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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A50576 Memoir's for a natural history of animals containing the anatomical descriptions of several creatures dissected by the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris / Englished by Alexander Pitfeild ... ; to which is added an account of the measure of a degree of a great circle of the earth, published by the same Academy and Englished by Richard Waller ...; Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des animaux. English Perrault, Claude, 1613-1688.; Pitfield, Alexander, 1658-1728.; Waller, Richard.; Académie royale des sciences (France) 1688 (1688) Wing M1667_PARTIAL; Wing M1582_PARTIAL; ESTC R2399 302,762 395

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as it were an advanced Eye-brow was of a very brisk Isabella colour with the lustre of a Topaze The Cornea was raised with a great Convexity upon the Sclerotica which made an edge elevated round the Cornea This Border was hard and Bony The Conjunctiva was of a very lively red The Eye-lids were large each being capable of covering the whole Eye Besides the upper and lower Eye-lids there was an Internal one which was drawn into the great Canthus or corner of the Eye and which being extended towards the little one did intirely cover the Cornea Aristotle and Pliny do make six kinds of Eagles which are the Pygargus Morphnois Percnopteros Melanactos Haliaetos and Chrysaetos but they do not wholly agree in the Description which they do make of them chiefly in what concerns their size in the rest of the description they could not be so different by reason of the names which the Greeks have given them by which these Species are described by attributing to them some Marks which distinguish them These marks have made us also to find out the Species to which we judge that our Eagles must be referred as well by reason of the Particularities which do make them agree with these Species as by reason that those of the other Species are wanting in them Thus we do think that two of our Eagles which were the least might be ranged under the last Species which is the true Eagle commonly called in French Royale by Aristotle Gnesios and by Aelian Chrysaetos and Asterias by reason that the red and as it were gilded Colour of the Plumes is expressed by the Greek Name Chrysaetos and that the spots which they have on the Belly and Thighs do represent the Starrs signified by the Name Asterias which all Interpreters do report to have been given to this Eagle only because of these red spots Moreover these Eagles could be neither the Pygargus that is to say the white-tail'd Eagle nor the Morphnos that is to say the Eagle whose Plumage is of a dark Colour nor the Melanaetos that is to say the cole black Eagle nor the Percnopteros that is to say the Eagle whose Wings are spotted with black nor the Haliaetos that is to say the Eagle which resides near the Sea that is reported to have blewish Feet Because that these two Eagles as appears by the Description had not the Tail white nor the whole Plumage of a dark Colour were not all black nor had the Wings speckled with black nor the Feet blue so that our great Eagle which had the blueish Feet might be the Eagle which abides near the Sea called Haliaetos for this reason besides that it had the Wings very dark as Ovid describes it in the Metamorphosis of King Nisus who was changed into this Bird that it had the Brest and Belly white according to the Description of the Haliaetos made by an Anonymous Author whom Aldrovandus cites that its Feet were almost all covered with square Scales having a great many less square than in the other Eagles which Belonius affirms to be peculiar to this kind of Eagle to which Aristotle attributes that which is spoken of all the Eagles viz. that they do reject those of their young which connot stedfastly behold the Sun. Some difficulty might arise about the size which was indifferent in our two Royal Eagles each not exceeding six pounds in weight whereas the Eagle Chrysaetos which Aldrovandus describes weighed ten But it must be considered that our Eagles were young as appears by the white Feathers which they had upon the Neck Wings and Tail which do change Colour in the Eagles when they do wax old and do grow of a gilded or dark chestnut Colour as Gesner has observed Add moreover that it has been said that Aristotle and Pliny agree not upon the size of the Eagles of different Species Aristotle making that which he calls Gnesios which is that which Aelian and Pliny do call Chrysaetos the greatest of all and Pliny saying that it is only of a middle size and that that which is called Percnopteros is the biggest Pliny say's that Birds have no Epiploon yet our two Royal Eagles had Membranes which like a sack did inclose the Intestines Liver and Ventricle which Cortesius has likewise observed in making the Dissection of an Eagle We found such an Epiploon in other Birds This Membrane proceeded from those which do form the Bladders which are in the lower Belly in Birds and which do swell by Respiration It had a great deal of Fat especially over the Ventricle which might cause a belief that this Fat had the same use in this Bird as in Terrestrial Animals where it is thought that it serves in the Epiploon to foment by its heat that of the Uentricle at least it is observed that Carnivorous Animals have the Epiploon furnished with a great deal of Fat. The Oesophagus which was on the right side of the Aspera Arteria was extended even to two Inches and a half in Diameter and six Inches in length when blown up on the inside Towards the top there was a glandulous Body hard and firmly fixed to the Membrane it was about the bigness of a Pea it was found only in one of the Subjects Underneath the place where the Aspera Arteria was divided in two the Oesophagus was contracted and did pass underneath then was enlarged to form the Uentricle which resembled it in Size Figure and Substance For both the one and the other was composed of Memoranes hard white and mixt with several Vessels on the outside The inside was different the bottom of the Oesophagus which formed a Crop or Craw was composed of small Glands which towards the bottom were about the bigness of a Rape-seed and went continually lessening untill they insensibly became imperceptible The Uentricle had some wrinkles which multiplying towards the bottom did render it thicker than towards the topp These two Cavities as well that of the Breast as that of the Uentricle were very large and proportioned to the Uoracity of this Bird which Naturallists report to be so extraordinary that it ravages all the adjacent places which do hardly suffice to furnish it with the Prey necessary for its Nourishment Thus it is observed that there are not found two Eagles in the same Quarter Aelian reports that the Eagles not being satisfied with the great Birds that they do take as Cranes and Geese they do hunt Rabits Hares and Kidds which they take up and carry away and that they have even the Craft and Subtilty of killing Bulls by making them to fall down Precipices and then eat them after that they are beaten in pieces by their fall The Intestines were small after the manner of Uoracious and Carnivorous Animals contrary to those which do live only on Grass and especially those which do chew the Cud where they are generally four or five times longer and broader than in others In our two Royal Eagles they were