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king_n	black_a	cover_v	white_a	21,734	5	10.4245	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40482	A relation of two several voyages made into the East Indies by Christopher Fryke and Christopher Schewitzer the whole containing an exact account of the customs, dispositions, manners, religion, &c. of the several kingdoms and dominions in those parts of the world in general : but in a more particular manner, describing those countries which are under the power and government of the Dutch / done out of the Dutch by S.L .	Frick, Christoph, b. 1659.; Schweitzer, Christoph.	1700 (1700)	Wing F2211; ESTC R33794	234,144	381

again We heard on the other side of us some more of 'em and went towards 'em We heard where they were but we could not see 'em for they were feeding about a Tree that had boughs which reach'd down to the ground amongst which they stood like so many Horses at a Manger We came close to the very Tree where they were and yet could only hear ' em I went a little on one side of the Tree and then discover'd a terrible huge Elephant with four small ones besides about ten paces from me My Gun was cock'd and I having overcome that little Pannick fear that seiz'd me at first gave fire upon the biggest and hit him just on the head which made him roar lustily Then I retir'd and another stept in who fir'd likewise and then another so we kept firing three times a piece round The Elephants gave ground but not above 20 or 30 paces and set up a hideous roaring We did not think it safe to pursue any more Game So we went back to Sittawack The next morning the neighbouring Cingulayans came down to the Valley to see what was done there having heard much shooting in the night They found an Elephant with two very sine teeth lye dead They gave an account of it to our chief Officer who sent immediately for me and ask'd if we had shot the Elephant I told him it was probable because we had been pursued in the night by some of 'em which oblig'd us to fire upon ' em This was the only reason that could serve to excuse us for it is strictly forbidden to shoot any Elephants unless a Man is in danger of his Life Our Officer sent word of it to the Governor of Columbo and sent withal the Elephant's two Teeth The Flesh of this kind of Animals is good for nothing the Fat is used for Lamps the rest was left in the place In April it rain'd so violently that we were almost overwhelm'd with Water The Amboineses who as I told you before liv'd in the Town were forc'd to be taken into the Fort with their Wives and Children Men and Beasts both tame and wild were drove up into the Mountains And our Fort was very full of Serpents Scorpions and other venomous Creatures We did what we could to keep them out by making Fires at all the Gates and Posts where the Sentinels stood The Rains abated in May and likewise the Floods and that Month I saw nothing remarkable but that the Elephants shew'd themselves in vast Numbers about our Fort. Most nights of this Month I went a Hunting with Cingulayan Sports-men and with them I had always good Sport and brought sometimes as much home as would serve the whole Garrison An Indian used to go foremost with a lighted Torch upon his Head and a Stick in his Hand to which some Shells are tyed loose and he goes along shaking of 'em making a continual rat'ling As soon as any Bufflers Harts or Hares c. hear this and see the Fire they come towards it and within shot of the fellow then he that goes behind him shoots as many as he pleases of ' em But the fellows sometimes are in danger of being run at by an Elephant who now and then pursues them and puts 'em to it very hard notwithstanding their Fire and the ratt'ling of their Shells The 1st of July There came an Envoy from Columbo to Sittawack call'd Mierop He had with him an Ambassador from the King of Persia He rode in a very fine curious Chariot made after the Persian manner drawn by two Oxen cover'd with fine white Linnen His Presents for the King of Candi were two white Lions three Tygers twelve Musk-Cats all carry'd in very neat Cages lin'd with green Velvet Two black Persian Horses cover'd likewise with green Velvet and twenty Falcons carry'd by so many black Malabarian Slaves The Letter was carry'd by the Dutch Ambassador in a Silver Cup and over him was a Canopy carry'd by 4 Cingulayan Noblemen bare-headed The 2d We guarded these Presents as far as a place call'd The Devil's Tree by Ruenel and having given our Ambassadors three Vollies we left them They went forwards with their Presents to Buare-Birge which is in the King of Candi's Dominion As soon as the King heard of their coming thither he gave orders to have them all secured and provided Necessaries for the Men and the Beasts they brought along with them and to keep them in close custody till further orders And it is a question whether or no they will ever be set at liberty For it is above 22 years since one John Baptista was sent thither as an Envoy from the Dutch and another Ambassador sent from the French Viceroy of Trinconomala who are there still kept in Prison and in Fetters without any hopes of being ever free as long as this King lives Besides this Consinement they live very hard for tho' the King allows them necessaries and those it may be not in great plenty neither the King's Officers convert the half of them to their own Use and Profit On this same day Two gray Old Men came to us in the Fort of Sittawack dress'd after the Cingulayan manner They told us that they came about 20 years since to Calpintin with an English Ship and that they with ten other Seamen being sent on shore to this Island to fetch Provisions Water and Wood they were trapann'd by some Candians who sent them to Candi where they had been kept Prisoners all that while every one of ' em That the other ten were dead and they two had ventur'd their Lives to make their escape and had left their Black Wives behind them They had been eight days a coming or rather eight nights that being the only time they could travel in being forc'd to lye hid all day in the Woods They had heard that day the shooting from our Fort and judged it by that to be a place in the Hands of the Christians and were over-joy'd to find themselves deliver'd out of the power of their cruel Master the King of Candi One of them was a Gunner the other a Drummer and both spoke besides English very good Cingulaian and Portuguese The Gunner told us a great many passages of his Life during their Slavery and amongst other Relations described to us the Richness of the King of Candi's Warlike instruments His Carriages are all over-laid with Gold and Silver and inlaid with Rubies and Saphyrs He told us that he had seen once a great Ruby that a Cingulaian Peasant had found and carried home to use for a Whet-stone and had whetted his Knives and Hatchets with it for some Years A certain Field Officer of the King of Candi happening to go to that Contryman's House saw it and carried it to the King who sent immediatly for the Country Fellow and askt him what he would have for his Whetstone The poor fellow told the King that he had found it in the

is a place fit for careening of Ships where she was to be fitted up being very old The Island hath its name very justly Onrust signifying no rest by reason of the continual disturbance which the Sea causes to the Inhabitants who are only Carpenters Smiths and other such Artificers for Shipping For the Island being very low and the Sea Ebbing and Flowing every two hours at very uncertain heights gives the Inhabitants no rest or security And every new and full Moon the Sea drives 'em up a vast way but so unsixt are its Bounds that they are forced to be continually upon their Guard Which besides the great labour and great quantity of work that lies upon their hands makes it truly very restless for them There were two Master Surgeons besides me belonging to the same Ship and we had all our Patients ashore The only pastime we could have was catching of Tortoises of which there are vast numbers there When it is fair and the Sun shines bright they come out of the Water and lie in the hot Sand. So when they were all very quiet and settled we came upon them of a sudden with Sticks and Iron Bars and turned them upon their Backs as fast as we could for then they cannot stir When we had done catching 'em so we took them out of their shells and put them in Pickle and kept them in Barrels or Pots with Salt and Vineger This was our daily Food and very good but some of 'em are far better than other some The biggest we caught was more than three Men could compass and a loaded Wagon might safely have gone over it without breaking it Besides these there are also a great many Sharks which do much mischief of which I gave you an instance before in the poor Chineese that was diving for Iron and was devoured by ' em There is much fishing for ' em And the manner of catching them is by baiting several very large strong Hooks with the whole Liver of some other Fish which the Sharks will not fail to swallow Hook and all being extream greedy and so they are taken The Tail is all that is eaten of this Fish and that is not very palatable neither but the whole is eaten sometimes by Seamen in case of necessity for want of other meat But its Liver is very useful for many things in Surgery Our Ship being now thoroughly refitted we returned to our old Anchoring Place at Batavia where we found a Ship newly come from Holland that had not yet cast all her Anchors I took in all hast a Chineese Praw and went on board of her to see if I could not meet with any old Acquaintance there and to hear some News from our Country And there I heard the first account of Stransbourgh being taken by the French which was a very great surprize to us As soon as our Ship had taken in all Necessaries here she was ordered to sail for Ceylon at which I was mighty joyful and accordingly I recruited my self with Provisions and went on board Then we left Batavia with the first fair Wind and in five Weeks time we happily arrived before Columbo which is the Chief City of the Dutch in Ceylon It is one of the most commodious Ports of any in the Indies where Ships may lie safe many years and come in at will with the Sea-wind and run out when they please with a Land-wind Yet there are a great many Rocks there but they are only dangerous to Strangers for which reason when a Ship comes thither that hath never been there before she is obliged to fire three Guns whereas if he is acquainted with the place he need fire but one This is straight answer'd by a Gun from a Watch-Tower that is on one of the highest Rocks about two miles distance from the City where there is always a Pilot and his Men ready who as soon as they spy a Ship coming display a Flag in token that they must come no further and then they go and bring the Ship in At the Mouth of the Haven lies a Fort or Castle called 't Swart i. e. the Black Fort. It was first built by the Portugueze but under a specious pretence of building a thing of a very different nature For when the King of Candy who could at that time have prevented their work sent to know what they were about they told him they were only building a Play-house and under that colour carried on their work and provided it with large pieces of Cannon which they brought to Shore in great Hogsheads and so became able to maintain themselves there I do not design to enter upon a description of this Island because it hath been done very particularly by others and especially by Chr. Schwitzor whose Relation is now published with mine to which I refer you While our Ship was lading with Cinnamon and several other Rich Commodities I went on Shore most of the time where I took my diet at a Freemans House where I had it extream good and well ordered and for a very small price The great Commodity of this Island is Cinnamon which is the Bark of a Tree much of the bigness of an Olive Tree the Leaves are much like the Laurel but somewhat smaller the Flower it bears is white and the Fruit is like the Black Olives of Portugal The Tree hath two Barks the Cinnamon is the inner one of them which is peeled off the Tree and cut in square pieces then laid in the Sun to dry which makes it rowl up together as we see it in Europe and changes its colour which is at first near upon Ash-colour into what we find it of here When the Trees are peeled in this manner they are let alone for three years in which time they have regained their Coats as before The Trees grow wild without planting and cultivating and make a sort of Coppice of themselves and require no other hand than that of Nature to make them beneficial to Man There is besides this a sort of Cinnamon that grows in Malabar and is called Canella de Matte but it is a bastard kind and nothing near so good None of the Spices neither the Cinnamon I have been speaking of nor the Cloves Mace Nutmegs Saffron c. may be carried away by any private Person upon pain of death And it hath cost some Men their Lives for attempting to bring them over as I saw an instance of one who had got a small parcel of Borrobone in order to take with him home and was executed for the fact This Borrobone is a Root growing in great plenty in Iava and is made use of instead of Saffron by all the Inhabitants and it hath all the Vertues of the best Oriental Saffron it is cut and dried and looks like Ginger The other Great and Rich Commodity of this Place is Pearls which they fish for after this manner The Company hath some thousands of Divers for that purpose

for a very small Fault or sometimes a meer Humour We will now give you some Account of their Military Exploits and Discipline They have a General which they call Dissave next to him some Saudis Then the Araski which are as Captains over 20 or 30 men each with an Ensign Their Artillery is only a sort of Muskets which stand upon a frame with three Feet of which the hindmost is broad and shorter than the two foremost Having no Lead they shoot with Iron Bullets These Muskets the Nobility which serve the King carry with 'em in fights They come into the Field 30 40 or 50000 strong all barefoot Their Arms are a heavy Iron Cimiter about a yard long and a light Half Pike Few have Muskets or Fire-Locks or if they have they do little Execution with them tho' they have never so much room to draw up yet they never advance but in single Ranks for fear the Hollanders should take too many of them off at once with their Field-Pieces Their Drummers are very much despised being taken out of a sort of People tho' Cingulaians too that live upon Bufflars Flesh and the Flesh of any kind of Beasts They call them Borrowayen They tie to their Body two little sorts of Drums call'd Tamelins others have but one of 'em but then it is bigger They beat distinct Marches with a great deal of Art and the Soldiers understand them very well They beat morning and night but differently Their Pipers use both a straight and a crooked sort of Pipe and make pretty Musick with them both together Any Dutchmen that are taken by these People are never to be Ransom'd at any Rate but must remain amongst them in great Slavery all the days of their Life and all the ways are so strictly guarded that there is no escaping by any means The Dutch that sometimes desert us and go over to the King of Candi are maintained in Necessaries but are not trusted in any Employment The other sort of Inhabitants of this Island are those of Gala Batacolo Trinconomala Jafnapatnam Manara Aripen Calpintin as far as Negombo and are called Malabars These are all very well shaped and very black They are all under the Government of the Hollanders except those of Wani who have a King of their own But he is obliged to pay to the East-India Company a yearly Tribute of many Elephants and Money besides These Malabars come originally from the Wild Coast of Malabar lying by Manara and from the Kingdoms of the great Samerin Calicut Cananor and others They are all Infidels and of different Opinions Some of 'em who are call'd Vitzliputzli or Joosie Worship the Devil others a Serpent a Crocodile or an Elephant and commonly what they please themselves They neither Eat the Flesh of Bufflars nor Swine They hire old Women to Mourn over their Dead a whole night and cry over the Corps all the time Ajo aniate ariate inguwarre which is as much as to say Why did you Die Come come live again c. Then they Bury him and leave the Hutt out of which the Man died and build another They are a little more Civil than the Cingulaians and their Dress is a little more comely The Women never let themselves be seen uncovered by the Christians When they go abroad they are all covered with white Linnen and so close that they can but just see their way with the corner of one Eye Their Arms and their Legs are all adorned with Silver Rings and their Ears about a Span long with Gold Their Fingers and Toes too are all richly set out with several sorts of Rings most of Silver and Gold Their Numbers are 1 Onera 2 Renda 3 Muna 4 Nala 5 Anse 6 Ara 7 Ola 8 Orta 9 Otta 10 Padda 11 Paddona 12 Padda-renda 13 Paddamuna 14 Padda-nala 15 Padda-anse c. The manner of their Salutation is Laying their Hand on their Forehead and saying Damrian Amadran which is returned the same way They write likewise upon Leaves of Trees with an Iron-Pin and make whole Books of ' em We will now give you some Account How the Hollanders came to Conquer this Country and make themselves Masters of it I have already told you how it came to be in the Power of the King of Spain and fortified by the Spaniards It remained a great while in their Hands till the Portugueses Rebelling in Spain chose a King to themselves with whom all the Spaniards that were in the East-Indies joyn'd And thus the King of Spain lost all his Pretensions in those Countries which was no small loss to him The Portugueses would be improving their Conquests and try their Strength against the King of Candi and thought by Fire and Sword and their barbarous Slaughters and Murthers to frighten him out of his Kingdom but all in vain For the King of Candi finding himself in a great Extremity call'd the Dutch to his Assistance who together fell upon the Portugueses and became at length Masters of all their Cities and Fortifications above-named The last that was Besieged by 'em was the Capital City of Columbo which is about 28 years ago The King of Candi was now free and had an Army of 50000 Men. The Dutch General on the other side call'd Min Heer Vander Hulft had an Army of 12 Companies of 80 Men each together with a Fleet of 8 Ships Both these tho' the one a Heathen and the other a Christian agreed very well together put things into very good Order and made a Treaty That when the City of Columbo both the old and the new should be taken the King should have the Old one for his Residence and the Fort Negombo lying 8 Leagues from thence towards the Kingdom of Candi in his full Possession The Dutch for their part should have the new City of Columbo without any Molestation with all the other Fortisications they were already possest of and besides this should have Priviledge to Trade in any part of the Kingdom whatsoever with its Inhabitants The City of Columbo being taken at last by the Dutch Admiral Ryclof Van Goens the above-mentiou'd Heer Vander Hulst being shot Dead in the Trenches and by the Assistance of the King's Forces who did not suspect any Falshood after the Treaty made The Heer Van Goens having gather'd together the King's Army under pretence of giving them a Treat and the Streets being filled with them he sets all his own Men upon them for what Reason I cannot tell who cut the best part of them in pieces and put the rest to flight The King whom they thought to have taken Prisoner made his escape upon his Elephant and got over high Mountains Rocks and Wildernesses and at last into his Kingdom of Candi where being secure he swore never to forget the Falshood and Treachery of the Christians but to continue in a perpetual War and Enmity against them And in that he hath so constantly kept his Resolution that in these 28

lies in the Sea not far from the Land It is about twenty miles long and two broad from seven to ten Fathoms deep It belongs at this time to the Hollanders The Oysters in which the Pearls are found are about the breadth of one's hand They stick to the bottoms of Rocks some twenty or thirty together There are People to look every year and see whether the Pearls are ripe when they are so they write to all the neighbouring Kings to let them know what time the Fishing is to begin Then the Divers are sent who are Malabarian Fishermen who come with their Boats and some Stones along with them Each Diver hangs a Stone upon his Foot to sink him the sooner when he is at the bottom he fills his Net with Oysters and then loosens himself from the Stone Then the Stone together with the Net is drawn up by another Malabarian in the Boat whilst the Man shoots himself up to fetch breath When they have thus fill'd their Boat with Oysters they row to Land and throw them out There is a Dutch Soldier waits on each Boat to see that the Malabarians do not take any of the Pearls away The three first days these Boats are all employ'd for the East-India Company after this they may Fish for themselves paying a Rixdoller a day for every Diver The Oysters are laid in heaps on the Shore and the Merchants come there to buy them They are sold at the rate of eight hundred for a Rixdollar The gain or loss of the Buyer depends on meer chance For some may be find no Pearls in all they buy others make vast advantage of their Bargain There hath been no Fishing here for these eight years Some superstitiously think that the place is bewitched Others give this for a reason which I rather approve of that the boisterousness of the Sea hath cover'd the Oysters with Sand so that they cannot come at them The 6th In the morning all our Company went in the Boat call'd the Elephant and having the Wind for us we expected to reach to Columbo by night The number of the Soldiers and Officers was in all 110. We had but a small Vessel with Water a bushell of Rice a small Buffler and a young Buck which two last things were for a present to the Governor Thus the Boat was quite full and no Man had room to lye down but was forc'd to keep his Seat The Wind blew North But at noon it ceas'd and then we went but flowly but we kept in sight of Land all along on our left hand Toward night the Wind arose again and and then we made some speed Therefore the Steers-men bad us all look out sharp for Columbo where we earnestly desir'd to be especially because our Water Vessel was every drop drunk out The 7th By break of day we found that we were carry'd wide off of it by the strength of the current and partly by the oversight of our Steersman For we could see no Columbo nor Land neither All the Officers were very angry with him for 't and would certainly have thrown him into Sea if he had not got up to the top of the Mast where they made him stay all that day for his Punishment Our Captain consulted the Map of the Island Ceylon and he directed us somewhat in our course and about night we got in sight of Picod ' Adam or Adam's-Hill and at six of the Clock next morning we got happily to Columbo It was high time for us to get thither considering that we had been two days and three nights without Meat or Drink The Steersman begg'd we would pardon him and not complain of him to the Governor The 8th As soon as the Gates were open'd we enter'd the City and went to our respective Posts The Captain with whom I spent some time when I was here before sent to me to desire me to make his House my own again if I pleased I did not make any refusal of so advantagious a proffer but accepted of it and I staid with him till The 16th When I was order'd to go with several others to carry a Present which the Governor sent to the King of Candi during which time I had the Title and Office of Captain The Presents were two Persian Horses with sine Velvet Cloaths and Trappings each Horse led by two Malabarian Slaves Ten Falcons each carry'd by a Malabarian dress'd all in white Six Musk-Cats each in a different Cage carry'd by two Slaves Six very large Cocks from Tutucurini each of them likewise in a Cage cover'd with green Velvet Two Persian Sheep each with a Tail that weigh'd 20 or 25 pound A Box that had two Bottles in it that held each of them six Gallons of Persian Wine Besides this a great piece of Sandel Wood that weigh'd 200 pound wrapp'd up in sine white Linnen The Letter that was to be deliver'd to the King was carry'd in a Silver Cap by a Serjeant bare-headed and a Canopy was carry'd over it by four Cingulayan Nobles By each of which another went with a large Wax-Candle lighted as long as a half Pike Our march began in order at the Governor's House Some Companies of Cingulaish Soldiers went first then some Companies of Dutch then the Presents after them two Companies more of Dutch These were order'd to go as far as the King of Candi's residential Town Ruenel All the City was in Arms and all the Cannon was Fir'd round and a Dutch Company that conducted us out of Town gave three Vollies and went back again We together with the others before-mention'd went on with the Presents At night we came to a place where Dutch Potters live two Leagues from Columbo there we lay that night and the next morning march'd on and came The 17th At night to Hanquelle or Gourwebel a Dutch Fort where we lay The 18th We had a very unpleasant and dirty way and were not a little tormented with Blood-suckers till we came to the Fort Sittawack which is in possession of the Dutch and 12 Leagues distant from Columbo Immediately Letters were written on leaves of Sugar-trees and dispatch'd to the Coral of Candi at Ruenel to acquaint him with our being come thither with a Present for the King his Master and that he should permit them to come forwards if he pleas'd to receive them But not a word of answer did we get and we staid here in expectation of it six whole Weeks till the end of September At last we had Directions sent us from Columbo which were That we should go four Leagues farther beyond Ruenel and deliver them to the Coral and then come back And accordingly The 1st of October We went and after having crossed seven little Rivers we came to Ruenel This Fort heretofore belong'd to the Dutch but was abandon'd by them tho' themselves had built it There we cross'd over and having march'd a League further we came to a large Plain where we halted