of Gold and Copper to hold 24 Wax lights on the gate two great figures in the shape of Angells of copper and Gold holding two Scroules wherein is carved the words Natura me Occidit Spes me Elevat There is a vaulted place in the coming forth of this Pantheon wherein are the Tombes of the Princes and Princesses of Spaine covered with red Velvet richly embroydered with gold and Silver There are 36 Altars in the Church to which appertains all the Ornaments of change for every day in the yeare There are many pictures of an inestimable value a true originall of King David There are 36 crosses of Gold set with precious stones and an infinite number of Silver Lamps and Candlesticks there are in the main body of the Escuriall twelve thousand Windows and Dores the least of the Dores having cost one hundred pound sterling There are 17 Cloisters and 17 Courts and 85 Fountains there are 300 Religious men of the Order of St Jerome all Gentlemen the Annuall Revenue is foure hundred thousand Crownes There is in the Escuriall one of the Earthen vessels wherein as the Spaniards say was the miraculous Wine of the Wedding in Cana. As for Madrid it hath ever since the Court of the former Kings was kept at Valledolit bin the place of the King of Spaine his constant aboade The great Feast and Sport of the Torros is that which the Spaniard affects so much as he cannot leave it for the Popes Excommunication against such as may come to a fatall end in that sport The Pompe of the Roman Catholick Church sheweth it selfe very much in that of la Madona de la Totche wherein the Dominicans have an Altar of Massie Silver of an extraordinary bignes with a Madona of Silver fix foot high with a Sun of Massie Gold about the head set with precious stones the Railes about the Chappell of Massie Silver there are one hundred Silver Lamps the least whereof cost 400 Crowns some cost 12 thousand Crowns That of Toledo is of the forme of St Peter in Rome the Bishop hath 400 thousand Crownes revenue per annum the Treasure of that Church is of an unestimable value At the Pardo some miles distant from Madrid there is in a massy Silver Tombe a Figure representing Christ for the which King Philip the 2d did pay one hundred thousand Crownes it is of wood but so rarely carved as never Eyes beheld the like I have begun with Sepulchers proceeded with Churches Monasteries and described their riches more facil to the King of Spaine to compasse since he possesseth the Gold and silver Mynes and hath in his Dominions all the most pretious productions of Nature As for Madrid it is situated under a most pure Clime The greatest Palace would not yeeld so much Chimney mony as a little House of ten pound per annum in England since by the number of seaven Chimneys the greatest Palace of Madrid is wont to be described they use Silver Brazeros in all their romes of State and Bedchambers That which is remarkable in the King of Spaines Court is the attendance to his prime Minister of State now the Duke Medina de las Torros successor to Don Louis d' Arro who succeeded the Conde Duca d' Olivares prime Minister of State when Charles Prince of Great Britain was in that Court Anno 1625. The Nobles affect no other clothes then Black Freize all Winter long plain Taffaty in the Summer time The Ladies at Court admit Audiences when demanded it is in the presence of the King and Queene The Ladies stand on a row if the Cavalleros who have demanded Audience of them are Grandees they cover themselves The late Duke of Buckingham the Match les of all the Subjects in the World and who attended the Prince of Great Pritain had particular Audiences with the Conde Duca d' Olivares his Lady on the score of his being Embassador Extraordinary the Plenipotentiary for the Treaty of the Match and her being Camarera-Major with whom it was necessary to confer during the Treaty of an intended Match by King James of Blessed memory and the Prince with the Infanta Maria sister to King Philip the 4th But very loose impertinent and ill grounded discourses have been made in England concerning the Duke of Buckinghams correspondency with the said Countes as if she had been a strumpet of Greece and of those young silly Court sooles who are charmed by kind words who see Babies in all mens Eyes that look on them and perswade themselves that they must not resist those first glowings of Cypres coles except they would smother those Babies in their temporary Lovers eyes and loose their Maiden head in a dreame for nothing when as they pretend by answering their palpable Narcissus to have something more then imagination in the Bargain The Duke of Buckingham had other Fish to Frie then to make Love to himselfe with an old Woman the good successe of a Treatie for an intended Match by which Gondomar had promised the re-restitution of a Palatinate was the golden fleece for which this Matchlesse Jason exposed himselfe I do not say among Monsters of Africa but among Juglers Interlopers and no lesse then such Embassadors who with the Character of honest men do but too often Lye abroad to make good State Policy exposed himselfe into the attendance of that Matchlesse Prince in whose preservation three Great Nations besides all his friends abroad were interessed And when the Duke of Buckingham did find where the Remora was fixt partly in the calot humour of the Sexe which is the most tardy to admit reason because the Sex is the most passionate and that after long parleys with the slow resolving Spanish Councils of State the Match was still in statu quo it was then time as the French say either Faire bonne mine en manvais jeu put a good Face on an ill businesse or to try the uttermost a Camarero Major could or would do laying aside words Bull-begger like damned Hereticks whereby the zelot Romans do distinguish the true Christian Catholicks others in the Match of Matchlesse most precious Infanta Maria who certainly was a Princesse fit to be an Empresse of all the World as Shee afterwards became the Empresse of Germany As for visits to the Spanish it is not their custome to exchange words or complements before parties are set in Chaires with Armes They leave the visitor in possession of their House when the conversation is ended and for that go before attending him in his Coach they are succinct and grave in their Complements use to speak Proverbs if to passe Complements on great Holy-dayes as Christmas and Easter they only say three words Las buenas Pasquas they are very carefull to send complements to those of their friends and acquaintances who have been let blood and ever accompany their complement with a present which they call la Sangria They endeavour as much as they can to send their present
The Order of the Golden Fleece Philip Duke of Burgundy called the good instituted the Order of the Golden Fleece his intent being to animate the Nobels to the Warr against the Infidels the badge did seem to presage that Philippus bonus his successor should possess a golden World in America the number of the Knights was in Charles the 5th his time increased to 52. the collor is of golden Tinder steeles mixt with cross Laurell branches giving fire the badge a golden Fleece the day of Meeting is that of St. Andrew the Feast lasts three days the first day they are clothed in scarlet Gowns with Mantles and wooll Chaprons in remembrance that Salvation came by spilling of bloud the second black for the deceased Knights of that Order and the third white in honour of the blessed Virgin The Order of Cyprus The House of Lusignan which hath given many Kings and Princes unto Christendom instituted the Order of Cyprus the blazon was a border or collar of gold mixt with Letters SS with a Sword beneath the Blade of silver and the Hilt of gold the words Pour loyaute maintenir the letter S signified Silence others say that the letter R was joyned to the S and the meaning Securitas Regni The Order of St. Michael Lewis the 11th French King instituted in Anno 1469. the Order of St. Michael the collar of golden shells the motto Immensi Tremor Oceani to which is fixed the figure of the Archangel by the Example of his Father who had the said figure in his Banners in remembrance of a vision when he did see the said Angel on a Bridge at Orleans during the siege of the English The Order of the Burgundy Cross. The Emperour Charles the 5th did institute the Order of the Burgundy Cross on the day of St. Magdalene Anno 1535 in Tunis when he made there his victorious entry and did restore Muleasses on his Throne of Tunis which the Pyrat Barbarossa had taken from him The Knights did wear a Mantle with two knotty staves in Santori in memory of St. Andrew patron of that House whereunto was joyned a Tinder-steel with this inscription Barbarici The Order of the Holy Ghost Henry the third French King and of Poland did institute the Order of the Holy Ghost in Anno 1579 the Knights of the Order wear a black Velvet Robe with Fleur de Lis and flames all over imbroidered with gold and silver with a collar of gold intermixt with Lillies and flames The Order of the Round Table Arthur King of England did in Anno 516 institute the Order of the Round Table having driven away the Saxons and several other Nations and this in recompence of those that had behaved themselves manfully he created 24 Knights called of the Round Table and to balance his favours by equal ranks did ordain a Round Table whereat these Knights did sit on Feast-dayes removing thereby all jealousie of precedency and to keep them together in amity The Order of the Baronets King James in the Ninth year of his Raign did institute the Order of Baronets when he brought the Kingdom of Ireland wholly under his obedience and driven the Rebels out of the Province of Ulster the Order is Hereditary on the Eldest son being 21 years of age the blazon is the Arms of Ulster a bloudy Hand in a silver Field The Order of Bannerets King Edward the 3d instituted Knight-Bannerets The Order was Ceremonial as followeth The Knights of the first Rank were brought before the King between two Knights bearing his Pennon or Banner and then the Herauld did in the presence of all the Nobles and Officers of the Army beseech the King considering the Merits Birth Vertue and Means of the Knight to cause the ends of the Pennon to be cut off and so to advance the Knight to the dignity of Banneret The Example of the cutting off the end of the Pennon and the unfolding of the Banner is mentioned in Froisart on the subject of John Chandoys who by Prince Edward sirnamed the black prince in the presence of Don Pedro King of Castill before the Battell of Navaret did receive this honour whose Banner the Prince did unfold None under a Knight was admitted to this Order of Banneret the Dignity did require the means of 25 Gentlemen at the least The Dignity of Banneret required according unto the words Pour faire un Chevallier Banneret c'est quand il a longuement servy les guerres qui il à assez de terres revenus tant qui il peut Servi Souldoyer cinquante gentils homes pour accompagner la Banniere lors il peut licitenant lever la dite Banniere non autrement car nul aulne homme ne peut porter Baniere en Bataille s'il n'a 50 homes prests pour Batailler see Gesta Romanorum s'il n'a cinquante homes d'armes et les Archers et les Arbaletiers quy y apartienent So that these persons considered the old affinity of Bannerets with Barons the suite of Gentlemen the supporting of their shields and to beare it in a square Banner which may not be carried by any of any dignity save by such as are related to the Warres and an officer besides Lord Barons and such as are more then Barons The Order of the Garter King Edward the 3d in the yeare 1350. did institute the Order of the Garter to eternize his Victory of his great Conquest against John King of France James King of Scotland whom he had Prisoners both at one time having also chased Henry King of Castill the Bastard and restored Don Pedro others say that King Edward did institute this Order to defend the honour of Anna Countess of Salisbury a very faire Lady which the King did Love whose blew Garter the King had taken up as it was fallen dancing and was worne by the King on his left leg whereat the Queene being offended and as some of the Nobles reported the same to the King he answered Laughing Hony soit qui maly pense and that he would make that Garter an honour to all those that should weare it and so not long after made it an Order and gave the same to his Nobles The Garter being imbroydered with Gold and costly stones made fast with a loope to be worn at the left leg under the knee signifying love and unity the Mantle is Crimson Velvet and a purple Mantle lined with white and the red crosse of St George invironed with a Garter in a Scutcheon black velvet Bonnets with white Feathers about their shoulders a Collar of Gold being a Garter with white and red Roses betweene whereunto is the Figure of St George and the Dragon underneath the number of the Knights are 26 whereof the King is to be head their feast is kept yearly on St George's day they are Installed at Windsor they are bound to keepe 50 Gentlemen to serve the King upon all occasions they must be in their sute the day of the
they put two Mantles on his shoulders the one blew the other black this covered with dead bones to put to his remembrance by the blew the Heavens to be above him by the black Mortallity So likewise when the great Cam of Cattay succeeded to the Empire his Counsellors put him with his Chair on a black Felt telling him That he must look on the glorious light of the Sun and on the obscurity of his Seat that God is above the Sun without whose mercy he cannot promise to himself the possessing in this world the worth of that black Felt whereon they have put him Of Charity King Amade of Savoy being sought by certain Embassadors who did take great delight in Hunting and Hawking to see his Kennel of Hounds conveyed the Embassadors into a Gallery wherein he shewed them a great number of poor People whom he did daily feed and told the Embassadors That he had no other Kennel but did hope by them to purchase perpetual joyes Sophia Wife to the Emperour Justinian caused diligent enquiries to be made after the particular places where the poor people did pawn their Clothes which she then redeemed and sent them back to the Proprietors to make use of them Of Meekness Benignity and Clemency Eustorgus Salmin King of Cyprus was of such a meek Disposition and so good that Histories mention he never gave any just cause of offence The Emperour Charles the Fift having been advertised That a desperate man had resolved an attempt on his person called the man to him and without making any shew of being advertised or telling him any thing gave him five thousand Ducats for a portion to his Daughter Quintus Fabricius Maximus being advertised that Marso a man valiant at arms would betray him caused him also to be called and did ask him How long he would suffer him to be his Debtor gave him Horses Arms and Money Caius Claudius Caligula Emperour of Rome caused all the Accusations made during the Raign of Tiberius to be burnt on the publick Market-place nor could any man perswade him to take any particular notice of the Contents of them nor to know any of the Names of the Conjurators Lewis Duke of Orleance who succeeded Charles the Eight and was then called Lewis the Twelfth being put in remembrance of the Injuries Recorded during the time of his being Duke of Orleance answered That it would not become a French King to resent them Henry of Bourbon a French King was so full of Clemency as among thousands of testimonies which he gave of it would have saved the Duke de Biron who had conspired against his Royal person if Biron would have relyed on his mercy As for daily marks of his matchless Clemency to wave all Resents against all ill-disposed persons he made no other reply to a Libel which had been thrown on his way coming from Amiens to Paris save The man hath said all and hath forgotten nothing save his Name Queen Catharine de Medicis Mother to Charles the Ninth the French King being advertised that a great Libellist was penning a Book against her sent for him presented him with a Bag with one thousand Pistols and took no notice of the man's malice against her Of Justice Artaserste being by his High Chancellor ingaged in a Promise but finding the Boon could not be in Justice he made in lieu of it a Present to the value of the granted Boon saying The Gift could not make him poor but the Boon would have made him unjust Ribera Vice-roy of Naples having pardoned a Crime worthy of death and being petitioned in behalf of the party for another heinous offence said the first was the offendors the second would be his if Justice had not its course The Vicar of Naples having condemned a man that had wounded another and being Petitioned in favour of the Offendor whose Friends would make him pass for a Mad man answered That Justice tends not to punish the Wise but the Mad. Trajan the Emperour in his glorious departure from Rome being implored by a woman to do her Justice stopt lighted from his Horse heard her Cause did her right The strict observance of Justice was notorious in a Count of Holland who having constrained a Nobleman to espouse a Lady who the said Nobleman had ravished caused him immediately after the Ladies Honour was repaired to be beheaded The Grecian Emperours were the first cause of the saying Audite alteram Partem being accustomed to stop one of their Eares while they heard the Plaintiff and it s a good saying That those who are accustomed to buy Justice are apparently apt to sell it Of Prudence King Alphonze the wise said That a prudent man consults long with wise friends is vigorous and quick in putting the case resolved on in practice never forgets the absent nor hold the maintaining the Innocent and the overcoming of Passion as an indifferent matter The Emperour Maximilian said That an Italian thinks long on a business The French executes his thoughts at the same time as he thinks but that the Germains do and think on it afterwards which is no Prudence Of Liberality This quality in Emanuel the Great Duke of Savoy made Marini the Italian a second Pettarca write of that Duke his hands Mani che si stringano al ferro é siaprane perdar Oro in English Hands clinging to the Iron and opening to give Gold George Villiers late Duke of Buckingham having observed that the French Chevallier de Jarr exiled from France in England was in want and cold not ask invited him to play at Tennis caused two Bags each of one thousand pounds in Gold to be laid under the Rope and to have line marks given to the French Cavallier to lay against the ready Money because he had invited him to the Tennis Court without any forewarning to disguise the better his design to lose the Money and to make the French Cavallier play the more freely the Duke plaid false stroaks yet so dexteriously disguised as that the Spectators could not perceive the Duke's intention nor did the French Cavallier ever know it Of ancient examples of Liberality besides that of Alexander the Great that of Gellia is notorious for he was so generously liberal of Heart as he made his Palace a publick receptacle of all men in want builded for publick uses assisted in private gave portions to virtuous Widows and Virgins kept men at the City Gates to invite strangers at his Table and gave them Presents Of Compassion and Grief When Alexander the Great did see Darius dead Julius Caesar the Head of Pompo Marc Marcellus Syracuse inflames and Scipio Numaricia they could not with hold their Tears though they were their mortal Enemies Justinian the Emperor seeing Glimmer King of the Vandals after many Victories by him fought brought before him Glimmer having been so hard put to it by Belisary as that at last he begged from him but one loaf of bread a Gitar to play
gets more honour than he who gains a Battel for that by his long holding out he destroyes an Army saves his Men the Place and State The Marshal Turenne said of the Prince de Conde to have found him in all the parts of the Army so may it be said of a place well defended That the Governour must be met in all nooks corners and flanks thereof Now my Princely Traveller give me leave to note somewhat which my Age my Travels and the Christian profession more particularly requires That if the defence of a place needs such great cares those who may resolve to expose their persons to the wild world what care will there not be requisite for the defence of that which will as long as it is the commander of a dungeon or fortin called the body of man be assaulted by legions who are never tired who needs not to borrow nor buy Victuals nor Ammunltions who have millions of Petards which they can fix to the Gates of such a Fort without running any hazard of Mines nor Casa-mats but who can also deceive the Sentinels eyes with illusions who can steer their darts point-blank to the eyes or the heart of a man What honour will it not be to a Traveller to cause such Enemies to raise the siege and to retire as it was the Prayer of King David the man according unto the heart of the Lord of Hosts If now the German Nobleman shall have heard a Princely Traveller speak to the purpose on the Military Art and be desirous to discourse on the Orders of Chevaldry since the beginning of them he may make use of the following Recital and Annotations of all the most known Orders of Knight-hood which have been from the beginning and of such as are in esse at this present time Sect. 5. THe House of Momorancy in France instituted the Order of the Greyhound which is still the Crest of their Arms the collor of the Order are enterlaced Stags-heads the said House did likewise instituto the Order of the Cock as a Simbol of Heroick disposition Charles Martell the valiant instituted the Order of the Gennet after the Name of his wife Johanna but the institution was in remembrance of a defeat which he had given to his Enâ—mies in Spain in a place where great numbers of Weesels were slain The third Order was of the Star or of the blessed Virgin in remembrance of the Star which did conduct the three wisemen This Order was instituted by John de Valois a French King in Anno 1351. the motto Monstrant Regibus Astra viam The fourth Order was of the Pork-espi instituted by the Duke of Orleance the motto was Comminus eminus But the Duke being deceased Lewis the twelfth his Heir put in stead of those words Ultus avos Troia the simbol that as the Hedge-Hog defends it self against Dogs so he would against all assaults misfortunes and the envy of his Enemies The Order of the Thistle Flower Lewis Duke of Bourbon said the good after his return from Africa where he had vanquished the Heathens did institute the Order of the Thistle-flower of the blessed Virgin in remembrance of his Victory and to manifest his powerful assistance to Charles Duke of Orleans Phillip Earle of Ernux and John Earle of Angolesme against the Duke of Bourgondy who had caused Lewis Duke of Orleans his Nephew to be murdered the coller of the Order were Lillies with leaves of Thistles the badg a cross the motto Esperance the symbol his firmnes against all disasters and his hope of good fortune the Thistle-flower being a Hieroglifick of Affliction and the Lilly of Hope The Order of the Ermine Francis the first of that Name Duke of Brittain in France did institute the Order of the Ermine the Collor was of golden cars of corn enterlaced the Badge an Ermin the motto A Ma Vie the simbol of purity for that this Beast suffers it self rather to be taken than to re-enter its lodging if defiled The Order of the green Broom-flower The Order of the green Broom-flower symbol of Humility as growing near the ground was instituted by King Lewis in Anno 1234. the motto was Exaltat Humilis the Badg a golden cros hung to a collar of enterlaced Lillies and Broom-flowers the Robes were of white Damask with Violet Hats the Solemnity was so great that the shops of Paris were shut during eight dayes time the streets hung with Tapistry and Tables set before every Inhabitants door to Feast according unto old custome The Order of the Ship or Sea-shell St Lewis in his Voyage in Anno 1263 having obtained several victories against the Barbarians in the East instituted the Order of the Ship representing his going to Sea at Aiges-mortes The Order of Dame Blanche The famous General John de Bouchicauld Marshal of France by reason of the manifold Complaints made to Charles the 6th French King by a number of Ladies and Gentlewomen who were abused in their honour instituted the Order of Dame Blanche it was a green Shield the Knights of this Order were to defie all those that had done any offence to Ladies The Order of the Lillie Don Garcia sixth King of Navar instituted the Order of the Knights of the Lilly on the top were of the image of the blessed Virgin they were to defend the true faith The Order of the Templars As the Italians by subduing the City of Jerusalem instituted the Order of the Hospitallers so the French in the year 1118 after the Conquest of the Holy Land instituted that of the Templars they were to defend the Pilgrims going to the Holy Land against the Sarazens to make vow of Chastity to serve God in purity and obedience to possess nothing in property Baldovius the King suffered them for a time to live in his Palace near the Temple and therefore were called Templars who did live on the liberallity of the Patriark and of that of the King and others they were settled by Pope Honorius their habit was a white Mantle with a red cross put thereon by Pope Eugenius the third with eight corners as that of St John of Jerusalem for a sign that they did offer their bloud for the defence of the Holy Land and other places of Christendom their Banners were white and black was called Bea seant the white did signify their kindnesse to the Christians the black that they were terrible to the unbelievers they were redeemed by a girdle and a knife they were intombed with their leggs crosse they became as mighty as Kings Pope Callistus the 2d did free them from their obedience to the Patriarch of Hierusalem and Alexander the 3d of their Tithes they were destroyed in Anno 1310. at the intercession of Philip le Bell a French King and by order of the Pope being in all parts in one night all put to death after their Order had continued neare two hundred years The Order called that of Jesus Christ. Dyonysius King
of Portugal did in the yeare 1318 Institute the Order called that of Jesus Christ they were to fight against the Sarazens their Coate was black the Crosse halfe white and halfe red King Dionisius did transfer unto them all the Revenew of the Templars the chiefe of the Order is the Abbot of Alcohalien in the Bishop-rick of Lisbon their duty was to fight against the Moores Pope Alexander the 6th suffered them to Marry The Order of the Swan Silunis Brabon from whom the word Brabant is derived did Institute the Order of the Swan signifying Love and Concord The Order of the Montese James the 2d King of Arragon did Institute by Pope John in Anno 1317 his approbation the Order of the Montese and gave unto that Order the revenew which the Templars had in the Kingdome of Valentia it hath been united unto that of Calatrava they are cloathed in white with a red cross they were to free the coasts of Valentia against the Mores their banners did beare green and black crosses but on their shield and habit red crosses The Order of the Rue-branch King Achaius after he had made an Alliance with France instituted the Order of the Rue-branch and was in great esteeme in Scotland the Collar was mixt with Rue branch and Thistle the Image of St Andrew fixt thereunto the motto In defence for as the Thistle cannot well be handled without it pricks the Rue expells Venome he meant thereby that whosoever intended any mischiefe against his Kingdome would not doe good to himselfe The Order of the Elephant The Father of Cristiernus the 4th King of Dannemare gave for a Blason a Collor mixt with Elephants carrying Castles on their backs whereunto was fixt the Image of the blessed Virgin besides a little Medall with three nailes representing those wherewith our Saviour was nailed to the Crosse with the Armes of Denmarck sprung with teares of blood or hearts of men the Etymology that the Elephant his nature agreeth most with that of Man endued with military strength and Cardinall Vertues and hereby men to be moved to endeavour the excelling in Vertues so much the more as Man surpasseth Bruits The Order of the Boare The Emperour Ferdinandus the 2d did institute the Order of the Boare in the yeare 1213 in memory of St Ursus of the Legion of the Thebains who was martyred at Soleur in Switzerland the Collar was a chaine of Gold whereunto was fastened a Boare d' ore smaille de sable this Order did continue among the Switzers untill they freed themselves from the subjection to the House of Austria The Order of S. Hubert Jerart Duke of Juliers Burckgrave of Clarensberge did institute the Order of S. Hubert in the yeare 1444. on the day of S. Hubert in memory of the Victory which he got on that day against Arnolt Duke of Geldre brother to the Count of Egmond the Collor of this Order was made of Hunting hornes whereunto was fixt the Image of St. Hubert kneeling before the Image of Christ on the Crosse represented between the two branches of the Staggs head The Order of the Society of Fooles Adolph Duke of Clere did Institute the Order of the Society of Fooles the Blazon or Symboll was the figure of a Foole with a Coat and cap eschequeté d' argent de gul with bells or stockings or shooes sable and in his hands a golden bason with fruits The Knights of this Order did weare it imbrodered on their clothes as a signe of a harmelesse dove one to another The Order of S. James in Holland In the yeare of our Lord 1290. the Earle of Holland Zeland and Friesland keeping his Court at the Hague gave the Order of S. James to twelve principall Noble men the colour of this Order was composed of five shells of gold with the Image of S. James annexed thereunto The Order of the Dove John King of Castill in the yeare 1390. did institute the Order of the Dove invirond with the Sunne beams to move his Nobility to generous and magnanimous actions he did also institute an Order called Reason it were well all men were tyed to such an Order The Order of the Christian Warr. In the yeare 1614. when the Emperour Mathias and Ferdinand King of Bohemia were at Vienne the Order of the Christian Warre was instituted under the protection of the Blessed Virgin the holy Archangel Michael and S. Francis their duty was to fight against the Turks and other enemies of Christendome The Order of the Drake The Emperour Sigismundus famous for his zeale to the Christian Religion for many glorious victories against the Turks as for two Councells kept at Constance and at Bazill did institute the Knights of the Drake with the head downewards as a signe that by his means all Schismes and Heresies were overcome The Order of the Tusin and Dicipline Albrecht King of Hungary and Bohemia ' did institute the Order of the Tusin and as Duke of Austria that of Discipline which was represented by a white Eagle which is the Blazon of Poland The Order of Hungary The Histories of Hungary do mention that a Knight-hood was instituted whereof the badge was a greene crosse on a Scarlet cloake their duty was to withstand the Turk against the invasion of Hungary The Order of Sweden Magnus the Fourth King of Sweden Famous for his Warlike actions did in the yeare 1334 institute the Order of Cherubins and Seraphins with foure Patriarchall crosses in memory of the Siege of the Town Upsall the Metropolitan of that Kingdome to the Collar was fixt the Image of our Saviour Christ. The Order of the Sword-bearer There was also in Swede the Order of Sword-bearer the Collar being composed of Swords interlaced the points against each other and bloody The Order of the Halfe Moone René Duke of Anjou and King of Sicily Aragon and Jerusalem did iustitute the Order of the Croissant or Halfe Moone in the Cathedrall Church of St Maurice at Anger 's the Motto Los en Croissant none could be preferred to this Order but such as had given good testimony of their honesty and Valour all their exploits were known by certain small sticks tyed together with a ring hanging about their necks with a fine Ribbon their means were common The Order de la Banda King Alphonse son to King Ferdinand did institute a new Order called de la Banda which was a broad red Ribbon over their left shoulder none could be of this Order but those who had served the King ten years against the Moores they were obliged to speak truth to the King perform their promise not to frequent ill bred-men they were to have their Sword constantly on their side and a Lance at their Gate never to flatter nor jear not to play at Cards nor Dice never to complain of their Wounds nor to vaunt of their warlike Deeds to be decently accontered on common dayes in fine cloth at other times in silk at Feastival dayes
yet be Amicus unius inimicus nullius It will prove a good maxime in them with that Nation which hath nothing more rife on its tongue then No ti fidare not to trust as to fix their speculations on that which without any offence or perill of tell-tales may please their sight to wit the rare carved Statues and Pictures placed in and about the well built Palaces and Churches First as for Pictures to view them in order those of Perin del Vago in Castel St Angelo then proceed towards the plaine on the which the famous St Peters Church is built observe there the great Piramide on the left side of that plain and in the Church the Pictures of the Cavalier Balioni Pormarancio Passignani Del Castello The Pieté in Marble of Michael Angelo the day of Judgement by the same Angelo painted in the Popes Chappel the Altar and Sepulcher of St Sicilia all of Jaspis and other rare stone in the Popes Chambers the matchles pictures of Raphael d' Urbin thence make towards A Bel Vidor there see the Lauconte the Apollo Cleopatra Lantino and a Marble called el Toiso Then making his circuit to go out of the great St Spirito repaire to St Pietro Montoâ—â— there see the Picture on the great Altar painted by Raphael d'Urbin and the Figure of Christ in the pillar drawn by Frar Bastiano a picture of Georgio Vassari in the Sacresti one of Michael Angelo Then go to the Capitol there see Marc Aurelius on Horse-back In the great room of the Capitol the Battail painted in Fresco by Josepin Then to Monte Cavalo there see the two Alexanders with the Bucephalus one made by Phidias the other by Parxitiles Then to Porta-pia there see the Tombe of Bacchus of Porphyr stone of an extreme bignes and entire peece Then repaire to the Toure of Dioclesian To the vigna of Cardinal del Monte see there a great number of Statues Pictures and Limnings of Don Julio Clovio Then go to see il Colâ—sso and the Triumphal Arch of Constantin The Theater of Marcel at the Cardinal-Saveli The Palace of Farnese see there the rare Statues called the Hercules the Gladiator the Flora the ancient Torro with divers figures in one piece in the Gallery above staires the rare painting in white and black of Hannibal Carasa and diverse rarities in the Cabinet a most rare book limned by Don Giulio Clovio Thence go to Piazza Colonia see the Colomn of Anthonio Pio thence in the palace called Pietro see there the Colomne of Trajan the Emperour all graven with figures about it then see the famous Pantheca of Marc Agrippa the great Market place called Navona see there the Church called Minerva and therein the figure of Christ carved by Michael Angelo then go to the place Fiametta there see a Pallace with rare pictures of Polydor thence to the Palace of Cardinall Bourgesi to see a great number of Statues and pictures as also very rare draughts then to Cardinal Oldebrandini where there are likewise an infinite number of Statues and pictures then crosse over the way to the Palace of Guisi there see the rare pictures of Raphael then to Monte Giordano to the Ursins and see there the works o Bronsino and many other rarities then go to Cardinal Cresentio where are many rare works of Holbein and Michael Angelo then the Garden of pleasure of the Cardinal Borgesi all beset with rare antick statues and within garnisht with many rare pictures You shall see in the prime Churches first in that of Scala a very rare picture of Gerardo of Pomerantio in the Church la Consolation pictures of Durante del Borgio and Tadeo Sucari in that of St Laurenzo in Domo the picture of St Laurence of Frederico Sucaro of Grosepi in the Church of St Silvester on Monte Cavalo one of Palma in the Church called la Madona del Populo two pictures of Michael Angelo Carravagio of Hannibal and Frobastian del Piombo in the Church la Trinita di monti two rare pictures of Daniel di Voltera some pictures in Fresco on the Walls of Perin del Vago and Tadeo in the Chesa nova of Berossi of Giosepino of Scipion Gaetano the Figure of Christ of Michael Angelo of St Marco of Frederigo and of Raphael da Regio in St Gregorio martyro di Sancti of Guirlo Ren at St Giovane di fiorentino of Pasignani In the Roman Colledge an Annunciation in fresco of Frederigo Sucari in the Church called de Lanema of Julio Romano and Carlo Venetian at the Church la Place the Sybills of Raphael of Baldesar di Siena an Anunciation of Marcelo Giosepino Mutiano Albano the Cieling of Frabrastiano at Sancta Elizabetha of Guido at the Madona de la consolation of Pomerantio at St Augustin a Virgin Mary with two Pilgrims of Michel Angelo di Caravagio a St Augustin of Raphael c. And let not my Princely Traveller think it strange that the Italians will extoll these Statues and Pictures and so affect them as if nothing more glorious and more worth of admiration the first reason is that as the Roman Church makes it a Church policy the second that those Statues and Pictures before mentioned have been made by the rarest hands of men as ever lived since the memory of Bezaleel of the Tribe of Juda and Alolia of the Tribe of Dan as also Hiram of the Tribe of Nâ—phtali to work in Sculpture in Solomons Temple by what spirit these Romans wrought since the Gospel was preached I do leave to those whose vocation it is to treat of hidden Mysteries only I shall make bold to say that if my Princely Traveller observes the day of Judgement painted against the Cieling of the Cathedral at Munster he will see the Divell represented in a red velvet Chaire with a Crown on his head and a Scepter in his hand whom the Painter sitting one day on his scâ—ffold alone busy painting the Divell was as the story runs constrained to paint in that manner being otherwise threatned to have his neck broak and that thereon it may be thought the painter was not inspired with the spirit of God except the said representation was to serve for an Embleme that the black spirit hath an Empire over Legions of men But with what spirit the Painters of our age do represent at the belly of a Lyon Rampant which as the Unicorne is one of the supporters of the Kings Armes a red thing exposed to the full view of many Virgins and chast mothers of Children who cannot well behold such an aspect without a blush I leave to loose Christians to expound I wish others would commaÌ„nd I mean the Church wardens the painter to spare his red colour and forbeare the forestalling that offensive needles distinction of male and female in such a place wherein those who by the Anglican Church are called Idolatrous do not put any thing but what may move the people to a devotion The Italians indeed excell
in the adorning of their Churches and say that the Nation is so much given to their saying No ti sidare as that they are in Church policy bound to have those old representations exposed to the publike view for that the Italians are promot to reply to the best Orators Non ti sidare they say words are but copies and shadows of those Originall objects Printing was but in practise since later Ages old Manuscripts to be but for the I earned in the Hebrew Greek Syriack and Caldean tongues Images and pictures to be the Books of the most Ignorant and the quality of Quakers not known among them The more licentious Writers mentioned in the Epistle to the Reader will tell you that Srrangers must not expect from the Roman Prelats the Hospitality of Old England Cardinals to have Porta d' intrata e non d'â—scita the Neopolitan to be Largo di b ca e streeto de mano But I must not omit to note that as for Ceremonies and Civilities there are none so formall and neat as those of the Romans who would teach any other Nation their good behaviour and especially English men on the High way when the King happens to pas for it would be taken as a monstrous disrespect for men to remain in their Coach or on Horseback at the Kings coming neer but answerable to duty to go forth the Coach light from the Horse and bow to him who is the head of a Nation As for Cavalier-like Civilities the Gallantry of the Napolitans deserves the visiting them as also the Antiquities of Puteoli where the Apostle St Paul was where the Inhabitants profer his Medall to Travellers There is to be observed in the first place Mont Cenere a Hill of Ashes which did rise in the space of 48 howers Secondly la Solfatera as the Cave out of which Mount Cenere did rise whereof the perpetuall noyse proceeding from the Sulphureous exhalations is heard many miles from that place as the discharge of Chambres on the Kings Coronation day in that Solfatara a world of Sulphur is made Then see la Crota del Canic the Grotto of dogs wherein is such an infectious exhalation as kills a Dog outright if thrust therein but if immediatly after he seems to be staâ—k dead blew and black thrown into the Lake which is neer comes to himselfe againe thence see la Pessina admirabile which is a most vast building under ground as big as half Pauls Church and was to keep water for the military Cohortes thence see le Cente Camere la Sepulture de lei Nobili Romani the receptacle of the Noble Romans ashes being a room the walls whereof within set with ancient Urnes wherein the Ashes were put thence go io la Grota Leone and to the Elyzian fields the Baths of Cicero his Villa the ruins of the stone Bridge built by Caligula who riding over the same to crosse the bay vaunted to have Triumpht over Neptune and brav'd that God whereon may be said that Religion makes not a man more honest Then see Grotto of the Sibilla Cumana wherin as yet her resting place is seen with a gilded arched vault in Mosaick work Then returne to Naples see Gaieta and on its Gate the Tombe of Bourbon who did scale Rome read the inscription and you shall find Francia mi da la Vita Spania la Forca é la Ventura Roma la Morte Gaieta la Sepultura France gave me life Spaine force and adventure Rome my death Gaieta a Sepulcher And being satisfied of those parts returning by Loretta see a Chappell more considerable to the Romans then the Stable wherein the Saviour of the World was Borne since this was never said to have been built but by some Mason or Carpenter that by the hands of Angels who are said to have brought it where it stands garnisht within not with Hay and Cobwebbs as many Stables in ordinary Innes are but with unestimable treasures Pasquin excuseth this to Morphorius that it is a custome for Women to part from their Children in a mock but when they appear with the Baby as in Holland in the pranking room then all is glistering trickt up and fine And let my Princely Traveller but remember passing the Gulfe of Leon and at his arrivall into Spaine to speak in termes of respect of la Madona de Loretta he will be said to be a muy buon Catholico Romano and not be questioned by the Dons SECT IX LEt not a Princely Traveller suffer himselfe to be surprised with a prepossest opinion against the Dons nor that continent though with craggy Hills on the one part yet so fruitfull on the other as that nothing can be better the which moved a Traveller who had not converst with the best of the Dons to say that all was good there except what could speake But as for the mighty Pireneans they are of more consequence then the wall of China was for Tartars cannot break through them It pleased providence for the good of Spaine and France to place the Pirenean Hills between those two great continents and to strengthen that body of Spaine by Rivers of living waters which for comparison may be applyed to the blood which runs all along the King of Spaines vaines that of Austria besides the Banks of Silver and Gold from Potosi in the American continent whereby Spaine is enabled to vvage Warr in divers parts A Princely Traveller will certainly meet with a Nobility who puts its own stamp on their forehead who need not as Scholars go to read the saying on the Temple of Apollo in Delphos they teach it to their striplings of whom rhey make men from their Adolescency by infusing Valour into them and warning them never to fight so as that when past in the bed of Mars there may no wound be seen in their back Their common motto is Mas moros mas ganancia the more Moores the more is the gain meaning Enemies On towards Madrid with this assurance that whosoever trusts in an old Castilsan shall ever find him a friend If to my Princely Traveller the Escuriall be on his roade he will see therein a most glorious Pantheon the receptacle of sacred Ashes of Kings and Queenes of Spaine it is built under the great Altar the dores thereof are of copper mixt with ornaments in moldings of massy Gold the staires of polisht Jasâ—is the inside walls of White and Green polisht Marble the Sepulchers of white Marble placed as the Urnes of the Noble Romans in the side walls there are three on the left hand the First that of the Emperour Charles the 5th the 2d of King Philip the 2d the 3d that of King Philip the 3d that for Philip the 4th is ready prepared on the right side are the Tombes of 4 Queenes whereof Elizabeth of Bourbon is one On the Altar is a great Cross the height of a man enricht with massy gold in the midst of this Pantheon hangs a great branched Candlestick
by a Servant of their Friend to prevent presents which their own servants might receive whereby their present should become chargeable unto the friend to whom it 's sent As for Titles which prove troublesome punctillos among many King Philip the 2d perceiving that the Nobility of Burgondy and of the Catholike Netherland Provinces would quarrell about them did publish in Print a Formulary whereby to a Duke Prime Minister of State Vice-Roy and Generall of an Army is given no more then Excellence So to their Ladies and no such abuse among them as in other parts where every thing crept out of Broome-staffs and Cole-mongers Bushels will be called Madam though but striplings and no such as Earles Daughters The French call good Rich Merchants Wives Madam but they joyne to it their Surname others they call Dame Anne without the Ma. To Men they give Sir Pierce or Sir John To the King Sir as a substantive they call all men Monsieur with the Adjective of their Sir name the Kings Brother Monsieur without any addition they give no Highnesse but to the Princes of the Blood no Damoiselle but to the Kings eldest Daughter all others called Damoiselle is with the addition of their Sirname and that is more then Madame Marie a Citizens Wife the Madame without any addition are Dame Damee beginning from the Presidents Ladies vous is spoken in English you to all men and women the Soveraign and the Princes of the Blood excepted and yet sometimes as the Marshalling of words will require a Vous is used to King and Queene in Spaine never the Vos being only for Inferiours vostra Merced to equalls and betters except to those whom as before said Excellency belongs unto The King of Spaine Philip the 2d never heard Vos to him save from the proud cruell Tyrant Due d' Alua who being on his Death-bed visited by the King said I go where thou wilt come the King going out of the roome said no more then I thought I should not escape without a Vos As for the old Castillan Maxime of State it is to stick to old pretences and though an Age was elaps'd if occasion did profer they were wont to begin a new on the Old score I shall not overburthen these Notations with the severall names of Kingdoms as Castill Leon Aragon Valentia c. Nor with the Names of Cities among which the maine ones are Valledolid Salamanca Sigotia where the Mint and staple of Cloath is Sivill the great and Rich Merchant Towne There are matters of lesse note which some Travelers observe as Steeples and Sun Dyalls as that of Stratsbourgh in Germany while those curious Table-book men do omit the main end of Travell the Interest of his Native Country in his improvement in the opening the Secrets of State to Ballance them dive into their Maximes their Strength or Weaknesse and having maintained the Interest of his Patria returne well fraughted with necessaries as mâ—y serve to Postetity It 's what the Venetians do mind by their Embassages yet is it not their Maxime to keep an Embassador above three years in one place for fear of Naturalization By Visits made to them it will be easy to come to the knowledge of all passages for they keep certain enterlopers who find out any thing though but too much Importune and Impertinent in their questioning what the Councill of the King and what His Majesty doth The Polans well accustomed to Pump those forraigne Inquisitors by setting close mouthed but all Eare and Memory Masters of Ceremonies on them such as are not given to scrape Trenchers at the Embassadors Table men that can handsomely afford matter of discourse and as the Scripture saith Sermo vester semper cum gratia sit sale conditus ut sciatis quomodo oporteat vos unicuique respondere Col. 4. v. 6. The Polans were wont to keep off Embassadors so many dayes as might serve to discover by the Master of the Ceremonies the particular humour and drifts of the Embassador as during the time of the King of Blessed memory by the keeping of Sir Peter Rubens and the Portugal Embassadors there was gotten this advantage that His Majesty was ascertained that the Infanta Isabella the Arch. Dutchesse of Brabant her Letter to the Queene was as it ought to be and the Portugall Embassador had time to get the King his Masters signature altered for the Letter of Credence was signed Yo el Rey as if written to a Subject the Embassador did put to it de Portugal which made all good Soveraigne Princes are best served by such Embassadors that can in case of necessity hit the mark that do not on all occasions draw the string of their Bowe to the uttermost and overdoe their part as some overpassionate Actors on a stage when they represent a King Princes whose heart the Soveraigne of Heaven and Earth doth steere besides their Magnanimous inclinations take seldome things as the French say a la pointe de l'espeé as some Embassadors on the score of their being a Royall Representative which in a Comedy of Virionaries by the French is notably Acted by one who perswades himselfe to be an Alexander The example of the Marquis de Senneterr during his being Extraordinary Embassador to King Charles the First of Blessed memory may serve to prove the pernicious consequence of violent proceedings for that it did cause a rupture between the two Crownes of England and France the Embassador who was lodged in Durrham House caused his Bravos to accompany the English Roman Catholicks who had been at the Masse with swords drawn from the House to the street to expostulaâ—e with the Church wardens and Constables who during the Parliament time were ordered to keep the Multitude from giving Scandall when as the Embassadors men offered violence to the Officers and beat them and all this on the pretence of the Embassadors standing on the too much stretch Le Roy mon Maistre who then was at Paris and not at Durham House So is it a great Impertinency in Embassadors to make their Domicilium a Sanctuary but to their domesticks there being great difference between them and the subjects of a Soveraigne who is Master in his own Land and whose Laws are to be observed To conclude this Treaty concerning Travellers it is certain that whether men Travell or Travell not whether they satisfy their curiosity or not whether they follow the Apostles prescription to try all or not they must all dye as well as the old man of Verona who did never go out of the sight of the smoak of his Chimney and so must the Baboons the Apes the Parrats the Crocodiles and an infinite number of Bruits for the which many hundred of Leagues of good fruitfull Land in America was not made nor those various gifts wherewith it is indued The Gold and Silver Mines the Womb for the production of Pearles fixt in that part of Gods Earth all Aromatick drugs to grow not for the Nostrils of Sea Divells so called by the Americans but for the use of Rationalls and that the best use made thereof might tend to the Glory of the Creator and the good of Man FINIS