Carthagenians were first Merchants 151 Casting Lots 64 Casting money abroad 193 Cecrops 15 22 Centauri was found by Chiron 58 Ceres 68 Ceres's Image 117 Ceremonies why they were so named 214 Chaldees 46 48 Chalices of Wood 243 Chalices of silver and gold 244 Chamberlains 175 Chariots 92 Charms 61 Chances 95 Chanters 166 Chattering of birds 64 Cherry-Trees 126 Cheese making ibid. Chesse 95 Chip-Axe 147 Chiromancy 62 Chiron authour of Salves 58 Chius 95 Chrysippus 4 Chrism 197 Christ authour of our Priesthood 167 Crystal 114 Christmas Lords 195 Christening of Infants 163 Churches and Church-yards 202 Cicero 39 Circenses 97 Circumeision 161 Civil Crown 104 Civil Law 67 Cleanthes 3 Cleophantus invented colours 119 Clergy 165 Clocks 82 Cock-boat 150 Coyning 111 Comedies 34 Commendations to dead bodies 141 Common-wealth 70 Common-women 153 Communion 216 Compasse 148 Confession 219 Confirmation 197 Conjurers 166 Constantine forbade putting to death on the Crosse 203 Constantine born in England first Christian Emperour 297 Consuls of Rome 73 Corax gave rules of Rhetorick 39 Corn-sowing 123 Corona triumphalis 104 Corporaces 244 Corpus-Christi day 137 Covering of Scaffolds 143 Councils 292 Counting by nails 54 Cranes or Vernes 90 Cratus taught the Grammer in Rome 28 Cries 99 Crosse-bowes 90 Crosse-dayes 236 Crosse forbidden to be made 203 Crowns of Brazen plate 103 Crowns of divers sorts 104 Cups were crowned 104 D. DAyes of every moneth 79 Dayes turned into Feries 230 Dayes named of the Planets 231 Daphnis found the Shepherd's Carolls 32 Dardanus Trezenius 44 Darts 89 David sung in Meter 30 42 Decking of Churches 191 Declamator 39 Decrees 74 Dead bodies 139 241 Daedalus slew his Nephew 148 Dedication-dayes 237 Dedicating of Churches 205 Degrees of kindred inhibited to marry 200 Deifying of the Emperour 140 Delaying of Wines 125 Demaratus taught the Heâ—rurians Letters 25 Demaratus 120 Democrasie began in Rome 74 Democrasie 69 Democritus 11 Demosthenes 39 Denouncing the Dictator 71 Detany 59 Division of Nations 13 Divorcement 18 Diagoras 4 Dialls 81 Dialogues 47 Debutades 120 Dice 94 Dictators first in Rome 73 Dictator's Ossice ibid. Dying of Wooll 129 Dying of hair 152 Diocesses 174 Dioclesian 297 Diodorus 23 Dionysius 40 122 Diriges or Exequies 239 Disguising 195 Divers Divisions of the year 77 Divers divisions of the day 82 Divers kinds of meter 31 Divers manner of Paper 86 Diversity of speeches 12 Divisions of the night 83 Dreams 65 Drinking on Maundy-Thursday 192 Druides 46 Drumslades in Warr 45 Dulcimers 44 Dunging Land 123 E. EAster 234 Easter appointed to be kept on the Sunday 230 Easter instituted by the Apostles 233 Easter to be kept in March ibid. Eating of flesh 127 Eclipse of the Sun and Moon 50 Eggs. 128 Egyptians 49 Egyptians are superstitious 157 Egyptian Letters 23 Egyptians found Geometry 52 Egyptians found the year 76 Election of the Bishop of Rome 177 Electors of the Emperour ibid. Eleazer driveth out Spirits 61 Embring-dayes 226 Embroidering 130 Ennius called the Poets holy 29 Empedocles 38 Endymion perceived the course of the Moon 50 Enos 23 Epicarmus 24 Epicurus 4 Epicurus taught the Grammer first 28 Epulones 89 Ethiopians 21 Ethiopians opinion of man 10 Evander brought Letters into Italy 25 Even and odde 96 Eumolphus 24 Excommunication 181 Exercises 93 Extream Unction 198 F. FAmous Physitians 57 Fanes 51 Fasting 224 Faunus 3 Feasts instituted by the Apostles 235 Feasts instituted at the Council of Lyons 236 February 78 Faeciales Sacerdotes 188 Feeding of Birds 64 Ferry-Boats 151 Fetters 76 F. was taken of the Aeolians 25 F. for V. consonant ibid. Fidlers and Pipers 45 Fighting on horseback 92 Figures of Arithmetick 54 Fire 7 109 Fire and Water given in token of chastity 19 First Masse of Priests 192 First Church of the Christians 202 First Church in Rome ibid. Fishing 128 Flesh was not eaten before Noah 225 Flying of Birds 64 Five parts of Philosophy 47 Fore-heads 154 Frederick Feltrius's Library 85 Fullers craft 129 Funerals 138 Funeral Playes 94 G. GAley 150 Games 92 Garlands 103 Gates of Marble 133 Geomancy 62 Gymnosophists 46 Glasses to look in 111 Glasse 113 Glew 147 God's Nature 5 God made man 12 God what he is 6 God was the author of Lawes 68 God is made man 158 God's mercy ibid. Goddesses of favour 43 God-father and God-mother 163 God-brother and God-sister 201 Gold 107 110 Good Angels 2 Goshauke 143 Grace at meat 231 Grammer two parts 27 Gravers in Marble 134 Grecians learned in Egypt 49 Gregory established the single life of Priests 200 Greek Letters 25 Greek stories 37 Grinding 123 Guns and when they were first made 90 H. HAbergeon 89 Hallowing of the Priests Vestures 244 Hangings 130 Harness 89 Harp 108 Harp who found it 43 Hebrew letters 25 Hebrews were authors of Poetry 29 Hebrews were authours of Philosophy 47 Hebrews after Josephus found Geometry 52 Hebrews ordained Democrasie 70 Hechwall 57 Hellen found the Cross 203 Helmets 89 Herb called Balin 57 Herbs were created for man ibid. Hercules 96 Hereticks 289 Heroical Verse 31 Hiperbius 127 Hippocrates 55 Histories 36 Hoye 150 Holy bread 251 Holy-dayes 205 Holy-water 206 Honey 126 Horses 91 Hostanes wrote books of Magick 60 Hours 81 Houses 132 Hunting 128 Hunting-staves 90 Husbandry 122 I. JAcob made a league 99 January 78 Janus 22 Janus coyns of brasse 111 Javelins 89 Icarius 124 Idaei dactyli 108 Ides 80 Idolatry 20 Jehosuah 99 Iginius made first orders 170 John Baptist 209 John Guthenbergus found Printing 85 Images 115 249 Images of Kings 20 Images of Wax 191 Institution of wedlock 14 Instruments of husbandry 123 Instruments of Physick 57 Job 30 156 Joseph ibid. Iron 107 Isaac digged pits 136 Isis 21 Jubilee 281 Julius Caesar made the year perfect 78 Jupiter 3 Justes in Rome 146 Justing-Spears 89 K. KEele 150 Keeping the Sacrament in Churches 217 Kingdomes began in Egypt 69 Kings how they behaved themselves 70 Kings of Rome 72 Kings and Queens of England 184 Kings and Priests were anointed 196 Kindred inhibited to marry 200 Kissing the Bishop of Rome's feet 183 Knights wear Rings for difference 112 Knights of the Rhodes 269 Knights of St. James 270 Knights of Jesus Christ ibid. Knitting nets 129 L. LAbyrinths 136 Labourers pass the time with Songs 24 Lacedemonians manner of War 45 Lacedemonians offerings 102 Laity 164 Lamech had 2 Wives 201 Lame men may not be Priests 173 Lammas-day 237 Lamps 191 Latine stories 37 Law 66 Law for drinking of wine 184 Law-makers 68 Lawes of mourning 239 Lawes natural 66 Lead 107 Leagues 99 Leap-year 79 Legends 223 Leg-harness 89 Lent 225 Leontinus Gorgias's Image 117 Letanies 247 Letters 23 Letters to accompt withall 54 Letting of blood 59 Lever 108 Levites 66 Liberty of the old Satyres 34 Libraries 84 Licinius Calvus 75 Lycurgus 68 Lydians 110 Lighter 150 Line 147 Linnen 129 Linus 30 Livius Andronicus ibid. Looking-glasses 111 Lots 64 Lucretia 154 Lupercalia 96 M. MAgitians 46 Magi. 61 Magick 60 Mahomet's Sect. 276 Maids of
Patriarchs and Archbishops Patriarchs at the first were of Rome Antioch Alexandria Jerusalem and Constantinople Archbishops had their title to be called Metropolitans because their See was in the Mother-City of the Province 〈◊〉 the first ordained that all Patriarchs and Archbishops shouâ—d wear a Pall which which doth signifie Meekness and Justice wherewith they should especially be garnished Then also the inferiour Orders began to be divided as that the Arch-Deacon should be above a Deacon and Arch-Priest above the Priest and over them the Deans and then were ordained Canons that sing in Cathedral Churches 〈◊〉 permitted that a Bishop might change his Bishoprick for another upon an honest cause if he were thought sufficient to discharge a greater for his learning and godlinesse Caius first made a Statute that a Priest might not be Convented before a Temporal Judge but lest any man should be circumvented by fraud or guile Euâ—â—chianus instituted That the accusatiâ—â— should be put in writing before the Judge Likewise Cornelius decreed 〈◊〉 a man should not take or require 〈◊〉 oath of a Priest but onely in matterâ— concerning Religion and Faith The manner of Swearing was in olâ— time of this sort He that should sweâ—â— took a Stone in his hand and said If I deceive you that I know Jupiter banish me out of all good mens company preserving the rest of the City as I cast away this stone from me And as Pliny 〈◊〉 write it was not lawfull for any man to bear an Office five dayes unless he were sworn In like manner our Bishops Kings Priests or other Offices-swear before they be admitted to the Office Justinianne Emperour appointed first that men should swear by the Gospel and now adayes all that swear lay their hand on the book and kisse it saying So help me God and the holy Gospel because as the Gospel of our Religion and Faith may for no cause be violated so an Oath in no case may be broken The fashion of excommunicating men that be obstinate and disobedient to the Officers or common tranâ—gressors came as some think out of the Rites of the Jews which banished out of their Synagogue all those that ran in obstinacy against their Traditions And some suppose it sprung of the Religious folk in France named Druides which as Caesar recordeth if either a private man or officer were â—ot conformably ordered after their Ceremonies excluded him out of their company CHAP. IX Consecrating Nuns taking off our Caâ—kissing the Popeâ— feet and washing of feet THe custome to consecrate Virgins making a vow of chastity was 〈◊〉 by Pius the first which instituted 〈◊〉 that none should be made before 〈◊〉 were 25 years old and that they mighâ— be consecrated at no time but in the Epiphany or Twelf-day Easter Eavâ—â— and on the Feasts of the Apostles 〈◊〉 it were when any professed were 〈◊〉 point to dye And Sotherus caused 〈◊〉 a Decree was made that no such Professed should touch Cope or put Inceâ—se into the Censors the year of our Lord God 175. It seemeth to have begun 〈◊〉 the Apostles which is proved by Pauls words where he saith let no Widow be chosen before she be threescore years of age with divers like sayings Lynus Bishop of Rome commanded that no woman should enter into the Congregation or Temple with her head bare which appeareth to have been taken of the Hebrews for the Bishop iâ— the old Law might not uncover his head and in Arabia and Carthage it 〈◊〉 taken for an unhonest and unreverent thing if a Woman should uncover her head and go bare The taking off of our caps to our Superiours signifieth that we should disclose and shew them all such things as we have in our custody The Rite diabolick of Kissing the Bishop of Romes feet took its original of the manner of the Romans which in their Paganism used to kiss the feet of the people and other nobles in token of obedience as Seneca telleth how Caius Caesar stretched out his left foot that Pompeius a Carthaginian might kisse it Pompenius Laetus writeth that the Emperours used to give their hands to be kissed of the Nobles and then to take them up to kisse their mouths and the Commons kissed their knees but Cuius Caligula and Dioclesianus made them to stoop to their feet This Pagan example our Christian Bishop and Gods Vicar full uncomely and ungodly doth counterfeit All other Bishops used to deliver their right hand to be kissed of such as came to salute them For the Right hand as Pliny saith in the 11th book hath in it self a certain Religion and therefore we make all Covenants and Promises with it The manner of saluting with kisses is very ancient for it was the manner of the Hebrews to kisse strangers at their first meeting as Jacob kissed Rachel before he broke unto her that he was of kinred and Laban after he knew him to be his sisters son embraced him with his Arms and kissed him And the Romans custome was to kisse their kinsfolk but afterwards it was extended to further familiarity and is now frequented very lasciviously Albeit in Rome it was an Ordinance that Women should kiss their kinsfolk because that if Sshe had drunk any Wine contrary to the Law made against the Women for drinking of Wine by such means she might be espied Washing of feet on Maundays-Thursday that the Priests use among themselves and Nobles to inferiour persons is a counterfeit of the institute of Christ who to shew them a pattern of humility and meekness washed the Apostles feet The Kings and Queens of England that day wash the feet of so many poor men and women as they be years old and give to every of them so many pence with a Gown and an ordinary Alms of meat and kisse their feet and afterwards give their gowns on their backs to them that they see most need of all the number It is a godly institute I would there were more such Ceremonies to help the poor For they be now neglected and not regarded but lie dead often in the streets for lack of sustenance CHAP. X. The Institution of Priests called Flamines with other Religions of the Romanes NUma Pompilius the second King of Rome willing to reclaim that fierce Nation from war and Chivalry to the regard of Justice and keeping of Peace ordained to the High God Jupiter a Sacred person called Flamen Dialis that is Jupiters Priest And to advance the order he set him in a Chariot of Ivory and a costly Robe but so soon as his Wife was deceased he was discharged and gave over his Office He never road out nor might not lye one night out of the City lest any sacrifices should be neglected by such absence Swearing was clean forbidden him because an Oath is a manner of punishment to any free-born man and namely to a Priest which hath charge of all divine observances For
Bishops dayes Sanctius a King ordained the Faction of Calatranean Knights which professed the rule of the Cistercienses Of the same profession be they of the Order of Jesus Christs Knights which were instituted by John the 22th Bishop of that name in Portugall to resist the Saracens Alexandrians brotherhood of Knights in the Realm of Castile that began in Gregory the ninths time about the year of our Salvation 1240 but who was Author of them is uncertain James King of Arragon did found two sects of Knights one named of S. Mary de Mercede the office of those was to ransome such as were taken Prisoners in wars by the Turks the other Sect is called Montastan Knights and they wear a Red Cross Both these Orders Gregory the 11th did allow in the year of our Lord 1000. The Order of Minimes or least-brethren were founded by one Franciscus Poula a Sicilian after the example of Frauncis his Minorites The Apostolike brethren began in the year of our Lord 1260. by the institution of Gerardus Sagarelus in the Town named Perma in Lombardy in the time of Alexander the fourth The white sect sprung up in the Alps and descended into Italy having a Priest for their Captain But Bonifacius perceiving they should do no good to his honourable estate if they continued caused their Captain to be beheaded at Viterbium as attainted of some Heresy the year of our Lord 1400. They were a great number and did no other thing but lament the state of Mankind and bewail the sins of the people There was of this fashion both men and Women and were called the white sect because they ware white cloathing CHAP. VI. The Ninivites Assyrians Antonians and Ceremonies NO lesse superstition is in the fraternity of the Ninivites although they avant themselves to have received theâ—â— manner of living from the Apostles for the end of their doings is to work their own Salvation by deeds satisfactory to God where in deed they derogate the effect and power of Christs bloud The Rites be specified with outward holiness as often assembling to prayer hyring of Chauntry priests supporting poverty and be cloathed in sackcloath and scourge one another with whips Of this painted pennance they call themselves Ninevites as though they appeased Gods wrath in the same wise as they of Nineveh did where in deed they had hearty contrition for their offences these have but pretensed holiness and penitence They began under Clement the third the year of our Lord one thousand 285. The manner of their whipping came of the Romane sacrifices and Lupercalia whereof I spake before for they used the same custome of a superstitious opinion or if a man would be curious in bolting out of the original of their beating it may appear to have proceeded of an observance of the Egyptians For the usage was there that whilest they offered a Cow with many Ceremonies to their great Idol as Herodotus witnesseth during the burning thereof they should beat one another miserably with wands or rods The title of their fraternity came of the Romans which had divers fellowships as Sodales Titii and Fratres Arvales that sacrificed to Ceres goddess of Corn. Another sort there is not onely idle but also theevish and they be called Assyrians the same that we name commonly Egyptians These as all men have heard and many have by experience proved be so light fingered that they will find two things before they lose one The men by such pilfery theft and plain stealing and Women by Palmestry blessings with like other sorcery and witchcraft furnished with lyes seduce and deceive a great number of simple people in every Countrey and Region And because they should have more liberty to speed their purposes they say It is their vow and penance is given them to go in continual pilgrimage The occasion that these vagabonds stray thus abroad came of an old Idol that they worshipped in their Paganism named the Goddess of Syria wherewith they used to gad from place to place to beg money wine milk cheese corn and other stuff as Apuleius writeth The same people now they be christened play their parts in like manner with sundry subtilties and what they get by lying picking stealing bribing they make money of and so return home laughing to scorn all those simple persons that they have thus deceived Seeing all other superstitions be abolished and rooted up it is pity that this should take still effect and be unpunished The Antonians were a counterfâ—iâ— of Anthony's perfection but they differ as much from his holiness as white fâ—om black they have a T. on their breast that meaneth Tolle teaching them to take what they can get be it Cow Ox Calf or Pigg for they offer Swine to him as they did sacrifice sheep to Bell in Babylon they were instituted in the year of Christ 324. The Ceretanes began in Ceretum a City of Vmbria and they ever used to go a begging at the latter end of Harvest when the Barns were stuff'd with corn and so like drones devour that which other have gotten with the sweat of their browes Of these valiant beggers there be in every place a great many but I cannot tell what time they were instituted and how soon they be put down it skilleth not CHAP. VII The originall of Mahomet's Sect. OF all these superstitious Sects before rehearsed there is not one so diabolical as the Sect of Mahometans as well for the filthiness of all unlawfull lusts as other outragious naughtinesse that they occupied daily to the great endamaging of Christendome and encrease of their own infidelity Of this unreverent religion Mahomet a Noble-man born in Arabia or as some report in Persia was authour his father was an Heathen Idolater and his Mother an Ismaelite wherefore she had more perceivance of the Hebrewes law This wicked plant brought up and fostered under his Parents and instructed like a mungrell in either of their lawes became expert and of a ready wit And after the death of his father and mother he was in houshold with one Abdemonaples an Ismaelite which put him in trust with his merchandise and other affairs and after his decease he married his Mistress a Widow There he fell in acquaintance with the Monk Sergius an heretick of Nestorius's sect that fled from Byzance into Arabia and by his counsell and advice this Mahomet about the year of our Lord five hundred and twenty and the twelfth year of the reign of the Emperour Heraclius began in Arabia to found a new sect and by seditious Sermons seduced much and many Countries He conquered by help of the Arabians divers Lands and subdued them as Tributaries and compelled them to live after the tradition of his laws that he gathered out of the New and Old Testaments and divers heresies of Nicolaites Manichees and Sabellians He dyed the 40th year of his age and his body was carried
where the Priests were customably shaven in token of sorrow and heavinesse for the death of their God Apis. And they were also shaven daily because they should be without filth in their quotidian Sacrifice The signification of the Priests crouns is to declare that they ought to reject terrene and Earthly substance reserving to themselves onely a competent sufficiency Anacletus first forbad Priests to have beards or long hair Siricus decreed that all those men that were twise married or wedded a Widow should be no Priests Anastasius commanded that none that was lame or maimed should be admitted to be a Priest Bonifacius instituted That no man could be a Priest before he were 30 years old for that was the age of Priests in the old Law But the Council of Laterane thought it sufficient if he were 25 years old after the example of the Levites which at that age ministred in the Tabernacle Anacletus also appointed that every Bishop should be installed and consecrated of other ancient Bishops CHAP. VI. Who devised Parishes and Diocesses the Order of Cardinals Notaries and Chamberlains AFter that the Priesthood was ordained both lest the cure should be over-great and also that every man might know what his charge was and ho far his Office extended Dionysius the year of our Lord 267 divided both in Rome and other places Churches Church-yards and Parishes to Curates and Diocesses to Bishops and commanded every man should be contented with his prescript bounds But before that Euaristus appointed titles of Cures to the Priests in Rome whose duty was to christen all that were converted from Paganism to Christian Religion and resorted thithen 〈◊〉 received â—he faith and to bury the dead And afterward Marcellus decreed that there should be 〈◊〉 in number These because they were the chief Priests in Rome and had the prerogative before the rest were named Cardinals and of them without doubt the order of Cardinals sprung first which for as much as they were in daily presence with the Bishop of Rome that then had the primary oâ— of Christ endome were had in great reputation and reverence And Innocentius the fourth of that name which was about the year of our Lord 1â—54 willing to augment and advance their dignity commanded by 〈◊〉 that from thenceforth they should riâ—â— when they came to the Bishop's Palace and wear a red hat whereby was mean that they ought to be in â—â—â—endinesse to adventure themselves for the love of Religion and spend their blood in Christ's Cause and Paulus Bishop ordained that they should have Scarlet Robes or Kirtells This order standeth of three sorts for some be Bishops and be in number sâ—x The Cardinals of Hostia Sabine Portua Tusculane Prenestine and Albane The other were either Priests or Deacons albeit in no certain or speciall number But there is another Order in Rome of Notaries which were appointed by Julius the first of that name to write the Acts of all godlâ— Martyrs and Confessors and register them for a perpetual example of constant and vertuous living Albeit I think it rather to be the invention and device of Clement which ordained seven Notaries to inroll the notable deeds of Martyrs And Antherius after did more firmly ratifie it Also Leo the first a godly and well disposed man seeing the people repair thither from all parts of the world for pardon appointed certain Officers of the Priests whom he named Chamberlains to keep the Tombs and Sepulchres of the Apostles and Martyrs that they perceiving the holy reverence about the Apostles graves might be more enflamed with devotion But all such Offices be now perverted and turned from that godly purpose to a vain worldly ostentation and pomp and be ready Merchandise in Rome the promotions be so grear CHAP. VII The Prerogatives of the Bishop of Rome and his Election ONe special Prerogative and Priviledg of the Bishop of Rome iâ— that he may change his name if it seem to him not very pleasant to his ears As to speak merrily if he be a malefactoâ—â— he may call his name Bonifacius if he be a coward he may be called Leo for a Carter Vrbanus and for a cruel man Clemens if nocent Innocentius if ungodly Pius This was the ordinance of Sergius and they say they do it after the example of Christ which changed Simon Barjona his name into Peter and of this it came to passe that every Bishop when he was elected chose the name of one of his predecessours The Bishop of Rome is also born on mens shoulders which custome came of the election of Stephanus the second whom the people for his great vertue and godlinesse with much joy of the election bare on their shoulders The manner of the pomp of bearing was admitted but the imitating and following of his vertue and sincere living was omitted Albeit it might spring of a gentile custome that was among the Romans that every rich man or high Potentate should be born of his servants in a bed The authority to choose the Bishop of Rome belonged first to the Emperour of Constantinople and the Deputy of Italy till the time of the Emperour Constantine which licenced the Cardinals and the people of Rome to elect him This was about the year of Christ 685. A few years after Gregory the third with other his Successours when they were vexed by the Lombards seeing they could not have ready help of the Emperour of Constantinople required ayd of Charls Martelle Pippin and Charls the Great King of France For which benefits Leo the third made and denounced Charlemain Emperour and gave him authority to ratifie and confirm the election of the Bishop of Rome but Nicholas the second rerestrained the election onely to the Cardinals which custome remaineth at this day The great possessions that the Bishopâ— of Rome have contrary to the example of Christ whose Vicars they name themselves and Peter's poverty their predecessor were given them by 〈◊〉 and Lâ—wiâ— Emperours And yet notwithstanding all that large benigniâ—y and kindnesse shewed to him and his Auncestors John the 12th made Othâ— King of Germany Emperour and afterward Gregory the third a Gerâ—â—â— born for to gratifie the Emperoâ—â— his Countryman Decreed that the 〈◊〉 shops of Mogunce Treverance and Câ—â—len the Marquess of Brandenburgh 〈◊〉 County Palatine Duke of Saxony and King of Bohemia should have full power to choose the Emperour about the year of our Lord 1002. Thus the Bishops of Rome have been inhanced in worldly power that they think themselves equal with Princes Kings and Emperours But as it was falsly Usurped so shall it by the Word of God be rooted out and extirpateds as an unprofitable Tree CHAP. VIII The dividing of Priests into sundry degrees A manner of Swearing and Excommunication GRegory sirnamed the Great where before time Priests and chief Priests 〈◊〉 onely used in the Congregation first divided them into
his word should have the weight of an Oath I could wish that our Bishops would mark and follow both those properties of these Heathen Religions for then the state of our Religion should be better case then it is and others would not enforce so lightly a Priest to the necessity of an oath which should have no other terms but yea and nay to confirm or deny their saying Beside this Flamin that was called Dialis because he was consecrated to Jupiter there were by the same Numa ordained two other one to Mars another to Quirine albeit Plutarch saith it was Romulus that instituted Priests to Jupiter and Mars Virgins Vestall were of his bringing in also and founded in honour of Vesta daughter to Saturnus The first that ever was chosen into that Religion was called Aâ—â—ata and of her all were named likewise A maid might not be under six years of age nor above ten if she were created of this Religion These continued in their profession thirty years where of the first ten they spent in learning the Rites the other ten they ministred and the last of their years they taught other Novices and when her term of years was expired she might marry or tarry in that Religion still They were found at the charges of the common chest and if any of them committed any carnal act with any man she was born in the sight of all the people out of the City and at the gate named Collina was buried quick They rode in a Wagon and other Magistrates rode to them and if they came by in time of execution the condemned was quite delivered This Religion began at Alba by the institution of Ascanius and was renued in Rome by King Numa A high Bishop was instituted also by him to have the chief stroke in all ceremonies of Sacrificing and he prescribed the dayes and places of Sacrifices and in what form they should be done He ordained also to Gradivus Mars twelve Priests named Salii because they danced in a solemn manner and went about the City with songs They ware an embroidered coat with a Brazen Breast-plate and a round Tergate It seemeth that Numa took this Rite from the Hebrews for David went before the Ark of the Lord dancing Heraulds of Arms which were called Feciales Sacardotes were ordained by him to provide that no battle were unjustly taken in hand they also made leagues established Peace or if it were not duely made they might break it and offer oblation for the offence of the Captain and the hole Army Pater Patraetus was an Officer that made all leagues or Bonds and was created by the Heraulds as Marcus Valerius first Herauld ordained Spurius Fusius first in the office of Pater Patratus After the expulsing of Kings an office called Rex Sacrificulus was appointed which should do all such customable observances as the Kings should do Albeit it was under the High Priest or Bishop the first thaâ— did bear that office was Marcus Papirius Epulones had the Office of appointing feasts and solemn Bankets to Jupiter and the other gods these were also called Sodales Titii which were ordained by Romulus after he joyned fellowship with Titus Tatius The End of the Fourth Book Polidore Virgil. The Fifth BOOK CHAP. I. Of the decking of Churches on Holy-dayes offering of Images of Wax and Tables of Miracles solemnizing first Masses of Priests THere be many superstitious Customs crept in among Christian Congregations which camâ— of an Ethnick opinionâ— and because they could not altogether be abolished and extirpated yet they were transposed to a better use and removed from Idolatry to the â—â—â—â—shing of Churches and Temples of 〈◊〉 faithfull people As trimming of 〈◊〉 Temples with hangings flowrs â—â—â—ghes and garlands was taken of the Heathen people which decked their Idols and houses with such array In like manner it is to be thought of the the of hanging up Images of Wax and Tapers before Saints or as often as any member is diseased to offer the same in 〈◊〉 as leggs arms feet Paps Oxen Horse or sheep which were hanged up in the Church before that Saint by whom as they believed they had obtained health of the said member or â—east for this came of an old Heathenish fashion of sacrifices that the Pagans offered to Saturnus and Pluto in an Isle of Italy named Cotillia whereof I spake before I think the bearing of Candles that we use on the Feast of the Purification of our Lady called Candlemas-day came of this Gentile rite also that in burning them we might worship the Saints as they honoured their false god Saturn It seemeth that Lamps and hanging lights began of the Candles that Moses set up to burn in the Tabernacles The fastening up of Tables wherein the Miracles are written for â— Monument and testimony to the posterity came of a custome as Strabo writeth that is used in Greece where the manner is that whosoever was relieved of any sicknesse or malady should hang up a Table containing the recovery of his health in the Temple of that God that had preserved him and especially there were many set up in Aesculapluâ—â— Temple at Epidaurus The use of feasting on holy-dayes and at the first Masse of Priests was borrowed also of the Gentiles which honoured the day of consecrating their Religious as solemnly at the day of their Nativity with devour and religious breakfasts and feasts calling it the Native day of their sacred personages whereof Apulâ—ius maketh mention And it is a good usage because the day of the birth bringeth but onely life the day of consecrating a Priest bringeth or else ought to procure a good and godly life Albeit 〈◊〉 Maundy-Thursday hath been the manner from the beginning of the Church to have a general drinking as appeareth by S. Paul's writing to the Corinthians and Tertullian to his Wife CHAP. XI The manner of casting money to the people New-Years gifts Dancing Maying Christmas Lords IT smelleth also of Gentility that the Bishop of Rome Emperours and Kings at their Coronation are wont to scatter money among the Commons and make Royal feasting which is a pretence or sign of the beneficence or liberality that is to come afterwards For the old Romans used the same order and institution in their Triumphs Games and Funerals as Suetonius recordeth Presenting of New-years gifts had its original thence likewise for Suetonius Tranquillus reporteth that the Knights of Rome gave yearly on the Kalends of January a present to Augustus Caesar although he were absent Which custome remaineth in England for the Subjects send to their Superiours and the Noble personages give to the Kings some great gifts and to gratify their kindnesse he doth liberally reward them with some thing again But I commend more the manner of the Italians for there the richest and most noble give to the poor inferiours it is a signification of good and prosperous fortune of all the whole year following The
Decree made in the Council had at Lions in France and furthermore commanded that such dayes as either the holy Saints departed this life or else wrought any miracle or did any notable deed to the encrease of our Reâ—igion should be kept holy because Christians might have more opportunity to hear the Word of God and more devoutly serve him in an uniform order Then were instituted the Feasts of Saint Stephen Innocents Sylvester John Baptist the Apostles dayes Conversion of Paul our Lady-dayes Laurence Michael Martine and generally of Al Saints which was the constitution of Bonifacius the fourth For he caused that the Temple which Marcus Agrippae did edifie in honour of all the Romans Idols as the name Pantheon doth pretend was by the license of Phocas then Emperour turned into the Church of All-hallows and consecrated the 12th day of May and Gregory the fourth afterward willed it to be kept the first day of November The Feasts of the Invention and Exaltation of the Cross and Corpus Christi day were dedicated by Urban the fourth and pronounced for holy-dayes Sylvester at the suit and instance of the Emperour Constantine assigned the day of ad vincula Sancti Petri called commonly Lammas in memorial of Peter's pains persecution and punishment that he suffered for Religion Felix the first to magnifie the glorious commendation of Martyrs made a Statute that a yearly oblation should be had in memorial of them and Gregory would that Masse should be said over their bodies which thing Vigilantius thought worthy to be rejected and refused albeit the report goeth that Anacletus was of this constitution the first Authour The same Felix instituted first That the day whereon any Temple was dedicated should be hallowed of that Village or Town and made also a law That such Churches as men doubted of whether they were consecrated or no should be hallowed again And Felix the fourth did ordain That Bishops onely should dedicate them and that the same dedicated day should be kept holy yearly afterward The fashion to deify men that had done any benefits to the Common-wealth is one of the most ancient usages that I read of For antiquity even from the beginning was accustomed to make gods of their Kings which either by abundance of benefits or notable qualities and prowess had won the hearts of their Commons And specially the Romans did that with great pomp and many observances as I did declare before in the third book out of Herodian Of them our Bishops learned as by a pattern their rite of canonizing Saints and the yearly sacrifices that Gregory and Felix appointed concerned nothing else but to declare that those Martyrs were Saints and of the houshold of God Last of all Alexander the third ordained That no such divine solemnity should be given to any man openly without he were canonized and admitted to be a Saint by the Bishop of Rome his Bull because no man should choose himself any private Saint or commit any peculiar Idolatry CHAP. VII Institution of years dayes or Obites and the manner of mourning FUneral exequies that be done over dead bodies were the institution of Pelagius Albeit Isidorus ascribeth the original of it to the Apostles and he himself did augment the Rites that we use in this time Ambrose supposeth that it proceeded of the custome of the Hebrews which lamented Jacob fourty dayes and Moses the space of thirty dayes for that time is sufficient for the wise to weep in It was also the usage of antient Romanes to mourn For Numa Pompilius assigned Oblations to the infernal gods for the dead and did inhibite that a child under the age of three years should be bewailed and that the elder sort should be mourned no more Moneths then he had lived years But commonly the longest time of a Widows mourning was but ten Months and if any were married within the space again it was counted a great reproach wherefore Numa ordained that such as had mourned up before the day limitted should offer a Cow that was great with Calf for an expiation Neverthelesse if that rite were used now a dayes and namely in England we should have small store of Veals there be so many that marry within the time prescribed Plutarch writeth that the Women in their mourning layed a part all Purple Gold and sumptuous apparel and were cloathed both they and their Kinsfolk in white apparel like as then the dead body was wrapped in white cloths The white colour was thought fittest for the dead because it is clear pure and sincere and least defiled and when the time of their weeping was expired they put on their other vestures Of this Ceremony as I take it the French Queens took occasion after the death of their Husbands the Kings to wear onely white cloathing and if there be any such Widdow she is commonly called the white Queen The Jews ended their mourning after thirty days and Englishmen keep the same Rite Their mourning garments for the most part be altogether of black colour and they use to wear them a whole year continually unlesse it be because of a generall Triumph or rejoycing or new Magistrate choosing or else when they be towards Marriage But the custome of mourning is no other thing then meer superstition specially if women or men have a louring look and a laughing heart For all such lamentation helpeth nothing the dead Corps or Soul of the deceased and disquieteth sore the living The manner of washing dead bodies and specially of Noble men and anointing them was received of our Ancestry which used to wash the bodies of the dead and it was the office of them that were nearest of his Kinred to do it Soul-Masse day that is the second day of November was begun by Odilo that was Provost or Provinciall of the Monks of Cluniacenses order upon the occasion that he heard about Aetna the burning Mountain of Sicily oftentimes great weeping lamentation and crying which he supposed to be the yelling of evill spirits that bewailed because the Souls of dead men were taken from them by the petitions and sacrifices of well disposed Christians therefore he perswaded his covent in the time of John Bishop of Rome to make a general obite of all Souls the day next after the Feast of all Saints About the year of onâ— Lord 1002 our fathers received it as a godly institution full of pitiful charity and thus by processe of this Monks supposition sprung much vain superstition CHAP. VIII Of the seventh day thirtieth day old manner of burial hallowing Chalices Priests Garments with other things HOratius the Poet and Servius write that the Romans used câ—stomably the ninth day after the burial to renew the sacrifices and solemn rites of the funeral which they named in Latine Novem-diales of this we in our Religion have gathered the fashion of keeping the seventh day with Exsequies and other ordinary oblations And in England the
Cypres 152 Maids of Rome and Greece 19 Maying 193 Marjoram 59 Malcolm King of Scots 17 Manner of divers Nations in Marriages 15 Manner of reckoning years 53 Mantil 130 Manumission 71 Marble 133 March 77 Marcus Cato banished Physitians out of Rome 56 Marcus Valerius ordained a Diall in Rome 82 Mary the Virgin dyed 160 Marriage began in Paradise 15 Marriage of divers Nations ibid. Marriage of Priests 198 Marius 75 Mars author of Chivalry 88 Martyrs 294 Masques 153 194 Messagetes 15 Masse the parts thereof 214 Masts 151 Matches 109 Mattins Prime and Hours 221 Measures and Weights 53 Meats forbidden on Fasting-dayes 231 Melissus 21 Melting brass 108 Memory of Martyrs 237 Menander 35 Men deified 2 237 Men lived by Acorns 123 Men of great memory 87 Men were first called Christians in Antioch 159 Men were sacrificed by the Gentiles 204 Men wrote in plates 86 Menon 23 Mercury 38 48 68 Mercury found the Concordes 41 Mercury found the Harp 43 Mercurius Trismegistus appointed 12 hours in the day 81 Mettals 107 Meter divers kinds thereof 31 Mice engender of the mudd 10 Milk 128 Minister 166 Minos 68 Minos had the first rule on the Sea 149 Myrrhe 114 Moly 58 Monarchy 69 Moneths 79 Money 110 Monks 257 Morispikes 89 Moses 24 29 103 Moses did promulgate the first Laws 68 Moses did write the first story 36 Moses found the trump 45 Moses ordained divorcements 18 Motleys 130 Moulds 121 Mourning 239 Mourning is superstitious Hypocrisie 241 Mummius destroyed Corinth 120 Murall crown 104 Musick 40 Musick maketh a man effeminate 42 N. NAbles 44 Naked games 94 Nasamones 17 Nature gave Musick to men 40 Nature of Oyl 196 Navall Crown 104 Necromancie 62 Nemi 94 Neptunus 2 Neptunus had the Empire of the Sea 149 Nero first persecutor 296 Netts 129 New-Years gifts 193 Night sacrifices are abolished 229 Nilus doth overflow Egypt 51 Niâ—us did enlarge his Empire 70 Noah made the first Altar 165 Noah planter of the Vine 125 Noon 82 Nonas 80 Notaries 175 Numa added to the year 78 Numbers 53 Nunnes 182 259 O. OBelisci 141 Observing of dayes 48 Observing of dyet was beginning of Physick 54 Obsidional Crown 104 Occasion of Idolatry 20 Ochus 46 Odde and even 96 Offering 191 Office sold in Rome 176 Oyl 196 Oyntments 105 Olympiades 93 Olive-Oyl 126 One God 6 Opinion of Philosophers 3 Opinion of the birth of of man 9 Oracle 115 Oracles doubtfull 2 Oracles ceased at Christ's coming 206 Orator 39 Order of Cardinals 175 Order of Manumission 71 Oresteus 124 Organie 59 Orpheus 22 30 40 46. Original of Heathen Gods 1 Otho a German made Emperour 178 P. PAinting 118 Palamedes array 89 Pallas 3 Pamphilia 130 Panase 58 Pancias 103 Paper 86 Parchment ibid. Pardons 282 Parishes 173 Parts of Rhetorick 39 Parts of the night 83 Partâ—ians 57 Paschal Candles 234 Patriarchs 179 Paul is converted 160 Peacock 128 Pelagius caused Subdeacons to forsake their Wives 200 Penitencers 266 Pensil 119 Pentecost 235 Persecutors 297 Peter and Philip had Wives 199 Peter crucified 160 Peter converted three thousand 159 Phedon 110 Pherecides 37 Phidias 118 Philip Emperour proclaimed an heretick 249 Philosophy 46 Philosophy in three parts 47 Pyrrhus dance 94 Physitians famous 57 Physick 54 Phonoreus 68 Pillars 133 Pirodes struck fire out of flint 109 Piromancy 62 Pisistratus made the first book 84 Pythagoras called himself a Philosopher 47 Pythagoras observed the Day-star 50 Pits who digged them 136 Playes or Shews 92 Plato 8 Pliny 23 Plough 123 Plucking out of Teeth 55 Poets 112 Poets be called holy of Aeneas 29 Poetry ibid. Pole-axes 89 Polignotus 118 Punishment for Adultery 16 153 Punishment for omitting Oblations 204 Pontifex Maximus 187 Possessions permitted to the Clergy 252 Posthumius 102 Potters craft 120 Potters frame 121 Prayer 207 Preaching 208 Price of Writs 284 Priest's age 173 Priests 168 Priests first Masse 192 Priests of Egypt 128 Priests of Egypt wrote stories 37 Priesthood 165 Primitive Church 169 Prime 80 Prince Electours 178 Printing 85 Prisons 76 Prognostications 52 Prometheus 111 Prophesying 63 Prose 37 Protagoras 4 Psalter of David 30 Psammeticus 10 Ptolemeus's Libraries 84 Pultries 128 Purification of women 201 Purple colour 131 Purple robe 196 Q. QThe Letter 26 Quarrels 90 R. RAmmers 90 Readers 166 Reading the Bible at meat 231 Riding of horses 91 Reckonings 53 Reconciliation of Churches 237 Regals 44 Religion 13 156 Reliques 279 Repentance a remedy for sin 218 Rhetorick 38 Right hand 183 Ringing to Service 245 Rites of burying 138 Rites of Marriage 18 Royal Ornaments 75 Romans burned their dead bodies 139 Romans League 99 Rome made orders 170 Romulus 72 Romulus ordered the year 77 Rowing in Boats 150 151 Rudders ibid. Rue 59 Ruling the Common-wealth 69 S. SAbbath-dayes of the Jews 232 Sacrament of the Altar 217 Sacrifices 227 Sailes 150 Solomon 136 Solomon made the first Temple 202 Salt 128 Saluting with kisses 184 Sanctuaries 142 201 Sand Diall 82 Satyres 34 Saturnalia games 97 Saturnus Father of the gods 4 Savery 59 Saw 148 Scaffolds 143 Scarlet robes 175 Schisms 290 Scythians League 100 Scribes 284 Selandine 59 Senio 95 Servius Tullius 111 Secretaries 285 Seth's posterity 49 Sextons 166 Shafts 90 Shalmes 44 Shaven Crowns 171 Ships 150 Shoo-makers craft 130 Silk ibid. Sylla 75 Silver 107 Silver coyned in Egina 110 Silvester commanded That a Priest should have but one Wife 199 Simony 287 Simonides 5 Singing Psalmes by course 222 Singing to the Lute 44 Single-livers 17 Sithes 90 Slings ibid. Smith's Forge 108 Socrates 42 Solicitors 285 Sol. 81 Soul-masse day 241 Somners 285 Sons of Noah 13 Sons of Seth found the Letters 24 Sodering of Iron 108 Spears 89 Speaking of the Nature of God is dangerous 5 Spindles 129 Spinning 130 Spirits 60 Spurius Carilius 18 Squire 147 Stations 281 Stalling a Bishop 17â— Staves 8â— Steeples 137 13â— Stephen is martyred 15â— Stars of what poweâ— they be 48 Stewes 152 29â— Stocks 7â— Story of a King's daughter 1â— Striking of the Clock 82 Subsidies and taxes 76 Succession of Priesthood 166 Superstition turned into Religion 227 Supplications 247 Susanna 154 Swearing 181 Swine commended in sacrifices 127 Swords 89 Sword-players 98 T. TAbles 94 Talus 95 Tapers 191 Targets 89 Taxes or subsidy that they pay which have benefices 285 Telesphorus did appoint Lent to be kept before Easter 226 Tennis 94 Tents 135 Texts proving Confession 220 Thales 3 77 Theatres 142 Themistocles 42 Theodosius commanded That no Crosse should be graven on the ground 203 Theseus first Tyrant 71 Thessaly used Magick 60 Thracians fashion of burying 139 Three strings in the Harp 43 Three Masses on Christmas-day 215 Tile and Slate 132 Tyrians were cunning Capentersr 148 Tisias gave rules of Rhetorick 39 Tithes 25â— Titles of Bishops of Rome 283 Tongues 108 Towers 135 Tragedies 32 Tragos ibid. Transfigurations 235 Tribunes 74 Triumphs 101 Trix 33 True Fast 225 Truce for years 99 Tubal-Cain 40 88 108 Turning our faces Eastward 208 V.
be sold Cadmus found Gold Melting Brasse Smiths â—orge Idei Dactili Sothering of Iron Pirodes stroke fire out of Flint Gold in Rome Janus coyns of Brasse Looking-Glasses Sidon Prometheus Rings served to Seal Letters Aman might have but one Ring Rings were worn on the left hand Vermilion Myrrh Crystal Hercules Wood-bridg The Arcadians manner An Oracle Prometheus made Images Ceres Image of Brasse M. Attilius made the first Image of Gold in Rome Phidias Augustus Seal Polygnotus The beginning of painting Cleophantus invented colours Potters craft Dibutades Worker of Clay Mummius destroyed Corinth Demeratus Potters frame Husbandry Dionysius Triptolemus Men lived by Acorns Baking and grinding Dunging land Yoking Oxen Plough Instruments of Husbandry Wine Oresteus Noáh planter of the Vineyard Olive-Oyl Making Cheese Gargorius Gathering honey Adam named Beasts Hiperbius Abel Eating of Flesh Priests of Aegypt Banquets Beasts that be Badges Adam made the first coat of Leather Shoomakers craft Embroidring Spinning and Weaving Silk Hercules Tiro Houses Making Walls of Houses Pallas invented Building Blessing of â—ouses Gravors in Marble Occasion of making Cities Cecropia Argos Diospolis Isaac digged Pits Four Labyrinths Mausoleum Artemesia The Romans burned their dead bodies Sylla Women had Commendations in Rome Rameses Ptolomeus The manner of Writing in Egypt Romulus Covering of Scaffolds First Justing in Rome Private Baths Common-Bâ—ths Notable Baths How the Saw was found Daedalus slew his Nephew for envy The Tyrians were cunning Carpenters Who was ruler on the Sea first Neptune Erichthras devised Boats Noah made the first ship Philosophers were Merchants Carthaginians first Merchants Dionysius taught the Trade of Merchandise The Hebrews did buy and sell Hebrews did buy and sell Venus a common woman Spu. Posthumius abrogated Bacchus's Feasts Common women were of long time Our Religion began of the Hebrews Enos called first on God Moses delivered the Israelites from bondage Gods mercy is shewed God is made Man What year Christ was incarnate Christ was persecuted to death The year of Christs Death and Resurrection The Holy Ghost is sent Peter Converted three thousand Stephen is martyred Men were first called Christians in Antioch Peter Bishop of Antioch Mary the Virgin dyed Paul is converted Paul was beheaded Peter was crucified Circumcision Abraham is circumcised Why the blood was shed The second Circumcision Other Countries do circumcise What Circumcision signifieth John Baptist author of Baptism When Lay-men may Christen Three Baptisms The old custome of baptizing Aaron first Priest Noah made the first Altar Succession in Priesthood Christ Authour of our Priest-hood Spiritual Priest-hood All Christian men are Priests Second Priest-hood is a Ministery The manner of consecrating in the Apostles time Laying on of hands The fashion of the Primitive Church A Bishops office Scripture beareth these Rome made more Orders Iginius did devise first Orders The Office of a Priest The shaven Crown is the Priests badge Occasion of shaving of Crowns Peter was mocked for his baldness Shaven Crowns came of the Nazarens Priests of Egypt were shaven What the Crown signifieth Lame men may not be Priests The age of Priests Stalling a Bishop Cures in Rome Cardinals Innocentius Cardinal Hatts Order of Cardinals The Bishop of Rome may change his name Sergius invented the changing of his name Election of the Bishop of Rome The Empire is removed into France by Bishops of Rome Charls gave the Lands to the See of Rome Otho a German is made Emperour Princes Electors Decree by the Bishop of Rome The Pall is decreed to the Patriarchs Changing of Bishopricks A Priest might not be convented Excommunication The age of Nuns at their profession Nuns might touch no coap nor Incense Women may not be bare head in the Church Taking off of Caps Kissing the Bishop of Romes feet Saluting With Kisses Washing of feet on Maundy Thursday Flamen Dialis Pontifex maximus Offering Images of Wax or Tapers ☞ Drinking on Maundy-Thursday Casting of money abroad The laudable manner of the Italians Kings and Priests were anointed Purple Robe is the difference of the Emperour Aaron and Saul first anointed Anointing of children Christned The manner of confirming Extream Unction When a Priest might not marry Bishops married Maids A Priest might but once marry Paphnutius withstood the Council of Nice Gregory established the single life of Priests Decrees of kindred inhibited Purification of women after Child-bearing Solomon made the first Temple First Church in Rome Abraham ordained the first place of Buriall Constantine forbade putting to death on the Cross Hellen found the Crosse of Christ Cain and Abel sacrificed first Men were sacrificed by the Gentiles Punishments that they suffered for omitting the oblations Dedicating of Churches Oracles ceased at Christ's coming Prayer was at the beginning Christ prescribed a Prayer The institution of the Sacrament Alexander decreed that the Sacrament should be consecrated of sweet bread The old Rite of consecrating S. Hierome did devide the Epistles and Gospels Washing of the hands Blessing with Chalices Ceremonies Masse must be said in places consecrated Corner-Masses be forbidden Daily Communion Vncharitable persons were interdicted from service Keeping the Sacrament ment in Churches We be reconciled by Christ. Repentance a remedy of sin Desperation is forbidden Innocentius did ordain Confession to the Priest Apuleius de a simo an reo libro 11. Pelagius charged Priests to say Mattins daily Singing of Psalms by course Our common singers rebuked Uses in the service Flesh was not eaten before Noah Example of Fasting Telesphorus did appoint it before Easter Superstition turned into Religion Egyptians Rite in Watches Night Sacrifices are abolished Diagundas Dayes were turned into Feries Easter is appointed on the Sunday White meats is forbidded on Fasting dayes Sabbath-dayes of the Jews Holy-dayes Works due for the holy dayes Easter is instituted by the Apostles Eastet is to be kept in March S. John kept the Jewes Easter Easter Feasts instituted by the Apostles Feasts instituted at the Council of Lions Reconciliation of Churches The Pope must hallow Saints Ten Months was the common time of Wedding Expiation of hasty Marriages French Queens in their Widdow-hood wear white cloathing Mourning is superstition and Hypoorisy Marriage vows renewâ—d Buriall is an end of all things Chalices of Wood. Chalices of Glasse Ringing to Service Tolling the Ave-Bell Vows came of the Hebrews Abagarus Philip Emperour is proclaimed an Heretick Luke 11. Christ alloweth Tythes First-fruits were offered of divers Countries Possessions are permitted to the Clergy Beginning of Religion Paul the Hermite Religion hath grown to superstition Bennet builded an Abbey at Cassinum Three Vows Basilius ordained Eusebius of Cremonenâ—es The Order of Cannons or Hermites Carmelites cloathing is changed Dominick is Canonized Francis is made a Saint Grave-keepers or Sepulchre-Knights Knights of the Rhodes Templer-Knights Dutch-Lords Knights of St James Knights of St Mary de Mercede Mountesians Apostolike brethren Rites of Ninevites An usage of the Egyptians Crafâ—s of the Eygptians The Egyptians excuse Goddess of Syria Libro 8. deasmo aureo Ceretanes play in Summer and beg in Winter Many Bishops of Rome suffered Martyrdome Pardons were profitable to the purse Jubilee sent into all Countries Titles of the Bishop of Rome Christs greeting The Hebrews saluting Bulls sealed with Lead Carolus Magnus sealed first with Gold A general decree of Annates Simon profered mony for to have power to give the Holy Ghost Simon was made a god Simon â—did fly in the Ayre Simon brake his Leg. John did write his Gospel against Hebion Schisms of later times Matthias elected by a Council Council of Nicea Council at Constantinople Council at Ephesus Council at Chalcedon Council at Bizance Christ was a witnesse of the truth Stephen disputed with all the Learned men of Jâ—wry Stephen is stoned to death Stephen first open defender of our faith Nero first persecutor of of all the Heathen Princes Half Rome was burned by Nero. Persecution done by the Emperour Dioclesian made the greatest Persecution Constantinus first defended the Christian Faith Stephen was the first Martyr The several materials of Buttons Short Coats Cloaks Bezoar It s power Alchymy Latten â— A Saphyre made white Tin like Silver Aqua-fort is Cupella Whether Alchymy be lawful or not
The Crouch or Crosse Friers began about the year of our Lord 1215. by the device of Syracus Bishop of Jerusalem which shewed Helen mother of Constantine where the Crosse lay hid and in memorial of the Cross he caused this brotherhood and Colledge of Friers to bear the Cross and yet they never knew what the Cross weighed in their bodies or in their hearts and forasmuch as they were sore wasted Innocentius the third renewed the Religion CHAP. IV. Black and Grey-Fryers the Trinity-orderâ— Brigidians Jesuits new Hermites and Bonhomes ABout the time of Innocentius the third arose two famous founders of two superstitious Sects I mean Dominick the Spaniard and Francis the Italian of the Country of Vmbria Dominick at the first was a Canon but because he could not suffer to have a superiour and was also weary of the Cloyster he invented a new fraternity named Dominicans Black-Fryers or Fryers-Preachers because they had the charge to preach the Gospel without mixture of any Pharisaical leven The new guise of their Vesture made innocent Innocentius to wonder But Honorius the third by his Bull honourably admitted them the year of our Lord 1220 and Gregory the 9th put the matter all out of doubt canonized Dominick and by his Bull under Lead allowed him for a Saint Frances that was first of the Friers Augustines thinking that sect not to be sufficiently furnished with Hypocrisie began a new trade of living in the Mount Appenninus in a place named commonly Laverna doubtless a ground worthy for such a foundation as was beside the Word of God it was set up in the time of Honorius aforesaid They were named Minoribes of the humility and lowliness of heart that they should have but that was smally regarded and farthest from their study Two years after the year of our Lord God 1229 Francis was sanctified by Gregory and made a Saint Francisoans afterward fell at contention for the rules of their profession They that failed somewhat of the unperfect perfection of them retained the name of Minorites still the other entituled themselves Observants more worthy to be called Obstinate The latter fellows were brought inâ—o England by King Edward the 4th and were greatly inhanced by the famous Prince King Henry the 7th At the same time was Clara the Virgin Countrey-woman to Saint Francis which was a great Foundress of Nuns of the same Rule that Francis gave his Covent of them sprung the bastard Penitencers in the dayes of John the 22 and the year of our Lord 1315. The Order of the Trinity under Innocentius was begun by John Matta and Felix Anachorita in France in the County of Meldine Then also was founded or else not long after in the time of Martin the fourth the Religion of Virgins or Servants by one Philip of Florencia a Physitian and Benedict the 11th confirmed it in the year of our Lord 385. The Order of Brigidians was instituted by Brigidia a Widow that was Princess of Sueta under Vrban the 5th in the year of our Lord 1370 it was as well of men as women albeit they dwelt severally by themselves The Family of Jesuits was the Invention of Johannes Columbinus in the City of Senes in the time of the same Urban the year of our Lord 1368 they were no Priests nor consecrated persons but were men of the lay sort given and addicted to prayer and had the name of Jesuits because that name of Jesus should be often in their mouth they be much like to our Beads-men in England The Sect of new Hermites began in Urbin a City in Italy in the Countrey of Umbria where Polidore Virgil was born and was the device of one Petrus an Hetrurian and they had in the same City a goodly Hospitall or Guild-Hall The Bonhomes were instituted in England by Edmund son of Richard Earl of Cornwall which was brother to Henry the third and was elected King of the Romans and heir apparent to the Empire by the principal Electors about the year of our Lord 1257. The speciall head place of that Religion was Astrige where the noble King Henry the eighth hath now a goodly Palace This Edmund brought the bloud of our Saviour as it was said into the Realm CHAP. V. The original of sacred Knights and white sect WHilest the City of Jerusalem before our Christian men had conquered it in the year of our Lord 1099 was in subjection to the Saracens the Latine Christians that lived there tributaries purchased a licence to build near unto the Holy Sepulchre dwelling houses and among other they made an Hospital of our Lady to receive the strange Pilgrims and appointed a Provost to entertain them This was in Silvester the first his time the year of our Lord three hundred twenty and four and renewed the year of Christ one thousand three hundred ninety and seven in the time of Celestine the third Bishop of Rome After the pattern of this house was devised a like house of Virgins in memorial of Mary Magdalen to receive the Women that resorted thither It began in the 2d Vrbanes dayes the year of our Lord 1099. Notwithstanding because the multitude of Latine Pilgrimes waxed very great they builded three Hospitals of Saint John Baptist as some say Albeit some think it was of John Eleemosinarius that was the Patriarch of Alexandria in the reign of the Emperour Phocas This Sect one Gerardus adorned with a white Cross in a black vesture grand Captain of these Knights was Ramundus when Clement the fifth had the See of Rome about the year of our Lord 1310 yet some affirm that the beginning of them was in the 3d Alexanders dayes the year of Christ one thousand one hundred seventy and nine and they be called of the order of Saint John or Knights of the Rhodes because they won the Rhodes from the Turks which afterwards they lost again in January in the year of our Salvation one thousand five hundred twenty three albeit they did long defend it manfully The Temples order was begun in Gelasius the second his dayes in the year of Christs Incarnation one thousand one hundred twenty and eight by Hugo Paganus and Gaufridus de sancto Alexandro they were named Templers because they kept in a part of the buildings near to the Temple they kept Bernardus rule in their living But Clement the fifth deposed them partly for that they renounced the Faith and conspired with the Turks and partly for other notable crimes The order of Teutonicks or Dutch Lords began in Jerusalem by a Dutch man whose name is not known Their office was to fight against the enemies of Christs Cross it began in the dayes of Clement the third the year of Christs incarnation 1190. Petrus Ferdinandus a Spaniard began the order of Saint James Knights that lived after St Austins rule under Alexander the third and in the year of our Lord one thousand one hundred and sixty in the same