 8._o all_o king_n be_v not_o the_o natural_a parent_n of_o their_o subject_n yet_o they_o all_o either_o be_v or_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v the_o next_o heir_n to_o those_o first_o progenitor_n who_o be_v at_o first_o the_o natural_a parent_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n and_o in_o their_o right_n succeed_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n and_o such_o heir_n be_v not_o only_a lord_n of_o their_o own_o child_n but_o also_o of_o their_o brethren_n and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o father_n and_o though_o i_o have_v all_o along_o suppose_v that_o paternal_a government_n be_v at_o first_o monarchical_a yet_o i_o must_v likewise_o grant_v that_o when_o the_o world_n be_v replenish_v with_o people_n that_o this_o paternal_a government_n by_o succession_n cease_v 67._o and_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o it_o start_v up_o either_o by_o election_n conquest_n or_o usurpation_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o paternal_a power_n which_o can_v never_o be_v lose_v or_o cease_v though_o it_o may_v be_v transfer_v or_o usurp_v or_o it_o may_v be_v ordain_v a_o new_a in_o a_o person_n who_o otherwise_o have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o before_o thus_o god_n who_o be_v the_o giver_n of_o all_o power_n may_v transfer_v it_o from_o the_o father_n to_o the_o son_n as_o he_o give_v saul_n a_o fatherly_a power_n over_o 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and_o subjection_n to_o prince_n but_o by_o a_o humane_a ordinance_n what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o those_o of_o man_n i_o can_v easy_o reply_v that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o father_n over_o his_o child_n give_v place_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o supreme_a power_n because_o they_o be_v both_o ordain_v so_o by_o god_n in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v high_o reasonable_a that_o the_o good_a of_o a_o private_a family_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n and_o extend_v to_o all_o nation_n which_o never_o so_o much_o as_o hear_v of_o the_o ten_o commandment_n but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o seneca_n i_o think_v this_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n less_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o five_o commandment_n for_o though_o this_o philosopher_n write_v to_o the_o emperor_n to_o persuade_v he_o to_o 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government_n but_o of_o the_o evil_a principle_n bâ—d_v education_n or_o temper_v of_o those_o monarch_n as_o also_o often_o time_n from_o the_o unquiet_a and_o rebellious_a disposition_n of_o their_o subject_n from_o the_o distrust_v of_o which_o 3._o they_o place_v all_o their_o security_n in_o stand_a army_n and_o guard_n so_o that_o i_o must_v grant_v that_o all_o those_o government_n that_o be_v maintain_v by_o army_n too_o strong_a for_o the_o subject_n in_o general_a be_v 〈◊〉_d and_o degenerate_a into_o despotic_a monarchy_n and_o be_v unsafe_a both_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o my_o intention_n 〈◊〉_d maintain_v 6._o or_o defend_v oppression_n or_o tyranny_n i_o must_v free_o assert_v with_o sir_n r._n f._n who_o principle_n i_o here_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o maintain_v that_o all_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o treat_v their_o subject_n as_o their_o child_n and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n 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as_o much_o tyranny_n exercise_v in_o these_o three_o kingdom_n during_o our_o late_a civil_a war_n and_o afterward_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o rump_n and_o cromwell_n till_o the_o return_n of_o the_o late_a king_n charles_n as_o in_o all_o the_o absolute_a monarchy_n between_o france_n and_o china_n or_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n pole_n and_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o when_o oliver_n cromwell_n set_v up_o the_o most_o absolute_a and_o tyrannical_a government_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o this_o island_n there_o be_v yet_o no_o noise_n of_o any_o fear_n or_o jealousy_n of_o it_o in_o all_o his_o time_n f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o please_v to_o find_v you_o so_o hearty_o agree_v with_o i_o in_o condemn_v of_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o government_n whatever_o and_o i_o do_v assure_v you_o i_o do_v as_o little_o approve_v of_o it_o if_o
the_o father_n please_v to_o sell_v one_o or_o two_o of_o his_o child_n who_o he_o least_o love_v to_o provide_v portion_n for_o the_o rest_n he_o may_v lawful_o do_v it_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o see_v to_o the_o contrary_n so_o likewise_o immediate_o after_o he_o assert_v the_o superiority_n of_o all_o prince_n above_o law_n because_o there_o be_v king_n long_o before_o there_o be_v any_o law_n and_o all_o the_o next_o paragraph_n be_v whole_o spend_v in_o prove_v the_o unlimited_a jurisdiction_n of_o king_n above_o law_n as_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o samuel_n when_o the_o israelite_n desire_v a_o king_n so_o that_o it_o signify_v little_a what_o law_n prince_n make_v or_o what_o privilege_n they_o grant_v their_o subject_n since_o they_o may_v alter_v they_o or_o abrogate_v they_o when_o ever_o they_o please_v m._n but_o pray_v take_v along_o with_o you_o what_o he_o say_v in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n you_o quote_v where_o you_o may_v see_v these_o word_n it_o be_v â—here_o evident_o show_v that_o the_o scope_n of_o samuel_n be_v to_o teach_v the_o people_n a_o dutiful_a obedience_n to_o their_o king_n even_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o themselves_o do_v esteem_v mischievous_a and_o inconvenient_a for_o by_o tell_v they_o what_o a_o king_n will_v do_v he_o indeed_o instruct_v they_o what_o a_o subject_a must_v suffer_v yet_o not_o so_o as_o that_o it_o be_v right_o for_o king_n to_o do_v injury_n but_o it_o be_v right_o for_o they_o to_o go_v unpunished_a by_o the_o people_n if_o they_o do_v it_o so_o that_o in_o this_o point_n it_o be_v all_o one_o whether_o samuel_n describe_v a_o king_n or_o a_o tyrant_n for_o patient_a obedience_n be_v due_a to_o both_o no_o remedy_n in_o the_o text_n against_o tyrant_n but_o in_o cry_v and_o pray_v unto_o god_n in_o that_o day_n and_o that_o sir_n r._n f._n be_v very_o far_o from_o justify_v king_n in_o the_o unnecessary_a breach_n of_o their_o law_n may_v far_o appear_v by_o what_o he_o say_v chap._n 3._o par._n 6._o of_o this_o treatise_n where_o pray_v see_v this_o passage_n now_o albeit_o king_n who_o make_v the_o law_n be_v as_o king_n james_n teach_v we_o above_o the_o law_n yet_o will_v they_o rule_v their_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n and_o a_o king_n govern_v in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n leave_v to_o be_v a_o king_n and_o degenerate_v into_o a_o tyrant_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o leave_v to_o rule_v according_a to_o his_o law_n yet_o where_o he_o see_v the_o law_n rigorous_a or_o doubtful_a be_v may_v mitigate_v and_o interpret_v they_o so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o he_o leave_v the_o king_n no_o power_n or_o prerogative_n above_o the_o law_n but_o what_o shall_v be_v direct_v and_o employ_v for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n f._n but_o pray_v sir_n read_v on_o a_o little_a far_o and_o see_v if_o he_o do_v not_o again_o undo_v all_o that_o he_o have_v before_o so_o specious_o lay_v down_o and_o if_o you_o will_v not_o read_v it_o i_o will_v general_n law_n make_v in_o parliament_n may_v upon_o know_a respect_n to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o authority_n be_v mitigate_v or_o suspend_v upon_o cause_n only_o know_v to_o he_o and_o although_o a_o king_n do_v frame_v all_o his_o action_n to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v thereto_o but_o at_o his_o good_a will_n and_o for_o good_a example_n or_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o general_n law_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o common-weal_n do_v natural_o bind_v he_o for_o in_o such_o sort_n only_o positive_o law_n may_v be_v say_v to_o bind_v the_o king_n not_o by_o be_v positive_a but_o as_o they_o be_v natural_o the_o best_a or_o only_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n have_v this_o prerogative_n of_o mitigate_a interpret_n and_o suspend_v all_o law_n in_o case_n only_o know_v to_o himself_o and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o law_n but_o at_o his_o own_o good_a will_n and_o for_o good_a example_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o great_a prerogative_n a_o king_n can_v desire_v than_o to_o suspend_v the_o execution_n of_o any_o law_n as_o often_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o suspension_n of_o a_o law_n differ_v from_o the_o abrogation_n of_o it_o because_o the_o former_a only_o take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o it_o in_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a case_n whereas_o the_o latter_a whole_o annul_v the_o law_n yet_o if_o this_o suspension_n be_v general_a and_o in_o every_o case_n where_o the_o law_n be_v to_o take_v effect_n it_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o a_o abrogation_n of_o it_o as_o may_v be_v plain_o see_v in_o the_o late_a king_n be_v disperse_v power_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o pretend_v to_o no_o more_o than_o to_o dispense_v with_o this_o or_o that_o person_n who_o shall_v undertake_v a_o public_a employment_n either_o military_a or_o civil_a without_o take_v the_o oath_n and_o tâ—st_n yet_o since_o he_o grant_v this_o dispensation_n general_o to_o all_o papist_n and_o other_o that_o will_v transgress_v this_o law_n it_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n during_o his_o pleasure_n as_o a_o absolute_a abrogation_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o do_v very_o much_o wonder_v why_o divers_a who_o be_v very_o zealous_a for_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o the_o king_n prerogative_n shall_v be_v so_o angry_a with_o he_o for_o erect_v that_o power_n which_o not_o only_o this_o author_n but_o all_o other_o of_o his_o principle_n have_v place_v in_o he_o and_o if_o the_o king_n may_v suspend_v this_o and_o all_o other_o law_n upon_o cause_n only_o know_v to_o he_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o he_o differ_v from_o be_v as_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a a_o monarch_n as_o the_o great_a turk_n himself_o and_o may_v when_o he_o please_v notwithstanding_o all_o law_n to_o the_o contrary_a take_v away_o man_n life_n without_o any_o due_a form_n of_o law_n and_o raise_v tax_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n m._n but_o pray_v read_v on_o a_o little_a far_o and_o you_o will_v find_v that_o he_o very_o much_o restrain_v this_o absolute_a power_n in_o these_o word_n by_o this_o mean_a be_v all_o king_n even_o tyrant_n and_o conqueror_n bind_v to_o preserve_v the_o law_n good_n liberty_n and_o life_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n not_o by_o any_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o by_o the_o natural_a law_n of_o a_o father_n which_o bind_v they_o to_o ratify_v the_o act_n of_o their_o forefather_n and_o predecessor_n in_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o subject_n f._n be_v i_o a_o monarch_n limit_v by_o law_n i_o will_v desire_v no_o great_a a_o power_n over_o they_o than_o this_o you_o have_v here_o bring_v out_o of_o this_o author_n for_o he_o say_v positive_a law_n do_v not_o bind_v the_o king_n but_o as_o they_o be_v the_o bâ—st_n or_o only_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n in_o the_o next_o place_n you_o see_v that_o all_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o preserve_v the_o life_n and_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n not_o by_o any_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o by_o the_o natural_a law_n of_o a_o father_n which_o bind_v they_o to_o ratify_v the_o act_n of_o their_o predecessor_n in_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o subject_n now_o this_o paternal_a power_n be_v large_a enough_o of_o all_o conscience_n to_o discharge_v prince_n from_o any_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n far_o than_o they_o please_v for_o it_o before_o appear_v that_o the_o father_n of_o a_o family_n govern_v by_o no_o other_o law_n than_o by_o his_o own_o will_n and_o not_o by_o the_o law_n and_o will_n of_o his_o son_n or_o servant_n therefore_o if_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n be_v whole_o paternal_a he_o may_v alter_v this_o will_n of_o he_o as_o often_o as_o he_o please_v nor_o can_v his_o subject_n who_o be_v all_o one_o with_o son_n and_o servant_n have_v any_o reason_n to_o find_v fault_n with_o it_o for_o he_o say_v there_o be_v no_o nation_n that_o allow_v child_n any_o remedy_n for_o be_v unjust_o govern_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o restrain_v this_o prerogative_n both_o in_o father_n and_o king_n to_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o child_n and_o subject_n yet_o as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v leave_v the_o sole_a and_o uncontrollable_a judge_n of_o what_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a all_o these_o fine_a pretence_n will_v signify_v nothing_o for_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v or_o ratify_v no_o law_n or_o act_n of_o his_o predecessor_n but_o what_o he_o be_v satisfy_v tend_v to_o this_o end_n so_o that_o if_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o judge_n that_o magna_fw
charta_fw-la for_o example_n for_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la or_o any_o liberty_n we_o enjoy_v be_v not_o necessary_a or_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a good_a he_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o observe_v they_o and_o upon_o this_o principle_n it_o be_v that_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o found_v the_o king_n prerogative_n for_o ship_n money_n for_o they_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n that_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o subject_n may_v lay_v a_o tax_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n though_o without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o upon_o this_o pretence_n the_o king_n be_v the_o sole_a judge_n of_o the_o necessity_n he_o may_v quick_o have_v raise_v what_o tax_n and_o as_o often_o as_o he_o have_v please_v but_o lest_o our_o king_n shall_v think_v themselves_o too_o strict_o bind_v by_o their_o coronation_n oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n pray_v see_v in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n how_o this_o author_n endeavour_v to_o help_v the_o king_n to_o creep_v out_o of_o that_o obligation_n too_o therefore_o pray_v read_v on_o other_o there_o be_v that_o affirm_v that_o although_o law_n of_o themselves_o do_v not_o bind_v king_n yet_o the_o oath_n of_o king_n at_o their_o coronation_n tie_v they_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n how_o far_o this_o be_v true_a let_v we_o but_o examine_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v these_o be_v thou_o please_v to_o cause_n to_o be_v administer_v in_o all_o thy_o judgement_n indifferent_a and_o upright_a justice_n and_o to_o use_v discretion_n with_o mercy_n and_o verity_n be_v thou_o please_v that_o our_o upright_a law_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v and_o do_v thou_o promise_v that_o those_o shall_v be_v protect_v and_o maintain_v by_o thou_o these_o two_o be_v the_o article_n of_o the_o king_n oath_n which_o concern_v the_o laity_n 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the_o people_n liberty_n as_o his_o majesty_n gracious_o affirm_v in_o his_o speech_n after_o his_o last_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n howsoever_o some_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o name_n of_o prerogative_n yet_o they_o may_v assure_v themselves_o the_o case_n of_o subject_n will_v be_v desperate_o miserable_a without_o it_o so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o he_o assert_v no_o prerogative_n in_o the_o king_n to_o be_v above_o all_o law_n but_o only_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n which_o i_o think_v be_v a_o sufficient_a restraint_n of_o prerogative_n f._n but_o read_v a_o little_a low_o and_o the_o people_n will_v have_v no_o such_o great_a cause_n to_o thank_v he_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o these_o word_n in_o all_o aristocracy_n the_o noble_n be_v above_o the_o law_n and_o
establish_a religion_n of_o his_o country_n and_o to_o introduce_v a_o different_a one_o by_o his_o own_o sole_a authority_n whilst_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o people_n continue_v of_o another_o opinion_n in_o this_o case_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o subject_n have_v a_o right_a to_o resist_v their_o prince_n for_o so_o do_v for_o then_o the_o roman_n may_v just_o have_v rebel_v against_o constantine_n when_o he_o shut_v up_o the_o heathen_a temple_n and_o forbid_v all_o public_a sacrifice_n to_o their_o god_n and_o thereby_o make_v the_o christian_a religion_n the_o establish_a profession_n of_o the_o empire_n f._n but_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a may_v not_o constantine_n have_v a_o right_a to_o do_v this_o because_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v the_o only_a true_a one_o and_o that_o the_o idolatry_n the_o roman_n then_o practise_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n m._n whatever_o weight_n there_o 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and_o honour_n of_o god_n f._n i_o do_v not_o desire_v at_o present_a to_o embark_v myself_o in_o this_o tedious_a and_o troublesome_a dispute_n about_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o to_o it_o at_o present_a but_o if_o your_o assertion_n be_v true_a that_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n may_v set_v up_o what_o religion_n he_o please_v without_o be_v resist_v by_o the_o subject_n who_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v of_o another_o persuasion_n it_o will_v then_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o french_a king_n or_o emperor_n of_o muscâ—vy_n shall_v turn_v mahometan_a and_o shall_v set_v up_o that_o superstition_n by_o force_n for_o the_o public_a and_o national_a religion_n of_o the_o country_n though_o with_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o that_o shall_v oppose_v it_o none_o of_o their_o subject_n may_v resist_v they_o in_o so_o do_v and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v what_o you_o have_v gain_v 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it_o f._n to_o answer_v this_o objection_n before_o you_o proceed_v far_o my_o opinion_n in_o short_a be_v that_o though_o such_o tax_n may_v often_o prove_v a_o universal_a damage_n and_o a_o great_a impoverishment_n to_o the_o subject_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v bear_v with_o less_o trouble_n than_o can_v follow_v from_o a_o civil_a war_n or_o the_o change_n of_o the_o government_n there_o be_v no_o just_a or_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o resistance_n of_o the_o sovereign_a magistrate_n command_n or_o edict_n concern_v they_o as_o for_o example_n such_o great_a tax_n as_o the_o subject_n pay_v and_o perhaps_o may_v bear_v it_o well_o enough_o in_o holland_n and_o other_o country_n since_o there_o may_v be_v a_o necessity_n for_o such_o tax_n and_o of_o this_o i_o grant_v the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n can_v be_v the_o only_a judge_n and_o how_o far_o this_o may_v extend_v i_o can_v positive_o determine_v for_o suppose_v you_o shall_v ask_v i_o if_o the_o supreme_a power_n shall_v borrow_v all_o the_o ready_a money_n the_o subject_n have_v for_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o state_n so_o that_o they_o will_v give_v they_o leather_n or_o brass_n money_n instead_o of_o it_o to_o go_v at_o the_o same_o value_n for_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o commerce_n yet_o if_o they_o do_v not_o take_v away_o their_o property_n in_o their_o land_n corn_n or_o live_v stock_n which_o be_v the_o necessary_a mean_n of_o their_o subsistance_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o governor_n for_o so_o do_v because_o the_o subject_n can_v tell_v but_o that_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n for_o their_o necessary_a defence_n against_o a_o potent_a foreign_a enemy_n may_v require_v it_o and_o sure_a it_o be_v a_o much_o great_a evil_a to_o fall_v into_o a_o civil_a war_n or_o to_o be_v subdue_v by_o stranger_n than_o to_o
they_o have_v bring_v with_o they_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n and_o have_v sell_v the_o people_n or_o their_o child_n for_o slave_n to_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n to_o enrich_v himself_o and_o his_o family_n do_v you_o believe_v that_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n have_v be_v oblige_v to_o have_v obey_v such_o a_o leader_n and_o not_o have_v resist_v he_o and_o his_o party_n if_o there_o have_v be_v occasion_n so_o likewise_o if_o joshua_n instead_o of_o lead_v god_n people_n into_o the_o holy_a land_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o notwithstanding_o god_n command_n to_o have_v carry_v they_o again_o into_o egypt_n can_v you_o think_v they_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o obey_v he_o and_o may_v not_o lawful_o have_v resist_v he_o if_o he_o have_v go_v about_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o accomplice_n to_o force_v they_o to_o it_o for_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o these_o substitute_n have_v act_v contrary_a to_o that_o commission_n god_n have_v give_v they_o they_o be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o god_n vicegerent_n no_o more_o than_o the_o now_o lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n the_o lord_n tyrconnel_n ought_v to_o be_v obey_v and_o not_o resist_v if_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o commission_n which_o the_o king_n have_v confer_v upon_o he_o and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o rebellious_a irish_a in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o murder_v all_o the_o protestant_n and_o set_v up_o for_o himself_o so_o likewise_o all_o this_o strict_a obedience_n and_o submission_n that_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o highpriest_n or_o judge_n be_v only_o in_o relation_n to_o god_n himself_o who_o sentence_n it_o be_v and_o who_o always_o reveal_v his_o will_n either_o to_o the_o judge_n by_o particular_a inspiration_n or_o to_o the_o highpriest_n by_o the_o ephod_n or_o urim_n and_o thummim_n and_o therefore_o we_o read_v in_o judge_n that_o deborah_n though_o a_o woman_n yet_o be_v a_o prophetess_n inspire_v by_o god_n judge_v israel_n now_o suppose_v that_o this_o judge_n or_o highpriest_n neglect_v like_o balaam_n the_o divine_a inspiration_n and_o the_o dictate_v of_o that_o sacred_a oracle_n have_v instead_o of_o a_o righteous_a judgement_n give_v a_o sentence_n in_o a_o cause_n that_o have_v come_v before_o they_o whereby_o idolatry_n or_o breach_n of_o some_o great_a point_n of_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n have_v be_v establish_v do_v you_o think_v that_o god_n ever_o intend_v that_o this_o sentence_n shall_v have_v be_v obey_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o therefore_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o 2d_o book_n of_o maccabee_n that_o when_o jason_n and_o menelaus_n have_v by_o bribery_n obtain_v the_o high-priesthood_n though_o it_o be_v then_o the_o chief_a authority_n under_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n both_o in_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a matter_n yet_o when_o they_o go_v about_o to_o undermine_v the_o jewish_a religion_n and_o seduce_v the_o people_n to_o idolatry_n they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o look_v upon_o as_o high-priest_n 25._o but_o be_v there_o call_v ungodly_a wretch_n do_v nothing_o worthy_a of_o the_o high-priesthood_n but_o have_v the_o fury_n of_o a_o cruel_a tyrant_n and_o of_o a_o savage_a beast_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v at_o all_o obey_v by_o the_o jew_n that_o jason_n menelaus_n and_o alcimus_n who_o be_v successive_o high-priest_n in_o the_o room_n of_o onias_n be_v as_o far_o as_o the_o people_n be_v able_a oppose_v by_o they_o till_o at_o last_o judas_n maccabeus_n 25._o take_v arm_n against_o alcimus_n the_o highpriest_n restore_v by_o force_n the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n so_o that_o you_o see_v that_o the_o obedience_n be_v not_o pay_v to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o high-priest_n only_o as_o such_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o precept_n in_o deuteronomy_n but_o only_o as_o far_o as_o they_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n and_o give_v sentence_n or_o judgement_n in_o all_o matter_n according_a to_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n of_o you_o because_o the_o people_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v their_o sentence_n in_o doubtful_a case_n therefore_o they_o have_v a_o absolute_a irresistible_a power_n to_o give_v what_o judgement_n they_o please_v and_o that_o the_o people_n be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v they_o under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o rebellion_n for_o that_o have_v be_v to_o have_v give_v the_o high-priest_n and_o judge_n a_o power_n to_o have_v alter_v the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n when_o ever_o they_o please_v and_o to_o have_v introduce_v idolatry_n in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o so_o that_o i_o think_v none_o of_o these_o place_n will_v prove_v any_o more_o but_o that_o god_n and_o his_o lieutenant_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v and_o that_o it_o be_v rebellion_n to_o resist_v they_o under_o the_o jewish_a government_n as_o long_o as_o they_o do_v not_o force_v the_o people_n to_o idolatry_n which_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o deny_v m._n though_o you_o labour_v to_o wave_v these_o example_n and_o precept_n which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o will_v not_o take_v they_o for_o convince_a yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o your_o exception_n against_o they_o only_o tend_v to_o prove_v that_o idolatrous_a king_n may_v be_v resist_v under_o the_o jewish_a law_n which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o sacred_a history_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v very_o clear_o to_o you_o by_o these_o follow_a testimony_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v much_o more_o plain_a that_o when_o the_o jew_n will_v have_v a_o king_n 11._o their_o king_n be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o supreme_a and_o irresistible_a power_n for_o when_o they_o desire_v a_o king_n of_o samuel_n 20._o they_o do_v not_o desire_v a_o mere_a nominal_a and_o titular_a king_n but_o a_o king_n to_o judge_n they_o and_o go_v in_o and_o out_o before_o they_o and_o fight_v their_o battle_n that_o be_v a_o king_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a and_o sovereign_a authority_n a_o king_n who_o shall_v have_v all_o that_o power_n of_o government_n except_v the_o peculiar_a act_n of_o the_o priestly_a office_n which_o either_o their_o highpriest_n or_o their_o judge_n have_v before_o and_o therefore_o when_o samuel_n tell_v they_o what_o shall_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o king_n 20._o though_o what_o he_o say_v do_v necessary_o suppose_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o sovereign_n and_o irresistible_a power_n to_o the_o person_n of_o their_o king_n 11._o yet_o it_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o their_o king_n have_v any_o new_a power_n give_v he_o more_o than_o what_o be_v â—â—â—â—cised_v former_o by_o the_o priest_n and_o judge_n he_o do_v not_o deter_v they_o frâ—â—_n choose_v a_o king_n because_o a_o king_n shall_v have_v great_a power_n and_o â—e_v more_o uncontrollable_a 13._o and_o irresistible_a than_o their_o other_o ruler_n be_v for_o samuel_n himself_o have_v before_o as_o sovereign_n and_o irresistible_a a_o power_n as_o any_o king_n be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n of_o israel_n who_o sentence_n no_o man_n can_v disobey_v or_o contradict_v but_o he_o incur_v the_o penalty_n of_o death_n according_a to_o the_o mosaical_a law_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o distuade_v they_o from_o choose_v a_o king_n be_v because_o the_o external_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n of_o king_n be_v like_a to_o be_v very_o chargeable_a and_o oppressive_a to_o they_o he_o 〈◊〉_d your_o son_n and_o 〈◊〉_d they_o for_o himself_o for_o his_o chariot_n and_o to_o be_v his_o house_n man_n and_o some_o shall_v run_v before_o his_o chariot_n and_o he_o will_v appoint_v he_o captain_n over_o thousand_o and_o captain_n over_o fifty_n and_o will_v set_v they_o to_o ear_n his_o ground_n and_o to_o reap_v his_o harvest_n and_o thus_o in_o several_a particular_n he_o show_v they_o what_o burden_n and_o exaction_n they_o will_v bring_v upon_o themselves_o by_o set_v up_o a_o king_n which_o they_o be_v then_o free_a from_o and_o if_o any_o prince_n shall_v be_v excessive_a in_o such_o â—â—â—actions_n yet_o they_o have_v no_o way_n to_o help_v themselves_o they_o must_v not_o resist_v nor_o rebel_n against_o he_o nor_o expect_v that_o whatever_o inconvenience_n they_o may_v find_v in_o kingly_a government_n god_n will_v relieve_v and_o deliver_v they_o from_o it_o when_o once_o they_o have_v choose_v a_o king_n you_o shall_v cry_v out_o in_o that_o day_n because_o of_o your_o king_n that_o you_o have_v choose_v you_o 18._o and_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o hear_v you_o in_o that_o day_n that_o be_v god_n will_v not_o alter_v the_o government_n for_o you_o again_o how_o much_o soever_o you_o may_v complain_v of_o it_o this_o i_o say_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n that_o their_o king_n be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o must_v not_o be_v resist_v though_o they_o oppress_v their_o subject_n
to_o maintain_v their_o own_o state_n and_o grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n of_o their_o kingdom_n but_o i_o can_v think_v that_o these_o word_n contain_v the_o original_a grant_n and_o charter_n of_o regal_a power_n but_o only_o the_o translation_n that_o be_v former_o in_o their_o high-priest_n or_o judge_n to_o king_n king_n have_v no_o more_o power_n than_o their_o other_o governor_n have_v for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o power_n great_a than_o that_o which_o be_v irresistible_a but_o this_o power_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v more_o burdensome_a and_o oppressive_a to_o they_o than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o priest_n and_o judge_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o different_a way_n of_o live_v which_o be_v the_o only_a argument_n samuel_n make_v use_v of_o to_o dissuade_v they_o from_o transfer_v the_o supreme_a and_o sovereign_a power_n to_o a_o king_n and_o therefore_o i_o rather_o choose_v to_o translate_v mishpat_o as_o our_o translator_n do_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n than_o with_o some_o learned_a man_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o king_n thereby_o understand_v the_o original_a charter_n of_o kingly_a power_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o regal_a power_n which_o samuel_n here_o blame_v which_o be_v much_o like_o that_o which_o he_o himself_o â—ad_v exercise_v while_o he_o be_v supreme_a judge_n of_o israel_n but_o their_o pompous_a way_n of_o live_v which_o will_v prove_v very_o oppressive_a and_o burdensome_a to_o they_o and_o be_v apt_a to_o make_v they_o complain_v who_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o such_o exaction_n f._n you_o have_v i_o must_v confess_v make_v a_o much_o fair_a exposition_n of_o this_o out_o of_o samuel_n than_o divers_a of_o our_o hot_a and_o giddy_a divine_n who_o will_v render_v this_o mishpat_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hebrew_n i._n e._n the_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n by_o right_a of_o the_o king_n whereby_o they_o will_v entitle_v all_o king_n whatsoever_o to_o a_o absolute_a right_n to_o all_o their_o subject_n estate_n when_o ever_o they_o will_v take_v they_o away_o not_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o word_n mishpat_o be_v sometime_o use_v not_o only_o in_o a_o good_a but_o a_o bad_a sense_n not_o for_o right_n or_o power_n but_o for_o a_o evil_a custom_n or_o abuse_v and_o therefore_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n of_o samuel_n that_o speak_v of_o the_o son_n of_o eli_n who_o be_v son_n of_o belial_n they_o know_v not_o the_o lord_n 14._o that_o the_o priest_n viz._n their_o custom_n with_o the_o people_n be_v that_o when_o any_o man_n offer_v sacrifice_n the_o priest_n servant_n come_v whilst_o the_o flesh_n be_v in_o seethe_v with_o a_o fleshhook_n of_o three_o tooth_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o strike_v it_o into_o the_o pan_n or_o kettle_n or_o cauldron_n or_o pot_n all_o that_o the_o flâ—sh_a book_n bring_v up_o the_o priest_n take_v for_o himself_o so_o they_o do_v in_o shiloh_n unto_o all_o the_o israelite_n that_o come_v thither_o where_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v render_v in_o our_o translation_n the_o priest_n custom_n be_v in_o the_o hebrew_n mishpat_o which_o you_o render_v right_o so_o that_o if_o this_o word_n will_v do_v it_o these_o wicked_a priest_n have_v also_o a_o right_a to_o take_v away_o as_o much_o of_o every_o man_n sacrifice_n as_o they_o please_v for_o themselves_o nay_o to_o take_v it_o before_o god_n himself_o be_v serve_v and_o the_o fat_a burn_v according_a to_o the_o rite_n of_o sacrifice_a and_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n king_n also_o by_o this_o word_n mishpat_o shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o take_v what_o they_o please_v of_o the_o subject_n estate_n i_o do_v like_o wise_a also_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o samuel_n do_v not_o here_o describe_v a_o a_o tyrant_n but_o one_o of_o those_o absolute_a eastern_a prince_n who_o make_v use_v of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o subject_n estate_n as_o they_o do_v at_o this_o day_n to_o maintain_v their_o stand_a army_n and_o royal_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n so_o that_o i_o grant_v in_o short_a samuel_n mean_v no_o more_o when_o he_o thus_o speak_v to_o they_o but_o since_o you_o will_v have_v a_o king_n he_o must_v be_v maintain_v like_o a_o king_n and_o very_o great_a tax_n will_v be_v lay_v upon_o you_o for_o this_o end_n of_o which_o burden_n if_o you_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v weary_a or_o will_v cast_v it_o off_o again_o you_o shall_v by_o no_o mean_n do_v it_o for_o since_o this_o king_n shall_v obtain_v the_o crown_n not_o only_o by_o god_n appointment_n but_o by_o your_o own_o choice_n or_o election_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o your_o power_n again_o to_o depose_v he_o since_o it_o be_v your_o own_o act_n and_o therefore_o samuel_n tell_v they_o that_o when_o they_o shall_v cry_v unto_o the_o lord_n in_o that_o day_n because_o of_o the_o king_n which_o they_o have_v choose_v the_o lord_n will_v not_o hear_v they_o and_o as_o long_o as_o this_o king_n keep_v himself_o within_o these_o bound_n i_o grant_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v yet_o nevertheless_o this_o place_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v as_o it_o be_v very_o far_o from_o patronise_a tyranny_n or_o all_o the_o abuse_n of_o regal_a power_n so_o neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o be_v samuel_n meaning_n to_o make_v the_o king_n of_o israel_n so_o absolute_a or_o irresistible_a as_o that_o upon_o no_o account_n whatsoever_o the_o people_n may_v disobey_v or_o resist_v they_o let_v they_o use_v this_o power_n never_o so_o wicked_o nay_o contrary_a to_o god_n express_v command_n and_o the_o end_n of_o all_o civil_a government_n and_o therefore_o pray_v tell_v i_o suppose_v instead_o of_o these_o necessary_a burden_n which_o they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o when_o they_o have_v a_o king_n samuel_n have_v speak_v thus_o to_o they_o this_o king_n who_o you_o desire_v shall_v prove_v a_o idolater_n and_o as_o cruel_a a_o tyrant_n as_o pharaoh_n or_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o philistine_n canaanite_n or_o any_o other_o nation_n who_o so_o long_o tyrannize_v over_o you_o and_o shall_v take_v away_o all_o your_o estate_n and_o live_v too_o at_o his_o good_a pleasure_n without_o any_o crime_n or_o legal_a trial_n and_o in_o short_a will_v not_o only_a himself_o use_v you_o for_o slave_n but_o sell_v you_o and_o your_o child_n for_o bondman_n to_o the_o egyptian_n and_o other_o nation_n and_o shall_v lay_v such_o grievous_a tribute_n and_o burden_n upon_o you_o that_o you_o shall_v be_v scarce_o able_a to_o live_v under_o they_o now_o can_v any_o man_n think_v if_o the_o israelite_n have_v be_v real_o persuade_v that_o their_o king_n must_v have_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o a_o necessary_a and_o inseparable_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n they_o will_v ever_o have_v be_v so_o fond_a of_o such_o a_o government_n as_o to_o have_v cry_v out_o with_o one_o consent_n nay_o but_o we_o will_v have_v a_o king_n over_o we_o that_o we_o may_v be_v like_o other_o nation_n but_o sure_a not_o to_o tyrannize_v over_o and_o enslave_v we_o but_o that_o he_o may_v judge_v we_o 20._o and_o go_v out_o before_o we_o and_o fight_v our_o battle_n or_o do_v you_o think_v if_o they_o have_v have_v such_o a_o king_n as_o this_o they_o will_v ever_o have_v long_o endure_v he_o for_o that_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n do_v not_o conceive_v that_o their_o king_n have_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a power_n over_o they_o as_o to_o oppress_v they_o with_o tax_n and_o to_o make_v their_o yoke_n more_o grievous_a to_o they_o than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v or_o to_o tyrannize_v over_o they_o at_o his_o good_a pleasure_n appear_v plain_o by_o the_o story_n in_o the_o first_o of_o king_n concern_v the_o child_n of_o israel_n assemble_v together_o at_o sichem_n to_o make_v rehoboam_n king_n 12._o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o preliminary_a condition_n of_o his_o government_n be_v these_o 3.4_o all_o the_o congregation_n of_o israel_n come_v and_o speak_v unto_o rehoboam_n say_v thy_o father_n make_v our_o yoke_n grievous_a now_o therefore_o make_v thou_o the_o grievous_a service_n of_o thy_o father_n and_o his_o heavy_a yoke_n which_o he_o put_v upon_o we_o light_a and_o we_o will_v serve_v thou_o but_o see_v the_o answer_n that_o rehoboam_n make_v they_o according_a to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o his_o young_a counselor_n 10.11_o my_o little_a finger_n shall_v be_v thick_a than_o my_o father_n loin_n and_o whereas_o my_o father_n do_v lade_v you_o with_o a_o heavy_a yoke_n i_o will_v add_v to_o your_o yoke_n my_o father_n have_v chastise_v you_o with_o whip_n but_o i_o will_v chastise_v you_o with_o scorpion_n and_o mark_v what_o follow_v upon_o this_o answer_n 16._o so_o when_o
of_o the_o city_n whither_o i_o have_v cause_v you_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o captive_n 29.7_o and_o pray_v to_o the_o lord_n for_o it_o for_o in_o the_o peace_n thereof_o you_o shall_v have_v peace_n which_o make_v it_o a_o necessary_a duty_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o these_o power_n under_o who_o government_n they_o live_v and_o according_o we_o find_v that_o mordecai_n discover_v the_o treason_n of_o bigthana_n 6.2_o and_o teresh_a two_o of_o the_o king_n chamberlain_n the_o keeper_n of_o the_o door_n who_o seek_v to_o lay_v hand_n on_o the_o king_n ahasuerus_n 41._o and_o how_o numerous_a and_o powerful_a the_o jew_n be_v at_o this_o time_n and_o what_o great_a disturbance_n they_o can_v have_v give_v to_o the_o empire_n appear_v evident_o from_o the_o book_n of_o esther_n king_n ahasuerus_n upon_o the_o suggestion_n of_o haman_n have_v grant_v a_o decree_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o the_o jew_n which_o be_v send_v into_o all_o the_o province_n 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the_o king_n shall_v gracious_o hold_v out_o the_o golden_a sceptre_n to_o they_o 11._o yet_o when_o they_o have_v obtain_v this_o decree_n they_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o to_o destroy_v their_o enemy_n which_o be_v as_o famous_a a_o example_n of_o passive_a obedience_n as_o can_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o history_n and_o pray_v see_v here_o what_o the_o prophet_n daniel_n acknowledge_v to_o belteshazzar_n 19_o the_o most_o high_a god_n give_v nebucadnezzar_n thy_o father_n a_o kingdom_n and_o majesty_n and_o glory_n and_o honour_n and_o for_o the_o majesty_n that_o he_o give_v he_o all_o people_n nation_n and_o language_n tremble_v and_o fear_v before_o he_o who_o he_o will_v be_v slaw_v and_o who_o he_o will_v be_v keep_v alive_a and_o who_o he_o will_v be_v set_v up_o and_o who_o he_o will_v â—e_v pull_v down_o and_o if_o these_o heathen_a king_n receive_v such_o a_o power_n from_o god_n as_o the_o prophet_n here_o affirm_v st._n paul_n have_v make_v the_o 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the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n and_o province_n that_o shall_v assault_v they_o etc._n etc._n and_o to_o take_v the_o spoil_n of_o they_o for_o a_o prey_n without_o which_o decree_n you_o suppose_v mordecai_n do_v not_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o resist_v though_o it_o be_v a_o case_n of_o as_o great_a extremity_n as_o can_v ever_o happen_v and_o that_o therefore_o esther_n be_v put_v upon_o so_o hazardous_a a_o attempt_n as_o to_o venture_v to_o obtain_v this_o decree_n though_o with_o the_o peril_n of_o her_o life_n but_o that_o when_o they_o have_v once_o obtain_v it_o they_o be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o enable_v to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o destroy_v their_o enemy_n in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o do_v not_o fair_o represent_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o story_n for_o it_o no_o where_o appear_v in_o the_o text_n though_o you_o be_v please_v to_o add_v it_o that_o mordecai_n do_v not_o think_v it_o lawful_a for_o the_o jew_n to_o resist_v till_o this_o decree_n be_v obtain_v for_o it_o be_v only_o there_o say_v that_o he_o send_v esther_n to_o the_o king_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o she_o come_v into_o his_o presence_n she_o fall_v down_o at_o his_o foot_n and_o beseech_v he_o with_o tear_n to_o put_v away_o the_o mischief_n of_o haman_n the_o agagite_n 8.5_o pray_v read_v the_o word_n and_o she_o say_v if_o it_o please_v the_o king_n and_o if_o i_o have_v find_v favour_n in_o his_o fight_n and_o the_o thing_n seem_v right_a before_o the_o king_n and_o i_o be_v please_v in_o his_o eye_n let_v it_o be_v write_v to_o reverse_v the_o letter_n devise_v by_o haman_n the_o son_n of_o hammedatha_n the_o agagite_n which_o he_o write_v to_o destroy_v the_o jew_n which_o be_v in_o all_o the_o king_n province_n by_o which_o you_o may_v see_v that_o esther_n request_n be_v not_o for_o a_o liberty_n to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_a to_o try_v if_o she_o can_v get_v the_o king_n to_o reverse_v the_o first_o decree_n obtain_v by_o haman_n to_o destroy_v they_o but_o because_o the_o king_n decree_n when_o once_o issue_v out_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reverse_v therefore_o he_o issue_v this_o second_o decree_n to_o give_v the_o jew_n a_o legal_a or_o civil_a power_n to_o gather_v themselves_o together_o and_o stand_v upon_o their_o defence_n against_o all_o that_o shall_v assault_v they_o 9.3_o which_o be_v so_o far_o obey_v that_o the_o ruler_n of_o the_o province_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n instead_o of_o destroy_v help_v the_o jew_n because_o say_v the_o text_n the_o fear_n of_o mordecai_n fall_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o though_o i_o own_o this_o decree_n give_v they_o a_o legal_a power_n to_o stand_v upon_o their_o defence_n and_o do_v likewise_o
a_o blessing_n proper_a for_o the_o prince_n of_o peace_n to_o give_v but_o he_o who_o instruct_v prince_n to_o rule_v as_o god_n minister_n and_o vicegerent_n and_o to_o express_v a_o fatherly_a care_n and_o concernment_n for_o the_o happiness_n of_o their_o subject_n 47._o and_o that_o teach_v subject_n to_o reverence_n and_o obey_v their_o prince_n as_o the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o quiet_o to_o submit_v and_o yield_v to_o his_o authority_n and_o that_o enforce_v these_o law_n both_o on_o prince_n and_o subject_n in_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o god_n and_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o future_a judgement_n when_o prince_n who_o abuse_v their_o power_n shall_v give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o their_o great_a master_n and_o when_o subject_n who_o resist_v shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n and_o those_o who_o patient_o suffer_v for_o god_n sake_n shall_v have_v their_o injury_n redress_v and_o their_o obedience_n reward_v i_o say_v such_o a_o 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have_v likewise_o give_v prince_n no_o authority_n to_o alter_v those_o which_o they_o find_v ready_o make_v and_o model_v to_o their_o hand_n in_o those_o country_n wherein_o god_n have_v place_v they_o at_o the_o helm_n and_o though_o you_o tell_v i_o those_o model_n of_o government_n be_v not_o of_o such_o consequence_n as_o some_o man_n imagine_v yet_o i_o hope_v you_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o better_a opinion_n of_o this_o of_o england_n since_o it_o be_v only_o to_o this_o frame_n of_o government_n that_o you_o will_v own_v we_o owe_v all_o our_o freedom_n and_o happiness_n above_o divers_a other_o nation_n our_o neighbour_n since_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o our_o law_n and_o original_a constitution_n to_o the_o contrary_a i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o we_o may_v not_o be_v make_v as_o absolute_a slave_n as_o any_o in_o turkey_n when_o ever_o the_o king_n please_v i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o it_o be_v the_o fatherly_a care_n prudence_n and_o justice_n of_o governor_n that_o can_v 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subject_n who_o have_v be_v very_o loyal_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o very_o good_a christian_n and_o yet_o have_v be_v make_v very_o miserable_a as_o witness_v the_o protestant_n in_o hungary_n and_o france_n but_o as_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o our_o saviour_n have_v give_v subject_n liberty_n to_o resist_v tyrannical_a prince_n upon_o every_o slight_a occasion_n much_o less_o to_o depose_v or_o murder_v they_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o if_o he_o have_v give_v liberty_n to_o subject_n to_o resist_v in_o some_o case_n it_o will_v only_o serve_v to_o proclaim_v a_o universal_a licence_n to_o sedition_n and_o civil_a war_n since_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v such_o war_n to_o be_v lawful_a but_o when_o the_o people_n be_v in_o as_o miserable_a condition_n as_o a_o state_n of_o war_n can_v bring_v they_o to_o and_o if_o our_o saviour_n have_v not_o allow_v they_o this_o power_n no_o rational_a man_n will_v think_v it_o a_o blessing_n proper_a for_o the_o prince_n of_o peace_n to_o give_v or_o to_o come_v into_o the_o world_n to_o introduce_v slavery_n and_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o the_o sword_n though_o i_o grant_v he_o instruct_v prince_n to_o rule_v as_o god_n minister_n and_o vicegerent_n and_o to_o express_v a_o fatherly_a care_n and_o concern_v for_o the_o happiness_n of_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o he_o likewise_o teach_v subject_n to_o obey_v their_o prince_n yet_o you_o know_v too_o well_o how_o seldom_o these_o instruction_n have_v all_o those_o good_a effect_n either_o with_o the_o prince_n or_o people_n and_o therefore_o as_o on_o the_o people_n side_n beside_o those_o obligation_n of_o conscience_n you_o speak_v of_o there_o be_v likewise_o ordain_v temporal_a punishment_n to_o keep_v subject_n to_o their_o duty_n so_o likewise_o there_o be_v often_o need_v of_o something_o else_o beside_o mere_a conscience_n and_o honour_n to_o keep_v prince_n from_o tyrannize_a over_o their_o subject_n and_o though_o i_o suppose_v the_o consideration_n of_o a_o future_a judgement_n may_v go_v a_o great_a way_n with_o some_o prince_n to_o make_v they_o perform_v that_o great_a trust_n god_n have_v give_v they_o yet_o pray_v tell_v i_o have_v you_o not_o read_v if_o not_o know_v some_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n of_o late_a time_n who_o have_v either_o believe_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o eternal_a damnation_n or_o at_o least_o have_v find_v a_o way_n by_o nice_a distinction_n or_o equivocation_n to_o evade_v all_o law_n oath_n and_o promise_n whatsoever_o and_o what_o satisfaction_n be_v it_o to_o i_o or_o how_o do_v it_o serve_v to_o alleviate_v my_o misery_n when_o i_o be_o make_v a_o slave_n and_o a_o beggar_n that_o those_o that_o have_v the_o rule_n over_o i_o will_v be_v damn_v for_o so_o do_v but_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o i_o must_v quiet_o and_o patient_o suffer_v this_o for_o god_n sake_n and_o that_o then_o we_o shall_v have_v our_o injury_n redress'r_o and_o obedience_n reward_v i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o a_o single_a person_n may_v be_v reward_v in_o this_o kind_n for_o prefer_v the_o common_a good_a or_o quiet_v of_o the_o nation_n before_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n but_o that_o whole_a nation_n and_o body_n of_o people_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o like_a rule_n i_o utter_o deny_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v where_o our_o saviour_n either_o enjoin_v or_o require_v such_o a_o absolute_a subjection_n at_o their_o hand_n and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o it_o be_v no_o better_a than_o will-worship_n to_o pay_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o still_o lie_v upon_o you_o to_o prove_v it_o to_o i_o to_o conclude_v i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v a_o more_o effectual_a course_n to_o preserve_v the_o main_a end_n of_o government_n for_o the_o people_n sometime_o to_o resist_v the_o insupportable_a tyranny_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o those_o case_n
law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o title_n of_o they_o which_o run_v thus_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la quae_fw-la sapientes_fw-la exoniae_fw-la consilio_fw-la adelâ—â—â—i_n regis_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la &_o iterum_fw-la apud_fw-la feuresham_n &_o tertia_fw-la vice_fw-la apud_fw-la thundresfeldium_fw-la ubi_fw-la hoc_fw-la definitum_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o confirmatum_fw-la est_fw-la so_o also_o king_n ethelred_n hold_v at_o london_n 992._o a_o great_a council_n and_o make_v law_n consilio_fw-la jussuque_fw-la regis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la aethelredi_fw-la procerumque_fw-la suorum_fw-la de_fw-la tota_fw-la anglia_fw-it etc._n etc._n look_v also_o into_o the_o title_n of_o king_n ethelred_n law_n in_o bromptons_n chronicle_n where_o you_o will_v read_v these_o word_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la concilium_fw-la quod_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la svi_fw-la condixerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la &_o augmentum_fw-la pacis_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la apud_fw-la wodestocam_fw-la in_o mircena_n landa_n 894._o id_fw-la est_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la mircenorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o concilium_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v law_n or_o decree_n to_o instance_n in_o one_o more_o out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n still_o from_o the_o title_n to_o another_o set_a of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o same_o king_n 895._o hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la svi_fw-la constituerunt_fw-la apud_fw-la venetyngum_fw-la ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la pacis_fw-la &_o felicitatis_fw-la incrementum_fw-la see_v likewise_o in_o monasticon_fw-la anglicanum_n the_o first_o volume_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1024._o where_o canuâ—us_o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o primatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la expulit_fw-la clericos_fw-la inhonesâ—e_fw-la viventes_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la sancti_fw-la edmundi_fw-la &_o monachos_fw-la in_o illâ_fw-la constituit_fw-la and_o the_o same_o king_n câ—â—te_n bestow_v divers_a land_n and_o other_o privilege_n on_o the_o monastery_n then_o call_v briadricesworth_n afterward_o st._n edmunds_n bury_v cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n by_o which_o he_o grant_v divers_a land_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la optimatum_fw-la from_o all_o which_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n the_o legislative_a or_o enact_v power_n be_v in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o sapientes_fw-la or_o wites_z conjunct_o with_o the_o king_n and_o that_o none_o of_o these_o saxon_a king_n can_v pass_v any_o law_n or_o make_v any_o considerable_a 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the_o counsel_n and_o consent_n as_o well_o of_o the_o prelate_n as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n be_v account_v necessary_a in_o pass_v of_o all_o act_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o people_n because_o that_o have_v many_o royalty_n and_o large_a immunity_n of_o their_o own_o a_o more_o near_a relation_n to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n nothing_o shall_v pass_v unto_o the_o prejudice_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o the_o disable_n of_o the_o king_n to_o support_v his_o sovereignty_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v a_o plausible_a account_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o william_n i._n who_o you_o call_v the_o conqueror_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v more_o exact_o look_v into_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o power_n of_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n neither_o have_v he_o any_o such_o 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lay_v they_o down_o until_o they_o have_v obtain_v their_o just_a right_n and_o liberties_n contain_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o 3d._n and_o which_o as_o math._n paris_n himself_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n contain_v for_o the_o great_a part_n the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1215._o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o statute_n call_v confirmatio_fw-la chartarum_fw-la 25_o ed._n one_a it_o be_v adjudge_v in_o full_a parliament_n that_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n shall_v be_v take_v as_o common_a law_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o any_o new_a grant_n but_o rather_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n as_o my_o lord_n coke_n very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o excellent_a preface_n to_o his_o 2d_o institutes_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n declaratory_a of_o the_o principal_a ground_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o residue_n be_v additional_a to_o supply_v some_o defect_n of_o the_o common_a law_n so_o that_o the_o learned_a chancellor_n fortescue_n have_v very_o good_a reason_n to_o affirm_v in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr â—audibus_fw-la legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o it_o be_v then_o govern_v in_o all_o king_n time_n by_o the_o same_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o it_o be_v now_o with_o who_o likewise_o agree_v one_o of_o his_o learned_a successor_n 110._o the_o late_a earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviâ—than_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o those_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v the_o same_o which_o this_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n have_v be_v ever_o since_o govern_v by_o to_o this_o day_n and_o as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n regranted_n and_o confirm_v they_o yet_o be_v it_o no_o more_o than_o what_o he_o be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n and_o honour_n to_o perform_v and_o observe_v since_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o general_n consent_v of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n and_o at_o his_o coronation_n as_o well_o as_o afterward_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o by_o the_o way_n though_o these_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n yet_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n long_o since_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v call_v his_o law_n non_fw-la quâ—â—ulit_fw-la sed_fw-la quas_fw-la observaverit_fw-la that_o be_v he_o have_v only_o collect_v they_o into_o one_o body_n and_o ratify_v they_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o law_n be_v more_o than_o once_o swear_v to_o and_o confirm_v by_o king_n william_n himself_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n of_o frederick_n abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n who_o fright_v he_o into_o a_o confirmation_n of_o they_o by_o oath_n for_o fear_v of_o a_o 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the_o authority_n to_o provide_v the_o material_n of_o a_o law_n and_o to_o judge_v what_o be_v just_o convenient_a or_o necessary_a to_o be_v enact_v and_o to_o declare_v when_o any_o matter_n due_o prepare_v be_v make_v and_o grant_v into_o a_o law_n and_o this_o ministerial_a sort_n of_o legislative_a power_n improper_o so_o call_v the_o two_o house_n have_v and_o exercise_v yet_o by_o authority_n front_v the_o grow_v but_o then_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v strictly_n and_o proper_o take_v for_o the_o power_n of_o sanction_n or_o for_o that_o command_a ordain_v power_n which_o give_v life_n and_o be_v to_o the_o law_n and_o force_v to_o oblige_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o this_o be_v radical_o and_o incommunicable_o in_o the_o king_n as_o sovereign_n and_o therefore_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v all_o the_o ancient_a act_n run_v in_o the_o king_n name_n alone_o and_o from_o the_o legislative_a power_n thus_o proper_o take_v the_o law_n be_v proper_o 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you_o may_v remember_v by_o these_o word_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la câ—nsilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-la consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la communi_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la praecedente_fw-la just_a fury_n definitum_fw-la but_o further_o to_o let_v you_o see_v how_o much_o you_o be_v out_o in_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v from_o the_o form_n of_o our_o indictment_n of_o treason_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n as_o well_o common_a as_o statute_n do_v declare_v the_o contrary_a since_o divers_a aâ—ts_n of_o parliament_n have_v express_o affirm_v that_o such_o and_o such_o offence_n be_v treason_n not_o only_o against_o the_o king_n but_o against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a realm_n too_o pray_v take_v these_o instance_n see_v the_o statute_n 1_o edw._n 3._o c._n 1._o wherein_o hugh_n de_fw-fr spencer_n both_o the_o father_n and_o son_n be_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n declare_v traitor_n and_o enemy_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o realm_n see_v likewise_o 28_o hen._n 8._o c._n 7._o wherein_o the_o crown_n be_v settle_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n on_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n beget_v on_o queen_n jane_n or_o by_o any_o other_o after_o marriage_n and_o that_o the_o offender_n that_o shall_v interrupt_v such_o heir_n in_o their_o peaceable_a succession_n they_o with_o their_o abettor_n maintainer_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v declare_v and_o adjudge_v high_a traitor_n to_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o divers_a ancient_a indictment_n in_o stanfords_n plea_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v lay_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la and_o that_o the_o parliament_n have_v reserve_v to_o itself_o a_o power_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edw._n 3d._a to_o determine_v what_o crime_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v treason_n beside_o conspire_v to_o kill_v the_o king_n and_o those_o other_o offence_n specify_v in_o the_o same_o statute_n you_o may_v consult_v the_o statute_n at_o large_a but_o that_o these_o offence_n can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o endeavour_n to_o alter_v the_o government_n or_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o think_v be_v evident_a since_o all_o offence_n relate_v to_o the_o life_n or_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o their_o elder_a son_n be_v there_o particular_o specify_v and_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o late_a unfortunate_a earl_n of_o strafford_n be_v first_o impeach_v by_o the_o commons_o and_o afterward_o attaint_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o year_n 1641._o but_o whether_o just_o or_o not_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n now_o to_o determine_v it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o it_o be_v then_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o that_o if_o the_o earl_n be_v real_o guilty_a of_o destroy_v the_o government_n and_o introduce_v a_o arbitrary_a power_n he_o may_v have_v be_v deserve_o condemn_a but_o that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v and_o dispense_v with_o law_n be_v particular_o apply_v not_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o to_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o pray_v remember_v the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v of_o the_o 25_o hen._n 8._o c._n 21._o wherein_o it_o be_v so_o express_o declare_v as_o also_o by_o the_o 24_o of_o this_o king_n chap._n 12._o the_o preface_n of_o which_o statute_n run_v thus_o and_o whereas_o the_o king_n most_o noble_a progenitor_n and_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o say_a realm_n at_o divers_a anâ—_n sundry_a parliament_n as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n one_a edward_n 3d._n richard_n 2d_o henry_n four_o etc._n etc._n make_v sundry_a ordinance_n law_n statute_n and_o provision_n for_o the_o entire_a and_o sure_a conservation_n of_o the_o prerogative_n liberty_n and_o preeminence_n of_o the_o say_v imperial_a crown_n of_o this_o realm_n etc._n etc._n where_o pray_v note_n that_o the_o make_n of_o all_o these_o statute_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v also_o far_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n when_o in_o a_o set_a speech_n to_o the_o parliament_n report_a by_o crompton_n in_o the_o case_n of_o error_n he_o say_v these_o word_n we_o be_v inform_v by_o our_o judge_n that_o we_o at_o no_o time_n stand_v so_o high_o in_o our_o estate_n royal_a as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o we_o as_o head_n and_o you_o as_o member_n be_v conjoin_v and_o knit_v together_o into_o one_o body_n politic_a and_o sure_o then_o if_o the_o king_n simile_n be_v true_a whatsoever_o function_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n must_v be_v do_v by_o the_o member_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o head_n i_o shall_v sum_v up_o all_o i_o have_v say_v into_o this_o syllogism_n that_o 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sovereign_a power_n and_o therefore_o in_o most_o government_n limit_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o sovereignty_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o senate_n or_o people_n that_o elect_v he_o which_o make_v i_o think_v it_o solecism_n in_o politic_n to_o affirm_v that_o a_o monarch_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o still_o continue_v so_o can_v be_v thus_o limit_v by_o law_n or_o fundamental_a constitution_n as_o you_o call_v they_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n for_o if_o he_o be_v thus_o limit_v that_o power_n that_o can_v thus_o limit_v he_o must_v be_v either_o superior_a or_o inferior_a to_o he_o superior_a it_o can_v not_o be_v because_o both_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o people_n that_o can_v put_v those_o condition_n or_o limitation_n upon_o he_o can_v not_o be_v his_o superior_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o they_o make_v he_o king_n neither_o can_v they_o be_v
nor_o a_o jurisdiction_n it_o be_v by_o this_o very_a body_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v whole_o derive_v from_o he_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v this_o argument_n nor_o i_o believe_v can_v you_o do_v it_o f._n as_o for_o your_o history_n which_o you_o promise_v to_o give_v i_o of_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o first_o saxon_n and_o norman_a king_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o defer_v the_o speak_n of_o it_o till_o another_o time_n it_o be_v now_o late_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o to_o prove_v that_o what_o i_o assert_v concern_v the_o limit_a power_n of_o our_o king_n even_o by_o the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v no_o romance_n but_o true_a history_n nor_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v to_o the_o contrary_a prevalent_a enough_o with_o i_o to_o alter_v my_o opinion_n for_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v somewhat_o more_o than_o i_o but_o now_o assert_v viz._n that_o the_o wittena_n gemote_v or_o great_a council_n meet_v constant_o once_o a_o year_n or_o often_o when_o need_n be_v under_o the_o saxon_a king_n without_o any_o summons_n from_o they_o as_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o particular_a history_n of_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o at_o large_a and_o also_o that_o for_o the_o first_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o come_v in_o of_o the_o norman_n the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n use_v to_o meet_v of_o course_n at_o the_o king_n court_n at_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o great_a feast_n of_o the_o year_n without_o any_o other_o notice_n by_o writ_n or_o summons_n the_o first_o mention_n we_o find_v of_o such_o writ_n be_v in_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la but_o that_o when_o these_o assembly_n become_v less_o frequent_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n '_o discontinue_v of_o they_o and_o because_o of_o the_o case_n the_o nobility_n and_o people_n find_v in_o be_v discharge_v from_o so_o constant_a and_o chargeable_a a_o attendance_n they_o come_v to_o 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it_o be_v a_o old_a maxim_n à _fw-la facto_fw-la ad_fw-la ius_n non_fw-la valet_fw-la consequentia_fw-la so_o it_o be_v no_o true_a way_n of_o proof_n to_o argue_v from_o a_o illegal_a exercise_n or_o abuse_v of_o power_n to_o a_o legal_a right_n or_o prerogative_n and_o though_o the_o parliament_n may_v not_o always_o actual_o question_v or_o find_v fault_n with_o their_o king_n for_o thus_o neglect_v to_o call_v they_o because_o perhaps_o the_o public_a sustain_v no_o present_a damage_n from_o it_o and_o that_o they_o thereby_o escape_v the_o give_v the_o king_n those_o tax_n and_o aid_n which_o he_o usual_o demand_v of_o they_o at_o such_o time_n yet_o when_o the_o long_a forbearance_n of_o omission_n of_o parliament_n become_v a_o general_a grievance_n by_o reason_n of_o those_o encroachment_n that_o the_o king_n and_o great_a man_n often_o make_v upon_o the_o people_n liberty_n in_o those_o interval_n and_o that_o the_o king_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o his_o 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child_n and_o of_o they_o especial_o of_o who_o wrong_n they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o have_v common_a right_n these_o companion_n be_v therefore_o call_v count_n after_o the_o latin_a comites_fw-la etc._n etc._n not_o can_v i_o think_v that_o any_o king_n will_v have_v erect_v a_o court_n to_o have_v redress_v the_o wrong_n do_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o family_n whether_o he_o will_v or_o not_o but_o as_o for_o your_o main_a argument_n from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n edw._n 6._o and_o queen_n eliz._n that_o all_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a be_v derive_v from_o the_o king_n i_o do_v own_o it_o true_a that_o be_v if_o mean_v of_o all_o derivative_a authority_n such_o as_o that_o of_o all_o inferior_a count_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o ecclesiastical_a for_o i_o suppose_v you_o yourself_o
never_o govern_v by_o absolute_a monarch_n but_o by_o king_n or_o prince_n limit_v by_o the_o law_n and_o common-council_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n as_o be_v all_o those_o that_o descend_v from_o this_o gothick_n original_a in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o see_v what_o tacitus_n say_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la germanorum_n gothicam_fw-la who_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v a_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o all_o the_o german_a nation_n to_o order_v all_o public_a affair_n in_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n wherefore_o the_o same_o author_n there_o tell_v we_o de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la rebus_fw-la principes_fw-la consultant_fw-la de_fw-la majoribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la it_o a_o tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la eaqubque_fw-la quorum_fw-la penes_fw-la plebem_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la principes_fw-la praetractentur_fw-la as_o also_o that_o in_o this_o council_n 4._o they_o try_v great_a offender_n for_o caplâ—aâ—_n crime_n licet_fw-la apud_fw-la consilium_fw-la accusare_fw-la quoque_fw-la &_o discrimen_fw-la capitis_fw-la intendere_fw-la nor_o be_v the_o power_n and_o right_n of_o their_o king_n absolute_a or_o arbitrary_a 7._o but_o limit_v and_o elective_a as_o appear_v by_o these_o passage_n in_o the_o same_o author_n reges_fw-la ex_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la deuce_n ex_fw-la virtute_fw-la sumunt_fw-la nec_fw-la regibus_fw-la infinita_fw-la aut_fw-la libera_fw-la potestas_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o speak_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o hold_v these_o public_a council_n after_o silence_n command_v by_o the_o priest_n mox_fw-la rex_fw-la say_v he_o vel_fw-la princeps_fw-la 11._o prout_fw-la aetat_fw-la cuique_fw-la prout_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la prout_fw-la decus_fw-la bellorum_fw-la prout_fw-la facundia_fw-la est_fw-la audiuntur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la suaedendi_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la jubendi_fw-la potestate_fw-la si_fw-la displicuit_fw-la sententia_fw-la fremitu_fw-la aspernantur_fw-la sin_n placuit_fw-la frameas_fw-la concutiunt_fw-la honoratissimum_fw-la assensus_fw-la genus_fw-la est_fw-la armis_fw-la laudari_fw-la 634._o so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v their_o king_n have_v no_o negative_a vote_n in_o their_o council_n whatever_o they_o may_v have_v afterward_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o preside_v in_o they_o but_o the_o priest_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o same_o place_n silentium_fw-la per_fw-la sacerdotes_fw-la quibus_fw-la tum_fw-la coercendi_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la imperatum_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v altogether_o unlikely_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v have_v that_o absolute_a power_n you_o fancy_n over_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o the_o people_n since_o you_o plain_o see_v that_o they_o can_v neither_o make_v peace_n nor_o war_n accuse_v or_o condemn_v any_o man_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o approbation_n or_o consent_n of_o those_o council_n now_o since_o all_o the_o english_a saxon_a nation_n be_v from_o germany_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o consider_v whether_o a_o people_n so_o free_a as_o this_o who_o come_v over_o hither_o not_o as_o subject_n but_o only_o as_o volunteer_n under_o so_o many_o captain_n or_o general_n who_o go_v out_o mere_o to_o seek_v new_a habitation_n shall_v be_v so_o fond_a of_o a_o government_n they_o never_o know_v at_o home_n as_o to_o give_v these_o captain_n who_o they_o make_v their_o king_n a_o absolute_a despotic_a power_n over_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n which_o they_o never_o can_v endure_v in_o their_o own_o country_n but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o then_o king_n i_o thus_o prove_v first_o of_o all_o no_o ancient_a writer_n that_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o mention_v any_o such_o thing_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a for_o who_o will_v believe_v that_o before_o it_o can_v be_v know_v what_o the_o success_n will_v be_v they_o shall_v make_v mere_a 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at_o first_o we_o have_v no_o record_n upon_o what_o express_a condition_n these_o captain_n be_v by_o they_o elect_v to_o be_v their_o king_n yet_o thus_o much_o we_o may_v find_v out_o by_o those_o few_o remain_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o bede_n and_o other_o ancient_a historian_n that_o they_o have_v all_o of_o they_o the_o same_o kind_a of_o government_n and_o law_n with_o very_a little_a difference_n from_o each_o other_o since_o we_o find_v in_o all_o the_o several_a kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o wittena_n gemot_n or_o great_a council_n by_o who_o they_o be_v elect_v and_o without_o who_o advice_n and_o consent_n their_o king_n can_v do_v nothing_o of_o moment_n either_o in_o peace_n or_o war_n as_o any_o one_o that_o will_v but_o read_v those_o law_n that_o be_v leave_v we_o collect_v by_o mr._n lambard_n and_o sir_n h._n spellman_n in_o his_o saxon_a council_n may_v easy_o observe_v m._n i_o own_o indeed_o that_o our_o saxon_a 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tacitus_n say_v in_o these_o government_n no_o man_n can_v doubt_v of_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n but_o
that_o because_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o likewise_o divers_a of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v nominate_v bishop_n to_o see_v therefore_o they_o do_v likewise_o receive_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o have_v of_o appear_v and_o act_v in_o general_a council_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v too_o good_a a_o church_n of_o england_n man_n to_o affirm_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o do_v so_o close_o examine_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o confer_v of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o i_o find_v you_o have_v do_v and_o i_o will_v better_o examine_v your_o authority_n and_o if_o i_o find_v this_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v constant_a and_o uniform_a i_o shall_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n though_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v so_o general_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n who_o give_v leave_v to_o this_o election_n of_o bishop_n wulstan_n in_o the_o great_a council_n which_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v do_v then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o since_o you_o have_v speak_v enough_o concern_v the_o right_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o our_o great_a council_n it_o be_v time_n you_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o temporal_a lord_n which_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o our_o king_n so_o that_o whether_o we_o consider_v those_o lord_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o ruler_n of_o county_n call_v in_o old_a english_a earl_n or_o alderman_n in_o latin_a deuce_n or_o comites_fw-la or_o else_o as_o judge_n or_o counsellor_n call_v in_o old_a saxon_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o latin_a sapientes_fw-la or_o last_o as_o thanes_z in_o latin_a ministri_fw-la who_o be_v either_o military_a tenant_n or_o 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not_o as_o thanes_z or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a lordship_n or_o estate_n in_o land_n but_o if_o they_o sit_v there_o as_o earl_n or_o aldermâ—n_o yet_o may_v they_o not_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o sit_v in_o those_o council_n by_o that_o title_n for_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o aldermen_z of_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o those_o place_n and_o who_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a appear_v for_o they_o as_o their_o representative_n in_o those_o council_n until_o by_o succession_n of_o time_n those_o town_n begin_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n in_o their_o stead_n some_o footstep_n of_o which_o still_o remain_v in_o london_n where_o the_o alderman_n of_o every_o ward_n be_v first_o propose_v to_o be_v elect_v parliament_n man_n before_o any_o other_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o alderman_n in_o the_o most_o ancient_a city_n as_o london_n york_n lincoln_n &_o â—_o be_v not_o elect_v by_o any_o grant_n or_o charter_n from_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o a_o immemorial_a right_n of_o prescription_n but_o admit_v that_o these_o earl_n or_o alderman_n appear_v in_o these_o council_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o king_n confer_v upon_o they_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o very_a office_n itself_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d from_o he_o since_o we_o find_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o chief_a man_n who_o 〈◊〉_d call_v prince_n and_o which_o answer_v these_o earl_n to_o have_v be_v use_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n long_o before_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o we_o cite_v the_o rest_n jura_n per_fw-la pagâ—â—_n viâ—osque_fw-la principes_fw-la reddunt_fw-la â—enteni_fw-la singulis_n ex_fw-la plebe_fw-la comites_fw-la consilium_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o auctoritas_fw-la adsunt_fw-la which_o exact_o answer_v our_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n wherein_o the_o alderman_n of_o the_o county_n or_o his_o deputy_n the_o sheriff_n preside_v and_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o that_o though_o the_o king_n may_v appoint_v these_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n or_o county_n yet_o do_v it_o no_o more_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o be_v and_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o his_o will_n than_o as_o i_o say_v before_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n have_v ancient_o the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n in_o england_n that_o therefore_o they_o must_v also_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n whole_o to_o they_o since_o the_o king_n perform_v both_o of_o they_o as_o a_o public_a trust_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a weal_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o assembly_n beside_o alderman_n and_o burgess_n for_o city_n and_o town_n consist_v of_o those_o thanes_z who_o name_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comâ—â—â—s_n and_o that_o though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o king_n feudal_n thanes_z or_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 515._o yet_o that_o author_n no_o where_o exclude_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z from_o have_v voice_n in_o those_o assembly_n who_o be_v afterward_o style_v vavissour_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n afterward_o call_v maunor_n with_o court_n annex_v to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sac_n &_o soc_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o court_n 〈◊〉_d and_o courtbaron_n especial_o if_o you_o please_v far_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a nâ—mber_n of_o alâ—dariâ—_n or_o free_a tenant_n there_o be_v then_o who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v of_o all_o service_n but_o the_o common_a burden_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o nation_n none_o but_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o saxon_a council_n will_v find_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n that_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o owe_v their_o 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o be_v the_o king_n minister_n or_o officer_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o to_o their_o hold_v such_o land_n and_o possâ—ssions_n as_o capacitate_v they_o and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n and_o that_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelâ—â—an_n where_o you_o will_v find_v gâ—mility_n itself_o annex_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o land_n 54._o for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o consult_v king_n athelston_n law_n you_o will_v there_o find_v that_o if_o a_o villaâ—aus_n or_o câ—eorl_n can_v so_o thrive_v as_o to_o get_v a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n he_o be_v reckon_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n as_o they_o be_v promiscuoul_o reckon_v at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o though_o i_o suppose_v there_o may_v not_o be_v in_o those_o time_n that_o exact_a distinction_n between_o peer_n and_o commons_o as_o there_o have_v be_v establish_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o bishop_n earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o shire_n though_o not_o enjoy_v as_o hereditary_a honour_n may_v make_v then_o the_o great_a nobility_n or_o peer_n as_o the_o thanes_z be_v the_o less_o nobility_n gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n who_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n may_v together_o with_o
lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o lesser_a or_o low_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o style_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v for_o some_o time_n before_o this_o summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n as_o appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 18._o now_o whether_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o real_o peer_n or_o not_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v but_o it_o be_v they_o alone_a who_o for_o some_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o county_n court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o the_o public_a business_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v then_o as_o at_o this_o day_n a_o drudgery_n beneath_o the_o peer_n to_o perform_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o person_n much_o above_o any_o other_o layman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n immediate_o from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o that_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v excommunicate_v without_o the_o king_n leave_n and_o so_o be_v then_o in_o some_o sort_n of_o the_o same_o order_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la with_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n be_v common_o style_v barones_n and_o make_v up_o but_o one_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o layman_n in_o parliament_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o suppose_v proceed_v that_o common_a error_n of_o sir_n ed._n coke_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v ancient_o sit_v together_o and_o make_v but_o one_o house_n now_o if_o you_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o object_n against_o this_o notion_n pray_v let_v i_o hear_v it_o f._n i_o think_v you_o and_o i_o be_v come_v pretty_a near_o a_o issue_n in_o this_o question_n for_o you_o confess_v that_o these_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o who_o you_o comprise_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v not_o true_o and_o proper_o baron_n and_o so_o far_o you_o be_v in_o the_o right_n but_o yet_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o mere_a commoner_n as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v some_o degree_n or_o order_n of_o man_n in_o england_n in_o those_o time_n who_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o but_o a_o amphibious_a race_n between_o both_o but_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v indeed_o no_o more_o than_o commoner_n and_o not_o lord_n nor_o peeâ—s_n at_o all_o nor_o equal_a with_o they_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o their_o way_n of_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n which_o be_v by_o mere_a commoner_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v so_o that_o a_o person_n who_o be_v no_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o may_v serve_v upon_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o they_o and_o as_o well_o as_o the_o dr._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o you_o assert_v that_o they_o only_o serve_v in_o the_o country_n upon_o all_o jury_n and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n so_o after_o all_o this_o noise_n of_o none_o but_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v for_o the_o whole_a commons_o of_o england_n we_o find_v by_o your_o own_o show_v that_o three_o part_n in_o four_o of_o the_o lay_v member_n of_o that_o council_n be_v as_o mere_a commoner_n as_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o five_o port_n at_o this_o day_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o these_o latter_a may_v not_o be_v as_o well_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n as_o the_o former_a who_o be_v mere_a commoner_n likewise_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o nobility_n nor_o birth_n nor_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n but_o only_o the_o mere_a tenure_n of_o their_o land_n that_o give_v they_o a_o particular_a right_n to_o a_o place_n in_o that_o assembly_n in_o those_o age_n or_o if_o a_o mere_a citizen_n can_v get_v money_n enough_o to_o purchase_v such_o a_o estate_n in_o capite_fw-la he_o be_v as_o good_a a_o member_n of_o parllament_n as_o the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o so_o that_o the_o question_n than_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v then_o represent_v by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o other_o as_o they_o be_v now_o but_o since_o you_o will_v have_v none_o commoner_n but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v have_v place_n therein_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o you_o allow_v that_o privilege_n to_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n yes_o i_o allow_v it_o to_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o who_o also_o enjoy_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n or_o so_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v they_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o dignity_n of_o that_o place_n not_o but_o that_o the_o king_n have_v also_o a_o prerogative_n of_o summon_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v to_o his_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n till_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la think_v it_o a_o wrong_n to_o they_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o all_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n but_o i_o exclude_v from_o this_o council_n all_o tenant_n by_o petit_n serjeanty_n who_o tho_o it_o be_v true_a hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o likewise_o i_o exclude_v all_o city_n and_o town_n though_o the_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o tenement_n by_o that_o tenure_n since_o be_v neither_o noble_a by_o blood_n nor_o have_v estate_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o in_o person_n among_o the_o other_o tenant_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o one_o or_o more_o knight_n fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o i_o see_v you_o shut_v out_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o these_o your_o true_a freeholder_n from_o this_o assembly_n m._n as_o for_o the_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n i_o at_o present_a conceive_v though_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a of_o it_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v land_n and_o perhaps_o divers_a knight_n fee_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n also_o since_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o his_o servant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o and_o such_o petit_fw-fr service_n may_v in_o process_n of_o time_n fall_v by_o purchase_n or_o descent_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o have_v sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v that_o dignity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o may_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o then_o hold_v and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o sum_v impose_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o way_n of_o aid_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n or_o else_o by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n by_o so_o much_o a_o yard_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o all_o england_n which_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o tax_v ever_o since_o that_o of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v disuse_v f._n then_o i_o find_v after_o all_o you_o have_v say_v that_o scarce_o half_a your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o prrliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o so_o have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n be_v as_o
soccage_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o numerous_a that_o what_o room_n nay_o what_o field_n or_o place_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n or_o how_o can_v any_o business_n have_v be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a f._n so_o than_o you_o yourself_o must_v also_o grant_v that_o when_o all_o your_o great_a and_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o person_n parliament_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v now_o since_o according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n catalogue_n out_o of_o dooms-day-book_n in_o his_o appendix_n to_o the_o english_a history_n vol._n 1_o of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o serjeanty_n that_o hold_v all_o the_o land_n in_o every_o county_n of_o king_n william_n they_o do_v beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n altogether_o amount_v to_o about_o 700._o and_o these_o in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o by_o forfeiture_n and_o new_a conveyance_n from_o the_o crown_n or_o by_o those_o other_o way_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v may_v be_v multiply_v into_o twice_o as_o many_o more_o and_o those_o also_o of_o sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o member_n of_o parliament_n or_o knight_n since_o 15_o pound_n a_o year_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o reckon_v as_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o he_o that_o have_v it_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v knight_v and_o if_o so_o i_o pray_v according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n how_o can_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n be_v manage_v as_o of_o about_o 3000_o or_o 4000_o person_n without_o strange_a confusion_n and_o disorder_n but_o upon_o our_o principle_n there_o will_v follow_v no_o more_o absurdity_n or_o inconvenience_n than_o in_o you_o for_o either_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n burgess_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v always_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n as_o they_o be_v now_o or_o else_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n appear_v for_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o freeholder_n of_o good_a estate_n who_o be_v not_o so_o numerous_a or_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o imagine_v the_o freehold_a land_n in_o england_n be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o in_o a_o few_o hand_n in_o comparison_n to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o and_o for_o this_o opinion_n i_o have_v sir_n h._n spelman_n of_o my_o side_n who_o in_o the_o place_n already_o quote_v under_o barones_n câ—â—itatus_fw-la express_o tell_v we_o hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la contineri_fw-la videtur_fw-la antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la omnis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—eodalium_fw-la specier_fw-la in_fw-la uno_fw-la quovis_fw-la comitara_fw-mi degentium_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempè_fw-la &_o 〈◊〉_d domini_fw-la nèc_fw-la non_fw-la liberè_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundorum_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglicè_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superiùâ—_n dictum_fw-la est_fw-la normidum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nec_fw-la tam_fw-la â—iles_fw-la 〈◊〉_d fuisse_fw-la nèc_fw-la tam_fw-la vulgares_fw-la ut_fw-la hodiè_fw-la deprehonduntur_fw-la na_o villa_n &_o dominia_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d hareditates_fw-la non_fw-la dum_fw-la distrahebant_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la vidimus_fw-la in_o hibernia_n penes_fw-la se_fw-la retinentes_fw-la agros_fw-la per_fw-la precarios_fw-la excolebant_fw-la &_o adscriptitio_n so_o that_o you_o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n then_o believe_v that_o the_o manor_n and_o great_a freehold_n in_o england_n be_v not_o then_o parcele_v out_o into_o so_o many_o small_a share_n as_o you_o imagine_v and_o that_o such_o inferior_a baron_n whether_o they_o hold_v in_o caâ—â—â—e_n or_o not_o arch._n be_v also_o call_v proceres_fw-la see_v the_o law_n of_o henry_n i._n chap._n 25._o the_o title_n whereof_o be_v de_fw-fr privilegits_n procerum_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o law_n run_v thus_o si_fw-mi exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la inter_fw-la homines_fw-la allcusus_fw-la baronum_fw-la foenam_fw-la habentium_fw-la tractâ—tur_fw-la placitum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la now_o that_o this_o socha_n be_v no_o more_o than_o soc._n in_o old_a saxon_a see_v spel._n gloss._n tit._n soc._n i._n e._n secta_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o titulo_fw-la socha_n vel_fw-la dicitur_fw-la soc._n a_o saxon_a socâ—_n i._o e_fw-la libertas_fw-la franchesia_n &_o vide_fw-la manerium_fw-la qd_n dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la soca_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la &_o barones_n have_v court_n baron_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o their_o lord_n though_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavaâ—ours_n but_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o suppose_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n and_o great_a freeholder_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o may_v amount_v in_o all_o to_o 5_o on_o 6000_o person_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o such_o a_o assembly_n may_v not_o be_v as_o orderly_a and_o well_o manage_v as_o one_o of_o 1000_o or_o 4000_o suppose_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v than_o make_v about_o that_o number_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o most_o business_n or_o act_n of_o any_o consequence_n and_o for_o which_o parliament_n be_v call_v may_v be_v prepare_v and_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n before_o they_o meet_v so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v few_o inconvenience_n and_o improbability_n attend_v my_o hypothesis_n than_o you_o m._n that_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a together_o with_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n i_o have_v very_o good_a authority_n on_o my_o side_n but_o that_o any_o feudatory_a baron_n or_o tenant_n of_o a_o lesser_a degree_n ever_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n i_o think_v you_o can_v give_v i_o no_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o it_o it_o be_v true_a mr._n p._n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v 110._o give_v we_o two_o modern_a quotation_n the_o one_o out_o of_o mr._n câ—â—den's_n britannia_n the_o other_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n to_o prove_v it_o as_o for_o the_o former_a it_o be_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o the_o britannia_n first_o publish_v in_o quarto_n the_o word_n be_v these_o verum_fw-la baro_n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la imbus_fw-la videatur_fw-la qua_fw-la tempus_fw-la paulatim_fw-la moliara_fw-it &_o molliora_fw-la reddidit_fw-la nam_fw-la longo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la liberi_fw-la erant_fw-la domini_fw-la 16._o &_o thani_fw-la saxombus_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la barones_n vocari_fw-la caperunt_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la magni_fw-la honoris_fw-la erat_fw-la paulo_fw-la autem_fw-la postea_fw-la mean_v after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n eo_fw-la honoris_fw-la pervenit_fw-la ut_fw-la nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la qâ—â—dammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continerentur_fw-la but_o he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o learned_a author_n in_o his_o last_o edition_n of_o this_o work_n in_o folio_n be_v sensible_a of_o his_o mistake_n have_v add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la before_o ordines_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o now_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o they_o be_v now_o understand_v mr._n p'_v other_o quotation_n be_v out_o of_o mr._n selden_n note_n upon_o rancorous_a 168._o where_o comment_v on_o the_o word_n barones_n he_o say_v vocabulum_fw-la nempe_fw-la alio_fw-la notione_fw-la usurpari_fw-la quam_fw-la vulgo_fw-la neque_fw-la eos_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la significare_fw-la quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la but_o then_o conceal_v this_o that_o follow_v which_o make_v direct_o against_o he_o sed_fw-la universos_fw-la qui_fw-la regiae_n munificentiae_fw-la ad_fw-la formulam_fw-la juris_fw-la nostre_fw-fr clientelaris_fw-la quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la villae_fw-la regiae_n glebam_fw-la sed_fw-la ipsum_fw-la tantum_fw-la modo_fw-la regem_fw-la spectat_fw-la tenure_n en_fw-fr chief_n phrasi_fw-la forensi_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sive_fw-la tenura_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la lati_fw-la fundiâ—_fw-la pessidebant_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o he_o express_o restrain_v this_o word_n barones_n to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o though_o your_o author_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n do_v mr._n selden_n give_v we_o any_o other_o description_n of_o a_o baron_n v._n i_o mean_v such_o who_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o parliament_n but_o such_o in_o the_o sense_n that_o be_v take_v in_o henry_n i._o his_o charter_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o matt._n paris_n siquis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la aliorm_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr i_o tenent_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la i._n e._n one_o who_o be_v either_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n or_o great_a baron_n or_o otherwise_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la f._n mr._n p._n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o you_o make_v he_o
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
that_o if_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n have_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v i_o think_v no_o reasonable_a man_n can_v have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o these_o abstract_a word_n nobilitas_fw-la universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v for_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n when_o thus_o represent_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o shall_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a nobility_n only_o viz._n the_o great_a lord_n bishop_n and_o tenant_n in_o caâ—ite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v make_v i_o believe_v which_o require_v strong_a proof_n than_o what_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v beside_o which_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la or_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la it_o be_v also_o more_o common_o use_v at_o this_o day_n and_o often_o then_o too_o in_o another_o more_o restrain_v and_o yet_o legal_a sense_n and_o that_o be_v when_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n distinct_a from_o the_o peer_n and_o this_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v distinguish_v by_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v always_o set_v after_o the_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o the_o other_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o peer_n viz._n the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n or_o when_o it_o be_v put_v contradistinct_a to_o the_o word_n magnate_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o authority_n and_o example_n from_o historian_n and_o record_n of_o both_o these_o 35._o and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n precede_v those_o that_o you_o allow_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v in_o parliament_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v that_o which_o matt._n westm_n mention_n as_o a_o parliament_n hold_v 37th_o hen._n iii_o and_o which_o be_v thus_o recite_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n 352._o where_o after_o the_o excommunication_n denounce_v against_o all_o infringer_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la there_o be_v this_o solemn_a clause_n aâ—ded_v that_o if_o to_o the_o write_n concern_v the_o say_a sentence_n any_o other_o thing_n or_o in_o any_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v add_v thereunto_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o the_o say_a sentence_n then_o to_o be_v denounce_v and_o approve_v of_o that_o then_o dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la populi_n pretestantur_fw-la publicae_fw-la before_o all_o the_o bishop_n that_o they_o will_v never_o consent_v thereunto_o and_o conclude_v thus_o in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la &_o in_o posterum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la testimonium_fw-la as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o norff._n heref._n essex_n and_o warwick_n as_o peter_n de_fw-fr sabaâ—dia_n ad_fw-la inslantiam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o populi_n praescripti_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apposuerunt_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o for_o those_o that_o be_v peer_n to_o sign_n for_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n or_o commons_o m_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o bring_v they_o lest_o i_o not_o only_o forget_v some_o of_o they_o but_o also_o tire_v both_o you_o and_o myself_o with_o too_o long_a a_o discourse_n i_o hope_v i_o be_o very_a well_o able_a to_o prove_v by_o the_o learned_a dr.'s_n assistance_n dein_fw-ge that_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n here_o mention_v doâ—h_o signify_v not_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o laity_n there_o present_a consist_v of_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o else_o the_o less_o or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o matt._n paris_n call_v this_o council_n tota_n angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la 865._o and_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o king_n demand_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o they_o after_o much_o contest_v and_o upon_o promise_n to_o reform_v all_o abuse_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n thereupon_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o the_o church_n grant_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o revenue_n for_o three_o year_n and_o the_o knight_n or_o nobility_n grant_v for_o that_o year_n scutage_n to_o wit_n three_o mark_n of_o every_o scutum_n or_o knight_n 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o pontificalibus_fw-la with_o light-candle_n in_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o presence_n and_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n his_o brother_n and_o several_a earl_n there_o name_v &_o aliorum_fw-la optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o other_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n excommunicate_v and_o curse_v all_o those_o that_o from_o thence_o forward_o shall_v deprive_v the_o church_n of_o she_o right_o and_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v change_v alter_v or_o diminish_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n especial_o those_o grant_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o common_a liberty_n of_o england_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n arâ—hiâ—piscopis_n episcopis_fw-la &_o cateris_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o â—â—berè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o â—â—gland_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a 〈◊〉_d knight_n service_n for_o they_o only_o be_v such_o aâ—_n pay_v scutage_n which_o be_v at_o this_o â—ime_n a_o kind_n of_o composition_n with_o the_o king_n for_o the_o confirm_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o be_v never_o charge_v but_o upon_o knight_n fee_n and_o these_o be_v such_o that_o hold_v perhaps_o one_o narrow_a or_o scanty_a knight_n fee_n only_o or_o some_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n as_o a_o half_a 3d_o four_o 6_o 8_o part_n etc._n etc._n who_o all_o pay_v a_o proportionable_a share_n of_o scutage_n to_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o land_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v pay_v first_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o by_o they_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o collect_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n majores_fw-la that_o come_v to_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n there_o be_v also_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la according_a to_o the_o direction_n and_o law_n for_o summons_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n who_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la and_o that_o other_o tenant_n but_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o act_n 〈◊〉_d they_o all_o know_v how_o many_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o â—â—ey_n have_v give_v any_o away_o to_o other_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o as_o they_o do_v of_o the_o crown_n use_v answer_v a_o proportionable_a rate_n towards_o this_o tax_n for_o the_o fee_n quantity_n 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o fee_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o about_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o mistake_n 〈◊〉_d the_o scutage_n be_v ascertain_v so_o that_o in_o so_o great_a a_o assembly_n where_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n be_v call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v and_o upon_o so_o great_a 〈◊〉_d occasion_n and_o solemnity_n as_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n after_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a a_o manner_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o beside_o the_o baron_n all_o the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a which_o be_v then_o very_o numerous_a be_v present_a or_o at_o least_o most_o of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o tell_v you_o to_o the_o communitas_fw-la be_v after_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o magnaâ—â—â—_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v all_o summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v nor_o choose_v and_o send_v by_o the_o people_n but_o summon_v as_o the_o great_a baron_n in_o general_a by_o king_n john_n '_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v well_o enough_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v be_v pure_a imagination_n or_o in_o the_o dr._n phrase_n a_o airy_a ambuscade_n and_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o matt._n paris_n as_o also_o of_o the_o lawyer_n and_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o this_o author_n by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v understand_v a_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o magnate_v or_o else_o if_o the_o word_n magnates_n may_v have_v comprehend_v they_o all_o it_o will_v have_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v mention_v any_o more_o but_o to_o answer_v those_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o mat._n paris_n as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la since_o you_o still_o insist_v upon_o it_o i_o
have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v à _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 40_o soli_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 13_o dom._n 1285._o pro_fw-la expeditione_n contra_fw-la wallos_n and_o it_o be_v also_o grant_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n when_o you_o and_o the_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v then_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o a_o militibus_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n must_v only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o dr.'s_n and_o without_o any_o authority_n to_o limit_v these_o word_n militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la which_o you_o omit_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberè_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o únderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n iii_o or_o not_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o your_o dr.'s_n assertion_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v since_o it_o be_v restrain_v by_o yourself_o to_o mean_v not_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o community_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n but_o that_o matt._n paris_n do_v also_o in_o another_o place_n take_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n pray_v again_o remember_v what_o he_o say_v in_o anno_fw-la 1225._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la come_v to_o be_v confirm_v in_o 9th_o hen._n iii_o he_o tell_v we_o rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n
praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la which_o pray_v let_v we_o put_v into_o english_a and_o see_v if_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v what_o i_o say_v viz._n the_o clergy_n and_o people_n be_v present_a with_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o the_o word_n magnate_v as_o you_o affirm_v do_v then_o comprehend_v all_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o what_o purpose_n be_v the_o word_n people_n put_v here_o as_o a_o distinct_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o to_o show_v you_o father_n that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laic_n but_o lord_n and_o knight_n of_o shire_n 〈◊〉_d shall_v show_v you_o out_o of_o walsingham_n anno_fw-la 1297._o 24_o edw._n i._o where_o he_o mention_n a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o st._n edmundsbury_n in_o quo_fw-la a_o civitatibus_fw-la &_o burgis_fw-la concessa_fw-la est_fw-la regâ—_n octava_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la vero_fw-la reliquo_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la pars_fw-la bonorum_fw-la where_o by_o populus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o mean_v the_o peer_n but_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o grands_fw-fr des_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d also_o m._n i_o be_o not_o prepare_v at_o present_a to_o answer_v all_o the_o query_n and_o difficulty_n that_o you_o can_v make_v or_o raise_v against_o the_o dr.'s_n argument_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o a_o very_a satisfactory_a answer_n why_o all_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n shall_v be_v bounâ—_n by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n for_o since_o as_o i_o have_v a_o ready_a prove_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o what_o belong_v to_o religious_a house_n be_v grant_v out_o by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o be_v again_o grant_v out_o by_o these_o head-tenant_n to_o their_o feudatory_a oâ—_n mesne_n tenant_n by_o the_o like_a service_n there_o be_v very_o few_o land_n grant_v in_o free_a soccage_n at_o the_o first_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n maâ—_n of_o those_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n i._n or_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n that_o be_v be_v freehold_n yet_o the_o lord_n still_o retaiâ—_n the_o homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o speak_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o theâ—_n neither_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n to_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholderâ—_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v still_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—o_o nominè_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o it_o waâ—_n but_o reason_n that_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v conclude_v that_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n also_o and_o both_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n for_o they_o without_o their_o be_v at_o all_o privy_a to_o it_o but_o admit_v i_o grant_v that_o before_o 49th_o 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n commons_o in_o parliament_n though_o not_o as_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n choose_v by_o the_o common_a people_n as_o their_o representative_n yet_o 〈◊〉_d it_o not_o destroy_v i_o or_o the_o dr.'s_n assertion_n who_o in_o the_o introduction_n before_o the_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n only_o affirm_v that_o before_o the_o 49th_o aforesaid_a the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n or_o ordinary_a freeman_n as_o now_o understand_v or_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o collective_o take_v etc._n etc._n have_v any_o share_n or_o vote_n in_o make_v law_n unless_o as_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d present_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n 82._o be_v it_o so_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o dr_n booâ—_n he_o absolute_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n he_o assign_v but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o allege_v in_o answer_n to_o my_o query_n how_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n can_v have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o tax_n lay_v upon_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—heir_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la your_o answer_n be_v whole_o ground_v upon_o mistake_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n do_v not_o grant_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n since_o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o there_o be_v many_o subordinate_a tenant_n to_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o never_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n at_o all_o nor_o be_v disseize_v of_o they_o by_o your_o conqueror_n â—ad_a who_o have_v also_o great_a number_n of_o considerable_a freeholder_n under_o they_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a which_o be_v soccage_n teâ—re_o in_o the_o next_o place_n neither_o be_v all_o the_o land_n he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o follower_n grant_v to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o you_o your_o seâ—f_n own_o that_o a_o great_a deal_n â—land_n be_v give_v by_o he_o to_o his_o inferior_a servant_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o beside_o this_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o other_o land_n be_v regranted_a by_o that_o king_n himself_o 〈◊〉_d some_o of_o those_o old_a proprietor_n who_o have_v be_v dispossess_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n be_v appear_v from_o fleta_n 8._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n say_v express_o in_o 〈◊〉_d maneriis_fw-la seilicet_fw-la regis_fw-la erant_fw-la liberi_fw-la hemines_n labâ—ri_fw-la tenentes_fw-la quorum_fw-la quidaâ—i_fw-la 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la a_o tenementis_fw-la fuerant_fw-la ejecti_fw-la eadem_fw-la post_fw-la modum_fw-la in_o villenagium_fw-la tenenâ—â—_fw-la resempserunt_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la esse_fw-la dâ—gnoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d quiet_n ne_fw-la sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la well_fw-mi hundredum_fw-la &c_n &c_n quorâ—m_fw-la â—â—gregationem_fw-la tunc_fw-la soccam_fw-la appellarent_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n body_n dicunâ—â—_n etc._n etc._n where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o these_o socman_n or_o soccager_n be_v then_o create_v by_o a_o â—ew_a tenure_n from_o this_o king_n nor_o do_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v their_o land_n â—o_o other_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n do_v at_o first_o 〈◊〉_d also_o in_o process_n of_o time_n grant_v land_n to_o the_o old_a english_a proprietor_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o â—â—em_n in_o soccage_n nor_o be_v homage_n the_o proper_a or_o only_a badge_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n but_o â—ealty_n unless_o the_o land_n have_v be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o first_o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o littleton_n 2d_o book_n sect._n 118._o nor_o do_v this_o soccage_n tenure_n give_v the_o lord_n any_o more_o right_a over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o tax_v he_o de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o bâ—sso_fw-la at_o his_o will_n by_o â—eason_n of_o the_o subjection_n he_o be_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o forfeiture_n since_o â—hen_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v have_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o same_o right_n over_o all_o his_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la to_o tax_v they_o likewise_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiâ—â—â—_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n or_o for_o want_n of_o heir_n continue_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o of_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o other_o long_o after_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v for_o the_o come_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n even_o to_o our_o own_o time_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lord_n can_v not_o give_v tax_n for_o such_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v pray_v consider_v also_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o compose_v all_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o â—arons_n the_o title_n of_o which_o in_o the_o record_n be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o domino_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o domino_fw-la edwardo_n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la dorso_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceriâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—ibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la totâ_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communitèr_fw-la &_o conâ—â—â—ditèr_fw-la approbata_fw-la which_o article_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n earl_n of_o oxon_n humphrey_n bohun_n william_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr canisio_n &_o majore_fw-la london_n in_o parliamento_fw-la london_n mensae_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1264._o haec_fw-la autem_fw-la â—rimatio_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la
defer_v till_o another_o time_n but_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o from_o undoubted_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o as_o low_a as_o richard_n ii_o that_o these_o word_n when_o use_v as_o i_o have_v now_o say_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n can_v refer_v to_o they_o but_o to_o another_o distinct_a estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n than_o call_v les_fw-fr communer_n or_o les_fw-fr commune_v in_o english_a the_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n distinct_a from_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n m_o i_o shall_v nor_o now_o dispute_v with_o you_o concern_v the_o sense_n you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o word_n you_o mention_v but_o i_o grant_v they_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n in_o some_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o parliamentary_a record_n but_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v allow_v communitas_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o at_o this_o time_n in_o your_o sense_n and_o therefore_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v that_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr communality_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n i._o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v or_o english_v by_o the_o word_n commons_o who_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v be_v then_o above_o once_o call_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o this_o king_n but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o argue_v from_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v often_o call_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o allow_v they_o be_v often_o so_o style_v in_o our_o statute_n and_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 219._o but_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o this_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n since_o they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o being_n most_o common_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o election_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n in_o each_o county_n and_o no_o other_o who_o be_v choose_v to_o represent_v the_o omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n or_o they_o and_o all_o the_o other_o military_a tenant_n by_o mean_a tenure_n for_o it_o be_v scarce_a to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n for_o their_o liberty_n will_v part_v with_o this_o main_a point_n of_o be_v personal_o present_a or_o else_o the_o body_n of_o they_o represent_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n in_o every_o county_n and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o this_o account_n they_o have_v the_o title_n of_o notable_a knight_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o only_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o suitor_n to_o the_o county_n court_v 19_o be_v the_o elector_n and_o this_o be_v very_o likely_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n and_o also_o why_o the_o statute_n 18_o the_o hen._n vi_o 15._o by_o which_o any_o man_n that_o have_v 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n of_o any_o tenure_n who_o be_v before_o permit_v to_o be_v a_o elector_n be_v alter_v by_o 10_o the_o hen._n vi_o and_o so_o explain_v that_o none_o but_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n shall_v afterward_o be_v elector_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o least_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n 2._o viz._n 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o be_v now_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o very_o ordinary_a men._n for_o ancient_o soon_o after_o or_o near_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v very_o few_o or_o no_o great_a socâ—agâ—_n that_o be_v such_o as_o hold_v great_a estate_n in_o soccage_n and_o neither_o the_o small_a one_o 29._o nor_o the_o nativi_fw-la or_o copyholder_n be_v repute_v liberi_fw-la ot_fw-mi legales_fw-la homines_fw-la as_o before_o mention_v or_o perform_v the_o service_n proper_a to_o such_o military_a tenant_n or_o those_o to_o who_o they_o have_v alienate_v part_n of_o their_o fe_n but_o since_o i_o have_v tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o wrangle_v about_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a take_v a_o short_a cut_n and_o give_v you_o two_o or_o three_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o hen._n ii_o and_o rich._n i._n which_o together_o with_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la will_v i_o think_v make_v it_o plain_a enough_o in_o conscience_n that_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v be_v not_o summon_v to_o parliament_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v so_o summon_v before_o 49_o the_o h._n iii_o when_o they_o be_v call_v but_o once_o till_o above_o twenty_o year_n after_o will_v be_v the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o task_n f._n i_o approve_v of_o your_o method_n very_o well_o and_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o love_v pedantic_a dispute_n about_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o word_n as_o little_a as_o yourself_o unless_o where_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a as_o indeed_o you_o have_v render_v it_o so_o by_o raise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o those_o general_a word_n whereby_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o historian_n have_v style_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o if_o they_o be_v well_o clear_v i_o think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o fall_v upon_o some_o more_o solid_a argument_n but_o before_o you_o come_v to_o that_o i_o can_v forbear_v observe_v that_o yourself_o do_v allow_v that_o in_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o lâ—_n commune_v when_o put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n do_v signify_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v but_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o seem_v incredible_a nay_o almost_o impossible_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n shall_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o 48_o the_o hen_n iii_o or_o 18_o the_o of_o edw._n i._o begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o next_o parliament_n after_o those_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o quite_o another_o sense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n record_n or_o historian_n of_o that_o or_o succeed_a age_n shall_v take_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o it_o be_v understand_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o question_n i_o can_v but_o rectify_v a_o great_a mistake_v you_o have_v fall_v into_o by_o adhere_v to_o the_o dr._n with_o too_o implicit_a a_o faith_n for_o whereas_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v call_v ancient_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n be_v because_o they_o be_v at_o first_o elect_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o who_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v also_o the_o only_a elector_n of_o they_o at_o first_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n ordain_v the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v many_o age_n so_o before_o whereas_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v that_o statute_n a_o little_a better_o you_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o make_v to_o enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o parliament_n man_n for_o long_o before_o that_o time_n all_o sort_n or_o degree_n of_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o their_o tenant_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o tenure_n or_o whether_o hold_v of_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o other_o as_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o other_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v alike_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o voice_n there_o at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n however_o small_a their_o estate_n be_v nor_o be_v that_o statute_n of_o hen._n iu._n now_o cite_v which_o require_v the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v make_v by_o those_o that_o be_v summon_v and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v there_o present_a make_v to_o confer_v any_o new_a right_n upon_o such_o feeeholder_n but_o only_a to_o prevent_v the_o abuse_n of_o sheriffâ—_n who_o be_v wont_n before_o that_o statute_n to_o procure_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v choose_v clandestine_o without_o any_o due_a summons_n or_o notice_n give_v to_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o election_n much_o less_o do_v the_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o
confer_v any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n upon_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n at_o such_o election_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o take_v away_o the_o right_n which_o the_o small_a freeholder_n of_o under_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o have_v before_o and_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o vaâ—â—_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o year_n above_o all_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o much_o great_a mistake_n to_o suppose_v as_o your_o dr._n do_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o be_v at_o all_o alter_v by_o that_o of_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o explanation_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o by_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v mean_v 40_o s._n freehold_n and_o that_o of_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n where_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v prove_v more_o express_o that_o all_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o by_o any_o other_o tenure_n be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o election_n and_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n long_o before_o those_o statute_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_a freeholder_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o at_o present_a to_o object_v against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v pursue_v the_o method_n you_o have_v undertake_v and_o let_v i_o see_v those_o convince_a proof_n you_o so_o much_o rely_v upon_o and_o which_o you_o hope_v may_v also_o serve_v to_o convert_v i_o m._n before_o i_o undertake_v this_o task_n pray_v permit_v i_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o difficulty_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v which_o i_o confess_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o but_o those_o prejudices_fw-la will_v soon_o vanish_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o first_o time_n this_o alteration_n be_v practise_v it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n name_n though_o by_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o simon_n mountfort_n in_o the_o 49th_o hen_n iii_o and_o after_o a_o discontinuance_n of_o above_o twenty_o year_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o edw._n i._n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o we_o have_v finish_v our_o conversation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v first_o do_v by_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a power_n and_o after_o with_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o lord_n there_o need_v no_o statute_n to_o introduce_v it_o any_o more_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o give_v the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n place_n in_o parliament_n among_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o in_o franc_n almoigne_z under_o the_o yoke_n of_o military_a service_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o i_o show_v you_o first_o of_o all_o who_o be_v those_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n proper_o so_o call_v upon_o who_o the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o subordinate_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chief_o rely_v and_o who_o then_o constitute_v the_o legal_a university_n or_o community_n thereof_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o during_o many_o king_n reign_n after_o that_o time_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v out_v all_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o their_o estate_n give_v they_o away_o to_o his_o french_a and_o norman_a follower_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o capite_fw-la either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v more_o thereunto_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v refer_v you_o to_o no_o better_a author_n than_o doomsday_n book_n itself_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v thus_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o aforesaid_a he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o law_n still_o extant_a and_o which_o be_v in_o great_a part_n addition_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o three_o or_o four_o of_o these_o new_a law_n 254._o and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o 52_o d_o law_n of_o this_o king_n tit._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o obsequio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regem_fw-la statuâ—mus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la faedere_fw-la &_o sacramento_n affirmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la olim_fw-la vocabâ—o_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanny_n wilâ—ielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la tâ—ras_n &_o honour_n illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alienigenar_a difendere_fw-la now_o who_o these_o freeman_n be_v that_o be_v thus_o to_o maintain_v the_o king_n in_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 55th_o law_n follow_v tit._n de_n clienteleri_fw-la seu_fw-la feudorum_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o ingenuòrum_fw-la immunitate_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o â—â—_o mean_v terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o póssessiones_fw-la sâ—â—s_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusto_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jùre_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la in_o &_o allis_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la datum_n &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la votius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n here_o mention_v who_o be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o peace_n and_o free_a from_o all_o unjâ—_n exaction_n and_o taillage_n be_v only_o such_o who_o be_v to_o perform_v free_a service_n i._n e._n knight_n service_n which_o be_v before_o appoint_v and_o grant_v they_o in_o hereditary_a right_n by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o none_o be_v proper_o freeman_n or_o exempt_v from_o tax_n or_o talliage_n 17._o but_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o military_a tenure_n though_o not_o knight_v and_o pray_v also_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la you_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v a_o council_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o english_a and_o french_a together_o but_o one_o whole_o make_v up_o of_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n who_o as_o well_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v also_o far_o make_v out_o by_o the_o 58_o the_o law_n tit._n de_n clientum_fw-la seu_fw-la vassallorem_fw-la prastationibus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o berme_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâ—â—â—â—tihabeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la benè_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o qud_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o benè_fw-la parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o pâ—â—â—gendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o teneâ—â—â—tis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la nostram_fw-la plenam_fw-la so_o that_o here_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n ibid._n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenor_n therefore_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n and_o that_o service_n the_o only_a free_a service_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o law_n and_o â—ow_o different_a they_o be_v from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholder_n at_o this_o day_n for_o who_o neither_o of_o these_o law_n be_v make_v i_o dare_v leave_v it_o
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o â—â—ly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o â—â—ought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o â—ees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o 〈◊〉_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v â—â—eder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataâ—y_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tâ—â—ants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâ—â—rsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la â—â—mines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeâ—â—_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v â—f_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beâ—â—ed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o â—ind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n â—it_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o â—eeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ—_n liberâ—_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v â—â—tend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aâ—â—e_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o 〈◊〉_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ—_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluâ—â—h_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ—_n wâ—nagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o 〈◊〉_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeâ—â—_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n 〈◊〉_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â—20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâ—s_n 〈…〉_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ—_n 〈◊〉_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâ—ceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâ—dom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitâ—â—ent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ—_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtâ—â—_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n 〈◊〉_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la â—â—â—thampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitâ—â—_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la â—ecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la â—ino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
the_o most_o part_n signify_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o you_o may_v consult_v spelman_n glossary_a and_o du_n fresue_n lexicon_n under_o these_o title_n but_o far_a to_o confirm_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n pray_v see_v the_o title_n to_o the_o assize_n of_o forest_n under_o king_n richard_n the_o i._o which_o hoveden_n recite_v in_o these_o word_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la assiza_n dom._n regis_fw-la 40._o &_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecepta_fw-la de_fw-la forestis_n suis_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la facta_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o militum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o militum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v knight_v but_o also_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o the_o word_n ever_o signify_v any_o other_o person_n 61._o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a freeholder_n but_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la freeholder_n in_o military_a service_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o dr.'s_n glossary_a tit._n probi_fw-la homines_fw-la milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o pray_v remember_v also_o what_o sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n miles_n that_o these_o milites_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o be_v proper_o the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o frodo_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpserunt_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o ingenious_a man_n but_o will_v confess_v that_o all_o these_o council_n be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n to_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o all_o your_o authority_n together_o i_o must_v now_o repeat_v what_o i_o often_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o firm_a argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o doubtful_a word_n and_o general_a expression_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o all_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o reason_n consist_v in_o this_o alone_a but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v so_o much_o of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n which_o you_o think_v make_v so_o plain_a for_o you_o and_o shall_v only_o observe_v at_o present_a that_o these_o word_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v always_o stretch_v or_o contract_v according_a as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n find_v it_o best_o to_o suit_n with_o their_o hypothesis_n as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v put_v alone_o than_o it_o must_v signify_v none_o but_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o milites_fw-la then_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v only_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n and_o by_o milites_fw-la those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n if_o any_o other_o word_n follow_v milites_fw-la than_o this_o word_n must_v signify_v only_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_v so_o likewise_o you_o deal_v with_o all_o other_o word_n though_o of_o never_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o signification_n but_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n affirm_v that_o by_o barones_n mention_v in_o these_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o barones_n properly_z so_o call_v and_o by_o the_o milites_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o shire_n whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o feudatories_n to_o other_o for_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1040._o in_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n the_o second_o king_n of_o scot_n mention_n milites_fw-la vavasores_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr baronibus_fw-la tetras_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o other_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v who_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o like_o knight_n may_v be_v then_o force_v to_o receive_v knighthood_n appear_v by_o two_o writ_n of_o 24_o the_o and_o 26_o the_o h._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n dorso_fw-la under_o this_o title_n forma_fw-la de_fw-la molitibus_fw-la faciendis_fw-la and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la northampton_n salutem_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la tuam_fw-la in_o singulis_n bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la facias_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it pâ—ssint_fw-la sustentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la deligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 25._o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la faciant_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerint_fw-la tale_n qui_fw-la citra_fw-la terminum_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la fecerint_fw-la omnia_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la termino_fw-la illo_fw-la &_o quantitatem_fw-la &_o valorem_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobit_fw-la scire_fw-la facias_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la lewes_n 25_o die_v julii_fw-la similiter_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n homines_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o you_o will_v have_v only_o to_o mean_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la those_o word_n have_v so_o equivocal_a a_o signification_n that_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o they_o for_o they_o may_v as_o well_o signify_v all_o the_o king_n subject_n swear_v to_o he_o by_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n as_o tenant_n by_o homage_n or_o knight_n service_n only_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la praediorum_fw-la tenente_fw-la sive_fw-la socmanno_n sive_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n and_o if_o suus_fw-la be_v add_v to_o homo_fw-la it_o do_v much_o alter_v the_o case_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n dicitur_fw-la praeterca_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la ministro_fw-la &_o subdito_fw-la &_o saepe_fw-la occurrit_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o antiquis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la vassalos_n &_o tenentes_fw-la sed_fw-la famulos_fw-la &_o subditos_fw-la quoslibet_fw-la significans_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o give_v we_o several_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v these_o word_n do_v not_o only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o any_o other_o subject_n and_o so_o may_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n likewise_o at_o least_o the_o representative_n of_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o shall_v however_o say_v something_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o out_o of_o abbot_n benedict_n viz._n barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la which_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o then_o it_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v summon_v to_o this_o assembly_n which_o word_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o can_v give_v mr._n selden_n authority_n for_o who_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n 277._o 2_o d_o part_n have_v his_o remarkable_a passage_n speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o baron_n he_o say_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v baron_n of_o subject_n hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o by_o mesnalty_n who_o make_v a_o three_o rank_n of_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v why_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n baronagium_n angliae_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o baronagium_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la so_o often_o occur_v in_o our_o old_a story_n take_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n sometime_o as_o for_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o if_o your_o dr._n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v compare_v the_o author_n he_o quote_v with_o other_o nay_o with_o the_o title_n to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o clarendâ—n_n themselves_o 41._o as_o he_o have_v give_v they_o as_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o history_n out_o of_o quadrilogus_fw-la this_o objection_n will_v have_v be_v needless_a 1395._o for_o if_o you_o consult_v gervase_n of_o canterbury_n he_o style_v the_o party_n to_o this_o council_n praesules_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la anglicani_n regni_fw-la and_o as_o for_o matt._n paris_n 100_o pray_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o
word_n clâ—rus_n which_o there_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n must_v needs_o signify_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n he_o express_v the_o lay_v order_n thus_o cum_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la ac_fw-la proceribus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la where_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la here_o put_v distinct_a from_o barones_n which_o may_v very_o well_o signify_v not_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la do_v often_o signify_v both_o in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n but_o quadrilogus_fw-la give_v we_o the_o title_n of_o these_o constitution_n more_o exact_o in_o these_o word_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ista_fw-la recognitio_fw-la coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o in_o the_o next_o line_n he_o say_v that_o those_o custom_n be_v thus_o recognize_v per_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o per_fw-la nobiliores_fw-la &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o he_o likewise_o distinguish_v between_o the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o those_o who_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o call_v proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o next_o he_o call_v nibilores_n &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o he_o may_v mean_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v call_v in_o the_o saxon_a times_n seniores_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v now_o if_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n appear_v by_o their_o representative_n at_o this_o council_n since_o they_o can_v not_o then_o all_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n any_o more_o than_o now_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n shall_v not_o be_v likewise_o there_o by_o their_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n be_v to_o deprive_v the_o commons_o of_o that_o right_n which_o you_o can_v but_o allow_v to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n to_o conclude_v you_o yourself_o confess_v that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o call_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v only_o nominal_o and_o nor_o proper_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o sense_n that_o word_n be_v now_o take_v and_o if_o so_o pray_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a reason_n why_o other_o commoner_n as_o well_o as_o they_o viz._n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n may_v not_o then_o likewise_o have_v have_v place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n m._n i_o see_v you_o use_v your_o utmost_a endeavour_n from_o the_o various_a and_o equivocal_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n between_o we_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n miiâ—a_n &_o homines_fw-la sai_fw-la which_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a can_v not_o be_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n at_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o very_a plain_a answer_n to_o your_o question_n why_o other_o commonrss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o be_v present_a or_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n appear_v by_o those_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o dr._n b._n have_v make_v use_n of_o with_o so_o good_a success_n against_o mr._n p._n and_o the_o author_n of_o janus_n anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v they_o along_o with_o i_o 〈◊〉_d they_o stand_v here_o in_o the_o appendix_n to_o the_o dr_n complete_a history_n of_o england_n 131._o and_o as_o he_o have_v transcribe_v they_o from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n in_o bennet_n college_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o so_o many_o distinct_a article_n or_o chapter_n but_o those_o we_o chief_o insist_v upon_o be_v these_o article_n 14._o nullum_fw-la scutagium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la corpus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la redimendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenâ—â—_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la militem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la semel_fw-la nâ—â—tandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la siet_fw-la nisi_fw-la rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la 15._o simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la londinensi_fw-la &_o civitas_n londinensâ—_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quâ—â—_n per_fw-la aquas_fw-la 16._o praeterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertà tes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la conclium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la aâ—â—liis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la 17._o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la submoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_n singillatin_a per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la 18._o et_fw-la praterea_fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vice_n comites_fw-la &_o ballivos_fw-la nostrâ—_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la quadra_fw-la ginta_fw-la dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la caâ—_n same_o submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la 19_o et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la submonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundâ—â—_n consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuâ—rint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la submoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la from_o which_o ancient_a monument_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n before_o this_o charter_n of_o assess_v aid_n and_o scutage_n upon_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n without_o the_o assent_n oâ—_n the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n since_o call_v the_o parliament_n from_o do_v which_o for_o the_o future_a the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n tie_v up_o his_o own_o iâ—â—and_n unless_o iâ—_n the_o three_o case_n here_o particular_o reserve_v 2._o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o other_o member_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o thâ—â—_n council_n but_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n bâ—_n particular_a writ_n and_o all_o the_o other_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o one_o general_a summons_n by_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o greaâ—_n council_n before_o this_o time_n only_o consist_v of_o such_o earl_n greaâ—_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 211._o as_o the_o king_n by_o special_a write_v waâ—_n please_v to_o summon_v and_o this_o new_a way_n bring_v in_o a_o greateâ—_n number_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o ever_o have_v appear_v before_o so_o that_o if_o iâ—_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o you_o assert_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v no_o new_a grant_n to_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n it_o muâ—â—_n then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v sometimes_o barones_n minores_fw-la be_v then_o the_o only_a representative_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n consent_n be_v include_v in_o tâ—â—_n assent_v of_o his_o immediate_a superior_a lord_n p._n who_o presence_n be_v râ—â—quired_v in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n need_v not_o think_v be_v doubt_v and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o if_o need_v be_v several_a authority_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o pray_v observe_v further_a that_o here_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o any_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o great_a council_n unless_o you_o will_v have_v they_o include_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o all_o other_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o then_o none_o but_o such_o city_n and_o town_n who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la can_v pretend_v to_o send_v any_o member_n much_o less_o be_v there_o any_o mention_n of_o any_o knight_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o county_n which_o certain_o will_v have_v be_v particular_o provide_v for_o by_o this_o charter_n have_v they_o then_o have_v any_o place_n in_o this_o assembly_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o otherwise_o represent_v than_o by_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o rest_n of_o king_n john_n and_o most_o part_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o reign_n for_o aught_o i_o can_v yet_o discern_v for_o though_o this_o charter_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o second_o and_o nine_o year_n of_o
that_o king_n last_o mention_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regni_fw-la yet_o there_o be_v likewise_o no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o knight_n and_o citizen_n 〈◊〉_d burgess_n f._n before_o i_o answer_v this_o main_a argument_n of_o you_o which_o i_o free_o grant_v carry_v the_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n of_o any_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v give_v i_o â—â—â—ve_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o think_v you_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o your_o first_o conclusion_n that_o before_o this_o charter_n the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n of_o impose_v tax_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o parliament_n for_o if_o you_o mean_v that_o this_o exaction_n be_v exercise_v de_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o you_o will_v make_v it_o a_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n i_o grant_v this_o be_v true_a not_o only_o before_o but_o after_o this_o charter_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o if_o you_o mean_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la i_o affirm_v that_o our_o king_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v up_o by_o the_o 55th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v already_o cite_v from_o levy_v any_o unjust_a tax_n or_o exaction_n 〈◊〉_d communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o they_o can_v be_v afterward_o by_o any_o other_o subsequent_a law_n that_o can_v be_v make_v but_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o answer_v the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v from_o this_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n but_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o charter_n of_o henry_n iii_o and_o confirmation_n of_o edward_n i._o be_v the_o same_o with_o this_o in_o the_o most_o material_a part_n yet_o there_o be_v several_a clause_n of_o which_o this_o clause_n in_o question_n be_v one_o which_o be_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o yet_o be_v total_o omit_v out_o of_o both_o those_o of_o henry_n iii_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o so_o that_o let_v â—â—e_z sense_n of_o this_o place_n be_v what_o it_o will_v i_o defy_v you_o to_o show_v i_o any_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v ever_o summon_v according_a to_o this_o imaginary_a model_n of_o you_o and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n that_o parliament_n or_o council_n of_o 9_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o but_o 11_o year_n after_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v conâ—â—â—med_v mâ—t._n paris_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v tell_v we_o it_o consist_v of_o cleâ—â—_n &_o populus_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la but_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o read_v this_o clause_n according_a as_o your_o dr._n himself_o have_v print_v and_o transcribe_v it_o and_o as_o yourself_o have_v now_o read_v it_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v plain_a enough_o that_o the_o clause_n you_o insist_v on_o in_o this_o charâ—â—r_n do_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o only_o to_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o 15_o and_o 16_o clause_n of_o this_o charter_n you_o have_v now_o read_v both_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o all_o other_o city_n barâ—â—ghs_n and_o town_n have_v a_o right_a to_o have_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assessment_n of_o aid_n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o three_o case_n there_o expect_v and_o â—ay_v take_v the_o dr_n paraphrase_n to_o this_o clause_n along_o with_o you_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o complete_a history_n of_o england_n viz._n that_o they_o viz._n the_o citizen_n burgess_n â—_o and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n shall_v send_v their_o representative_n or_o commissioner_n to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assessment_n of_o aid_n so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o concession_n there_o must_v have_v be_v citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o those_o gentleman_n be_v commoner_n or_o not_o but_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v too_o much_o upon_o his_o concession_n for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a from_o the_o word_n themselves_o which_o point_n out_o a_o distinction_n between_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o clause_n which_o be_v to_o meet_v to_o grant_v or_o assess_v aid_n or_o subsidy_n and_o that_o other_o though_o not_o common_a council_n or_o assembly_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o by_o the_o 17_o the_o and_o 18_o the_o clause_n of_o that_o charter_n be_v to_o meet_v to_o assess_v escuage_z and_o to_o do_v such_o other_o business_n as_o be_v express_v in_o their_o summons_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o this_o assembly_n mention_v in_o this_o charter_n for_o assess_v escuage_z be_v a_o distinct_a council_n from_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o grant_n of_o other_o tax_n call_v auxilia_fw-la and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o law_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o gloss_n of_o you_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n very_o plausible_a and_o agreeable_a enough_o to_o the_o way_n of_o read_v and_o point_v with_o which_o the_o dr._n himself_o publish_v this_o charter_n but_o for_o all_o that_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o you_o be_v in_o the_o right_n or_o not_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v off_o this_o debate_n till_o our_o nâ—â—t_a meeting_n since_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o i_o will_v take_v time_n to_o consider_v the_o argument_n and_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o f._n pray_v take_v your_o own_o time_n but_o do_v not_o defer_v it_o above_o a_o day_n or_o two_o for_o i_o have_v a_o great_a mind_n to_o have_v this_o question_v dispatch_v off_o our_o hand_n i_o be_o your_o servant_n m._n good_a night_n sir_n finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o richard_n baldwin_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n in_o warwick-lane_n a_o brief_a disquisition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n latin_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobb_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n the_o gentleman_n journal_n or_o the_o monthly_a miscellany_n by_o way_n of_o letter_n to_o a_o gentleman_n in_o the_o country_n consist_v of_o news_n history_n philosophy_n poetry_n music_n translation_n etc._n etc._n complete_a for_o the_o year_n 1692._o print_a for_o rich._n parker_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o richard_n baldwin_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n in_o warwick_n lane_n where_o be_v to_o be_v have_v the_o single_a journals_n for_o each_o month_n or_o complete_a set_v bind_v the_o tragedy_n of_o the_o last_o age_n consider_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o by_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o all_o age_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o fleetwood_n shepherd_n edq_n a_o short_a view_n of_o tragedy_n its_o original_a excellency_n and_o corruption_n with_o some_o reflection_n on_o shakespeare_n and_o other_o practitioner_n for_o the_o stage_n both_o by_o mr._n rymer_n servant_n to_o their_o majesty_n bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n the_o second_o part._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o seven_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o and_o six_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o mr._n petut_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p._n r._n c._n 2._o dr._n brady_n answer_n thereunto_o edit_fw-la in_o folio_n b._n a._n p._n 3._o the_o say_a doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o animadversion_n upon_o mr._n atwood_n treatise_n entitle_v jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la face_n nova_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o mr._n atwood_n his_o confutatin_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v ius_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la i._o a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o seven_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n f._n you_o be_v
welcome_a sir_n but_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o come_v unreasonable_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n to_o conclude_v what_o we_o begin_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n we_o last_o discourse_v of_o that_o i_o can_v not_o be_v at_o ease_n till_o i_o have_v do_v my_o endeavour_n to_o give_v you_o satisfaction_n therein_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n that_o we_o now_o meet_v about_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o though_o this_o your_o gloss_n upon_o king_n john_n charter_n seem_v plausible_a at_o first_o sight_n nay_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n own_o way_n of_o divide_v and_o read_v the_o several_a article_n of_o this_o charter_n yet_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o can_v see_v no_o good_a reason_n for_o make_v a_o full_a or_o at_o least_o a_o half_a stop_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o article_n after_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la add_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o the_o follow_a clause_n &_o de_fw-fr seutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la etc._n etc._n much_o lest_o for_o suppose_v as_o you_o do_v without_o any_o ground_n that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o common_a council_n one_o for_o assess_v escuage_z and_o the_o other_o for_o grant_v all_o other_o aid_n and_o tax_n and_o then_o if_o read_v otherwise_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o do_v then_o both_o grant_v aid_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o assess_v escuage_z ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v from_o the_o fourteen_o clause_n here_o cite_v which_o say_v that_o no_o scutage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v impose_v unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o so-expressed_a if_o there_o be_v to_o be_v one_o council_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o aid_n and_o another_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z so_o that_o if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v grant_v aid_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o subject_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n before_o except_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o only_a council_n for_o the_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n also_o and_o consequent_o of_o conclude_v not_o only_a their_o own_o tenant_n but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o petty_a sergeanty_n and_o socage_n nay_o the_o tenant_n of_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o though_o i_o have_v serious_o consider_v mr._n p_n appendix_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v and_o dr._n b_n answer_n to_o it_o as_o also_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o see_v any_o colour_n of_o a_o argument_n for_o make_v any_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n be_v curia_n of_o his_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o they_o be_v then_o all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o you_o to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o particular_a authority_n and_o example_n which_o have_v be_v urge_v pro_fw-la and_o con_v in_o this_o question_n but_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n to_o show_v i_o that_o there_o be_v any_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n or_o other_o member_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o that_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n therein_o but_o according_a to_o their_o tenure_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o all_o feudal_n tenant_n who_o by_o the_o german_n gothic_n and_o lombard_n feudal_n law_n which_o in_o substance_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o be_v always_o summon_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n their_o supreme_a lord_n but_o far_a to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n for_o assess_v escuage_z be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v from_o liâ—tleton's_n tenor_n where_o in_o his_o second_o book_n sect._n 97._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o a_o expedition_n royal_a into_o scotland_n escuage_z shall_v be_v assess_v in_o parliament_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n in_o that_o expedition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o parliament_n do_v then_o assess_v escuage_z i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n iâ—_n this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o escuage_z be_v not_o always_o assess_v in_o parliament_n after_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o prerogative_n do_v often_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o power_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o any_o assent_n in_o parliament_n 117._o the_o dr._n have_v give_v you_o above_o a_o dozen_o example_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n john_n thus_o it_o be_v for_o aid_n and_o scutage_n service_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o scutage_n impose_v in_o parliament_n as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o sole_a grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n of_o that_o scutage_n too_o from_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o these_o in_o scutage_n service_n 121._o though_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o likewise_o appear_v by_o those_o record_v the_o dr._n have_v there_o give_v we_o f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a my_o assertion_n and_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v what_o mr._n p._n have_v in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n assert_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v stick_v to_o that_o way_n of_o read_v and_o point_v of_o this_o clause_n in_o dispute_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n manuscript_n copy_n but_o also_o to_o the_o old_a french_a copy_n publish_v by_o father_n d'achery_n in_o his_o spicilegium_fw-la vol._n 13._o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o french_a of_o thaâ—_n time_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o objection_n against_o this_o interpretation_n you_o yourself_o have_v in_o great_a part_n help_v i_o to_o do_v it_o by_o that_o true_a distinction_n you_o have_v now_o make_v between_o a_o scutage_n as_o a_o aid_n or_o tax_n and_o as_o a_o service_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o you_o assert_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la upon_o their_o under-tenant_n whereas_o the_o former_a be_v only_o grantable_a in_o parliament_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n which_o tax_n i_o affirm_v be_v always_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o impose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o before_o the_o expedition_n be_v undertake_v whereas_o scutage_n service_n consider_v as_o a_o payment_n of_o so_o much_o money_n be_v never_o due_a or_o payable_a till_o the_o expedition_n be_v end_v and_o then_o only_o upon_o such_o as_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o be_v then_o to_o be_v assess_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prerogative_n as_o you_o call_v it_o exercise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n sometime_o to_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o licence_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o such_o payment_n or_o assessment_n be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n 117._o and_o the_o express_a grant_n of_o this_o charter_n itself_o as_o be_v that_o writ_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n service_n of_o three_o mark_n on_o each_o scute_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o saber_n earl_n of_o winchester_n for_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o which_o the_o say_a earl_n may_v have_v claim_v of_o his_o tenant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o 20_o the_o article_n of_o that_o charter_n but_o for_o scutage_n tax_n littleton_n tell_v we_o lib._n 2._o sect._n 101._o that_o because_o such_o tenement_n come_v at_o first_o from_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v reason_n they_o shall_v have_v escuage_z of_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o lord_n in_o such_o case_n may_v
accepit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o common_a council_n be_v this_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o anselm_n refer_v himself_o to_o be_v it_o not_o ex_fw-la more_o by_o custom_n you_o can_v find_v in_o eadmer_n any_o summons_n to_o it_o neither_o rex_fw-la asâ—ivit_fw-la nor_o praecepâ—o_o regis_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la nor_o rex_fw-la sanctione_n suâ_fw-la adunavit_fw-la in_o short_a not_o to_o multiply_v example_n look_v where_o you_o will_v in_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a historian_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o you_o will_v still_o find_v that_o the_o person_n who_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o without_o any_o summons_n be_v the_o same_o who_o assemble_v by_o the_o king_n summons_n at_o other_o time_n that_o be_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o episcoâ—i_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la or_o call_v more_o general_o priâ—ates_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o the_o barones_n or_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o do_v at_o these_o great_a â—easts_n pro_fw-la more_o go_v to_o court_n and_o hold_v a_o solemn_a curia_n or_o great_a council_n there_o and_o that_o these_o make_v up_o the_o university_n or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v see_v what_o matt._n paris_n say_v 40._o in_o die_v pentecostes_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la loâ—dini_fw-la festum_fw-la tenens_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o serenissimum_fw-la â—unc_fw-la compositâ_fw-la per_fw-la regni_fw-la vniversitatem_fw-la eleganti_fw-la epistolâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v about_o the_o pope_n exaction_n as_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v and_o hen._n iii_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n call_v the_o same_o person_n magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o cardinal_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n he_o call_v magnates_fw-la nostri_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o former_a citation_n of_o they_o f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n may_v not_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n often_o summon_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o one_o of_o the_o say_v usual_a feast_n since_o it_o be_v so_o much_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o grant_v be_v then_o all_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n to_o meet_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o at_o the_o same_o time_n though_o the_o writer_n you_o have_v quote_v may_v not_o mention_v their_o be_v summon_v at_o all_o and_o as_o for_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n those_o of_o much_o late_a parliament_n be_v lose_v how_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v we_o shall_v now_o prove_v their_o be_v summon_v so_o many_o year_n before_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o may_v be_v so_o that_o upon_o extraordinary_a business_n 115._o and_o when_o the_o occasion_n be_v great_a and_o the_o king_n desire_v a_o great_a and_o full_a appearance_n they_o may_v also_o receive_v a_o express_a summons_n at_o those_o time_n but_o then_o i_o must_v desire_v you_o to_o show_v we_o any_o mention_n of_o a_o summons_n to_o any_o of_o these_o common_a council_n which_o when_o call_v at_o other_o time_n be_v most_o constant_o mention_v in_o this_o author_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o will_v say_v to_o those_o word_n pro_fw-la more_fw-it convenit_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o most_o general_a council_n when_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o the_o king_n court_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o king_n barones_n milites_fw-la magnates_fw-la etc._n etc._n upon_o this_o we_o will_v join_v issue_n and_o i_o affirm_v without_o bring_v proof_n which_o be_v infinite_a in_o this_o case_n that_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n do_v hold_v their_o land_n earldom_n and_o barony_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o person_n and_o that_o be_v in_o capite_fw-la william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o i_o say_v before_o divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n among_o his_o great_a follower_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o he_o make_v earl_n and_o baron_n such_o as_o he_o please_v they_o and_o their_o descendant_n hold_v upon_o the_o same_o term_n with_o the_o first_o grantor_n which_o be_v to_o find_v so_o many_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o do_v such_o and_o such_o service_n both_o title_n and_o land_n be_v forfeitable_a for_o treason_n or_o felony_n to_o the_o king_n do_v homage_n for_o they_o and_o every_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n be_v in_o those_o circumstance_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n after_o this_o manner_n other_o land_n be_v give_v to_o other_o person_n for_o mean_a service_n as_o to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n huntsman_n falconer_n cook_n chamberlain_n gouldsinlib_n bailiff_n of_o manor_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o in_o doomsday-book_n be_v call_v terrae_fw-la thanorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o sometime_o servientium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o i_o doubt_v not_o whatever_o the_o notion_n of_o petyt_n sergeanty_n now_o be_v but_o that_o original_o this_o hold_v of_o land_n be_v the_o true_a tenure_n not_o but_o present_v the_o lord_n with_o a_o bow_n a_o arrow_n a_o pair_n of_o spur_n every_o year_n etc._n etc._n may_v also_o be_v call_v petyt_n serjeanty_n though_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o the_o other_o f._n not_o to_o multiply_v word_n to_o no_o purpose_n i_o think_v your_o reply_n be_v far_o from_o be_v satisfactory_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a to_o demand_v that_o we_o shall_v now_o show_v the_o express_a summons_n to_o these_o common_a council_n which_o be_v not_o hold_v the_o more_o since_o you_o know_v that_o all_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v destroy_v and_o lose_v for_o if_o we_o can_v produce_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o difference_n between_o we_o and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n will_v quick_o be_v at_o a_o end_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o great_a council_n which_o be_v say_v express_o by_o the_o historian_n i_o have_v cite_v to_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o yet_o no_o such_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v to_o be_v find_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o good_a argument_n that_o because_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v no_o distinct_a summons_n to_o the_o great_a council_n when_o meet_v at_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o therefore_o there_o be_v none_o such_o since_o we_o find_v they_o often_o pass_v by_o much_o more_o material_a matter_n than_o this_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v for_o all_o this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v member_n of_o this_o great_a council_n since_o there_o may_v be_v in_o those_o time_n other_o baron_n or_o great_a freeholder_n who_o though_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o may_v be_v there_o as_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o else_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o those_o assembly_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o beside_o there_o be_v other_o who_o though_o they_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o great_a honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o some_o abbot_n or_o prior_n yet_o be_v man_n of_o very_o great_a estate_n and_o very_o numerous_a all_o which_o must_v otherwise_o have_v have_v their_o estate_n tax_v and_o law_n make_v for_o they_o without_z nay_o against_o the_o consent_n of_o themselves_o or_o any_o to_o represent_v they_o nor_o be_v your_o assertion_n at_o all_o true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o beside_o those_o servant_n and_o officer_n you_o last_v mention_v above_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o abbey_n and_o priory_n in_o england_n be_v not_o hold_v as_o also_o much_o other_o land_n in_o kent_n and_o other_o country_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o knight_n service_n but_o in_o libera_fw-la elecmosina_fw-la only_o or_o socage_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o consequent_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o tenant_n can_v according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n and_o far_o you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o those_o land_n you_o mention_v which_o be_v give_v out_o by_o your_o conqueror_n to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o capacitate_v they_o to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n since_o their_o tenure_n be_v only_o by_o petyt_n serjeanty_n and_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v they_o become_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n because_o such_o tenant_n
hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n must_v certain_o conclude_v that_o not_o above_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v hold_v either_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o that_o tenure_n so_o that_o if_o all_o these_o person_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o our_o great_a council_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a clamour_n in_o our_o history_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o constitution_n and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o arm_n against_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v insert_v a_o clause_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v their_o suffrage_n there_o before_o either_o by_o themselves_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v than_o that_o so_o small_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v represent_v all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o people_n of_o england_n who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v the_o quotation_n i_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o bracton_n in_o my_o last_o discourse_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o whoever_o will_v but_o consult_v that_o author_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o tenor_n will_v find_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o charge_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr tenuris_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n be_v liable_a to_o no_o other_o service_n and_o condition_n than_o what_o his_o tenure_n express_v which_o once_o perform_v the_o lord_n have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o be_v he_o lay_v any_o further_a burden_n upon_o he_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o acquital_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n against_o he_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n several_a form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o glanville_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n m._n we_o be_v not_o to_o rest_v upon_o mere_a probability_n for_o some_o thing_n that_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o unreasonable_a at_o this_o instant_n of_o time_n may_v then_o be_v very_o just_a for_o if_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v well_o enough_o content_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o then_o be_v and_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o common_a council_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v of_o any_o unreasonableness_n in_o or_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o constitution_n though_o perhaps_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o service_n acquit_v of_o all_o other_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o ordinary_a service_n as_o those_o tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n such_o as_o be_v scutage_n service_n or_o the_o attend_v upon_o their_o lord_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
you_o but_o i_o doubt_v not_o for_o all_o that_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o make_v whole_o against_o you_o and_o will_v together_o with_o those_o proof_n i_o shall_v urge_v make_v out_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o council_n i_o have_v already_o assert_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o understand_v the_o word_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la illorum_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o record_n to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o not_o be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v grant_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o then_o there_o can_v no_o more_o be_v prove_v from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v upon_o themselves_o a_o unusual_a power_n sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la as_o the_o writ_n here_o mention_n in_o those_o time_n to_o charge_v not_o only_a themselves_o but_o their_o under-tenant_n also_o and_o that_o even_o this_o be_v a_o encroachment_n appear_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr â—â—lagio_fw-it non_fw-it conâ—edendo_fw-la make_v 25_o of_o ed._n 1._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v that_o any_o talliage_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n sine_fw-la volunâ—aâ—e_n &_o â—ssenâ—â—_n archiepiscorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la burgensium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la now_o pray_v read_v my_o lord_n cook_n reason_n in_o his_o 2d_o 532._o inst._n why_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v the_o second_o cause_o say_v he_o be_v that_o the_o king_n the_o year_n before_o have_v take_v a_o talliage_n of_o all_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n whereupon_o arise_v a_o great_a murmur_a and_o discontent_a among_o the_o commons_o for_o pacify_v which_o discord_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o noble_n and_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o the_o commons_o and_o for_o a_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a law_n for_o ever_o after_o both_o in_o this_o and_o other-like_a case_n this_o act_n be_v make_v etc._n etc._n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o comment_n on_o this_o statute_n then_o a_o restitution_n general_a to_o the_o subject_n of_o all_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n as_o free_o and_o whole_o as_o at_o any_o time_n before_o in_o better_a and_o full_a manner_n than_o they_o use_v to_o have_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o that_o this_o be_v no_o general_a scutage_n or_o tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n appear_v by_o the_o writ_n itself_o so_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o person_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v who_o be_v tenant_n to_o monastery_n and_o priory_n do_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o all_o tenant_n in_o petys_n sergeanty_n and_o all_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la who_o if_o they_o have_v not_o then_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n be_v whole_o free_a from_o this_o tax_n and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o all_o tenant_n in_o fee_n socage_n whether_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n be_v whole_o exempt_a from_o this_o scutage_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o this_o assembly_n that_o give_v the_o king_n this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n be_v a_o common_a council_n only_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la charge_v themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n only_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o do_v in_o a_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la for_o if_o it_o have_v include_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o will_v certain_o have_v be_v some_o mention_n make_v how_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o do_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n shall_v be_v tax_v and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 42d_o of_o this_o king_n which_o i_o pray_v read_v rex_fw-la bar._n etc._n etc._n quia_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la com._n baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la in_o walliâ_fw-la nuper_fw-la existentium_fw-la provisum_fw-la est_fw-la levand_n quod_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la qui_fw-la servitium_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la ibidem_fw-la habeamus_fw-la scutagium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la viz._n de_fw-fr scuto_fw-la 40_o sol._n pro_fw-la exercitu_fw-la nostro_fw-la wall_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 41._o vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la quae_fw-la tenentur_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la wardia_n in_o manu_fw-la nostra_fw-la existentibus_fw-la exceptis_fw-la feod_n illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la brevia_fw-la nostra_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la scutag_n svo_fw-la babendo_fw-la lâ—vari_fw-la fac_fw-la scutag_n nostrum_fw-la from_o which_o record_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v only_o a_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v attend_v on_o the_o king_n and_o do_v their_o service_n in_o this_o welsh_a expedition_n and_o concern_v none_o else_o but_o such_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o their_o tenant_n who_o have_v fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n and_o be_v just_a such_o a_o tax_n as_o be_v express_o reserve_v by_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o you_o have_v before_o cite_v whereby_o scutage_n be_v to_o be_v assess_v by_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v thus_o meet_v and_o hold_v distinct_a council_n or_o assembly_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o scutage_n but_o also_o that_o the_o spiritual_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o sometime_o hold_v separate_a assembly_n appear_v by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 15._o of_o this_o king_n thus_o cum_fw-la peteremus_fw-la à _fw-la praelatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la auxilium_fw-la facerent_fw-la 3._o pro_fw-la magnâ_fw-la necessitate_v nostrâ_fw-la de_fw-la quâ_fw-la cis_fw-la conflabat_fw-la viz._n epis._n abbatibus_fw-la abbatissis_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o priorissi_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la liberaliter_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la auxilium_fw-la tale_n viz._n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la suorum_fw-la 40â—_n de_fw-fr tos_fw-la feodis_fw-la de_fw-la quot_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenentur_fw-la nobis_fw-la respondere_fw-la quando_fw-la nobis_fw-la faciunt_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la where_o you_o see_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n but_o the_o abbess_n and_o prioresses_n grant_v a_o scutage_n of_o 40_o â—_o upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n not_o which_o be_v hold_v of_o they_o but_o for_o which_o they_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o king_n before_o and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o these_o woman_n leave_v their_o nunnery_n and_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o such_o meeting_n yet_o they_o may_v very_o well_o do_v it_o by_o their_o oeconomy_n or_o steward_n as_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n for_o assembly_n of_o that_o nature_n but_o when_o a_o general_a tax_n or_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o style_n of_o these_o council_n run_v much_o otherwise_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o four_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o record_n that_o omnes_fw-la magâ—ates_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la grant_v de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la carucatâ_fw-la duos_fw-la solidas_fw-la 5._o now_o it_o hence_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o grant_n of_o caruage_n which_o not_o be_v a_o scutage_n service_n nor_o yet_o a_o tax_n by_o way_n of_o scutage_n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n assess_v not_o only_o upon_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n but_o upon_o each_o ploughland_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n must_v have_v be_v grant_v as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v out_o of_o bracton_n speak_v of_o this_o caruage_n de_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la totiut_a regni_fw-la for_o otherwise_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v never_o have_v charge_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n of_o which_o not_o half_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o plain_o by_o other_o record_n pray_v see_v another_o of_o the_o 16_o of_o this_o king_n in_o these_o word_n rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a devon_n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episc._n abbates_n dorso_n priores_fw-la &_o clerici_fw-la tâ—ras_fw-la habentâ—s_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la svas_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o villani_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la quadragessmam_fw-la pariem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mâ—bilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a here_o who_o make_v the_o commune_fw-la
the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o villani_n by_o another_o record_n dor_n date_v but_o two_o year_n after_o this_o of_o you_o viz._n 21_o hen._n 3._o rex_fw-la vic._n kant_n salut_fw-la sciâ—s_n cum_fw-la octavis_fw-la sancti_fw-la hillarii_n etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la convenirent_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n '_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ut_fw-la tractatum_fw-la haberent_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la nostro_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la iidem_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la &_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la tricessimam_fw-la partem_fw-la honorum_fw-la from_o this_o record_n we_o may_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o king_n writ_n be_v only_o issue_v to_o the_o archbishop_n 221._o bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n baron_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 2._o that_o in_o the_o recital_n of_o this_o tax_n the_o sheriff_n be_v tell_v first_o that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o clergy_n which_o have_v land_n not_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n a_o certain_a sign_n that_o they_o grant_v by_o themselves_o and_o out_o of_o nothing_o else_o but_o that_o and_o then_o that_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a man_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o villain_n grant_v a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o moveable_n and_o from_o this_o record_n it_o be_v also_o manifest_a these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la have_v villanos_fw-la if_o not_o bondman_n villagars_a or_o rustic_n colonos_fw-la or_o husbandman_n at_o least_o of_o who_o estate_n by_o public_a assent_n and_o for_o the_o public_a benefit_n they_o may_v in_o part_n dispose_v of_o which_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o all_o our_o record_n and_o history_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o villani_n mention_v in_o the_o other_o record_n of_o 16._o hen._n 3._o to_o have_v give_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n do_v grant_v by_o their_o lord_n that_o be_v their_z lord_n paramount_n that_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v grant_v for_o they_o though_o they_o hold_v it_o not_o immediate_o of_o they_o but_o of_o other_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o immediate_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o do_v charge_v they_o by_o public_a tax_n have_v be_v show_v from_o divers_a record_n so_o that_o it_o be_v frequent_a in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v such_o and_o such_o concesserunt_fw-la grant_v such_o a_o tax_n that_o be_v by_o those_o who_o have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o for_o they_o and_o without_o their_o consent_n too_o when_o those_o for_o who_o they_o grant_v be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n themselves_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o example_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o f._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o long_a speech_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o interpretation_n of_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la first_o then_o we_o be_v so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la have_v two_o or_o three_o different_a signification_n first_o it_o signify_v all_o the_o subject_n in_o general_a in_o the_o next_o place_n all_o vassal_n or_o feudatary_a tenant_n whatever_o whether_o of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n as_o also_o divers_a ancient_a charter_n particular_o those_o of_o king_n william_n i._n and_o maud_n the_o empress_n and_o king_n stephen_n which_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o direct_v fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglâ—_n which_o can_v mean_v tenant_n in_o 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immediate_o come_v after_o episcopi_fw-la &_o pralati_fw-la in_o
of_o honour_n fol._n 586_o 587._o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o assembly_n matt._n paris_n express_v more_o succinct_o by_o these_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitus_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la collecta_fw-la quasi_fw-la sub_fw-la numero_fw-la non_fw-la cadebit_fw-la so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v plain_a than_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v at_o this_o great_a council_n m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n before_o i_o answer_v the_o main_a of_o your_o argument_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o can_v allow_v this_o assembly_n at_o run_v mead_n to_o have_v be_v true_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o rather_o a_o rebellious_a arm_a rout_n meet_v together_o without_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n and_o indeed_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o not_o and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o assert_v that_o any_o representative_n have_v vote_n therein_o nor_o can_v you_o show_v i_o that_o any_o knight_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n be_v summon_v to_o it_o f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o that_o assembly_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o parliament_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n as_o not_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n yet_o since_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o in_o arm_n it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v reckon_v a_o common_a council_n or_o solemn_a convention_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o that_o after_o the_o most_o ancient_a manner_n since_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v there_o present_a in_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o council_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o parliament_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northamptonshire_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n in_o the_o 28_o of_o hen._n 3._o dorso_fw-la to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o permit_v any_o one_o in_o his_o bailiwick_n to_o use_v any_o liberty_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n unless_o they_o have_v former_o be_v use_v ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la de_fw-la run_v mead_n quod_fw-la fuit_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la regem_fw-la patrem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o barones_n suos_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o this_o assembly_n be_v no_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n we_o now_o take_v that_o word_n nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o more_o than_o a_o rebellious_a rout_n there_o meet_v whether_o the_o king_n will_v or_o no_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n parliament_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o this_o record_n in_o the_o sense_n we_o now_o take_v it_o since_o that_o word_n come_v not_o in_o use_n here_o instead_o of_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la 71._o &_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o colloquium_fw-la a_o conferrence_n until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o henry_n iii_o reige_n and_o do_v no_o more_o point_n out_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o it_o than_o that_o word_n do_v at_o that_o time_n and_o so_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o record_n f._n i_o think_v i_o have_v very_o good_a reason_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n accord_v to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o call_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o avoid_v call_v any_o because_o he_o utter_o refuse_v to_o grant_v this_o charter_n at_o all_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o material_a since_o they_o be_v a_o general_a and_o full_a assembly_n or_o convention_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n have_v a_o just_a right_a to_o meet_v and_o vindicate_v their_o liberty_n then_o outrageous_o oppress_v and_o tread_v under_o foot_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o own_v they_o as_o a_o lawful_a assembly_n paâ—is_n by_o send_v to_o they_o and_o appoint_v they_o to_o meet_v in_o run_v mead_n between_o staines_n and_o windsor_n on_o the_o 15_o the_o of_o june_n which_o our_o historian_n tell_v we_o they_o joyful_o obey_v so_o that_o he_o himself_o admit_v they_o to_o be_v a_o lawful_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o consequent_o for_o his_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n now_o cite_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o trouble_v myself_o 159._o whither_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o great_a council_n or_o not_o but_o however_o i_o can_v see_v how_o mr._n selden_n can_v make_v out_o that_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o or_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n for_o it_o for_o if_o under_o the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n or_o free-tenant_n of_o what_o condition_n soever_o be_v comprehend_v yet_o she_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o record_n that_o any_o way_n prove_v that_o they_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o make_v this_o charter_n but_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la here_o be_v only_o those_o who_o the_o king_n call_v liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o his_o charter_n and_o immediate_o grant_v they_o several_a relaxation_n of_o their_o rigid_a feudal_n tenor_n by_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o neither_o be_v the_o charter_n make_v by_o they_o as_o be_v before_o intimate_v though_o i_o confess_v these_o be_v the_o freeman_n which_o make_v such_o a_o cry_n for_o their_o liberty_n most_o of_o which_o be_v but_o a_o abatement_n of_o the_o rigour_n 51._o and_o a_o relaxation_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n itself_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a follower_n and_o help_v to_o augment_v the_o noise_n they_o be_v no_o lawmaker_n as_o you_o imagine_v for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n will_v permit_v man_n of_o so_o small_a reputation_n to_o share_v with_o they_o in_o law-making_a those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la always_o do_v give_v law_n and_o tax_v the_o people_n f._n suppose_v this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lawful_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o think_v i_o may_v still_o affirm_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v not_o only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o certain_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o it_o by_o draw_v it_o up_o into_o form_n and_o by_o accept_v it_o from_o the_o king_n when_o past_a under_o his_o seal_n as_o true_o as_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_n of_o king_n hen._n iii_o and_o edw._n i._o be_v call_v statute_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v to_o you_o or_o as_o much_o as_o the_o petition_n of_o right_o grant_v by_o king_n charles_n i._o be_v a_o statute_n though_o past_a under_o no_o other_o form_n nor_o be_v the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o who_o king_n john_n grant_v this_o charter_n no_o other_o than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v since_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n ii_o this_o king_n father_n the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v take_v in_o a_o much_o large_a sense_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n ordain_v by_o this_o king_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o hoveden_n history_n where_o after_o it_o be_v appoint_v what_o corcelet_n helmet_n and_o other_o arm_n every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v find_v it_o immediate_o follow_v thus_o quicuncque_fw-la libre_fw-la laicus_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o catallo_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o redditu_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 16._o marcarum_fw-la habeat_fw-la loricam_fw-la &_o cassidem_fw-la &_o clypeum_fw-la &_o lanceam_fw-la quicunque_fw-la libre_fw-la laicus_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o catello_n ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 10._o marcarum_fw-la habeas_fw-la habergellum_fw-la &_o capelet_n ferri_n &_o lanceam_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la burgenses_n &_o tota_fw-la communia_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la habeant_fw-la wambais_n &_o capelet_n fervi_fw-la &_o lanceam_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o every_o freeman_n who_o be_v worth_a in_o rent_n or_o good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 16_o mark_n be_v to_o find_v as_o much_o arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o he_o that_o possess_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n and_o the_o mean_a townsman_n and_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o freemen_n for_o so_o i_o translate_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d libeâ—orum_fw-la hominum_fw-la be_v to_o find_v a_o caplet_n or_o head_n piece_n of_o iron_n beside_o
need_n of_o insert_v any_o clause_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o reserve_v or_o confer_v any_o power_n to_o this_o common_a council_n of_o grant_v tax_n and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n because_o they_o be_v thing_n which_o at_o that_o time_n they_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o since_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o king_n john_n as_o arbitrary_a as_o he_o be_v ever_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v any_o new_a law_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o beside_o it_o be_v implicit_o reserve_v to_o they_o by_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o this_o charter_n viz._n save_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o all_o other_o etc._n etc._n the_o liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n which_o they_o have_v before_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o other_o clause_n than_o this_o because_o it_o have_v be_v not_o only_o the_o custom_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o king_n to_o lay_v tax_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o nation_n without_o the_o consent_n or_o assistance_n of_o this_o great_a council_n which_o grow_v now_o so_o great_a a_o grievance_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v content_v until_o the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n have_v renounce_v it_o f._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o trouble_v myself_o or_o you_o to_o confute_v this_o mistake_n of_o you_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n can_v legal_o raise_v tax_n upon_o all_o their_o subject_n without_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n or_o that_o they_o ever_o exercise_v such_o a_o prerogative_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o violent_a reign_n of_o the_o two_o williams_n and_o then_o if_o it_o be_v ever_o do_v it_o be_v only_o upon_o their_o english_a and_o not_o their_o norman_a subject_n the_o latter_a be_v exempt_a from_o it_o by_o the_o very_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n william_n i._o by_o your_o own_o confession_n nor_o will_v they_o i_o believe_v have_v bear_v it_o at_o his_o hand_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v 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amiss_o to_o repeat_v again_o rex_fw-la henricut_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_fw-la termis_fw-la â—â—â—iam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westmon_n praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o urge_v must_v comprehend_v some_o other_o person_n than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z otherwise_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o hold_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n and_o be_v by_o way_n of_o excellency_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n as_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o curia_n and_o court_n differ_v no_o more_o than_o a_o latin_a name_n from_o a_o english_a which_o be_v likewise_o very_a well_o confirm_v and_o explain_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o walter_n of_o civentry_n to_o be_v find_v indiver_n private_a hand_n who_o live_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n 3._o and_o speak_v of_o this_o 〈◊〉_d council_n or_o parliament_n which_o though_o it_o may_v begin_v at_o christmas_n with_o the_o curia_n yet_o it_o seem_v hold_v on_o till_o candlemass_n when_o the_o commons_o be_v join_v to_o it_o he_o 〈◊〉_d thus_o in_o purtsicatione_fw-la beatae_fw-la marlie_n convocaniur_fw-fr apuâ—_fw-la londâ—n_n proceres_fw-la angliae_fw-la ibiq_fw-la tractatu_fw-la babito_fw-la dissustere_a cum_fw-la claro_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibiâ—â—m_fw-la conuâ—cato_fw-la rex_fw-la 〈◊〉_d libertates_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesâ—â—e_fw-la quam_fw-la regni_fw-la quam_fw-la forestâ—â—_n sicut_fw-la cartie_n suae_fw-la sunt_fw-la â—â—_o confect_v now_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v whether_o by_o these_o word_n tractaâ—_n diffusure_v babino_o cum_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la etc._n etc._n put_v after_o the_o call_n of_o the_o proceres_fw-la i._n e._n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la any_o thing_n can_v be_v mean_v but_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o commons_o all_o which_o be_v join_v in_o one_o body_n make_v up_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regui_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o appear_v by_o the_o date_n of_o this_o great_a charter_n itself_o 11_o februaril_n anno_fw-la regui_fw-la nono_fw-la h._n 3._o but_o that_o the_o whole_a council_n or_o parliament_n when_o thus_o join_v be_v likewise_o call_v caria_n regis_fw-la i_o can_v prove_v by_o several_a example_n among_o which_o see_v the_o stat._n of_o mâ—â—on_n in_o 20_o hen._n 3._o beginning_n thus_o provisum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la henrico_n etc._n etc._n coram_fw-la will._n cant._n archi_n piscopo_fw-la &_o episcopis_fw-la suffraganeâ—s_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la naure_n parte_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la auglie_a ibidem_fw-la exillentium_fw-la pro_fw-la coronatione_fw-la cue_n they_fw-mi regis_n pro_fw-la quâ—_n omnes_fw-la vocati_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ita_fw-la provisum_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o câ—ncessum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—_o predictis_fw-la archiâ—pise_v epise_v commitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la now_o who_o can_v these_o alii_fw-la mean_v come_v thus_o after_o barones_n but_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v m._n i_o confess_v these_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v carry_v some_o colour_n of_o in_o argument_n but_o if_o they_o be_v look_v into_o will_v signify_v little_a to_o begin_v with_o your_o first_o quotation_n from_o matt._n pariâ—_n suppose_v i_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v a_o curia_n 〈◊〉_d more_o hold_v at_o westminster_n at_o which_o there_o then_o appear_v at_o court_n only_o a_o small_a number_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o the_o king_n not_o find_v they_o enough_o for_o the_o great_a affair_n he_o have_v then_o to_o communicate_v to_o they_o 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you_o by_o undoubted_a testimony_n but_o since_o you_o be_v now_o upon_o the_o prove_a part_n pray_v show_v i_o that_o these_o word_n i_o now_o mention_v do_v ever_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v before_o the_o time_n we_o insist_v on_o and_o i_o have_v the_o more_o reason_n to_o desire_v this_o from_o you_o because_o it_o be_v chief_o from_o the_o mistake_a application_n of_o these_o word_n that_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n have_v impose_v their_o false_a notion_n upon_o the_o world_n f._n i_o shall_v undertake_v what_o you_o desire_v and_o i_o hope_v if_o i_o can_v satisfy_v you_o the_o fault_n will_v not_o lie_v in_o my_o authority_n but_o you_o prejudices_fw-la against_o they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o let_v i_o mind_n you_o how_o far_o you_o and_o i_o agree_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n when_o i_o grant_v you_o that_o these_o word_n now_o in_o dispute_n be_v very_o equivocal_a and_o be_v often_o 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this_o day_n which_o be_v against_o your_o first_o general_a assertion_n that_o by_o these_o word_n be_v always_o understand_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baronage_n only_o but_o to_o come_v to_o my_o proof_n which_o i_o shall_v divide_v in_o two_o part_n first_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la and_o communality_n when_o come_v immediate_o after_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n or_o count_n and_o baron_n or_o proceres_fw-la in_o our_o old_a statute_n and_o record_n do_v always_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_n when_o these_o word_n come_v first_o to_o be_v general_o in_o use_n and_o so_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n as_o low_o as_o rich._n ii_o and_o if_o i_o can_v show_v you_o that_o these_o word_n so_o put_v always_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o that_o time_n i_o think_v you_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v satisfy_v that_o these_o be_v never_o once_o upon_o a_o time_n such_o a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o great_a council_n as_o you_o suppose_v yet_o none_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n or_o statute_n shall_v ever_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o it_o till_o these_o modern_a antiquary_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la 16._o pray_v remember_v the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 48th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o i_o mention_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n viz._n the_o â—orâ—_n of_o the_o peaâ—e_n between_o this_o king_n p._n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la pacis_fw-la à _fw-la dom._n râ—ge_n &_o dom._n edw._n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la praelatis_fw-la proceribus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communiter_fw-la &_o concorditer_fw-la approbata_fw-la now_o pray_v what_o can_v these_o word_n communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v a_o gross_a tautology_n and_o pray_v compare_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n now_o mention_v with_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n when_o your_o dr._n grant_v the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o see_v if_o there_o be_v any_o change_n in_o the_o term_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n â—_o it_o be_v the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n dâ—rsâ—_n wherein_o after_o other_o recital_n it_o follow_v thus_o cumque_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la dictorum_fw-la variâ—s_fw-la hoc_fw-la annâ—_n â—â—cerinâ—_fw-la prastationes_fw-la ad_fw-la defensi_fw-la nâ—m_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o therefore_o command_v the_o say_a sheriff_n quod_fw-la danbus_fw-la militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la comitaâ—â—s_fw-la praefaâ—o_fw-la parliamento_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v pay_v their_o reasonable_a expense_n de_fw-fr communitate_fw-la comitatus_fw-la praedicti_fw-la for_o go_v to_o and_o stay_v at_o and_o return_v from_o the_o say_a parliament_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o communitates_fw-la in_o this_o writ_n can_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_a unless_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v perform_v these_o varias_fw-la praesâ—aâ—iones_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n and_o that_o none_o but_o they_o then_o contribute_v to_o these_o expense_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n otherwise_o these_o word_n must_v plain_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o king_n edward_n i._n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o a_o few_o other_o record_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n 16._o concern_v the_o word_n la_fw-fr câ—mmunâ—_n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o they_o be_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 51st_o of_o this_o king_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n &_o des_fw-fr counâ—s_n &_o des_fw-fr baron_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o all_o his_o company_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n the_o king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o say_a count_n &_o baron_n &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o city_n of_o london_n all_o manner_n of_o rancour_n and_o ill_a will._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o these_o act_n of_o pardon_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n of_o the_o 49th_o now_o cite_v since_o they_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o count_n &_o baron_n and_o so_o must_v needs_o signify_v a_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v here_o signify_v the_o commâ—ns_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o word_n communitates_fw-la comitatus_fw-la shall_v signify_v the_o community_n or_o commons_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n m._n will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o question_n present_o because_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v very_o material_a before_o you_o proceed_v far_o there_o may_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o good_a reason_n be_v give_v 1._o why_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la may_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o yet_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_n in_o the_o writ_n for_o expense_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v as_o first_o because_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v different_a in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n from_o that_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n the_o one_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o communitas_fw-la comitatus_fw-la only_o call_v also_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la and_o then_o i_o grant_v when_o thus_o use_v it_o always_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a and_o there_o may_v
be_v likewise_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n give_v why_o this_o great_a change_n may_v have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o great_a council_n and_o yet_o no_o change_n of_o phrase_n or_o expression_n may_v be_v make_v in_o our_o record_n and_o statute_n nor_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o by_o our_o historian_n which_o be_v because_o the_o first_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o and_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o the_o change_n be_v imperceivable_a at_o first_o there_o be_v still_o man_n of_o the_o same_o order_n appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o those_o tenant_n the_o difference_n be_v only_o in_o the_o number_n viz._n two_o for_o a_o whole_a county_n whereas_o before_o all_o the_o chief_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la come_v in_o person_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n because_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o expense_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v there_o be_v no_o such_o clause_n as_o be_v in_o the_o follow_a writ_n of_o like_a nature_n prout_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la consimili_fw-la fieri_fw-la conâ—uevit_fw-la which_o show_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o new_a thing_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o have_v their_o expense_n allow_v they_o that_o be_v the_o first_o time_n of_o their_o meeting_n in_o parliament_n f._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o say_v be_v very_o plausible_a be_v there_o any_o colour_n of_o a_o proof_n bring_v by_o you_o for_o it_o but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o further_o that_o your_o distinction_n between_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o communitas_fw-la comitatus_fw-la signify_v nothing_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v that_o this_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v not_o the_o representative_a of_o the_o communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o writ_n and_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o person_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n or_o order_n for_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o say_v no_o more_o than_o that_o these_o knight_n shall_v be_v de_fw-fr legalioribus_fw-la &_o peritioribus_fw-la militibus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la without_o limit_v they_o to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o as_o for_o your_o reason_n why_o these_o great_a alteration_n may_v be_v make_v in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o it_o be_v altogether_o false_a and_o precarious_a for_o you_o have_v not_o yet_o nor_o can_v i_o believe_v give_v i_o any_o sufficient_a authority_n beside_o the_o drs._n bare_a assertion_n that_o ever_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v capable_a of_o be_v elect_v knight_n of_o shire_n or_o that_o none_o but_o such_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v the_o elector_n and_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o confute_v the_o vanity_n of_o that_o assertion_n at_o our_o last_o meeting_n 425._o when_o i_o show_v you_o the_o false_a interpretation_n you_o give_v of_o those_o statute_n of_o seven_o of_o hen._n iu._n and_o 10_o of_o hen._n vi_o whereby_o you_o will_v have_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v some_o alteration_n thereby_o make_v as_o to_o the_o elector_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n at_o the_o county_n court_n whereas_o indeed_o before_o those_o statute_n all_o person_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n and_o of_o howsoever_o small_a a_o estate_n of_o freehold_n who_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v elector_n and_o consequent_o of_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o other_o to_o be_v knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o that_o those_o who_o be_v not_o such_o tenant_n be_v frequent_o choose_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o richard_n the_o second_o i_o can_v bring_v sufficient_a proof_n be_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o insist_v upon_o a_o thing_n so_o certain_a but_o i_o shall_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o same_o word_n viz._n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la or_o la_fw-fr communalie_n be_v use_v in_o many_o of_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n to_o signify_v the_o commons_o i_o come_v therefore_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o i_o pray_v in_o the_o first_o place_n remember_v what_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n concern_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o make_v in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o this_o king_n tottle_n beginning_z thus_o in_o french_a per_fw-la l'assentement_fw-fr des_fw-fr archesques_n evesques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr la_fw-fr communality_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr illonques_fw-la summone_n now_o every_o one_o know_v that_o communality_n be_v but_o french_a for_o the_o latin_a communitas_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o first_o writ_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o except_o that_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o now_o mention_v de_fw-la expensis_fw-la militum_fw-la be_v of_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o this_o king_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersetshire_n to_o levy_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o knight_n for_o that_o county_n who_o have_v serve_v in_o the_o last_o parliament_n le_v communitate_fw-la comitatus_fw-la praedicti_fw-la dorso_fw-la i._n e._n of_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o say_a county_n in_o general_n the_o same_o clause_n be_v also_o in_o the_o writ_n which_o be_v then_o issue_v for_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o serve_v in_o this_o parliament_n which_o be_v also_o to_o be_v levy_v de_fw-la communitate_fw-la civitatis_fw-la vel_fw-la burgi_n 9_o which_o sure_o must_v mean_v the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o all_o those_o city_n and_o burrough_n there_o mention_v for_o the_o record_n be_v eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la majoribus_fw-la &_o ballivis_n pro_fw-la burgensibus_fw-la subscriptis_fw-la and_o which_o be_v also_o more_o remarkable_a these_o writ_n contain_v this_o clause_n that_o the_o say_v knight_n and_o burgess_n shall_v have_v their_o expense_n allow_v pro_fw-la veniendo_fw-la manendo_fw-la &_o redeundo_fw-la a_o parliamento_fw-la praedicto_fw-la prout_fw-la alius_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la consimili_fw-la sieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la which_o word_n relate_v to_o a_o former_a custom_n not_o then_o new_o begin_v as_o this_o word_n consuevit_fw-la in_o a_o legal_a sense_n still_o import_v must_v needs_o relate_v to_o some_o time_n much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o this_o king_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v but_o 26_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a but_o 10_o year_n before_o this_o 28_o the_o of_o edw._n the_o first_o in_o which_o time_n there_o be_v not_o above_o thirty_o parliament_n call_v if_o so_o many_o and_o further_o that_o the_o word_n commonalty_n signify_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n appear_v by_o the_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n the_o year_n be_v uncertain_a entitle_v consuetudines_fw-la canâ—iae_fw-la which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o french_a in_o tottle_n collection_n the_o title_n of_o they_o be_v thus_o ceux_fw-fr sonâ—_n les_fw-fr usage_n les_fw-fr queax_n la_fw-fr communality_n de_fw-fr kent_n clayment_n avoir_fw-fr en_fw-fr tenement_n de_fw-fr gavel-kind_a now_o every_o body_n who_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o geval-kind_a know_v also_o it_o be_v general_o a_o socage_n tenure_n there_o be_v but_o little_a of_o it_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o consequent_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o land_n who_o be_v then_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o county_n be_v here_o call_v la_o communality_n de_fw-fr kent_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o pardon_n for_o the_o death_n of_o pierce_n gaveston_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o of_o this_o king_n collection_n which_o be_v grant_v per_n nous_fw-fr i._n e._n the_o king_n himself_o per_fw-la archievesques_n euâ—sques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o la_fw-fr commonalty_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr rolaume_n illonques_fw-la assemble_v so_o also_o in_o the_o latin_a record_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o act_n of_o pardon_n grant_v in_o parliament_n 17._o in_o the_o 12_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n consentientibus_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o prâ—ceribus_fw-la &_o communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o york_n of_o the_o same_o year_n write_v in_o french_a 96._o be_v recite_v to_o have_v be_v make_v per_fw-la assent_n des_fw-fr preâ—us_n count_n baron_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la du_fw-fr royalme_n illonques_fw-la assemblez_fw-fr where_o you_o see_v that_o the_o latin_a word_n communitas_fw-la and_o the_o french_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la signify_v the_o same_o order_n of_o man_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o i_o can_v give_v you_o these_o remarkable_a example_n of_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v in_o the_o first_o of_o this_o king_n 8._o andrew_n de_fw-fr haâ—iford_n a_o principal_a
citizen_n of_o london_n be_v the_o assensu_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la pardon_v all_o homicide_n 29._o the_o very_a like_o word_n be_v also_o use_v in_o the_o same_o roll_n in_o the_o act_n of_o pardon_n grant_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n i_o shall_v trouble_v you_o but_o with_o one_o more_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n but_o it_o be_v so_o remarkable_a i_o can_v omit_v it_o of_o the_o 34_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o old_a edition_n of_o statute_n print_v in_o french_a the_o title_n begin_v thus_o ceux_fw-fr sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queux_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr prelate_n signior_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la ount_n ordain_v &_o establéâ—s_v to_o conclude_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o the_o like_a expression_n be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 5_o the_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o where_o the_o statute_n begin_v thus_o 21._o pur_fw-mi commune_fw-la prosit_fw-la du_fw-fr royalme_n d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr cient_a faiâ—es_fw-fr per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr prelate_n signior_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr royalme_a esteante_n en_fw-fr cest_fw-fr parliament_n from_o the_o title_n to_o which_o two_o last_a statute_n i_o pray_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v not_o only_o use_v for_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o fâ—rmer_a king_n reign_v but_o also_o that_o these_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o joint_n assent_v of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n be_v recite_v concordiae_fw-la sive_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la factae_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assâ—â—su_fw-la regis_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o i_o give_v you_o to_o show_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la always_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n viz._n the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v different_a from_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o i_o will_v be_v glad_a if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o understand_v aâ—_n along_o before_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o only_a m._n though_o i_o grant_v that_o these_o word_n you_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o therefore_o you_o need_v not_o to_o have_v take_v the_o paâ—ns_n to_o have_v go_v beyond_o that_o time_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o very_o good_a authority_n that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o grant_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o french_a though_o put_v after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n do_v not_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o general_a but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o or_o at_o least_o the_o community_n of_o all_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o but_o for_o proof_n of_o thiâ—_n i_o pray_v peruâ—e_v this_o writ_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n rex_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la 1._o abbatibus_fw-la priotibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliâ—s_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la cantiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quâ—d_fw-la cum_fw-la pâ—â—mo_fw-la die_v junii_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la decimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o caeteri_fw-la magnâ—tes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la concorditer_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la se_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesse_n unt_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la in_o dicto_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la mariâ—andam_fw-la etc._n etc._n cujus_fw-la quidem_fw-la auxilii_fw-la levationi_fw-la faciendae_fw-la pro_fw-la dictae_fw-la communitatis_fw-la aisimento_fw-la hucusque_fw-la supersedimus_fw-la gratioâ—è_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o this_o record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o such_o as_o pâ—id_v scutage_n that_o be_v forty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o the_o tota_fw-la regni_fw-la communitas_fw-la and_o no_o other_o and_o of_o these_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v and_o pay_v it_o first_o for_o themselves_o and_o tenant_n and_o then_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n precept_n pay_v it_o to_o they_o again_o for_o so_o many_o fee_n as_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o so_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v raise_v whole_o upon_o knight_n fee_n must_v be_v grant_v only_o by_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o further_a that_o the_o communalte_n de_fw-fr royaume_n the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v still_o so_o continue_v as_o above_o mention_v till_o almost_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o reign_n be_v as_o clear_o prove_v by_o this_o record_n of_o that_o king_n rex_fw-la dilectis_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la â—uis_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la wygorniae_fw-la â—homae_fw-la bâ—ttâ—ler_fw-fr de_fw-fr upton_n supeâ—â—abrinam_fw-la 37._o militi_fw-la &_o thomae_fw-la cassy_n de_fw-fr wych_n salutem_fw-la â—â—â—atis_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la lunae_fw-la proximo_fw-la post_fw-la vestum_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la virgin_n proximo_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la tento_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o magnates_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n pâ—o_fw-la se_fw-la &_o to_o a_o communita_fw-la e_fw-la ejaâ—dem_fw-la regni_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesseâ—unt_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-la singulâ—s_fw-la â—eodiâ—_n militum_fw-la in_o diâ—â—â—_n regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o england_n in_o this_o record_n be_v military_a man_n such_o as_o hold_v knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n and_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n and_o they_o be_v neither_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n or_o freeholders_n nor_o the_o multitude_n nor_o rabble_n f._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o argument_n from_o these_o record_n as_o you_o â—ut_v they_o lest_o i_o forget_v what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o to_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o relate_v to_o a_o tax_n give_v in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o recite_v a_o aid_n of_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v give_v by_o the_o bishop_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o magnates_n or_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o full_a parliament_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n thereof_o to_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n and_o which_o subsidy_n he_o have_v defer_v to_o levy_v till_o now_o and_o therefore_o because_o this_o be_v a_o tax_n grant_v only_o upon_o knight_n fee_n that_o those_o only_o who_o pay_v this_o scutage_n be_v then_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v no_o argument_n at_o all_o since_o from_o this_o we_o may_v plain_o collect_v the_o clean_a contrary_n for_o if_o none_o have_v be_v to_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n but_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o the_o king_n will_v have_v have_v no_o need_n to_o have_v have_v it_o grant_v in_o parliament_n since_o by_o the_o 14_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o knight_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o elder_a daughter_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n and_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v to_o prove_v it_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v also_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n have_v make_v their_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n have_v contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n which_o yet_o you_o see_v they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n must_v needs_o extend_v to_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o for_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v as_o in_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o then_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o â—ota_fw-la
communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la can_v mean_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o viz._n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v grant_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n only_o who_o say_v you_o represent_v the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o then_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v this_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o at_o this_o rate_n no_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v pay_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o tax_n nor_o yet_o the_o king_n tenant_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o castle_n or_o honour_n nor_o last_o any_o tenant_n in_o socage_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o kent_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o county_n as_o mr._n taylour_n prove_v in_o his_o history_n of_o gauâ—l-kâ—nd_a so_o that_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o under_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n have_v be_v then_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o community_n have_v not_o consist_v of_o above_o one_o half_a or_o at_o most_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o in_o my_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o will_v be_v no_o difficulty_n at_o all_o for_o these_o magnate_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v as_o i_o have_v proveâ—_n they_o often_o be_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n than_o these_o word_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o party_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n who_o all_o contribute_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n daughter_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a estate_n and_o though_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n have_v be_v otherwise_o in_o this_o place_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v contradict_v my_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o do_v not_o aver_v always_o to_o signify_v the_o commons_o but_o when_o it_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o it_o do_v not_o in_o this_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o this_o can_v be_v since_o the_o record_n say_v express_o that_o this_o aid_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o can_v only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v who_o you_o know_v do_v at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n f._n this_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o know_v or_o else_o not_o consider_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reckon_a estate_n and_o consequent_o of_o tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n not_o only_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a but_o socage_n tenure_n also_o faciendis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 26_o of_o hen._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o close_a roll_n be_v both_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n for_o word_n which_o i_o give_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n yet_o since_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v they_o pray_v read_v they_o again_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a northampton_n saluâ—em_v praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la faâ—ies_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it possint_fw-la sistentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la siâ—ut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sus_fw-la diligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno._n regni_n nostr_n xxv_o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la â—iâ—ri_fw-la faciant_fw-la where_o you_o may_v note_n that_o all_o man_n who_o hold_v the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n either_o by_o military_a or_o socage_n tenure_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v knight_n provide_v they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o reckon_a and_o tax_v estate_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n that_o be_v at_o 20â—_n per_fw-la an._n be_v then_o common_o use_v but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o objection_n that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o that_o which_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v you_o that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la use_v in_o your_o record_n be_v there_o to_o be_v understand_v restrictive_o and_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n viz._n the_o community_n of_o freeholders_n or_o land-holders_n of_o the_o who_o kingdom_n only_o since_o this_o tax_n be_v whole_o upon_o land_n the_o commons_o of_o city_n and_o burrough_n then_o call_v communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o buâ—gorum_n who_o estate_n lay_v in_o money_n or_o good_n can_v not_o be_v tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o if_o we_o have_v the_o record_n of_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n now_o leave_v we_o which_o be_v lose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o also_o contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o make_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n a_o knight_n as_o for_o your_o record_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o edw._n iii_o it_o be_v but_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o this_o of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o the_o same_o answer_n will_v serve_v for_o both_o only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o whereas_o you_o have_v often_o assert_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v only_o signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la now_o you_o fall_v a_o peg_n low_a and_o it_o must_v at_o last_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n well_o then_o you_o gâ—ant_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o far_o that_o it_o must_v mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o pâ—ay_o see_v this_o very_a record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n 173._o which_o be_v long_o i_o shaâ—l_v trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o than_o what_o make_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n intend_v to_o make_v his_o son_n prince_z edward_z a_o knight_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o appoint_v what_o aid_n they_o will_v grant_v the_o king_n towards_o it_o and_o than_o it_o follow_v thus_o that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o as_o also_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n being_n mer_o treat_v together_o with_o deliberation_n upon_o this_o matter_n consider_v that_o a_o aid_n be_v due_a to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n beside_o the_o burden_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o scotch_a war_n at_o lengh_n they_o unanimous_o domino_fw-la regni_fw-la concâ—ssâ—runt_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la sâ—_n &_o â—â—tâ_fw-la communitate_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la â—ricesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la bunâ—â—um_fw-la suorum_fw-la â—â—mporalium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la for_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n and_o towards_o his_o expense_n of_o his_o war_n in_o scotland_n aâ—d_v then_o the_o cives_fw-la &_o â—u_n genses_fw-la civet_fw-la â—â—um_fw-la ac_fw-la burgorum_n â—c_z caeteri_fw-la de_fw-fr dominiâ—s_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la congregati_fw-la treat_v about_o the_o premise_n and_o consider_v the_o burden_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n not_o mention_v any_o aid_n for_o make_v his_o â—on_n knight_n as_o not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knights-fee_n oâ—_n service_n and_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o liable_a to_o it_o dâ—mino_fw-la râ—gâ—_n un_fw-fr inimitie_n ob_fw-la cauâ—as_fw-la supra_fw-la dictas_fw-la concâ—sserunt_fw-la vic._n simâ—m_fw-la pariem_fw-la bono_fw-mi 〈…〉_z mobilium_fw-la here_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n consult_v together_o and_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o
good_n and_o the_o citizen_n burgess_n and_o tenant_n of_o the_o king_n demeasâ—s_n which_o weâ—e_v likewise_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v a_o twenty_o part_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v of_o the_o community_n they_o have_v â—aid_v a_o thirty_o part_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n and_o therefore_o 〈◊〉_d most_o certain_a that_o even_o at_o this_o time_n viz._n the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n they_o weâ—e_v not_o take_v to_o be_v part_n of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o câ—pite_fw-la serjeanty_n or_o at_o least_o the_o military_a man_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n be_v only_o such_o f._n as_o to_o this_o last_o record_n you_o have_v cite_v i_o need_v give_v you_o no_o other_o answer_n to_o it_o than_o a_o like_a writ_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o the_o â—â—ctor_n himself_o have_v also_o give_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o read_v you_o at_o large_a 37._o together_o with_o his_o learned_a comment_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v for_o the_o collect_v of_o this_o twenty_o and_o thirty_o part_n grant_v in_o the_o thirty_o four_o you_o have_v now_o mention_v tâ—e_v writ_n run_v this_o militibus_fw-la libeâ—is_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o â—oti_fw-la communitati_fw-la comitatus_fw-la middlesex_n tum_fw-la inâ—ra_fw-la libertaâ—â—s_fw-la quam_fw-la â—xtra_fw-la sâ—lutem_fw-la cum_fw-la archiâ—piâ—coâ—i_fw-la episâ—â—pi_n abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barâ—nes_fw-la milites_fw-la labâ—ri_fw-la homines_fw-la ac_fw-la communitâ—tâ—s_fw-la coâ—itatuum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la tricesimâ—m_fw-la â—m_n â—um_fw-la boâ—orum_fw-la suorum_fw-la tâ—mporâ—lium_fw-la mâ—bilium_fw-la ciuâ—sque_fw-la &_o burgenâ—â—s_n ac_fw-la communitaâ—â—s_fw-la omnium_fw-la civitâ—â—â—m_fw-la &_o burgorum_n ejusdâ—m_fw-la regâ—i_fw-la 〈◊〉_d tenentes_fw-la de_fw-fr dominion_n nosâ—â—is_fw-la vicesimâ—m_fw-la bonorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la mobilium_fw-la curiâ—liter_fw-la concessâ—runt_fw-la &_o gratantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o lest_o we_o shall_v happen_v to_o mistake_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n thâ—_n doctor_n himself_o have_v furnish_v we_o with_o this_o learned_a comment_n upon_o they_o as_o follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v say_v in_o this_o record_n that_o the_o archbishop_n 34._o bishop_n earls_z baron_n abbot_n prior_n knight_n and_o freeman_n and_o community_n of_o county_n give_v a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o good_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o member_n and_o sit_v in_o this_o parliament_n and_o so_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o city_n and_o burgh_n that_o the_o citizen_n burgess_n and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burgh_n give_v a_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o there_o but_o these_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o the_o knight_n and_o freemen_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n and_o that_o the_o community_n of_o county_n and_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o community_n of_o city_n and_o burgh_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n 1._o as_o be_v most_o clear_a from_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o lincolnshire_n and_o so_o consequent_o for_o the_o rest_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v tell_v i_o whether_o there_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a record_n against_o the_o doctor_n opinion_n than_o this_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n who_o be_v these_o knight_n freemen_n and_o commons_o who_o grant_v this_o 26_o the_o and_o 30_o the_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n in_o the_o 34_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n but_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n the_o lawful_a representative_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o general_n as_o well_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o by_o inferior_a military_a service_n as_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o any_o other_o tenure_n or_o who_o be_v these_o representative_n but_o man_n choose_v out_o of_o all_o sort_n aâ—_n well_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v as_o you_o have_v not_o do_v hitherto_o that_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burough_n in_o england_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n at_o least_o be_v choose_v either_o for_o county_n or_o city_n and_o though_o i_o find_v your_o doctor_n have_v a_o utter_a aversion_n to_o the_o word_n commons_o and_o therefore_o will_v needs_o translate_v the_o word_n communitates_fw-la by_o community_n and_o not_o commons_o yet_o if_o you_o be_v to_o render_v those_o word_n the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n city_n and_o burough_n into_o our_o law-latin_a i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o other_o word_n you_o can_v make_v use_n of_o but_o these_o in_o this_o record_n viz._n communitaâ—es_o 〈◊〉_d civiâ—atum_n &_o burgâ—rum_fw-la so_o that_o to_o conclude_v if_o in_o the_o 28_o 34_o and_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_z the_o first_o aâ—l_v the_o commons_o give_v by_o the_o same_o represâ—ntatâ—ves_n as_o they_o do_v now_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o do_v so_o too_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n before_o that_o time_n and_o pray_v take_v notice_n also_o that_o here_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demeâ—n_n give_v likewise_o by_o themselves_o and_o can_v not_o be_v charge_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o therefore_o as_o mr._n lâ—mbard_n in_o his_o archeâ—on_n very_o well_o observe_v this_o prescription_n of_o not_o be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o county_n must_v be_v very_o ancient_a siâ—ce_n theâ—e_n be_v no_o land_n at_o that_o time_n reckon_v as_o ancient_n demesne_n which_o have_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o â—rown_n before_o the_o make_n of_o doomsday_n book_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v the_o constant_a use_n of_o the_o word_n communitâ—s_n and_o 〈◊〉_d common_a come_v after_o comiâ—es_n and_o barones_n to_o express_v the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n will_v weigh_v much_o with_o i_o have_v i_o not_o good_a reason_n to_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n now_o take_v before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o from_o which_o time_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v discontinue_v â—till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o for_o which_o i_o can_v give_v you_o very_o good_a proof_n when_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v show_v i_o by_o any_o record_n or_o statute_n that_o there_o be_v any_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n summon_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n i_o allow_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o mention_n of_o commons_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n in_o any_o old_a statute_n before_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v time_n and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la which_o i_o grant_v be_v ofâ—en_o use_v to_o express_v the_o commons_o after_o that_o time_n yourself_o own_o they_o be_v equivocal_a and_o therefore_o when_o put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o instance_n you_o have_v give_v may_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o be_v the_o only_a representative_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o those_o day_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o inclineâ—_n to_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o have_v search_v the_o old_a statute_n very_o exact_o and_o can_v find_v any_o mention_n of_o the_o word_n commons_o in_o the_o plural_a much_o less_o of_o knight_n citizens_z or_o burgess_n till_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d tallagio_n nâ—n_v concedâ—â—do_v make_v in_o the_o 34_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o wherein_o i_o grant_v they_o be_v express_o mention_v and_o as_o for_o writ_n of_o summons_n you_o can_v produce_v none_o till_o the_o 23_o d._n of_o this_o king_n to_o summon_v they_o to_o parliament_n though_o i_o shall_v show_v one_o by_o and_o by_o that_o the_o doctor_n have_v find_v out_o of_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o whereby_o he_o prove_v they_o be_v then_o summon_v after_o about_o twenty-six_o year_n discontinuance_n therefore_o pray_v show_v i_o if_o you_o can_v by_o any_o sufficient_a proof_n that_o they_o be_v there_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o reign_n except_o once_o or_o in_o edward_n the_o 1_o st_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o f._n i_o confess_v your_o doctor_n have_v not_o only_o excee_v all_o other_o man_n but_o himself_o too_o in_o this_o rare_a discovery_n for_o whereas_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n petyâ—'s_n book_n he_o be_v content_a to_o follow_v sir_n william_n dugdale_n and_o make_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v first_o summon_v to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o to_o have_v commence_v by_o mâ—â—ford's_n rebellion_n and_o so_o to_o have_v still_o
continue_v on_o now_o the_o doctor_n upon_o second_o thought_n in_o â—is_n edition_n in_o folio_n will_v have_v they_o never_o to_o be_v summon_v any_o more_o than_o that_o once_o because_o forsooth_o he_o can_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o such_o express_a word_n as_o that_o he_o can_v evade_v they_o by_o say_v the_o sense_n be_v equivocal_a and_o if_o the_o commons_o not_o be_v express_o mention_v in_o our_o statute_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o prove_v they_o not_o to_o have_v be_v there_o be_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n lose_v as_o well_o after_o as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o 23â—_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o you_o may_v as_o well_o have_v face_v we_o down_o that_o there_o be_v none_o in_o all_o that_o time_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la you_o now_o mention_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o statute_n call_v articuli_fw-la super_fw-la charâ—â—s_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v only_o mention_v in_o this_o statute_n and_o yet_o certain_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o at_o this_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o expense_n i_o but_o now_o mention_v and_o sure_a their_o assent_n be_v give_v to_o it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a in_o many_o other_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n communitâ—s_n or_o commonalty_n ever_o mention_v above_o twice_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n viz._n in_o that_o of_o westminster_n the_o first_o and_o that_o against_o bear_v of_o arm_n neither_o be_v the_o word_n commons_o to_o be_v find_v above_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o in_o the_o statute_n make_v at_o lincoln_n in_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o this_o king_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n the_o count_n baron_n and_o other_o grands_fw-fr of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o these_o general_a word_n do_v comprehend_v the_o commons_o in_o those_o time_n you_o grant_v they_o be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o any_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o same_o word_n may_v not_o as_o well_o comprehend_v they_o long_o before_o and_o if_o the_o bare_a omission_n of_o the_o distinct_a order_n or_o state_n of_o man_n that_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o any_o statute_n and_o the_o different_a pen_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o prove_v they_o have_v no_o hand_n in_o it_o i_o doubt_v two_o part_n in_o three_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o edward_z the_o first_o will_v have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o consent_n either_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o lord_n since_o in_o most_o of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o either_o and_o that_o what_o i_o say_v be_v true_a pray_v at_o your_o leisure_n peruse_v these_o statute_n follow_v viz._n de_fw-fr districtionâ—_n scacarti_fw-la of_o the_o 51_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o with_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n as_o also_o that_o of_o actoâ—_n burnel_n make_v in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n i._o that_o of_o winchester_n make_v in_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o this_o king_n that_o of_o merchant_n in_o the_o same_o year_n as_o also_o those_o of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la and_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la and_o see_v if_o you_o can_v find_v any_o mention_n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o in_o they_o but_o to_o come_v to_o direct_v proof_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o word_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o express_o mention_v in_o our_o old_a statute_n yet_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o other_o word_n of_o a_o much_o more_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o they_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o reign_n for_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o old_a manuscript_n as_o well_o as_o print_v copy_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v first_o grant_v in_o the_o second_o year_n and_o again_o confirm_v in_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o both_o which_o conclude_v thus_o pro_fw-la hac_fw-la autem_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o concessione_n archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la dedâ—iunâ—_n quintâ—m_fw-la decimam_fw-la paâ—tem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la now_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v more_o express_a than_o this_o clause_n viz._n that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o inferior_a order_n viz._n the_o knight_n and_o freeholder_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n give_v this_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n at_o both_o those_o parliament_n in_o which_o this_o charter_n be_v first_o make_v and_o afterward_o confirm_v m._n i_o confess_v this_o authority_n look_v very_o plausible_a at_o first_o but_o if_o it_o be_v strict_o look_v into_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v prove_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o as_o to_o your_o interpretation_n of_o these_o word_n i_o do_v not_o allow_v it_o for_o reason_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o dispute_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o i_o do_v not_o take_v to_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o you_o make_v it_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n make_v in_o the_o 2d_o and_o again_o confirm_v in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o yet_o you_o have_v already_o have_v my_o thought_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v henry_n the_o three_o viz._n that_o this_o which_o we_o now_o have_v be_v not_o proper_o he_o but_o his_o son_n edw._n i._o since_o it_o conclude_v this_o his_o testibus_fw-la bonifacio-cantuariâ—nâ—is_a archiâ—piâ—copo_n e._n londinensi_fw-la episcopo_fw-la etc._n etc._n anno._n regninostri_a scil._n henrici_fw-la 3._o nono_fw-la whereas_o this_o bonifac_o here_o mention_v be_v not_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n before_o the_o 27._o hen._n iii_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o one_o who_o name_n begin_v with_o e._n bishop_n of_o london_n during_o the_o time_n that_o boniface_n hold_v the_o see_v of_o cantâ—rbuâ—y_n f._n i_o be_o very_o glad_a you_o have_v make_v these_o objection_n against_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v from_o your_o friend_n the_o dr._n be_v a_o mere_a evasion_n against_o the_o charter_n itself_o i_o think_v you_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v my_o convert_n in_o the_o first_o place_n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o confirm_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o charter_n itself_o i_o therefore_o free_o grant_v that_o the_o original_a of_o this_o charter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o statute_n roll_v in_o the_o tâ—ner_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v of_o it_o on_o record_n except_o this_o confirmation_n of_o it_o by_o a_o charter_n of_o impeximus_fw-la of_o edw._n i._o the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o be_v as_o you_o have_v now_o give_v and_o i_o think_v there_o can_v be_v a_o great_a pâ—oof_n of_o the_o careless_a keep_n or_o voluntary_a imâ—ezlement_n of_o the_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n of_o the_o kingdom_n than_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o great_a charter_n which_o certain_o must_v have_v be_v enrol_v at_o the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v as_o well_o as_o every_o common_a grant_v make_v by_o the_o king_n to_o ordinary_a person_n of_o market_n and_o pair_n since_o we_o find_v copy_n of_o it_o still_o extant_a in_o the_o ancient_a annal_n of_o divers_a monastery_n where_o they_o be_v former_o keep_v deinâ—_n as_o in_o particular_a in_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o barton_n publish_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o ancient_a english_a writer_n late_o print_v at_o oxford_n which_o full_o answer_v your_o objection_n for_o instead_o of_o boniface_n it_o be_v there_o witness_v by_o s._n archibis_n cant._n i_o e._n stephen_n langton_n who_o be_v then_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n near_o 20_o year_n before_o boniface_n there_o be_v also_o a_o &c._n &c._n after_o the_o name_n of_o this_o archbishop_n and_o the_o same_o charter_n be_v likewise_o recite_v word_n for_o word_n with_o the_o former_a and_o have_v the_o same_o conclusion_n concern_v the_o grant_n of_o this_o 15_o by_o all_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o walter_n hemingford_n publish_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n gâ—â—e_v in_o his_o 2d_o volume_n of_o english_a historian_n 1687._o only_o it_o have_v no_o witness_n name_n
at_o the_o end_n but_o the_o king_n himself_o teâ—â—e_o meipso_fw-la and_o far_o both_o agree_v in_o all_o thing_n material_a with_o four_o ancient_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v in_o minority_n one_o of_o which_o be_v in_o the_o cuttonian_a library_n a_o second_o be_v late_o in_o possession_n of_o sam_n baldwin_n sergeant_n at_o law_n a_o three_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n cook_n esq_n chief_a prothonotary_n of_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o a_o four_o be_v at_o this_o present_a with_o mr._n peryt_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n which_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v but_o to_o put_v this_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o fair_a original_a of_o this_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v belong_v to_o bâ—â—â—ail_v abbey_n and_o be_v now_o to_o 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charter_n viz._n omnes_fw-la de_fw-fr râ—gon_n those_o who_o give_v or_o grant_v this_o subsidy_n be_v member_n of_o that_o parliament_n if_o you_o wiâ—â—_n understand_v it_o so_o and_o according_a to_o the_o literal_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n than_o omâ—es_v de_fw-fr râ—gnâ—_n 126._o as_o well_o those_o thâ—t_n have_v estate_n in_o land_n as_o those_o that_o have_v not_o all_o copy_n holder_n all_o tradesman_n all_o bondman_n and_o villain_n of_o which_o there_o be_v great_a store_n in_o those_o day_n and_o all_o servant_n be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o so_o then_o i_o will_v willing_o understand_v where_o â—ll_a these_o people_n shall_v meet_v how_o their_o council_n shoulâ—_n be_v manage_v and_o how_o it_o be_v possible_a in_o such_o meeting_n i_o any_o such_o there_o can_v be_v to_o prevent_v the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a the_o meaning_n then_o of_o the_o word_n must_v be_v that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z â—arâ—_n baron_n knight_n free-tenant_n and_o all_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o the_o king_n subjects_n dederunt_fw-la that_o be_v pay_v a_o fifteen_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n to_o the_o king_n for_o his_o grant_v these_o charter_n not_o that_o they_o themselves_o give_v or_o grant_v this_o subsidy_n and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n pay_v the_o fifteen_o part_n because_o one_o way_n or_o other_o little_a or_o much_o they_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o they_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o mat._n paris_n who_o you_o now_o quote_v make_v it_o very_o apparent_a who_o be_v the_o constituent_a â—orts_n of_o this_o parliament_n for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o observe_v the_o man_n to_o who_o the_o chief_a justice_n propose_v this_o fifteen_o and_o those_o who_o consult_v about_o the_o king_n demand_n and_o those_o that_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o they_o and_o also_o grant_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o the_o movable_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n as_o laiâ—s_n oâ—_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v only_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n abbot_n prior_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v the_o only_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n as_o they_o be_v also_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o merâ—on_n in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n whither_o say_v mâ—t._n paris_n consummato_fw-la cum_fw-la gaudio_fw-la nuptiali_fw-la convivio_fw-la rex_fw-la recedens_fw-la a_o londoniâ—s_fw-la venis_fw-la mereroâ—â—m_fw-la ut_fw-la ibi_fw-la revocati_fw-la magnaies_n unà â—um_fw-la rege_fw-la de_fw-la regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la eâ—ntractarent_fw-la f._n i_o think_v i_o can_v as_o easy_o answer_v this_o small_a objection_n against_o on_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n pray_v do_v i_o affirm_v that_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o or_o the_o contrary_a therefore_o you_o do_v ill_a to_o put_v a_o sense_n upon_o i_o which_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v of_o but_o pray_v tell_v who_o ever_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v literal_o or_o that_o all_o those_o person_n who_o you_o here_o give_v we_o a_o beadroll_n of_o can_v all_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o person_n or_o have_v all_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o this_o clause_n be_v true_a in_o a_o legal_a though_o not_o in_o a_o literal_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n grant_v this_o 15_o viz._n that_o the_o prelate_n and_o temporal_a lord_n in_o their_o proper_a person_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o respective_a representative_n grant_v this_o fifteen_o i_o hope_v it_o be_v a_o good_a rule_n in_o your_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o our_o common_a law_n that_o he_o who_o give_v or_o grant_v any_o thing_n by_o his_o sufficient_a proxy_n or_o representative_a be_v say_v to_o perform_v it_o by_o 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and_o confirm_v i_o shall_v be_v glad_a if_o you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n so_o that_o i_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n to_o consider_v when_o the_o charter_n say_v express_o that_o all_o the_o person_n therein_o mention_v give_v a_o fifteen_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o a_o manifest_a wrest_n of_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n dederunt_fw-la to_o render_v it_o they_o pay_v for_o at_o this_o rate_n a_o man_n may_v make_v word_n signify_v just_a what_o he_o please_v but_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n be_v the_o best_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o ancient_a annal_n of_o waverly-abby_n publish_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n i_o last_o mention_v under_o the_o year_n 1225._o have_v give_v we_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o grant_v thâ—se_a charter_n 9_o hen._n iii_o recite_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a
out_o and_o which_o may_v also_o take_v in_o the_o representatives_n of_o city_n and_o town_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o by_o the_o barones_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o since_o they_o together_o with_o the_o great_a lord_n make_v the_o chief_a figure_n in_o the_o government_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o he_o to_o over-flip_a the_o particular_a mention_n of_o other_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o comprehend_v they_o with_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n under_o the_o general_a phrase_n of_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v but_o i_o always_o think_v that_o the_o conciseness_n of_o historian_n be_v to_o be_v explain_v by_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n and_o not_o that_o their_o express_a word_n shall_v be_v interpret_v by_o the_o concise_a phrase_n and_o expression_n of_o historian_n and_o if_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o general_a how_o can_v this_o be_v without_o a_o notorious_a tautology_n since_o if_o it_o be_v as_o you_o say_v that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n comprehend_v all_o the_o great_a nobility_n and_o the_o milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la all_o the_o lesser_a or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o make_v then_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n if_o so_o what_o can_v these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o so_o many_o idle_a word_n without_o any_o sense_n or_o meaning_n but_o it_o will_v be_v now_o more_o easy_a to_o answer_v your_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la which_o you_o will_v needs_o have_v to_o signify_v only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o show_v you_o the_o drs._n prevarication_n on_o these_o word_n for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersetshire_n though_o i_o confess_v these_o word_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la yet_o the_o dr._n have_v in_o his_o glossary_a conceal_a the_o word_n that_o follow_v which_o plain_o restrain_v they_o to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o under_a tenant_n by_o military_a service_n but_o if_o you_o please_v but_o to_o turn_v to_o the_o writ_n which_o he_o have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n numb_a 14._o you_o will_v find_v first_o that_o this_o writ_n recite_v that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v grant_v the_o king_n a_o aid_n to_o two_o mark_n on_o every_o knights-fee_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la second_o that_o at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la the_o sheriff_n shall_v distrain_v omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eye_v tenent_fw-la per_fw-la sâ—rvitium_fw-la militare_fw-la who_o be_v likewise_o to_o pay_v the_o king_n the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o plain_o see_v that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o general_a tax_n grant_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o under_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v chargeable_a with_o it_o which_o if_o give_v with_o their_o consent_n must_v have_v be_v do_v in_o full_a parliament_n and_o in_o which_o they_o have_v representative_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n and_o if_o without_o their_o consent_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o law_n but_o you_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o this_o writ_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o this_o writ_n which_o order_v the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenete_n qui_fw-la de_fw-fr ci_fw-fr tenent_fw-la pâ—rservitium_fw-la militare_fw-la but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o write_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussâ—x_n which_o as_o you_o say_v true_o relate_v to_o the_o former_a to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersetshire_n it_o sufficient_o interpret_v those_o general_a word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la râ—gno_n and_o express_o restrain_v they_o to_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la who_o in_o a_o council_n of_o themselves_o alone_o grant_v this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o only_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v which_o whether_o it_o be_v according_a to_o law_n or_o not_o we_o shall_v inquire_v by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v to_o your_o next_o record_n of_o the_o 4â—th_n of_o hen._n iii_o which_o recite_v a_o extraordinary_a service_n and_o aid_n do_v by_o the_o prelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la lib_n re_fw-mi tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la now_o that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o service_n perform_v or_o a_o aid_n give_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o word_n subsidium_fw-la may_v teach_v you_o which_o be_v never_o grant_v otherwise_o then_o by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o parliament_n but_o let_v we_o first_o consider_v the_o substance_n of_o this_o record_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o the_o king_n declaration_n or_o a_o right_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n in_o general_a or_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o what_o they_o have_v late_o perform_v in_o articulo_fw-la necâ—ssitatis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la non_fw-la sibi_fw-la cedat_fw-la in_o prajulicium_fw-la nâ—c_fw-la ad_fw-la posterum_fw-la traâ—atur_fw-la in_o consuerudimen_fw-la vel_fw-la consequentiam_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la bujus_fw-la modi_fw-la serviâ—ium_fw-la compellentur_fw-la which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o record_n now_o see_v the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v grant_v which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o another_o record_n of_o the_o same_o year_n dorso_fw-la and_o on_o the_o roll_n and_o to_o which_o this_o rcord_n you_o cite_v relate_v which_o be_v a_o general_a summons_n direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_a militibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o vniversae_fw-la communitati_fw-la comitatus_fw-la lincolniae_fw-la command_v they_o all_o even_o the_o citizen_n and_o townsman_n immediate_o to_o appear_v with_o such_o arm_n as_o be_v there_o express_v and_o be_v proper_a for_o each_o man_n estate_n and_o condition_n for_o the_o common_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o stranger_n then_o ready_a to_o invade_v it_o and_o this_o record_n also_o say_v eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la caeteris_fw-la vicecomitibus_a angliae_fw-la now_o since_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o writ_n of_o summons_n by_o which_o this_o service_n and_o aid_n be_v perform_v that_o not_o only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o can_v any_o body_n but_o one_o who_o will_v take_v thing_n by_o half_n suppose_v that_o by_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la there_o mention_v and_o who_o must_v certain_o be_v the_o same_o party_n intend_v in_o the_o drs._n own_o record_n viz._n all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v be_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v altogether_o when_o they_o have_v be_v according_a to_o our_o sense_n all_o particular_o name_v before_o but_o that_o by_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la can_v be_v here_o mean_v only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la dorso_fw-la but_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v prove_v by_o another_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o be_v the_o very_a writ_n i_o give_v you_o before_o wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o villani_n together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la have_v give_v a_o 30_o of_o their_o movable_n in_o consideration_n of_o which_o this_o writ_n conclude_v thus_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o vobis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la quod_fw-la tam_fw-la charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la de_fw-fr foresla_n quam_fw-la alia_fw-la charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la de_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la quas_fw-la eye_n &_o vobis_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la teneantur_fw-la so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o by_o these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n unless_o you_o will_v allow_v none_o to_o have_v have_v any_o share_n in_o these_o charter_n or_o to_o have_v receive_v any_o benefit_n by_o they_o but_o the_o drs._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o which_o sure_o you_o
to_o the_o like_a exaction_n of_o his_o son_n hâ—n_o the_o three_o which_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o writer_n as_o horrible_a and_o illegal_a oppression_n nay_o be_v own_a to_o be_v so_o by_o this_o king_n frequent_a confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o breach_n of_o they_o and_o promise_v to_o observe_v they_o better_o for_o the_o future_a but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v your_o doctor_n who_o you_o follow_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n as_o also_o in_o his_o complete_a history_n still_o to_o cite_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n nay_o the_o very_a perjury_n for_o â—lowers_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o as_o for_o the_o authority_n you_o urge_v for_o this_o king_n talliate_v his_o demesne_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o this_o talliage_n be_v not_o general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o can_v only_o concern_v his_o own_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a and_o none_o else_o who_o be_v always_o exempt_v from_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o yield_v the_o king_n a_o reasonable_a talliage_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la whensoever_o he_o need_v it_o yet_o this_o be_v count_v rather_o a_o privilege_n than_o otherwise_o since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o all_o other_o burden_n and_o parliamentary_a attendance_n but_o be_v also_o tax_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tilling_n the_o king_n land_n but_o when_o this_o reasonable_a prerogative_n grow_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o exaction_n levy_v upon_o they_o become_v intolerable_a than_o they_o will_v no_o long_o suffer_v it_o but_o get_v it_o take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la after_o which_o we_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n frequent_o give_v their_o share_n of_o aide_n and_o subsidy_n in_o parliament_n by_o delegate_n of_o their_o own_o as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o aâ—_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n it_o be_v never_o take_v for_o part_n of_o the_o king_n demean_n and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o doom_n day_n book_n but_o as_o appear_v by_o record_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o tax_v then_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o make_v the_o londoner_n deny_v to_o be_v otherwise_o talliate_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o have_v this_o exaction_n first_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o exorbitant_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o this_o be_v afterward_o trump_v again_o upon_o they_o in_o all_o the_o ill_a part_n of_o his_o son_n government_n because_o his_o father_n have_v do_v it_o before_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o shipmoney_n have_v pass_v unquestioned_a and_o be_v as_o often_o pay_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o but_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o but_o as_o for_o your_o last_o authority_n of_o the_o 33_o d._n of_o edward_n the_o first_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o estate_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a as_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n either_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_v and_o which_o for_o all_o that_o still_o keep_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o be_v talliate_v by_o the_o king_n as_o their_z under_z tenant_n be_v by_o they_o to_o enable_v the_o lord_n to_o pay_v the_o king_n talliage_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o understand_v these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la i._n e._n of_o which_o they_o be_v in_o tenancy_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v the_o record_n call_v they_o dominica_n sua_fw-la as_o it_o do_v the_o king_n demesn_n that_o follow_v so_o that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v a_o tax_n upon_o all_o under_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o you_o suppose_v sinâ—e_v their_o estate_n be_v never_o call_v antiqua_fw-la dominica_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v after_o all_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o legal_a precedent_n that_o our_o king_n claim_v a_o right_n under_o colour_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o whole_a nation_n de_fw-fr alto_n &_o â—â—sso_fw-la at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v it_o long_o with_o you_o whether_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o ancient_o a_o power_n of_o tax_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o aver_v that_o when_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v make_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v tax_n and_o make_v law_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n also_o nor_o be_v this_o at_o all_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o thus_o hold_v estate_n by_o mesne_n tenure_n under_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o 171._o since_o we_o see_v in_o scotland_n that_o at_o this_o day_n none_o sit_v there_o either_o as_o commissioner_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o the_o royal_a burough_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o ancient_o before_o the_o law_n for_o excuse_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o free_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o send_v commissioner_n of_o shire_n in_o their_o stead_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o statuâ—e_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o k._n jam._n 1._o a._n dom._n 1420_o it_o consist_v all_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la viz._n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la râ—ge_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n in_o the_o latin_a title_n to_o divers_a of_o those_o statute_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o slenes_n collection_n of_o scotch_a law_n now_o if_o this_o law_n do_v ancient_o and_o do_v still_o prevail_v in_o scotland_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o have_v be_v so_o ancient_o in_o englâ—nd_n also_o especial_o since_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a reason_n to_o back_o this_o opinion_n m._n i_o will_v answer_v your_o argument_n from_o scotland_n by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o why_o i_o think_v it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o england_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o 2_o lie_v because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n be_v apparent_a since_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o if_o a_o man_n in_o those_o time_n purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n of_o a_o lord_n or_o any_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o certain_o thousand_o do_v to_o be_v hold_v either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o socage_n that_o such_o a_o tenant_n shall_v lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n in_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n for_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n however_o exorbitant_a those_o tax_n be_v or_o inconvenient_a those_o law_n may_v prove_v the_o lord_n be_v no_o representative_a of_o his_o own_o choice_n or_o appointment_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n i_o can_v prove_v by_o two_o very_a sufficient_a authority_n the_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o this_o earl_n and_o bishop_n helâ—_n their_o county_n palatine_n in_o capite_fw-la immediate_o of_o the_o king_n nor_o have_v those_o county_n any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n till_o long_o after_o that_o they_o have_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n grant_v they_o by_o particular_a statute_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n now_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o county-palatines_a shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o all_o act_n
he_o and_o tax_v he_o as_o he_o please_v then_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o king_n as_o supreme_a lord_n over_o all_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a power_n over_o they_o of_o make_v what_o law_n for_o they_o and_o impose_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n and_o so_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o since_o upon_o your_o hypothesis_n the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v any_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o but_o if_o neither_o the_o wardship_n marriage_n nor_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v give_v the_o king_n such_o a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la much_o less_o can_v they_o attain_v the_o like_a right_n over_o all_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o that_o will_v have_v give_v they_o a_o great_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n then_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v over_o they_o therefore_o if_o those_o great_a tie_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v neither_o give_v the_o king_n nor_o yet_o any_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la power_n over_o the_o estate_n or_o liberty_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n much_o less_o over_o their_o tenant_n by_o socage_n tenure_n who_o be_v not_o under_o this_o subjection_n and_o far_o if_o a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n alone_o in_o some_o case_n can_v have_v give_v the_o lord_n a_o power_n of_o make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o his_o tenant_n in_o socage_n than_o they_o shall_v have_v keep_v that_o right_n by_o this_o rule_n since_o all_o lord_n have_v a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n even_o upon_o their_o tenant_n in_o socage_n in_o some_o case_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o take_v away_o knight_n service_n and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v be_v it_o worth_a while_n as_o to_o scotland_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v that_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n no_o other_o representative_n in_o their_o parliament_n but_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o not_o ancient_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n since_o i_o find_v the_o very_a same_o word_n and_o phrase_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o title_n of_o their_o old_a statute_n as_o also_o in_o their_o record_n to_o express_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o be_v use_v in_o england_n to_o express_v those_o of_o england_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o dunferling_n pray_v see_v the_o old_a charter_n of_o king_n malcolm_n iii_o and_o david_n i._o as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 2d_o vol._n in_o mr._n dugdales_n monâ—st_n angliâ—_n and_o you_o will_v see_v the_o former_a to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regni_n clero_fw-la adquie_n cent_n que_fw-fr populo_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o as_o i_o shall_v also_o show_v you_o from_o sir_n john_n skin_n collection_n of_o scotish_n law_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o ancient_a there_o extant_a 7._o viz._n a_o assize_n or_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n sir_n named_z the_o lion_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1105._o in_o the_o five_o of_o our_o hen._n i._n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o it_o be_v there_o express_v that_o the_o epiâ—copi_n abbates_n comites_fw-la barones_n thani_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la tenere_fw-la firmiter_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la so_o likewise_o king_n alexander_n ii_o who_o begin_v to_o reign_v anno._n 1214._o which_o be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o our_o king_n john_n 2._o and_o he_o make_v his_o law_n de_fw-fr confilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la venerabilium_fw-la patrum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbâ—tum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o who_o these_o be_v may_v also_o far_o appear_v by_o the_o begin_n of_o certain_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o say_a king_n alexander_n in_o the_o same_o year_n which_o begin_v thus_o statuit_fw-la rex_fw-la per_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v next_o produce_v the_o title_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v the_o 13_o of_o rob._n i._n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1306._o the_o 3d._n of_o our_o edward_n i._o 29._o in_o dei_fw-la nomine_fw-la amen_o roberâ—us_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svo_fw-la decimo_fw-la tertio_fw-la die_v dominica_n proxima_fw-la etc._n etc._n habito_fw-la solenni_fw-la tractatiâ—_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la ibidem_fw-la congregatis_fw-la and_o which_o title_n conclude_v thus_o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o exprâ—sso_fw-la conâ—ensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentium_fw-la predictorum_fw-la ac_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la predicte_n ordinavit_fw-la condidit_fw-la etc._n etc._n statuta_fw-la infra_fw-la scripta_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n call_v scoto-chronicon_a former_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n learned_a and_o honourable_a arthur_n earl_n of_o anglesey_n and_o now_o in_o the_o herald_n office_n you_o will_v find_v the_o entail_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n robert_n anno._n dom._n 1315._o in_o a_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n as_o well_o clergy_n as_o laity_n which_o as_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o who_o live_v within_o sixty_o year_n after_o be_v hold_v 24._o dominica_n proxima_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la congregati_fw-la apud_fw-la aere_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la parochiali_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la laici_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la archidiaconi_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la diaceni_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la laici_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o in_o england_n more_o comprehensive_a than_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o that_o our_o english_a record_n also_o agree_v with_o these_o scotch_a statute_n you_o may_v see_v by_o 2_o record_n which_o mr._n pryn_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o history_n of_o papal_a usurpation_n out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o edw._n i._n it_o be_v a_o letter_n to_o eric_n king_n of_o norway_n 4._o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o his_o granddaughter_n then_o heiress_n of_o scotland_n and_o norway_n recite_v that_o the_o custodes_fw-la scil._n regni_fw-la scotlae_fw-la magnates_fw-la praelati_fw-la ac_fw-la tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la predicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la unanimi_fw-la &_o expresso_fw-la consensu_fw-la have_v agree_v to_o the_o say_a marriage_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o letter_n of_o this_o king_n edward_n about_o the_o same_o marriage_n â—_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v by_o his_o procurator_n therein_o name_v treat_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o custodibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o it_o present_o follow_v ac_fw-la praedicti_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la now_o who_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v put_v here_o distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o noble_n but_o the_o commons_o of_o that_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o king_n robert_n i._o there_o be_v a_o letter_n send_v from_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o pope_n 1320._o complain_v against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o manuscript_n and_o be_v also_o print_v by_o dr._n burnet_n 10._o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la agree_v to_o this_o letter_n and_o that_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n be_v at_o that_o time_n part_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o this_o king_n robert_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o our_o edw._n i._n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o roll_n of_o this_o year_n 83._o still_o extant_a in_o the_o tower_n which_o league_n be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v in_o their_o parliament_n by_o king_n john_n de_fw-fr bayliol_n ac_fw-la praelatos_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la vniversitates_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o villarum_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o in_o scotland_n the_o city_n
french_a peasant_n at_o this_o day_n and_o so_o be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n all_o freedom_n consist_v then_o in_o so_o much_o freehold_a land_n hold_v in_o a_o man_n be_v own_o right_a or_o be_v freeman_n of_o some_o city_n or_o burrough_n town_n and_o this_o give_v we_o a_o reason_n why_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a and_o all_o our_o law_n book_n allow_v it_o that_o at_o the_o first_o all_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v hold_v by_o villeinage_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o at_o first_o the_o villani_n or_o tiller_n of_o the_o demefnes_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o town_n there_o be_v at_o first_o no_o freehold_n less_o than_o that_o of_o a_o whole_a township_n since_o a_o manor_n and_o therefore_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n though_o freeman_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o have_v vote_n at_o this_o day_n because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o freedom_n ancient_o consist_v in_o the_o inheritance_n or_o freehold_n estate_n of_o land_n or_o in_o riches_n in_o trade_n or_o traffic_n lease_n for_o life_n and_o year_n be_v not_o know_v or_o at_o least_o not_o common_o in_o use_n in_o those_o day_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o estate_n of_o freehold_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a parcel_n all_o freeholders_n till_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n iu._n and_o vi_o which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v be_v as_o much_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o the_o best_a and_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n till_o it_o be_v reduce_v by_o those_o statute_n to_o 40_o s._n freehold_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la these_o freeholder_n and_o burgess_n of_o town_n be_v ancient_o look_v upon_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o only_a freeman_n and_o it_o be_v these_o freeholder_n alone_o who_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o be_v amerce_v if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v this_o be_v premise_v and_o sufficient_o understand_v will_v give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n why_o copyholder_n and_o lease-holders_n for_o year_n do_v not_o give_v any_o vote_n at_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o yet_o the_o parliament_n may_v still_o continue_v the_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o be_v of_o all_o the_o roman_n though_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o liberti_n and_o in_o inqui_fw-la lini_fw-la who_o sure_o be_v freeman_n and_o not_o slave_n and_o yet_o have_v no_o vote_n in_o they_o comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la or_o general_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n but_o that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la must_v take_v in_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o doctor_n himself_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o confess_v in_o his_o glossary_n notwithstanding_o his_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a in_o the_o body_n of_o his_o book_n viz._n that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la p._n &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o their_o retinue_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n also_o and_o who_o he_o there_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v then_o the_o only_a man_n of_o honour_n faith_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o may_v certain_o have_v be_v choose_v knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o any_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o this_o be_v but_o argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la for_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v not_o the_o only_a man_n of_o faith_n and_o honour_n in_o those_o time_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o king_n tenant_n in_o peâ—yt_n serjeantry_n and_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o his_o tenant_n in_o socage_n beside_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n and_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o be_v very_o numerous_a be_v man_n of_o as_o much_o faith_n and_o honour_n as_o those_o that_o do_v since_o many_o of_o they_o possess_v as_o good_a if_o not_o better_a estate_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z so_o that_o you_o be_v certain_o mistake_v in_o matter_n of_o fact_n when_o you_o say_v the_o whole_a force_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n lie_v in_o their_o hand_n for_o if_o you_o mean_v legal_a force_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v no_o legal_a right_n to_o give_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n who_o be_v altogether_o as_o free_a as_o themselves_o servitiis_fw-la suis_fw-la debitis_fw-la solummodo_a exceptis_fw-la as_o bracton_n tell_v we_o much_o less_o for_o so_o great_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o i_o now_o mention_v who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o upon_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n be_v ever_o represent_v by_o they_o but_o if_o you_o mean_v a_o physical_a strength_n or_o force_n though_o this_o can_v give_v no_o natural_a much_o less_o legal_a right_n for_o one_o man_n to_o lord_n it_o over_o another_o yet_o even_o this_o be_v much_o far_o from_o truth_n since_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o military_a service_n as_o in_o socage_n together_o with_o those_o above_o mention_v who_o never_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o make_v six_o time_n a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n both_o for_o number_n as_o well_o as_o estate_n than_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v together_o but_o to_o conclude_v neither_o be_v your_o remark_n upon_o my_o authority_n from_o gheller_n and_o durham_n at_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o county_n palatine_n be_v not_o at_o first_o conclude_v within_o the_o general_a law_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o have_v their_o particular_a council_n for_o both_o within_o themselves_o as_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n sufficient_o declare_v and_o certain_o durham_n have_v the_o like_a privilege_n since_o i_o never_o hear_v that_o the_o man_n in_o that_o county_n be_v more_o slave_n to_o their_o bishop_n than_o the_o cheshire_n man_n to_o their_o earl_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o confuse_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n vi_o there_o be_v a_o great_a breach_n make_v on_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o these_o two_o county_n palatine_n and_o if_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n make_v law_n for_o and_o levy_v tax_n upon_o they_o though_o they_o have_v no_o representative_n therein_o this_o proceed_v partly_o from_o their_o be_v overpower_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o ease_n they_o find_v in_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n which_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o that_o time_n liable_a to_o and_o which_o come_v to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n four_o shilling_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la be_v in_o those_o day_n more_o than_o forty_o shilling_n now_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v at_o last_o they_o be_v aware_a of_o their_o error_n and_o at_o their_o request_n get_v the_o privilege_n of_o have_v representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o this_o have_v not_o be_v a_o certain_a right_n of_o english_a subject_n how_o come_v the_o welsh_a county_n which_o be_v ancient_o no_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v admit_v to_o choose_v one_o knight_n for_o each_o county_n and_o burgess_n for_o each_o burrough_n town_n as_o well_o in_o north_n wales_n as_o south_n wales_n though_o both_o these_o be_v conquer_a country_n at_o the_o first_o and_o incorporate_v to_o england_n by_o particular_a statute_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o bracton_n and_o fortescue_n assertion_n that_o no_o law_n be_v make_v nor_o tax_n impose_v in_o england_n 84._o sine_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la â—uius_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o as_o the_o latter_a true_o add_v in_o parliamento_fw-la and_o certain_o this_o word_n common_a assent_n must_v take_v in_o all_o their_o assent_n who_o have_v estate_n either_o in_o land_n or_o other_o riches_n at_o that_o time_n when_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v but_o leave_v this_o dispute_n about_o scotland_n and_o the_o county_n palatine_n pray_v make_v a_o end_n for_o it_o grow_v late_o and_o give_v i_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o reason_n
why_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n m._n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o do_v it_o and_o for_o this_o end_n shall_v reduce_v my_o argument_n to_o these_o three_o head_n the_o first_o be_v some_o writ_n find_v out_o and_o produce_v by_o the_o doctor_n whereby_o he_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o summon_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 49th_o second_o the_o general_a silence_n of_o all_o statute_n in_o hâ—n_n iii_o reign_n wherein_o be_v not_o one_o word_n mention_v of_o the_o commons_o but_o rather_o to_o the_o contrary_a three_o the_o critical_a time_n viz._n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o call_v during_o monsfords_n rebellion_n four_a their_o discontinuance_n from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nor_o yet_o of_o ed._n i._n till_o the_o 18_o in_o which_o the_o doctor_n show_v you_o a_o writ_n not_o take_v notice_n of_o before_o by_o which_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v a_o new_a to_o parliament_n last_o from_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n whether_o for_o one_o knight_n or_o two_o knight_n and_o sometime_o no_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o all_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v the_o novelty_n of_o the_o institution_n as_o also_o of_o some_o parliamentary_a form_n relate_v to_o the_o commons_o which_o show_v that_o neither_o their_o number_n nor_o manner_n of_o election_n be_v settle_v long_o after_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n to_o begin_v therefore_o with_o the_o first_o head_n i_o know_v the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n about_o the_o loss_n or_o rather_o defect_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o all_o the_o king_n till_o the_o 23d_o or_o 25_o of_o edw._n i._n so_o that_o we_o can_v be_v so_o well_o assure_v what_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n as_o we_o may_v be_v afterward_o yet_o there_o be_v still_o some_o writ_n of_o summons_n extant_a upon_o the_o close_a roll_n before_o and_o in_o those_o time_n dein_fw-ge by_o which_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n and_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorseâ—_n of_o which_o ancient_o most_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o commons_o in_o other_o king_n reign_n be_v enter_v few_o on_o the_o patent_n roll_n which_o we_o have_v likewise_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o strange_a if_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o summon_v to_o parliament_n as_o at_o this_o day_n that_o there_o can_v be_v find_v any_o summons_n to_o they_o upon_o these_o roll_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v for_o our_o satisfaction_n find_v out_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o lord_n one_o in_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o two_o other_o of_o hen_n iii_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n 6_o of_o king_n john_n direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n dor_n which_o be_v needless_a here_o to_o be_v repeat_v verbatim_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o material_a word_n of_o this_o writ_n where_o after_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o summon_v particular_o express_v it_o conclude_v thus_o expedit_fw-la habere_fw-la vestrum_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la terrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quos_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la ilium_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocari_fw-la dor_n the_o second_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 26_o hen._n iii_o direct_v to_o w._n archbishop_n of_o york_n wherein_o he_o be_v likewise_o summon_v ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la quos_fw-la similiter_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocaâ—i_fw-la de_fw-la arduis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la statum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la specialiter_fw-la tangentibus_fw-la with_o this_o note_n underneath_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o 38th_o of_o the_o same_o king_n direct_v to_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 93._o whereby_o he_o be_v summon_v to_o be_v at_o westminster_n within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o hillary_n next_o come_v before_o the_o queen_n and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwail_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o gascony_n and_o this_o very_a council_n mat._n paris_n anno._n dom._n 1254._o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o all_o the_o magnate_v or_o great_a man_n of_o england_n come_v together_o the_o day_n of_o which_o meeting_n he_o make_v to_o have_v be_v the_o 6_o of_o the_o calends_o of_o february_n be_v st._n iulian_n day_n and_o which_o fall_v one_o within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o st._n hillary_n day_n which_o be_v that_o appoint_v for_o the_o meeting_n of_o this_o parliament_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a writ_n of_o summons_n and_o who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n may_v be_v be_v far_o make_v out_o by_o a_o letter_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o earl_n richard_n to_o the_o king_n then_o in_o gascony_n 50._o which_o be_v recite_v by_o mat._n paris_n in_o his_o additament_n in_o these_o word_n domino_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n regina_fw-la &_o richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la recipimus_fw-la literas_fw-la vestras_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n domini_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o crastino_n sancti_fw-la hillarii_n convocaremus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o member_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o universal_a silence_n concern_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n as_o you_o and_o those_o of_o your_o party_n suppose_v from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n most_o of_o which_o though_o i_o confess_v be_v lose_v yet_o there_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o satisfy_v any_o reasonable_a person_n that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v f._n you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o better_a demonstration_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_n and_o writ_n of_o summons_n than_o what_o you_o now_o offer_v for_o if_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorse_n of_o which_o you_o tell_v i_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n use_v to_o be_v enter_v then_o certain_o those_o to_o the_o lord_n be_v there_o enter_v also_o and_o if_o so_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o above_o eighty_o year_n time_n in_o which_o there_o must_v be_v above_o eighty_o parliament_n you_o can_v show_v i_o but_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o those_o only_a to_o as_o many_o bishop_n and_o to_o no_o temporal_a lord_n at_o all_o if_o so_o be_v these_o be_v parliament_n and_o not_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o as_o i_o rather_o believe_v they_o be_v for_o you_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o you_o doctor_n credit_n when_o you_o allege_v that_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o i_o have_v have_v a_o friend_n who_o have_v give_v i_o a_o note_n of_o what_o close_a roll_n be_v still_o extant_a in_o those_o reign_v and_o what_o be_v lose_v which_o you_o may_v here_o see_v to_o begin_v with_o king_n john_n pray_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v go_v and_o so_o they_o be_v in_o the_o 9th_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 13_o for_o certain_o there_o be_v some_o in_o those_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o succeed_a year_n in_o the_o next_o place_n till_o the_o 18_o there_o be_v but_o one_o roll_n leave_v of_o each_o year_n but_o then_o there_o be_v three_o and_o after_o that_o but_o one_o or_o two_o in_o a_o year_n to_o the_o very_a end_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o there_o be_v not_o more_o than_o one_o roll_n in_o every_o precedent_a year_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 15_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v more_o entire_a than_o those_o of_o king_n john_n there_o be_v some_o leave_v we_o of_o every_o year_n but_o the_o 23d_o yet_o they_o be_v but_o
writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o summon_v two_o knight_n de_fw-fr legalioribus_fw-la &_o discretoribus_fw-la singulorum_fw-la comitatuumâ—_n â—_z though_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n whether_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n be_v to_o elect_n and_o send_v these_o knight_n the_o sheriff_n be_v then_o of_o the_o faction_n and_o make_v by_o they_o for_o it_o be_v there_o say_v only_o quod_fw-la venire_fw-la faciarâ—_n there_o be_v also_o other_o writ_n recite_v to_o have_v be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n of_o england_n as_o also_o to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o send_v two_o of_o the_o most_o legal_a and_o discreet_a of_o each_o of_o the_o say_a city_n burrough_n town_n and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o the_o say_a parliament_n at_o westminster_n at_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a so_o that_o without_o the_o history_n of_o this_o neck_n of_o time_n these_o writ_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o prince_n out_o of_o prison_n and_o for_o the_o settle_n of_o tranquillity_n and_o peace_n in_o the_o nation_n can_v be_v understand_v but_o prince_n edward_n release_n can_v not_o be_v agree_v upon_o in_o this_o parliament_n whatever_o other_o business_n may_v be_v dispatch_v so_o that_o thing_n still_o remain_v in_o this_o uncertain_a condition_n the_o king_n be_v all_o this_o time_n a_o mere_a shadow_n until_o such_o time_n as_o simon_n montfort_n and_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n fall_v out_o the_o latter_a at_o last_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o join_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o surry_n and_o pembroke_n to_o who_o also_o come_v prince_n edward_n after_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n from_o hereford_n they_o altogether_o raise_v considerable_a force_n against_o monfort_n who_o meet_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n near_o evesham_n monfort_n with_o one_o of_o his_o son_n and_o many_o other_o lord_n and_o knight_n be_v slay_v and_o all_o his_o party_n rout_v now_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o very_a clear_a account_n from_o the_o history_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n why_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o call_v to_o parliament_n by_o monfort_n during_o his_o rebellion_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v also_o give_v you_o very_o good_a reason_n and_o authority_n to_o back_v they_o why_o they_o be_v again_o discontinue_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n until_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o f._n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o my_o opinion_n of_o your_o narrative_a by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v satisfy_v i_o in_o one_o or_o two_o question_n pray_v sir_n what_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o we_o can_v find_v but_o twenty_o three_o earl_n and_o baron_n summon_v of_o that_o great_a number_n there_o be_v then_o and_o only_o to_o thirteen_o bishop_n in_o this_o parliament_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o shall_v be_v summon_v above_o a_o hundred_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o but_o five_o dean_n of_o cathedral_n church_n pray_o why_o may_v not_o these_o numerous_a baron_n be_v trust_v as_o well_o as_o all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n m._n as_o for_o his_o not_o summon_v all_o the_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o put_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o room_n 143._o there_o may_v be_v a_o very_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o viz._n the_o danger_n that_o simon_n monford_n and_o his_o privado_n apprehend_v from_o the_o too_o great_a concourse_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o their_o great_a retinueâ—_n and_o the_o example_n of_o his_o own_o and_o the_o baron_n practice_n at_o oxford_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 42_o d._n of_o henry_n the_o three_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o they_o alter_v the_o ancient_a usage_n and_o of_o their_o send_v writ_n out_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n as_o also_o the_o city_n and_o burgh_n to_o send_v two_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n respective_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v so_o many_o abbot_n and_o prior_n summon_v be_v 139._o because_o simon_n monfort_n think_v himself_o sure_a of_o they_o he_o be_v a_o great_a zealot_n and_o a_o godly_a man_n in_o those_o time_n and_o a_o great_a minion_n of_o these_o religious_a man_n as_o then_o call_v as_o also_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o they_o be_v at_o least_o seem_o great_a favourite_n of_o he_o f._n i_o must_v confess_v there_o be_v some_o colour_n of_o reason_n why_o simon_n monfort_n shall_v summon_v so_o many_o abbot_n and_o prior_n to_o this_o parliament_n if_o he_o be_v sure_a of_o all_o their_o vote_n before_o hand_n but_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n of_o this_o for_o if_o he_o have_v be_v so_o sure_a of_o they_o there_o be_v as_o much_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v call_v they_o all_o likewise_o to_o the_o parliament_n at_o london_n which_o you_o say_v he_o summon_v the_o year_n before_o when_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o he_o make_v the_o new_a ordinance_n you_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v find_v in_o any_o historian_n or_o record_n that_o he_o then_o summon_v so_o many_o of_o they_o and_o it_o seem_v pretty_a strange_a that_o all_o these_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o dean_n not_o a_o four_o part_n of_o which_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v all_o take_v the_o trouble_n to_o come_v to_o this_o parliament_n without_o any_o scruple_n if_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o be_v summon_v before_o but_o the_o other_o reason_n you_o give_v why_o so_o many_o earl_n and_o baron_n shall_v be_v omit_v be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a for_o if_o the_o numerous_a baron_n factious_a practice_n at_o oxford_n have_v before_o frustrate_v monfort_n design_n there_o have_v be_v indeed_o some_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o have_v hinder_v their_o come_n again_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o earl_n and_o baron_n at_o the_o parliament_n at_o oxford_n though_o they_o come_v thither_o with_o arm_n and_o great_a retinue_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o to_o join_v with_o he_o and_o to_o force_v the_o king_n to_o agree_v to_o the_o oxford_n provision_n but_o if_o the_o commons_o be_v now_o summon_v as_o you_o suppose_v to_o curb_v the_o extravagant_a power_n of_o the_o lord_n yet_o it_o can_v not_o be_v his_o interest_n or_o indeed_o in_o his_o power_n so_o to_o do_v not_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v too_o powerful_a and_o numerous_a a_o body_n to_o have_v suffer_v such_o a_o affront_n and_o breach_n on_o their_o right_n as_o this_o be_v nor_o can_v he_o and_o his_o two_o and_o twenty_o companion_n have_v ever_o dare_v to_o have_v displease_v so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o you_o must_v allow_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a then_o be_v and_o who_o make_v such_o a_o powerful_a opposition_n for_o their_o liberty_n in_o king_n john_n time_n or_o that_o they_o will_v have_v thus_o tame_o permit_v man_n whole_o of_o the_o sheriff_n choice_n to_o have_v thus_o take_v away_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o make_v law_n for_o they_o much_o less_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n most_o of_o who_o be_v certain_o not_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o yet_o hold_v land_n in_o capite_fw-la nor_o can_v it_o be_v for_o monfort_n interest_n so_o to_o do_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v of_o his_o side_n already_o and_o thus_o to_o â—â—clude_v they_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o disoblige_v they_o and_o make_v they_o leave_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n side_n so_o that_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n grant_v monfort_n to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o knave_n and_o hypocrite_n as_o you_o make_v he_o yet_o certain_o he_o be_v no_o fool_n but_o a_o great_a politician_n and_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o he_o to_o do_v so_o silly_a and_o unpolitick_a a_o thing_n as_o this_o for_o grant_v all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n to_o have_v be_v of_o his_o side_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o can_v no_o way_n counterbalance_v the_o great_a power_n of_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o numerous_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v all_o hereby_o exclude_v so_o that_o let_v the_o commons_o have_v be_v summon_v when_o you_o will_v it_o be_v certain_o before_o this_o 49_o â—h_a of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n why_o so_o few_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 49_o of_o hen._n 3_o d_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v
constitution_n be_v recite_v before_o some_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n council_n and_o afterward_o hear_v and_o publish_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n here_o be_v no_o express_a mention_n who_o be_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o parliament_n at_o this_o time_n or_o of_o this_o parliament_n in_o particular_a more_o than_o that_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o aforesaid_a constitution_n be_v publish_v at_o westminster_n in_o the_o parliament_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n michael_n so_o likewise_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o make_v in_o the_o 13_o of_o edw._n i._n it_o appear_v that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o king_n council_n be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n at_o gloucester_n you_o but_o now_o mention_v for_o it_o recite_v that_o the_o king_n in_o the_o 6_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n convecatis_fw-la prelatis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o concilio_n svo_fw-la apud_fw-la glocestre_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n make_v by_o this_o king_n in_o the_o seven_o of_o his_o reign_n be_v recite_v to_o have_v be_v make_v de_fw-la consilio_fw-la pralatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la de_fw-la concilio_n nostâ—o_fw-la existentium_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n be_v make_v in_o the_o 11_o of_o this_o king_n by_o himself_o and_o his_o whole_a council_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr per_fw-la luy_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la tout_fw-fr son_fw-fr council_n ad_fw-la ordain_v &_o establie_o though_o this_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o merchant_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o the_o same_o king_n which_o recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v make_v by_o himself_o and_o his_o council_n at_o his_o parliament_n at_o acton_n burnel_n these_o establishment_n i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o particular_a 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king_n council_n have_v a_o joint_a hand_n with_o the_o king_n in_o his_o legislative_a power_n since_o the_o word_n be_v the_o king_n by_o himself_o and_o his_o council_n have_v order_v and_o establish_v but_o you_o have_v carry_v both_o yourself_o as_o well_o as_o i_o too_o far_o from_o the_o main_a question_n therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o some_o better_a reason_n why_o you_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o summon_v again_o to_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n 1_n m._n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o it_o but_o first_o remember_v that_o about_o a_o hour_n or_o two_o ago_o i_o cite_v a_o record_n of_o the_o 30_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o relate_v to_o a_o act_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o this_o king_n 149._o by_o which_o record_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a
citizen_n or_o burgess_n nor_o be_v several_a strict_a form_n and_o usage_n now_o practise_v ever_o then_o think_v of_o nor_o some_o legal_a nicety_n and_o punctilio_n now_o in_o use_n then_o judge_v absolute_o necessary_a f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v from_o this_o writ_n before_o you_o proceed_v to_o any_o other_o record_n first_o as_o to_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o variety_n or_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o number_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o you_o at_o first_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n that_o i_o doubt_v will_v prove_v a_o gross_a mistake_n for_o if_o we_o closle_o consider_v the_o writ_n itself_o it_o will_v prove_v no_o more_o than_o a_o summons_n of_o these_o knight_n to_o a_o great_a council_n colloquy_n or_o treatise_n as_o the_o writ_n here_o cal'â—_n it_o and_o not_o to_o a_o parliament_n the_o word_n colloquium_fw-la &_o tractatum_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o writ_n not_o then_o signify_v a_o 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and_o advice_n in_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o by_o the_o king_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o king_n at_o their_o request_n think_v fit_a to_o summon_v two_o or_o three_o more_o of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o have_v their_o advice_n also_o and_o as_o for_o your_o last_o argument_n that_o the_o same_o parliament_n which_o give_v the_o tax_n above_o mention_v on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n must_v be_v sit_v even_o to_o the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n because_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o be_v mane_n on_o the_o quindene_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n viz._n the_o 8_o of_o july_n so_o that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n without_o the_o commons_o make_v this_o statute_n and_o that_o these_o knight_n be_v summon_v after_o the_o act_n be_v pass_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o make_v these_o consequence_n for_o this_o parliament_n may_v very_o well_o be_v dissolve_v that_o very_a day_n this_o act_n pass_v and_o this_o council_n or_o colloquy_n may_v be_v summon_v to_o meet_v within_o three_o week_n after_o midsummer_n i._n e._n about_o the_o 16_o of_o july_n according_a to_o the_o writ_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o so_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v appear_v be_v the_o roll_n of_o that_o parliament_n now_o extant_a as_o thâ—y_o be_v lose_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o divers_a succeed_a parliament_n m._n well_o then_o you_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o this_o writ_n be_v issue_v whilst_o the_o parliament_n be_v still_o sit_v and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v any_o need_n there_o be_v of_o another_o less_o council_n or_o colloquy_n to_o meet_v after_o the_o parliament_n be_v end_v since_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v sit_v that_o can_v have_v much_o better_o dispatch_v all_o such_o business_n as_o the_o king_n have_v to_o do_v and_o how_o the_o king_n can_v foresee_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v need_n of_o another_o council_n before_o he_o have_v any_o business_n for_o it_o seem_v very_o 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be_v enter_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northumberland_n to_o cause_v two_o knight_n to_o be_v elect_v for_o that_o county_n bearing_z date_n the_o 8_o of_o october_n and_o the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o another_o writ_n to_o the_o same_o sheriff_n order_v he_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v choose_v two_o other_o knight_n beside_o the_o former_a and_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o appear_v at_o westminster_n the_o morrow_n after_o st._n martin_n day_n to_o hear_v and_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v more_o full_o enjoin_v the_o like_a writ_n with_o botâ—_n the_o former_a be_v send_v to_o all_o the_o sheriff_n in_o england_n now_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o title_n to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o writ_n be_v only_o de_fw-la melitibus_fw-la eligendis_fw-la &_o mittendis_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la yet_o these_o word_n well_o consider_v must_v certain_o here_o mean_v a_o parliament_n both_o these_o writ_n be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n where_o all_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v find_v as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v and_o beside_o the_o word_n in_o the_o first_o writ_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o several_a other_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n viz._n ad_fw-la consuleâ—dum_fw-la &_o consentiend_n pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o commâ—nitate_fw-la illà _fw-fr biis_fw-la qua_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la prâ—dictâ—_n concorditer_fw-la ordinaverint_fw-la in_o praemissis_fw-la f._n i_o confess_v we_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n in_o this_o affair_n for_o want_v of_o the_o record_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o if_o we_o have_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o will_v appear_v very_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o lord_n do_v then_o desire_v the_o king_n shall_v consult_v more_o of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n then_o what_o have_v appear_v at_o this_o parliament_n as_o that_o lord_n may_v refuse_v to_o give_v their_o advice_n in_o the_o matter_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n without_o he_o will_v also_o consult_v more_o of_o the_o best_a and_o able_a knight_n of_o county_n who_o be_v to_o come_v up_o with_o fresh_a power_n and_o further_a instruction_n what_o answer_n to_o give_v the_o king_n in_o the_o matter_n he_o shall_v propose_v which_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o to_o give_v money_n nor_o make_v law_n be_v plain_a since_o you_o say_v the_o tax_n of_o 40_n on_o even_o knight_n fee_n be_v give_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 3d._n make_v before_o they_o come_v up_o to_o parliament_n but_o indeed_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n plain_o prove_v that_o this_o be_v no_o parliamentary_a meeting_n since_o they_o be_v here_o only_o summon_v ad_fw-la con_fw-la ulendum_fw-la &_o consâ—â—iendum_fw-la whereas_o in_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o
future_a parliament_n the_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la faciâ—ndum_fw-la quod_fw-la â—unc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la ordinabitur_fw-la or_o the_o like_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n 155._o which_o the_o doctor_n have_v print_v whereas_o the_o word_n in_o this_o writ_n be_v ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n â—iis_fw-la qua_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la â—radicti_fw-la run_v duxerint_fw-la concordanda_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v do_v at_o the_o request_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v how_o come_v the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v also_o in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v omit_v and_o not_o mention_v in_o this_o writ_n to_o have_v join_v in_o this_o request_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n but_o as_o for_o the_o doctor_n next_o precedent_n viz._n a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northumberland_n to_o return_v two_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o then_o the_o next_o day_n after_o other_z two_o for_o the_o same_o county_n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v that_o those_o writ_n be_v a_o summons_n to_o a_o parliament_n and_o not_o to_o a_o great_a council_n for_o beside_o the_o title_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la eligendis_fw-la &_o miâ—tendis_fw-la ad_fw-la consilium_fw-la and_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o be_v common_o use_v in_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v '_o you_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o summons_n we_o be_v now_o upon_o whereas_o in_o the_o summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_n the_o ordain_v part_n do_v as_o much_o refer_v to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la consist_v of_o both_o whereas_o in_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v cite_v they_o be_v to_o consent_v to_o such_o thing_n which_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o agree_v to_o but_o that_o i_o may_v show_v you_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o fancy_n of_o your_o doctor_n that_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o summon_v the_o parliament_n sit_v pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o one_o or_o two_o question_n concern_v this_o business_n pray_v who_o be_v these_o gentleman_n that_o the_o king_n you_o say_v thus_o summon_v to_o parliament_n m._n according_a to_o the_o doctor_n account_n they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o tenant_n iâ—_n capite_fw-la since_o he_o often_o tell_v we_o that_o out_o of_o these_o alone_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v choose_v at_o the_o first_o f._n well_o but_o than_o who_o be_v these_o magnate_v and_o alii_fw-la proceres_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n and_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o m._n i_o must_v own_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n certain_o to_o define_v who_o they_o be_v for_o if_o i_o say_v they_o be_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n from_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n immediate_o forego_v i_o foresee_v you_o will_v ask_v i_o how_o these_o gentleman_n can_v be_v summon_v since_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o this_o parliament_n already_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o think_v there_o be_v only_o some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n now_o summon_v and_o who_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v often_o call_v to_o great_a council_n as_o baron_n peer_n and_o who_o though_o sometime_o call_v to_o sit_v among_o the_o lord_n be_v often_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v so_o that_o this_o parliament_n be_v compose_v as_o those_o of_o marlbridg_n and_o gloucesâ—er_n not_o of_o all_o but_o only_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o these_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o say_v to_o extricate_v yourself_o out_o of_o this_o difficulty_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o much_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o you_o have_v here_o say_v be_v mere_a conjecture_n without_o any_o proof_n since_o this_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 3d._n say_v only_o in_o general_n that_o it_o be_v make_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o magnate_v under_o which_o title_n your_o doctor_n 147._o when_o he_o explain_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o arch._n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n tell_v we_o be_v frequent_o comprehend_v the_o barones_n majores_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o under_o minores_fw-la the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o when_o the_o statute_n of_o westmister_n the_o first_o be_v make_v he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n therein_o mention_v and_o why_o this_o parliament_n of_o westminster_n the_o 3_o d._n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o member_n now_o needs_o some_o better_a reason_n than_o your_o bare_a affirmation_n to_o the_o contrary_n beside_o this_o prerogative_n of_o call_v these_o baron_n peer_n to_o parliament_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o other_o mesn_a tenant_n also_o if_o the_o king_n think_v they_o considerable_a enough_o for_o estate_n or_o wisdom_n to_o do_v they_o that_o honour_n and_o so_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o summon_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o according_a to_o your_o interpretation_n of_o k._n john_n charter_n have_v all_o a_o right_a to_o appear_v by_o general_n writ_n at_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o you_o may_v put_v what_o sense_n you_o please_v on_o these_o word_n magnate_v &_o proceres_fw-la yet_o i_o be_o sure_a your_o doctor_n can_v take_v they_o in_o no_o other_o sense_n than_o for_o the_o community_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a regni_n and_o so_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_a when_o he_o comment_n upon_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o 30_o edw._n 1._o which_o you_o now_o mention_v and_o which_o refer_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o the_o when_o forty_o shilling_n be_v grant_v on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n 33_o and_o there_o the_o doctor_n immediate_o tell_v we_o that_o such_o as_o pay_v that_o scutage_n be_v tota_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o no_o other_o and_o of_o these_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v and_o pay_v it_o first_o for_o themselves_o and_o tenant_n etc._n etc._n and_o which_o must_v certain_o relate_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o edw._n 1._o or_o none_o at_o all_o m._n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o the_o doctor_n can_v solve_v this_o difficulty_n but_o by_o deny_v what_o he_o have_v already_o say_v and_o affirm_v as_o i_o do_v now_o that_o all_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n but_o only_o some_o of_o they_o at_o last_o order_v by_o this_o writ_n to_o be_v choose_v and_o return_v by_o the_o county_n f._n yes_o he_o may_v do_v it_o if_o bare_a affirm_v be_v to_o pass_v for_o proof_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o give_v up_o my_o reason_n upon_o no_o better_a ground_n either_o to_o he_o or_o you_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o improbability_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v now_o over-persuade_v by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n to_o call_v these_o knight_n of_o sâ—ires_n which_o have_v be_v now_o omit_v ever_o since_o the_o 49_o hen._n 3._o for_o above_o twenty_o yearâ—_n when_o he_o have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o they_o but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a advantage_n of_o govern_v without_o they_o since_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o prince_n rather_o to_o diminish_v than_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o member_n of_o their_o great_a at_o well_o as_o private_a council_n who_o certain_o be_v most_o easy_o manage_v when_o they_o be_v a_o few_o than_o a_o great_a many_o m._n but_o what_o if_o we_o shall_v go_v from_o the_o doctor_n position_n and_o say_v that_o perhaps_o these_o knight_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o mesn_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la many_o of_o who_o i_o grant_v may_v be_v considerable_a for_o interest_n as_o well_o as_o prudence_n and_o with_o who_o the_o king_n at_o their_o request_n may_v desire_v to_o treat_v of_o certain_a matter_n which_o have_v be_v before_o move_v and_o propound_v by_o he_o f._n this_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v and_o yet_o be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a than_o the_o other_o since_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v now_o grow_v so_o weary_a of_o their_o power_n of_o impose_v tax_n and_o make_a lawâ—_n for_o the_o
whole_a nation_n as_o to_o entreat_v the_o king_n to_o admit_v their_o under-tenant_n to_o partake_v of_o so_o large_a a_o share_n in_o both_o be_v so_o extravagant_a a_o fancy_n that_o if_o it_o have_v not_o suit_v with_o the_o doctor_n be_v present_a hypothesis_n he_o will_v never_o have_v assert_v it_o in_o cold_a blood_n since_o himself_o affirm_v that_o upon_o the_o make_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capâ—â—e_n be_v the_o only_a party_n to_o it_o and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o tenant_n who_o be_v there_o present_a be_v only_o their_o retinue_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v with_o they_o at_o runnemede_o and_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 51._o all_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a follower_n who_o help_v to_o augment_v the_o noise_n and_o be_v not_o lawmaker_n for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a say_v the_o doctor_n very_o well_o that_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o nation_n will_v permit_v man_n of_o small_a reputation_n to_o share_v with_o they_o in_o law-making_a those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facâ—o_n always_o do_v give_v law_n and_o tax_v the_o people_n but_o it_o seem_v these_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v either_o very_a stiff_a to_o maintain_v or_o else_o easy_a to_o give_v up_o their_o privilege_n just_a as_o it_o best_o suit_n with_o the_o doctor_n present_a occasion_n but_o the_o doctor_n may_v contradict_v himself_o as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v since_o it_o be_v not_o his_o fault_n but_o his_o hypothesis_n that_o have_v lead_v he_o into_o it_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o do_v seem_v somewhat_o hard_o at_o present_a to_o conceive_v it_o but_o we_o know_v not_o what_o reason_n the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v have_v have_v to_o desire_v the_o concurrence_n of_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n at_o this_o juncture_n of_o time_n but_o that_o their_o come_n to_o parliament_n look_v like_o a_o new_a institution_n may_v far_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o king_n for_o a_o good_a while_n after_o the_o introduce_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n 152._o be_v wont_a to_o use_v the_o liberty_n of_o nominate_v the_o same_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v former_o choose_v appear_v by_o a_o very_a remarkable_a writ_n the_o doctor_n there_o likewise_o give_v we_o of_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o the_o same_o king_n dors._n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o cumberland_n whereby_o he_o be_v command_v to_o cause_n to_o appear_v at_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n on_o the_o octive_a of_o st._n hilary_n the_o very_a same_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o have_v before_o appear_v at_o the_o last_o parliament_n unless_o any_o of_o they_o be_v sick_a or_o dead_a from_o which_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o our_o king_n in_o those_o day_n often_o make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o summon_v such_o member_n to_o parliament_n as_o be_v not_o then_o actual_o choose_v to_o serve_v in_o that_o parliament_n and_o for_o a_o far_a confirmation_n of_o this_o there_o be_v still_o extant_a upon_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_v the_o return_v of_o several_a of_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o the_o same_o writ_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o member_n be_v return_v to_o appear_v in_o this_o parliament_n who_o have_v before_o serve_v at_o the_o precedent_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n of_o some_o that_o be_v sick_a or_o dead_a and_o that_o our_o king_n have_v not_o yet_o a_o long_a time_n after_o lose_v their_o prerogative_n of_o nominate_v how_o many_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n they_o will_v have_v choose_v and_o return_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 45._o edw._n 3._o whereby_o one_o knight_n for_o a_o county_n dors._n and_o one_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o those_o too_o name_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o winchester_n to_o do_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v appoint_v in_o the_o same_o writ_n which_o be_v likewise_o direct_v to_o all_o the_o sheriff_n in_o england_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o parliament_n appear_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v writ_n for_o their_o expense_n at_o this_o meeting_n at_o winchester_n junii_fw-la and_o though_o in_o these_o writ_n it_o be_v only_o express_v by_o these_o word_n magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la nosâ—rum_fw-la yet_o from_o this_o writ_n of_o â—ummons_n it_o be_v evident_a it_o do_v the_o business_n of_o a_o parliament_n and_o so_o no_o great_a matter_n for_o the_o name_n f._n if_o thâ—se_a be_v all_o the_o argument_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v against_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v part_n of_o the_o parliament_n before_o the_o 18_o edw._n 1._o i_o doubt_v they_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o do_v the_o business_n for_o as_o to_o this_o record_n of_o the_o â—8_o of_o edw._n 1._o whereby_o the_o king_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v a_o power_n to_o cause_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v return_v who_o be_v elect_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o parliament_n before_o go_v without_o any_o new_a election_n this_o be_v altogether_o precarious_a for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o read_v the_o writ_n itself_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n be_v thus_o act_v it_o will_v plain_o prove_v the_o contrary_n for_o the_o king_n reâ—iteâ—_n in_o that_o writ_n that_o have_v resolve_v that_o the_o charter_n of_o forest_n shall_v be_v observe_v and_o that_o his_o subject_n have_v make_v a_o perambulation_n thereupon_o yet_o that_o he_o will_v conclude_v nothing_o in_o that_o matter_n without_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o therefore_o desire_v to_o hasten_v that_o business_n as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v without_o any_o delay_n he_o thereby_o order_v he_o to_o cause_n to_o come_v before_o he_o to_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n the_o same_o knight_n citizeâ—n_n and_o burgess_n as_o be_v before_o elect_v now_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o why_o he_o will_v rather_o treat_v with_o they_o than_o with_o any_o other_o because_o they_o have_v be_v privy_a to_o all_o the_o precedent_a transaction_n concern_v this_o business_n of_o forest_n and_o therefore_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o come_v to_o the_o speedy_a conclusion_n with_o the_o king_n in_o that_o affair_n as_o be_v better_o instruct_v in_o it_o than_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o new_a member_n to_o be_v who_o have_v not_o before_o be_v privy_a to_o the_o whole_a affair_n yet_o that_o the_o king_n never_o intend_v hereby_o to_o impose_v representative_n upon_o his_o people_n without_o their_o free_a consent_n appear_v by_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o say_v write_v 〈◊〉_d quâ—d_n milites_fw-la cave_n &_o burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la dictis_fw-la die_fw-la &_o loco_fw-la nâ—â—dis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la interâ—ut_fw-la eum_fw-la plena_fw-la potestate_fw-la audâ—endi_fw-la &_o faciendi_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la in_o praemissâ—â—_n ordinaeri_fw-la contingent_a pro_fw-la cummuni_fw-la commodo_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la now_o how_o these_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n can_v appear_v in_o parliament_n with_o full_a power_n of_o act_v therein_o without_o the_o new_a election_n or_o confirmation_n at_o least_o of_o those_o who_o they_o represent_v i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a â—f_n the_o doctor_n or_o yourself_o can_v inform_v i_o but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o next_o record_n of_o the_o 45_o edw._n 3._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o king_n in_o those_o day_n have_v a_o power_n of_o appoint_v not_o only_a how_o many_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o each_o county_n but_o also_o can_v name_v the_o person_n that_o shall_v appear_v therein_o 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the_o spare_v their_o pain_n and_o expense_n to_o have_v a_o colloquy_n and_o treatise_n with_o some_o of_o the_o same_o member_n and_o therefore_o name_v the_o very_a person_n who_o he_o command_v shall_v appear_v before_o he_o at_o winchester_n to_o inform_v he_o and_o his_o council_n of_o the_o best_a manner_n and_o form_n whereby_o the_o say_a tax_n may_v be_v soon_o and_o most_o convenient_o levy_v according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o say_v grant_n so_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a from_o the_o writ_n itself_o than_o that_o this_o assembly_n be_v no_o parliament_n the_o proper_a business_n of_o which_o be_v always_o to_o make_v law_n give_v money_n or_o reâ—ress_v grievance_n none_o of_o which_o â—ut_v it_o be_v apparent_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o meeting_n to_o which_o these_o that_o be_v summon_v do_v not_o appear_v as_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n their_o power_n be_v expire_v at_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o parliament_n but_o only_a 〈◊〉_d so_o many_o 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or_o your_o doctor_n have_v be_v able_a to_o urge_v in_o this_o great_a question_n and_o i_o think_v if_o you_o be_v aâ—_n candid_a and_o ingenuous_a as_o i_o take_v you_o to_o be_v you_o will_v not_o assert_v that_o any_o of_o they_o do_v amount_v to_o a_o proof_n either_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o summon_v from_o the_o â—9th_n of_o henry_n iii_o to_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o or_o that_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n he_o there_o produce_v be_v to_o a_o parliament_n and_o not_o to_o a_o great_a council_n or_o that_o the_o king_n ever_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o appoint_v what_o number_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v come_v to_o parliament_n or_o can_v nominate_v who_o they_o shall_v be_v or_o can_v discharge_v who_o he_o please_v from_o serve_v as_o member_n therein_o all_o which_o your_o doctor_n i_o think_v with_o great_a confidence_n than_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o ancient_a writ_n and_o record_n of_o parliament_n have_v undertake_v to_o assert_v i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o trouble_v you_o so_o long_o on_o these_o head_n since_o the_o length_n as_o well_o as_o diversity_n of_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v can_v not_o be_v answer_v in_o less_o compass_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v give_v pretty_a plausible_a answer_n to_o most_o of_o the_o authority_n and_o record_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v yet_o i_o can_v assent_v so_o far_o as_o to_o come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n without_o a_o long_a consideration_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o answer_v you_o have_v now_o give_v i_o to_o the_o doctor_n authority_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n you_o will_v oblige_v i_o if_o you_o can_v give_v i_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v always_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o by_o what_o i_o have_v read_v out_o of_o our_o 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prove_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_n since_o you_o confess_v that_o as_o much_o a_o conqueror_n as_o king_n william_n be_v yet_o he_o alter_v nothing_o in_o those_o fundamental_a constitution_n the_o most_o that_o you_o pretend_v he_o do_v be_v only_o in_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v the_o legislator_n from_o english_a to_o french_a man_n or_o norman_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o new_a argument_n to_o confirm_v this_o truth_n since_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n claim_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n of_o have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n if_o you_o nor_o your_o doctor_n nor_o none_o of_o those_o who_o he_o follow_v can_v prove_v by_o sufficient_a authority_n when_o this_o begin_v than_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o ought_v if_o you_o be_v of_o the_o jury_n in_o thâ—s_n matter_n to_o find_v for_o the_o tenant_n in_o possession_n since_o that_o together_o with_o a_o constant_a usage_n 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of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o which_o be_v certain_o a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n in_o which_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o summon_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n this_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n than_o the_o former_a since_o it_o may_v not_o then_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o insert_v they_o in_o the_o same_o writ_n with_o the_o bishop_n to_o be_v summon_v by_o he_o but_o they_o may_v have_v general_a writ_n of_o their_o own_o direct_v to_o the_o clergy_n of_o each_o diocesâ—_n but_o that_o all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o well_o as_o the_o superior_a appear_v at_o divers_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n during_o this_o king_n reign_n which_o they_o can_v never_o have_v do_v without_o the_o king_n summons_n though_o the_o writ_n be_v lose_v may_v appear_v from_o that_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o whereto_o as_o mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o place_n i_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v be_v summon_v 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there_o only_o by_o their_o barony_n can_v never_o represent_v they_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v also_o summon_v to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 39_o the_o of_o of_o henry_n 3_o d._n appear_v from_o the_o annal_n of_o burton_n in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1253._o where_o that_o author_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n relate_v that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n then_o appear_v in_o parliament_n send_v messenger_n to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o intolerable_a grievance_n they_o then_o lay_v under_o among_o which_o the_o first_o grievance_n set_v forth_o by_o the_o procurator_n of_o the_o clergy_n for_o the_o diocese_n of_o lincoln_n be_v this_o quod_fw-la decima_fw-la bineficiorum_fw-la suoram_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la fuit_fw-la concessa_fw-la ipsis_fw-la non_fw-la voâ—atis_fw-la maxim_n cum_fw-la agitur_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la obligando_fw-la necessarius_fw-la est_fw-la ejus_fw-la expressus_fw-la consensus_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n 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which_o dr._n heylin_n in_o his_o stumble_v block_n of_o disobedience_n thus_o
camera_fw-la tunc_fw-la circumstante_fw-la petit_fw-la etiam_fw-la a_o clero_fw-la susidium_fw-la qui_fw-la respondit_fw-la se_fw-la velle_fw-la summo_fw-la pontifici_fw-la literas_fw-la supplicatorias_fw-la dirigere_fw-la pro_fw-la conferendi_fw-la licentia_fw-la obtinenda_fw-la so_o that_o the_o plebs_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o the_o historian_n be_v only_o the_o lay-nobility_n that_o stand_v about_o the_o king_n in_o his_o chamber_n now_o pray_v consider_v that_o the_o word_n plebs_fw-la be_v of_o a_o much_o more_o vulgar_a signification_n than_o populus_fw-la so_o that_o if_o the_o former_a do_v not_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v the_o latter_a can_v do_v so_o and_o therefore_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o suppose_v that_o there_o word_n must_v signify_v the_o commons_o the_o like_a error_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o by_o the_o way_n the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n have_v fall_v into_o concern_v the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la in_o the_o old_a coronation_n 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mercatores_fw-la verò_fw-la vicesimum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la yet_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v also_o a_o share_n in_o this_o grant_n the_o dr._n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o glossary_n under_o the_o same_o head_n in_o these_o word_n
produce_v against_o the_o drs._n opinion_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v thorough_o convince_v can_v you_o show_v i_o any_o writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n who_o appear_v at_o this_o parliament_n f._n i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o aver_v against_o a_o express_a record_n though_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n for_o that_o year_n be_v lose_v be_v never_o enter_v upon_o the_o roll_n by_o the_o omission_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o as_o mr._n pryn_n acknowledge_v oftentimes_o neglect_v the_o entry_n of_o writ_n of_o summons_n themselves_o 12._o as_o well_o as_o of_o expense_n but_o if_o this_o be_v any_o material_a objection_n than_o there_o shall_v have_v be_v no_o commons_o summon_v to_o any_o parliament_n from_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d._n to_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o fist_n writ_n of_o expense_n except_o those_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o do_v first_o appear_v upon_o the_o roll_n and_o 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casu_fw-la consimili_fw-la furi_fw-la consuerit_fw-la now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o this_o last_o clause_n can_v ever_o be_v true_a if_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v never_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n since_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o which_o be_v but_o 32_o year_n or_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o this_o king_n but_o 10_o year_n before_o this_o writ_n be_v publish_v all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o now_o say_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o but_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o a_o prescription_n since_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v as_o in_o like_a case_n be_v accostomed_a though_o it_o have_v never_o be_v practise_v above_o 20_o or_o 30_o time_n f._n i_o see_v neither_o you_o nor_o your_o dr._n by_o reason_n of_o your_o different_a employment_n have_v ever_o any_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o tenor_n and_o prescription_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n which_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o have_v he_o not_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o be_v so_o great_a a_o master_n in_o both_o but_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v for_o the_o future_a remember_v that_o old_a adage_n ne_o suitor_n ultra_fw-la crepidam_fw-la therefore_o to_o set_v you_o right_o for_o the_o future_a you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n have_v ever_o claim_v be_v summon_v to_o all_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o for_o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v custom_n my_o lord_n cookâ—_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o littleton_n 106._o that_o in_o every_o custom_n there_o be_v two_o essential_a part_n time_n and_o usage_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o continual_a peaceable_a usuage_n without_o lawful_a interruption_n now_o the_o commonâ—_n have_v in_o all_o time_n beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n challenge_v to_o have_v enjoy_v both_o those_o essential_a part_n of_o common_a law_n or_o general_a custom_n so_o that_o these_o word_n praut_v câ—su'consâ—mili_fw-la consuevit_fw-la must_v be_v by_o implication_n of_o law_n extend_v beyond_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o and_o edward_z the_o 1_o st_z and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o what_o claim_v the_o commons_o have_v make_v to_o this_o usage_n from_o time_n immemorial_n therefore_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o mr._n p_n first_o argument_n in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o 7._o asser_v where_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n in_o their_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n ii_o in_o parliament_n albano_n a._n d._n 8._o say_v that_o they_o sicht_v caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la regis_fw-la when_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v summon_v per_fw-la duos_fw-la comburgenses_n suos_fw-la venire_fw-la debeant_fw-la prout_fw-la totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temponibus_fw-la venire_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la tam_fw-la tempore_fw-la domini_fw-la edwardi_fw-la nuper_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la patris_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o progenitorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n ii_o sâ—mper_n ante_fw-la instans_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o far_o declare_v that_o the_o name_n of_o such_o burgess_n come_v to_o parliament_n be_v always_o enrol_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n notwithstanding_o all_o which_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n at_o the_o procuration_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o his_o council_n refuse_v burgenses_n praedictos_fw-la praemunire_n sou_n nomina_fw-la corum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d prout_fw-la ad_fw-la ipsum_fw-la pertinuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o they_o pray_v remedy_n the_o king_n and_o council_n answer_v whereunto_o be_v thus_o scrutentur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr cancellariâ—_n si_fw-la temporibâ—s_fw-la â—rogenitorum_fw-la regis_fw-la burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la solebant_fw-la venire_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la &_o tunc_fw-la siat_a it_o be_v supeâ—_n hoc_fw-la justitia_fw-la vocatis_fw-la evocandis_fw-la si_fw-la necesse_fw-la suâ—vit_fw-la where_o by_o the_o word_n totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n must_v be_v understand_v that_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n be_v always_o accustom_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o all_o former_a age_n not_o only_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n i._n but_o his_o progenitor_n therefore_o in_o king_n john_n time_n his_o grandfather_n at_o least_o and_o so_o long_o before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o m._n i_o confess_v the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o party_n make_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o noise_n with_o this_o quotation_n but_o if_o it_o be_v strict_o look_v into_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v prove_v of_o no_o such_o great_a consequence_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o for_o mr._n p._n have_v conceal_v the_o main_a cause_n of_o these_o burgess_n pretend_v a_o right_a of_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v you_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o at_o large_a ad_fw-la petitionem_fw-la burgensium_fw-la villae_fw-la de_fw-fr sancto_fw-it albano_n suggâ—rentium_fw-la regi_fw-la quod_fw-la licet_fw-la ipsa_fw-la tenent_fw-la villam_fw-la praedictam_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la 38._o sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenâ—a_fw-la regis_fw-la cum_fw-la ea_fw-la suâ—â—noniri_fw-la contigerit_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la comburgenses_n suos_fw-la venire_fw-la debeane_v prout_fw-la totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la venire_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la pro_fw-la omnibus_fw-la servitiis_fw-la regi_fw-la faciendis_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o which_o word_n as_o the_o dr._n very_o well_o show_v we_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n albar_n claim_v not_o nor_o prescribe_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n as_o mere_o from_o a_o burrow_n but_o as_o from_o a_o town_n that_o hold_v in_o chief_a of_o the_o king_n and_o this_o service_n be_v incident_a to_o their_o tenure_n and_o be_v such_o as_o the_o king_n progenitor_n have_v accept_v in_o lien_n of_o all_o service_n due_a by_o reason_n thereof_o and_o far_o the_o answer_n to_o this_o petition_n be_v remarkable_a which_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o roth_n of_o chancery_n that_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v to_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n progenitor_n than_o such_o as_o have_v be_v call_v i._o e._n to_o parliament_n shall_v be_v call_v when_o there_o be_v necessary_a for_o it_o hence_o it_o be_v clear_a the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n be_v equal_o judge_v when_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o call_v they_o and_o for_o they_o to_o come_v as_o they_o be_v of_o their_o right_n and_o pretence_n to_o come_v f._n i_o very_o much_o wonder_v a_o gentleman_n of_o your_o understanding_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o impose_v upon_o by_o such_o weak_a inference_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n in_o matter_n of_o factâ—_n that_o these_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n claim_v to_o come_v
to_o parliament_n no_o otherwise_o but_o as_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capitâ—_n for_o though_o the_o say_a petition_n reâ—ues_v that_o they_o hold_v the_o say_a town_n of_o the_o k._n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o they_o do_v not_o likewise_o say_v that_o they_o claim'th_v to_o appear_v there_o only_o by_o that_o tenure_n for_o than_o they_o shall_v have_v retire_v that_o they_o sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la regis_fw-la venirâ—_fw-it debeant_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a they_o set_v forth_o that_o they_o appear_v there_o for_o all_o service_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o say_v that_o their_o tenure_n in_o capitâ—_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o their_o appearance_n in_o parliam_fw-la since_o divers_a town_n and_o burrought_v of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o hold_v not_o in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o have_v the_o like_a privilege_n before_o of_o which_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a instance_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o ouâ—_n of_o this_o note_n which_o a_o learned_a friend_n of_o my_o slace_n decease_v have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o tower_n though_o when_o he_o send_v it_o i_o he_o through_o haste_n 〈◊〉_d have_v forget_v to_o set_v down_o the_o number_n of_o the_o roll_n to_o most_o of_o such_o burrough_n who_o never_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o have_v always_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n as_o first_o the_o burrow_n these_o of_o arundel_n which_o always_o hold_v of_o the_o earl_n and_o never_o of_o the_o king_n be_v grant_v by_o henry_n i._o to_o hugh_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n second_o the_o city_n of_o bath_n appear_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o wells_n three_o the_o city_n of_o well_n itself_o which_o always_o hold_v of_o the_o bishop_n and_o never_o of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v villa_n episcopi_fw-la in_o all_o public_a write_n belong_v to_o that_o church_n and_o be_v make_v a_o free_a burrough_n in_o the_o three_o of_o king_n john_n four_o beverly_n be_v make_v a_o free_a burrough_n by_o thurston_n archbishop_n of_o york_n 18._o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o king_n henry_n iii_o hiâ—â—hly_a badmin_n which_o always_o hold_v of_o the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n six_o bridgwater_n for_o king_n john_n grant_v it_o to_o william_n brewer_n 13._o quod_fw-la brugwater_n sit_fw-la libre_fw-la burgus_n seven_o coventry_n which_o be_v always_o hold_v of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o plead_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._o to_o have_v never_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o king_n demesne_n but_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n eight_o bishop_n linne_n for_o king_n john_n grant_v to_o john_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n quod_fw-la burgus_n de_fw-fr lenna_n sit_fw-la libre_fw-la burgus_n inperpetuum_fw-la all_o which_o by_o the_o writ_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o joh._n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n as_o early_o as_o any_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la these_o i_o give_v you_o only_o for_o a_o taste_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o i_o have_v time_n i_o can_v give_v you_o three_o time_n as_o many_o especial_o in_o cornwall_n where_o the_o burrough_n do_v almost_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n and_o not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o beside_o the_o doctor_n error_n in_o suppose_v that_o no_o ancient_a city_n or_o burrough_n have_v any_o right_n of_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o only_o as_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la his_o mistake_n be_v yet_o much_o more_o gross_a in_o his_o construe_v those_o remarkable_a word_n in_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n et_fw-la tunc_fw-la fiat_fw-la eye_n super_fw-la hoc_fw-la justitia_fw-la vocatis_fw-la evocandis_fw-la si_fw-la necesse_fw-la fuerit_fw-la thus_o and_o then_o let_v they_o have_v justice_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v call_v may_v be_v call_v if_o there_o be_v necessity_n upon_o which_o word_n you_o have_v also_o from_o the_o dr._n put_v this_o pleasant_a gloss_n hence_o it_o be_v clear_a the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n be_v equal_o judge_v when_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o call_v they_o and_o for_o they_o to_o come_v as_o they_o be_v of_o their_o right_n and_o pretence_n to_o come_v but_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o â—_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o this_o record_n than_o the_o doctor_n be_v construction_n who_o will_v needs_o have_v the_o word_n evocatis_fw-la evocandis_fw-la only_o to_o mean_v a_o call_v or_o summon_v to_o parliament_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o this_o petition_n for_o if_o that_o have_v be_v his_o meaning_n that_o those_o only_a shall_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n scrutentur_fw-la rotuli_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr cancel_v si_fw-la temporibus_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la regis_fw-la burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la solebant_fw-la venire_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la for_o if_o their_o come_n to_o parliament_n have_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n and_o not_o of_o right_a &_o so_o whole_o leave_v in_o the_o king_n breast_n whether_o they_o shall_v come_v or_o not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a for_o he_o to_o command_v the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n to_o be_v search_v whether_o the_o say_v burgess_n use_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n or_o not_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o progenitor_n or_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o right_n why_o shall_v it_o be_v here_o say_v that_o upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n tunc_fw-la fiat_fw-la justitia_fw-la let_v justice_n be_v do_v iâ—_n there_o never_o be_v such_o a_o right_a of_o prescription_n by_o which_o they_o claim_v but_o i_o much_o wonder_v that_o the_o dr._n so_o great_a a_o critic_n in_o record_n shall_v ever_o construe_v they_o evocatis_fw-la evocandis_fw-la a_o summon_n or_o call_v to_o parliament_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o in_o what_o parliament_n roll_v or_o ancient_n record_v you_o can_v find_v evecaâ—â—_n ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la to_o summon_v to_o parliament_n but_o i_o more_o admire_v that_o you_o who_o be_v a_o profess_a civilian_n shall_v no_o better_o understand_v the_o sense_n of_o your_o own_o term_n whereas_o if_o you_o will_v have_v but_o consult_v any_o civil_a law_n dictionary_n you_o may_v have_v find_v evocate_v testes_fw-la always_o signify_v to_o summon_v witness_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o twenty_o precedent_n both_o from_o our_o common_a law_n record_n as_o well_o as_o your_o canon_n law_n form_n that_o evocatis_fw-la eâ—ocandis_fw-la do_v always_o signify_v the_o summon_n such_o witness_n as_o be_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o a_o cause_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o this_o record_n that_o not_o only_o the_o roll_n shall_v be_v search_v but_o also_o witness_n summon_v to_o prove_v their_o claim_n if_o any_o dispute_n or_o doubt_n shall_v arise_v about_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n m._n i_o shall_v no_o long_o contend_v with_o you_o about_o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o these_o last_o word_n since_o perhaps_o you_o may_v be_v in_o the_o right_a but_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v by_o this_o answer_n allow_v this_o petition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o st._n alban_n to_o be_v true_a that_o they_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o predecessor_n much_o less_o that_o any_o other_o city_n of_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v then_o allow_v such_o a_o right_a by_o prescription_n f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o this_o petition_n do_v not_o absolute_o allow_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o it_o concern_v the_o matter_n in_o dispute_n between_o they_o and_o the_o abbot_n to_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v there_o set_v forth_o neither_o yet_o do_v it_o condemn_v it_o for_o false_a but_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o false_a it_o matter_n not_o for_o both_o the_o petition_n and_o the_o answer_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n for_o which_o we_o make_v use_v of_o it_o viz_o that_o it_o be_v then_o receive_v for_o a_o general_a custom_n or_o law_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n have_v send_v member_n to_o parliament_n according_a as_o in_o the_o petition_n be_v set_v forth_o 10._o otherwise_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v suppose_v much_o less_o believe_v that_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n or_o the_o penman_n of_o this_o petition_n shall_v dare_v to_o tell_v the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o parliament_n so_o great_a and_o ridiculous_a a_o novelty_n to_o be_v record_v to_o posterity_n as_o that_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n
in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n i._n and_o his_o progenitor_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n or_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v have_v ever_o receive_v this_o petition_n without_o indignation_n and_o a_o severe_a rebuke_n for_o their_o impudence_n if_o all_o the_o world_n theâ—_n know_v as_o certain_o they_o must_v be_v it_o true_a that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o election_n of_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o fifty_o year_n before_o the_o 8_o of_o ed._n ii_o who_o from_o thence_o have_v appear_v no_o more_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o ed._n i._n which_o be_v but_o 24_o year_n before_o the_o delivery_n of_o this_o petition_n a_o time_n which_o must_v have_v be_v then_o fresh_a in_o the_o memory_n of_o most_o of_o the_o king_n council_n there_o present_a whereas_o they_o allow_v this_o general_a claim_n of_o prescription_n and_o every_o person_n though_o but_o mean_o skill_a in_o our_o law_n do_v understand_v a_o general_a prescription_n viz._n à _fw-fr tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la contrarium_fw-la memoria_fw-la hominum_fw-la non_fw-la existit_fw-la what_o it_o be_v then_o and_o so_o remain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n as_o appear_v by_o our_o ancient_a record_n law-book_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n and_o sure_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n do_v not_o ground_n their_o petition_n of_o right_n upon_o a_o affirmation_n in_o nubes_fw-la 11._o but_o the_o justice_n &_o certainty_n of_o their_o claim_n as_o they_o very_o well_o know_v which_o so_o they_o pray_v it_o may_v be_v examine_v by_o uncontrollable_a proof_n the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n chancellor_z and_o all_o the_o council_n do_v no_o less_o know_v there_o be_v such_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n and_o therefore_o order_v their_o search_n whereas_o if_o the_o very_a ground_n of_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v notorious_o false_a and_o idle_a as_o it_o must_v have_v 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prescription_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o for_o since_o you_o have_v now_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o by_o a_o undeniable_a record_n in_o the_o 11_o of_o edward_n i._o i_o shall_v now_o confine_v myself_o to_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n and_o sir_n william_n dugdales_n as_o well_o as_o the_o drs._n first_o term_n of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d._n f._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o desire_n and_o in_o perform_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v pursue_v this_o method_n i_o shall_v first_o give_v you_o a_o general_a definition_n of_o prescription_n and_o shall_v then_o prove_v that_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n have_v always_o claim_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o general_a right_n of_o prescription_n now_o the_o term_n of_o the_o law_n tell_v we_o that_o prescription_n be_v when_o a_o man_n claim_v any_o thing_n for_o that_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n and_o 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to_o the_o 20_o late_o give_v to_o the_o king_n per_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la by_o the_o taxer_n and_o collector_n of_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o 20_o in_o the_o say_a county_n although_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v tax_v to_o all_o aid_n as_o well_o to_o the_o king_n as_o to_o his_o propenitor_n grant_v per_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o county_n and_o not_o with_o the_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o bargorum_fw-la yet_o that_o the_o taxer_n and_o collector_n of_o the_o 15_o late_o grant_v by_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n do_v grievous_o distrain_v they_o to_o their_o great_a damage_n and_o therefore_o pray_v remedy_n whereupon_o the_o king_n command_v that_o the_o roll_n be_v search_v of_o such_o like_a taxation_n and_o if_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v always_o be_v hitherto_o tax_v as_o they_o in_o their_o petition_n set_v forth_o that_o then_o they_o shall_v be_v discharge_v from_o the_o say_v 15_o from_o which_o record_n we_o may_v conclude_v that_o this_o town_n of_o beverly_n though_o a_o ancient_a burrough_n and_o as_o such_o be_v summon_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 26_o of_o this_o king_n yet_o do_v not_o hold_v oâ—_n the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la 46._o nor_o in_o ancient_n demesne_fw-la second_o that_o aid_n have_v be_v give_v the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n per_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la i._n e._n by_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o that_o in_o parliament_n but_o how_o far_o these_o progenitor_n must_v extend_v i_o need_v no_o repeat_v to_o you_o the_o ground_n of_o which_o petition_n be_v admit_v by_o the_o king_n in_o
parliament_n m._n these_o authority_n though_o material_a yet_o do_v not_o in_o my_o opinion_n reach_v the_o point_n you_o be_v to_o prove_v viz._n that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n i._o for_o both_o these_o authority_n though_o admit_v for_o good_a yet_o reach_v no_o high_a than_o king_n john_n time_n which_o be_v within_o memory_n as_o yourself_o have_v now_o set_v forth_o since_o the_o word_n progenitor_n need_v not_o be_v extend_v any_o further_a than_o the_o time_n of_o that_o king_n who_o be_v great_a grandfather_n to_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o second_o to_o who_o these_o petition_n be_v make_v by_o these_o townsman_n and_o so_o do_v not_o clear_o amount_v to_o your_o full_a time_n of_o prescription_n viz._n before_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n 1_n f._n well_o pray_v remember_v that_o if_o you_o grant_v this_o you_o have_v lose_v your_o cause_n since_o certain_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n be_v long_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o but_o since_o you_o will_v be_v so_o over-critical_a i_o will_v show_v you_o some_o claim_n by_o prescription_n beyond_o all_o time_n of_o memory_n make_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n from_o be_v tax_v to_o contribute_v to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o if_o they_o thus_o prescribe_v it_o be_v plain_a there_o must_v have_v be_v knight_n of_o shire_n choose_v against_o pay_v who_o wage_n they_o prescribe_v to_o have_v have_v this_o privilege_n now_o this_o prescription_n must_v be_v very_o ancient_a since_o as_o mr._n lambard_n show_v we_o in_o the_o place_n i_o have_v quote_v there_o have_v be_v no_o new_a tenant_n make_v in_o ancient_n demesne_n since_o the_o time_n of_o william_n i._n but_o pray_v see_v the_o writ_n itself_o in_o the_o old_a register_n of_o writ_n which_o be_v there_o put_v down_o only_o as_o a_o form_n for_o draw_v of_o all_o other_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n there_o to_o be_v find_v for_o other_o town_n 261._o and_o particular_o the_o tenant_n of_o odiham_n in_o hampshire_n whenever_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v that_o neither_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n nor_o of_o the_o place_n be_v express_v in_o word_n at_o length_n the_o writ_n itself_o be_v not_o very_o long_o therefore_o i_o shall_v give_v it_o you_o in_o latin_a as_o far_o as_o be_v material_a rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la l._n salutem_fw-la monstraverunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o tenenteâ—_n de_fw-fr manerio_fw-la de_fw-fr f._n quod_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la antiquo_fw-la dominico_n coâ—one_n angliae_fw-la ut_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la licet_fw-la ipsi_fw-la &_o corum_fw-la antecessores_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la eodem_fw-la manerio_fw-la a_o tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la extat_fw-la memoria_fw-la semper_fw-la hactenus_fw-la quieti_fw-la esse_fw-la cousueverunt_fw-la de_fw-la expensis_fw-la militum_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o progenitorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la regum_fw-la angliâ—e_fw-la pro_fw-la commanitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la comitatus_fw-la venienium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o proceed_v that_o whereas_o the_o say_a sheriff_n distrain_v the_o say_a tenant_n to_o contribute_v to_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o knight_n that_o come_v to_o the_o last_o parliament_n to_o their_o great_a damage_n otherwise_o than_o totis_fw-la retroaâ—tis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la therefore_o command_v he_o that_o he_o desist_v from_o his_o say_a distress_n and_o do_v not_o compel_v the_o say_a tenant_n to_o contribute_v otherwise_o quam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la and_o now_o though_o this_o writ_n be_v without_o any_o king_n name_n or_o date_n yet_o it_o appear_v at_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v issue_v by_o g._n l._n eâ—â—rope_n then_o chancellor_n and_o william_n de_fw-fr holston_n clerk_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o this_o must_v have_v be_v before_o the_o 15_o of_o that_o king_n because_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la that_o in_o december_n the_o great_a seal_n be_v deliver_v to_o william_n d'_fw-fr ayremyn_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o william_n de_fw-fr clyffe_n and_o the_o say_v william_n de_fw-fr herlston_n clerk_n of_o chancery_n who_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o our_o record_n to_o have_v be_v keeper_n of_o it_o pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la till_o the_o second_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o when_o the_o say_v william_n de_fw-fr herlston_n have_v the_o sole_a custody_n thereof_o commit_v to_o he_o but_o there_o be_v yet_o a_o perfect_a writ_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o 50th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o extant_a on_o the_o roll_n direct_v to_o john_n de_fw-fr cobham_n dorso_fw-la and_o four_o other_o knight_n therein_o name_v recite_v that_o whereas_o simon_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n claim_v as_o well_o for_o himself_o as_o his_o predecessor_n and_o their_o tenant_n hitherto_o à _fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la extat_fw-la memoria_fw-la for_o certain_a laud_n hold_v in_o gavel-kind_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n come_v to_o our_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o our_o progenitor_n and_o conclude_v with_o a_o supersedeas_fw-la to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n not_o to_o molest_v the_o say_a tenant_n until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o king_n be_v further_o inform_v and_o that_o he_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n have_v ordain_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o premise_n from_o both_o which_o writ_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o there_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_v these_o writ_n a_o claim_n by_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n allow_v for_o all_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o archbishop_n in_o gavelkind_a to_o be_v exempt_v from_o contribute_v to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n or_o else_o these_o petition_n and_o the_o writ_n upon_o they_o have_v be_v idle_a and_o ridiculous_a last_o that_o this_o claim_n of_o be_v thus_o exempt_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v extend_v beyond_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o for_o good_a in_o both_o these_o writ_n only_o in_o the_o last_o the_o king_n will_v be_v inform_v whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o gavel_n kind_a or_o not_o so_o that_o the_o conclusion_n must_v be_v that_o if_o these_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n and_o gavel-kind_n be_v always_o exempt_v from_o pay_v to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n beyond_o memory_n i._n e._n by_o prescription_n then_o certain_o those_o knight_n must_v have_v be_v choose_v time_n beyond_o memory_n i_o can_v give_v you_o several_a other_o writ_n of_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o over_o charge_v you_o now_o certain_o if_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v thus_o elect_v time_n beyond_o memory_n the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n must_v have_v be_v so_o too_o since_o in_o scotland_n where_o there_o be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n no_o commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n yet_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n ever_o send_v delegate_n to_o parliament_n as_o your_o dr._n himself_o allow_v m._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n concern_v this_o prescription_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o since_o mr._n prin_fw-mi in_o his_o second_o and_o three_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n have_v prove_v totum_fw-la 1._o that_o all_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o to_o prove_v this_o prescription_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o another_o sense_n than_o what_o you_o will_v now_o put_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o though_o mr._n lambard_n and_o other_o of_o great_a note_n lay_v the_o original_a title_n and_o right_n of_o all_o our_o country_n ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n elect_v and_o send_v of_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o to_o be_v by_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n yet_o against_o this_o opinion_n mr._n prin_fw-mi argue_v thus_o who_o argument_n i_o shall_v contract_v because_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o recite_v they_o all_o verbatim_o first_o that_o as_o for_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a thing_n you_o insist_v on_o in_o this_o last_o argument_n the_o ancient_a writ_n extant_a for_o their_o wage_n 175._o be_v those_o of_o 28_o and_o 29_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o no_o record_n or_o law-book_n i_o have_v see_v derive_v their_o title_n high_o than_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o 12._o the_o first_o statute_n concern_v they_o be_v that_o of_o the_o 12_o of_o richard_n ii_o which_o only_o enact_v that_o the_o levy_v expense_n of_o knight_n shall_v be_v as_o have_v be_v use_v of_o old_a time_n 1._o the_o next_o statute_n be_v of_o 11_o of_o
h._n four_o and_o enact_v that_o knight_n of_o shire_n undue_o return_v shall_v lose_v their_o wage_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v not_o at_o or_o before_o the_o conquest_n accustom_v yea_o no_o man_n can_v prove_v there_o be_v any_o knight_n for_o county_n elect_v and_o send_v to_o parliament_n by_o the_o king_n writ_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o not_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o conqueror_n or_o before_o the_o conquest_n as_o mr._n lambard_n will_v strain_v it_o now_o as_o for_o the_o word_n antacessores_fw-la &_o progenitores_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n you_o have_v cite_v the_o former_a may_v very_o well_o signify_v the_o ancestor_n of_o those_o inhabitant_n of_o burrough_n or_o town_n and_o the_o latter_a the_o predecessor_n of_o the_o king_n that_o then_o be_v which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o and_o edward_z the_o three_o when_o those_o writ_n be_v grant_v need_v extend_v no_o high_o than_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o word_n in_o these_o writ_n as_o totu_fw-la timporibus_fw-la retroaclis_fw-la and_o a_o tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la ixtai_fw-la memoria_fw-la they_o must_v have_v the_o like_a interpretation_n or_o what_o be_v equivalent_a to_o it_o viz._n in_o all_o time_n pass_v or_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n i._n e._n before_o there_o be_v any_o knight_n elect_v for_o the_o country_n they_o be_v always_o free_a from_o contribute_v to_o their_o wage_n so_o that_o this_o prescription_n need_v not_o extend_v high_o than_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o above_o mention_v since_o which_o time_n it_o be_v true_a as_o they_o there_o set_v forth_o that_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n in_o all_o time_n or_o time_n beyond_o memory_n have_v always_o use_v to_o be_v quit_v from_o such_o expense_n of_o knight_n now_o there_o be_v many_o prescription_n and_o custom_n in_o use_n in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n and_o since_o which_o may_v be_v well_o say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d out_o of_o mind_n yet_o certain_o have_v their_o original_a not_o before_o but_o long_o since_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o brook_n fitzherbert_n and_o other_o law-book_n title_n custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o cook_n be_v first_o instit._n my_o lord_n hobard_v in_o his_o report_n 58.113_o that_o which_o have_v be_v use_v or_o 〈◊〉_d but_o two_o or_o three_o age_n only_o or_o out_o of_o the_o memory_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n then_o be_v be_v repute_v a_o legal_a custom_n 199._o or_o prescription_n 34_o henry_n vi_o brook_n be_v tit._n prescription_n therefore_o this_o prescription_n of_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o contribute_v to_o knight_n wage_n will_v no_o way_n warrant_v mr._n lambard_n conclusion_n from_o it_o ergo_fw-la there_o be_v election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n i_o be_o certain_a that_o at_o this_o day_n tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n can_v plead_v that_o both_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n never_o be_v accustom_v to_o pay_v excise_n for_o any_o thing_n for_o which_o excise_n be_v now_o pay_v will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v ergo_fw-la all_o other_o place_n now_o subject_a to_o pay_v excise_n be_v liable_a to_o it_o before_o the_o conquest_n when_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n impose_v but_o since_o the_o late_a war_n so_o that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi here_o prove_v that_o your_o and_o mr._n lambard_n argument_n from_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n and_o gavel-kind_n not_o pay_v in_o all_o time_n pass_v or_o time_n beyond_o memory_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v altogether_o fallacious_a and_o inconclusive_a f._n pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o reply_v to_o your_o answer_n before_o you_o proceed_v to_o speak_v of_o borroughs_n first_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o mr._n prin_fw-mi very_o much_o forget_v himself_o when_o he_o here_o say_v that_o the_o first_o writ_n for_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v but_o of_o the_o 28_o 141._o or_o 29_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o since_o you_o know_v better_o for_o your_o dr._n have_v print_v the_o writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n that_o serve_v in_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o you_o yourself_o have_v urge_v it_o to_o i_o that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o these_o knight_n have_v their_o expense_n allow_v they_o because_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o prout_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la simili_fw-la express_v therein_o which_o i_o tell_v you_o may_v be_v only_o through_o inadvertency_n of_o the_o clerk_n since_o the_o dr._n there_o give_v we_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 42d_o of_o that_o king_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o four_o knight_n of_o county_n who_o have_v appear_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n at_o the_o forego_n parliament_n be_v order_v their_o expense_n for_o go_v returning_z and_o stay_v at_o the_o say_a parliament_n which_o show_v that_o these_o writ_n be_v no_o new_a thing_n and_o if_o so_o be_v these_o knight_n have_v their_o expense_n allow_v they_o only_o for_o their_o attendance_n at_o a_o parliament_n it_o be_v much_o more_o reasonable_a and_o likely_a they_o have_v their_o expense_n allow_v when_o they_o make_v a_o part_n of_o it_o but_o to_o put_v this_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n mr._n prin_fw-mi himself_n have_v clear_v this_o point_n not_o only_o by_o print_v this_o very_a writ_n in_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n but_o by_o declare_v in_o the_o very_a first_o section_n of_o that_o volume_n that_o though_o after_o this_o writ_n no_o more_o be_v to_o be_v find_v of_o this_o sort_n extant_a upon_o the_o roll_n of_o henry_n iii_o till_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._o yet_o they_o be_v constant_o issue_v but_o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o parliament_n hold_v after_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o till_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v 35_o year_n space_n as_o this_o clause_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o 28_o 29_o and_o 33th_o of_o edward_n i._o prout_fw-la alius_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la consimili_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la assure_v we_o but_o all_o the_o bundle_n of_o writ_n from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hâ—nry_n the_o three_o till_o the_o 29_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v lose_v and_o no_o writ_n of_o summons_n from_o 49_o h._n 3_o enter_v in_o the_o clause_n roll_v till_o 22_o e._n 1._o though_o returnable_a into_o chancery_n no_o wonder_n that_o these_o writ_n de_fw-fr expensis_fw-la not_o returnable_a at_o all_o be_v not_o enroll_v till_o 28_o e._n 1._o after_o which_o they_o be_v usual_o endorse_v on_o the_o clause_n roll_v till_o the_o second_o of_o henry_n the_o five_o so_o that_o by_o mr._n prin_n own_o confession_n the_o loss_n of_o the_o writ_n from_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n 3._o till_o 28_o ed._n 1._o be_v no_o argument_n at_o all_o to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o writ_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n 3._o unless_o you_o 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of_o knight_n of_o shire_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v it_o far_o with_o you_o since_o it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o your_o common_a law_n in_o which_o i_o confess_v myself_o but_o mean_o skill_v but_o i_o shall_v take_v far_a time_n to_o advise_v with_o those_o that_o know_v better_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n let_v they_o have_v appear_v when_o you_o will_v their_o come_n to_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o before_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n i._o much_o less_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o mr._n pryn_n have_v in_o the_o same_o second_o part_n of_o this_o parliamentary_a register_n trace_v the_o summon_n of_o the_o burrough_n to_o their_o very_a original_a and_o prove_v it_o can_v not_o be_v ancient_a than_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d._n i_o shall_v here_o contract_v his_o argument_n and_o give_v you_o they_o as_o i_o do_v the_o former_a first_o 214._o he_o here_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v never_o but_o 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second_o that_o 22_o more_o here_o name_v of_o these_o 161_o never_o elect_v and_o return_v burgess_n but_o once_o and_o no_o more_o during_o all_o the_o say_a time_n three_o that_o many_o more_o of_o these_o ancient_a burrough_n here_o name_v never_o send_v member_n 225.226_o some_o of_o they_o more_o than_o twice_o other_o thrice_o other_o four_z other_o five_z other_o six_z other_o seven_z other_o eight_o time_n and_o lancaster_n have_v but_o 13_o election_n and_o return_v of_o burgess_n and_o no_o more_o during_o all_o the_o above_o mention_v reign_n four_o that_o although_o some_o of_o these_o burrough_n here_o name_v who_o seldom_o send_v any_o burgess_n though_o they_o be_v summon_v by_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n to_o elect_a burgess_n without_o any_o great_a interval_n of_o time_n to_o six_o or_o seven_o succeed_v parliament_n yet_o most_o of_o they_o have_v along_o discontinuance_n of_o time_n some_o of_o above_o 200_o other_o above_o 300_o year_n distance_n between_o those_o 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serve_v in_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n who_o never_o send_v any_o member_n before_o and_o precept_n to_o more_o that_o make_v no_o return_n at_o all_o thereupon_o as_o for_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n of_o dover_n romney_n sandwich_n winchelsey_n hastings_n hâ—the_n and_o rye_n though_o there_o be_v no_o original_a writ_n for_o or_o return_n of_o their_o elect_n and_o send_v baron_n to_o parliament_n now_o extant_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o 3d_o yet_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o clause_n roll_n that_o they_o send_v baron_n to_o parliament_n in_o 49th_o of_o henry_n and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n one_a and_o 2d_o of_o which_o more_o anon_o six_o that_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o henry_n the_o 5_o create_v no_o new_a burrough_n at_o all_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o writ_n or_o precept_n issue_v to_o or_o election_n of_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n by_o any_o new_a city_n or_o borroughs_n but_o such_o as_o elect_v they_o before_o their_o reign_n seven_o that_o about_o the_o midst_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o long_a reign_n there_o be_v precept_n issue_v to_o and_o return_v make_v by_o five_o new_a burrough_n and_o no_o more_o which_o never_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o viz._n gatton_n in_o surrey_n hâ—ytesbury_n hyndford_n westbury_n and_o wootton_n basset_n all_o in_o wiitshire_n yet_o very_o poor_a inconsiderable_a burrough_n though_o they_o elect_v burgess_n at_o this_o day_n that_o during_o edward_n the_o four_o reign_n there_o be_v one_o new_a burrough_n here_o name_v which_o begin_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n under_o he_o though_o it_o never_o send_v any_o before_o f._n well_o but_o how_o come_v this_o about_o that_o so_o many_o new_a burrough_n be_v make_v in_o some_o king_n reign_n and_o few_o or_o none_o in_o other_o â—_o and_o so_o many_o omit_v that_o have_v serve_v before_o in_o other_o parliament_n m._n pray_v read_v on_o and_o you_o will_v see_v this_o author_n give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n of_o that_o and_o impure_v it_o to_o two_o cause_n first_o the_o partiality_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentry_n who_o desire_v to_o be_v elect_v in_o such_o new_a burrough_n second_o the_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n who_o by_o divers_a charter_n to_o new_a corporation_n have_v give_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o pray_v see_v what_o this_o author_n here_o far_o say_v it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o precedent_a section_n and_o catalogue_n of_o ancient_a city_n 234._o burrough_n port_n and_o their_o return_n of_o writ_n and_o election_n before_o specify_v with_o these_o general_a clause_n after_o they_o non_fw-la sunt_fw-la aliae_fw-la or_o ullae_fw-la civitates_fw-la nec_fw-la burgi_n in_fw-la balliva_fw-la mea_fw-la or_o in_o comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la praeter_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o return_n of_o the_o sheriff_n of_o buck_n anno_fw-la 26_o of_o edward_n ay_o where_o he_o deny_v there_o be_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n in_o his_o whole_a county_n and_o yet_o the_o very_a next_o parliament_n but_o one_o within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o sheriff_n of_o buck_n return_v no_o less_o than_o three_o burrough_n viz._n agmundesham_n wycombe_n and_o wendover_n with_o the_o burgess_n name_n that_o be_v return_v so_o that_o the_o 78_o new_a burrough_n here_o name_v be_v late_o set_v up_o in_o the_o county_n since_o edward_n the_o 4ths_n reign_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ambition_n of_o private_a gentleman_n seek_v to_o be_v make_v burgess_n for_o they_o and_o consent_v of_o the_o poor_a burgess_n of_o they_o be_v court_v and_o feâ—sted_v by_o they_o for_o their_o vote_n without_o any_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v all_o i_o in_o poor_a inconsiderable_a burrough_n set_v up_o by_o the_o late_a return_v and_o practice_n of_o sheriff_n and_o though_o other_o may_v conceive_v that_o the_o power_n of_o our_o ancient_a burrough_n or_o city_n elect_v 230._o and_o send_v burgess_n and_o citizen_n to_o our_o parliament_n proceed_v original_o from_o some_o old_a charter_n of_o our_o king_n heretofore_o grant_v to_o they_o and_o to_o which_o opinion_n i_o once_o incline_v yet_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o new_a discovery_n of_o the_o old_a original_a of_o writ_n for_o elect_v knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n i_o find_v in_o caesar_n chapel_n have_v rectify_v my_o former_a mistake_n herein_o and_o abundant_o satisfy_v i_o that_o neither_o bare_a ancient_a custom_n or_o prescription_n before_o or_o since_o the_o conquest_n not_o our_o king_n charter_n but_o the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n precept_n and_o return_v of_o election_n of_o burgess_n and_o citizen_n for_o such_o burrough_n and_o city_n as_o they_o think_v meet_v by_o authority_n
be_v the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n and_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n for_o sweden_n it_o come_v near_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o danemark_n and_o have_v the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n as_o among_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n civitates_fw-la &_o vniversitates_fw-la the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a for_o so_o i_o think_v he_o mean_v by_o vniversitates_fw-la as_o tâ—uanus_n muster_v they_o 131._o to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v though_o here_o omit_v by_o this_o author_n the_o delegate_n of_o the_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n who_o make_v a_o four_o estate_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o realm_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n enjoy_v the_o place_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o religion_n to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o bishop_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o every_o sochen_n a_o division_n like_o our_o rural_a deanery_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o necessary_a vote_n in_o all_o their_o parliament_n and_n this_v swedish_n great_a council_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o it_o come_v very_o near_o our_o constitution_n in_o england_n in_o which_o i_o prove_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o not_o except_v the_o mean_a freeholder_n ancient_o have_v their_o representative_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o strange_a thing_n that_o can_v have_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o political_a constitution_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n if_o that_o of_o england_n though_o descend_v from_o the_o same_o gothick_n original_a and_o found_v according_a to_o the_o same_o model_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o or_o plebian_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o dr._n here_o conclude_v with_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o former_a of_o which_o since_o you_o agree_v to_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n i_o need_v not_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o since_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v and_o as_o for_o england_n he_o own_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o chapter_n 193._o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n be_v call_v to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v under_o henry_n the_o ad_fw-la at_o clerkâ—nwell_n m_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v out_o of_o dr._n heylins_n treatise_n yet_o whether_o they_o be_v there_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o those_o government_n be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o leisure_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nor_o at_o what_o time_n each_o state_n begin_v to_o come_v to_o these_o great_a council_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remark_n that_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o sweden_n come_v near_o to_o that_o constitution_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o also_o other_o kingdom_n where_o feudatory_a tenor_n be_v observe_v and_o consequent_o none_o but_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o baron_n by_o knight_n service_n 96._o and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o all_o those_o foreign_a council_n or_o dyeâ—s_n etc._n etc._n at_o first_o be_v all_o the_o same_o as_o consist_v of_o emperor_n or_o king_n with_o their_o earl_n and_o baron_n bishop_n and_o great_a officer_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o all_o the_o old_a german_a and_o french_a author_n and_o since_o city_n send_v deputy_n in_o germany_n and_o italy_n 126._o they_o be_v only_o from_o imperial_a city_n the_o like_a i_o believe_v will_v be_v find_v in_o france_n and_o those_o other_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v show_v i_o unless_o in_o sweden_n any_o representative_n elect_v by_o the_o common_a people_n or_o rustic_n distinct_a from_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n like_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o england_n so_o that_o i_o still_o doubt_v whether_o all_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o nobility_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o f._n that_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o you_o i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o clergy_n who_o still_o make_v the_o first_o estate_n in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o they_o never_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d in_o their_o great_a council_n by_o that_o tenure_n that_o institution_n be_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v peculiar_a to_o england_n and_o introduce_v by_o your_o conqueror_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v and_o as_o for_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o france_n not_o only_o those_o nobleman_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o military_a service_n but_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o libero_fw-la alodio_n without_o any_o such_o service_n at_o all_o have_v place_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o city_n and_o town_n that_o send_v deputy_n to_o it_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o come_v to_o 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england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o 〈◊〉_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v aâ—_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o siâ—_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o 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consent_n assert_v that_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o militia_n or_o military_a force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v even_o so_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n power_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n that_o no_o man_n can_v without_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n take_v up_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a without_o his_o commission_n to_o authorise_v he_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o no_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o averse_a to_o all_o forcible_a resistance_n than_o our_o own_o the_o king_n have_v be_v even_o from_o your_o time_n beyond_o memory_n so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o power_n of_o raise_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a arm_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o ed._n i._o against_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o treatise_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o that_o in_o the_o last_o parliament_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o 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interpretation_n of_o it_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_a treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n person_n but_o to_o take_v arm_n to_o make_v any_o reformation_n or_o alteration_n in_o church_n or_o state_n without_o the_o king_n authority_n nor_o can_v any_o subject_n of_o england_n justify_v the_o take_a arm_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o dr._n story_n report_n who_o be_v execute_v for_o treason_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v that_o the_o very_a consultation_n concern_v make_v war_n against_o the_o queen_n shall_v be_v interpret_v a_o make_v war_n against_o her_o person_n and_o suppose_v a_o design_n against_o her_o life_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a law_n of_o england_n all_o defensive_a as_o 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from_o that_o seven_o edward_n the_o first_o i_o think_v that_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n do_v the_o business_n for_o which_o you_o design_v it_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n this_o be_v only_a declaration_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n to_o defend_v i._n e._n forbid_v all_o force_n of_o arm_n but_o mark_v sir_n what_o force_n sure_o it_o be_v only_o mean_v of_o such_o force_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o forbid_v viz._n force_n of_o arm_n against_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o such_o as_o he_o may_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o the_o statute_n express_o declare_v that_o as_o subject_n they_o be_v hereunto_o bind_v aid_v he_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n at_o all_o time_n when_o need_n shall_v be_v but_o do_v this_o act_n any_o where_o say_v that_o he_o have_v a_o irresistible_a power_n to_o disturb_v this_o peace_n by_o 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subject_n there_o lay_v down_o into_o eight_o discourse_n since_o be_v oblige_v to_o vindicate_v the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o cavil_n of_o some_o late_a writer_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o consider_v what_o dr._n brady_n have_v with_o so_o great_a industry_n heap_v together_o against_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v ancient_o a_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o iii_o in_o the_o do_n of_o which_o if_o i_o have_v prove_v too_o prolix_a i_o can_v only_o say_v i_o can_v not_o avoid_v it_o without_o baulk_a those_o argument_n the_o doctor_n have_v make_v use_n of_o to_o support_v his_o opinion_n but_o have_v already_o treat_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o dialogue_n upon_o the_o question_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n as_o a_o moralist_n and_o a_o divine_a i_o come_v now_o to_o handle_v the_o same_o question_n as_o a_o lawyer_n and_o to_o examine_v whether_o by_o the_o 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either_o and_o therefore_o i_o only_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o peruse_v this_o discourse_n without_o passion_n or_o prejudice_n and_o then_o it_o be_v indifferent_a to_o i_o what_o party_n he_o take_v since_o i_o think_v man_n may_v be_v honest_a and_o conscientious_a who_o believe_v either_o way_n and_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v nor_o desire_v any_o man_n to_o be_v of_o this_o or_o that_o opinion_n far_o than_o his_o reason_n shall_v guide_v he_o in_o which_o if_o he_o be_v mistake_v he_o have_v no_o body_n to_o blame_v but_o himself_o since_o he_o be_v not_o sit_v to_o judge_v who_o be_v to_o be_v trust_v with_o argument_n only_o for_o that_o which_o he_o already_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o right_a side_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o mind_n you_o of_o at_o present_a but_o to_o suppose_v these_o paper_n to_o be_v write_v before_o their_o present_a majesty_n be_v declare_v king_n and_o queen_n and_o in_o a_o time_n when_o every_o body_n not_o only_o think_v but_o speak_v free_o the_o nine_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n and_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n f._n sir_n i_o be_o glad_a to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o for_o i_o be_v just_a now_o look_v over_o some_o of_o our_o old_a historian_n that_o lie_v here_o upon_o the_o table_n to_o rub_v up_o my_o memory_n for_o sufficient_a instance_n and_o authority_n that_o it_o have_v be_v always_o the_o receive_a and_o constant_a custom_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o defend_v the_o ancient_a government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n by_o general_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o also_o their_o just_a liberty_n and_o property_n not_o only_o by_o remonstrance_n and_o petition_n to_o but_o by_o force_n too_o against_o the_o king_n and_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o in_o case_n they_o find_v they_o evident_o and_o violent_o invade_v beyond_o what_o any_o fair_a or_o gentle_a mean_n and_o intercession_n be_v able_a to_o redress_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v go_v as_o high_a as_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n be_v descend_v after_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v prevail_v over_o all_o the_o rest_n i_o shall_v therefore_o begin_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o sigehert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n who_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o your_o six_o conversation_n break_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o tyrannize_a over_o all_o form_n of_o people_n be_v in_o a_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n depose_v and_o expel_v into_o the_o forest_n of_o audredswald_n where_o he_o be_v afterward_o slay_v by_o a_o hogheard_n as_o the_o saxon_n annal_n under_o the_o year_n 755._o as_o also_o huntingdon_n and_o malâ—sbury_n relate_v i_o shall_v not_o mention_v the_o deposition_n of_o king_n edwin_n by_o the_o mercian_n and_o northumbrian_n and_o their_o choose_v his_o brother_n edgar_n in_o his_o stead_n because_o not_o do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o also_o for_o slight_a and_o insufficient_a ground_n therefore_o since_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n do_v afford_v we_o no_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n among_o the_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_a race_n to_o which_o i_o only_o confine_v myself_o since_o those_o king_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o war_n with_o the_o dane_n to_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v somewhat_o else_o to_o think_v on_o than_o the_o make_n themselves_o absolute_a or_o tyrannize_a over_o their_o subject_n but_o indeed_o there_o be_v scarce_o to_o be_v find_v in_o history_n a_o succession_n of_o more_o mild_a just_a and_o valiant_a prince_n than_o egbert_n the_o first_o king_n of_o all_o england_n and_o his_o descendant_n m._n pray_v sir_n tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_v you_o cite_v these_o instance_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n depose_v and_o cast_v off_o their_o king_n in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n be_v it_o that_o you_o will_v justify_v that_o commonwealth_n principle_n that_o the_o parliament_n have_v the_o like_a power_n to_o depose_v the_o king_n at_o this_o day_n in_o case_n of_o any_o infringement_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n as_o those_o of_o your_o party_n now_o term_v it_o if_o you_o do_v pray_v speak_v plain_a and_o then_o i_o shall_v know_v what_o answer_n to_o give_v you_o f._n i_o assert_v it_o as_o undeniable_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o the_o english_a saxon_n do_v often_o exercise_v that_o power_n they_o have_v reserve_v to_o themselves_o of_o elect_v and_o depose_v their_o king_n when_o they_o become_v insupportable_a for_o tyranny_n or_o misgovernment_n as_o appear_v not_o only_o in_o
earl_n and_o in_o the_o like_a pardon_n to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o i_o now_o also_o quote_v those_o lord_n will_v not_o own_o they_o have_v transgress_v but_o the_o word_n be_v only_o etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la quas_fw-la fecerit_fw-la so_o that_o since_o such_o reformation_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v about_o without_o violence_n and_o bloodshed_n and_o some_o irregularity_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o their_o future_a security_n they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v with_o so_o good_a a_o intent_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o title_n such_o king_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o to_o their_o be_v king_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o like_a act_n of_o pardon_n pass_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o to_o pardon_v and_o save_v harmless_a all_o those_o that_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n and_o all_o that_o help_v he_o to_o recover_v his_o just_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o there_o call_v that_o usurper_n so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o just_a title_n of_o prince_n nor_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o war_n but_o be_v to_o quiet_a man_n mind_n under_o the_o new_a government_n whereas_o those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o the_o usurper_n be_v not_o pardon_v but_o leave_v to_o the_o law_n since_o the_o present_a government_n will_v not_o take_v care_n for_o their_o security_n that_o have_v obstruct_v its_o settlement_n so_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n of_o the_o second_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o though_o it_o pardon_v treason_n express_o yet_o it_o as_o well_o 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against_o those_o that_o be_v commissioned_n by_o he_o in_o pursuance_n of_o such_o military_a commission_n and_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o mayor_n of_o city_n or_o other_o corporation_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o former_a statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o this_o king_n to_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n from_o both_o which_o statute_n and_o declaration_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o the_o militia_n i._n e._n the_o command_n of_o all_o military_a force_n and_o warlike_a affair_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n second_o that_o either_o or_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n can_v make_v any_o war_n offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o he_o etc._n etc._n pray_v mark_v that_o three_o that_o the_o contrary_a practice_n have_v tend_v almost_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o many_o evil_a and_o rebellious_a principle_n whereof_o this_o without_o doubt_n be_v intend_v for_o the_o chief_a have_v be_v instill_v 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extremity_n as_o they_o afterward_o be_v and_o as_o i_o will_v not_o justify_v the_o deposition_n of_o those_o prince_n though_o do_v by_o parliament_n yet_o will_v i_o not_o absolute_o condemn_v they_o since_o no_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v as_o i_o know_v ever_o do_v it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a all_o the_o proceed_n in_o parliament_n against_o edward_n the_o second_o be_v take_v off_o the_o roll_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o do_v by_o order_n of_o parliament_n but_o by_o richard_n the_o 2d_o alone_o when_o he_o by_o his_o exorbitant_a course_n fear_v to_o be_v serve_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o that_o there_o be_v in_o those_o time_n some_o ancient_a law_n extant_a which_o be_v also_o destroy_v by_o that_o king_n appear_v by_o that_o remarkable_a declaration_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n send_v by_o way_n of_o message_n to_o the_o king_n than_o wilful_o absent_v himself_o from_o the_o parliament_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n his_o uncle_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n who_o sure_o be_v too_o great_a to_o tell_v so_o notorious_a a_o lie_n 2683._o the_o speech_n you_o will_v find_v at_o large_a in_o knyghton_n begin_v thus_o domine_fw-la râ—x_fw-la and_o after_o many_o petition_n and_o good_a advice_n at_o last_o thus_o conclude_v which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a sed_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la aeliud_fw-la de_fw-la animo_fw-la nostro_fw-la superest_fw-la nobis_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la populi_n vestri_fw-la vobis_fw-la intimare_fw-la habint_fw-la enim_fw-la ex_fw-la antiquo_fw-la statuto_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la non_fw-la long_o retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la experienter_fw-la quod_fw-la dolendum_fw-la est_fw-la habito_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la maligno_fw-la consilio_fw-la quocunque_fw-la vel_fw-la inepta_fw-la conâ—â—macia_n aut_fw-la contemptu_fw-la seu_fw-la protervae_fw-la voluntate_fw-la singulari_fw-la aut_fw-la quovis_fw-la modo_fw-la irregulari_fw-la se_fw-la alienaverit_fw-la à _fw-la populo_fw-la svo_fw-la nec_fw-la voluerit_fw-la per_fw-la jura_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o statuta_fw-la &_o laudabiles_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la cum_fw-la salubri_fw-la consilio_fw-la dominorum_fw-la &_o procerum_fw-la regni_fw-la gubernari_fw-la &_o regulari_fw-la sed_fw-la captiosâ—_n in_o suis_fw-la inâ—anis_fw-la confiliis_fw-la propriam_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la svam_fw-la singularem_fw-la proterve_fw-la exercere_fw-la tunc_fw-la licituâ—_n est_fw-la iis_fw-la cum_fw-la comâ—uni_fw-la assensu_fw-la populi_n regni_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la de_fw-la regali_fw-la solio_fw-la abrogare_fw-la &_o propinquiorem_fw-la aliquem_fw-la de_fw-la stirpe_fw-la regis_fw-la loco_fw-la ejus_fw-la in_o regni_fw-la solio_fw-la sublimare_fw-la from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o lord_n here_o relate_v to_o a_o ancient_a statute_n or_o law_n then_o in_o be_v though_o the_o execution_n of_o it_o on_o the_o person_n of_o his_o great_a grandfather_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v but_o of_o time_n not_o long_o pass_v and_o that_o king_n richard_n may_v as_o well_o destroy_v the_o record_n of_o that_o law_n be_v not_o then_o common_o know_v or_o in_o private_a man_n hand_n as_o well_o as_o he_o do_v divers_a other_o record_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o 24_o article_n against_o this_o king_n wherein_o it_o be_v set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a king_n have_v cause_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o record_n touch_v the_o state_n and_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v deface_v and_o raze_v to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o his_o people_n and_o the_o disinherison_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n at_o that_o time_n do_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o their_o undoubted_a right_n to_o depose_v the_o king_n in_o case_n he_o violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o how_o this_o can_v consist_v with_o that_o power_n which_o the_o king_n then_o exercise_v of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v parliament_n at_o his_o pleasure_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v since_o it_o can_v never_o be_v suppose_v that_o a_o king_n if_o in_o full_a power_n will_v permit_v a_o parliament_n call_v in_o his_o name_n to_o sit_v to_o depose_v himself_o for_o evil_a government_n as_o for_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o two_o house_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o justify_v for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v as_o also_o because_o it_o it_o be_v not_o a_o war_n undertake_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o carry_v on_o chief_o by_o the_o puritan_n or_o presbyterian_a party_n for_o though_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o many_o other_o great_a town_n be_v for_o the_o parliament_n yet_o it_o be_v also_o certain_a that_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o england_n fight_v for_o the_o king_n and_o be_v so_o considerable_a a_o number_n as_o to_o make_v a_o anti-parliament_n at_o oxford_n so_o that_o this_o war_n can_v never_o have_v happen_v have_v not_o the_o king_n part_v with_o the_o power_n of_o
there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n leave_v but_o to_o resist_v it_o if_o they_o be_v able_a m._n i_o can_v give_v you_o very_o good_a reason_n to_o satisfy_v you_o why_o though_o i_o grant_v private_a subject_n may_v judge_v of_o the_o legality_n or_o illegality_n of_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o also_o refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o illegal_a command_n and_o also_o that_o all_o public_a officer_n ought_v to_o take_v care_n at_o their_o peril_n how_o they_o act_v by_o or_o execute_v such_o illegal_a commission_n yet_o that_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o such_o illegal_a commission_n or_o order_n though_o execute_v upon_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v resist_v by_o they_o for_o all_o limitation_n of_o the_o royal_a power_n be_v only_o voluntary_a and_o proceed_v from_o the_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n they_o be_v not_o compellable_n by_o force_n or_o resistable_a if_o they_o shall_v impose_v their_o own_o proclamation_n deinde_fw-la or_o edict_n upon_o we_o instead_o of_o law_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o just_a or_o legal_a authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n and_o that_o if_o he_o know_o put_v any_o subject_n to_o death_n contrary_a to_o law_n he_o be_v a_o murderer_n and_o no_o prince_n can_v have_v any_o such_o prerogative_n as_o to_o commit_v open_a downright_a murder_n either_o in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o those_o who_o act_n by_o commission_n from_o he_o but_o what_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o they_o may_v resist_v or_o oppose_v they_o if_o they_o do_v this_o i_o absolute_o deny_v because_o god_n and_o the_o law_n have_v command_v we_o not_o to_o resist_v and_o i_o see_v no_o inconsistency_n between_o those_o two_o proposition_n that_o a_o king_n have_v no_o authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n and_o yet_o that_o neither_o he_o nor_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o though_o act_v against_o law_n may_v be_v resist_v both_o the_o law_n of_o god_n 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you_o have_v but_o attend_v better_a to_o my_o discourse_n at_o our_o 3d_o and_o four_o meeting_n you_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o i_o plain_o enough_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o god_n have_v not_o give_v prince_n nor_o those_o commissioned_n by_o they_o any_o authority_n to_o murder_n or_o enslave_v their_o subject_n and_o yourself_o then_o grant_v that_o every_o man_n have_v power_n to_o defend_v his_o life_n against_o he_o who_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o 59_o which_o hold_v more_o strong_o in_o our_o constitution_n where_o if_o the_o king_n give_v a_o man_n a_o commission_n to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v altogether_o void_a and_o the_o people_n may_v as_o well_o justify_v their_o resistance_n of_o those_o officer_n or_o soldier_n who_o shall_v come_v to_o dragoon_n or_o persecute_v they_o for_o profess_v the_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n as_o if_o he_o have_v send_v they_o downright_a to_o cut_v their_o throat_n 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preservation_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o limit_a kingdom_n there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n of_o defensive_a arm_n upon_o a_o general_a breach_n or_o violation_n of_o any_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n since_o it_o can_v be_v keep_v or_o maintain_v without_o such_o resistance_n be_v allow_v so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n have_v no_o authority_n to_o act_v contrary_a to_o law_n he_o can_v sure_o delegate_v that_o to_o other_o which_o he_o have_v not_o in_o himself_o and_o consequent_o such_o commission_n to_o persecute_v or_o murder_n man_n contrary_a to_o law_n be_v in_o themselves_o void_a the_o person_n that_o execute_v they_o be_v no_o officer_n may_v be_v just_o resist_v and_o the_o resistance_n of_o such_o a_o illegal_a act_n do_v not_o at_o all_o derogate_a from_o his_o sovereignty_n as_o king_n since_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o be_v limit_v only_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o legal_a act_n and_o extend_v not_o to_o illegal_a order_n or_o command_v and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reason_n you_o give_v against_o this_o resistance_n viz._n because_o he_o who_o exceed_v the_o just_a bound_n of_o his_o authority_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n for_o it_o only_o by_o those_o who_o have_v a_o superior_a authority_n to_o do_v it_o whereas_o no_o power_n whatsoever_o be_v accountable_a to_o a_o inferior_a you_o do_v but_o impose_v upon_o i_o and_o yourself_o the_o same_o fallacy_n which_o you_o have_v so_o often_o make_v use_n of_o in_o make_v be_v accountable_a all_o one_o with_o irresistible_a which_o be_v vast_o different_a and_o therefore_o your_o conclusion_n be_v as_o false_a that_o because_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n may_v exceed_v his_o authority_n and_o be_v only_o accountable_a for_o it_o to_o god_n that_o therefore_o he_o can_v be_v resist_v by_o his_o own_o subject_n for_o he_o may_v
be_v resist_v and_o yet_o be_v still_o unaccountable_a those_o two_o differ_v as_o must_v we_o self-defence_n do_v from_o punishment_n as_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o tell_v you_o m._n i_o can_v rest_v satisfy_v with_o this_o reply_n for_o though_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o 193._o that_o a_o act_n without_o a_o legal_a authority_n carry_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o along_o with_o it_o and_o therefore_o can_v oblige_v the_o subject_a to_o obedience_n now_o this_o be_v true_a if_o by_o obedience_n you_o mean_v a_o active_a obedience_n for_o i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o do_v a_o ill_a thing_n or_o a_o illegal_a action_n because_o my_o prince_n command_v i_o but_o if_o you_o mean_v passive_a obedience_n it_o be_v as_o manifest_o false_a for_o i_o be_o bind_v to_o obey_v that_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v my_o prince_n when_o he_o offer_v i_o the_o most_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a violence_n nay_o it_o be_v very_o false_a and_o absurd_a to_o say_v that_o every_o illegal_a be_v a_o inauthoritative_a act_n which_o carry_v no_o obligation_n with_o it_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o human_a judicature_n and_o the_o daily_a experience_n of_o man_n who_o suffer_v in_o their_o life_n body_n or_o estate_n by_o a_o unjust_a or_o illegal_a sentence_n every_o judgement_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o that_o sense_n illegal_a and_o yet_o such_o illegal_a judgement_n have_v their_o authority_n and_o obligation_n till_o they_o be_v rescind_v by_o some_o high_a authority_n this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o appeal_n from_o inferior_a to_o superior_a court_n to_o rectify_v illegal_a proceed_n and_o reverse_v illegal_a judgement_n which_o suppose_v that_o such_o illegal_a act_n have_v authority_n till_o they_o be_v make_v null_n and_o void_a by_o a_o high_a power_n and_o if_o the_o high_a power_n from_o whence_o lie_v no_o appeal_n confirm_v and_o ratify_v a_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a sentence_n it_o carry_v so_o much_o authority_n and_o obligation_n with_o it_o that_o the_o injure_v person_n have_v no_o redress_n but_o must_v patient_o submit_v and_o thus_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v or_o there_o can_v be_v no_o end_n of_o dispute_n nor_o any_o order_n or_o government_n observe_v in_o human_a society_n and_o this_o be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n that_o though_o the_o law_n be_v the_o rule_n according_a to_o which_o prince_n ought_v to_o exercise_v their_o authority_n and_o power_n yet_o the_o authority_n be_v not_o in_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o person_n that_o execute_v they_o for_o otherwise_o why_o be_v not_o a_o sentence_n pronounce_v according_a to_o law_n by_o a_o private_a person_n of_o as_o much_o authority_n as_o a_o sentence_n pronounce_v by_o a_o judge_n or_o how_o do_v a_o illegal_a sentence_n pronounce_v by_o a_o judge_n come_v to_o have_v any_o authority_n for_o a_o sentence_n contrary_a to_o law_n can_v have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n and_o why_o be_v a_o 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and_o distinct_a from_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n will_v prove_v a_o mere_a notion_n for_o you_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o just_a or_o legal_a authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n and_o that_o if_o he_o put_v any_o man_n to_o death_n contrary_a to_o it_o it_o be_v downright_a murder_n but_o you_o will_v not_o allow_v that_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v thus_o murder_v never_o so_o many_o thousand_o either_o he_o or_o those_o instrument_n of_o tyranny_n may_v be_v resist_v and_o therefore_o you_o will_v fain_o top_v upon_o i_o your_o old_a distinction_n of_o a_o active_a and_o passive_a obedience_n the_o former_a of_o which_o i_o very_o well_o understand_v but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a i_o have_v long_o since_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v any_o obedience_n that_o it_o be_v indeed_o downright_a disobedience_n or_o a_o refusal_n to_o do_v that_o which_o the_o prince_n command_v so_o that_o true_o yourself_o have_v teach_v i_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a authority_n and_o his_o legal_a for_o otherwise_o why_o be_v you_o not_o as_o much_o oblige_v to_o yield_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a illegal_a commission_n or_o command_v as_o to_o his_o legal_a one_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o so_o then_o all_o the_o difference_n between_o we_o lie_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o disobedience_n you_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a not_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o such_o illegal_a commission_n and_o command_n and_o i_o that_o beside_o this_o denial_n of_o obedience_n if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o fundamental_a point_n and_o that_o which_o general_o concern_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o be_v disobey_v but_o resist_v too_o if_o force_v upon_o we_o with_o violence_n and_o therefore_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o authority_n to_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o submit_v consist_v not_o in_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o person_n though_o act_v contrary_a to_o law_n be_v according_o to_o your_o own_o way_n of_o reason_v altogether_o unconclusive_a and_o far_o when_o you_o say_v that_o it_o be_v false_a and_o absurd_a to_o affirm_v that_o every_o illegal_a be_v a_o unauthoritative_a act_n which_o carry_v no_o obligation_n with_o it_o i_o shall_v prove_v that_o this_o absurdity_n lie_v whole_o on_o your_o side_n for_o 1._o legal_a and_o authoritative_a 15._o be_v all_o one_o in_o our_o law_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o legal_a carry_v no_o authority_n along_o with_o it_o so_o that_o illegal_a authority_n be_v in_o plaiâ—â—_n english_a unlawful_a lawful_a power_n nor_o have_v k._n charles_n 1._o any_o such_o extravagant_a notion_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n who_o certain_o understand_v his_o own_o power_n better_o than_o you_o or_o i_o when_o he_o own_v in_o his_o declaration_n to_o the_o long_a parliament_n date_v from_o newmarket_n 1641._o that_o the_o law_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o his_o power_n which_o be_v as_o full_a a_o concession_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o affirm_v as_o word_n can_v express_v for_o if_o the_o law_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o it_o than_o his_o royal_a power_n or_o authority_n which_o be_v all_o one_o be_v limit_v by_o it_o for_o the_o measure_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o limit_n or_o bound_n of_o the_o thing_n limit_v and_o when_o it_o exceed_v those_o bound_n it_o be_v a_o illegal_a and_o consequent_o a_o unauthoritative_a act_n which_o carry_v no_o obligation_n either_o active_a or_o passive_a along_o with_o it_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o say_v king_n answer_n to_o both_o house_n concern_v the_o militia_n speak_v of_o the_o man_n by_o they_o name_v to_o he_o to_o be_v commissioner_n for_o it_o he_o thus_o reply_v if_o more_o power_n shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o than_o by_o law_n be_v in_o the_o crown_n itself_o his_o majesty_n hold_v it_o reasonable_a that_o the_o same_o be_v by_o some_o law_n first_o vest_v in_o he_o with_o power_n to_o transfer_v it_o to_o these_o person_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o passage_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o all_o the_o power_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o crown_n concern_v the_o militia_n be_v by_o or_o from_o the_o law_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o more_o authority_n than_o what_o be_v vest_v in_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 2._o your_o argument_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o human_a judicature_n be_v also_o very_o fallacious_a for_o you_o argue_v from_o the_o bare_a abuse_n of_o a_o trust_n or_o commission_n with_o the_o execution_n of_o which_o all_o judge_n &_o officer_n must_v be_v entrust_v to_o that_o which_o be_v quite_o of_o another_o nature_n viz_o when_o the_o person_n entrust_v act_n direct_o contrary_a to_o his_o commission_n or_o without_o any_o commission_n
at_o all_o and_o therefore_o you_o be_v quite_o out_o in_o your_o law_n when_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o absolute_a illegal_a judgement_n be_v valid_a till_o it_o be_v reverse_v for_o if_o it_o be_v appearant_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a form_n of_o law_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v valid_a that_o though_o it_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n it_o will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o null_n and_o do_v without_o any_o authority_n at_o all_o as_o suppose_v the_o king_n in_o person_n or_o any_o inferior_a judge_n 16._o shall_v condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v either_o contrary_a to_o the_o verdict_n of_o his_o jury_n or_o without_o any_o jury_n at_o all_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v authoritative_a or_o valid_a that_o such_o a_o judgement_n be_v void_a in_o itself_o and_o those_o be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n who_o execute_v it_o and_o it_o will_v need_v no_o writ_n of_o error_n to_o reverse_v it_o but_o i_o suppose_v by_o illegal_a judgement_n 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person_n and_o which_o if_o not_o allow_v will_v draw_v much_o worse_a consequence_n along_o with_o it_o and_o therefore_o as_o for_o the_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n we_o contend_v for_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o immemorial_n right_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o man_n life_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o person_n aly_a the_o security_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o civil_a property_n and_o 3_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o religion_n as_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n all_o which_o i_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o no_o freeman_n of_o england_n ought_v to_o be_v imprison_v or_o arrest_v contrary_a to_o law_n freeman_n without_o specify_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o commitment_n in_o the_o warrant_n or_o 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by_o his_o majesty_n and_o those_o of_o the_o popish_a â—unto_n that_o advise_v he_o to_o issue_v out_o the_o late_a declaration_n so_o express_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n and_o which_o give_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o petition_v against_o it_o and_o this_o be_v so_o evident_a that_o a_o jury_n in_o which_o the_o great_a part_n be_v high_a prerogative_n man_n can_v not_o upon_o a_o fair_a trial_n but_o acquit_v they_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o further_o dispute_v this_o point_n since_o you_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o it_o though_o i_o must_v still_o tell_v you_o i_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n for_o the_o nation_n take_v up_o arm_n for_o a_o reason_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o head_n complain_v of_o in_o the_o prince_n late_a 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for_o it_o in_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o that_o no_o public_a disturbance_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v make_v about_o it_o because_o the_o thing_n that_o that_o pretend_a court_n do_v be_v but_o of_o a_o particular_a concern_v and_o only_o reach_v the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o one_o single_a college_n that_o be_v but_o a_o fallacy_n which_o you_o put_v upon_o yourself_o for_o sure_o if_o you_o have_v better_o consider_v of_o it_o you_o will_v find_v that_o what_o these_o commissioner_n have_v already_o do_v be_v of_o a_o little_a more_o public_a concernment_n than_o you_o be_v aware_a of_o for_o pray_v tell_v i_o why_o by_o the_o same_o law_n by_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n be_v suspend_v for_o his_o refusal_n to_o silence_n dr._n sharp_a all_o the_o bishop_n in_o england_n may_v not_o have_v be_v suspend_v one_o after_o another_o by_o that_o pretend_a court_n if_o they_o have_v refuse_v to_o obey_v or_o execute_v any_o letter_n or_o order_n from_o the_o king_n 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court_n take_v upon_o it_o to_o judge_n of_o matrimonial_a cause_n about_o alimony_n and_o concern_v â—lmoniacal_a contract_n and_o all_o other_o misdemeanour_n both_o of_o clergy_n and_o laity_n against_o religion_n and_o good_a manner_n which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o late_a high_a commission_n court_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o determine_v and_o if_o they_o do_v not_o meddle_v with_o popish_a or_o nonconformist_a meeting_n it_o be_v because_o their_o hand_n be_v so_o tie_v up_o by_o the_o late_a declaration_n of_o indulgence_n that_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o meddle_v either_o with_o papist_n or_o dissenter_n m._n i_o shall_v make_v no_o far_o reply_v appresent_v to_o what_o you_o now_o say_v till_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v once_o for_o all_o therefore_o i_o shall_v go_v on_o to_o the_o next_o thing_n except_v against_o in_o the_o prince_n declaration_n viz._n the_o erect_n of_o public_a chapel_n for_o mass_n the_o protect_a of_o priest_n and_o the_o make_v a_o jesuit_n 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power_n and_o to_o turn_v out_o those_o that_o refuse_v to_o comply_v mere_o because_o they_o will_v not_o serve_v his_o arbitrary_a design_n and_o then_o to_o put_v in_o the_o mean_a and_o most_o mercenary_a lawyer_n at_o the_o bar_n nay_o some_o who_o never_o come_v thither_o at_o all_o into_o their_o place_n for_o no_o other_o merit_n or_o good_a quality_n but_o because_o they_o will_v serve_v a_o turn_n be_v so_o notorious_a a_o breach_n of_o his_o oath_n that_o it_o can_v not_o fail_v in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o destroy_v all_o our_o common_a as_o well_o as_o our_o statute_n law_n since_o these_o be_v all_o late_o lodge_v in_o their_o breast_n and_o resolve_v into_o their_o arbitrary_a determination_n which_o yet_o as_o all_o the_o world_n know_v be_v whole_o manage_v by_o the_o influence_n and_o command_n of_o the_o court_n and_o this_o i_o say_v again_o be_v as_o notorious_a a_o abuse_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n as_o if_o he_o have_v put_v in_o high-way-man_n into_o 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justice_n of_o peace_n to_o know_v whether_o they_o will_v concur_v with_o the_o king_n in_o the_o repeal_n of_o the_o test_n and_o penal_a law_n and_o turn_v all_o such_o out_o of_o commission_n as_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n desire_n in_o this_o matter_n now_o though_o i_o will_v not_o say_v it_o be_v well_o or_o prudent_o do_v yet_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o think_v the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n may_v justify_v the_o do_n of_o since_o he_o may_v by_o law_n give_v a_o quietus_n est_fw-la to_o what_o judge_n he_o please_v and_o put_v in_o or_o out_o of_o commission_n whether_o civil_a or_o military_a what_o person_n he_o think_v fit_a and_o as_o for_o the_o person_n so_o examine_v they_o may_v have_v choose_v whether_o they_o will_v have_v give_v any_o positive_a answer_n to_o the_o question_n put_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n
open_a to_o he_o be_v too_o timorous_a then_o to_o have_v put_v in_o any_o magistrate_n into_o corporation_n but_o such_o as_o be_v for_o the_o protestant_a religion_n as_o it_o stand_v by_o law_n establish_v and_o such_o however_o angry_a they_o may_v be_v with_o those_o they_o call_v whig_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o oppose_v the_o duke_n succession_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o i_o believe_v most_o of_o they_o will_v never_o have_v give_v up_o the_o freedom_n of_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n or_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n to_o bring_v in_o popery_n among_o we_o so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o thing_n remain_v in_o this_o state_n there_o be_v some_o hope_n still_o lest_o of_o a_o redress_n of_o our_o grievance_n whenever_o a_o parliament_n have_v meet_v and_o that_o the_o nation_n be_v grow_v more_o cool_a and_o have_v come_v to_o itself_o again_o after_o those_o heat_n which_o have_v rise_v in_o the_o late_a parliament_n about_o the_o succession_n and_o other_o thing_n whereas_o 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papist_n give_v protestant_n the_o least_o forbearance_n or_o show_v they_o any_o mercy_n long_o than_o whilst_o it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o hurt_v they_o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n we_o can_v but_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o what_o have_v be_v so_o late_o do_v in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n for_o the_o introduce_v of_o popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n in_o those_o kingdom_n since_o the_o latter_a be_v notorious_o know_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o same_o law_n as_o england_n and_o it_o be_v as_o much_o against_o the_o law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o it_o be_v of_o we_o for_o the_o irish_a papist_n to_o be_v put_v in_o arm_n and_o the_o protestant_a militia_n disarm_v and_o for_o popish_a judge_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o be_v put_v in_o commission_n as_o have_v be_v practise_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o lord_n tyrconnel_n and_o if_o english_a protestant_n in_o ireland_n can_v enjoy_v their_o estate_n and_o liberty_n 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to_o hinder_v free_a election_n and_o due_a return_n of_o parliament_n man_n by_o make_v either_o popish_a or_o fanatical_a sheriff_n and_o put_v mayor_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o like_a principle_n into_o most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o corporate_a town_n in_o england_n nor_o can_v i_o tell_v but_o that_o force_n will_v also_o have_v be_v use_v if_o they_o find_v they_o can_v not_o have_v compass_v their_o design_n without_o it_o in_o those_o place_n where_o soldier_n be_v quarter_v since_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v that_o at_o the_o late_a intend_a election_n of_o burgess_n for_o northampton_n and_o brackly_n the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n quarter_v at_o those_o place_n declare_v that_o none_o of_o the_o townsman_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o give_v voice_n at_o the_o election_n unless_o they_o will_v promise_v to_o vote_n for_o those_o that_o the_o court_n will_v set_v up_o and_o the_o like_a instance_n i_o believe_v i_o may_v give_v you_o of_o other_o place_n have_v i_o 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not_o only_o to_o set_v forth_o the_o late_a miscarriage_n of_o the_o government_n but_o also_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o army_n which_o the_o king_n raise_v upon_o the_o duke_n of_o monmouth_n rebellion_n and_o which_o he_o have_v since_o keep_v up_o to_o prevent_v either_o fresh_a rebellion_n at_o home_n or_o invasion_n from_o abroad_o have_v be_v mere_o maintain_v to_o support_v all_o these_o late_a breach_n upon_o our_o law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n which_o you_o say_v be_v make_v upon_o they_o now_o this_o be_v very_o uncharitable_o do_v for_o as_o his_o majesty_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v that_o army_n at_o first_o because_o the_o late_a rebellion_n in_o the_o west_n be_v too_o powerful_a to_o be_v quell_v by_o the_o ordinary_a train_v band_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o he_o have_v too_o much_o reason_n to_o suspect_v by_o the_o run_n over_o of_o several_a of_o they_o to_o the_o rebel_n not_o to_o be_v so_o loyal_a as_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v and_o if_o his_o majesty_n 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such_o absolute_a monarch_n as_o you_o will_v make_v they_o that_o by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n they_o can_v be_v resist_v nor_o can_v fall_v from_o their_o regal_a power_n let_v they_o carry_v themselves_o never_o so_o tyrannical_o for_o i_o do_v not_o see_v you_o have_v be_v yet_o able_a to_o do_v it_o by_o any_o argument_n you_o have_v hitherto_o make_v use_n of_o m._n i_o have_v already_o at_o our_o 5_o as_o well_o as_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n give_v you_o divers_a argument_n and_o authority_n whereby_o i_o prove_v the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o be_v complete_a and_o absolute_a monarch_n especial_o that_o place_n from_o bracton_n 9_o where_o he_o thus_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n that_o every_o one_o be_v under_o he_o and_o that_o himself_o be_v under_o none_o but_o god_n that_o he_o have_v no_o peer_n in_o his_o kingdom_n because_o so_o he_o will_v lose_v his_o power_n since_o a_o equal_a have_v no_o command_n over_o a_o equal_a much_o more_o have_v he_o any_o superior_a because_o than_o he_o will_v be_v inferior_a to_o his_o subject_n and_o inferior_n can_v be_v equal_a with_o their_o superior_n which_o sufficient_o destroy_v that_o notion_n of_o you_o that_o subject_n can_v be_v in_o any_o case_n equal_a with_o their_o prince_n so_o as_o to_o judge_v and_o resist_v their_o action_n which_o be_v also_o far_o enforce_v by_o another_o passage_n just_a aforego_n de_fw-la chartis_fw-la vero_fw-la regiis_fw-la &_o factis_fw-la regum_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la nec_fw-la possunt_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la nec_fw-la privatae_fw-la personae_fw-la disputare_fw-la nec_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la in_o illis_fw-la dubitatio_fw-la ulla_fw-la oriatur_fw-la possunt_fw-la eam_fw-la interpretari_fw-la &_o in_o dubiis_fw-la &_o obscuris_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la aliqua_fw-la dictio_fw-la duos_fw-la continâ—at_fw-la intellectus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la erit_fw-la expectanda_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la &_o voluptas_fw-la cum_fw-la ejus_fw-la sit_fw-la interpretari_fw-la cujus_fw-la est_fw-la concedere_fw-la from_o which_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n action_n be_v above_o all_o censure_n and_o dispute_v much_o more_o forcible_a opposition_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o i_o defy_v you_o to_o show_v i_o any_o passage_n in_o bracton_n fleta_n or_o even_o your_o belove_a author_n fortescue_n that_o in_o the_o least_o countenance_n your_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n much_o less_o your_o opinion_n of_o the_o king_n forfeiture_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n for_o tyranny_n or_o the_o high_a violation_n of_o law_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a in_o all_o those_o passage_n that_o i_o have_v either_o observe_v myself_o or_o find_v quote_v out_o of_o they_o by_o other_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v both_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n call_v the_o king_n if_o he_o prove_v a_o tyrant_n or_o one_o that_o govern_v contrary_a to_o law_n not_o god_n but_o the_o devil_n minister_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o no_o where_o maintain_v that_o then_o he_o ought_v or_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o his_o subject_n or_o that_o they_o be_v discharge_v of_o their_o allegiance_n towards_o he_o for_o bracton_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n 7._o that_o if_o the_o king_n do_v any_o man_n wrong_a or_o injury_n locus_fw-la erit_fw-la supplicationi_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la suum_fw-la corrigat_fw-la &_o emendet_fw-la quod_fw-la quidem_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la fecerit_fw-la satis_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ei_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la expeâ—tet_fw-la ultorem_fw-la nemo_fw-la quidem_fw-la de_fw-la factis_fw-la suis_fw-la praesumeâ—_n disputare_fw-la multo_fw-la fortius_fw-la contra_fw-la factum_fw-la suum_fw-la venire_fw-la the_o same_o he_o say_v likewise_o word_n for_o word_n in_o another_o place_n of_o any_o other_o king_n or_o prince_n who_o have_v no_o superior_a lord_n against_o who_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n by_o assize_n or_o legal_a trial_n as_o against_o a_o equal_a but_o only_o place_v leave_v the_o injure_a subject_n for_o petition_n and_o bracton_n give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o this_o maxim_n omnis_fw-la qúidem_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v this_o moral_a obligation_n which_o the_o king_n have_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n be_v far_a increase_v by_o his_o coronation-oath_n 9_o as_o bracton_n observe_v in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la but_o then_o as_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n the_o people_n swear_v nothing_o to_o the_o king_n but_o what_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v unsworn_a so_o the_o king_n in_o his_o coronation-oath_n promise_v nothing_o to_o the_o people_n but_o what_o in_o justice_n and_o equity_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v whether_o he_o swear_v or_o not_o for_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la say_v the_o same_o author_n of_o the_o king_n electus_fw-la &_o creatus_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la judicium_fw-la faciat_fw-la universis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o separare_fw-la debet_fw-la rex_fw-la cum_fw-la sit_fw-la dei_fw-la vicarius_fw-la ius_n ab_fw-la injuria_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o then_o if_o he_o will_v pervert_v this_o great_a end_n for_o which_o god_n make_v he_o king_n if_o he_o will_v not_o act_v as_o it_o become_v god_n vicar_n if_o he_o will_v obstruct_v or_o pervert_v the_o law_n and_o govern_v never_o so_o tyrannical_o yet_o still_o there_o be_v leave_v no_o remedy_n to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n but_o moral_a persuasion_n for_o the_o law_n imperial_a of_o this_o realm_n have_v declare_v he_o to_o be_v a_o free_a uncondition_v and_o independent_a sovereign_n exempt_v from_o all_o coaction_n and_o outward_a force_n much_o more_o from_o any_o forfeiture_n of_o this_o crown_n or_o regal_a authority_n f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o return_v you_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v for_o as_o for_o reason_n i_o see_v none_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v barclay_n and_o all_o other_o writer_n agree_v that_o in_o these_o two_o case_n you_o mention_v the_o people_n may_v resist_v their_o prince_n because_o he_o do_v as_o good_a as_o renounce_v the_o government_n of_o they_o and_o abdicate_v the_o crown_n he_o wear_v pray_v observe_v that_o they_o also_o allow_v the_o people_n to_o judge_v for_o themselves_o when_o the_o king_n thus_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v they_o to_o make_v over_o his_o crown_n to_o a_o foreign_a prince_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o why_o the_o people_n in_o a_o limit_v or_o mix_v kingdom_n as_o we_o be_v can_v as_o well_o judge_v when_o the_o king_n have_v break_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n whereby_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n and_o have_v either_o actual_o set_v up_o or_o be_v go_v about_o to_o bring_v in_o tyranny_n or_o 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these_o so_o reserve_v by_o his_o own_o concession_n or_o that_o of_o his_o predecessor_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o kingly_a government_n in_o this_o island_n and_o if_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o if_o we_o have_v such_o fundamental_a right_n we_o have_v also_o some_o mean_n leave_v we_o to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v they_o inviolable_a and_o that_o this_o mean_n be_v only_o a_o forcible_a defensive_a resistance_n in_o case_n they_o be_v forcible_o invade_v by_o any_o of_o the_o king_n officer_n or_o soldier_n nay_o by_o his_o own_o personal_a power_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v be_v so_o ill_o advise_v as_o to_o join_v himself_o with_o such_o instrument_n of_o tyranny_n it_o will_v then_o also_o follow_v that_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v real_o a_o suspension_n of_o their_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n it_o last_v and_o till_o they_o can_v see_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o hope_n lest_o of_o a_o reconciliation_n with_o he_o and_o that_o he_o will_v amend_v his_o error_n and_o misgovernment_n and_o if_o so_o and_o
that_o he_o will_v give_v his_o people_n any_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o his_o amendment_n and_o sincerity_n by_o give_v up_o such_o evil_a minister_n to_o punishment_n that_o put_v he_o upon_o such_o desperate_a course_n i_o do_v then_o ready_o grant_v that_o the_o people_n ought_v to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o be_v again_o reconcile_v to_o their_o king_n and_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o as_o before_o according_a to_o that_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o have_v already_o cite_v wherein_o there_o be_v a_o power_n leave_v for_o the_o baron_n in_o case_n of_o any_o breach_n of_o it_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o constrain_v the_o king_n by_o take_v of_o his_o castle_n land_n and_o possession_n to_o amend_v those_o transgression_n and_o when_o all_o be_v thus_o amend_v the_o charter_n say_v tunc_fw-la cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la then_o and_o not_o before_o interdent_a nobis_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o we_o as_o they_o be_v before_o but_o what_o follow_v upon_o this_o the_o king_n not_o only_o refuse_v to_o observe_v this_o charter_n but_o procure_v the_o pope_n dispensation_n to_o be_v absolve_v from_o the_o oath_n he_o have_v take_v to_o observe_v it_o and_o also_o do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o bring_v in_o foreigner_n into_o this_o kingdom_n to_o support_v his_o tyranny_n and_o raise_v what_o force_n he_o can_v of_o his_o own_o subject_n to_o that_o end_n whereupon_o the_o baron_n at_o last_o be_v force_v to_o renounce_v all_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o to_o declare_v he_o have_v forfeit_v all_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o tyranny_n and_o perjury_n towards_o his_o people_n as_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o author_n show_v we_o at_o large_a now_o what_o the_o baron_n do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n john_n may_v be_v also_o do_v by_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o all_o succeed_a time_n or_o otherwise_o the_o king_n will_v be_v in_o a_o better_a 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raise_v money_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o the_o people_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o their_o share_n of_o both_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o monarchy_n all_o those_o prince_n that_o claim_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o right_n be_v tie_v by_o this_o first_o original_a contract_n whether_o they_o ever_o take_v any_o coronation_n oath_n or_o not_o nor_o though_o the_o crown_n now_o become_v no_o more_o elective_a do_v it_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o condition_n or_o the_o limitation_n of_o his_o ancestor_n as_o long_o as_o the_o present_a king_n hold_v by_o and_o under_o the_o same_o title_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o original_a contract_n since_o as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o people_n will_n that_o it_o be_v at_o first_o elective_a so_o it_o be_v also_o by_o their_o will_n that_o it_o become_v successive_a since_o every_o entail_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o heir_n can_v only_o proceed_v from_o the_o people_n agreement_n or_o consent_n to_o maintain_v it_o as_o a_o 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error_n for_o it_o make_v pipin_n and_o his_o son_n charles_n to_o have_v write_v to_o william_n the_o bastard_n upon_o their_o hear_v this_o definitive_a sentence_n so_o wise_o give_v by_o he_o concern_v the_o title_n of_o king_n all_o which_o be_v so_o notorious_a a_o piece_n of_o folly_n and_o ignorance_n that_o it_o need_v no_o other_o confuration_n but_o grant_v that_o part_n contain_v the_o law_n itself_o to_o be_v genuine_a it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o set_v forth_o your_o original_a contract_n or_o make_v it_o a_o forfeiture_n in_o the_o king_n to_o do_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v main_a part_n of_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n only_o say_v in_o general_a that_o unless_o he_o defend_v his_o earthly_a kingdom_n and_o the_o people_n of_o god_n and_o reverence_v holy_a church_n by_o defend_v it_o from_o injurious_a person_n and_o remove_v evil_a doer_n from_o it_o name_n of_o the_o king_n will_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o now_o all_o this_o the_o most_o absolute_a monarch_n in_o christendom_n even_o the_o king_n of_o france_n himself_o will_v say_v he_o perform_v to_o a_o tittle_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n for_o any_o king_n though_o never_o so_o absolute_a and_o tyrannical_a upon_o these_o term_n unless_o he_o will_v do_v that_o which_o i_o think_v he_o be_v too_o wise_a ever_o to_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v his_o people_n wilful_o or_o to_o fall_v upon_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o its_o clergy_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o place_n you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n to_o prove_v this_o notion_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o they_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o come_v up_o to_o the_o point_n for_o which_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o as_o to_o that_o place_n you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n non_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la etc._n etc._n you_o and_o i_o differ_v about_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o i_o may_v not_o still_o keep_v my_o own_o opinion_n the_o other_o place_n i_o confess_v seem_v more_o express_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v the_o crown_n or_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n to_o do_v justice_n or_o judgement_n without_o which_o it_o can_v hold_v or_o consist_v this_o also_o do_v refer_v only_o to_o such_o justice_n and_o judgement_n as_o the_o king_n be_v to_o give_v and_o distribute_v between_o man_n and_o man_n without_o any_o relation_n to_o his_o own_o action_n towards_o his_o subject_n and_o if_o a_o prince_n will_v not_o do_v this_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o deputy_n i_o grant_v his_o crown_n or_o royal_a dignity_n can_v long_o subsist_v to_o be_v maintain_v since_o this_o will_v bring_v all_o thing_n to_o utter_v confusion_n so_o that_o stranger_n will_v
general_a that_o he_o shall_v reverence_v the_o church_n of_o god_n that_o be_v that_o profession_n of_o christianity_n or_o way_n which_o he_o and_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n shall_v upon_o the_o most_o mature_a judgement_n and_o deliberation_n think_v to_o be_v so_o so_o that_o all_o that_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o this_o clause_n be_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v reverence_v the_o church_n that_o be_v maintain_v the_o profession_n of_o religion_n which_o shall_v be_v establish_v by_o law_n and_o shall_v make_v no_o alteration_n therein_o without_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n consist_v as_o well_o of_o ecclesiastical_a as_o secular_a member_n and_o so_o likewise_o he_o shall_v defend_v it_o from_o all_o injurious_a person_n that_o will_v invade_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n and_o its_o clergy_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o shall_v root_v out_o all_o evil_a doer_n that_o be_v all_o debauch_a and_o wicked_a professor_n of_o christianity_n for_o so_o malesicos_fw-la proper_o signify_v and_o not_o heretic_n as_o you_o will_v render_v it_o who_o be_v not_o evil_a doer_n but_o false_a believer_n or_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v interpret_v for_o heretic_n it_o be_v not_o those_o that_o then_o may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o such_o but_o what_o the_o present_a church_n shall_v so_o determine_v or_o else_o we_o must_v own_v the_o former_a church_n to_o have_v be_v infallible_a in_o all_o her_o determination_n so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n why_o this_o law_n shall_v now_o become_v void_a or_o unprofitable_a by_o reason_n of_o any_o alteration_n in_o religion_n or_o of_o those_o man_n that_o be_v then_o to_o exercise_v the_o function_n of_o it_o as_o long_o as_o all_o the_o necessary_a and_o material_a part_n of_o both_o be_v preserve_v as_o they_o be_v to_o this_o day_n for_o otherwise_o this_o law_n will_v have_v tie_v up_o the_o king_n and_o nation_n from_o make_v any_o reformation_n in_o religion_n though_o never_o so_o much_o for_o the_o better_a or_o though_o the_o national_a church_n have_v never_o so_o much_o require_v it_o which_o i_o suppose_v no_o true_a protestant_n will_v affirm_v but_o as_o for_o those_o passage_n out_o of_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n which_o i_o have_v bring_v to_o confirm_v and_o support_v our_o sense_n of_o this_o law_n and_o which_o you_o labour_v to_o avoid_v by_o put_v too_o general_a and_o loose_a a_o interpretation_n upon_o they_o whereby_o you_o will_v make_v they_o only_o to_o signify_v that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o maintain_v right_a judgement_n and_o justice_n between_o man_n and_o man_n without_o which_o his_o royal_a dignity_n can_v hold_v or_o subsist_v but_o that_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v upon_o any_o penalty_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o respect_n of_o himself_o or_o his_o own_o officer_n or_o minister_n this_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o a_o shepherd_n who_o have_v a_o flock_n of_o sheep_n commit_v to_o his_o charge_n by_o the_o owner_n have_v first_o fleece_v and_o then_o kill_v and_o destroy_v they_o and_o convert_v the_o wool_n and_o carcase_n to_o his_o own_o private_a use_n shall_v then_o tell_v the_o owner_n that_o he_o be_v indeed_o to_o defend_v the_o flock_n from_o thief_n wolf_n and_o fox_n but_o that_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o his_o bargain_n to_o keep_v they_o safe_a untouched_a from_o himself_o or_o his_o servant_n or_o so_o much_o as_o his_o own_o dog_n but_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o bracton_n and_o flâ—ta_n be_v quite_o otherwise_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o these_o place_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o if_o those_o will_v not_o do_v pray_v consider_v these_o that_o i_o shall_v never_o add_v for_o bracton_n also_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n tell_v we_o 9_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la creatus_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o electus_fw-la ut_fw-la justitiam_fw-la faciat_fw-la universis_fw-la and_o he_o also_o there_o recite_v the_o ancient_a coronation_n oath_n in_o these_o word_n debit_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o coronatione_n sua_fw-la nomine_fw-la jesu_fw-la christi_fw-la haec_fw-la tria_fw-la promittere_fw-la populo_fw-la sibi_fw-la subdito_fw-la imprimis_fw-la se_fw-la esse_fw-la praecipturum_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la virious_a opem_fw-la impensurum_fw-la ut_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la christiano_n vera_fw-la pax_fw-la omni_fw-la svo_fw-la tempore_fw-la observetur_fw-la 2._o ut_fw-la rapacitates_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la iniquitates_fw-la interdicat_fw-la 3._o ut_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la judiciis_fw-la equitatem_fw-la praecipiat_fw-la &_o misericordiam_fw-la ut_fw-la indulgeat_fw-la ei_fw-la svam_fw-la misericordiam_fw-la clemens_n deus_fw-la now_o how_o can_v a_o king_n observe_v this_o oath_n that_o spoil_v the_o people_n of_o their_o good_n and_o raise_v tax_n contrary_a to_o law_n or_o how_o can_v he_o continue_v king_n who_o violate_v all_o the_o end_n of_o his_o creation_n from_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o this_o justice_n and_o judgement_n must_v be_v mean_v not_o only_o the_o king_n own_o observe_a justice_n towards_o his_o people_n not_o only_o by_o not_o command_v but_o also_o hinder_v his_o inferior_a minister_n and_o officer_n from_o spoil_v and_o oppress_v they_o and_o that_o no_o prerogative_n can_v justify_v he_o in_o the_o do_v otherwise_o be_v as_o evident_a from_o another_o place_n in_o bracton_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o regius_fw-la potestas_fw-la juris_fw-la est_fw-la nâ—n_fw-la injuriae_fw-la &_o nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la potest_fw-la rex_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la jure_fw-la potest_fw-la but_o fleta_n be_v somewhat_o large_a on_o this_o head_n though_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n 17._o when_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n power_n or_o prerogative_n he_o say_v thus_o &_o licet_fw-la omnes_fw-la potentia_fw-la praecellat_fw-la cor_fw-la tamen_fw-la ipsius_fw-la in_o manu_fw-la dei_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la &_o ne_fw-la potentia_fw-la sua_fw-la manâ—aâ—_n infranata_fw-la fraenum_fw-la imponat_fw-la temperantiae_fw-la &_o lora_fw-la moderantiae_fw-la ne_fw-la trahetur_fw-la ad_fw-la injuriam_fw-la quia_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la hoc_fw-la estâ—in_fw-la terra_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la potest_fw-la nec_fw-la obstat_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placet_fw-la legis_fw-la habet_fw-la potestatim_fw-la quia_fw-la sequitur_fw-la cum_fw-la lege_fw-la regius_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la ejus_fw-la imperio_fw-la lata_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la quiâ—quid_fw-la de_fw-fr voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la tanto_fw-la pere_fw-fr praesumptum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la magnatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la rege_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la praestante_fw-la &_o habita_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la deliberatione_n &_o tractatu_fw-la recte_fw-la fuerit_fw-la deâ—initum_fw-la which_o not_o only_o show_v that_o our_o ancient_a english_a lawyer_n in_o this_o agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o give_v the_o same_o account_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o royal_a power_n as_o that_o law_n do_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v confer_v by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n on_o the_o roman_a emperor_n by_o the_o lex_fw-la regius_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o old_a civilian_n i_o have_v former_o cite_v and_o also_o show_v that_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n suppose_v that_o by_o a_o like_a law_n among_o we_o the_o royal_a authority_n be_v original_o derive_v from_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n without_o who_o advice_n and_o assent_v include_v in_o that_o of_o their_o representatives_n here_o call_v consitium_fw-la magnatum_fw-la consilium_fw-la being_n take_v for_o consent_n in_o this_o place_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v it_o often_o signify_v no_o law_n can_v ever_o be_v make_v now_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o be_v rule_v by_o this_o bridle_n of_o moderation_n this_o author_n as_o well_o as_o bracton_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o king_n than_o have_v his_o superior_n the_o law_n and_o his_o court_n of_o baron_n who_o be_v as_o master_n to_o put_v this_o bridle_n upon_o he_o but_o admit_v he_o will_v run_v away_o with_o this_o bridle_n between_o his_o tooth_n all_o this_o have_v signify_v nothing_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o remedy_n leave_v we_o beside_o bare_a supplication_n or_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o he_o may_v have_v dissolve_v the_o parliament_n before_o ever_o it_o can_v have_v any_o time_n to_o do_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o to_o conclude_v if_o the_o king_n be_v at_o first_o elect_v and_o create_v for_o this_o end_n that_o he_o may_v do_v justice_n to_o all_o man_n and_o that_o this_o justice_n do_v not_o only_o concern_v his_o maintain_n justice_n between_o his_o subject_n one_o towards_o another_o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o himself_o his_o child_n and_o subordinate_a officer_n and_o minister_n that_o act_n by_o his_o commission_n appear_v by_o what_o follow_v in_o bracton_n after_o the_o 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make_v so_o light_a of_o this_o testamentary_a doâ—â—tion_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o writer_n near_a that_o time_n do_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v real_o make_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o duke_n william_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o bequest_n harold_n unjust_o and_o contrary_a to_o his_o own_o oath_n do_v by_o force_n set_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o own_o head_n without_o any_o precedent_a election_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n as_o be_v require_v at_o that_o time_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o they_o to_o meet_v in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n for_o king_n edward_n die_v on_o the_o eve_n of_o epiphany_n be_v bury_v on_o twelve_o day_n and_o on_o the_o same_o day_n harold_n take_v upon_o himself_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o some_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobility_n of_o his_o faction_n then_o at_o london_n so_o that_o he_o be_v certain_o no_o better_a than_o a_o usurper_n and_o therefore_o 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and_o service_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n and_o that_o these_o very_a man_n be_v such_o as_o after_o your_o conquest_n be_v call_v barones_n comitatus_fw-la appear_v in_o this_o that_o those_o who_o before_o the_o conquest_n be_v call_v thanes_z be_v afterward_o call_v baron_n of_o county_n in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o charter_n and_o for_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n who_o though_o he_o do_v chief_o understand_v by_o this_o word_n all_o sort_n of_o feudal_a baron_n dwell_v in_o each_o county_n comitatus_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempe_fw-la &_o maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la yet_o nor_o only_o these_o but_o necnon_fw-la liberi_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundoâ—um_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglice_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superius_fw-la dectum_fw-la est_fw-la so_o that_o take_v it_o in_o which_o sense_n you_o will_v this_o word_n can_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o 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county_n of_o kent_n but_o other_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lay_v and_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n which_o make_v the_o great_a number_n and_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o their_o good_a behaviour_n can_v be_v the_o probi_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o serve_v upon_o this_o jury_n well_o i_o grant_v it_o that_o these_o gentleman_n you_o speak_v of_o may_v be_v lord_n of_o manor_n and_o considerable_a for_o quality_n and_o estate_n and_o who_o alone_o be_v empanel_v upon_o jury_n in_o this_o and_o other_o such_o great_a trial_n of_o novel_a disseiâ—in_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lesser_a freeman_n or_o freeholders_n you_o mention_v be_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o as_o such_o be_v capable_a of_o try_v all_o cause_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o since_o sir_n h_n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n legalis_fw-la that_o in_o jure_fw-la nostro_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la qui_fw-la stat_fw-la rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la non_fw-la exlex_fw-la seu_fw-la utlegatus_fw-la non_fw-la excommunicatus_fw-la vel_fw-la infamis_fw-la etc._n etc._n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o in_fw-la lege_fw-la postulat_fw-la &_o postulâ—tur_fw-la hoc_fw-la sensu_fw-la vulgar_a illud_fw-la in_o formulis_fw-la juridicis_fw-la probi_fw-la &_o legalis_fw-la homines_fw-la so_o that_o he_o do_v not_o make_v as_o you_o do_v that_o a_o man_n legality_n must_v depend_v upon_o his_o tenure_n but_o upon_o his_o being_n rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n that_o because_o in_o some_o great_a trial_n in_o those_o time_n none_o but_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a man_n in_o the_o county_n be_v empanel_v upon_o jury_n in_o the_o county_n court_n therefore_o none_o but_o they_o can_v ever_o serve_v there_o upon_o jury_n at_o all_o than_o it_o will_v be_v now_o for_o a_o man_n to_o affirm_v that_o because_o in_o great_a trial_n at_o the_o assize_n or_o at_o the_o 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peritos_fw-la inâ—unum_fw-la convenire_fw-la but_o it_o also_o add_v &_o alii_fw-la aliorum_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o so_o confirm_v what_o eadmerus_n say_v so_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a by_o your_o doctor_n own_o show_v as_o also_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o this_o ancient_a author_n that_o this_o great_a cause_n be_v try_v either_o by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o great_a freeholders_n be_v all_o englishman_n or_o such_o frenchman_n as_o be_v here_o before_o your_o conquest_n so_o that_o from_o this_o famous_a trial_n we_o may_v draw_v two_o of_o three_o confusion_n direct_o contrary_a to_o your_o assertion_n first_o that_o there_o be_v many_o great_a proprietor_n not_o only_o in_o kent_n but_o in_o other_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o eadmerus_n who_o be_v a_o sufficient_a number_n to_o try_v cause_n in_o the_o county_n court_v a_o good_a while_n after_o your_o conqueror_n come_v over_o second_o that_o the_o plead_n and_o verdict_n in_o 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there_o be_v no_o gold_n reserve_v but_o only_a horse_n and_o arm_n whereas_o by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n knute_n each_o e._n be_v to_o pay_v two_o hundred_o manenses_n of_o gold_n each_o king_n thane_n fifty_o and_o each_o inferior_a thane_n two_o pound_n only_a note_n that_o he_o who_o be_v call_v e._n in_o k._n knutes_n law_n be_v call_v a_o count_n in_o these_o the_o thane_n a_o baron_n and_o the_o inferior_a thane_n a_o vavasor_n and_o that_o which_o be_v there_o call_v a_o 〈◊〉_d be_v here_o term_v a_o relief_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v now_o call_v escuage_z or_o servitium_n scuti_fw-la be_v of_o ancient_a time_n name_v expeditio_fw-la hominum_fw-la cum_fw-la scutis_fw-la and_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o dane_n 192._o be_v also_o as_o certain_a for_o sir_n e._n coke_n in_o his_o four_o inst._n tell_v we_o that_o we_o may_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n kenulph_n who_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 821._o grant_v to_o 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thing_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o doctor_n opinion_n who_o in_o his_o gossary_a tit._n feudal_n law_n tell_v we_o the_o feudal_n law_n obtain_v to_o most_o nation_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o normandy_n be_v in_o its_o full_a vigour_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n over_o of_o the_o conqueror_n 3._o but_o afterward_o grow_v more_o mild_a and_o qualify_v as_o also_o the_o tenure_n itself_o a_o perfect_a description_n of_o which_o with_o all_o its_o incident_n of_o homage_n relief_n ward_n marriage_n escuage_z aid_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o grand_a customer_n cap._n 29.33_o 34_o 35._o and_o although_o there_o be_v military_a fief_n or_o fee_n here_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n yet_o not_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o after_o the_o conquest_n establish_v here_o by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usage_n in_o normandy_n when_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o doomesday-book_n in_o every_o county_n he_o divide_v most_o if_o not_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n among_o his_o norman_n and_o follower_n now_o that_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v whole_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n you_o shall_v find_v in_o sir_n e._n cook_n four_o institutes_n in_o the_o same_o chapter_n you_o last_o cite_v 193._o as_o you_o may_v here_o read_v you_o have_v hear_v before_o de_fw-la regali_fw-la servitio_fw-la before_o the_o conquest_n but_o that_o regalâ—_n servicium_fw-la which_o be_v knight_n service_n draw_v unto_o it_o relief_n but_o neither_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n or_o of_o the_o land_n as_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o conqueror_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o royal_a service_n as_o a_o badge_n of_o the_o conquest_n take_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o
heir_n within_o age_n of_o such_o tenant_n but_o this_o extend_v not_o to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o subject_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n dicitur_fw-la regale_n seâ—vitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestis_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereupon_o sir_n e._n c._n note_n in_o the_o margin_n the_o tenure_n as_o before_o it_o appear_v be_v not_o then_o invent_v but_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o tenure_n of_o the_o k._n viz._n wardship_n and_o marriage_n which_o be_v bracton_n meaning_n so_o as_o the_o conqueror_n provide_v for_o himself_o but_o other_o lord_n at_o the_o first_o by_o special_a reservation_n since_o the_o conquest_n provide_v upon_o gift_n of_o land_n for_o themselves_o regis_fw-la ad_fw-la exemplum_fw-la totuâ—_fw-la componitur_fw-la orbis_fw-la wherein_o that_o which_o we_o have_v from_o the_o conqueror_n we_o free_o confess_v f._n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v his_o matter_n since_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v norman_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n who_o possible_o may_v have_v some_o respect_n to_o orphan_n in_o such_o case_n to_o train_v they_o up_o for_o the_o public_a service_n in_o point_n of_o war_n especial_o be_v possessor_n of_o a_o know_a right_n of_o relief_n as_o well_o as_o alfred_n the_o saxon_a king_n do_v undertake_v the_o work_n for_o the_o train_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n in_o learning_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o civil_a government_n and_o though_o sir_n h._n spelman_n be_v of_o opinion_n in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr wardiâ—_n that_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n yet_o sir_n john_n his_o son_n who_o be_v also_o a_o learned_a antiquary_n in_o his_o epilogue_n to_o his_o second_o book_n of_o k._n alfred_n life_n print_v at_o oxford_n speak_v of_o military_a fee_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n thanes_z 117._o have_v this_o passage_n haec_fw-la etiam_fw-la fioda_n baeredibus_fw-la sub_fw-la hereoti_n siâ—e_fw-la relevaminis_fw-la cujus_fw-la piam_fw-la quod_fw-la haeres_fw-la in_o terrae_fw-la redemptionem_fw-la regi_fw-la solvere_fw-la tenebatur_fw-la conditione_n plerumque_fw-la transibat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la haeres_fw-la minor_fw-la natu_fw-la à _fw-la patre_fw-la moriente_fw-la relinquebatur_fw-la regi_fw-la educatio_fw-la ojus_fw-la utpoâ—â—_n regis_n hominis_fw-la committebatur_fw-la in_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o commodum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o use_n in_o k._n william_n time_n or_o before_o be_v uncertain_a for_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o in_o mat._n paris_n grant_v either_o to_o the_o widow_n or_o next_o heir_n but_o let_v these_o custom_n be_v derive_v from_o whence_o you_o please_v it_o be_v a_o plain_a case_n it_o can_v be_v no_o badge_n of_o conquest_n upon_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o that_o by_o the_o doctor_n own_o show_v for_o be_v it_o a_o norman_a custom_n never_o so_o much_o if_o your_o conqueror_n first_o of_o all_o impose_v it_o upon_o those_o he_o bring_v over_o along_o with_o he_o it_o can_v never_o be_v a_o badge_n of_o slavery_n upon_o the_o english_a nation_n but_o rather_o upon_o the_o norman_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v chief_o impose_v and_o if_o they_o afterward_o grant_v land_n to_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o same_o term_n they_o hold_v they_o themselves_o they_o be_v no_o more_o slave_n to_o who_o they_o be_v grant_v than_o they_o be_v under_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o but_o indeed_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o my_o badge_n of_o servitude_n that_o if_o the_o dr._n himself_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v these_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n homines_fw-la and_o their_o service_n bracton_n say_v be_v so_o notorious_o free_a that_o in_o writ_n of_o right_n it_o be_v never_o mention_v because_o so_o well_o know_v notandum_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la quod_fw-la constat_fw-la quia_fw-la tale_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o hour_n rigorous_a the_o feudal_n law_n may_v be_v at_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v when_o your_o conqueror_n come_v in_o so_o far_o mitigate_v as_o to_o the_o rigour_n of_o it_o that_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o only_o free_a by_o k._n william_n law_n from_o all_o arbitrary_a tax_n and_o tally_n but_o also_o obtain_v a_o settle_a inheritance_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o clause_n in_o k._n william_n charter_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o william_n of_o warren_n earl_n of_o surrey_n be_v question_v after_o the_o statute_n of_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la by_o the_o king_n justice_n by_o what_o warrant_n he_o hold_v his_o land_n 79._o pull_v out_o a_o old_a sword_n he_o answer_v to_o this_o effect_n behold_v my_o lord_n here_o be_v my_o warranty_n my_o ancestor_n come_v into_o this_o land_n with_o william_n the_o bastard_n and_o obtain_v those_o land_n by_o the_o sword_n and_o i_o be_o resolve_v with_o this_o sword_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o any_o whosoever_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o dispossess_v i_o for_o the_o k._n do_v not_o himself_o alone_o conquer_v the_o land_n but_o our_o progenitor_n be_v sharer_n with_o he_o and_o assistant_n therein_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o law_n in_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o divers_a french_a writer_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o but_o do_v not_o attribute_v their_o agreement_n to_o their_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o norman_n 461._o but_o quite_o contrary_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n most_o of_o the_o learned_a man_n say_v that_o the_o first_o establish_v of_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v in_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v time_n and_o afterward_o again_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n when_o normandy_n be_v not_o under_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o sâ—querius_n a_o french_a author_n relate_v that_o k._n henry_n i_o establish_v the_o english_a law_n in_o normandy_n and_o with_o he_o do_v also_o agree_v gulielmus_fw-la brito_n rutilarius_fw-la and_o other_o french_a writer_n who_o mention_n also_o that_o the_o law_n in_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o law_n collect_v by_o our_o english_a k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o be_v before_o the_o conqueror_n a_o additional_a testimony_n hereof_o be_v out_o of_o william_n de_fw-fr reville_n de_fw-fr alenson_n who_o in_o his_o latin_a comment_n upon_o the_o customary_a preface_n prove_v and_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o normandy_n come_v from_o the_o english_a law_n and_o nation_n either_o not_o long_o before_o or_o after_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n in_o the_o customary_a there_o be_v a_o chapter_n of_o nampe_n or_o distress_n and_o it_o be_v there_o decree_v that_o one_o shall_v not_o bring_v his_o action_n upon_o any_o seizure_n but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o k._n richard_n and_o this_o must_v be_v our_o k._n richard_n the_o first_o because_o no_o k._n of_o france_n be_v ever_o of_o that_o name_n and_o the_o word_n nampe_n and_o withernams_n be_v saxon_a word_n take_v out_o of_o the_o english_a law_n signify_v a_o pawn_n or_o distress_n and_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v use_v in_o the_o customary_a but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o more_o to_o object_n against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v proceed_v to_o your_o last_o head_n and_o let_v i_o see_v how_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o english_a lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o they_o enjoy_v under_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n m._n i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o before_o concern_v the_o original_a use_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n in_o our_o report_n and_o law_n book_n but_o yet_o this_o much_o i_o think_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v first_o that_o the_o norman_a french_a be_v never_o use_v in_o our_o court_n of_o justice_n till_o after_o the_o conqueror_n entrance_n second_o that_o he_o do_v his_o endeavour_n total_o to_o root_v out_o the_o english_a tongue_n by_o order_v of_o child_n to_o learn_v the_o first_o rudiment_n of_o their_o grammar_n in_o french_a and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v especial_o as_o to_o tenor_n derive_v from_o the_o english_a law_n and_o custom_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o french_a writer_n that_o it_o be_v so_o but_o i_o shall_v believe_v it_o when_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o
tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o those_o aid_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n they_o hold_v of_o towards_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conqueror_n come_v over_o but_o to_o observe_v your_o command_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o conquest_n the_o english_a for_o a_o time_n lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n till_o they_o again_o obtain_v they_o either_o by_o their_o mix_n with_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o all_o distinction_n between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a be_v take_v away_o or_o else_o they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o first_o k._n john_n and_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v the_o privilege_n of_o englishman_n into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o either_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o office_n or_o dignity_n or_o second_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o estate_n or_o last_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o trial_n for_o their_o life_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v the_o english_a native_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n suffer_v confideracie_n lesses_z and_o abridgement_n of_o their_o ancient_a 〈…〉_z liberty_n which_o they_o former_o enjoy_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n as_o to_o the_o first_o head_n ingâ—ph_n telâ—s_v we_o that_o the_o english_a be_v so_o hate_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o his_o time_n oxon._n that_o how_o well_o soever_o they_o deserve_v they_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o dignity_n and_o stranger_n though_o much_o less_o fit_a of_o any_o nation_n under_o heaven_n be_v take_v in_o their_o place_n 93._o and_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_v that_o england_n be_v then_o become_v the_o habitation_n of_o foreigner_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o stranger_n and_o that_o there_o be_v at_o that_o day_n no_o englishman_n a_o earl_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n but_o that_o stranger_n devour_v the_o riches_n and_o gnaw_v the_o bowel_n of_o england_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o hope_n of_o end_v this_o misery_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o total_o deprive_v of_o all_o office_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o consequent_o can_v have_v then_o no_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o nation_n both_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o tax_n and_o the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v mr._n petyt_n and_o yourself_o suppose_v you_o find_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o conqueror_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 36._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n so_o as_o nothing_o be_v exact_v or_o take_v unless_o their_o free-service_n which_o of_o right_n they_o ought_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v to_o we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o they_o and_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o we_o as_o a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o inheritance_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o common_a council_n will_v not_o help_v you_o for_o without_o doubt_n here_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o it_o for_o certain_o they_o will_v not_o grant_v away_o their_o own_o land_n to_o stranger_n these_o be_v the_o saxon_a land_n which_o william_n have_v give_v in_o fee_n to_o his_o soldier_n to_o hold_v they_o under_o such_o service_n as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o and_o that_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o point_n viz._n the_o privilege_n the_o englishman_n lose_v as_o to_o their_o estate_n for_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n you_o affirm_v the_o k._n can_v nor_o make_v law_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v certain_a k._n william_n and_o his_o immediate_a successor_n do_v by_o their_o sole_a authority_n exercise_v both_o these_o prerogative_n as_o for_o his_o legislative_a power_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o word_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n as_o you_o yourself_o have_v repeat_v it_o out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o roger_n hoveden_n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o oath_n be_v se_fw-la velle_fw-la reâ—â—am_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicire_fw-la now_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v then_o lodge_v in_o he_o why_o else_o do_v he_o swear_v to_o appoint_v right_a law_n for_o if_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v settle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o parliament_n can_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o other_o and_o that_o he_o can_v do_v so_o appear_v by_o that_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n 7._o which_o matthew_n paris_n as_o well_o as_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n impose_v upon_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o england_n which_o hold_v barony_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n he_o now_o say_v he_o put_v under_o military_a service_n sess_v all_o those_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n how_o many_o knight_n or_o soldier_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v find_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o put_v the_o roll_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a service_n in_o his_o treasury_n he_o cause_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n many_o ecclesiastic_n who_o oppose_v this_o wicked_a constitution_n now_o if_o he_o can_v do_v this_o upon_o so_o powerful_a a_o body_n as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v at_o this_o time_n he_o may_v certain_o as_o well_o raise_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o that_o k._n william_n upon_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n into_o england_n anglis_fw-la importabile_fw-la tributum_fw-la imposuit_fw-la lib._n 3._o p._n 278._o and_o that_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n impose_v what_o tax_n he_o will_v upon_o the_o people_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n appear_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o k._n as_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la pontificâ—m_fw-la concern_v ranulâ—_n who_o from_o a_o very_a mean_a clerk_n he_o make_v bishop_n of_o duâ—ham_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o rest_n i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a isle_n siquando_fw-la edictum_fw-la regium_fw-la processisset_fw-la ut_fw-la nominatum_fw-la tributum_fw-la anglia_fw-it penderet_fw-la duplum_fw-la adjiciâ—bat_fw-la subinde_fw-la idente_fw-la rege_fw-la ac_fw-la dicente_fw-la solum_fw-la esse_fw-la hominem_fw-la qui_fw-la sciret_fw-la sic_fw-la agitare_fw-la ingenium_fw-la nec_fw-la aliorum_fw-la curares_fw-la odium_fw-la dummodo_fw-la complaceret_fw-la dominum_fw-la so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o the_o king_n edict_n or_o proclamation_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o tax_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o his_o treasurer_n can_v double_v it_o when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v exercise_v by_o divers_a of_o his_o successor_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagiâ—_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o last_o head_n concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o what_o they_o be_v before_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v no_o other_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n but_o by_o juries_n or_o else_o by_o fire_n or_o water_n ordeal_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o dane_n the_o conqueror_n though_o he_o do_v not_o take_v way_n these_o yet_o also_o add_v the_o law_n then_o in_o use_n in_o normandy_n of_o try_v not_o only_o criminal_a but_o civil_a cause_n by_o duel_n or_o combat_n all_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o proof_n the_o accuser_n and_o accuse_v fight_v with_o their_o sword_n and_o the_o party_n vanquish_v be_v to_o lose_v his_o eye_n and_o stone_n but_o in_o civil_a cause_n they_o only_o fight_v with_o basâ—oons_n head_v with_o horn_n and_o buckler_n and_o he_o or_o his_o champion_n who_o be_v overcome_v lose_v the_o land_n that_o be_v contend_v for_o from_o whence_o you_o may_v take_v notice_n also_o of_o a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o law_n not_o only_o concern_v trial_n but_o capital_a punishment_n so_o that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n all_o crime_n even_o man_n slaughter_n itself_o be_v either_o â—ineable_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o
he_o bring_v over_o with_o he_o have_v as_o you_o suppose_v the_o great_a share_n of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n they_o will_v have_v be_v too_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n to_o be_v thus_o make_v slave_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o indeed_o his_o own_o law_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o in_o that_o very_a law_n it_o appear_v otherwise_o whereby_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n 55._o and_o that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v exact_v of_o they_o but_o their_o free_a service_n which_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v according_a as_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o by_o the_o k._n and_o it_o be_v grant_v they_o by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o ever_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o they_o have_v their_o land_n and_o liberty_n grant_v they_o for_o a_o hereditary_a right_n not_o only_o by_o the_o k._n but_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o k._n can_v not_o alter_v k._n edward_n law_n without_o their_o consent_n the_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n i._o say_v express_o legem_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la vobis_fw-la reddo_fw-la cum_fw-la illis_fw-la emendationibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la pater_fw-la eam_fw-la emendavit_fw-la concilio_n baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la therefore_o as_o for_o that_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o h._n huntingdon_n that_o upon_o this_o king_n return_n from_o normandy_n he_o impose_v a_o heavy_a tax_n upon_o the_o english_a this_o be_v either_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o tax_n as_o they_o give_v he_o voluntary_o though_o perhaps_o they_o dare_v not_o do_v otherwise_o as_o the_o state_n of_o provence_n and_o languâ—doc_n be_v fain_o to_o do_v to_o the_o k._n of_o france_n at_o this_o day_n when_o he_o require_v it_o and_o yet_o he_o do_v not_o claim_v those_o country_n by_o right_a of_o conquest_n or_o if_o k._n william_n impose_v this_o tribute_n without_o their_o consent_n it_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n just_o now_o mention_v but_o also_o to_o his_o own_o coronation_n oath_n whereby_o he_o swear_v to_o prohibit_v all_o unjust_a rapine_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v behave_v himself_o equitable_o towards_o his_o subject_n with_o which_o certain_o his_o take_v away_o their_o money_n without_o their_o consent_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n consist_v but_o to_o answer_v that_o part_n of_o the_o coronation_n oath_n which_o you_o think_v make_v most_o for_o you_o that_o whereby_o he_o swear_v only_o to_o make_v right_a law_n which_o must_v have_v suppose_v the_o power_n to_o have_v be_v in_o himself_o because_o the_o parliament_n may_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o do_v otherwise_o this_o be_v but_o a_o cavil_n for_o it_o be_v already_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v to_o make_v law_n and_o raise_v tax_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o these_o word_n may_v very_o well_o bear_v another_o sense_n and_o do_v only_o give_v the_o k._n a_o negative_a voice_n of_o pass_v such_o law_n as_o the_o great_a council_n shall_v offer_v to_o he_o or_o else_o such_o as_o he_o may_v propose_v to_o they_o for_o their_o consent_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v very_o possible_a that_o either_o the_o k._n or_o the_o parliament_n may_v propose_v such_o law_n as_o may_v not_o seem_v equitable_a or_o just_o and_o then_o certain_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o have_v a_o negative_a vote_n and_o ought_v not_o to_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o they_o but_o to_o answer_v your_o last_o instance_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o this_o king_n as_o a_o conqueror_n impose_v what_o tax_n and_o service_n he_o please_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o clergy_n too_o by_o make_v the_o bishopric_n and_o great_a abbey_n liable_a to_o knight_n service_n which_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o his_o own_o sole_a authority_n without_o any_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v only_o gratis_o dictâ—m_o and_o be_v indeed_o altogether_o improbable_a for_o if_o the_o k_o have_v do_v this_o by_o his_o sole_a power_n he_o will_v have_v impose_v this_o service_n upon_o all_o the_o abbey_n in_o england_n who_o land_n may_v have_v be_v as_o well_o reduce_v to_o knight_n fee_n as_o those_o that_o be_v put_v under_o that_o service_n and_o so_o may_v have_v be_v force_v to_o find_v as_o many_o soldier_n as_o they_o have_v fee_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishopric_n and_o great_a abbey_n but_o indeed_o the_o clergy_n be_v too_o powerful_a a_o body_n to_o be_v thus_o arbitrary_o impose_v upon_o and_o they_o will_v soon_o have_v complain_v to_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o k._n for_o this_o new_a servitude_n he_o have_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v we_o may_v with_o much_o more_o safety_n conclude_v with_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n that_o this_o imposition_n of_o knight_n service_n upon_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n be_v do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v too_o great_a a_o matter_n to_o be_v do_v without_o it_o for_o it_o appear_v by_o eadmerus_n that_o the_o k._n hold_v a_o council_n this_o very_a year_n though_o the_o law_n and_o proceed_n of_o it_o be_v all_o lose_v and_o this_o be_v the_o more_o likely_a to_o be_v so_o because_o this_o imposition_n be_v not_o lay_v upon_o all_o the_o abbey_n in_o england_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o bishopric_n and_o such_o abbey_n as_o be_v of_o royal_a foundation_n and_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n before_o your_o conquest_n and_o be_v only_o such_o as_o enjoy_v whole_a barony_n as_o mat._n paris_n there_o tell_v we_o i_o shall_v now_o come_v to_o your_o last_o head_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o your_o conqueror_n by_o his_o sole_a power_n alter_v the_o course_n of_o trial_n and_o introduce_v the_o custom_n of_o duel_n or_o single_a combat_n in_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o criminal_a cause_n the_o chief_a argument_n you_o have_v for_o this_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o this_o trial_n by_o duel_n in_o our_o english_a saxon_n law_n before_o the_o conquest_n which_o be_v but_o a_o negative_a argument_n at_o the_o best_a and_o you_o can_v show_v i_o no_o ancient_a author_n that_o say_v express_o that_o k._n william_n introduce_v it_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v first_o mention_v in_o his_o law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o here_o before_o since_o it_o be_v certain_o in_o use_n among_o the_o franc_n and_o longobard_n who_o be_v german_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o saxon_n but_o admit_v it_o be_v first_o introduce_v by_o the_o conqueror_n this_o be_v no_o badge_n of_o conquest_n for_o the_o norman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a be_v subject_a to_o this_o trial_n which_o be_v in_o use_n in_o france_n and_o normandy_n long_o before_o this_o king_n be_v come_v in_o so_o that_o admit_v he_o first_o establish_v it_o here_o it_o may_v not_o have_v be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n but_o by_o some_o law_n make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o it_o be_v now_o lose_v as_o we_o have_v very_o few_o of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v make_v by_o this_o k._n now_o leave_v we_o beside_o those_o which_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o k._n edward_n with_o this_o king_n alteration_n of_o they_o all_o which_o be_v certain_o do_v in_o the_o common_a council_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o punishment_n for_o deer_n steal_v and_o other_o crime_n which_o be_v either_o punishable_a by_o pecuniary_a mulcâ—s_n or_o else_o by_o death_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n since_o those_o alteration_n may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n but_o that_o the_o same_o forest_n law_n be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o after_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o forest_n law_n of_o king_n knute_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n glossary_a title_n foresta_n only_o the_o punishment_n be_v there_o pecuniary_a or_o else_o loss_n of_o liberty_n which_o after_o your_o conquest_n be_v change_v into_o the_o loss_n of_o eye_n and_o member_n but_o as_o for_o other_o lesser_a matter_n as_o his_o disarm_v the_o english_a and_o forbid_a night_n meeting_n if_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v as_o i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o express_a law_n for_o they_o for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n mention_v in_o the_o law_n de_fw-fr nocturnis_fw-la custodiis_fw-la they_o be_v either_o practise_v by_o this_o k._n for_o his_o own_o security_n after_o the_o english_a have_v by_o their_o frequent_a
paul_n successor_n to_o frederick_n hic_fw-la primus_fw-la abbas_n huius_fw-la ecclesiâ—â—suti_fw-la postquam_fw-la anglia_fw-it normannis_fw-la penitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la sâ—bjugata_fw-la f._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o great_a part_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v but_o whether_o the_o english_a be_v to_o blame_v to_o make_v these_o insuâ—rections_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v provoke_v to_o it_o by_o the_o king_n unreasonable_a severity_n i_o have_v not_o now_o time_n to_o dispute_v if_o it_o be_v their_o fault_n he_o have_v no_o doubt_n very_o good_a cause_n to_o do_v as_o he_o do_v and_o to_o punish_v such_o as_o be_v guilty_a but_o it_o be_v altogether_o unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a to_o punish_v the_o innocent_a with_o the_o guilty_a nor_o can_v he_o have_v any_o right_a to_o do_v it_o as_o a_o conqueror_n since_o by_o take_v his_o coronation_n oath_n to_o deal_v merciful_o with_o his_o subject_n and_o to_o treat_v both_o english_a and_o french_a with_o equal_a right_n he_o have_v renounce_v that_o title_n and_o that_o he_o look_v upon_o himself_o as_o a_o tyrant_n if_o he_o have_v govern_v without_o be_v crown_v or_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n as_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o from_o abbot_n broâ—ton's_n chronicle_n the_o author_n of_o which_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k_o richard_n i._n who_o have_v col_n 962._o these_o word_n cumque_fw-la willelmus_fw-la dux_n normannorum_fw-la conquestor_fw-la angliae_fw-la tyranni_fw-la nomen_fw-la exhorresceâ—et_fw-la &_o nomen_fw-la legitimi_fw-la principis_fw-la endure_v vellet_fw-la a_o stigando_n cant._n archiepiscopo_fw-la in_o regâ—ia_fw-la petiit_fw-la consecrari_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o but_o your_o reply_n that_o he_o do_v not_o show_v himself_o a_o perfect_a conqueror_n till_o he_o wâ—n_v thorough_o settle_v be_v very_o pleasant_a as_o if_o be_v solemn_o crown_v and_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o govern_v just_o and_o according_a to_o law_n and_o after_o four_o year_n quiet_a possession_n and_o a_o voluntary_a confirmation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o his_o predecessor_n be_v not_o sufficient_a sign_n of_o his_o peaceable_a settlement_n upon_o the_o throne_n unless_o you_o will_v have_v a_o king_n to_o be_v never_o settle_v until_o he_o have_v by_o the_o force_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n get_v sufficient_a power_n to_o do_v all_o he_o design_n that_o be_v to_o take_v away_o his_o subject_n liberty_n and_o estate_n at_o his_o pleasure_n contrary_a to_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o the_o law_n he_o have_v make_v if_o those_o be_v sign_n of_o a_o thorough_a settlement_n pray_v consider_v whether_o the_o king_n that_o be_v go_v away_o be_v ever_o thorough_o settle_v at_o this_o rate_n though_o i_o confess_v he_o be_v in_o a_o very_a fair_a way_n to_o give_v we_o such_o a_o thorough_a settlement_n but_o since_o you_o date_n this_o thorough_a settlement_n from_o that_o great_a transaction_n of_o abbot_n frederick_n i_o be_o not_o afraid_a to_o appeal_v to_o 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act_v more_o mild_o with_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n humble_o propose_v term_n of_o peace_n and_o with_o a_o pleasant_a countenance_n invite_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n though_o deceitful_a as_o the_o end_n at_o last_o declare_v therefore_o the_o say_a english_a meet_v he_o at_o berkhamstead_n think_v no_o harm_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o abbot_n frederick_n where_o after_o many_o dispute_v archbishop_n lanfranc_n be_v present_a the_o k._n swear_v upon_o all_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o church_n of_o st._n alban_n as_o also_o upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n inviolable_o to_o observe_v the_o good_a ancient_a approve_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o picus_n king_n of_o england_n his_o predecessor_n and_o chief_o k._n edward_n have_v establish_v and_o so_o be_v pacify_v they_o all_o return_v home_o very_o well_o satisfy_v so_o that_o you_o see_v this_o be_v the_o three_o time_n whereby_o he_o renounce_v all_o right_n of_o conquest_n if_o ever_o he_o have_v any_o by_o swear_v express_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o find_v his_o coronation_n oath_n will_v not_o bind_v he_o beside_o his_o so_o solemn_a confirmation_n of_o k._n edward_n law_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o long_o before_o m._n but_o pray_v read_v a_o little_a far_o and_o see_v how_o he_o resent_v this_o force_n now_o put_v upon_o he_o and_o whether_o at_o all_o he_o intend_v to_o keep_v what_o he_o have_v swear_v or_o to_o divest_v himself_o of_o his_o right_n of_o conquest_n and_o therefore_o give_v i_o now_o leave_v to_o read_v the_o rest_n out_o of_o this_o author_n but_o the_o k._n cunning_o hide_v his_o design_n within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o study_v how_o to_o overcome_v and_o supplant_v those_o disperse_v and_o asunder_o who_o he_o can_v not_o when_o join_v and_o confederate_a together_o which_o he_o perform_v by_o kill_v disinherit_n and_o banish_v many_o of_o they_o and_o violate_v the_o above_o mention_v law_n and_o the_o english_a be_v thus_o spoil_v at_o pleasure_n and_o impoverish_v without_o any_o legal_a judgement_n he_o therewith_o enrich_v his_o norman_n to_o the_o great_a provocation_n of_o his_o natural_a english_a subject_n who_o have_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n thus_o exalt_v he_o so_o that_o you_o see_v he_o never_o intend_v to_o keep_v his_o oath_n that_o be_v thus_o force_v upon_o he_o for_o conqueror_n do_v not_o love_v to_o be_v make_v slave_n to_o their_o word_n whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o and_o therefore_o i_o may_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n both_o as_o to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n 289._o as_o also_o to_o this_o now_o mention_v from_o a_o old_a english_a proverb_n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o oath_n but_o be_v either_o break_v or_o keep_v more_o conqueror_n than_o one_o have_v use_v fair_a pretence_n and_o make_v smooth_a promise_n and_o deal_v cunning_o with_o the_o people_n to_o carry_v on_o their_o design_n and_o have_v at_o first_o take_v plausible_a oath_n and_o break_v they_o afterward_o nay_o take_v they_o when_o they_o intend_v not_o to_o keep_v they_o and_o know_v thâ—y_n can_v not_o and_o for_o oath_n break_v harold_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o duke_n william_n when_o he_o demand_v the_o kingdom_n of_o he_o have_v give_v he_o a_o fair_a example_n that_o stuâ—tum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la est_fw-la frangendum_fw-la many_o specious_a oath_n vow_n and_o covenant_n be_v contrive_v and_o take_v by_o crafty_a and_o design_v man_n in_o the_o late_a time_n and_o impose_v upon_o the_o people_n contrary_a to_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n they_o have_v before_o take_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o cheat_v they_o into_o rebellion_n and_o to_o make_v they_o author_n of_o their_o own_o slavery_n which_o be_v discover_v too_o late_o when_o they_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o a_o army_n and_o can_v not_o help_v themselves_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v at_o large_a will_v the_o time_n 〈◊〉_d f._n before_o i_o give_v you_o a_o positive_a answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v though_o i_o do_v believe_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v true_a as_o mat._n paris_n have_v relate_v it_o either_o from_o tradition_n or_o else_o from_o the_o legier_n book_n of_o his_o own_o abbey_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o out_o of_o hatred_n to_o this_o king_n severe_a proceed_n they_o do_v not_o represent_v k._n william_n cruelty_n and_o severity_n much_o great_a than_o it_o be_v for_o though_o i_o grant_v after_o this_o time_n he_o turn_v a_o great_a many_o more_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o put_v divers_a of_o they_o to_o death_n yet_o whether_o he_o do_v this_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o legal_a process_n be_v very_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v since_o we_o find_v many_o forfeiture_n mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n which_o have_v be_v needless_a
quantity_n of_o pamphlet_n that_o have_v be_v write_v upon_o these_o subject_n as_o also_o that_o such_o as_o have_v peruse_v they_o may_v find_v together_o in_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a discourse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v urge_v on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o other_o upon_o these_o important_a subject_n and_o since_o the_o great_a number_n of_o treatise_n of_o this_o kind_n have_v rather_o serve_v to_o confound_v than_o instruct_v ordinary_a reader_n i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n of_o very_a few_o of_o they_o only_o to_o take_v the_o chief_a and_o strong_a argument_n on_o either_o side_n and_o fair_o to_o represent_v they_o at_o once_o to_o the_o reader_n view_v who_o i_o hope_n have_v the_o discretion_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v best_a since_o i_o declare_v i_o write_v for_o no_o party_n but_o pure_o for_o truth_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v now_o and_o shall_v still_o endeavour_v to_o avoid_v all_o personal_a reflection_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ensue_a dialogue_n not_o only_o on_o their_o present_a majesty_n but_o also_o on_o king_n james_n since_o i_o remember_v he_o be_v a_o crown_a head_n and_o be_v still_o the_o father_n of_o our_o illustrious_a queen_n let_v his_o fail_n have_v be_v what_o they_o will_n but_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v not_o be_v scandalize_v if_o i_o have_v so_o far_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o able_a divine_n as_o well_o as_o lawyer_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n in_o make_v one_o of_o the_o party_n in_o this_o dialogue_n assert_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n we_o the_o only_a just_a and_o natural_a mean_n of_o confer_v a_o just_a right_n to_o civil_a power_n since_o the_o learned_a mr._n hooker_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o ecclesiastical_a policy_n lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n 70._o that_o in_o every_o politic_a societyâ—â—â—t_n be_v impossible_a that_o any_o shall_v have_v complete_a lawful_a powâ—â—_n buâ—â—y_v the_o consent_n of_o man_n or_o the_o immediate_a appointment_n of_o god_n and_o chancellor_n fortescue_n in_o his_o discourse_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la 12_o and_o 13._o chapter_n suppose_v all_o kingly_a â—ower_n as_o well_o what_o be_v absolute_a as_o that_o which_o be_v politic_a or_o limit_v by_o law_n to_o have_v proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o people_n consent_n not_o that_o the_o power_n itself_o be_v otherwise_o than_o from_o god_n only_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o people_n as_o a_o instrument_n whereby_o to_o convey_v it_o and_o i_o hope_v none_o of_o those_o who_o be_v still_o for_o king_n james_n interest_n will_v be_v offend_v at_o this_o doctrine_n since_o those_o that_o have_v write_v with_o the_o great_a judgement_n for_o his_o absolute_a indefeasible_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v place_v it_o in_o his_o legal_a right_n to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o all_o must_v own_v can_v not_o have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o people_n consent_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o desire_v of_o you_o which_o be_v your_o patience_n and_o attention_n if_o some_o of_o the_o speech_n in_o this_o dialogue_n be_v long_o than_o ordinary_a since_o they_o be_v upon_o subject_n that_o will_v not_o well_o bear_v interruption_n and_o to_o tell_v you_o far_o the_o press_n stay_v for_o the_o sheet_n i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o make_v they_o short_a the_o eleven_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n f._n dear_o sir_n you_o be_v welcome_a to_o town_n you_o have_v be_v absent_a a_o long_a time_n and_o indeed_o i_o wonder_v how_o you_o can_v stay_v away_o so_o long_o when_o such_o greaâ—_n thing_n as_o the_o king_n to_o have_v abdicate_v and_o place_v his_o son_n and_o daughter_n in_o the_o throne_n have_v be_v transact_v m._n i_o thank_v you_o kind_o sir_n but_o yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v be_v so_o little_o satisfy_v with_o what_o your_o convention_n have_v do_v in_o these_o matter_n that_o the_o very_a hear_n of_o it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a affliction_n to_o i_o and_o it_o will_v have_v certain_o be_v a_o much_o great_a have_v i_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o see_v such_o horrid_a thing_n as_o the_o deposition_n of_o a_o king_n the_o disinherit_n of_o his_o right_a heir_n and_o the_o set_n up_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n who_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o long_a 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n live_v nor_o yet_o after_o his_o death_n as_o long_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v in_o be_v f._n i_o confess_v these_o be_v very_o high_a charge_n if_o they_o will_v hold_v but_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v the_o hypothesis_n i_o propose_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o the_o king_n have_v by_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n make_v between_o his_o ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n and_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o observe_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v in_o this_o great_a affair_n i_o suppose_v may_v be_v very_o well_o maintain_v and_o justify_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o maintain_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n how_o far_o i_o have_v proceed_v in_o the_o pâ—ooâ—_n of_o this_o assertion_n first_o i_o have_v make_v out_o that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realâ—_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n thereof_o neither_o ever_o be_v so_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o kingly_a government_n in_o this_o island_n second_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n not_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n must_v hold_v that_o share_n thereof_o which_o he_o enjoy_v upon_o this_o imply_v or_o tacit_n condition_n that_o if_o he_o usurp_v what_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o people_n do_v assert_v their_o right_n by_o oppose_v his_o unjust_a violence_n and_o usurpation_n and_o that_o he_o still_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o this_o violation_n he_o certain_o thereby_o lose_v and_o forfeit_v not_o only_o that_o part_n of_o the_o power_n which_o he_o so_o unjust_o usurp_v but_o also_o his_o own_o too_o and_o for_o this_o i_o give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o learned_a grotius_n at_o our_o last_o meet_v three_o i_o have_v also_o answer_v your_o main_a argument_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n obtain_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o conquest_n of_o king_n harold_n a_o absolute_a right_n and_o unconditioned_a power_n foâ—_n himself_o and_o his_o successorâ—_n descend_v from_o he_o over_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o king_n william_n have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n than_o by_o the_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o the_o eâ—ection_n and_o recognition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o the_o unexceptionable_a authority_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o if_o he_o afterward_o act_v otherwise_o and_o contrary_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n it_o be_v not_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n but_o as_o a_o tyrant_n and_o a_o usurper_n on_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n and_o can_v not_o by_o his_o own_o unjust_a act_n acquire_v any_o lawful_a power_n so_o to_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o title_n king_n william_n or_o his_o successor_n can_v pretend_v to_o it_o must_v be_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a line_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o henry_n y._n be_v descend_v and_o consequent_o aâ—e_v oblige_v to_o hold_v the_o crown_n under_o the_o same_o condition_n on_o which_o it_o be_v first_o confer_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o ever_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n i._o the_o crown_n have_v be_v no_o long_o claim_v by_o election_n but_o by_o succession_n of_o he_o that_o real_o be_v or_o else_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n yet_o this_o different_a way_n of_o acquire_v the_o crown_n do_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o condition_n or_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o sâ—â—e_z ouâ—_n king_n have_v always_o after_o that_o time_n as_o before_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o same_o or_o rather_o â—â—â—cter_n terâ—â—_n in_o their_o coronation_n oath_n to_o observe_v and_o keep_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n make_v law_n raise_v tax_n and_o redress_v of_o grievance_n arise_v 〈◊〉_d the_o unjust_a exercise_n and_o illegal_a encroachment_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n have_v be_v exert_v
ever_o since_o the_o crown_n become_v elective_a as_o much_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v before_o last_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o king_n james_n have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o several_a instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v and_o be_o also_o ready_a far_a to_o make_v it_o out_o if_o you_o require_v it_o so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o case_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a why_o the_o crown_n or_o legal_a authority_n shall_v not_o become_v forfeit_v to_o the_o people_n who_o at_o first_o confer_v this_o power_n on_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v do_v your_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v those_o assertion_n you_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o but_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v that_o you_o true_o have_v do_v it_o but_o however_o not_o to_o run_v into_o unneccessary_a dispute_n and_o repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o argue_v and_o which_o i_o see_v you_o be_v too_o obstinate_a to_o recede_v from_o i_o shall_v now_o only_o oppose_v what_o you_o last_o assert_v concern_v the_o crown_n be_v be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o people_n upon_o the_o king_n be_v pretend_a breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n for_o beside_o the_o absurdity_n of_o make_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a to_o the_o people_n who_o be_v and_o ever_o be_v subject_n and_o not_o prince_n or_o governor_n whereas_o all_o forfeiture_n still_o suppose_v a_o right_n in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o take_v it_o as_o superior_a to_o the_o party_n forfeit_v there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a error_n and_o mistake_n in_o your_o suppose_v all_o civil_a and_o legal_a power_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o people_n and_o by_o they_o confer_v upon_o their_o king_n or_o governor_n whereas_o the_o scripture_n plain_o affirm_v and_o all_o divine_n so_o interpret_v they_o that_o all_o civil_a power_n and_o authority_n be_v whole_o from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n who_o even_o in_o elective_a kingdom_n though_o they_o may_v name_v and_o design_n the_o person_n who_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v their_o king_n yet_o be_v the_o power_n whole_o from_o god_n who_o alone_o have_v right_a to_o govern_v mankind_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o people_n do_v not_o confer_v the_o power_n so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v forfeitable_a to_o they_o from_o who_o it_o be_v never_o derive_v and_o so_o much_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o our_o last_o meeting_n though_o i_o have_v not_o then_o time_n full_o to_o urge_v this_o argument_n as_o now_o i_o have_v and_o this_o will_v press_v the_o more_o upon_o you_o because_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v at_o several_a meeting_n that_o all_o civil_a and_o regal_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o your_o notion_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o monarch_n forfeit_v to_o they_o be_v whole_o false_a and_o precarious_a f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o that_o you_o have_v to_o object_v against_o our_o assertion_n of_o the_o king_n be_v forfeit_v his_o royal_a authority_n to_o the_o people_n i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o answer_v those_o objection_n for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o absurdity_n which_o you_o lay_v to_o our_o charge_n how_o a_o authority_n can_v be_v forfeit_v by_o a_o king_n or_o superior_a to_o his_o subject_n or_o vassal_n the_o absurdity_n lie_v on_o your_o side_n for_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v this_o forfeiture_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o people_n as_o subject_n but_o to_o they_o consider_v as_o a_o community_n of_o master_n of_o family_n and_o freeman_n who_o as_o the_o descendant_n and_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o make_v the_o first_o king_n upon_o a_o certain_a contract_n or_o condition_n upon_o the_o non-performance_n of_o this_o original_a contract_n do_v thereupon_o cease_v to_o be_v subject_n as_o a_o servant_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o and_o become_v again_o svi_fw-la furis_fw-la upon_o his_o master_n non-performance_n of_o the_o bargain_n make_v between_o they_o and_o so_o this_o authority_n thus_o forfeit_v return_v to_o the_o community_n of_o master_n of_o family_n and_o freeman_n who_o once_o confer_v it_o upon_o the_o first_o king_n nor_o need_v this_o forfeiture_n any_o more_o suppose_v a_o superiority_n in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o take_v it_o over_o the_o prince_n that_o commit_v it_o than_o when_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n tenant_n for_o life_n alien_n in_o fee_n he_o in_o reversion_n may_v immediate_o enter_v upon_o the_o estate_n as_o forfeit_v to_o he_o 251._o though_o the_o person_n that_o hold_v it_o be_v perhaps_o his_o own_o father_n m._n but_o be_v not_o this_o then_o to_o recede_v from_o your_o former_a concession_n whereby_o you_o grant_v that_o civil_a authority_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n at_o all_o whereas_o you_o now_o suppose_v they_o the_o only_a original_a or_o fountain_n of_o civil_a authority_n and_o from_o they_o to_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o prince_n and_o monarch_n f._n this_o difficulty_n whole_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o right_o understand_v the_o manner_n of_o god_n confer_v civil_a power_n or_o authority_n upon_o those_o that_o exercise_v it_o for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o which_o difficulty_n pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o two_o or_o three_o question_n first_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o you_o be_v still_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o monarchy_n be_v so_o much_o of_o divine_a institution_n as_o that_o no_o government_n but_o that_o may_v be_v lawful_o institute_v by_o man_n m._n i_o will_v not_o now_o affirm_v that_o monarchy_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n but_o this_o much_o i_o may_v safe_o over_o by_o what_o we_o can_v find_v in_o scripture_n that_o god_n institute_v no_o sort_n of_o government_n but_o that_o and_o he_o do_v not_o make_v saul_n or_o david_n to_o be_v only_o like_o those_o equivocal_a king_n who_o may_v be_v deposable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o estate_n but_o confer_v part_n of_o his_o own_o divine_a power_n upon_o they_o without_o any_o condition_n or_o limitation_n whatsoever_o but_o as_o for_o those_o government_n call_v commonwealth_n though_o without_o doubt_n they_o be_v not_o of_o divine_a institution_n yet_o certain_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o they_o exercise_v be_v whole_o from_o god_n since_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v a_o man_n not_o have_v power_n over_o his_o own_o life_n can_v confer_v that_o upon_o another_o which_o he_o have_v not_o in_o himself_o f._n well_o i_o be_o glad_a we_o be_v so_o far_o agree_v that_o commonwealth_n be_v endue_v with_o real_a authority_n or_o majesty_n as_o well_o as_o monarch_n and_o that_o from_o no_o less_o author_n than_o from_o god_n himself_o so_o that_o whatever_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v god_n institution_n of_o no_o other_o government_n than_o monarchy_n be_v either_o not_o true_a or_o not_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o thiâ—d_o meeting_n that_o the_o first_o government_n god_n institute_v among_o the_o jew_n be_v a_o aristocracy_n under_o moses_n joshua_n and_o the_o judge_n reserve_v the_o kingly_a power_n over_o they_o to_o himself_o and_o though_o it_o be_v likewise_o true_a that_o god_n divest_v himself_o of_o great_a part_n of_o this_o kingly_a power_n when_o he_o anoint_v saul_n king_n yet_o god_n institution_n of_o monarchy_n among_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o render_v it_o unlawful_a for_o other_o nation_n to_o institute_v such_o other_o sort_n of_o government_n as_o may_v best_o suit_v with_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o public_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a community_n but_o as_o for_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o all_o civil_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n because_o otherwise_o they_o can_v not_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o subject_n i_o have_v sufficient_o take_v off_o that_o difficulty_n at_o our_o second_o meeting_n and_o show_v you_o that_o a_o man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n have_v not_o only_a power_n over_o another_o man_n life_n but_o also_o over_o his_o own_o not_o only_o to_o hazard_v it_o but_o also_o to_o lay_v down_o or_o lose_v it_o for_o some_o great_a public_a benefit_n to_o mankind_n which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o apostle_n paul_n himself_o for_o a_o good_a man_n some_o will_v even_o dare_v to_o die_v but_o further_a to_o show_v you_o the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o principle_n let_v i_o put_v you_o this_o case_n suppose_v that_o a_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o institute_v at_o the_o first_o that_o no_o subject_a or_o freeman_n shall_v suffer_v death_n for_o any_o crime_n how_o great_a soever_o which_o that_o
want_v to_o the_o make_v such_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n a_o lawful_a and_o absolute_a prince_n provide_v he_o be_v endue_v with_o such_o power_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o protect_v they_o yet_o all_o this_o while_n without_o suppose_v any_o new_a divine_a authority_n to_o be_v infuse_v by_o god_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o this_o dignity_n m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n concern_v your_o sense_n of_o this_o matter_n than_o ever_o i_o have_v before_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o further_o dispute_v this_o point_n with_o you_o only_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o upon_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o you_o be_v found_v that_o desperate_a opinion_n concern_v the_o real_a authority_n or_o majesty_n of_o the_o people_n which_o the_o commonwealth_n man_n suppose_v still_o to_o reside_v in_o the_o diffusive_a body_n thereof_o after_o the_o government_n be_v institute_v and_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o suppose_v there_o still_o remain_v a_o power_n in_o they_o to_o call_v their_o king_n or_o governor_n to_o a_o account_n and_o punish_v they_o for_o tyranny_n or_o any_o other_o suppose_a fault_n against_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n or_o the_o original_a contract_n as_o those_o of_o your_o party_n be_v please_v to_o term_v it_o f._n well_o then_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o be_o none_o of_o those_o commonwealth_n man_n who_o maintain_v any_o such_o desperate_a doctrine_n here_o i_o do_v free_o own_v that_o where_o the_o people_n have_v part_v with_o their_o whole_a power_n either_o to_o a_o monarch_n or_o else_o to_o a_o supreme_a council_n or_o senate_n from_o thenceforth_o they_o have_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o do_v to_o call_v such_o governor_n to_o a_o account_n or_o to_o punish_v they_o for_o the_o high_a tyranny_n or_o oppression_n they_o can_v commit_v the_o utmost_a i_o have_v allow_v as_o lawful_a to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o case_n in_o all_o the_o conversation_n we_o have_v have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o the_o people_n in_o case_n they_o see_v themselves_o like_a to_o be_v destroy_v and_o ruin_v both_o in_o their_o persoâ—â—_n conscience_n and_o estate_n may_v even_o under_o the_o most_o absolute_a government_n stand_v upon_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o prevent_v their_o be_v thus_o total_o ruin_v and_o may_v also_o cast_v off_o all_o allegiance_n to_o such_o power_n in_o case_n they_o refuse_v to_o treat_v they_o with_o great_a justice_n and_o moderation_n for_o the_o future's_n but_o as_o for_o such_o limit_v or_o mix_v government_n as_o we_o be_v where_o the_o people_n have_v still_o retain_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislature_n and_o also_o in_o the_o raise_n of_o public_a tax_n yet_o since_o the_o king_n be_v by_o law_n exempt_v from_o punishment_n or_o render_v any_o account_n of_o his_o action_n either_o to_o the_o people_n or_o their_o representative_n the_o utmost_a that_o i_o contend_v for_o be_v that_o since_o the_o king_n receive_v only_o a_o limit_a power_n of_o rule_v according_a to_o such_o and_o such_o law_n and_o will_v usurp_v that_o share_n of_o the_o government_n that_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o such_o case_n if_o he_o refuse_v to_o amend_v than_o they_o may_v resist_v his_o officer_n and_o minister_n nay_o himself_n in_o person_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n and_o if_o he_o still_o prsi_v and_o rceâ—use_n to_o amend_v that_o then_o at_o last_o they_o may_v proceed_v to_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n or_o regal_a right_n of_o rule_v over_o they_o and_o then_o in_o such_o case_n i_o hold_v that_o it_o again_o devolve_v to_o the_o people_n from_o who_o it_o first_o proceed_v and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a doctrine_n i_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o fortescut_n on_o my_o side_n 〈…〉_z who_o in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr laudibusâ—_n legum_n angliae_fw-la where_o after_o have_v show_v that_o all_o political_a or_o limit_a government_n proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n proceed_v thus_o addressing_z himself_z to_z prince_z henry_n son_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o for_o who_o he_o compose_v this_o work_n habâ—s_v ex_fw-la hâ—c_fw-la 〈◊〉_d princâ—â—s_v institutionis_fw-la politici_fw-la regni_fw-la formam_fw-la ex_fw-la qâ—â—_n metiri_fw-la poteris_fw-la potestatem_fw-la quam_fw-la rex_fw-la ejuâ—_n 〈◊〉_d legis_fw-la ipsius_fw-la aut_fw-la subditos_fw-la valeat_fw-la exercire_fw-la ad_fw-la tutelam_fw-la â—amous_a legis_fw-la ac_fw-la subdit_fw-la orum_fw-la â—â—rum_fw-la corporum_fw-la &_o â—onorum_fw-la rex_fw-la hujuâ—modi_fw-la erectus_fw-la est_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hanc_fw-la potestatem_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la affluxam_fw-la ipsi_fw-la habet_fw-la quo_fw-la eiâ—noâ—_n licâ—t_fw-la potestate_fw-la aliâ_fw-la suâ—_n popule_n dâ—minarâ—_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o he_o call_v the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n not_o regnum_fw-la simple_o but_o regnum_fw-la politicum_fw-la that_o be_v a_o politic_a or_o limit_a kingdom_n in_o opposition_n to_o regnum_fw-la absolutum_fw-la make_v up_o of_o divers_a part_n this_o he_o call_v a_o â—ower_n flow_v or_o proceed_v from_o the_o people_n and_o if_o it_o thus_o proceed_v from_o the_o people_n it_o must_v certain_o return_v to_o they_o again_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o the_o condition_n to_o be_v perform_v on_o his_o part_n noâ—_n do_v this_o suppose_v any_o real_a majesty_n or_o authority_n in_o they_o who_o take_v this_o forfeiture_n any_o more_o than_o be_v â—o's_n suppose_v it_o in_o the_o people_n according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n when_o the_o civil_a authority_n do_v again_o devolve_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o a_o king_n without_o lawful_a heir_n m._n i_o do_v now_o very_o well_o understand_v your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o think_v prince_n be_v not_o thereby_o in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o be_v thus_o unaccountable_a to_o and_o unpunishable_a by_o the_o people_n but_o that_o they_o be_v father_n in_o a_o much_o worse_o since_o you_o say_v they_o may_v resist_v nay_o kill_v they_o when_o they_o be_v once_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n against_o they_o for_o whereas_o where_o prince_n be_v accountable_a to_o their_o people_n or_o senate_n they_o may_v then_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v hear_v to_o make_v their_o defence_n in_o case_n of_o any_o oppression_n or_o misgovernment_n lay_v to_o their_o charge_n as_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o great_a assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o dyeâ—_n of_o the_o nation_n whereas_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o king_n as_o you_o have_v put_v it_o though_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a to_o the_o parliament_n yet_o he_o be_v still_o liable_a to_o that_o which_o be_v more_o dangerous_a viz._n to_o be_v judge_v censure_v and_o declare_v forfeit_n by_o every_o considerable_a fellow_n of_o the_o rabble_n on_o pretence_n of_o violate_v this_o original_a contract_n and_o have_v break_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v condemn_v unheard_a and_o perhaps_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n so_o that_o i_o think_v a_o man_n have_v as_o good_a be_v a_o bâ—â—ward_n as_o a_o king_n upon_o such_o term._n f._n the_o man_n of_o your_o principle_n i_o see_v be_v not_o to_o be_v please_v unless_o prince_n may_v do_v whatever_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o without_o control_n or_o any_o man_n judge_v or_o oppose_v the_o illegality_n of_o their_o action_n for_o if_o a_o parliament_n take_v upon_o its_o self_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o king_n action_n this_o be_v call_v their_o prince_n to_o a_o account_n and_o a_o thing_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o also_o that_o of_o nation_n if_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v when_o he_o have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o break_v the_o original_a contract_n and_o thereupon_o resist_v he_o this_o be_v make_v the_o king_n liable_a to_o be_v judge_v and_o censure_v by_o every_o mean_a fellow_n of_o the_o rabble_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o both_o judge_a and_o disobey_v the_o king_n command_n if_o contrary_a to_o law_n be_v not_o a_o thing_n of_o such_o dangerous_a consequence_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o late_a petition_n of_o the_o seven_o bishop_n wherein_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_n that_o the_o king_n 〈◊〉_d declaration_n of_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n be_v against_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n they_o can_v with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n publish_v it_o or_o agree_v to_o the_o reâ—ding_n of_o â—t_a in_o the_o church_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d a_o make_v the_o king_n action_n liable_a to_o be_v judge_v and_o censure_v by_o every_o one_o of_o the_o rabble_n since_o these_o bishop_n act_v thus_o neither_o as_o privy_a councillor_n noâ—_n as_o peer_n in_o parliament_n for_o by_o the_o
but_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o none_o of_o they_o depose_v any_o thing_n concern_v their_o see_v any_o milk_n come_v from_o her_o majesty_n breast_n after_o she_o be_v deliver_v and_o perhaps_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o for_o i_o have_v have_v it_o from_o good_a hand_n that_o she_o have_v none_o afterward_o whatever_o she_o have_v before_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o since_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a but_o as_o for_o the_o midwife_n her_o deposition_n be_v equivocal_a that_o she_o take_v a_o child_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n she_o be_v also_o a_o papist_n and_o consequent_o a_o suspect_a witness_n in_o this_o cause_n whereas_o all_o this_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v have_v the_o queen_n be_v she_o real_o with_o child_n be_v persuade_v to_o be_v deliver_v not_o within_o the_o bed_n but_o upon_o a_o pallate_n where_o all_o the_o person_n who_o business_n and_o concern_v it_o be_v to_o be_v present_a may_v 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during_o his_o confinement_n there_o send_v a_o lady_n i_o can_v name_v on_o a_o message_n to_o two_o reverend_a prelate_n of_o our_o church_n together_o with_o a_o emerald_n ring_n from_o his_o finger_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o her_o commission_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o his_o majesty_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o sad_a condition_n the_o church_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o he_o himself_o be_v in_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o way_n so_o likely_a for_o he_o to_o get_v out_o of_o it_o as_o by_o grant_v his_o subject_n and_o particular_o the_o church_n of_o england_n such_o security_n for_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n as_o they_o can_v in_o reason_n demand_v therefore_o he_o whole_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o those_o bishop_n to_o make_v to_o the_o peer_n and_o bishop_n that_o be_v then_o to_o meet_v sudden_o whatever_o proposal_n they_o shall_v think_v reasonable_a on_o his_o behalf_n for_o the_o 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whole_a nation_n and_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o particular_a require_v at_o his_o hand_n but_o that_o he_o must_v send_v a_o loose_a and_o uncertain_a message_n which_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o disow_v whenever_o he_o please_v by_o say_v the_o foolish_a woman_n mistake_v his_o meaning_n and_o she_o also_o may_v be_v so_o much_o his_o creature_n as_o to_o take_v the_o fault_n whole_o upon_o herself_o whenever_o it_o shall_v serve_v the_o king_n turn_v so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o wise_o and_o honest_o do_v of_o those_o reverend_a prelet_n to_o refuse_v meddle_v in_o such_o a_o ticklish_a affair_n since_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o his_o not_o make_v any_o such_o proposal_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n himself_o or_o the_o lord_n about_o he_o that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v privy_a to_o it_o but_o rather_o it_o shall_v be_v carry_v on_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o and_o without_o give_v he_o any_o satisfaction_n in_o his_o 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act_n be_v declare_v absolute_o void_a yet_o the_o say_a lord_n chief_a justice_n likewise_o prove_v that_o this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a be_v void_a and_o he_o make_v this_o out_o not_o only_o from_o constant_a practice_n in_o other_o statute_n of_o like_a nature_n but_o also_o from_o the_o opinion_n of_o plowden_n and_o the_o say_a lord_n cook_n 8._o first_o as_o to_o the_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v sheriff_n for_o above_o a_o year_n 2._o that_o all_o letter_n patent_n make_v for_o year_n or_o life_n shall_v be_v void_a 3._o that_o no_o nonobstante_a shall_v make_v they_o good_a which_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n think_v the_o king_n can_v otherwise_o have_v dispense_v with_o this_o act_n by_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la there_o be_v likewise_o in_o this_o act_n a_o penalty_n of_o 200_o l._n and_o the_o party_n be_v also_o disable_v from_o bear_v the_o office_n of_o sheriff_n in_o any_o 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more_o than_o a_o year_n but_o have_v also_o grant_v this_o office_n for_o life_n aâ—_n appear_v by_o the_o same_o case_n cite_v by_o plowden_n in_o his_o commentary_n between_o grendon_n 502._o and_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n where_o he_o express_o say_v that_o notwithstanding_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n to_o be_v sheriff_n during_o life_n aught_o to_o have_v a_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a because_o of_o the_o precise_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n before_o mention_v and_o with_o such_o a_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a the_o patent_n to_o the_o earl_n be_v good_a but_o yet_o my_o lord_n cook_n be_v more_o express_a in_o his_o opinion_n concern_v these_o dispensation_n 18._o for_o in_o his_o twelve_o report_n he_o have_v these_o word_n no_o act_n can_v bind_v the_o king_n from_o any_o prerogative_n which_o be_v sole_a and_o inseparable_a to_o his_o person_n but_o that_o he_o may_v dispense_v with_o it_o by_o 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no_o welshman_n shall_v be_v justice_n chamberlain_z etc._n etc._n nor_o any_o other_o officer_n whatsoever_o in_o any_o part_n of_o walts_n notwithstanding_o any_o patent_n make_v to_o the_o contrary_a with_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a licet_fw-la sit_fw-la wallicus_fw-la natus_fw-la and_o yet_o without_o question_n the_o king_n may_v grant_v those_o now_o office_n to_o welshman_n with_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la and_o the_o say_a lord_n cook_n in_o calvin_n case_n tell_v we_o 14._o that_o the_o same_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n viz._n in_o 2._o of_o hen._n vii_o that_o every_o subject_a be_v by_o his_o natural_a allegiance_n bind_v to_o serve_v and_o obey_v his_o sovereign_n etc._n etc._n and_o he_o then_o proceed_v to_o recite_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n above_o mention_v and_o give_v we_o this_o reason_n for_o it_o for_o that_o the_o act_n can_v not_o bar_v the_o king_n of_o the_o service_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v give_v unto_o he_o this_o be_v there_o report_v as_o the_o sense_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o king_n james_n his_o time_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o have_v be_v ever_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o a_o constant_a prerogative_n exercise_v by_o the_o king_n ever_o since_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o any_o difference_n why_o the_o king_n dispensation_n to_o a_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v good_a for_o the_o hold_n of_o his_o office_n for_o above_o a_o year_n norwithstand_v the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o and_o yet_o a_o dispensation_n for_o the_o take_n or_o hold_v any_o office_n or_o command_n civil_a or_o military_a without_o take_v the_o oath_n and_o test_n appoint_v by_o the_o 25._o of_o charles_n the_o ii_o shall_v be_v declare_v a_o breach_n of_o our_o fundamental_a law_n for_o i_o can_v see_v no_o manner_n of_o difference_n between_o they_o since_o their_o 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proceed_n viz._n his_o commit_n and_o prosecute_a divers_a worthy_a prelate_n for_o humble_o petition_v to_o be_v excuse_v from_o concur_v to_o the_o say_v assume_v power_n for_o if_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o or_o most_o part_n of_o the_o then_o judge_n the_o king_n power_n of_o dispense_v with_o this_o statute_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o be_v good_a it_o be_v certain_o much_o more_o lawful_a in_o dispense_v with_o all_o other_o statute_n against_o papist_n and_o nonconformist_n since_o they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o bire_z penal_a statute_n without_o any_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o king_n charles_n declaration_n give_v a_o toleration_n to_o papist_n and_o dissenter_n by_o dispense_v with_o all_o the_o act_n against_o mass_n and_o conventicle_n be_v declare_v illegal_a by_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o the_o year_n 1672._o and_o that_o the_o king_n to_o get_v a_o good_a lump_n of_o money_n do_v recall_v that_o declaration_n yet_o 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he_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o the_o distribution_n and_o read_n of_o it_o because_o it_o be_v against_o law_n thou_o admit_v it_o be_v be_v no_o way_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v obey_v it_o since_o their_o bare_a distribute_v of_o it_o have_v not_o render_v it_o the_o more_o lawful_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a misdemeanour_n in_o these_o bishop_n to_o deliver_v this_o petition_n their_o commitment_n and_o prosecution_n at_o law_n for_o the_o same_o be_v also_o legal_a and_o what_o the_o privy_a council_n tell_v his_o majesty_n he_o may_v well_o justify_v so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n be_v too_o severe_a in_o this_o matter_n they_o be_v to_o bear_v the_o blame_n and_o not_o he_o f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o you_o have_v give_v a_o just_a account_n of_o the_o main_a argument_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o late_a lord_n chief_a justice_n merbert_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o king_n dispense_n power_n and_o of_o give_v his_o own_o opinion_n 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first_o news_n we_o hear_v of_o they_o be_v from_o mat._n paris_n who_o express_o tell_v we_o 875._o they_o be_v first_o introduce_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o be_v afterward_o insert_v into_o the_o king_n patent_n and_o protection_n in_o imitation_n of_o they_o by_o king_n henry_n iii_o so_o they_o be_v never_o make_v use_n of_o by_o any_o of_o our_o king_n to_o ellude_v act_n of_o parliament_n till_o after_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o seven_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o first_o attempt_n must_v needs_o be_v illegal_a because_o contrary_a to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ch_n 36._o which_o be_v the_o first_o law_n which_o prohibit_v alienation_n in_o mortmain_n and_o be_v not_o only_o swear_v to_o when_o enact_v but_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o many_o after_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o order_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o point_n insomuch_o that_o when_o the_o clergy_n petition_v king_n edward_n i._o for_o a_o relaxation_n of_o this_o statute_n of_o 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of_o ed._n iii_o to_o this_o effect_n that_o if_o prelate_n or_o other_o religious_a people_n have_v purchase_v land_n and_o the_o same_o have_v put_v to_o mortmain_n and_o be_v impeach_v upon_o the_o same_o before_o our_o justice_n and_o they_o show_v our_o charter_n of_o licence_n and_o process_n thereupon_o by_o a_o inquest_n of_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damnum_fw-la or_o of_o our_o grace_n or_o by_o fine_a they_o shall_v be_v free_o lest_o in_o peace_n without_o be_v further_o impeach_v for_o the_o same_o purchase_n etc._n etc._n but_o non-obstantes_a with_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n have_v be_v introduce_v as_o aforesaid_a though_o undeniable_o illegal_a at_o first_o and_o gain_v afterward_o a_o countenance_n from_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v i_o suppose_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o dispense_n with_o other_o act_n of_o parliament_n also_o though_o at_o first_o they_o be_v very_o rare_a and_o seldom_o occur_v in_o the_o old_a book_n but_o be_v more_o frequent_a in_o the_o new_a and_o that_o our_o judge_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v invent_v little_a distinction_n betwixt_o malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la and_o malum_fw-la prohibitum_fw-la betwixt_o law_n make_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la and_o law_n of_o more_o private_a regard_n betwixt_o law_n in_o which_o the_o king_n profit_n and_o interest_n be_v concern_v only_o and_o law_n in_o which_o the_o subject_n have_v a_o interest_n and_o be_v entitle_v to_o a_o action_n as_o the_o party_n grieve_v yet_o the_o case_n that_o have_v hitherto_o come_v before_o they_o judicial_o have_v be_v question_n upon_o dispensation_n grant_v to_o particular_a person_n to_o exempt_v they_o pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la from_o incur_v the_o penalty_n of_o such_o and_o such_o a_o law_n but_o a_o dispensation_n and_o suspension_n of_o so_o many_o law_n at_o a_o lump_n as_o the_o late_a declaration_n of_o indulgence_n do_v take_v upon_o it_o to_o do_v have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o receive_v any_o countenance_n from_o court_n of_o justice_n hitherto_o that_o it_o have_v always_o be_v a_o fatal_a objection_n against_o any_o particular_a dispensation_n of_o it_o it_o be_v such_o as_o consequent_o elude_v and_o frustrate_v the_o whole_a law_n for_o that_o such_o a_o dispensation_n be_v in_o effect_n a_o repeal_n of_o the_o law_n itself_o and_o therefore_o in_o that_o great_a case_n of_o thomas_n and_o sorrel_n in_o the_o lord_n vaughan_n report_n where_o dispensation_n with_o penal_a statute_n be_v in_o some_o case_n allow_v yet_o it_o be_v then_o agree_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o power_n to_o suspend_v a_o law_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v how_o jealous_a the_o parliament_n and_o in_o particular_a the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v of_o trust_v the_o king_n with_o a_o unlimited_a power_n of_o dispense_v with_o penal_a statute_n with_o non-obstantes_a appear_v also_o by_o several_a other_o law_n of_o great_a moment_n and_o in_o particular_a from_o the_o
statute_n of_o provisor_n and_o praemunire_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o henry_n iu_o and_o henry_n v._o that_o they_o never_o intrude_v the_o crown_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n but_o only_o for_o a_o time_n as_o till_o the_o next_o parliament_n or_o long_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o so_o much_o time_n to_o give_v you_o so_o many_o precedent_n at_o length_n i_o shall_v only_o tell_v you_o that_o as_o to_o the_o main_a instance_n you_o rely_v upon_o viz._n the_o king_n dispense_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o law_n appear_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o 28._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o whereby_o those_o sheriff_n that_o have_v hold_v their_o office_n for_o more_o than_o a_o year_n be_v pardon_v likewise_o in_o the_o act_n of_o edw._n iu._n there_o be_v a_o like_a statute_n pardon_v those_o sheriff_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o late_a trouble_n in_o the_o realm_n have_v hold_v for_o above_o a_o year_n yet_o nevertheless_o confirm_v all_o former_a act_n concern_v sheriff_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o this_o hold_v as_o far_o as_o the_o six_o of_o henry_n viii_o which_o be_v long_o after_o the_o judgement_n you_o mention_v in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n of_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o england_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o there_o be_v then_o a_o act_n make_v which_o recite_v all_o the_o former_a statute_n about_o sheriff_n as_o then_o in_o full_a force_n it_o enact_v that_o the_o sheriff_n and_o under_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n of_o bristol_n may_v continue_v to_o occupy_v their_o office_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o under_o sheriff_n and_o other_o sheriff_n officer_n in_o london_n do_v without_o any_o penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n for_o the_o same_o the_o say_a act_n or_o any_o other_o act_n to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o from_o all_o which_o statute_n i_o think_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o neither_o the_o sheriff_n of_o those_o time_n nor_o the_o city_n of_o bristol_n nor_o the_o whole_a parliament_n when_o that_o act_n be_v make_v do_v believe_v the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o dispense_v with_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o concern_v sheriff_n for_o if_o they_o have_v certain_o it_o have_v be_v much_o easy_a and_o cheap_a for_o they_o to_o have_v obtain_v the_o king_n dispensation_n than_o to_o have_v get_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o m._n i_o believe_v you_o may_v have_v cite_v these_o statute_n right_a enough_o but_o yet_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a proof_n against_o so_o solemn_a a_o opinion_n as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n 2_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o and_o whatever_o the_o parliament_n may_v have_v declare_v in_o the_o case_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a statute_n i_o confess_v carry_v some_o authority_n with_o it_o yet_o ought_v it_o not_o to_o be_v countervale_v by_o so_o solemn_a a_o judgement_n as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o england_n together_o with_o the_o king_n be_v constant_a exercise_n of_o this_o prerogative_n not_o only_o since_o but_o before_o that_o time_n and_o that_o without_o any_o question_n or_o dispute_v with_o the_o parliament_n about_o it_o as_o in_o the_o case_n i_o have_v already_o put_v of_o the_o statute_n that_o forbid_v any_o welshman_n be_v a_o officer_n in_o wales_n to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v divers_a other_o case_n of_o like_a nature_n such_o as_o the_o statute_n against_o a_o judge_n go_v the_o circuit_n in_o his_o own_o country_n as_o also_o those_o statute_n that_o prohibit_v the_o king_n from_o grant_v pardon_n to_o person_n convict_v nay_o condemn_v for_o murder_n with_o several_a other_o penal_a statute_n i_o can_v name_v be_v though_o the_o king_n hand_n be_v tie_v up_o by_o particular_a clause_n of_o nonobstante_a yet_o have_v his_o majesty_n and_o his_o predecessor_n at_o all_o time_n exercise_v their_o prerogative_n of_o dispense_n in_o all_o those_o case_n notwithstanding_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n with_o non-obstantes_a to_o the_o contrary_a and_o though_o i_o grant_v you_o have_v give_v i_o several_a precedent_n of_o the_o parliament_n sometime_o restrain_v the_o king_n in_o this_o exercise_n of_o the_o dispense_v power_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o before_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n the_o vii_o th_n reign_n when_o i_o grant_v the_o law_n first_o begin_v to_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o since_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n be_v the_o only_a rule_n of_o law_n we_o can_v have_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o case_n of_o dispensation_n be_v by_o they_o adjudge_v and_o ever_o since_o settle_v and_o own_a for_o law_n without_o the_o least_o dispute_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n we_o have_v to_o question_v it_o now_o but_o as_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 6_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o which_o you_o urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n to_o the_o contrary_a since_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o vii_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o reach_v the_o point_n in_o question_n for_o the_o act_n you_o now_o cite_v seem_v to_o i_o no_o more_o than_o a_o private_a act_n for_o the_o sheriff_n of_o brestol_n alone_o who_o be_v it_o seem_v afraid_a to_o rely_v upon_o the_o king_n dispensation_n because_o they_o think_v they_o too_o chargeable_a to_o be_v take_v out_o as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v need_n of_o they_o do_v think_v it_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o charge_n and_o trouble_v to_o pass_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o indemnify_v themselves_o which_o i_o grant_v put_v that_o matter_n beyond_o all_o dispute_n but_o since_o this_o act_n of_o henry_n the_o viii_o i_o find_v no_o contest_v between_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n about_o his_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o penal_a law_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o when_o i_o grant_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o do_v address_v to_o his_o majesty_n that_o penal_a statute_n in_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a can_v be_v suspend_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o also_o the_o last_o address_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o 1685._o against_o the_o king_n dispense_n with_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n their_z holding_z employment_n without_o take_v the_o oath_n and_o test_n according_a to_o the_o act_n whereby_o they_o be_v appoint_v but_o these_o be_v only_o against_o the_o king_n power_n of_o dispense_n with_o law_n ecclesiastical_a as_o concern_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n can_v no_o way_n be_v extend_v to_o their_o except_v against_o the_o king_n power_n of_o dispense_n with_o divers_a other_o penal_a law_n i_o will_v not_o say_v all_o which_o have_v non_fw-la obstantes_fw-la in_o they_o f._n since_o i_o see_v not_o only_o your_o opinion_n but_o also_o that_o of_o most_o of_o the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o england_n concern_v this_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n dispensation_n with_o penal_a law_n have_v be_v chief_o if_o not_o only_o found_v upon_o that_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o king_n henry_n vii_o i_o be_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o examine_v the_o validity_n of_o that_o judgement_n for_o if_o that_o can_v be_v prove_v not_o to_o have_v be_v according_a to_o law_n or_o elâ—e_v never_o give_v at_o all_o i_o suppose_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o all_o other_o who_o have_v found_v their_o opinion_n upon_o this_o adjudge_v cause_n of_o hen._n the_o vii_o be_v mistake_v now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o argue_v a_o little_a with_o you_o in_o point_n of_o reason_n 43._o if_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la from_o the_o king_n be_v good_a when_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n a_o nonobstante_a be_v declare_v void_a what_o do_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n signify_v in_o such_o a_o case_n must_v we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o void_a clause_n but_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o put_v in_o do_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o draw_v this_o act_n of_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o as_o also_o those_o act_n concern_v sheriff_n understand_v this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a to_o be_v void_a when_o they_o put_v it_o in_o if_o it_o be_v so_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n why_o do_v the_o king_n pass_v this_o act_n without_o any_o refusal_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o certain_o it_o be_v then_o think_v otherwise_o and_o if_o so_o we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o
suppose_v for_o be_v by_o the_o king_n order_n in_o council_n command_v to_o distribute_v this_o declaration_n to_o their_o inferior_a clergy_n which_o they_o know_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v unlawful_a their_o distribution_n of_o it_o will_v not_o only_o have_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o own_n of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n but_o will_v also_o have_v draw_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n into_o the_o same_o snare_n who_o if_o it_o be_v unlawful_a ought_v not_o to_o have_v publish_v to_o their_o parishioner_n a_o licence_n to_o act_v direct_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n be_v not_o only_o under_o a_o obligation_n of_o that_o dreadful_a charge_n and_o imprecation_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o uniformity_n in_o the_o first_o of_o q._n elizabeth_n 2._o if_o they_o do_v not_o endeavour_v the_o utmost_a execution_n thereof_o through_o all_o their_o diocese_n and_o charge_n but_o be_v also_o press_v upon_o to_o distribute_v it_o contrary_a to_o their_o conscience_n what_o can_v they_o do_v less_o in_o order_n to_o excuse_v themselves_o from_o this_o unlawful_a command_n than_o private_o to_o tell_v the_o k._n the_o reason_n of_o their_o disobedience_n and_o also_o humble_o to_o petition_v he_o not_o far_o to_o insist_v upon_o it_o either_o in_o respect_n of_o themselves_o or_o their_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o you_o know_v that_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o your_o civil-law_n for_o any_o judge_n or_o prator_n rescribere_fw-la principi_fw-la if_o he_o be_v by_o he_o command_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o any_o former_a law_n or_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o but_o yet_o methinks_v the_o bishop_n in_o this_o case_n will_v have_v act_v more_o respective_o and_o discreet_o if_o they_o have_v forbear_v petition_v and_o though_o they_o have_v refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o king_n declaration_n yet_o need_v they_o not_o to_o have_v declare_v against_o it_o till_o the_o parliament_n meet_v when_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v have_v free_o and_o safe_o do_v it_o or_o else_o if_o they_o will_v have_v petition_v at_o all_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v in_o more_o dutiful_a and_o respectful_a term_n than_o by_o tell_v the_o king_n that_o his_o declaration_n be_v illegal_a and_o that_o they_o can_v not_o in_o prudence_n honour_n or_o conscience_n so_o far_o make_v themselves_o party_n to_o it_o as_o to_o distribute_v it_o and_o it_o be_v this_o alone_a which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o seditious_a and_o for_o which_o his_o majesty_n think_v fit_a to_o have_v they_o indict_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o high_a misdemeanour_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v say_v in_o short_a the_o sum_n of_o what_o be_v urge_v against_o they_o by_o the_o king_n council_n at_o their_o trial_n but_o all_o this_o be_v very_o well_o answer_v by_o one_o of_o the_o judge_n themselves_o first_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v too_o late_o to_o have_v stay_v for_o a_o parliament_n because_o the_o declaration_n be_v to_o have_v be_v distribute_v by_o such_o a_o time_n neither_o can_v they_o have_v acquiesâ—d_v under_o it_o and_o submit_v for_o that_o will_v have_v be_v to_o run_v into_o contempt_n of_o the_o king_n command_n unless_o they_o have_v also_o show_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o can_v not_o obey_v he_o and_o since_o this_o can_v be_v do_v no_o other_o way_n than_o by_o address_n or_o petition_n what_o other_o reason_n can_v they_o give_v but_o that_o they_o think_v it_o have_v be_v more_o than_o once_o declare_v illegal_a in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o can_v not_o in_o prudence_n honour_n and_o conscience_n obey_v it_o not_o in_o prudence_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o answer_v it_o in_o parliament_n if_o they_o do_v not_o in_o honour_n because_o it_o be_v unworthy_a the_o character_n of_o bishop_n and_o peer_n to_o act_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v make_v they_o look_v like_o flatterer_n or_o time_n server_n not_o in_o conscience_n because_o of_o the_o imprecation_n they_o lie_v under_o by_o the_o act_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n as_o also_o because_o no_o man_n can_v with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n give_v his_o approbation_n to_o that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o that_o it_o be_v very_o severe_o and_o unjust_o do_v in_o the_o king_n to_o give_v up_o this_o petition_n which_o be_v deliver_v he_o with_o all_o the_o privacy_n imaginable_a to_o the_o privy_a council_n in_o order_n to_o have_v the_o bishop_n prosecute_v for_o it_o but_o which_o make_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o noise_n and_o heart-burn_n against_o his_o government_n to_o commit_v they_o prisoner_n to_o the_o tower_n and_o then_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o trial_n and_o prosecute_v they_o with_o the_o utmost_a rigour_n where_o though_o they_o escape_v punishment_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o thanks_o to_o the_o prosecutor_n but_o to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o judge_n two_o of_o who_o for_o their_o honour_n differ_v from_o the_o late_a lord_n chief-justice_n and_o his_o popish_a companion_n as_o also_o to_o the_o honesty_n of_o the_o jury_n who_o find_v they_o not_o guilty_a m._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o you_o have_v give_v a_o pretty_a fair_a account_n of_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o can_v but_o own_o that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o worst_a advise_a thing_n that_o happen_v under_o the_o king_n government_n but_o i_o can_v impute_v this_o to_o his_o majesty_n innate_a disposition_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o act_v with_o great_a temper_n and_o moderation_n towards_o those_o who_o differ_v from_o he_o in_o judgement_n and_o therefore_o must_v impute_v it_o whole_o to_o the_o wicked_a instigation_n of_o father_n peter_n and_o the_o other_o popish_a minister_n but_o as_o for_o divers_a other_o article_n mention_v in_o the_o convention_n declaration_n such_o as_o the_o issue_v out_o and_o cause_v to_o be_v execute_v a_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n for_o erect_v a_o court_n call_v the_o court_n of_o commission_n for_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o levy_v money_n for_o and_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o pretence_n of_o prerogative_n for_o other_o time_n and_o in_o other_o manner_n than_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o article_n in_o that_o declaration_n relate_v to_o civil_a affair_n since_o they_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o not_o of_o the_o king_n they_o and_o not_o he_o ought_v to_o suffer_v for_o thâ—_n illegality_n of_o they_o since_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v own_a the_o king_n in_o his_o judicial_a capacity_n can_v do_v no_o wrong_n that_o power_n be_v whole_o commit_v to_o his_o judge_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o hardly_o nay_o unjust_o do_v to_o lay_v this_o to_o his_o charge_n which_o he_o be_v not_o to_o answer_v for_o so_o that_o if_o any_o thing_n have_v be_v do_v amiss_o in_o this_o kind_n they_o and_o not_o he_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o 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precedent_n and_o fellow_n of_o magdalen_n college_n and_o that_o prosecution_n that_o be_v late_o order_v against_o all_o those_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o distribute_v or_o read_v the_o king_n declaration_n though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v a_o stop_n put_v to_o this_o upon_o recalling_a this_o commission_n immediate_o before_o the_o prince_n arrival_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o other_o article_n of_o levy_v money_n contrary_n to_o law_n that_o be_v also_o without_o any_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n at_o all_o demand_v about_o it_o for_o the_o illegal_a collection_n of_o chimney_n money_n by_o make_v cottage_n and_o oven_n pay_v that_o be_v exempt_v by_o the_o act_n concern_v it_o and_o also_o the_o illegal_a levy_n of_o excise_n by_o make_v small-beer_n pay_v the_o duty_n of_o strong_a be_v all_o of_o they_o act_v and_o do_v by_o particular_a direction_n from_o the_o treasury_n or_o by_o the_o private_a abuse_n of_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o 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the_o dispense_n power_n and_o other_o illegal_a judgement_n i_o can_v name_v be_v turn_v out_o and_o other_o either_o papist_n or_o of_o less_o conscience_n than_o papist_n be_v put_v in_o their_o place_n which_o be_v not_o confer_v for_o any_o long_a time_n than_o durante_fw-la bene_fw-la placito_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o such_o man_n be_v absolute_a slave_n to_o the_o king_n will_n and_o pleasure_n m._n i_o have_v much_o more_o to_o say_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v raise_v and_o keep_v up_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o his_o disarm_v protestant_n in_o and_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o monmouth_n rebellion_n which_o be_v lay_v to_o his_o charge_n as_o endeavour_n to_o destroy_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v only_o now_o take_v notice_n of_o something_o which_o i_o forget_v to_o insist_v upon_o concern_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o king_n be_v obdicate_v the_o crown_n by_o a_o wilful_a breach_n 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he_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n but_o only_o declarative_a to_o pronounce_v and_o declare_v as_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n that_o by_o endeavour_v to_o extirpate_v the_o protestant_n religion_n and_o to_o subvert_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o have_v wilful_o i_o do_v not_o say_v willing_o abdicate_v the_o government_n that_o be_v renounce_v to_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n any_o long_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o tacit_n or_o imply_v abdication_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o even_o tully_n himself_o allow_v in_o our_o sense_n of_o a_o imply_v abdication_n in_o his_o three_o philippic_n when_o he_o say_v thus_o concern_v mark_n anthony_n that_o for_o his_o offering_n a_o crown_n to_o caesar_n eoâ—die-non_a modo_fw-la consulatu_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la libertate_fw-la se_fw-la abâ—itavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o you_o see_v mark_v anthony_n be_v say_v to_o have_v abdion_v the_o consulship_n without_o any_o express_a renunciation_n of_o it_o for_o caesar_n may_v have_v continue_v he_o in_o it_o after_o he_o have_v be_v declare_v emperor_n m._n i_o grant_v your_o authority_n to_o be_v good_a yet_o even_o in_o this_o sense_n this_o abdication_n of_o the_o consulship_n can_v only_o take_v its_o effect_n from_o anthony_n owâ—_n will_v for_o offer_v a_o crown_n to_o caesar_n if_o he_o do_v not_o express_o yet_o he_o effectual_o renounce_v his_o consulship_n for_o have_v caesar_n accept_v in_o he_o can_v no_o long_o have_v be_v the_o consul_n of_o a_o popular_a state_n but_o must_v thenceforth_o have_v act_v by_o authority_n from_o caesar_n or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o then_o this_o will_v not_o have_v agree_v with_o your_o noâ—on_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n which_o always_o suppose_v a_o crime_n and_o a_o deprive_v the_o party_n
wales_n though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v immediate_o declare_v king_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o edward_n the_o 3_o d._n who_o be_v so_o declare_v upon_o the_o deposition_n or_o resignation_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 2_o d._n f._n though_o i_o grant_v ever_o since_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v claim_v by_o descent_n the_o law_n have_v go_v as_o you_o have_v cite_v it_o and_o that_o finche_n law_n lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o maxim_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o original_n of_o kingly_a government_n whether_o we_o look_v before_o or_o after_o you_o conquest_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o throne_n be_v often_o vacant_a till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v agree_v who_o shall_v fill_v it_o and_o to_o show_v you_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o good_a authority_n pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o maxim_n have_v then_o obtain_v why_o after_o 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notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v allege_v against_o it_o which_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o say_v before_o that_o duke_n robert_n have_v a_o hereditary_a right_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v not_o be_v put_v by_o which_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v this_o right_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o law_n of_o england_n or_o the_o law_n of_o normandy_n not_o by_o the_o two_o former_a as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v for_o your_o conqueror_n himself_o be_v a_o bastard_n have_v no_o better_a title_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n than_o his_o father_n last_o will_n before_o he_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n which_o be_v not_o good_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o duchy_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o great_a objection_n you_o have_v to_o make_v against_o king_n henry_n be_v elect_v in_o a_o true_a common-council_n of_o 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competebat_fw-la temere_fw-la usurpando_fw-la injustè_fw-fr nimis_fw-la abstulcrat_fw-mi yet_o this_o author_n write_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o who_o have_v succeed_v his_o father_n by_o a_o pretend_a right_n of_o inheritance_n as_o well_o as_o election_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o who_o write_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o this_o transaction_n shall_v give_v his_o judgement_n in_o this_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n and_o prejudice_n of_o that_o age_n and_o must_v certain_o speak_v by_o guess_n for_o how_o can_v he_o otherwise_o affirm_v unless_o he_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o that_o king_n thought_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o he_o feel_v conscientiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o obtentu_fw-la regni_fw-la cauteriatam_fw-la since_o no_o other_o writer_n either_o of_o that_o time_n or_o after_o it_o do_v thus_o blame_v king_n henry_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n but_o as_o for_o the_o 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the_o throne_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v agree_v who_o to_o place_v therein_o m._n as_o to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o carry_v less_o show_n of_o reason_n than_o what_o you_o urge_v in_o the_o former_a case_n since_o all_o writer_n agree_v that_o this_o be_v a_o manifest_a usurpation_n in_o stephen_n who_o can_v pretend_v no_o sort_n of_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n himself_o as_o well_o as_o perjury_n in_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n who_o have_v swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n henry_n daughter_n maud_n in_o his_o life-time_n make_v stephen_n earl_n of_o blois_n their_o king_n therefore_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n and_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n do_v accuse_v stephen_n of_o downright_a perjury_n and_o usurpation_n and_o likewise_o relate_v that_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n through_o the_o power_n of_o the_o londoner_n and_o citizen_n of_o winchester_n but_o yet_o all_o these_o endeavour_n have_v be_v in_o vain_a unless_o he_o have_v be_v assist_v by_o his_o brother_n henry_n bishop_n of_o that_o city_n and_o then_o the_o pope_n legate_n in_o england_n and_o favour_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o crown_v he_o and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a faction_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n who_o be_v for_o his_o croonation_n for_o w._n malmsbury_n tell_v we_o coronatus_n est_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la stephanus_n 178._o tribus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la nullis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la paucissimis_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o this_o that_o be_v head_v by_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o empress_n base_a brother_n they_o raise_v a_o war_n against_o stephen_n which_o after_o her_o come_n over_o hither_o be_v
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o 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that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o 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be_v a_o man_n and_o better_o acquaint_v with_o england_n and_o have_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o most_o of_o the_o great_a man_n be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o hoveden_n who_o be_v alive_a at_o this_o time_n speak_v not_o a_o word_n of_o his_o be_v elect_v but_o only_o that_o upon_o his_o come_n into_o england_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o crown_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n there_o of_o any_o election_n by_o but_o only_o a_o submission_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a to_o king_n john_n and_o a_o recognition_n that_o he_o be_v their_o king_n nor_o indeed_o can_v he_o need_v it_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o king_n richard_n despared_a of_o life_n 449._o he_o devise_v to_o john_n his_o brother_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o all_o his_o other_o land_n and_o cause_v all_o 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wendover_n from_o who_o he_o take_v most_o of_o his_o history_n but_o that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o archbishop_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o our_o king_n if_o mean_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a understanding_n of_o it_o be_v then_o new_a gervase_n a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 1122._o who_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o coronation_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_z it_o be_v manifest_a and_o know_v almost_o to_o all_o man_n that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v only_o oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o god_n for_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n for_o their_o coronation_n 30._o manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la fire_n notum_fw-la reges_fw-la angliae_fw-la soli_fw-la deo_fw-la obligari_fw-la &_o teneri_fw-la ex_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regni_fw-la adeptione_n &_o ecclesiae_fw-la cantuariensi_fw-la ex_fw-la coronatione_fw-la but_o that_o king_n john_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o usurper_n be_v very_o certain_a since_o beside_o some_o of_o the_o honest_a english_a nobility_n that_o take_v duke_n arthur_n part_n the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v also_o make_v war_n upon_o king_n john_n upon_o his_o nephew_n account_n because_o he_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o true_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o when_o k._n john_n have_v private_o make_v away_o his_o say_a nephew_n in_o prison_n the_o k._n of_o france_n summon_v he_o as_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o peer_n of_o france_n to_o answer_v for_o the_o murder_n in_o a_o assembly_n of_o the_o peer_n of_o france_n at_o paris_n where_o for_o his_o refuse_v to_o appear_v he_o be_v condemn_v to_o death_n and_o his_o dukedom_n of_o normandy_n declare_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v say_v as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v to_o prove_v that_o king_n john_n have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n nor_o be_v so_o solemn_o elect_v to_o it_o as_o matthew_n paris_n relate_v but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o just_o oppose_v all_o that_o you_o have_v now_o say_v upon_o this_o head_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v then_o very_o much_o dispute_v as_o it_o have_v be_v also_o since_o that_o time_n if_o a_o elder_a brother_n die_v and_o leave_v a_o son_n a_o mâ—nor_n whether_o his_o young_a brother_n or_o the_o son_n shall_v succeed_v for_o though_o the_o people_n of_o anjou_n and_o those_o of_o guienne_n own_a duke_n arthur_n for_o their_o prince_n yet_o the_o state_n of_o normandy_n be_v of_o another_o mind_n and_o as_o well_o by_o virtue_n of_o king_n richard_n testament_n he_o be_v immediate_o after_o his_o death_n invest_v with_o that_o dukedom_n nor_o be_v he_o then_o at_o all_o oppose_v in_o it_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n though_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o as_o for_o england_n beside_o his_o brother_n testament_n whereby_o he_o leave_v he_o heir_n of_o all_o his_o territory_n it_o be_v also_o then_o general_o 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crown_n yet_o the_o pretend_a hereditary_a right_n of_o blood_n be_v the_o main_a ground_n of_o his_o establishment_n but_o as_o for_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o though_o he_o can_v claim_v the_o crown_n by_o no_o true_a right_n of_o inheritance_n yet_o will_v he_o never_o own_v it_o to_o be_v a_o election_n by_o parliament_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o king_n richard_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o bosworth_n the_o lord_n stanley_n put_v his_o crown_n upon_o henry_n head_n who_o immediate_o still_v himself_o king_n seven_o as_o well_o by_o right_a of_o conquest_n as_o by_o be_v sole_a heir_n male_a of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n he_o as_o such_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v king_n and_o though_o he_o afterward_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o he_o procure_v his_o title_n to_o be_v recognise_v 7._o yet_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n very_o well_o observe_v he_o be_v afraid_a to_o take_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o only_a true_a title_n in_o right_a of_o the_o lady_n 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concern_v the_o succession_n at_o that_o time_n and_o likewise_o that_o by_o bastardize_n his_o brother_n the_o late_a king_n issue_n without_o due_a course_n of_o law_n and_o by_o attaint_v the_o blood_n of_o his_o other_o brother_n the_o duke_n of_o clarence_n he_o will_v have_v make_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o he_o be_v lawful_a heir_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n yet_o you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o for_o all_o this_o he_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o title_n that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a his_o right_n by_o blood_n be_v declare_v in_o the_o first_o place_n in_o that_o act_n of_o recognition_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o will_v not_o rely_v upon_o that_o alone_a and_o therefore_o you_o see_v the_o parliament_n there_o also_o insist_o upon_o his_o right_n by_o election_n and_o coronation_n which_o they_o will_v never_o have_v do_v have_v it_o not_o be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o for_o good_a law_n that_o whoever_o be_v crown_v king_n and_o call_v a_o parliament_n and_o have_v his_o title_n therein_o recognize_v and_o confirm_v be_v thenceforth_o true_a and_o lawful_a king_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n therefore_o though_o you_o have_v omit_v it_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v you_o what_o this_o statute_n also_o far_a declare_v for_o after_o they_o have_v declare_v the_o say_v king_n title_n as_o ground_v upon_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o laudable_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o be_v learn_v in_o they_o they_o proceed_v thus_o yet_o nevertheless_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v not_o sufficient_o learn_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a law_n and_o custom_n whereby_o truth_n and_o right_n in_o his_o behalf_n of_o likelihood_n may_v be_v have_v and_o not_o clear_o know_v to_o all_o people_n and_o thereupon_o put_v in_o doubt_n and_o question_n and_o over_o this_o how_o that_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n be_v of_o such_o authority_n that_o a_o declaration_n make_v by_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o make_v before_o all_o other_o thing_n most_o faithful_a and_o certain_a quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o remove_v the_o occasion_n of_o doubt_n and_o seditious_a language_n therefore_o they_o also_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v the_o undoubted_a king_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o law_n suppose_v that_o the_o subject_n in_o general_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o understand_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n upon_o which_o the_o title_n of_o our_o king_n depend_v and_o that_o the_o best_a satisfaction_n that_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n can_v possible_o have_v in_o those_o high_a matter_n be_v to_o rest_v on_o the_o judgement_n and_o determination_n of_o the_o kingdom_n declare_v by_o act_n and_o authority_n of_o parliament_n and_o therein_o to_o acquiesce_v for_o the_o prevent_a sedition_n so_o much_o as_o in_o language_n therefore_o what_o i_o say_v before_o in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n stephen_n be_v also_o true_a in_o this_o quod_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la debuit_fw-la factum_fw-la valet_fw-la and_o all_o the_o act_n make_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n richard_n though_o â—_o horrid_a usurper_n be_v never_o repeal_v but_o stand_v good_a at_o this_o day_n as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o this_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v also_o true_a but_o as_o for_o his_o title_n to_o it_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n that_o be_v certain_o false_a for_o his_o mother_n the_o countess_n of_o richmond_n be_v then_o alive_a by_o who_o he_o claim_v the_o crown_n and_o live_v divers_a year_n after_o he_o be_v king_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n that_o he_o claim_v the_o crown_n in_o parliament_n vii_o tam_fw-la per_fw-la justum_fw-la titulum_fw-la haereditantiae_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la verum_fw-la dei_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_fw-la tribuendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la victoriam_fw-la de_fw-la inimico_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it though_o the_o latter_a of_o these_o title_n may_v be_v true_a viz._n the_o conquest_n of_o king_n richard_n especial_o when_o once_o he_o be_v confirm_v and_o recognize_v in_o parliament_n yet_o that_o the_o former_a can_v not_o be_v so_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v so_o that_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o this_o best_a title_n be_v neither_o by_o inheritance_n nor_o marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n but_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o unprint_v statute_n itself_o still_o upon_o the_o roll_n which_o since_o you_o do_v not_o repeat_v d._n i_o will_v the_o title_n be_v titulus_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o it_o run_v in_o these_o word_n to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o almighty_n god_n the_o wealth_n prosperity_n and_o surety_n of_o 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room_n of_o his_o suppose_a father_n who_o we_o will_v also_o suppose_v civil_o though_o not_o natural_o dead_a and_o till_o this_o be_v do_v unless_o you_o will_v have_v have_v he_o be_v declare_v king_n without_o ever_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n the_o throne_n must_v have_v continue_v vacant_a till_o it_o can_v be_v decide_v whether_o he_o or_o his_o half_a sister_n the_o princess_n of_o orange_n be_v to_o fill_v it_o and_o if_o so_o whilst_o the_o convention_n remain_v in_o this_o suspense_n they_o can_v do_v no_o other_o than_o vote_n the_o throne_n vacant_a till_o they_o be_v sufficient_o satisfy_v who_o have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o it_o but_o to_o answer_v your_o argument_n that_o unless_o something_o can_v have_v be_v present_o allege_v against_o this_o infant_n to_o have_v prove_v he_o not_o to_o have_v be_v bear_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v declare_v king_n the_o maxim_n you_o mention_n may_v be_v well_o allow_v 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of_o the_o queen_n be_v with_o child_n and_o her_o be_v true_o deliver_v of_o this_o prince_n before_o ever_o they_o have_v declare_v the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n king_n and_o queen_n and_o till_o this_o have_v be_v do_v certain_o the_o throne_n shall_v have_v still_o continue_v vacant_a therefore_o i_o doubt_v your_o convention_n have_v make_v more_o haste_n than_o good_a speed_n in_o this_o matter_n which_o certain_o require_v much_o more_o deliberation_n f._n come_v i_o will_v for_o once_o admit_v that_o they_o ought_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o have_v examine_v your_o prince_n title_n but_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o they_o to_o do_v it_o as_o it_o ought_v now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o this_o can_v be_v do_v when_o the_o infant_n be_v not_o only_o carry_v away_o into_o a_o foreign_a kingdom_n but_o also_o the_o midwife_n the_o nurse_n and_o several_a other_o of_o the_o queen_n near_o servant_n and_o 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the_o convention_n in_o declare_v himself_o to_o have_v abdicate_v the_o throne_n as_o also_o that_o they_o may_v place_v his_o son_n therein_o so_o that_o any_o such_o summons_n will_v certain_o have_v be_v only_o reject_v with_o scorn_n and_o we_o shall_v gain_v nothing_o but_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o time_n and_o hinder_v our_o present_a settlement_n and_o defence_n a_o whole_a summer_n nor_o be_v the_o convention_n oblige_v to_o do_v it_o since_o the_o parliament_n itself_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o any_o person_n or_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o their_o business_n to_o inquire_v without_o it_o have_v be_v bring_v before_o they_o what_o be_v become_v of_o this_o infant_n whether_o he_o be_v legitimate_a or_o not_o or_o whether_o he_o be_v alive_a or_o else_o have_v be_v cast_v away_o at_o sea_n or_o take_v by_o pirate_n any_o of_o which_o 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as_o we_o read_v chancellor_n fortescue_n do_v prince_n henry_n son_n to_z henry_n the_o vith_o and_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v come_v over_o again_o to_o practice_v they_o in_o his_o own_o country_n before_o he_o come_v to_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o arbitrary_a principle_n of_o the_o french_a government_n proem_n but_o as_o for_o those_o of_o not_o keep_v faith_n with_o heretic_n and_o a_o propagate_a his_o religion_n by_o persecution_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o king_n his_o father_n will_v take_v care_n not_o to_o commit_v his_o education_n to_o any_o of_o those_o who_o be_v infect_v with_o such_o principle_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v it_o because_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o his_o majesty_n tenderness_n and_o moderation_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o not_o persecute_v any_o body_n for_o the_o belief_n or_o bare_a profession_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o his_o late_a declaration_n of_o indulgence_n so_o it_o be_v 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the_o turk_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v save_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o for_o be_v a_o papist_n but_o only_o as_o far_o as_o he_o practise_v christ_n precept_n and_o trust_v in_o his_o merit_n that_o he_o can_v ever_o obtain_v that_o favour_n from_o god_n but_o as_o for_o those_o evil_a principle_n both_o in_o religion_n and_o civil_a government_n which_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o be_v now_o common_o believe_v and_o practise_v in_o france_n and_o which_o you_o hope_v king_n james_n will_v take_v care_n that_o the_o prince_n his_o son_n shall_v be_v breed_v to_o avoid_v i_o wish_v it_o may_v prove_v as_o you_o say_v but_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v the_o man_n that_o be_v like_a to_o be_v his_o tutor_n and_o instructor_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n viz._n his_o father_n and_o mother_n confessor_n the_o jesuit_n and_o for_o civil_a government_n those_o popish_a lord_n and_o 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they_o be_v pure_o out_o of_o consideration_n of_o tender_a conscience_n and_o not_o rather_o thereby_o to_o destroy_v the_o church_n of_o england_n establish_v by_o law_n since_o the_o dispute_n begin_v between_o king_n james_n and_o his_o parliament_n be_v not_o about_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n but_o those_o office_n and_o command_n which_o the_o king_n be_v resolve_v to_o bestow_v upon_o the_o papist_n whether_o the_o parliament_n will_v or_o not_o and_o certain_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o liberty_n for_o a_o man_n to_o enjoy_v the_o free_a profession_n of_o his_o own_o religion_n and_o the_o power_n and_o benefit_n of_o have_v all_o the_o chief_a employment_n of_o honour_n and_o profit_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o that_o the_o indulgence_n of_o popish_a prince_n towards_o those_o that_o dissent_n from_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n may_v not_o always_o proceed_v from_o pure_a tenderness_n and_o compassion_n appear_v from_o a_o manuscript_n treatise_n of_o f._n parson_n that_o great_a jesuit_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n which_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v be_v find_v in_o king_n james_n closet_n after_o his_o departure_n this_o if_o you_o can_v see_v it_o will_v show_v you_o that_o the_o subtle_a jesuit_n do_v there_o direct_v his_o popish_a successor_n in_o order_n to_o the_o more_o quiet_a introduce_v the_o romish-catholick_n religion_n to_o grant_v a_o general_a toleration_n of_o all_o religion_n out_o of_o a_o like_a design_n thus_o do_v julian_n the_o apostare_v long_o ago_o tolerate_v all_o the_o sect_n and_o heresy_n in_o the_o christian_a religion_n because_o he_o thereby_o hope_v utter_o to_o confound_v and_o destroy_v it_o but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o allege_v concern_v magna_n charta_n be_v grant_v by_o popish_a prince_n and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v many_o good_a king_n of_o that_o persuasion_n as_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o 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a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v make_v indefinite_o without_o fix_v it_o to_o any_o time_n or_o person_n the_o word_n in_o the_o act_n be_v the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v which_o must_v certain_o extend_v to_o any_o other_o king_n as_o well_o as_o henry_n the_o viith_o for_o i_o suppose_v that_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o a_o deed_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o a_o unnecessary_a clause_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n render_v the_o whole_a void_a but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v in_o relation_n to_o this_o act_n be_v a_o security_n for_o the_o title_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o child_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o rather_o serve_v to_o strengthen_v the_o act_n than_o otherwise_o for_o if_o this_o king_n have_v a_o good_a title_n in_o her_o right_n than_o it_o may_v be_v also_o very_a well_o suppose_v that_o she_o give_v her_o assent_n to_o this_o act_n in_o the_o person_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o that_o not_o for_o 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of_o a_o prevail_a force_n whilst_o the_o subject_n be_v under_o such_o force_n viz._n where_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o the_o endeavour_n of_o exercise_v it_o can_v be_v effectual_o serviceable_a to_o restore_v the_o sovereign_a power_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n for_o the_o establishment_n of_o that_o public_a justice_n and_o peace_n wherein_o the_o happiness_n of_o commonwealth_n consist_v yet_o no_o outward_a force_n can_v so_o absolute_o take_v it_o away_o or_o remove_v it_o but_o that_o still_o it_o remain_v virtual_o in_o the_o subject_a and_o oblige_v to_o a_o vigorous_a endeavour_n whenever_o the_o force_n that_o hinder_v it_o be_v over_o &_o to_o the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o it_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o of_o right_n it_o be_v due_a and_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o common_a good_a thereby_o upon_o all_o fit_a occasion_n three_o that_o no_o subject_n of_o england_n that_o either_o have_v by_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n or_o allegiance_n acknowledge_v or_o that_o not_o have_v take_v either_o oath_n yet_o otherwise_o know_v or_o believe_v that_o the_o true_a sovereign_a power_n in_o england_n to_o who_o natural_a allegiance_n be_v due_a be_v the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n can_v without_o sin_v against_o his_o conscience_n take_v any_o new_a oath_n or_o do_v any_o other_o act_n whereby_o to_o transfer_v his_o allegiance_n from_o the_o king_n or_o his_o heir_n to_o any_o other_o party_n who_o have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o and_o thereby_o put_v himself_o into_o a_o incapacity_n of_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o his_o bind_a allegiance_n to_o his_o lawful_a sovereign_n when_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o serviceable_a to_o he_o this_o be_v the_o express_a opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a bishop_n sanderson_n in_o his_o case_n of_o conscience_n concern_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v the_o engagement_n which_o though_o he_o do_v not_o think_v absolute_o unlawful_a because_o it_o may_v be_v interpret_v in_o a_o dubious_a and_o qualify_a sense_n without_o abjure_v the_o king_n lawful_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o can_v this_o new_a oath_n be_v take_v in_o the_o like_o doubtful_a sense_n because_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n in_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n will_v be_v indeed_o a_o transfer_v of_o our_o allegiance_n from_o our_o lawful_a prince_n to_o other_o which_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a f._n i_o be_o somewhat_o please_v to_o see_v you_o be_v so_o far_o come_v off_o from_o your_o bigotry_n as_o not_o to_o think_v yourself_o bind_v to_o assist_v for_o the_o restore_a king_n james_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v no_o otherwise_o to_o be_v do_v but_o by_o the_o evident_a destruction_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n but_o yet_o you_o say_v you_o can_v take_v the_o oath_n because_o it_o be_v bishop_n sanderson_n opinion_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o our_o best_a lawyer_n that_o allegiance_n be_v perpetual_a and_o untransferrable_a to_o another_o whilst_o the_o king_n or_o his_o heir_n be_v in_o be_v which_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o speak_v as_o a_o lawyer_n since_o it_o may_v well_o be_v prove_v from_o this_o statute_n as_o from_o the_o constant_a practice_n before_o that_o time_n that_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o but_o to_o speak_v of_o this_o matter_n either_o as_o a_o civilian_n or_o a_o divine_a i_o think_v we_o be_v free_v from_o the_o former_a oath_n both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n of_o god_n for_o as_o for_o natural_a allegiance_n by_o which_o you_o suppose_v a_o man_n be_v indispensable_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n in_o who_o territory_n he_o be_v bear_v and_o that_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v i_o can_v by_o â—o_o mean_v understand_v that_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o country_n make_v one_o a_o subject_a for_o all_o his_o life_n to_o the_o government_n of_o that_o country_n or_o why_o be_v when_o bear_v in_o a_o country_n it_z shall_v make_v one_o become_v a_o subject_a more_o than_o be_v in_o the_o same_o country_n at_o another_o time_n 49._o beside_o common_a experience_n show_v this_o to_o be_v false_a because_o whoever_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o country_n where_o his_o parent_n be_v foreigner_n may_v as_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o all_o leave_v that_o country_n when_o he_o please_v but_o perhaps_o iâ—_n may_v be_v say_v he_o be_v a_o subject_a to_o that_o prince_n where_o his_o parent_n be_v bear_v but_o what_o if_o they_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o same_o circumstance_n or_o suppose_v his_o parent_n be_v of_o different_a country_n as_o if_o a_o dutch_a woman_n and_o a_o english_a man_n have_v a_o child_n in_o france_n since_o france_n do_v not_o pretend_v to_o he_o which_o of_o the_o nation_n can_v claim_v he_o for_o their_o subject_n or_o must_v he_o be_v divide_v so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o at_o all_o in_o this_o notion_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n that_o can_v oblige_v any_o body_n in_o conscience_n to_o observe_v it_o m._n if_o then_o natural_a allegiance_n signify_v nothing_o pâ—â—y_v tell_v i_o be_v no_o body_n oblige_v to_o obey_v the_o king_n or_o not_o to_o plot_v against_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o contrary_a this_o will_v make_v mad_a work_n indeed_o and_o upon_o these_o principle_n no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v the_o king_n or_o his_o law_n and_o not_o to_o conspire_v against_o his_o person_n or_o government_n until_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n so_o that_o three_o part_n of_o four_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v absolute_o free_a from_o this_o great_a duty_n f._n no_o sir_n you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v since_o i_o think_v i_o can_v found_v allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o government_n upon_o a_o much_o firm_a foundation_n than_o that_o of_o be_v bear_v his_o subject_n that_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o suppose_v that_o our_o obligation_n commence_v from_o our_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n that_o though_o i_o think_v it_o may_v serve_v to_o enforce_v our_o former_a obligation_n to_o our_o king_n and_o country_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o super-induce_a any_o new_a obligation_n thereunto_o for_o indeed_o our_o obligation_n to_o any_o particular_a government_n may_v be_v make_v out_o from_o much_o sure_a principle_n viz._n that_o every_o person_n though_o he_o be_v bear_v free_a yet_o be_v he_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o his_o own_o safety_n oblige_v to_o part_n with_o his_o liberty_n and_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o government_n 49._o nor_o can_v he_o be_v
no_o reason_n since_o they_o be_v only_o declarative_a and_o persuant_n to_o the_o late_a act_n of_o the_o convention_n whereby_o after_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v declare_v that_o they_o be_v and_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n our_o sovereign_a liege_n lord_n and_o lady_n and_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n m._n well_o it_o be_v late_o and_o beside_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o argue_v this_o point_n any_o long_o since_o it_o concern_v not_o i_o nor_o any_o of_o my_o principle_n what_o new_a oath_n you_o make_v and_o impose_v upon_o those_o who_o conscience_n will_v never_o permit_v we_o to_o take_v they_o what_o i_o have_v say_v be_v only_o to_o show_v you_o the_o folly_n and_o weakness_n of_o such_o oath_n and_o consequent_o that_o they_o can_v be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o no_o other_o end_n then_o a_o renewal_a and_o aggravation_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o perjury_n among_o we_o which_o god_n forgive_v this_o sinful_a nation_n among_o the_o many_o cry_a sin_n it_o now_o grow_v under_o yet_o give_v i_o leave_v still_o to_o mind_v you_o that_o you_o have_v not_o give_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o have_v make_v concern_v the_o schism_n that_o be_v like_a to_o follow_v from_o the_o deprive_v of_o all_o such_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o take_v the_o new_a oath_n by_o such_o a_o time_n which_o deprivation_n be_v uncanonical_o ordain_v by_o the_o mere_a lie_v power_n of_o the_o convention_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o convocation_n or_o synod_n such_o proceed_n be_v sufficient_a cause_n for_o all_o of_o our_o way_n to_o break_v off_o all_o church_n communion_n with_o you_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o those_o other_o bishop_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v deprive_v and_o new_a one_o put_v in_o their_o place_n since_o all_o church_n communion_n whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o lawfullness_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a pastor_n of_o our_o church_n f._n i_o forget_v to_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o this_o because_o i_o say_v so_o much_o to_o answer_v concern_v the_o new_a oath_n i_o propose_v as_o sit_v to_o take_v by_o those_o in_o place_n of_o trust_n but_o since_o you_o desire_v it_o i_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o though_o not_o so_o large_a as_o i_o can_v speak_v upon_o this_o subject_a first_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v altogether_o a_o new_a notion_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v the_o same_o power_n with_o person_n in_o the_o church_n as_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n have_v among_o the_o jew_n therefore_o you_o must_v either_o depart_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o this_o canon_n or_o else_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n who_o be_v certain_o as_o much_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n be_v to_o that_o of_o the_o jew_n may_v as_o well_o deprive_v the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n for_o example_n for_o treason_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o government_n as_o solomon_n do_v abiathar_n for_o anoint_v his_o brother_n adonijah_n king_n and_o beside_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o many_o example_n of_o the_o like_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o roman_a and_o greek_a emperor_n in_o deprive_v and_o banish_v not_o only_a bishop_n but_o patriarch_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o state_n without_o any_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n of_o a_o synod_n or_o general_a council_n of_o other_o bishop_n if_o your_o doctrine_n be_v true_a the_o poor_a greek_a church_n will_v be_v in_o a_o sad_a condition_n and_o all_o her_o member_n in_o a_o perpetual_a schism_n for_o some_o age_n past_a that_o there_o have_v be_v scarce_o any_o canonical_a election_n or_o deprivation_n of_o the_o patriarch_n of_o any_o of_o the_o great_a seat_n viz._n constantinople_n antioch_n and_o alexandria_n but_o they_o be_v all_o nominate_v and_o put_v in_o and_o out_o at_o the_o grand_a signor_n nay_o vizier_n will_v and_o pleasure_n as_o any_o man_n who_o will_v but_o peâ—uâ—e_v sr._n paul_n rycaut_n account_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n may_v easy_o see_v but_o indeed_o you_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n for_o want_n of_o consider_v the_o original_n of_o bishoprics_a in_o england_n and_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o this_o intend_a deprivation_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o episcopacy_n be_v settle_v in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n yet_o all_o the_o sea_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o and_o such_o diocese_n have_v be_v whole_o owe_a to_o the_o bounty_n of_o our_o king_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n bull_n and_o since_o the_o reformation_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n as_o be_v all_o the_o bishoprics_a erect_v in_o henry_n the_o viii_o this_o reign_v so_o that_o let_v the_o bishop_n mere_a spiritual_a power_n of_o ordain_v excommunicate_v etc._n etc._n be_v derive_v immediate_o from_o christ_n if_o you_o please_v yet_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o as_o limit_v and_o appoint_v to_o this_o or_o that_o precint_n or_o see_v be_v as_o mere_a a_o temporal_a institution_n as_o that_o of_o parish_n which_o be_v not_o introduce_v till_o long_o after_o christianity_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o island_n so_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n for_o example_n be_v a_o civil_a institution_n it_o have_v ancient_o belong_v to_o supreme_a power_n not_o only_o to_o confer_v this_o power_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o ancient_a investiture_n of_o our_o bishop_n per_fw-la baculum_fw-la &_o annulum_fw-la but_o also_o to_o take_v it_o away_o for_o treason_n or_o disobedience_n against_o the_o state_n since_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n do_v not_o pretend_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o spiritual_a character_n or_o episcopal_a order_n but_o only_o of_o their_o right_n to_o exercise_v it_o within_o such_o see_v or_o diocese_n thus_o although_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o wichester_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n be_v deprive_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o 1_o o_o the_o of_o elizabeth_n for_o not_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n never_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o degrade_v those_o bishop_n of_o their_o episcopal_a order_n but_o only_o to_o forbid_v their_o act_n as_o bishop_n in_o their_o former_a respective_a diocese_n and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o depriviation_n those_o bishop_n may_v if_o they_o have_v please_v have_v ordain_v priest_n and_o confirm_v child_n and_o that_o such_o ordination_n and_o confirmation_n will_v be_v good_a even_o in_o our_o protestant_a church_n if_o such_o priest_n or_o child_n have_v afterward_o turn_v protestant_n since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n own_v the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v valid_a which_o be_v more_o than_o we_o do_v for_o the_o ordination_n of_o mere_a presbyter_n come_v from_o those_o protestant_a country_n where_o there_o be_v no_o bishop_n at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o their_o confirmation_n too_o but_o pray_v sir_n consider_v how_o upon_o your_o principle_n this_o schism_n can_v be_v so_o universal_a as_o to_o influence_n and_o involve_v all_o england_n in_o it_o for_o if_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o york_n for_o example_n will_v rather_o take_v this_o oath_n then_o suffer_v deprivation_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o mind_n as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v they_o will_v pray_v tell_v i_o how_o the_o people_n of_o that_o province_n be_v a_o distinct_a church_n or_o body_n ecclesiastical_a from_o that_o of_o canterbury_n as_o to_z all_o spiritual_a matter_n as_o have_v a_o distinct_a convocation_n of_o their_o own_o can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o schism_n by_o the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n and_o pray_v also_o tell_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n how_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o two_o university_n can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o intend_a schism_n since_o they_o owe_v no_o canonical_a obedience_n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n or_o york_n nor_o to_o any_o other_o bishop_n but_o only_o to_o their_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n as_o his_o deputy_n who_o exercise_n all_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o say_a university_n and_o therefore_o their_o church_n
p._n 539.540_o king_n how_o far_o god_n lieutenant_n d._n 9_o p._n 663._o w._n his_o authority_n be_v different_a from_o his_o personal_a will_n and_o command_n ib._n p._n 645._o to_o 648._o his_o person_n how_o far_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a ibid._n p._n 638.651_o to_o 657._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o case_n resistible_a notwithstanding_o the_o declaration_n of_o of_o the_o two_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 655._o w._n he_o have_v any_o authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n ib._n p._n 644_o to_o 649._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o good_a in_o law_n ib._n p._n 640._o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n w._n endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n d._n 5._o p._n 338_o to_o 345._o d._n 9_o p._n 650_o 651._o have_v no_o peer_n or_o equal_a in_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 354._o his_o presence_n w._n it_o will_v authorise_v all_o illegal_a action_n so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o irresistible_a d._n 9_o p._n 653_o 654._o his_o officer_n in_o what_o case_n resistible_a ib._n the_o king_n be_v irresistible_a how_o far_o different_a from_o be_v unaccountable_a d._n 9_o p._n 644_o 645._o king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a and_o unaccountable_a or_o w._n limit_v by_o law_n d._n 10._o p._n 693_o to_o 698._o most_o high_a in_o their_o state-royal_a when_o they_o appear_v in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n d._n 9_o p._n 643._o the_o first_o eight_o king_n after_o the_o conquest_n never_o be_v so_o style_v till_o after_o their_o coronation_n d._n 12._o p._n 840._o to_o 858.895_o king_n though_o he_o have_v no_o peer_n yet_o he_o have_v ancient_o comites_fw-la or_o companion_n d._n 5._o p._n 364_o 365._o w._n he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n by_o the_o wilful_a violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a law_n d._n 10._o p._n 694_o to_o 709._o d._n 11._o p._n 832_o 833._o kingly_a power_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n in_o this_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v w._n within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o whether_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o he_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o 940._o what_o constitute_v a_o legal_a king_n in_o england_n d._n 12._o p._n 889_o 890._o kingdom_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n w._n when_o give_v by_o god_n appointment_n it_o give_v the_o issue_n of_o that_o king_n a_o like_a divine_a right_o to_o succeed_v d._n 2._o p._n 99_o 100_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a and_o hereditary_a their_o difference_n ib._n 84_o 85._o knight_n of_o shire_n frequent_o style_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n in_o ancient_a record_n d._n 6._o p._n 424._o vid._n append._n w._n they_o be_v ancient_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o none_o other_o p._n 425._o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n w._n the_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o they_o that_o can_v be_v find_v be_v the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 519._o w._n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o they_o be_v summon_v ibid._n p._n 525_o to_o 530._o w._n they_o be_v summon_v no_o more_o till_o the_o eighteen_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o ibid._n p._n 522._o to_o the_o end_n d._n 8._o p._n 559._o to_o 563._o p._n 571_o to_o 576._o l_o lancaster_n w._n that_o family_n pretend_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n claim_v by_o inheritance_n d._n 12._o p._n 861_o 862._o law_n how_o far_o they_o oblige_v prince_n according_a to_o sir_n r._n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 120_o 121._o law_n imperial_a of_o all_o goâ—vernments_n w._n they_o require_v a_o passive_a obedience_n or_o nonresistance_n in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o d._n 3._o p._n 149.154_o law_n of_o nation_n w._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 26_o to_o 31._o law_n of_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o title_n to_o most_o of_o they_o d._n 5._o p._n 314._o to_o 319._o law_n of_o normandy_n w._n the_o same_o in_o most_o thing_n with_o those_o of_o england_n d._n 10._o p._n 752.753_o law_n fundamental_a of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o where_o to_o be_v find_v d._n 9_o p._n 666._o to_o 669._o d._n 10._o p._n 704._o d._n 11._o p._n 810._o to_o 814._o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n concern_v the_o king_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o if_o he_o prove_v a_o tyrant_n and_o w._n it_o be_v genuine_a or_o not_o d._n 10._o p._n 705._o to_o 712._o private_a league_n with_o france_n what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o and_o against_o its_o reality_n d._n 11._o p._n 800._o to_o 802._o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 6._o p._n 419.426_o to_o 431._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o choose_v by_o military_a service_n to_o they_o d._n 7._o p._n 449._o to_o 453.514_o m_o magna_n charta_n w._n obtain_v by_o rebellion_n d._n 3._o p._n 186._o magnates_n w._n the_o commons_o be_v not_o sometime_o comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 372.396_o 397._o queen_n marry_o w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n save_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o d._n 12._o p._n 872._o our_o present_a queen_n mary_n w._n she_o have_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v upon_o her_o father_n abdication_n ib._n p._n 853._o 884._o maud_n the_o empress_n why_o she_o never_o style_v herself_o queen_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o fealty_n have_v be_v swear_v to_o she_o d._n 12._o p._n 846._o several_a maxim_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n consider_v and_o explain_v d._n 1._o p._n 17_o 18_o 21.30_o the_o ancient_a member_n of_o the_o german_a diet_n or_o great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 375._o the_o milites_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v d._n 6._o p._n 431_o 432._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o any_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a or_o socage_n service_n d._n 7._o p._n 481.489_o 490._o mischief_n that_o may_v befall_v a_o people_n from_o their_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n consider_v d._n 3._o p._n 184._o to_o 189._o monarchy_n w._n of_o divine_a right_n from_o any_o precept_n or_o example_n in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a testament_n d._n 2._o p._n 130_o 131._o or_o from_o adam_n patriarchical_a power_n d._n 1._o p._n 19_o to_o 26._o monarchy_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v most_o tyrannical_a d._n 2._o p._n 110.111_o mix_v monarchy_n w._n it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n d._n 5._o p._n 345._o to_o 348._o sim._n montfort_n w._n he_o first_o call_v the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 596.597_o moses_n and_o joshua_n w._n monarch_n over_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n and_o successor_n to_o the_o patriarchical_a power_n d._n 2._o p._n 92._o to_o 100_o multitudo_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n d._n 8._o p._n 569._o to_o 571._o n_o w._n a_o whole_a nation_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o some_o case_n of_o extremity_n but_o not_o particular_a person_n d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 150.161_o 162._o d._n 4._o p._n 236._o to_o 239.272_o to_o 275._o negative_a voice_n w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v it_o not_o in_o some_o case_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 341._o noah_n w._n he_o be_v sole_a proprietor_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v tenant_n in_o common_a with_o his_o own_o child_n d._n 1._o p._n 74_o 75._o w._n his_o grandson_n be_v all_o alike_a prince_n over_o their_o several_a family_n ib._n p._n 75._o to_o 81._o w._n from_o noah_n seven_o precept_n may_v be_v deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 36_o 37._o nobilis_fw-la &_o nobilitas_fw-la the_o several_a signification_n of_o those_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 374_o 388.410_o w._n mere_a commoner_n be_v not_o often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o nobiles_fw-la ib._n 396_o 397._o non_fw-la obstantes_fw-la the_o clause_n when_o first_o insert_v in_o our_o king_n charter_n d._n 11._o p._n 820._o non_fw-fr resistance_n w._n the_o doctrine_n tend_v to_o make_v prince_n better_o or_o else_o more_o tyrannical_a to_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 116_o 117._o normandy_n w._n its_o duke_n be_v absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 10._o p._n 727._o o_o oath_n of_o the_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n how_o far_o oblige_v according_a to_o sir_n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 122.123_o it_o be_v ancient_a form_n according_a to_o the_o mirour_n d._n 5.364_o w._n the_o take_v the_o coronation_n oath_n render_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a if_o it_o
e._n i._o ib._n p._n 554._o rot._n cl_o 31._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 555._o rot._n pat._n 54_o h._n iii_o ib._n 573._o rot._n wal._n 11._o ed._n i._o ib._n 574.575_o rot._n cl_o 28._o e._n i._o rot._n pat._n 8._o ed._n ii_o ib._n 576._o rot._n pat._n 52._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 578._o bundle_z brev._n 5._o ed._n ii_o rot._n pat._n 40._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 581._o rot._n pat._n 2._o h._n v._o ib._n p._n 582._o placit_fw-la parl._n 18._o e._n i._o rot._n parl._n 18._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 584._o inter_fw-la com._n brev_n in_o scac._n 34._o ed._n i._o prins_n par_fw-fr reg._n p._n 26.28.30_o ed._n i._o ib._n p._n 586._o parl._n reg._n 8._o ed._n ii_o 887._o rot._n cl_o 15._o e._n ii_o rot._n cl_o 2._o e._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 50._o e._n iii_o p._n 588._o rot._n pat._n 42._o e._n iii_o p._n 599._o rot._n pat._n 17._o ed._n iii_o rot._n parl._n 51._o e._n iii_o p._n 605._o a_o regency_n w._n legal_a or_o practicable_a in_o england_n upon_o king_n james_n departure_n d._n 12._o p._n 877._o religion_n in_o what_o case_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v for_o it_o without_o any_o resistance_n d._n 4._o p._n 222._o to_o 235._o the_o remedy_n against_o tyranny_n the_o people_n of_o england_n can_v have_v without_o resistance_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 262._o to_o 664._o resistance_n of_o father_n husband_n and_o master_n by_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o servant_n w._n ever_o lawful_a d._n 1._o p._n 41._o to_o 44._o to_o 52.60_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o what_o case_n absolute_o lawful_a d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 149_o d._n 4._o p._n 270._o in_o what_o case_n absolute_o unlawful_a d._n 3._o p._n 176_o 177._o all_o the_o evil_a consequence_n of_o such_o resistance_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 261._o to_o 264._o d._n 9_o p._n 649_o 659_o to_o 666._o w._n all_o resistance_n be_v forbid_v by_o god_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n d._n 3._o p._n 190._o to_o the_o end_n w._n forbid_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n d._n 4._o p._n 220._o to_o 264._o w._n contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n ib._n p._n 283._o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o those_o in_o commission_n by_o he_o w._n absolute_o â—orbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o against_o bear_v of_o arm_n d._n 8._o p._n 612._o w._n contrary_a to_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n ib._n to_o the_o end_n resistance_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o our_o king_n w._n lawful_a both_o before_o and_o since_o the_o conquest_n d._n 9_o p._n 615_o to_o 637._o such_o resistance_n grant_v to_o be_v lawful_a by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n themselves_o d._n 9_o p._n 617.620.622_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a what_o they_o be_v d._n 9_o p._n 666_o to_o 669._o roll_n clause_n how_o many_o want_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 517_o 518._o s_o sapientes_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o ancient_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 377._o late_o schism_n upon_o the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o bishop_n w._n justifiable_a d._n 13._o p._n 963_o to_o 966._o scotland_n w._n it_o be_v ancient_a constitution_n be_v the_o same_o with_o england_n d._n 7._o p._n 503._o to_o 505._o d._n 8._o p._n 559._o w._n none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o appear_v at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n ib._n to_o 510._o scutage_n service_n w._n different_a from_o a_o scutage_n tax_n d._n 7._o p._n 439._o to_o 440.479_o to_o 481._o sermon_n for_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n censure_v in_o parliament_n d._n 1._o p._n 5._o servant_n and_o son_n w._n all_o one_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 54._o sheriff_n pardon_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o hold_v above_o one_o year_n d._n 12._o p._n 821._o state_n general_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n w._n their_o make_v war_n upon_o king_n james_n the_o second_o be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 781_o 782._o ancient_a statute_n w._n the_o three_o estate_n have_v not_o always_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 330._o to_o 348._o notwithstanding_o the_o different_a form_n of_o pen_v they_o ibid._n d._n 7._o p._n 484_o 485.525.528_o 529._o statue_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o cap._n 1._o w._n still_o in_o force_n d._n 13._o p._n 909._o to_o 933._o statute_n of_o the_o thirteen_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 1._o w._n still_o in_o force_n d._n 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 898._o all_o statute_n though_o make_v by_o usurper_n w._n they_o hold_v good_a till_o repeal_v d._n 12._o p._n 909_o 911_o 912._o doctor_n story_n case_n d._n 13._o p._n 950._o subject_n how_o different_a from_o slave_n d._n 4._o p._n 251._o to_o 261._o w._n particular_a subject_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o own_o private_a injury_n d._n 4._o p._n 252._o succession_n to_o crown_n no_o certain_a procept_n to_o be_v find_v about_o it_o in_o scripture_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 89._o to_o 90._o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n w._n always_o hereditary_a since_o the_o conquest_n without_o any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 839_o to_o 875._o suffering_n of_o christ_n how_o far_o a_o example_n to_o we_o d._n 4._o p._n 227._o to_o 233._o suffer_v for_o religion_n without_o resistance_n when_o necessary_a ib._n p._n 231._o t_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la w._n they_o be_v all_o baron_n d._n 6._o p._n 399.400_o w._n they_o can_v ancient_o tax_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n as_o well_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o as_o what_o be_v not_o d._n 7._o 440.479_o to_o 483.500_o w._n they_o or_o else_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v ancient_o the_o only_a person_n who_o serve_v upon_o jury_n d._n 10._o p._n 741._o to_o 746._o w._n they_o represent_v all_o their_o under_o tenant_n in_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 512._o tenant_n in_o sâ—â—age_n w._n they_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n d._n 6._o p._n 420._o tenant_n in_o demesne_n claim_v to_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o knight_n wage_n by_o prescription_n d._n 8._o p._n 588_o 589._o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n w._n in_o use_n before_o king_n wil._n i._o d._n 10._o p._n 750_o 751._o a_o new_a test_n oath_n oppose_v by_o a_o great_a party_n of_o the_o poeâ—s_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o d._n 9_o p._n 659._o testament_n w._n valid_a in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 86_o 87_o 91._o the_o several_a text_n of_o scripture_n make_v use_v of_o for_o or_o against_o absolute_a nonresistance_n examine_v viz._n in_o the_o old_a testament_n d._n 3._o p._n 190._o to_o the_o end_n text_n of_o scripture_n out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n urge_v for_o the_o like_a purpose_n d._n 4._o p._n 220._o to_o 279._o thanes_z the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o that_o title_n discuss_v d._n 6._o p._n 374._o to_o 379._o the_o divers_a sort_n of_o they_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n d._n 5._o p._n 370._o treason_n against_o the_o kingdom_n ancient_o as_o well_o as_o against_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 344._o trial_n by_o combat_n w._n in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 758._o trust_v commit_v by_o the_o people_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n w._n unaccountable_a and_o irrevocable_a d._n 3._o p._n 152.154_o insupportable_a tyranny_n w._n worse_o than_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n ib._n 155._o tyrant_n w._n ordain_v of_o god_n d._n 4._o 245_o 246._o u_o vavasor_n or_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n w._n ancient_o reckon_v as_o part_v of_o the_o baronage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 6._o p._n 405_o 406._o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o regni_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o w._n the_o commons_o be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 408_o 409_o 415_o 416._o universitas_fw-la communis_fw-la the_o meaning_n of_o that_o phrase_n in_o matthew_n paris_n d._n 7._o p._n 470._o w._n it_o comprehend_v no_o more_o than_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ib._n 471._o primate_n usher_v opinion_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o obedience_n of_o the_o subject_a consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 271_o 272._o usurper_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n to_o be_v obey_v before_o the_o lawful_a prince_n and_o his_o heir_n d._n 2._o p._n 126_o 127._o when_o usurper_n may_v be_v obey_v before_o the_o lawful_a prince_n and_o his_o heir_n d._n 4._o p._n 246._o usurpation_n w._n it_o give_v a_o rightful_a title_n after_o three_o generation_n d._n 2._o p._n 128._o vulgus_fw-la what_o that_o word_n signify_v in_o the_o
matth._n paris_n sufficient_o show_v this_o grant_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la often_o include_v not_o only_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n too_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o that_o word_n nor_o be_v your_o interpretation_n of_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la for_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o tax_v their_o villani_n any_o other_o than_o a_o mere_a wrest_n of_o these_o word_n for_o if_o they_o be_v only_o those_o who_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o villain_n who_o you_o suppose_v be_v either_o their_o bondman_n or_o else_o their_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n it_o be_v absolute_o contrary_a both_o to_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o whoever_o hear_v that_o villain_n or_o bondman_n who_o have_v no_o property_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n ever_o pay_v tax_n and_o if_o you_o suppose_v that_o these_o villani_n be_v only_o the_o rustic_a tenant_n in_o socage_n by_o villain_n service_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o all_o the_o military_a or_o feudatory_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o all_o tenant_n in_o free_a socage_n by_o certain_a rent_n be_v exempt_a from_o both_o these_o tax_n since_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o mention_v in_o these_o writ_n neither_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o villani_n as_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v for_o if_o these_o villani_n be_v mere_a rustic_n pray_v tell_v i_o what_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o put_v they_o check_v by_o jowl_n with_o their_o lord_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o as_o if_o they_o have_v give_v by_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o why_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o word_n be_v in_o your_o record_n give_v pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la if_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la there_o mention_v have_v not_o represent_v they_o which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v say_v with_o any_o sense_n have_v they_o be_v only_o so_o many_o freeman_n or_o master_n over_o their_o slave_n where_o as_o it_o here_o appear_v every_o one_o of_o these_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o man_n here_o mention_v have_v a_o equal_a independent_a power_n to_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o not_o one_o for_o another_o or_o else_o this_o word_n may_v be_v mean_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o where_o they_o be_v put_v in_o the_o nominative_a case_n as_o equal_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o order_n of_o man_n there_o recite_v and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v husbandman_n or_o mere_a villager_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n pof_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o which_o sense_n sir_n henry_n spellman_n allow_v in_o his_o glossary_n villanus_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la iâ—_n villa_n habitas_fw-la ut_fw-la vrbanus_n ab_fw-la urbe_fw-la etc._n etc._n villa_n autem_fw-la propria_fw-la â—â—â—at_fw-la viculum_fw-la rusticanum_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o â—e_n more_fw-it gallici_fw-la idiomatis_fw-la eraducitur_fw-la ad_fw-la insignia_fw-la oppidu_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ipsas_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o take_v it_o in_o what_o sense_n you_o please_v it_o be_v plain_a it_o can_v never_o here_o mean_a mere_a villager_n nor_o can_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la hominesâ—e_o â—e_z only_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o record_n will_v have_v conclude_v thus_o &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n you_o have_v cite_v of_o the_o 10_o of_o hen._n 3._o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o suffex_n and_o may_v be_v find_v in_o many_o other_o record_n which_o respect_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n villanus_fw-la we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o these_o very_a record_n themselves_o of_o the_o 16_o and_o 21th_o of_o hen._n 3._o which_o you_o and_o i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o in_o both_o which_o writ_n there_o be_v certain_a person_n appoint_v to_o assess_n and_o collect_v the_o aid_n in_o every_o county_n and_o who_o by_o virtue_n of_o these_o writ_n do_v cause_n to_o be_v elect_v four_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o lawful_a man_n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la villis_fw-la of_o each_o hundred_o in_o the_o county_n there_o mention_v and_o then_o the_o villani_n will_v signify_v in_o these_o writ_n not_o villain_n or_o mere_a rustic_n who_o be_v not_o then_o reckon_v inter_fw-la lâ—galea_n homines_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a you_o have_v bring_v some_o precedent_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la give_v tax_n for_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n yet_o that_o be_v only_a where_o the_o tax_n be_v raise_v upon_o knight_n fee_n alone_o and_o not_o upon_o all_o the_o â—ands_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n much_o less_o upon_o good_n and_o chattel_n so_o that_o either_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_a mention_v in_o these_o record_n must_v mean_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n who_o by_o their_o representative_n give_v these_o tax_n of_o a_o 40th_o or_o 30_o paâ—t_n for_o themselves_o and_o all_o such_o of_o their_o tenant_n who_o hold_v estate_n of_o copyhold_n lease_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n or_o have_v estate_n in_o stock_n money_n or_o other_o chattel_n nor_o otherwise_o can_v these_o tax_n ever_o have_v be_v general_a not_o charge_v upon_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o remark_n upon_o your_o observation_n of_o this_o writ_n which_o be_v that_o whereas_o you_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o king_n summons_n be_v direct_v to_o none_o of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o all_o present_a at_o those_o parliament_n for_o you_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o they_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o consequent_o can_v not_o be_v include_v under_o that_o title_n so_o that_o if_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o grant_v this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n be_v not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o their_o under_a tenant_n also_o by_o military_a service_n as_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormannicum_fw-la p._n 25._o as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n p._n 51._o therefore_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v that_o your_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o will_v never_o make_v out_o that_o none_o but_o they_o and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a under_o that_o title_n to_o appear_v at_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o to_o grant_v aid_n and_o join_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o he_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o allow_v to_o conclude_v unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o well_o as_o of_o land_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o aid_n grant_v in_o parliament_n of_o personal_a estate_n that_o all_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n be_v alike_o free_a and_o consequent_o have_v the_o same_o right_a to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n m._n but_o pray_v make_v out_o if_o you_o can_v by_o some_o more_o evident_a proof_n that_o any_o other_o beside_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v admit_v into_o our_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n i_o think_v i_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o first_o word_n of_o the_o agreement_n between_o king_n john_n and_o the_o baron_n which_o be_v still_o extant_a on_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n m._n 2._o dorso_fw-la begin_v thus_o have_v est_fw-la convenâ—io_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o robertum_fw-la filii_fw-la walteri_fw-la marescalli_n exerciâ—us_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o sanctae_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o ricâ—_n comiâ—em_fw-la dâ—_n clare_n etc._n etc._n and_o here_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n &_o allos_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o liboros_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la angliâ—e_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a this_o charter_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o which_o be_v assemble_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n with_o all_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a and_o all_o the_o freeman_n or_o considerable_a freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o as_o mr._n selden_n word_n it_o in_o his_o title_n
which_o after_o have_v elect_v and_o return_v burgess_n to_o no_o less_o than_o thirty_o two_o parliament_n 241._o yet_o in_o the_o 42d_o of_o edward_n 3._o upon_o their_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n obtain_v a_o patent_n to_o be_v exempt_v for_o ever_o which_o he_o here_o give_v we_o as_o also_o a_o temporary_a exemption_n from_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o to_o the_o town_n of_o colchester_n for_o five_o year_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o great_a charge_n in_o build_v their_o town-wall_n which_o show_v that_o the_o burgess_n wage_n be_v then_o a_o great_a burden_n upon_o town_n though_o rich_a and_o flourish_a in_o trade_n as_o appear_v by_o colchester_n which_o be_v then_o able_a to_o wall_n their_o town_n at_o their_o own_o expense_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o more_o such_o exemption_n as_o these_o be_v it_o not_o too_o tedious_a and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o be_v many_o more_o such_o than_o what_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o roll_n now_o that_o we_o may_v apply_v what_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o say_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o though_o the_o sheriff_n may_v sometime_o oppress_v some_o town_n by_o send_v precept_n to_o they_o to_o elect_n which_o ought_v not_o have_v send_v member_n to_o parliament_n at_o all_o yet_o that_o he_o can_v not_o make_v new_a burrough_n without_o the_o inhabitant_n consent_n be_v plain_a by_o his_o own_o show_v since_o they_o can_v be_v ease_v of_o that_o charge_n whenever_o they_o please_v and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o ownself_o to_o show_v i_o any_o city_n or_o considerable_a town_n in_o england_n that_o thus_o begin_v first_o to_o send_v citizen_n or_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o the_o sheriff_n arbitrary_a power_n not_o but_o that_o some_o town_n may_v complain_v of_o this_o abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n as_o in_o this_o petition_n of_o toriton_n now_o mention_v 2._o where_o they_o set_v forth_o quod_fw-la villa_n praedicta_fw-la ad_fw-la mittend_v aliquos_fw-la homines_fw-la pro_fw-la dicta_fw-la villa_n ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nostra_fw-la onerari_fw-la non_fw-la debtat_fw-la nec_fw-la aliquos_fw-la homines_fw-la praedicta_fw-la villa_n ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nostra_fw-la vel_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la miserit_fw-la nec_fw-la mittere_fw-la consueverit_fw-la ante_fw-la annum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la vicesimum_fw-la primum_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o though_o this_o petition_n be_v false_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n since_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o return_v that_o they_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n long_o before_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o second_o yet_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o petition_n be_v right_a that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o send_v any_o man_n to_o parliament_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o king_n progenitor_n which_o have_v be_v a_o vain_a plea_n if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o sheriff_n power_n as_o of_o right_a to_o have_v summon_v what_o town_n they_o please_v to_o parliament_n since_o then_o there_o can_v have_v be_v no_o custom_n plead_v against_o it_o this_o be_v once_o grant_v by_o mr._n prin_fw-mi or_o prove_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n we_o shall_v now_o come_v more_o particular_o to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o several_a town_n may_v come_v to_o be_v put_v in_o or_o lest_o out_o of_o the_o sheriff_n list_n of_o the_o burrough_n without_o grant_v they_o this_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o make_v what_o burrough_n they_o please_v now_o these_o 170_o city_n and_o town_n mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v give_v we_o and_o which_o have_v have_v precept_n send_v they_o at_o any_o time_n may_v be_v divide_v by_o he_o into_o these_o three_o rank_n the_o first_o be_v of_o those_o be_v nine_o in_o number_n which_o he_o say_v never_o make_v any_o return_v to_o the_o precept_n see_v they_o 224._o and_o so_o continue_v to_o send_v no_o member_n to_o this_o day_n except_o christ-church_n now_o these_o nine_o town_n either_o have_v a_o right_a to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o king_n reign_n in_o which_o they_o receive_v those_o precept_n or_o they_o have_v not_o if_o they_o have_v such_o a_o right_n the_o sheriff_n do_v but_o their_o duty_n to_o send_v they_o precept_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o burrough_n of_o the_o county_n for_o sure_a they_o have_v some_o rule_n for_o do_v it_o more_o than_o their_o own_o private_a fancy_n since_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o summons_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v deduce_v this_o power_n to_o the_o sheriff_n only_o recite_v aâ—_n qualibet_fw-la civitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o de_fw-fr qualibet_fw-la burgo_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v be_v mighty_a uncertain_a if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v then_o very_o well_o know_v what_o town_n be_v then_o city_n and_o what_o burrough_n and_o sure_o these_o nine_o town_n must_v have_v then_o be_v burrough_n in_o reputation_n at_o least_o or_o else_o they_o can_v never_o have_v have_v one_o two_o or_o more_o precept_n send_v they_o as_o mr._n prin_fw-mi here_o own_v they_o have_v and_o they_o may_v have_v have_v many_o more_o such_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v have_v all_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n and_o the_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v preserve_v as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o mislay_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v more_o at_o large_a by_o and_o by_o or_o if_o these_o town_n have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o sheriff_n power_n to_o impose_v it_o upon_o they_o since_o they_o may_v have_v refuse_v it_o if_o they_o please_v and_o so_o take_v it_o either_o way_n nothing_o can_v be_v argue_v from_o the_o loss_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o return_v for_o these_o burrough_n that_o they_o either_o have_v or_o have_v not_o any_o former_a right_n to_o elect_n since_o this_o may_v happen_v from_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o bailiff_n or_o constable_n of_o the_o town_n or_o else_o from_o their_o own_o desire_n to_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o charge_n thus_o in_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._o the_o sheriff_n return_v that_o the_o bailiff_n of_o st._n alban_n have_v make_v no_o return_n of_o his_o precept_n 201._o neither_o be_v there_o any_o return_v of_o such_o precept_n to_o this_o burrow_n all_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n do_v be_v therefore_o follow_v that_o this_o town_n have_v no_o more_o precept_n send_v they_o in_o all_o his_o reign_n when_o i_o have_v show_v you_o the_o contrary_a by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n in_o the_o 35th_o of_o ed._n i._n or_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n as_o a_o burrow_n but_o what_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n first_o give_v they_o when_o you_o see_v they_o claim_v by_o their_o petition_n to_o ed._n the_o second_o to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o second_o rank_n of_o town_n be_v such_o for_o which_o be_v find_v for_o some_o one_o for_o some_o three_o and_o for_o other_o more_o precept_n with_o return_v of_o election_n make_v thereupon_o and_o yet_o those_o that_o have_v make_v most_o return_v do_v not_o amount_v to_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 1_o 2_o and_o 3._o rich._n 2._o henry_n the_o four_o 5_o and_o 6_o to_o above_o thirteen_o return_v well_o grant_v all_o this_o will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o right_n than_o the_o sheriff_n good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n since_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a and_o be_v willing_a to_o preserve_v it_o they_o may_v have_v petition_v the_o king_n in_o parlialiament_n against_o this_o abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v up_o their_o right_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o trouble_v of_o send_v their_o member_n volenti_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la injuria_fw-la do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o no_o other_o 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the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n but_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n f._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v sacred_a and_o inviolable_a and_o yet_o no_o man_n will_v therefore_o say_v that_o they_o be_v irresistible_a too_o in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o as_o if_o the_o king_n for_o example_n shall_v attempt_v to_o ravish_v woman_n or_o rob_v or_o murder_v man_n upon_o the_o highway_n or_o in_o the_o street_n as_o the_o ancient_a historian_n relate_v of_o nero_n and_o commodus_n the_o emperor_n and_o as_o be_v report_v of_o the_o last_o king_n of_o portugal_n and_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n remove_v he_o from_o the_o government_n and_o as_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o be_v relate_v by_o our_o historian_n to_o have_v rob_v man_n upon_o the_o highway_n before_o he_o be_v king_n so_o if_o he_o have_v go_v about_o to_o 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of_o england_n can_v for_o any_o tyranny_n or_o breach_n of_o law_n whatsoever_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n or_o royal_a dignity_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o new_a doctrine_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v unwilling_a to_o hear_v what_o you_o have_v to_o say_v upon_o this_o subject_a another_o time_n since_o it_o be_v now_o too_o late_o to_o pursue_v this_o argument_n any_o further_o f._n before_o i_o make_v any_o reply_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o desire_v not_o to_o be_v misunderstand_v as_o if_o i_o call_v all_o the_o king_n late_a army_n thief_n or_o himself_o the_o captain_n of_o they_o since_o in_o simile_n it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o they_o agree_v in_o some_o common_a property_n without_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o which_o they_o be_v compare_v though_o this_o much_o i_o may_v safe_o say_v that_o those_o that_o take_v free_a quarter_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o those_o who_o support_v they_o in_o it_o 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say_v that_o the_o king_n can_v be_v judge_v or_o depose_v by_o the_o parliament_n or_o people_n and_o that_o he_o have_v without_o any_o effect_n of_o we_o absolute_o abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o depose_v himself_o but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o speak_v out_o of_o any_o prejudice_n to_o this_o king_n person_n or_o government_n i_o desire_v we_o may_v first_o debate_v it_o in_o general_n whether_o a_o king_n of_o england_n can_v ever_o fall_v from_o or_o forfeit_v his_o royal_a dignity_n let_v he_o behave_v himself_o never_o so_o like_o a_o tyrant_n and_o when_o that_o be_v dispatch_v it_o will_v be_v then_o time_n to_o consider_v whether_o the_o king_n have_v so_o behave_v himself_o or_o not_o m._n i_o like_v your_o proposal_n well_o enough_o only_o let_v i_o desire_v you_o to_o come_v again_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o since_o i_o hear_v there_o be_v like_a to_o be_v no_o term_n i_o intend_v to_o go_v visit_v some_o friend_n in_o the_o country_n till_o i_o 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