Ladie Isabel de Rojas his wife and his children so hee presently got out of their hands and that same night took his waie towards Cordova leaving his hous to the charge care of Don Pedro de Cartagena Lord of Olmillos who had married the Ladie Marie de Rojas his daughter to the Dean of Burgos Don Pedro Xuarez de Velasco and Francisco Sarmiento who was his kinsman These Gentlemen repaired forthwith to Don Diego Osorio's hous where they found his wife and daughter very disconsolate for his absence and fearing the People's threatnings who hearing Don Diego was gone assembled together and came with intent to break open the hous plunder it and pluck it to the ground But these gentlemen beeing advertised of their design stood all in the gate with their swords and daggers drawn threatning to cut in pieces whosoëver durst attempt to break in and vowing that they were resolved to lose their lives upon that account This resolution of their's daunted the Assailers so that none offered to stir but went all quietly away Don Pedro Xuarez de Velasco went along with them for Bernal de la Rixa the Cutler their Captain bore him much respect becaus hee had received a son of his nam'd Valoradico to be a singing-boie in his Church Xuarez's getting the good will of this Cutler was of such importance that by his means hee knew all the secret dealings and intentions of the Communalty and was admitted somtimes into their Assemblies They went by Squadrons up and down the Citie committing manie outrages and insolâ—ncies like men distracted and without judgment An humor took them to burn down the Carthusian's wood and as they were going with this resolution Don Pedro Xuarez met them by the waie and told them that it would bee very well done of them indeed to set that wood on fire but the world would bee so rosted with the heat that it were better to keep the wood till winter and not to burn it in the field to no purpose so hee turned them back again from St Paul's Bridg. They were so audacious as to assault the Lord Constable's hous hee beeing Chief of that Citie and having heard that the Dutchess Donia Maria de Tobar Marquess of Berlanga a Ladie of great worth had threatned them they came one daie in great number thither and having environed the hous they shot off a piece of Ordnance which beat down a corner of the Tower so they entred into the hous the Dutchess was forc'd to hide her self in som secret by-place They went also to Garci Ruiz de la Mota his hous who had been Commissioner in that last Parlament brother to Maestro Mota Bishop of Badajos and Palencia with intent to kill him but not finding him for hee was fled they burned and pluck't down his hous where were consumed great number of Writings as Deeds and Charters and manie other papers concerning the King and Kingdom which hee had in keeping That which they burned in Mota's hous was valued above three Millions when they carried it to the place where they made the Bonfire into which they cast all the moveables they could finde in the hous as pure linnen rich tapistrie-hangings cloaths houshold-stuff and manie chests or trunks full all which they burned without making benefit of anie thing which was a wonder considering the condition of such mean people In the like furie they went and pulled down the hous of one of the King's Harbingers named Garci Iofre who though hee was a Frenchman born had been a long time in the King of Spain's service and the Emperor's Hee was married and had his dwelling in that Citie they were incensed against him for no other reason but becaus the Emperor had given him the command of the Hous and Castle of Lara which Burgos pretended was theirs and they demanded it of him but becaus hee told them that hee had received that Castle of the Emperor and that hee could not deliver it to anie but his Majestie they went to kill him neither stopped their furie there for poor Iofre being unfortunately there that daie beeing returned from France whither hee went by the Emperors command with the French Embassador and seeing how they plucked his Houses down hee went to Lara saying That hee hoped in God to bee revenged and to build up his Houses much better with those Rascal's monie then they were when they pulled them down and that hee should make morter of their bones and temper the chalk with their blood This being known in the Citie by the report of a Collier to whom Iofre spoke it by the waie they sent som men on hors-back privately after him who overtook him in a little village called Vivar del Cid three leagues from Burgos where drawing him out of the Church they apprehended him had cut him in pieces there but for som Gentlemen who qualified them for the present yet they would not let him go out of their hands but brought him to Burgos back again and clapt him into prison where with blows and thrusts they soon dispatched him and beeing dead they tied his feet together and dragged him first to his own door striking and pinking his bodie with their swords all the waie then they drew him through all the streets and at last hanged him with his head downwards Don Inigo Fernandez de Velasco Lord High Constable who was at Villalpando being informed hereof by a Letter from the Cardinal wherein hee desired him for the love of God to go speedily set som remedie and order in that Citie went presently to Burgos and out of affection in regard those of his familie for manie successions had been born in that Citie he took upon him the staff and office of Governor which the Inhabitants most willingly embraced there hee continued som time whose presence was the onely remedie and means to hinder the enraged people of that Citie from committing a thousand other Insolencies What happened afterwards you shall hear hereafter SECT XLI A Certain Judg nam'd Hernan Gomez de Herrera whose wife and familie was in Madrid took that occasion to go from Valladolid thither but being arriv'd the People began to mutinie saying That hee was com thither to take examinations against Toledo at which nois manie People assembled presently together and went in a tumultuous manner to apprehend him in his hous but hee having notice thereof used means forthwith to bee secretly conveied out of the Citie so hee escaped with fear enough for if the Common-people had light upon him they would have given him hard measure Thence the disorderly Multitude went to Francisco de Varas his hous one of the Council and took away all the Arms they could finde as Fowling-pieces Arquebusses Cros-bows Arrows Pikes four hundred Corslets and manie Halberds which they put into a strong place for their own defence when occasion should require they set Guards all the Citie over watching and going their rounds
and the Alcalde Ronquillo to sack and make desolate the Citie of Segovia notwithstanding they sent to excuse and submit themselvs to the Council and that becaus of their so rigorous proceeding they sent to Toledo and other Cities for assistance who before they raised any forces to succour them desired the Cardinal and Council by waie of Petition to deal more favorably with those of Segovia but receiving no satisfactorie answer they sent an Armie into the field They aggravated the crueltie of Antonio de Fonseca in burning Medina whereby the Town was endammaged above two millions of Ducates and which occasioned the rising of divers other places They declared how the Queen had commanded the Iunta to remove from Avila to Tordesillas That they had undertaken the care of the Queen's person and put the Marquis of Denia and his Ladie from her holding them destructive to the advancement of the publick good They alleged reasons for dissolving the Council which his Majestie had settled before his departure And why they paied their Armie out of his Majestieâ—s Revenues At last they desired his Majestie would bee pleased to grant and confirm all those Articles which their Embassadors should present him from the Kingdom the intent and scope of them beeing meerly for his good and the peaceable Government by regulating and repairing the miseries and great dammages that had been occasioned through the evil Counsel of those which thitherto had abused and mis-led his Majestâ—e urging moreover that for the benefit of the Publick and the improving of his Roial Patrimonie it was necessarie and expedient that until such time as his Majestie should appoint other persons of better temper and uprighter intentions to reside in his High Council then the former were his Majestie should give power to those Cities and Towns which had Vote in Parlament to provide and see to the Administration of Justice and other things wherein those of his Council ought to have been more circumspect and moderate And also that hee would revoke the Commissions and Autoritie which hee had sent to the then ruling Governors becaus they were men whom the Kingdom could not endure Besides this letter to the Emperor they sent another to those of the Citie where hee then was desiring them to join with them in supplication to his Majestie and procure his consent and approbation of all the Kingdom 's desires in regard they tended to his Majestie 's service the publick good of the Kingdom the increasing of his Roial Patrimonie and were exceedingly conducing to a peaceable and quiet government Dated from Tordesillas the 20th of October 1520. Under the the Letter was written I Lope de Pallares Secretarie of the Parlament and Iunta of the Kingdom caused this to bee written by their Command SECT II. ARTICLES Of The KINGDOM DON CARLOS and DONIA IUANA c. To our Infantes well-beloved Children Brothers and Dukes Greeting Know yee that for the remedying and repairing the great dammages and exorbitancies which have been and are in our Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon by reason of the former evil Counsel and Government of our said Kingdoms The Commissioners or Procuradores of those Cities and Towns that have Vote in Parlament are assembled as becometh our Loial Subjects and Servants with zeal to our servicâ— and the publick good of our Kingdoms fulfilling that which the Laws of our Kingdoms oblige them to do And by special Command from us the Queen are com to Tordesillas to take care and provide for the reparation and remedie of the said dammages and exorbitancies To which effect they have made and ordeined certain Articles which are conducing and expedient for our service the good Government of the Kingdom and the increasing of the Revenue and Partrimonie Roial The Tenor whereof is as followeth MOST HIGH AND MIGHTIE CATHOLICK PRINCES QUEEN AND KING OUR SOVEREIGNS That which the Cities Towns Villages Commonalties and Natives of your Kingdom of Castilla and Leon do desires your Majesties will bee pleased to grant for a perpetual Law is here ensuing That which concern's his MAIESTIES ROIAL PERSON FIrst These Kingdoms humblie supplicate your Majestie will bee pleased speedily to return into these Kingdoms and beeing com to remain ruling and governing them For staying here your Majestie may give Laws and Command over the whole World as your Predecessors have done And nothing of all that which they desire of your Majestie will bee so pleasing to these Kingdoms although you should grant them much more for they hope your Majestie will condescend to all these things then your speedie coming to them For it is not the custom of Castilla to bee without their King neither can they bâ—e governed by others in peace and quiet which is very necessarie for your Royal service Item These Kingdoms humbly beseech your Majestie at your return to bee pleased to marrie it beeing necessarie for the universal good of these Kingdoms that there should bee some issue to succeed your Royal Person as they desire your Majestie 's age now requiring it And that you would bee pleased to take a wife according to the Vote and good lâ—lâ—king of these your Kingdoms for so shee shall bee of some Countrie in amitie with them as is most convenient for your service and the contentment of your Royal Person That which concern's the Royal Familie THat our Ladie and Sovereign the Queen's Royal hous bee put in such order and estate as is becoming her Royal Person and the honor of these Kingdoms That the Officers about her bee persons of qualitie That her hous bee sufficiently provided of all thing befitting her dignitie for so her Highnâ—ss will bee well pleased with these Kingdoms and they obliged Item That his Majestie would bee pleased at his return into these Kingdoms to bring neither Flemings French nor other strangers whatsoëver to bear any Office in his Royal Familie But that hee would confer all such Offices upon Natives of these Kingdoms there beeing multitudes of able and sufficient persons who will serv his Majestie with much affection and loyaltie and that his heirs and successors for ever should continue the like order Item That neither his Majestie nor his successors bring in or entertain any forreign souldiers for the guard of their Persons or defens of their Kingdoms in regard there are war-like and courageous men enough amongst the Natives not onely to defend their own Countrie but to conquer others as they had done heretofore Item That his Majestie beeing in these Kingdoms and having none but Natives about him would bee pleased to order his Familie in all respects as Don Fernando his grandfather and Donia Isabel his Queen and the rest of the Catholick King 's his Progenitors of glorious memorie had done before him For in so doing hee would save a number of unnecessarie expences which were made in his table and houshold and this would palpably appear for his Majestie will find that in the dishes for his own table and
of the Commonaltie meerly for his own ends and that by means of these troubles and commotions hee might get possession of the Dukedom of Mâ—dina Sidonia which as hath been already said hee pretended was his right This Election did not digest well in Padilla's stomach who till then had executed the office of Captain General and presumed it should bee confirmed upon him and for his sake neither the Commissioners of Toledo nor of Madrid would give their Votes for Don Pedro. Iohn de Padilla beeing informed of all these passages before that Don Pedro Giron came to take his staff pretending I know not what occasion rode poste to Toledo and his men seeing their Captain gone would staie no longer in the Armie but the next daie took the same waie after him Notwithstanding all this Don Pedro Giron accepted the Charge and came to Tordesillas with fourscore Lances of his own appointed a Randevous for his Armie wherein hee was much assisted by the industrie and diligence of the Bishop of Zamora who brought to the service of the Iunta near five hundred men with arms of the antient Guards of the Kingdom for the rest were gone to the Lord High Constable hee brought moreover seventie Lances of his own and almost a thousand Foot four hundred whereof were Priests of his own Bishoprick besides the people of Zamora whom hee had at his devotion for by favor of the Junta hee had driven the Earl of Alva out of Zamora and made himself Master thereof Every daie came fresh supplies from the other Cities both of Hors and Foot all well armed and with them som Gentlemen and Commanders From Salamanca came Don Pedro Maldonado with about a thousand Foot Other Cities appointed those who were their Commissioners in the Junta to bee their Captains As Leon chose Gonsalo de Guzman son to Ramiro NunÌ„ez and the Citie of Toro Don Hernando de Ulloa who were their Commissioners and so likewise did other places Thus those of the Junta grew from daie to daie more powerful beeing resolved to end the business by force of Arms. Their mouths were all filled with reproachful and threatning language especially the Common-people's who called the Grandees and Gentrie of the Countrie Traitors enemies of the Kingdom saying they had destroied taken away their estates which availed them nothing but who can restrein a multitude Amongst other impertinencies they said That the Queen should do well to marrie the Duke of Calabria Don Hernando de Aragon son to Frederick last K. of Naples who since the time of the Catholick King had been kept prisoner in Xativa in the Kingdom of Valencia I believ this was onely put upon those of the Junta and that they neither did nor thought any such thing But the truth is their passion was grown to such an height that they never so much as named the Emperor in their Proclamations though they had sworn Allegiance to him as their King but all passed in the names of the Queen and Kingdom Insomuch that the hatred and enmitie betwixt the two parties became implacable and both made all preparations possible for a war In short time those of the Junta had put their forces in a readiness and equipage to march unto the field as was determined SECT II. 'MOngst these occurrences arrived the Lord Admiral at Medina de Rioseco where hee was met and received by all the Noble-men and Gentle-men who were com thither to the Cardinal with their Souldiers all armed and drawn up in Battle-Array Hee expressed much gladness to see so many gallant men and persons of such eminent qualitie Yâ—t hee had no intention to wade through blood to the accomplishment of his desires but rather by fair means if possible to settle the disturbed State of the Kingdoms which to effect hee left no stone unturn'd and at last hee obtained that three or four of the Commissioners of the Iunta should give him a meeting at Torrelobaton where they consumed five or six daies in treating but all his reasons persuasions and fair promisses could bring them to no reason Before they would harken to any proposition of his they demanded that the Lord high Constable should renounce and leav off the exercise of Vice-Roy and Governor which hee had begun to execute And whilest the Lord Admiral was thus treating with them the Iunta commanded a Proclamation to bee made against the Lord high Constable and the Earl of Alva de Lista as is before mentioned and other Noble-men And Don Pedro Giron with the Bishop of Zamora had orders to draw their Armie into the field which was seaventeen thousand Foot besides good store of hors and much Artillerie which had been brought from Medina del Campo Whereupon the Lord Admiral despairing of any Peace protested against them and returned to Rioseco beeing resolved to accept the Government joyntly with the Cardinal and the Lord high Constable in regard those fair conditions of agreement which hee offred were slighted and rejected Don Pedro Giron Captain-General for the Iunta and the Bishop of Zamoraâ— with his Souldiers and band of Priests marched out the 2â—th daie of November 1520 and quartered their Armie that night in Villabraxima Tordehumos Villagarzia and other places about Rioseco with intent to starve or drive the Cavaliers thence And indeed if the Commoners had been men at that time they might have done it From their head-quarters at Villabraxima they wrote to the Citie of Valladolid giving them an account of their advance and that before they fell upon Rioseco they would send a King at Arms to require the Lord Admiral and those of the Town of Rioseco to cast out those thievs and destroyers of the Kingdom as they called the Cavaliers if not that they would use means to take them and hinder the Cardinal's Government it beeing a thing contrarie to the Laws and Rights of the Kingdom SECT III. AFter this the Armie of the Iunta by waie of justification sent their Heralds or King 's at Arms to the Lord Admiral with the other Noble-men and Gentlemen then beeing in Rioseco requiring them not onely to leav that place but to go out of the Countrie and desiring those of the said Town to confirm themselvs to those of the Commonaltie in favor of his Majestie but this message was so ill resented that the Heralds found but sorrie entertainment being apprehended and disarmed by order from the Earls of Venavente and of Alva de Lista which beeing known by the Iunta's forces they presently advanced towards Rioseco The Bishop of Zamora marched in the Van with five thousand men fully resolved to do all the mischief hee could to the Cavaliers Hee was no sooner com to Villabraxima but the two hundred lances which the Marquis of Astorga had placed there took their heels flying with such disorder and haste that some of them lost their Arms before they could reach Rioseco and left the Place cleer for the Bishop who entering said Let
his men too late for the expedition of Tordesillas attended upon the Cardinal thither where his Eminence beeing arrived the Lord Admiral solemnly accepted the Joint-government of the Kingdoms with the Cardinal and the Lord High Constable having first tried all means possible to reduce the people fairly to the obedience of his Majestie for after the taking of Tordesillas hee sent Gomez de Avila who was there made prisoner making him first swear to return to treat with Don Pedro Giron and the rest of the Iunta offering them very honorable Conditions if they would laie down their Arms and com in But Gomez beeing returned without concluding any thing there was no apparent hope of any accommodation besides seeing that the Iunta and the forces of the Commoners were retired to Valladolid which was but five leagues from Tordesillas and that it was no time of year to keep the field or besiege any other Citie leaving the enemies to themselvs the Governors with consent of the rest of the Nobles put all their Souldiers in Garrison in the adjacent Towns For divers of their men were gon away having enriched themselvs with the plunder which they took at Tordesillas The Earl of Haro with som chois companies remained in Tordesillas for the Guard of her Majestie 's person and defence of the Town Don Pedro Velez Earl of OnÌ„ate with som Hors and Foot Companies was placed in Simancas though the Government thereof belonged to Don Hernando de Vega but hee beeing of the Emperor's Council of State it was thought more convenient hee should reside at Tordesillas yet hee went thither somtimes himself as occasion served In Portillo a place of strength belonging to the Earl of Venavente was put another Garrison under the Command of Don InÌ„igo de Padilla cosen-german to the Earl of Venavente To Torrelobaton a Town of the Lord Admiral 's betwixt Tordesillas and Rioseco by which all their provisions were to pass were sent other companies of souldiers besides those which Don Hernando Enriquez the Lord Admiral 's brother had there in regard that was the waie to Burgos where the Lord High Constable was with the Council with whom they were to keep continual correspondence Betwixt the Towns which were for the Commoners and those wherein were Garrisons for his Majestie was such killing robbing and spoiling as if they had been the most mortal enemies in the world as shall bee declared hereafter Artificers could get no emploiment Husbandmen could not till their grounds Merchants had no traffick Cities lost their correspondence with each other becaus the waies were unsecure Justice was quite out of date Excise Tributes Levies Impositions increased daily by reason of the excessive charges of the Armie the Revenue of the Roial Crown which they had usurped not beeing sufficient to defraie them These and such like were the fruits and profit which Castilla reaped by their disobedience And yet for all their miserable condition they did not humble nor submit themselvs neither would they accept of the honorable and advantageous Conditions which were offered them But everie daie they were sending fresh men to maintein and foment the War from Valladolid where those who cast the Kingdom into this precipice had taken up their seat Although they were so jealous and displeased at their Captain General DON PEDRO GIRON especially the Common people that they did neither obey nor respect him neither did hee hold himself secure amongst them and therefore hee left them soon after as you shall see SECT IX THe Bishop of Zamora and Don Pedro Giron thinking themselvs not secure in Zaratan which was but a smal open Village marched with their Armie to Valladolid although their coming was not very acceptable to most of the Citie Beeing there they quartered themselvs in the houses of those that were affected to the King's Partie making abominable havock and spoil their souldiers pulled down tâ—e houses of Francisco de la Serna and Don Alonso NinÌ„o de Castro they plundered the hous of the Comendador Santistevan robb'd and spoiled all they could laie hands on in the Earl of Miranda's hous and divers other mischiefs they did within the Citie whereof the Bishop beeing informed hee caused many things to bee restored and som souldiers to bee punished whereby hee gained much good opinion and affection Two daies after their coming thither they marched both Hors and Foot in goodly order out of the Citie with intent to go to break down the Bridg of Simancas but hearing by the waie that the Earl OnÌ„ate and those of the Town had saved them that labor for the Earl had intelligence that they intended to surprise him there and pass thence to Tordesillas they wheeled about to take the Fort of FuensaldanÌ„a which they entred without any contradiction and having left som souldiers with a Commander in it they returned to Valladolid the same night giving orders to their men to bee ready the next morning before daie which was obeied and they gave out they would gain the pass at Simancas proclaiming war with fire and sword against the Cavaliers at Tordesillas But Simancas beeing scituate upon the descent of an hill the river on one side and a strong Fort on the other which the Earl of OnÌ„ate had been very careful and vigilant in poviding with all necessaries they feared no attempts from those of Valladolid Most of those that marched out of Valladolid that time were from Salamanca Toro and Zamora many of them sillie ignorant fellows and their Captains not much more knowing in Martial affairs they were so long fitting themselvs that they made it three a clock in the Afternoon before they were all out of Valladolid which was ten hours after the time appointed so that they were forced to quarter that night at Laguna one league from the Citie som in the Monasterie of Abrojo others in the field with the Artillerie There fell such a difference betwixt Don Pedro Giron and the Bishop of Zamora that Don Pedro with his Lanciers marched to Tudela but there hee was refused quarters so hee was enforced to go on to VillavanÌ„ez Next 〈◊〉 the Bishop gave orders to march to Simancas but som told him that 't was better to return to Valladolid and there take further advice The people of Toro Zamora and Valladolid had likewise som bickerings amongst themselvs insomuch that every one would carrie their Artillerie home to their own Cities but those of Valladolid beeing the strongest partie carried it to their Citie without any more ado which bred much discontent and heart-burning and all exclaimed against Don Pedro Giron saying all the ill their discontented mindes could imagine of him for leaving them in that manner which confirmed all the jealousies and suspicions which they had formerly conceived of him One daie twelv Foot souldiers of Valladolid went out upon a partie towards Simancas and about one league from Valladolid they met with fourscore Hors of that Garrison which made them flie to secure themselvs
Aragoneses before they would acknowledg Charls their King Quarrel be-the Castillians and Aragoneses about the receiving Charls as King Anno 1519 The Empeâ—or Maximilian's deaâ—h in Germanie His conditions The King of Fâ—ance'â— ambition to the Imperial Crowâ— Seven Elâ—câ—oâ—s oâ— the Empire Câ—aâ—ls the Fâ—â—â—t elected Emperor Hâ—ughtiâ— hâ—militie of the Eaâ—l Vâ—nâ—vâ—nâ—â— in 〈◊〉 to bee mâ—de Knight of the gâ—lden Fleâ—ce The Catalanes make difficultâ—e of acknowledging Charls King Those of Valencia reâ—use to aâ—knowledg him Their proud answer Troubles in Germanie The Martial Don Pedro refuseth the Oath of Alâ—gâ—ance Iohn de Padilla was afterwards their General a mâ—n of noble extraction and a high Spirit Diâ—â—atâ—s in those oâ— Vaâ—ladolid Tolâ—do write's to Valladâ—lid Vallâ—dolid's answer to Toledo Iohn de Padilla Don Pedro Lasso and Hernâ—ndo de Avalos principal Actors for the Commons in Toledo Corregidor is as our Majors are in England Dissentions in â—he Aâ—â—emblie at Toledo Here the Autor mislook his â—carms speaking like a flattering Friâ—r Râ—gidores and Iuâ—ados are in â—he nature of our Aldermen and Common-Council men Parlament call'd in Galicia Tâ—e Autor ought rather to have said Promoters of â—he People's good Vâ—lladolid's answer to the Commissioners of Toledo Bold speech of Don Pedro Giron to the Emperor Tumults in Vâ—lladolid The People stop the Emperor at the gates of the Citie The Emperor displeased with the Toledians The Commissioners of Salamanca refuse the Oath in open Parlament Dissentings in the Parlament The Galicianâ— distasted Emulations in the Court. The Toledians protest against the Parlament at Santjago Rather the chief instrument of the Common good The Autor undervalue's Iohn de Padilla out of passion for contrary to his discription hee was a man of Singular wit learning and mature judgment and his Wife was a Ladie Nobly descended and the most Masculine Heroick Spirit that ever Spain bred This Plot the Fryer writ upon report Neither were these men such base fellows as hee make's them but persons of quality Tumults in Toledo Their grounds were good and had suâ—â—ceeded better if they had not bin betrayed by som of the Nobility Extraction of Don Pedro Lâ—ssâ— Cardinal Adriano made Governor during his Mâ—jestie's absence His Council The Emperor imbark's for Flanders Hee arrive's in England Cardinal Wolcey receive's him at his landing His reception by the King and Queen at Canterburie Tumults in Segovia Antâ—nio de Tordesillas Râ—gidor and Commissioner of Sâ—govia hanged by the People Commotions in the Citie of Zamora Earthquake in Burgos The Common people of the Câ—tie rise up in Arms. Their design upon Don Diego de Osorio's hous Upâ—oars in Madrid In Siguenca Guadalaxara Salamanca Muâ—cia The people of Guadâ—laxara rise up agâ—inst their Commissionerâ— Toledo and Madrid Succor Segovia Iohn de Padillae made Capâ—ain of the Toledians Iohn Bravo Captain of the Segovian forces Ronquillo refuseth to ingage in battle Antonio de Fonseca commanded by the Cardinal to assist Ronquillo Segovia write's to those of Medina del Campo not to deliver their Artillerie to Fonseca Antonio de Fonseca advanceth with his forces to Medina to demand the Artillerie They refuse to deliver the Artilerie Fonseca storn the Town Is repulsed The unfortunate burning of Medina del Campo by Fonseca's men Bobadilla Captain of the people in Mâ—dina Medina complain's to Valladolid of their misfâ—rtuneâ— Valladolid's answer to the Emperor's Letter Tumulâ—s in Vâ—llaâ—olid for the burning oâ— Mâ—dâ—na The Câ—rdinall disclaime's Fonsecâ—'s burning of Medinâ— and Command's him to disband his men Commotions in Caceres and Iaen quieted by the discretion of Don Rodrigo Mexia Factions in uâ—eda and Bâ—â—za Cuenca risetâ— for the Commonaltiee The Autor bâ—ing a Frier sheweâ— himself more a Flattâ—rer then the Priest a Fool for the one praied simply the other writ colloguingly taking all advantage tâ— advance his Interest iâ— Court Toro and Ciudad Roderigo declare for the Commonaltie Factions in â—he Citie of Leon. A â—rophâ—sâ—e Toledo invite's all the other Cities to send their Commissioners tâ— the Assemblie at Avila Leguizama the Judg by order from the Council goeth to punish the disorders in Murcia The people rescue the offendor and muâ—inie against Leguizâ—ma The Marquess of Velez's answer to Leguizama Leguizamâ— forced to leav the Citie Hee flie's to Mula The people rise there also and rais the Countrie against him Don Iohn de Figueroâ— declarâ—th for the Commonaltiâ— in the Citie of Sevillâ— The Quâ—trosâ—te â—te Four and twentie chiefmen chosen by the Citie for the managing of affairs Don Iohn taken prisoner and the Citie quieted Salamanâ—â— up in Armâ— Don Pedro Maldonâ—do Captain in Salamancâ— Here the Autor flatter's The Junta began in Avilae Iuliâ— 29. 1610. Where they sâ—ayed not â—â—ng before they went to Tâ—â—dâ—sillas A wiser man then the Author or els probablie bee never had raisâ—d himself from nothing to so great prefeâ—ment Hâ—re the Aâ—thor would disgrace and undervalue if hee could the bravest wiâ—t that ever Spain bred the hoâ—or of his Countrie whose inâ—entions were oâ—ely for the Common-wealth's good and had hee not been betrayed by some Nâ—â—le-men of his Partie hâ—e â—ad made it 〈◊〉 most glâ—ioâ—s Common-Wealâ—h in the World Hee is much lamented by manie persons of qualitie in Spain yet 〈◊〉 this dâ—ie Alguazil is an officer of justice in Spain Regimiâ—nto or Casa del Regimiento is â—he hous where the inhibâ—tants â—n everiâ— Citie dâ—â—ssemble about things concerning their Poliâ—ical Government Padilla's speech to the Queen at Tordesellas Here the Autor jeer's his own Coat The Iunta or General Assemblie sâ—ttled at Tordesillas The Iâ—nta send'â— to Valladolâ—d to dâ—ssolâ— the Kâ—â—g'â— Councâ—â— Vallâ—dolid's Answer A nameâ— Junta summoâ—'s â—hose of the King'â— Counâ—il to appâ—aâ— beâ—ore them at Tordesillas Their answer The Emperor senâ—â—'s Commissions to the Lord high Constable and Lord Admiral of Castilla making them Joint-Governors of Spaiâ— with the Cardinal Som of the Council escape out of Valladâ—â—lid in disguise The Iunta's request to the Queen John de Padilla apprehendeth some of the Coâ—ncil and caâ—â—iâ—th them prisoneâ—s â—o Tordesillas How uncharitable the Autor is to his brethren Friers The Cardinal indeavouring to go out of Valladolid is stopped by the people Don Pedro Giron's speech to the Cardinal persuading him to return to his Palace Note that this mesâ—age Was sent at the firâ—t assembling of the Iunta in Avila Prodigious signs in Vâ—lencia The Confedâ—rates of Valeâ—cia Sindico's were officers whâ—ch they had mâ—de amongst themâ—selvs Other Prodiâ—ious signs in Vâ—lencia El Encubiertâ— The notable imposture of Iuan de Vilvao Iuan de Vilvao or the disguised Prince executed by the Maâ—quis of Câ—nete in Vâ—lâ—ncia Librancas are assignments of monie Pâ—ertos secoâ— are Customs paid at the going in or cut of everie several Kingdom in Spain by Land Maestrazgos are the places of the Masters of the orders of Knighthood in Spain Writs of error Who was an exempted peâ—son and reserved by the Emperor to bee punished Commotions 〈◊〉 Palencia Alcala de Henares
the reputation of him whose chief aim in this labor was to procure you both profit and pleasure as beeing Your affectionate Servant J. W. THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE FIRST BOOK SECT I. IN the year of our LORD 1500 which was according to the Hebrew account five thousand four hundred sixtie and one years after the Creation of the World from the Universal Deluge three thousand eight hundred and five from the Coming of Tubal to inhabit and people the then desolate Countrie of Spain three thousand six hundred sixtie and three from the Conquest of Cesar one thousand five hundred thirtie and eight from the Entrie of the Goths into Spain one thousand eightie and six and lastly from the Dominion of the Moors in that Countrie seven hundred eightie and six years Alexander the sixth then beeing Pope of Rome The Christian King Don Fernando and Donnia Isabel having reigned twentie seven years converted the Mezquitas or Moorish temples into Châ—istian Churches and purged the whole Kingdom of Paganism and Jewish Cerimonies beeing also the year of Iubilee at Rome for their comfort and to drie up the tears which sorrowful Spain ceased not to shed for the deceaâ— of tâ—eir Prince Don Iuan or Ioâ—n onely Son to the Catholâ—â—k King and Donnia Isabel his Queen and â—he Infanta Donnia Isabel their eldest Daughter who was married to Don Iuan or Iohn the Second King of Portugal in the Citie of Gant upon the Apostle â— t Matthias his daie beeing mundaie 25 Febâ—uarie was born Charls the fift Emperor and King of Spain begotten by Don Philip or Philip surnamed El Hermoso or the fair Arch-Duke of Austria on to the Emperor Maximilian the First and Donnia Maâ—ia sole daughter and heir to Charls Duke of Burgundie who had for her porâ—ion besides the said Dutchie of Burgundie the Dukedom of Brabant Flanders Limbourg Haynaut Hâ—lland Artois Zealand and Cueldres with other places thereunto belonging and Donnia Iuana second daughter to the fore-naâ—ed Don Fernando and Isabel. The Prince Don Miguel de la paz son to Don Iuan of Portugal and Don Fernandos eldest Daughter Isabel who by the right of his mother was to inherite the Crown of Castilla was yet living when Charls the Fift came first into the World the news of whose birth with the particulars of the place and time beeing carried into Spain his grandmother Donnia Isabel I know not by what prophetick spirit presently said Cecidit sors super Mattâ—iam meaning that the succession of those Kingdoms should fall upon Charls who was born upon that Saint's daie as it did and hee became the most potent Prince of the Christian World For Don Miguel de la paz dying in Julie following in the same year 1500 the inheritance of the Crowns of Spain descended to Donnia Iuana mother to the fortunate Prince Don Charls or Charls then bearing the title of Duke of Luxembourg SECT II. IN the year 1501 the Catholick Queen Donâ—ia Isabel of Castilia beeing fallen into a languâ—shing diseas and past hopes of â—ecoverie shee desired to see Don Philip and Donnia Iuana â—er daughter before her deceas Whereupon they took their waie through France where they were received and feasted in a Princely manner by King Lewis the Twelfth who treated with them concerning the marriage of his Daughter Claudia to their son Charls One of the Articles was That in case the said marriage should not bee consummated tâ—rough anie default of the said King of France the Emperor should invest and settle the Dukedom of Milan upon their son Don Carlâ—s Duke of Luxembourg And it so happened afterwards that the said match was broken off by tâ—e â—aid King Lewis which is a great Plea for the Crown of Spain against the Kings of France in the pretention of Milan Beeing arrived at Toledo where the Catholick King and Queen exspected them on Sundaie 22 Maie in the Cathedral Church they were sâ—orn Princes of Castilia and Leon Don Fernando and Donnia Isabel assisting at the Ceremonie with the Cardinal Don Diego Hurtaâ—o de Mendosa Don Fray Francisco de Xmenez Archbâ—shop of Toledo Don Bernardino de Valasâ—o Lord hâ—gh Constable of Castilia and Leon the Duke del Infantadâ— Duke of Alva Duke of Bejar Duke of Alburquerque and a mulâ—itude of other noblemen after which solemnitie the King went to Saragosa and the Queen with her Daughter and Don Philip went to Torisos Fuensâ—lida Casâ— Rubios and theâ—ce to Madrid from whence after â—om time Donnia Iuana went to Alcala de Henaâ—es where shee was brought to bed of the Infante Don Ferdinando or Ferdinand hee was baptized with exceeding great solemnitie by the Arch Bishop of Tolâ—do the Duke of Naxara and the Earl of Villena were his Godfathers and Madame de Luin his Godmother Which Ceremonie beeing past and Donnia Iuana throughly recovered shee and her husband whose presence was most earnestly desired in Flanders repaired both thither by the waie of France And beeing at the Citie of Lyons hee concluded the Peace betwixt his father Maximilian the Emperor Don Fernando King of Spain and Lewis the French King who again moved him about marrying the Duke of Luxembourg with his daughter Clavia who was to inherit the Dukedom of Britanie yet hee was the first occasion of breaking that agreement SECT III. IN the year 1505 a Parlament beeing call'd at the Citie of Toro in presence of the King Don Fernando with all the Grandees of the Kingdom and the Commissioners or Burgesses Donnia Isabel the Queen beeing deceased at Medina del Campo the Princess Donnia Iuana then beeing in Flanders was declaâ—ed Queen of Castilia and Leon and her son Don Carles heir and successor after her to those Kingdoms which pacified divers turbulent â—pirits and stopt the current of manie troubles and mischiefs that was like to overflow that Countrie This news was brought to Donnia Iuana then newly brought to bed of the Infanta Donnia Maria who was afterward married to the unfortunate King of Bohemia Lewis son to Uladislaus after whose death shee was Governess of Flanders for manie years and proved nothing inferior to her Brother in courage and other princely endowments onely shee was a woman Don Philip remaining still in Flanders with his Queen there grew such differences betwixt him and Don Fernando that finding an advantage in their absence Don Fernando sent Don Rodrigo Manrique his Embassador to the King of Portugal desiring him to give in marriage La Excelente otherwise called La Vâ—ltraneja thinking by virtue of her right and his powerful assistance to oppose Don Philip and make himself King of Castillia which argued no less weakness then Ambition in the Catholick King But the King of Portugal was so discreet as not to satisfie his desires aâ—d although hee had given his consent La Veltraneja would never have condescended thereunto for besides that shee was well stricken in years shee was altogether given to her devotion and valued not
the vanitie of anie earthly Crowns Having received this repuls hee agreed with Lewis King of France that hee should make the match betwixt him and Madam Germana daughter to Gaston de Foix and to the said French King's sister which was concluded upon this condition That King Lewis in stead of her Dowrie should grant and pass over to Don Fernando the right which hee pretended to the kingdom of Naples and that if the Queen should die before him without issue hee should succeed and inherit the same title but if shee should survive Don Fernando that Lewis should repossess the said claim These Articles beeing confirmed they made a Peace betwixt France and Spain for a hundred and one years but it scarce continued so manie weeks and Don Iuan de Silva Earl of Cifuentes with the Vice-Chancellor of Aragon went into France to attend and conduct her Majestie into Castillia SECT IV. THe Castillians in mean time beeing very desirous to have their Natural Sovereign amongst them importuned by frequent messages and invitations Donnia Iuana and her husband to return and bring their Children with them into Spain Whereupon Don Philip having provided a Fleet for the purpose they departed Flanders leaving the Prince Don Carles under the care and tuition of the Emperor Maximiliano and Donnia Margarita widdow to the Duke of Savoye and at last though tossed with much storm and tempests by the waie they landed safe at the Groyne in Galicia Don Fernando hearing of their arrival went to meet them betwixt La Puebla de Sanabria and Asturianos This interview occasioned no small discontent betwixt these Princes for Kings will admit of no competitors or Companions no not of their own châ—ldren in matters of Government and Command Whereupon Don Fernando forsaken by all but onely the Duke of Alva and the Earl of Altamira with som few others took his waie to Villafafila and Tordesillas and King Philip with his Queen to Venauente attended by all the Nobles and flower of Castillia besides strangers to the number of above two thousand hors One caus of their discord was about the title and inscription of Commissions Patents and other dispatches Roial which at last was determined and agreed that all things should pass in the names of Don Fernando Don Philip and Donnia Iuana But this style was soon altered by the unexspected dâ—ath of Don Philip which hapned at Burges hee had but seven daies of sickness which was thought to bee a surfeit and past from this life to the eternal on fridaie the fifth of September annoâ—â—0â— â—â—0â— beeing aged but twentie eight years and having enjoied the Kingdom of Castillia a year and ten moneths lacking one daie hee commanded that his heart should bee carried to Bruxels his bodie to Granada and his bowels to remain there His death was much lamented by the Emperor his Father for besides that hee was his onely son hee was one of the handsomest men of his time therefore hee was called Philip the Fair and the nobleness of his minde was answerable to the feature of his bodie Donnia Iuana his Queen was so sensible of his loss that with the extremitie of sorrow and her incessant weeping shee became in a manner distracted An old woman in Galicia seeing him at his landing and beeing told who hee was said That hee should bee a longer time and travel more leagues in Castillia beeing dead then living which proved so for the Queen carried his bodie with her from place to place and would not suffer it to bee buried for manie years after Hee left two sons Don Carles and Don Fernando both Emperors and three daughters all mightie Queens Donnia Leonor first reigned in Portugal and afterwards was married to the King of France Donnia Catalina was wife to Don Iohn the Third King of Portugal Aunt and Mother-in-law to Philip the Second of Spain And Donnia Maria had for her husband Lewis King of Bohemia and Hungaria SECT V. IN mean time Don Fernando beeing married to the Queen Germana and distasted in Castillia retired himself into Aragon from thence beeing upon his â—ournie to Naples the Castilliâ—ns gave him notice of Don Philip's death and of the necesâ—itie that there was of his Roial presence but hee refused to return beeing incensed against som of them for their ingratitude to him By the death of Don Philip and the absence of King Fernando divers tumults and seditions arose in the kingdom the people refusing to obeie the Magistrates and Officers of Justice and the Nobles wanted not factions and partialities amongst them to trouble and disquiet the Countrie and almost everie Citie throughout the Kingdom was infected with the same contagion Som crying up Charls or Don Carles others Fernando no small number stood for Maximiliano but verie few made anie mention of Donnia Iuana who whether out of a sens of her own disabilitie or overcom with melancholie for her husbands deceas had retired her self at Tordesillas refusing to govern or trouble her head with State-affairs Whereupon with the consent of most part of the Peers and Nobles of the Realm the Cardinal Ximenez Don Bernardino de Velasso Lord high Constable and Don Pedro Manrique Duke of Naxara took upon them the administration of Government for the present they made Don Alonso Suarez Bishop of Iaen President of their Council assisted by Doctor Tello el Licenciado Polanco and other learned Lawyers They called a Parlament wherein they ordered to send to Don Fernando desiring him in the name of the Queen and the whole Kingdom to return and undertake the Government for his Daughter and Grandchilde Which hee beeing more readie to accept then they to offer did not refuse but returned answer that having setled the business which had called him to Naples hee would satisfie their desires And after som time leaving Don Iuan de Aragon Earl of Ribagorsa his Vice-Roy hee embarqued himself for Spain with his Queen Germana Don Gonsalo Fernandez de Cordova commonly called the gran Capitan and a great train of Spanish Gentlemen that attended him in his voiage Beeing arrived at Valentia the Queen Donnia Iuana went to meet him whom hee received with signs of much affection and fatherlie tenderness which shee answered with all the honor and due obedience that could bee exspected from an observant Daughter for although the excess of sorrow had weakned her intellectual faculties yet shee never lost her respect to her Father but paied him with all humilitie and filial dutie neither was shee ever heard to utter anie mis becoming words which is common to people tainted with her infirmitie The eighth of October the King and Queens came to Arcos where Donnia Iuana desiring to staie Don Fernando went with his Court to Burges leaving her a good number of Noblemen and Ladies besides guards suitable to the dignitie of her person Som years after Don Fernando left the troubles of this transitorie life to enjoie the quietness and bliss of the
eternal in the sixtie fourth year of his age having reigned and governed as King fourtie two years compleat Som saie it was the Dropsie that brought him to his end others report that his young Queen to quicken his Spirit and thaw the ice that contracted the blood in his aged veins gave him a certein provocative potion which instead of raising a part cast the whole bodie into the grave After his death arose manie differences amongst the Grandees concerning the Government Adriano Dean of Lovain and Tutor to Don Carles produced a Commission which the young Prince had given him to succeed Don Fernando in the Government until his coming into Spain this was opposed by Cardinal Ximenez who alleged that by virtue of his Catholick Majestie 's last Will and Testament hee was to bee Governor of the Kingdom until the Prince should com himself or give som special order to the contrarie that Adriano's Commission was dated long before Don Ferdinando's deceas therefore not valeable besides that hee was a foreigner which was sufficient reason to bar his pretensions But at last they agreed to govern both together until they received further order from Don Carles This joint-Government continued a great while during which time several Grandees of the Kingdom were much discontented and murmured that a Frier and a stranger in a manner of the same stamp should bee raised to such a height above them as to rule and command the whole Kingdom and them they alleged that Don Fernando had no power to substitute or appoint anie one to administer the Government of that kingdom in regard that since the Catholick Queen 's death hee was not King but onely Governor thereof himself and that considering Donnia Iuana would not undergo the trouble of the Crown according to the Laws of that â—and they agreed that the Duke del Infantado the Lord High-Counstable and the Earl of Venavente should examine the Cardinal by what autoritie and power hee took upon him to bee Governor of those kingdoms Whereunto hee boldly made them answer By the Power of his Catholick Majestie And they replying that the Catholick King had no autoritie â—o to do hee led them to a brest-work which hee had made about the hous where hee then lodged and shewed them a great rank of Artillerie commanding his servants to discharge them all which don hee told them this is the power by which I do and will govern Spain until the Prince our Lord com to take charge of it himself they were not very well satisfied with this answer neither did that manner of discours bode anie good to the Kingdom Notwithstanding the oppositions and murmurations of the Grandees and others in Castillia the Cardinal continued at the helm in despight of all until his Majestie 's coming into Spain which was anno 1517. At which time the Cardinal finding himself indisposed was retired into a Monasterie of his own Order at Aquilera whither his Majestie beeing received at Valladolid sent him a letter thanking him for his former services and requiring him to repair with those of the Council to Mojados where hee might consult with him concerning the present settling of his affairs after which hee should bee eased of the weightie burthen of that troublesom emploiment and have libertie to solace and retire himself This Letter was said to bee penned by the Bishop Mota who envious of the Cardinal's power and studying nothing more then which waie to eclips his greatness perswaded his Majestie to write to him in those terms which his Eminence having perused it struck him into a high distemper and the violent passion of his minde joined with the infirmitie of his bodie increased his fever in such manner that hee rendred his soul into the Creator's hands within eight daies after and was buried at Alcala de Henares in the College of St Illefonso whereof hee was Founder After whose death the Arch-Bishoprick of Toledo was given to Guillermo de Croüy Bishop of Cambray and nephew to Monsieur de Xeures his Majesties chief favorite which bred no small discontent amongst the Castillians seeing the principal Jewel of their kingdom bestowed upon a foreigner Yet the general report was that the Marquis of Villena with other Grandees of Castillia desired and earnestly importuned his Majestie so to do and that of himself hee had no such Intention neither did Monsieur de Xeures ever mention it And it is not to bee thought that those Noblemen tooke pleasure in seeing anie stranger advanced above them in their own Countrie But they were induced hereunto out of hopes to ingratiate themselvs thereby to the Flemings and chiefly to Xeures who had the King's ear above anie at that time Such is the force and power of over-swaying Ambition which so bastardiseth and adulterate's the hearts even of Noble-men that they will descend or stoop to anie thing to currie favor with a Prince's Minion Don Carles at that time could not reckon above seventeen years and a half at most from his Nativitie which was a verie tender age to undergo so weightie a charge as was that of ruling so manie and so considerable Countries especially those of Spain where according to their Laws and Customs it never had been seen that a Youth so young and one that had been born and bred in foreign parts should sit in their King's Throne Hee understood no Spanish neither was hee acquainted with the inclinations and dispositions of the people therefore although hee was verie ingenuous and of as excellent and sweet a nature as could bee desired in a truly Christian Prince hee could do no less then suffer himself to bee advised and guided by som of more mature years and experience And having been bred and tutored from his infancie by Guillermo de Croüy Lord of Xeures who was Duke of Sora in the kingdom of Naples and afterwards Duke of Arschot in Brabant a man of ripe age solid Judgment and eminent parts answerable to his birth beeing descended of the illustrious stock of the Kings of Hungarie and recommended to bee his Governor by his Grandfather Maximilian the Emperor hee committed himself with the management of all State-affairs wholly to his wisdom and Xeures in matters concerning Spain beeing a stranger to that Countrie was led by Maestro Mota a Native of Burgos Bishop of Badajos and som other Castillians who were more ambitious then virtuous SECT VI. AFter the reception of the Prince Don Carles in Valladolid which was most splendid and magnificent all the Procuradores del Reyno or the Commissioners of the Kingdom were summoned to assemble in Parlament wherein the Castillians were highly distasted becaus the Lord Chancellor a Fleming assisted as President for his Highness and that other strangers were admitted to sit in Parlament Som of the Commissioners took the oath of Allegeance to his Highness as King others refused to acknowledg him to bee their King as long as
his Mother Donnia Iuana was living who was right heir to the Crown and that hee first should swear to maintein and observ the fundamental Laws and Customs of the Kingdom especially that no Offices or places of Benefit or Trust either Ecclesiastical or Temporal should bee conferred upon anie that were not Natives of that Countrie But at last all beeing agreed both the Grandees and Commissioners of the kingdom took the Oath the Cerimonie was in this manner On Sundaie the 7th of Februarie 1518 the Prince accompanied by all the Embassadors and Nobles of his Dominions having heard Mass in St Paul's Church at Valladolid was seated in a chair before the Altar and Adriano Cardinal of Tortosa holding the Evangelists in his hands Don Garzia de Padilla read with a loud voice the contents of the Oath which don the Infante Don Fernando swore first upon the book then went to kiss the King's hand but the King refusing to give his hand embraced him and laid his cheek to his brother's After that the Infante took his Sister Donnia Leoner by the hand and led her to swear and afterwards to kiss his Majestie 's hand but the King arose and kissed her cheek then they passed on the King's right hand and Don Fernando stood close to his chair bare headed Immediately came the Infante of Granada with the Arch-Bishop of Santiago the Bishop of Granado and other Prelates to take the Oath after them followed the Grandees and Nobles there present to whom the Infante Don Fernando held the Book Don Garzia read the Oath to the Nobles and likewise to the Commissioners of the several Cities who having sworn went all to kiss his Majestie 's hand After all which the King swore upon the same holy Evangelists to keep and fulfil all and everie thing and Article which hee had promissed and agreed of with the Commissioners Moreover was added if at anie time it should pleas God to restore the Queen Donnia Iuana his mother to her perfect health and abilitie to rule her Kingdom that hee should desist from the Government and that onely shee should reign That in all Writings Letters Commissions or publick Acts whatsoëver during the said Donnia Iuana's life her name should bee set in the first place and then his And that hee should bee styled onely Prince of Spain This don Te Deum laudamus was sung with great solemnitie and varietie of musical Instruments The Commissioners of the Kingdom beeing all assembled in Valladolid made a very discreet speech to the King in answer to that which the Bishop of Badajos and Don Garzia de Padilla had propounded in his Majestie 's name intimating that amongst themselvs they should seriously consider and weigh those things which were important to the good preservation and increasing of those kingdoms The Commissioners desired with very valid and good reasons That his Majestie would put in execution the holie and Catholick Propositions which hee had expressed in favor of his kingdom and the Subjects thereof And that they might enjoie the fruit of his so virtuous and holie desires they came to put him in minde how by a decree and express order from Heaven hee was chosen and called to bee King whose office was to govern well and to govern well was to administer Iustice giving to everie one that which is his and they desired that his chief ends and intention might tend thereunto for although Kings do possess divers other qualities and things recommendable as their linage dignities power honor riches delights estimation c. none of all these make a King according to right but onely the administring of Iustice And for this onely and in the name thereof the holie Ghost hath said That kings do reign That Iustice and the ruling therewith do require that when the Subjects sleep their kings should watch And that it was his part so to do for in effect hee was as an hireling to his Subjects for that caus did they give him part of their fruits and estates and serv him with their persons if need requiring it bee his pleasure to call them That by a certain tacit contract the King is obliged to do Iustice to his people which is a thing of such excellencie and Dignitie that God hath made it one of his own attributes calling himself the Iust Iudg that God beeing so great a friend and lover of Iustice would likewise bee a friend to him that should bee careful in preserving and administring thereof That the charge of him that is to judg beeing of such high importance hee whom God hath called to manage a Scepter hath need of som assistant therefore it is necessarie that the King should have som inferior Ministers that may bear a part of that weightie burthen and incessant cares which accompanie the Roial dignitie the supream Power still remaining in his own hands That a good King ought to choos and seek out such men for his Ministers as Moses did when hee received a command from God to elect seventie and two men out of his people who might assist him in the Government and eas him of a part of the care and troubles wherewith hee was surcharâ—â—d those men were to bee wise of mature years fearing God enemies to Covetousness and all other passions which may blinde and pervert the understanding That although they doubted not to finde all these perfections in his highness yet they humbly desired him to ratifie the ensuing Articles 1. That the Queen Donnia Iuana his mother might have a Court and attendants suitable to the Dignitie of her person as beeing the Queen and Ladie proprietarie of those Kingdoms whereunto hee answered That hee thanked them and assured them that hee had nothing in greater recommendation then what concerned that particular as they should finde by effects 2. That hee would bee pleased to marrie with what convenient speed might bee it beeing very requisite for the good of the kingdom that hee should leav a prosperous issue to rule manie years over them the King replyed That hee would consider thereupon and do that which shall bee most conducing to his honor the benefit of his Kingdoms and the succession thereof 3. That the Infante Don Fernando might not go out of the kingdom until hee were married and had children the king made answer That hee was not more careful of anie thing in the world then of the advancement of his brother the Infante and that hee would order nothing to bee don concerning his person but what should bee for his advantage and the good of those kingdoms 4. That hee would bee pleased to speak Spanish for by practising hee would the sooner learn and better understand his Subjects and bee understood by them Hee answered That hee was well contented and would strive so to do and the rather becaus they desired it in the name of the Kingdoms so afterwards hee did speak Spanish with them and others 5. That hee would not alienate anie
thing from the Roial Crown and if anie should desire Iustice of him for their grievances that hee would give order to have it don them Hee answered That hee would do therein according to his Oath and would redress all those that came to complain 6. That whatsoêver the Catholick King and Don Philip his father had given away by waie of Dowrie or Legacie hee would command to bee fulfilled for the repose and discharging of their consciences Hee answered That hee would provided that it might bee don without prejudice to the Roial Patrimonie Sixtie seven more Articles they propounded which becaus they are more at large specified hereafter I shall forbear to trouble the Reader with them in this place His Majestie gave so gracious an answer to them all thanking the Comâ—issioners in a very courteous manner that they remained very well apayed and satisfied The Subsidie which they granted him in this first Parlament according to Fray Antonio de Guevara's relation was one hundred and fiftie millions of Marauediz Aâ—d Pero-Mexia saith it was six hundred thousand Duâ—kets tâ— bee raised the three first years The Parlament beeing ended there was celebrated a Iust or Turnamâ—nt Royal in the chief market place of Valladolid five and twentie against five and twentie Som Spaniards and som Flemish Noblemen who strove to out-view each other aswell in the ricâ—neâ—s of their habits and livâ—ries as in feats of arms Seven of them were killed and som hurt therefore it was commonly said That for a Combat in earnest the loss was not great but for a jest it was too much After this solemnitie which â—ontinued certain daies the King having visited his moâ—her Donnia Iuana and the Queen Germana leaving all things in good order in Castillia departed â—ith his Court for Aragon taking his sister Donnia Leonor and the Queen Germana with him Hee made the town of Aranda in his waie whither his brother the Infante Don Fernando was returned with small contentment becaus they made such haste to pack him out of Spain There the King remained som few daies during which time the Infante was dispatched for Flandâ—rs as was before determined for the Kiâ—g â—ot beeing yet arrived in Castillia som men of note about the Inâ—ante's person put thoughts into his head of succeeding his grandfather in the Crown and it was greatly to bee feaâ—ed that the Casâ—illians wâ—uld have declared for him to the prejudice of Don Carles hee beeing of their Countrie and his brother a Fleming besides his name Fernando was enough to gain him the affection and hearts of all Spain for his Grandfatâ—ers sake whose memorie was held in great honor and adoration amongst them But God disposed it otherwise for the good and quiet of those Kingdoms Don Fernando beeing fitted with attendants and all necessaries for his voiage the King continued his progress into Aragon hee was received in Saragosa with very great solemnitie and joie the 15 of Maie 1518. The Castillians expressed much discontent at the departure of the Infante Don Fernando and began to murmur every where they beeing of opinion that hee ought not to bee sent out of the Kingdom until his brother were married and had children They were likewise distasted and the Aragoneses also at the present Government for they could not endure that strangers should bear so great swaie in their Countrie that all businesses must pass through the hands of Xeures and his friends who had the name of beeing over-greedie and covetous the same brand was laied upon the rest of the Flemings that attended his Majestie But that was no wonder for all Prince's Favorites bee they never so just and well deserving are generally envied and abhorred by most people They said moreover that the King was wilful untractable disdainful and gave small testimonies of affection to the Spanish Nation with divers other such like discontented speeches which are mentioned more at large hereafter But to saie the truth the King was no waie to bee blamed for hee was so young that of necessitie hee must suffer himself to bee directed by those who had bred him up from his infancie Time made the Spaniards plainly see when hee came to riper years that hee loved respected and esteemed them above all other Nations which appeared by his placing them in offices of the greatest Honor and Trust not onely in Spain but in Italie Flanders and Germanie SECT VII THe King having been som daies at Saragosa the Parlament began which continued so long that hee was forc'd to remain there eight moneths there the grand Chancellor dyed not much lamented by the Spaniards who abhorred the verie memorie of him and hee cared more for his gold then for their favor or displeasure This Monsieur de Laxao left a very bad name behinde him in his place by his Majestie 's command succeeded Mercurino de Gatinara a man of singular wisdom and learning a friend to Iustice and Equitie and a great Iurisconsult The Grandees of the Kingdom of Aragon beeing assembled in the Arch-Bishop's Palace who was unckle to the King they desired him to let them understand his pleasure for they were very willing and desirous to serv him as they had don his Predecessors but conditionally that they might enjoie the antient Customs and Privileges of the Kingdom the King answered they should But considering the indisposition of the Queen his mother hee willed and required them to acknowlegd him their King as those of Castillia had don Whereunto the Iurados or Iurates in the name of the kingdom replied they would though it was against the Laws his mother beeing yet living So that his Highness would bee pleased to swear the Infante Don Fernando Prince of Spain the same daie as they should swear him King not that the Infante should remain Prince and heir to the Crown but onely until such time as hee should bee married and God should bless him with som hopeful issue to succeed him whereunto if his Highness would not consent they would swear him Executor and Administrator of the Queen his mother's estate and if hee would not condescend to this they told him in plain terms that they had no leav nor power to do otherwise and although they had they would not put it in execution for that would much prejudice and damnifie their exemptions The King was much displeased at their peremptoriness and answered them not one syllable the Grandees of Castillia beeing present grew out of patience at the Aragoneses sawciness and the Earl of Venavente told the King openly that if his Majestie would take his Counsel hee should make them com under the yoke that hee would venter his life and fortune to serv him in that design that his Majestie 's onely waie was to rais a powerful Armie and subdue that Kingdom by force of Arms and so hee might impose upon them what Laws hee pleased not such as they desired and fancied At which words
the Earl of Aranda answered the Earl of Venavente in such harsh and bitter tearms that all the Palace and the Grandees of the Court were com almost to daggers drawing So that the King had much to do to pacifie them commanding everie one of them to repair to their own houses and not to stir abroad upon pain of death But his Commands were not fully obeied that time for night beeing com divers of both parties met in the streets and manie of them were sore wounded and questionless the dispute had been more bloudie if the Arch-Bishop had not left his supper and com out with other Noblemen to part them The next daie the King made the Earls of Venavente and Aranda friends which don the Aragoneses were brought to reason and beeing willing to conform themselvs with the Castillians they took the same Oath and acknowleged the King to bee their King and Lord jointly with Donnia Iuana the Queen his mother as had been don in Castillia SECT VIII IN the beginning of the year 1519 the Parlament of Aragon beeing ended the King went to visite his Dominions of Barcelona and would have don the like in the Kingdom of Valencia if his occasions had permitted Beeing at Barcelona news was brought him that Maximilian the â—mperor his Grandfather died at Belsis the 12th of Januarie 1519 whereat hee was not a little troubled all the Court was forthwith put into mourning and his Obsequies celebrated with very great solemnitie according to the honor and greatness of his person who was one of the most virtuous and wel-deserving Emperors that ever had command in Germanie hee was of a most noble and generous disposition pious and valiant The ten first years of his age hee could make no use at all of his tongue insomuch that the Emperor Frederick his father thought hee would bee dumb or a fool But coming to mature years hee gave great evidences of very rich endowments of his soul. Hee died of a Flux in the sixtie third year of his age having governed the Empire twentie five years after his Father 's deceas Francis the First of France stood in competition with Don Carles for the succession to the Imperial Crown and left no waie unattempted to corrupt the Elâ—ctors and make them of his partie But the major part after manie long and serious debates thinking it more fit to continue that Dignitie to the Hous of Austria who were Natives of that Countrie then to transfer it upon a strange Prince made the election in favor of Don Carles King of Spain to the great contentment of all Princes and people of Germamie The Electors of the sacred Empire at that time were Alberto Archbishop of Maguncia or Mâ—ntz Hertnao Archbishop of Colonia Ricardo Archbishop of Trâ—ues Frederico Duke of Saxonia Lewis King of Bohemia and Hungaria Ioachim Marquis of Brandeburg Lewis Count Palatine of the Rhyne The Election beeing past in Franckfort and published all over Germanie the Electors sent Frederick Duke of Baviers into Spain to his Majestie in mean time they ordered all matters concerning the Empire and made Casimire of Brandeburg Captain General of the Imperial forces until the new Emperor should com to receiv his Crown Whilst these things passed in Germanie the King celebrated in Barcelona the feast of the Order of the golden Fleece there the Lord high Counstable of Castillia Don Innigo de Velasco Don Iadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva Don Alvaro de Zunniga Duke of Vejar Don Fadrique Enriquez Lord Admiral of Castilla Don Estavan Alvarez Cesorio Marquis of Astorga received the Order But the Earl of Venavente refused it saying that hee was a right Castillian and cared not for anie badges of foreign honor those of his own Countâ—ie beeing as good and in his opinion far better The Duke of Cordona in the Kingdom of Aâ—agon and the Prince of Bisâ—â—gnano a Neapolitâ—ne stood not upon those nice tearms but accepted the Order as a particular favor from his Majestie About the same time the Queen Germana finding more contentment in the Companie of a Husband then in the solitarie condition of a widow was married with great solemnitie to the Marquis of Brandeburg brother to the Elector who though of a very illustrious extraction was so incomparably inferior to the Majestie and greatness of her former husband Don Fernando that her judgment was much censured for her chois and the Courtiers thought so slightly of her that divers would not give her the style of Highness until his Majestie commanded it who assisted personally at the solemnitie thinking thereby to endeer thâ— Elector of Brandenburg the more to vote in his behalf At the beginning of Julie in the same year arrived at Barcelona Frederick Duke of Baviers brother to Lewis Duke of Baviers Elector and Count Palatine with the dispatches from the Electors and having delivered his embassage the Chancellor Mercurino de Gatinara answered that his Majestie did receiv very willingly the â—lection of the Empire which the seven Princes Electors had conferred upon him that hee would take that weightie and honorable care upon himself out of the great affection which hee bore his native Countrie and that hee would endeavor with all convenient speed to settle his affairs in Spain and make a voiage into Germanie Thus the Empire beeing setled upon Don Carles of Spain and the King of France deprived of all his hopes notwithstanding the vast summs of monie and presents wherewith hee thought to purchase the Elector's Votes his envie and choler grew beyond the bounds of moderation and hee resolved forthwith to act what mischief hee could and interess the power of all other Princes his Allies against the Emperor Elect. SECT IX WHilest the King or Emperor Elect was at Barcelona hee demanded the Catalanes to receiv and acknowledg him their King which they refused for a while neither would they consent that hee should call anie Parlamemt in their Countrie but at last they were perswaded to reason and swore Alleageance to him as Castillia and Aragon had don The Emperor upon notice of his Election and solicitation of the Princes of Germanie for his going hither had not the leisure to visit the Kingdom of Valencia as hee intended therefore hee desired that those of that Kingdom would swear and acknowledg him King without obliging him to bee personally present in regard it was imposslble for him to perform that journie at that time by reason of his new and unexspected occasions which called him another waie But they would not hearken to anie such motion and scornfully made answer that they were as good as Aragoneses or Catalanes and since hee had spent two years time in those Countries why could not hee staie two moneths at Valencia The Emperor beeing readie to depart from Barcelona sent Cardinal Adriano to Valencia to pacifie that Kingdom and gave Commission to the Infante Don Enrique and the Arch-Bishop of
the Kingdom That the Parlament should bee adjourned and held in Castillia and not at Santjago nor in the Kingdom of Galicia That the Offices and Governments should not bee vendible That som good order should bee taken in the Inquisition which might tend to the service and glorie of God and that no bodie should bee molested That the grievances and wrongs of private Persons of the Kingdom should bee righted and repaired These were the principal heads of the demands Toledo then sent to his Majestie but the Commotions increasing gave them the boldness to add new matter to their Petition as you shall see hereafter SECT XI I Have declared already the combustions that were in Valladolid and the Emperor's determination to depart thence purposing to take his waie by Tordesillas to visit the Queen his mother Which beeing known and noised through the Citie moreover that hee would carrie his mother out of the Kingdom with him the Citizens and Common People were so much troubled at it that they vented divers as bitter exclamations as a furious passion could dictate to their disturbed mindes But the chief Burgesses Deputies and other Officers met in Consultation at the Monasterie of St Paul to take order for investing their Commissioners with a general Power to grant what the Emperor should demand in Parlament to petition his Majestieâ—om â—om things in their favor and to kiss his hand before his departure While they were thus assembled on Mondaie morning Don Pedro Lasso with his Companions arriveing the same daie at Valladolid and beeing alighted went to visit them But Alonso Ortiz his fellow Commissioner who resided in Court said in regard the Emperor was gon to Church to praie for his good journie to Tordesillas that hee thought it convenient for them to go first to the Palace for perchance his Majestie beeing informed of their arrival would vouchsafe to staie a little and give them Audience In this interim som Inhabitants of Valladolid beeing told of the Toledo-Commissioner's coming went to salute them desiring that they would indevor to procure som Remedie against those miseries and grievances under which the Kingdom then so much groaned Hereupon it was agreed amongst them that the Towns-men should presently put themselvs in a readiness to oppose and hinder the Emperor from going out of the Kingdom or depart that Citie in which attempt Don Pedro Lasso offered to venture his fortune with them if they would stand to him and that they should seiz upon Xeures and som Flemings of the chief of his Majestie 's Council and Bed-chamber binding first those Towns-men with a solemn oath not to desert him in that enterprize Beeing pricked with this over-dilligent itch of putting in execution the orders and Commands which their Citie had imposed upon them before they went to kiss the Emperor's hands which had been the right waie beeing accompanied with a gang of Common People and som Deputies of the Wards who by this time were come in to them they went directly to the Monasterie of St Paul to salute and communicate their design with the chief of the Citie there assembled To whom they made a speech signifying the Causses of their comming and what they intended to desire of his Majestie in behalf of their Citie justifying their demands and coloring them with the most specious pretences that could bee And indeed as at first their meaning was their affection and zeal to their Prince were such that their thoughts I believ differed nothing from their expressions until things were brought unto such a pass that there was no hopes of remedie and that those that had the power or the wisdom made a breach through their miseries as did Don Pedro Lasso and divers other gentlemen And at the last they desired that as they had written and offered to the Citie of Toledo they would send their Commissioners with them to make a Joint-demand of the same things which Salamanca and other Cities desired for a Petition beeing countenanced by so manie Cities would bee much more available Their speech beeing thus ended by the general consent of the Assemblie Don Hernando Enriquez brother to the Lord Admiral returned them this answer That as yet they were not fully determined what to do and for that caus they were there assembled That they would resolv upon that which should tend most to the King's service and the good of the Kingdom That they might do what they saw good The Commissioners of Toledo perceiving Valladolid otherwaies inclined then they exspected went forthwith to the Palace leaving them in consultation SECT XII THey came to the Emperor's Chamber of presence just as hee was risen from dinner With his Majestie were the Marquis of Villena the Earl of Venavente the Earl of Miranda the Duke of Alburquerque the Earl of Haro the Earl of Castro the Earl of Palma the Marquis of Brandenbourg the Archbishop of Santjago the Bishop of Palencia Monsieur de Xeures and Don Pedro Giron the Earl of Urenia's eldest son It hapned as those Commissioners came in Don Pedro Giron was talking with the King so loud that everie one might hear him Hee said that his Majestie might remember that beeing at Barcelona the first of March anno 1519 hee did him the honor to give him a writing under his hand wherein hee promissed that at his arrival in Castilla hee would command the Judges to examine and determine according to Law the right which hee pretended and claimed to the Estate of Medina Sidonia as the portion and inheritance of the Ladie Mencia de Gusman his wife Daughter to the Duke Don Iohn deceased and that his Majestie beeing since at Burgos hee had again refresh't his memorie by waie of Petition that hee had don the like there in Valladolid and yet his Majestie was upon his departure without giving anie order for the performance of that which hee had promised under his hand and hereupon hee fell into a vain of very presumptuous language such as savored of too much sauciness and audacitie Amongst other things hee said That since his Majestie did not do him Justice hee intended to right himself with his own hand and that for so great an injurie and without reason so publick and so known as his Majestie had made it to all the world by suffering him to bee so abused against Equitie or Justice and contrary to that which his Majestie did owe to his own Royal word hee having so punctually performed all the duties that could bee required of his Loialtie hee had now no more to saie or do but onely to let his Majestie understand That for fault of the remedie which hee did not give him and for the great injurie which hee now did him hee could and would make use of all those provisions which the Laws of the Kingdom of Spain did ordain in favor and for the redressing of oppressed and injured Gentlemen and to this effect it was sufficient to ask his Majestie 's permission
no ground for this tumult it was presently appeased and the people were ashamed and sorrie for the irreverence and disrespect they had shewn the Emperor The Officers of Justice of Valladolid began to make diligent inquirie who had rung the Bell or who gave order for the ringing of it But the Portuguez could not bee found so others paied for him Som had their feet cut off Som were whipped Som banished and their goods confiscate Som others had their houses pluck't down There was whip't amongst others a Goldsmith a man of good account a Citizen of the Town becaus it was proved that hee had received som Letters from the said Portuguez som other Goldsmiths and som officers of the Town beeing also taken were very much afraid that they should bee brought to the like publick shame and punishment But the Emperor beeing informed of the good intention of that Citie towards him and that what they had don was not out of malice or anie premeditated design to do him anie injurie hee sent an Order for releasment of the prisoners and commanded that there should bee no more said of it The Dean having apprehended and clap't in prison three Priests of St Michael's Church the Judges of the Court in the Emperor's name required him to deliver them the said Priests in regard they were accused to have given their consents to the ringing of the Bell. They were accordingly delivered and carried upon three great Mules with Irons upon their legs through the chief streets of the Citie until they came to Fuen-Saldania's Fort which then stood for the King and was kept by the sons of Don Iohn de Vivero Viscount of Altamira becaus hee had unworthily made away his wife and there they remained manie daies until the Emperor was satisfied of the truth SECT XIV THe Emperor came to Tordesillas soundly wet and durtie and no bodie with him but Xeures the rest could not keep pace with him and having refreshed himself there one daie hee continued on his journie to Villalpando where hee had appointed the Commissioners of Toledo to attend him They beeing com thither before met with the Commissioners of Salamanca who were Don Pedro Maldonado who was afterwards beheaded and Antonio Fernandez Regidores of that Citie with them were their Messingers also viz. Iohn Alvarez Maldonado and Antonio Enriquez who were chiâ—fly sent to underfeel what instructions those of Toledo had in all particulars and had order to conform themselvs in all points to the Messengers of that Citie At Villalpando a Town belonging to the Lord High Constable did these Commissioners and others exspect his Majestie 's coming Upon Sundaie after they had been at Church they went to the Palace to the end the Emperor should give them audience while they were attending his Majestie 's pleasure in the Hall came to them Don Garzia de Padilla and MoÌ„ta Bishop of Palencia who wished them in the Emperor's name but they thought it was from Xeures to tell them the message they had from their Citie Don Pedro Lasso and Don Alonso answered That their Citie had commanded them to speak to his Majestie and though they importuned them never so much they would not declare unto them their business Thereupon the Bishop and Don Garzia returned into the King's Chamber but after a little time came out again and told these Commissioners that if they would not give them an account wherefore they were com before they kissed his Majestie 's hand they should not have audience The Commissioners seeing there was no remedie conâ—ented to impart the substance of their Message to them which done it was agreed that at two a clock in the afternoon if they returned to the Palace they should have audience They suspected that this diligence and earnestness of the Bishop's and Don Garzia'â— to know their business was becaus the Emperor at that time beeing very young and not much versed in State-affairs Xeures who was verie discreet and politick had put them on to urge it before they were admitted to the end hee might prepare the Emperor to give them an answer The Commissioners returned at the hour and delivered their message to the King but would not consent that anie others should bee present onely the Bishop and Don Garzia the substance of their discours was as â— have said They insisted chiefly that his Majestie ought not to go out of the Kingdom and conluded with this Article saying however if hee did resolv upon his departure that hee would command such order to bee left for the Government that the Cities of the Kingdom might have their share therein And likewise that hee would bee pleased to demand no Subsidies at all and other things reasonable enough as wee shâ—ll see hereafter Which indeed were so just that a Dore-keeper nam'd Duranges wep't to hear them considering the great reason the Castillians had to complain But it availed them little at that time for they were then discountenanced and not treated according as their's and their Ancestor's good service had deserved The Emperor told them onely that hee had heard them and would give order for their answer The same hee said to those of Salamanca who spake to him afterwards and in effect desired the same things as the Toledians had telling him moreover that they had order from their Citie to conform themselvs in everie thing with the Commissioners of Toledo To whom the Emperor sent word by the Bishop Mota and Don Garzia de Padilla That in regard his Council was at Venavente whither hee was to go within two daies they should not fail to meet him there to receiv their answer which they did accordingly The Emperor beeing arrived at Venavente Don Pedro Lasso and his Companion presented themselvs for their answer Whereupon the Emperor commanded his Council of Iustice and of State to assemble who having considered the circumstances and manner of those Commissioners jointly gave their opinion that they deserved rather to bee punished then to receiv anie good answer or satisfaction to their demands wherefore the Emperor sent for them into his chamber and with a severely frowning Countenance as Don Pedro Lasso afterwards declared told them that hee was not pleased with what they did and that if hee did not consider from what Parents they were descended hee would have them punished according to their deserts for medling with what they had undertaken and that they should go to the President of his Council who would tell them further what they were to do They began to excuse themselvs but the Emperor not willing to hear them retired himself Then Don Garzia de Padilla taking them aside gave them a notable schooling and reproved them sharply for what they had done telling them that their boldness in insisting so much to the hinderance of a journie which so deeply concerned not onely the honor and reputation of the Emperor but also the securitie and preservation of his Estate was beyond the thought
came against it This treaty continued a good while at length Don Iohn seeing divers of his neer kinsmen against him his friends and Allies and considering that hee wanted provisions to make anie long resistance to avoid the damages his standing out might have occasioned suffered himself to bee perswaded to deliver up the Fort upon condition that one of his own servants should remain as Commander having first taken the Oath of fealty Thus on Saturday 21 of April Don Iohn and his Children with the other gentlemen and friends that were retired thither came out of the Fort and went to a village of his four leagues thence from which place hee wrote again to the Emperor informing him how the People had taken the Fort from him and possessed themselvs of all the Gates and Bridges of the Citie which news incensed his Majestie very much yet hee did not resolve to send any Souldiery thither becaus every one told him that beeing a business of no foundation it must needs fall again of it self All this passed before the Governor went out of the Citie or gave up his Staff So all the Common People conducted by their Chiefs went next unto his hous and made him swear that hee should hold his staff or acknowledg his autoritie and Office as from the Communalty of Toledo Hee beeing affrighted with this tumult condescended to what they would have him do the People soon after broke out and did what they listed seeing him so helpless and so void of resolution The Citie thus wanting both Governor and Don Iohn de Sylva Those of the Communaltie became freemen and Lords of all They constituted Deputies and began to settle a form of government at their own pleasures Saying they did it in the name of the King Queen and Communaltie In this manner began the great troubles and commotions of Toledo SECT XXVII DOn Pedro Lasso arrived at a village of his called Cueua in his way to Gibraltar whither hee intended to go like a good and Loial Subject in obedience to his Majestie 's Command although the fortie dayes hee was limited were expired But Toledo having notice of his beeing there They sent to desire him to return to the Citie Hee would have excused himself Saying that hee was to repair to Gibraltar in Order to that which the Emperor had commanded whereupon they ordered a party of Hors to seiz upon him and bring him thither Hee not beeing able to withstand them went though seemingly against his will and got privately into his own hous but could not keep himself long concealed for the People gathering presently together went to his hous and forcing him to com forth carried him to the Church Hee rode on horsback and the People went on foot by him with great acclamations of joie applauding and extolling the Valor and resolution hee had shewen in their behalfs for indeed at that time Hee was beloved and highly esteemed not onely of that People but of the whole Kingdom This favor and honor which everie one did him made him not reflect so soon upon his Error For Don Pedro was a very sweet dispositioned gentleman without malice and besides his good naturâ— a great friend to justice and the weal of his country and therefore hee ingaged so far in those first broils Whosoever knew what hee was will acknowledg all this for the noble bloud that ran in his veins would not suffer him to degenerate from his Ancestor's generositie who were of the Grandees of Spain Hee beeing son to Don Garci Lasso de la Vega Comendador mayor de Leon one of the most renowned gentlemen that were in the times of the Catholick Kings Saâ—cha de Guzman Ladie of Batres descended from that most illustrious familie of the Guzmans of Leon was his mother Hee was nephew to Don Gomez Xuarez de Figueroa Father to the first Earl of Feria and to the Lady Eluina Lasso de la Vega sister to the Marquis of Santillana which two houses Vega and Mendosa were of the most Illustrious families of all Spain This was his extraction and it is to bee expected that his thoughts and desires to serv his Prince should bee correspondent as the Emperor and his son King Philip had good experience of afterwards Who in times very troublesom when they had need of men of resolution and loialty sent Garci Lasso Don Pedro Lasso's son their Embassador to Paul the fourth about businesses of very high consequence and great difficulty I finde my self obliged to this digression for the honor of so noble a person It beeing no less then my dutie not to suffer such eminent virtues to bee buried in Oblivion although it doth somwhat hinder the Story SECT XXVIII IT was generally voted by the Communalty of Toledo which already gave themselvs the attribute of Holie for further security of their place and persons That it was expedient to turn the Governor and all his Officers out of the Citie notwithstanding hee had taken an Oath to Officiate for them For the better effecting whereof they raised a mutinie pretending to kill him and to take away the staves from Him his Lievtenant and other Officers who presently delivered them for fear of their lives The Governor the Lord chief Justice and the High Sheriff fled to Don Pedro Lasso's hous for refuge where hee secured them and Hernando de Avalos with som other gentlemen The tumult of the Common People beeing appeased they were conducted out of the Citie on foot then they took hors and rode to Alcala de Henares Whence the Governor sent one of his Officers named Don Pedro del Castillo to inform the Emperor of these passages in Toledo The Citie set guards at all their gates and Avenues that no body should go out to give notice of their proceedings nor anie one com in without beeing examined who hee was whence hee came and what letters hee brought All this was done by the general command and consent of all the gentlemen that assisted in this insurrection of the Common People and all the Fryers and Priests excepting som few who absented and withdrew themselvs though with danger of their lives The Order they kept to conform themselvs in these disorders was That every time they were to treat of anie business the inhabitants of every perticular parish were to assemble and two publick Notaries with them before whom every man how mean soever was to sit down and declare his opinion SECT XXIX THe 8th of Maie in the same year was published at the Groyn this rising of Toledo som were glad of it others sorry every one according as hee stood affected Som advised the Emperor to take post and go to Toledo and inflict som exemplarie punishment upon the principal delinquents which might bee a means to keep the whole Kingdom in subjection The Emperor beeing young and full of Spirit approved of that counsel but Monsieur de Xeures disswaded him fearing greater disorders if hee went thither and
knowing the strength and scituation of that Citie besides considering the heat of the people's fury and that the mischief would bee greater if they had the impudence to affront him in Person as it was probable they would fearing to bee punished for what they had don already That their fury beeing most violent in the beginning which time alone could mitigate and appeas their first impetuosity would soon bee over as most commonly it is observed in such commotions which kindled with a little fire and without any grounds are allayed again with as little water Besides all these allegations Xeures had a longing desire to bee in his own Country verifying in that this saying That wheresoever the Treasure is there is the heart also Moreover the Emperor had a particular necessitie for a thousand reasons which neerly concerned the reputatâ—on of his person not to defer his departure but rather to hasten it all hee could beeing exceedingly urged by the Princes Electors and that hee might not give his enemies anie time to hinder the Election of the Empire the King of England beeing then likewise in expectation of som interest therein And besides it was of no small consequence for him to bee gon before the King of France was joined with the King of England who were reported to meet the first of Iune at Calis These considerations setled the Emperor's determination of going into Germanie his Council supposing that the business of Toledo would go no further no body imagining what afterwards did ensue SECT XXX THings beeing in the condition I have declared The Commissioners of Toledo never came to the Parlament which was concluded by them that were there who granted his Majestie the subsidie hee desired which was two hundred Millions of Marauediz to bee payd in three years whereunto som would not consent and those that did had trouble and displeasure enough from their Cities for it Salamanca Toro Madrid Murcia Cordoua and Toledo opposed whose Commiâ—sioners had no hand in the granting it neither came they into the Parlament-hous One of the Commissioners of Leon refused it the other consented Of those that did allow it som were induced thereto by their own particular interests few out of zeal or affection to his Majestie 's service The Emperor beeing ready to depart onely staying for a winde and his desire granted for matter of subsidie although som of his Council were of opinion that hee should not receiv it as Don Alonso Telles Lord of La Puebla de Montalvan Bishop Mota and Francisco de Vargas His Majestie sent for those Grandees of the Kingdom that were then there who were Don Diego Lopez de Pacheco Marquis of Villena Don Inigo de Velasco Constable of Castilla the Earl of Venavente the Duke of Alburquerque the Duke of Medina Celi the Marquis of Astorga the Earl of Lemos the Earl of Monterrey and the Commissioners of the Kingdom then present to whom hee sayd hee was then ready to depart beeing neerly concerned in the election of the Empire and that God willing hee would sodainly return In mean time hee left governor of those Kingdomes the Cardinal Adriano Bishop of Tortosa one of his Council who was a person eminent for his learning and good conscience and hee required and commanded them to assist and favor him that his Kingdomes might bee well governed The major part of these gentlemen disliked this motion for som reasons whereof one was that the Cardinal was a stranger but som approving it the Emperor took no notice of the opposers neither did hee admit of any replies SECT XXXI THe Emperor being at the Groyn divers requests were made to him in the Kingdomâ—s name as followeth That his Majestie would bee pleased to return speedily into those Kingdomes and govern them in his own person as his predecessors had done For nothing that they could ask him would bee so satisfactorâ—e and acceptable to those Kingdoms as his safe and speedy return in regard Spain was not accustomed to bee without their King neither could they bee governed by any other with the peace and quiet which is necessary and expedient That assoon as hee should com back hee would bee pleased to marry for the universal good of the Kingdoms that they might have the seed of his Roial Person to succeed him in regard his age did require it That the Queen's Court might bee put into such order as was suitable to the dignitie of Her Roial Person and the honor of those Kingdoms That Shee might have Officers of trust about her who should bee well treated and incouraged with good rewards That at his return hee would bee pleased to bring with him no Flemings French or other strangers to have any Office of importance in those Kingdoms but that hee would advance and employ the natives of that Country who would serv him with much loyaltie and affection That those Kingdoms beeing at Peace and under his Majestie 's subjection hee would not bring anie souldiers of Forreign Countries for defence thereof or to bee guards of his own person Alleadging that in that Countrie the People beeing very warlike and of courage enough to conquer other Nations what might they think could bee the reason but his distrust of them if hee should take strangers for his guard That Hee would govern and settle his hous in such order as the Catholick Kings his forefathers and other Kings his Predecessors had done That no wages or pensions should bee given to the Wives or Children of anie Courtiers that were not in service unless in acknowledgment and recompence of services done by the Father deceased hee would gratifie the surviving Children That in regard there were many superfluous Offices added in the Queen's houshould which were not of former times they should bee all taken away again and no Salaries allowed for them That no Grandee should have anie office in the King 's or Queen's houshould as in relation to the Exchequer or Treasurie That whilest his Majestie was absent the Salaries of his Domesticks should bee payed out of his own Revenue That the Governors they were to have during his absence might bee Natives of either of those Kingdomes of Castilla or Leon. That such Governors might have powâ—er to confer anie Offices or dignities of the Kingdom except Bishopricks Lievtenantships and Commanderies of Orders That neither the King nor anie Noblemen should give billets for lodging and in case they did that the People should not bee obliged to reciev them unless they listed But when his Majestie goeth his progress That there should bee lodgings and furniture provided for his familie and Court gratis so that hee make no longer stay then fifteen dayes in a place if more afterwards hee should pay And that his guard and Souldiery bee lodged and quartered according to the usual manner That there should bee one hundred lodgings and no more provided for his Majestie 's familie at the Charge of the Place where hee shall stay That there should
Andrade Earl of Andrade Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza who did great services to the Emperor and Monsieur de Xeures with the rest of the Flemings So with a most harmonious noise of Minstrels and Trumpets they weighed ancker and set saile with great acclamations of joy leaving sad Spaine over-charged with sorrow and misfortunes They shaped their course directly for England and the sixth day the whole Fleet arrived at the Downs The same day being whitsunday The Emperor landed with all his nobility and servants where hee was received by the Cardinal of England favorite to King Henry the Eight and by whom hee was much governed The same night the King of England came by post thither the expressions of affection and the great contentment which the King of England seemed to take in his Majestie 's company were beyond relation The next day the two King 's went to visite St Tho of Canterburie's tomb where Queen Katherine wife to King Henry and Aunt to the Emperor attended them in a sumptuously adorned Palace wherein they spent the three dayes of whitsuntide with great Jollity and feasting The holy-daies being past and the Princes having treated sufficiently of what concerned them and confirmed a Peace with great testimonies of affection on both sides the Emperor took leave of his Aunt and the King and went to Deal a harbour in the same Island And so imbarked again and sailed to Flushing His arrivall was incredibly welcom to the Inhabitants of all those Provinces the same expressions of joy were all Germany over assoon as they knew of his landing where hee was infinitely desired Hee went from Holland into Flanders without anie stay but in all places where hee did pass hee was most Splendidly entertained especially at Gant where Margarita his Aunt and the Infante Don Fernando his brother who was Arch-Duke of Austria exspected his coming Thence hee went towards Calis to visit again the King and Queen of England who mean time the Emperor was at Sea met the King of France there who endeavoured all hee could to possess the King of England with a disaffection of the Emperor whose power and greatnesse hee envied and repined at Having made this second visit the Emperor returned to Gant where hee put himself in fit equipage to receiv the Crown at Aquisgran Where we will leave him for the present and return to relate the the miseries and troubles of Spain SECT XXXIII THe Emperor's departure was diversly resented in Spain Those that were honestly minded and of sober and quiet dispositions approved of it esteeming it just and requisite but feared much what after did ensue But the factious and Seditious Party were otherwise affected They rejoiced at it and hugged themselvs in the fancie and vain hope of increasing their estates and reputation with these dissensions and alterations delighting as the Proverb saith to fish in troubled water The Emperor being gone from the Groyn all the Nobilitie and Gentrie which stayed behinde returned to their owne houses and the Commissioners or Burgesses of Parlament repayred to their respective Cities and towns with feare enough of their Republicks The Cardinal and those of his Council tooke their way towards Valladolid and before they arrived there newes was brought them of the Commotions of the Cities of Castilla The Emperor was very ill advised in not leaving the government of those Kingdoms to some Nobleman of that Countrie as was desired of him in Parlament whom as a Grandee of note and power they might feare and love honor and respect him as their Countryman Or if they had done as when necessitie constrained them they did afterwards all had been well The fault being laid upon Xeures hee sayed That it was not so ordered that his Majestie thought there were no Noblemen in Castilla worthy of that honor but because of the factions and partialities amongst them the conferring it upon one should not disgust the others SECT XXXIIII THe Cardinal and his Council being arrived at Venavente an express from Don Iohn de Acunia Governor of Segovia came to them purposely to inform them of a notoriously haynous accident befallen in that Citie which was thus One of the Commissioners or Burgesses that was sent thence to the Parlament at Santjago named Iohn or Antony de Tordesillas Regidor and native of that Citie gave his consent to the granting the Subsidies his Majestie demanded Hee brought for the Citie the Pole-money to bee payed by way of excise and a gratuity of one hundred thousand Maravediz for reparation of the walls and for himself hee had procured a very good governement and received an office which the Mint or coyning house had given for lost It is a custome in Segovia every Tuesday in whitsonweek that the Collectors meet to treat concerning the Revenue of Corpus Christi Church It hapned that being all together one of them inconsiderately sayed Gentlemen you know that Don Iohn de Acunia is Governor of this Citie and that hee never set foot in it and yet not satisfied to under value us hee maintein's here certain Officers to robb us rather then to administer Iustice. And I vow to God if the former stole away our Cloaks these strip us to the very Skins Moreover know that the Governor hath put in here a Deputy more fool then valiant Hee is not satisfied with the injuries hee doth us by day but hee leads a dog to catch men in the night And my opinion is That if any one hath done what hee ought not to doe Hee should apprehend him in his house like a Christian and not hunt him with doggs in the Mountains like a Moore For a man of any credit is more troubled at his being apprehended in the open street then at his Imprisonment A certain old man called Melon chanced to bee present at these words who had for many years executed the office of a Sergeant or Catch-pole as they call them and therefore was hated and abhorred by all the people This poore man having heard the other out and every body else holding their peaces stood up and spake these words in favor of the Justice Indeed Gentlemen that which this man hath sayed seemeth to me not well and mee thinks it is wors that men of such honor and credit as here are should give eare to such a man for hee that will speak in publick of the Ministers of Iustice ought to have some respect and moderation in his tongue and in an officer of the King 's hee ought not to look onely at his person but to consider what his staff represent's As touching the dog hee speak's of that my Master carrie's with him I sweare by this cross that being a yong man hee takes him with him more for his pleasure in the day time then to catch men in the night and if it had been so you doe not I hope take me to be so base but that I should haue made it known to the
Agreement and Cessation of Arms whereby they might live quietly and not to do anie act of Hostilitie to each other Don Gonzalo Chachon having informed the Cardinal Governor of this Treatie by his consent it was concluded and Articles on both sides were drawn in form signed and delivered in presence of the publick Notaries of the Citie So those of the Fort lived quietly leaving the Towns-men to the confusion of their Commonaltie The nobleness of the Gentrie in imitation of their Ancestors desirous to serv the King beeing as a firm Bulwark and secure Guard against their indiscreet furie This made Avila gain the renown of Loial SECT VIII NOt onely the fore-named Cities were infected with this spirit of Sedition but divers other small Towns and Villages were tainted with the same Contagion where the diseas raged with such unnatural furie that there was neither Law nor respect betwixt Fathers and the Children som being of one opinion the others contrarie In a certain Village called Medinâ— near the Palomera de Avila lived a Byscainer Priest half a fool who was so affectionated to Iohn de Padilla that everie Holie daie in the Church hee used to saie I recommend unto your praiers Brethren The most holie Commonaltie desiring God to preserv and support it that it may never fall I recommend unto you likewise his Majestie the King Don John de Padilla that God may prosper him as also her Highness the Queen our Ladie Donia Maria Pacheco that God may powr down his blessings upon her for verily these are the true Kings the rest are all but Tyrants These praiers continued for three weeks together after which Iohn de Padilla with his Souldiers passing that waie som of them were quartered in this Priest's hous who drank him up a little barrel of wine killed his Hens and took away a young wench that he kept with them The Sundaie following beeing in the Church hee said to his parishioners You know Brethren how John de Padilla passing here his souldiers quartered in my hous truly Beloved they have not left mee one Hen they have eaten up all my Bacon they have drunk mee a whole Barrel of Wine and have taken my Katherine away with them therefore I charge you henceforwards not to praie God for him but for our Sovereign Lord Don Carlos and the Queen Donia Juana for They are our true Kings I do relate som of these fopperies that you may see how foolish and blinde men were at that time and indeed no better could then bee exspected for certainly som malign star had predominance for two years over those parts which made men fall into such unheard of extravagancies SECT IX THe Citie of Soria was ingaged in no less mischief then the other Cities by the rising of the Common People If I should undertake to particularize the riotous disorders of evâ—rie several place my work would never be at an end In short none of those that treated of Commonalties made anie bones of killing their neighbors plucking down their houses and committing a thousand exorbâ—tances like rash unadvised men without sens or judgment as to discompose the form of Government displace the Officers of Justice taking their staves from them and naming other Judges without considering or reflecting upon the end that followeth such like disorders nor how to bee preserved in them The Citie of Toro and Ciudad Rodrigo took likewise the Engagement of the Commonaltie They turned out the Officers of Justice established by the King and put others in their places And those Gentlemen that had most power drove their Antagonists out of the Citie Which factious bandyings one against another in revenge of particuler grudges and quarrels were the chiefest occasion of kindling the people's furie and it might justly bee said that they were private seditions and tumults not Rebellion against their King for there was no such word amongst the Gentrie nor the Common people SECT X. LEon had done wisely if they had continued in the same good resolution wherewith they answered Valladolid concerning the Treatie of an Assemblie which Toledo desired But as I have often said the factions and parcialities that were in everie Citie did more harm then anie thing els in these Commotions The Guzmanes were so highly distasted at their beeing put out of Don Fernando the Infante his service that a little thing would have made them raise a Commotion in that Citie where they were very powerfull beeing of an Ancient and Noble extraction They had some difference and spleen against the Earl of Luna who was sent Commissioner from that Citie to the Parlament that was held at the Groyne who having consented to the Subsidie was not well received at his return and it is reported that Ramiro Nunnâ—z de Guzman spoke thus to him They saie you have granted the Subsidie and gon beyond your Commission if that bee true you deserve to bee severely punished The Earl hereupon answered Ramiro Nunnez I have done what I ought and what I was Commanded to do neither have I exceeded my Commission one title So from one thing to another at last they fell into a great passion and Ramiro Nunnez said to the Earl I will make you know with this my Sword against yours how you are a Traytor and have Committed Treason against this Citie Thereupon they both drew and this unfortunate controversie divided the Citie into two factions For these two families beeing the chief and most Ancient of the Citie had each of them manie friends kindred and abbettours but in regard the Earl was out of favour with the people and Ramiro Nunnez much beloved and followed by a great multitude they fell upon the Earl and his partie with such furie that they killed thirteen of his men there were manie on both sides wounded The Earl was beholding to the swiftness of his hors or else hee had born his dead followers companie This news was brought to Valladolid and the Cardinall highly resented it but knew not how to remedie it seeing the fire so generally kindled throughout the kingdom that of the eighteen Towns of Castilla which had Votes in Parlament fifteen were risen for the Commonaltie and had chosen Commissioners or Burgesses to goe to the Iunta or Assemblie then held in Avila The Cardinall derived the fault of all this mischief upon Monsieur de Xeures for giving the Emperor so ill counsel as to demand that Subsidie and the worst of all was that hee never received it The Cardinal was out of heart and perplext with continual fears not thinking himself secure in Valladolid by reason of these troubles and heart-burnings of the people which no fault of the King 's but the covetousness of his insatiable Counsellers had occasioned I have alreadie told you that one Subsidie they desired was three hundred millions and another time six hundred millions in all nine hundred millions of Maravediz therefore let no man marvel at the great difference of
enemie's advance thought not fit to stay for him but quitting the Fort went and associated himself with the Cavaliers of the Loyal Partie as you shall hear Thence forwards the Bishop stuck close to the Iunta and the Farl as eagerly followed the King's counsel each of them so much favoring their Partie that there were not anie two more remarkable then they The Bishop was threescore years of age but as vigorous and lively as if hee had been but five and and twentie I was acquainted with one that knew him and received orders from him who told me that hee was excellent at handling his arms That hee had more then foure hundred Priests under his command all well armed and valiant men and that hee still charged at the head of them himself Saying Here my Priests The rest hereafter SECT XX. I Have told you in what manner Segovia was fortified the resolution of the Inhabitants the relief which they received from manie places notwithstanding Ronquillo's endeavors to hinder it how Toledo incouraged them with promises both of men and monie Madrid Guadalaxara and Salamanca did the like making their case their own Medina del Campo secured them their trading offering to bear what loss soëver they should sustein either of persons or goods At last the Citie of Avila seeing what Ronquillo did against Segovia and the adjacent Towns that hee entred into the Villages belonging to Avila taking killing and executing Justice in a severe manner and that by order of the Cardinal and the Council hee had taken from Segovia all the Places and Towns under its jurisdiction commanding them not to obey or bee anie waie subject to that Citie neither to furnish them with provisions anie more then if they were their enemies under pain of death and confiscation of goods giving them power and Autoritie to keep Justice amongst themselvs as beeing a distinct jurisdiction and other priviledges to the distruction of that Citie They assembled in Council and agreed to send a Petition in the name and with the subscriptions of the Officers of Justice the Regidores Gentrie Religious Persons and of all the Commonaltie humbly beseeching the Cardinal that hee would bee pleased to set a remedie to those disorders and not proceed with so much rigor against Segovia for that Citie would bee reduced sooner by fair means then by such severitie That hee would command Ronquillo to rais his Siege and that hee should not molest nor use such crueltie against Segovia The Cardinal and those of the Council did not weigh much this Petition of Avila which so incensed that Citie that thereupon they sent them word peremptorily that since they would not rectifie those disorders they were resolved to seek their own remedie Mean time Ronquillo was at Santa Maria de Nieva making what preparations hee could against Segovia making incursions into their territories and laying Ambuscado's for those that came out of the Citie It happened that two young men coming out of Segovia fell into the hands of Ronquillo's Guards who asking them whence they were and whither they went They answered That they were of Salamanca that they came from Segovia and were returning to their own homes At first the Guards were in the minde to let them go becaus they seemed to bee but poor fellows yet afterwards they laid hands on them and brought them before Ronquillo who asking them who they were whither they went and whence they came They said they were Carders who seeing Segovia streightned and trading dead they were upon their return to their ovvn houses Hee examined them severally concerning the manner of Tordesillas his death and they agreed not in their relation Ronquillo thereupon began to press them further demanding more and more more questions till at last one of them confessed he fetched the rope vvherevvith they dragged Tordesillas along the streets and the other that hee plucked him by the hair Upon this confession hee condemned them both to death one to bee dravvn and quartered the other vvho said hee pluck't him by the hair had first his hand cut off and then vvas hanged It seemed a dirâ—ct Judgment of heaven to put those men into the hands of the Justice and that they should confess vvithout torture SECT XXI AFter this Ronquillo met vvith one Francisco Peralta a sufficient man and vvell beloved in Segovia but not thinking fit to execute Justice upon him presently sent him prisoner upon on an Ass to a Castle belonging to the Bishop of Palencia But meeting by the waie a man that was very zâ—alous for the caus of the Commonaltie and satisfying his curiositie by telling him the occasion of his imprisonment through his means hee was rescued by the Common People of Duenias and taken away from the Alguazil that had charge of him who had so much a doe to escape with his life and Peralta after courteous entertainment in the Town had a hors given him vvheâ—evvith hee went to Burgos which then was declared for the Commonaltie Iohn de Padilla you have heard marched out of Toledo at the head of two thousand men well armed and having passed the Port de la Tablada hee came within sight of Segovia where in a Plain not far distant hee pitch't his camp the next daie hee sent a Trumpetter to Ronquillo with a peremptorie message to bid him get him gon if not that hee would forth with put in execution what the Citie of Toledo had Commanded him Hereupon Ronquillo retreated to Antonio de Fonseca at Arevalo and so they fled both together not beeing able to withstand Iohn de Padilla's Forces SECT XXII THe Cardinal President and those of the Council labored all they could to persuade the Queen Mother to signe certain orders which they would send throughout the Kingdom against the disturbers of it becaus the greatest Autoritie which those of the Junta pretended to have was to saie that whatsoever they did was for the Queen's service whose that Kingdom was and other things to that purpose The President therefore and some of the Council went to Tordesillas and spake publickly with the Queen who was very merrie with them but complained saying that for fifteen years past shee could never know the truth of anie thing then turning towards the Marquis of Denia shee said this Marquis told mee the first lye At which words hee fell upon his knees and with tears in his eyes hee said it is true Madam I did tell you a lye but it was to moderate the violence of your passions and now I give you to understand that the King your father is dead and I did bury him Shee answered Bishop believ mee All that I see or hear mee thinks is but a dreame The President answered Madam in your hands under God lyeth the remedie of this Kingdom and your Highness will do a greater miracle in Signing what wee demand then ever did San Francisco Shee bid them go to bed and come againe next daie The daie following
was not well pleased with him And becaus they would bee informed how the Marquess did serv the Queen they sent to Maestro Fray Pablo a Dominican Frier a grand Commoner Commissioner of Leon and to the Commendador Almaraz Commissioner of Salamanca and El Bachiller de Guadalaxara And from these men's relation which was never the holier for the Frier 's having any part in it resulted a determination to turn the Marquess and his Ladie from the Queen Whereupon they were not onely cast out of their hous but driven out of Tordesillas with such strictness and precipitation that they had not one hour's time to take away their goods and housholdstuff and although they made their Requests to the contrarie they were no whit the more regarded In their places were presently put Donia Catalina de Figueroa wife to Quintanilla and som other women of the Town And the Marquess with his Ladie was enforced to repair to a small Village and suffer with patience this tribulation for their Prince's service The Iunta beeing set at Tordesillas they began to treat of the peaceable government and quiet of the Kingdom Soon after Salamanca Avila Madrid besides other places sent manie Companies of Foot and Hors paid at the charge of the said Cities with their respective Captains who had Orders to bee at the King and Queen his Mother's service and in favor of the Junta There was already so great a confluence of Gentlemen and Captaiâ—s that Tordesillas was not able to contein them although the Common Souldiers were quartered in the adjacent Villages The Citie of Valladâ—lid sent a thousand chois men well Armed under the Command of Don Diego de Quiniones a valiant and well-born Gentleman The Commissioners Gentlemen Captains with many grave and learned Friers beeing assembled in the Junta there was a motion made that they should send to Valladolid to seiz upon the President and the rest of the King's Council and to have them brought to Tordesillas or at least to take such order that the Citie of Valladolid should not back them or conceal them but should give waie that the Junta might apprehend and bring them away To this the report is there wanted no Votes neither were the Friers backwards in giving theirs alleging that the securing of those men was very necessary for the good of the Kingdom To this effect was dispatched a Dominican Frier who was a man of honor and great leaning with Letters of Credence to the Commonaltie of Valladolid and to the Infante of Granada their chief Captain The Frier having delived his Letter and Message to the Infantâ— hee thus answered Father as far as it concern's mee as beeing Captain of Valladolid I do obeie the Orders here sent from the Junta but it is convenient the whole Commonaltie should bee assembled that you may deliver your Message to them all together and receiv their answer Hereupon the Deputies of the Wards Jurates Common Council-men and other Officers were all ordered to warn the Inhabitants of their respeâ—tive quarters and parishes to make their appearance the next morning by nine of the clock at the Church of Santa Maria la Mayor which was done accordingly The Infante of Granada Don Pedro Giron and other Gentlemen beeing there assembled with the rest of the Commonaltie at the hour and place appointed the Frier went up into the Pulpit and with smooth fair language hee told them the substance of his Message saying That he came thither from the Lords of the Junta at Tordesillas who were the greater part of the Kingdom and were there assembled for the remedying of the distractions and mischiefs which abounded in that Kingdom as appeared by the Power Letters of Credence which hee had already shewed to that very noble Commonaltie of Valladolid and the Infante their Captain Yet becaus it was thought fit that a business of such weight as that wherewith hee was intrusted to impart to them should rather bee manifested to them all in that place then communicated to any members in particular and in regard they were then all assembled hee again notified those Letters unto them giving them to understand that the Lords of the Junta moved with a very holie zeal and desire of procuring the Kindom's good and his Majestie 's service had found it convenient to the end the Intent of the Junta might the better take effect that there should bee no Council Roial at all but that the President and the rest should bee sent prisoners to Tordesillas and to shew that their Intentions were holie and tending onely to the service of God and the King in the name of the Lords Commissioners of the Junta hee did assure the lives of the Council but not their goods and estates For they must know that whosoëver of that Council had offended his estate was liable to confiscation according to the qualitie of his delict and that the monie which should accrue should repair in part the dammages which they had occasioned Hereupon the Frier extended himself into manie Rhetorical expressions to cog the peoplâ— into a Consent urging that if they did otherwise it might bee the occasion of bringing the whole Kingdom to destruction for if there was both a Junta and Council the Junta governing contrarie to the sens of the Council and the Council abrogating what should bee enacted by the Junta what could bee exspected but confusion and utter ruine Hereunto hee desired their speedie answer becaus hee was to return to Tordesillas They forthwith replied That it was a business of no small moment and required great consultation yet if hee would stay till night hee should have their answer They divided themselvs into several Assemblies to consult hereupon and they were generally of opinion that it was a difficult and strange attempt for them to dissolv a Council of so great Autoritie beeing constituted by their King especially that Citie having received in particular so manie Immunities and other favors from them and they â—eeing so good friends that the Council had in a manner entrusted them with their persons it were an act of high inhumanitie and baseness to laie violent hands upon them On the other side they thought that they were bound in conscience not to leav undone the Commands of the Junta in regard their Commissioners were there they had acknowledged their power and had sworn to obey whatsoëver should there bee ordered or enacted In the end they agreed to give the Frier this answer That if the Junta did desire to apprehend those of the Council they should send their own Captains and souldiers to do it for Valladolid would have no hand in either helping or hindering them in that design neither would they favor the one side or oppose the other The Frier and those Captains and other Officers which came with him from Tordesillas beeing satisfied with this Answer The Frier reckoned up those of the Council whom the Iunta demanded which done it was agreed
submissions to him saying that God had sent him to give them libertie and that hee would procure them much monie and arms Those of Xativa adored him as their Redeemer and called him El Encubierto or the man disguised saying God had sent him for the redressing of the oppressed People Hee made them believ that hee was the Prince Don Iohn Son to the Catholick King and Queen deceased and that for certain â—ecret causes and Revelations of God's Judgments it was convenient for him not to bee publickly known in the world for long time past but now since the Kingdom 's were in so distressed a condition and in so great necessitie of their naturall King to own and defend them and settle them in the same peaceable Government as they injoyed during his Father's Reign hee desired to reveal himself unto them and that it was God's will also This those wretched Confederates beleiving followed and honored him as if hee had been their God Thus having gained the affection and esteem of these Rebels hee conferred with divers of the Citie of Valencia of la Huerta and other places thereabouts inticing them to put in execution what that Tyrant Vicente Periz had alreadie moved Hee dealt likewise with some places of Aragon and Catalunia which were alreadie tottering and half at least inclining to Commotion ingaging them that at the same instant if possible as hee should make his Attempts upon Valencia they should all rise in arms and secure those parts for him Within Valencia hee had his intelligencers and instruments whom hee imployed to murder the Marquis of Cenete then Governor of the Citie These were so faithful to him in this treacherous design that hee wanted not assistants to convey him over the walls into the Citie whereby hee might the better contrive his plot seeing the disposition of the place and having a more free communication with the inhabitants allure and draw to his byas more complices to strengthen his partie and execute his wicked intention This was so cunningly carried that if God had not otherwise disposed it the whole Kingdom at that time ran a notable hazard of beeing absolutely destroied The Citie of Valencia as I have told you beeing in so miserable a condition the Religious men with other good and loial people went to petition the Marquis of Cenete who then was in the Camp to take upon him the Government of that distressed Citie Which hee did like a noble man as hee was The people expressed so much contentment and comfort in his presence that in all the Monasteries and Churches they sung with great solemnitie the Te Deum laudamus and all the bâ—lls rung out in testimonie of an universal joie The Marquis was a man of such courage and resolution that when throughout the whole Citie of Valencia no bodie durst so much as name God King or Iustice hee took divers of the rebellious disturbers and hanged them So that they began to bee affraid and sculked in corners Soon after having notice of a band of these Confederates which were fled from Valencia hee marched out against them and meeting them about Monviedro hee brought away their Colors having routed and put them all to flight Amongst divers great hazards which the Marquis ran of losing his life by the insolence or treacherie of these Confederates one I shall give in particular A monstrous disorderly multitude of these wretches beeing gathered together in Valencia fell like a furious storm upon the Marquis his hous with huge clamorous out-cries and â—lashing of weapons not understanding each other's minde nor knowing what they would have The Marquis hearing the nois went down to quiet the tumult beeing well provided and attended but his Ladie seeing him engaged amongst a throng of such vile respectless people and fearing lest hee should bee murthered by them took such a fright that her weak Constitution beeing not able to resist the violence of that sudden apprehension shee presently expired Vicente Periz Captain of the Rebells with a numerous Armie intrenched himself and planted his Cannon within sight of Valencia where hee remained som time In his Camp hee had a bell at the sound whereof a numberless gang of thievs such as his Armie was composed of ran out of the Citie to him And had not the Marquis been very circumspect without question they had suprised the Citie but finding little probabilitie of effecting their design upon Valencia they marched towards Monviedro thinking to make the Vice-Roy rais his siege thence but within two daies after Monviedro was surrendered to him which was of no small importance for thereby hee had an open and free passage to receiv succour out of Castilla The Marquis hearing that the Confederates were marched towards Monviedro with their Cannon and having intelligence of their intentions followed them but with no considerable force and meeting some of his own foot companies which having been much galled by their Cannon and small shot were retreating towards Valencia quite disheartned hee strove to incourage them as well as hee could representing to them the service of God and their King but prevailing not with them howëver heâ— advanced and set upon the enemie crying aloud Let the King live and the Traytors die and without fear of their muskets or Cannon which played fiercely upon him hee charged into the middest of them God whose caus hee fought preserving him and striking their baser hearts with fear insomuch that hee had them all at his mercie Yet his nobleness and generositie was such though they deserved it not that hee commanded his men who were very busie in killing to forbear further execution crying out Let them not die let them not die having thus quite routed these Mutiniers hee returned to Valencia with the spoil and all their Artillerie where hee was received with joy and tears The Vice-Roy afterwards beeing before Xativa with intent to reduce it to the Emperor's subjection the Rebels dealt so cunningly with some of his Souldiers who sowed the same dissention in his Camp as was within the Town that by certain signs they understood each others intentions and they agreed at one and the same time to fall upon the Loyall Partie and murther them and having taken their Artillerie to storm Valencia sack it and kill all that were for the Emperor in it This conspiracie was discovered but there was no remedie to hinder it neither in the Vice-Roy's Camp nor in Valencia for the Confederates were very numerous and the Loyall Pâ—â—sons but a small Partie The Marquis at the intreatie of the honest people of Valencia went to the Vice-Roy's Camp before Xativa where hee found more disorder then was reported and the infection less curable then hee imagined The sign that these Conspirators had agreed upon was that in the night at a certain hour those of the Camp should cry out Paie Paie Mutinie Mutinie and those within the Citie should answer Paie Paie Mutinie Mutinie The Vice-Roy and
levie or recover any thing of that which some Cities Towns Villages and Corporations have expended in their own houses in feasting Bull-baitings or acts of Charitie although they do it from an ancient custom by vow or what other waie soëver they can pretend Item That the monies levyed by the Cruzadas and Compositiones which were granted for the war against the Moores costs and charges of the Armies which had been or are to bee raised against the enemies of our Catholick faith and to releiv the Kingdoms and Cities of Africa may bee expâ—nded and imployed to the same end for which they were granted and that they may not bee granted hereafter upon any other pretence whatsoëver nor the said monie or any part thereof may bee given or bestowed as a Merced or gratuitie upon any bodie becaus besides the publick dammage men's Souls are indangered by the not imploying it to the use for which it was granted Which if it were applyed to the proper and right intent the Royal Revenues would remain free for the service and augmentation of the Royal estate Item That the Mercedes and Librancas of any monie of those said Bulls Cruzadas and Compositiones which have been given to any particular persons as well natives as strangers may bee revoked and made void Concerning the Indies Isles and Continent THat henceforwards for ever no Mercedes may bee made of Indians whereby the Gold or any other Commodities may bee taken thence to anie person or persons of what qualitie soëver That these which hitherto have been may bee revoked for by that means their Majestie 's Roial Patrimonie hath been and will bee much damnified in stead of beeing advantaged by reason of the great quantitie of Gold exhausted thence Besides that they are used more like Infidels and slaves then Christians as they are Item that the hous of Contratacion at Sevilla for the Isles and Continent of the Indies may remain for ever in the said Citie and not bee removed to anie other Citie or place within this Kingdom or without In regard the said Citie of Sevilla is so famous and fit a place for it and it would bee a great hinderance to these Kingdoms and a disservice to their Majesties if it should bee altered Concerning Mercedes THat their Majesties or the succeeding Kings may not make anie Merced of goods confiscated or to bee confiscated or of anie part or parcel thereof to anie Judg or Judges who have given or are to give Sentence in the said Causes That the said Judges or anie of them may not receiv anie such Mercedes either in paiment or lieu of their Salaries or for Ayuda de Costa or in anie other kinde whatsoëver directly or indirectly either for themselvs or their wives children friends or kindred for by this means they beeing free from all covetousness and interests may with more equitie and Justice proceed and give their Sentence That whosoëver shall do the contrarie may bee obliged to restore four times as much into his Majesties Exchequer and that they may for ever remain incapable of enjoying the same or anie other publick Offices Item that their Majesties or their Successors may not give or make anie Mercedes or Librancas of goods and monie which hath not been brought into their Exchequer or in their own hands for by this means they will know what they give and how they endammage themselvs which not knowing they easily grant the said Librancas and Mercedes as their Majesties had given away in that nature great quantities of pearls and monie which if preserved had been sufficient to have mainteined their Roial Houshold without making such shifts as they were driven to by taking up monie at Interest or demanding Subsidies of the Subjects and Natives of their Kingdoms Item that their Majesties or their Successors may not give or grant anie Merced of goods demanded in their Majesties names or of the Roial Crown of these Kingdoms concerning which there is anie Suit depending unless sentence bee first pronounced against the possessors thereof and that they bee absolutely condemned That whatsoëver hath been done to the contrarie heretofore may bee revoked Otherwise it would hinder the free Administration of Justice according to right and equitie And that whosoëver should receiv or procure anie such Mercedes may for ever bee held incapable and unworthie of receiving for themselvs or others anie Merced from their Majesties or their Successors in these Kingdoms Item that their Majesties may pleas to revoke all Mercedes whatsoever which had been made or granted since the death of the Catholick Queen Donia Isabel as well by the Kings Don Fernando and Don Felipe as by Don Carlos our present Sovereign And whatsoever Confirmations have been made of anie Towns Villages Vassals Jurisdictions Salt-pits Mines of Gold and Silver Copper Lead Tin or Allum In regard besides that they are contrarie to the Laws of the Land the most illustrious and Catholick Queen Donia Isabel our Ladie did absolutely prohibit and forbid them when by her last Will and Testament shee left the government and rule of these Kingdoms to the charge and care of the Catholick King Don Fernando And that all this may bee applied to the proper use and benefit of the Roial Crown of these Kingdoms and that those persons who have obteined anie such Mercedes may make no further use of them hereafter Item forasmuch as since the deceas of the Queen Donia Isabel have been made divers Mercedes and manie Patents and Privileges of Gentilitie given for monie to several persons without anie just caus or consideration of services done to their Majesties that might deserv the said favour whereby the Towns Commonalties and those which paie the taxes have been much damnified and injured That their Majesties may revoke all such Patents Mercedes and Privileges whatsoever and those to whom they were given may not anie waies enjoie them And that henceforward no such Mercedes Patents or Privileges may evâ—r bee granted or bee in force to benefit those to whom they were given And that this may never bee derogated or abrogated with anie claus general or particular or by anie ordinarie or absolute Power Item forasmuch as contrarie to equitie and the tenour and foâ—m of the Laws of these Kingdoms have been granted and made divers Mercedes of the Reversion of Offices Benefices Dignities and other things in the hands of men yet living That their Majesties may revoke all of them without exception that hitherto have been made or granted either by their Majesties or their Predecessors That nothing in this nature bee ever granted hereafter and if anie should bee granted that they may not bee fulfilled nor take effect notwithstâ—â—ding any derogatorie clauses with penalties and confirmations whatsoever but to the end they may bee resisted and bee of no value that they may bear no penalâ—ies at all And that whosoever shall procure anie such Merced may bee made incapable of anie place in Court or
other rents in their own Countries Item in regard his Majestie had given away the Archbishoprick of Toledo before hee was received and sworn King in the Parlament at Valladolid That his Majestie may make a new presentation of the said Archbishoprick and confer it upon a Native and Inhabitant of the Kingdom of Castilla who may deserv it beeing a person of learning and conscience answerable a Divine or Civil Lawyer for the bestowing it on the Nephew of Monsieur de Xeures contrarie to the Laws of the Kingdom hath been and is very prejudicial to the Kingdom and the said Dignitie hee beeing under age and absent and although hee were a Native of the Kingdom it was not fit nor just to give it him That the Revenue of the said Dignitie was transported out of the kingdom wherewith if hee were a Native and resident in the said dignitie hee might entertain manie Nobles and Gentlemen in his hous as hath been the custom formerly And if his Maâ—estie would bee pleased to graâ—ifie the said Nephew of Monsieur de Xeures with som other lands in his own Countrie It might very well bee done Item that all Letters of Naturalization whatsoever that have formerly been given may bee revoked and never anie granted hereafter And if anie should bee granted although with derogatorie clauses and by an absolute power that they may bee respectively received but not fulfilled That there may bee no penaltie for the non-performance of anie such supplication and whosoever should bee strict therein may bee apprehended and severely punished by the Justices of the kingdom where hee was taken Item that the Judges Notaries and other Officers of the Ecclesiastical Courts may not have or demand more fees then those of the Secular Courts according to the â—tatutes of the kingdoms And if in anie case the Apostolical Autoritie bee requisite their Majesties may bee pleased to send to their Embâ—ssador to procure it from his Holiness and send it Item that the Archbishops Bâ—shops and Prelates of the kingdoms may reside in their own Diocess the greatest part of tâ—e year whereoâ— if they fail that they may lose proportionably a paâ—t of their fruits to bee emploied for the building or repairing of their Churches for by reason of their beeing absent the Divine Service is not performed as it ought to bee That his Maâ—estie send for a Bull to this effâ—ct from his Holiness within the space of one year And if his Majestie did not send for it within the said term that the kingdom might have power to demand it and take by his Autoritie out of the fruits of the said dignities as much as would diffraie the charges of the Journie and sollicitation to procure it Item forasmuch as his Holiness at his Majesties râ—quest had sent a Licence to the Archbishop of Granada purposing that whosoever should have his said power although secular persons might judg and give sentence in som cases against Priests in criminal matters That his Majestie would bee pleased to caus the said Licence to bee enrolled within six months and send a Copie thereof into these kingdom to excuse and avoid the scandals which arise thereby Concerning Regidores THat henceforwards their Majesties or their Successors never give or grant anie Licence to the Regidores Veyntiquatros Iurados and other Officers of the Council of Cities Towns or Villages of these kingdoms to live with or have anie dependance upon Noble-men That all Licences to this effect whatsoever granted in former times may bee revoked That the Laws of the Kingdoms may bee herein observed and executed That whosoever shall procure or make use of anie such Licence may bee deprived of his office And that their Majesties dispose thereof as beeing vacant but that hee or his children may never re-injoy it Item That the Regidores of the Cities and Towns of these Kingdoms who are Lawyers may not execute the office of Advocates nor plead in the said Cities or Towns but for them and their Commonalties Alienation of Goods or Lands from the Royal Crown THat his Majestie command effectually to restore the Towns Villages Forts Jurisdictions Revenues and all other Rights whatsoever to the Cities and Towns of his Royal Crown which they had formerly in their possession and which the most illustrious Queen Donia â—sabel our Ladie commanded in her will to bee restored And to the end this may bee effected and the wills of the Catholick King Don Fernando and his Queen Donia Isabel may bee fulfilled That executors may bee appointed with sufficient power to perform the same within six months without further delaie Item to the end this may remedied henceforwards That their Majesties or Successors for no reason or caus neither in paiment or satisfaction of services or anie other waies whatsoever may alienate anie thing from the Royal Crown or Patrimonie and in case anie alienation bee made that it may bee restored Concerning Forts and Alcaydias or Governments THat the Forts and Alcaydias of the strong holds of these Kingdoms may not bee given to anie forreiners but intrusted to the Natives and Inhabitants of these Kingdoms although they may produce letters of naturalization And that the same order bee observed herein as in the Dignities and Ecclesiastical preferments Item That his Majestie take away all command or governments whatsoever of Castles and Forts possessed by strangers or transferred by them for monie to anie natives of these Kingdoms Item that Antonio de Fonseca may bee dispossessed of the offices and command hee hath in these Kingdoms in regard of the great mischiefs and scandals which they suffer by his occasion Item that the Forts and Alcaydias may not bee given to anie Noble-men or persons of high birth and qualitie And that the Alcaydes or Commanders thereof may take the oath of fealtie to his Majestie and give securitie to the Cities and Towns where they are that by or from the said Forts they shall receiv no dammage or prejudice Item that his Majestie give order forthwith and every two years from this time forwards to visite and repair as occasion doth require the Forts and places of strength upon the frontiers of these Kingdoms Concerning Cloath THat the Cloath that is imported from other Countries may bee of the same size and goodness as those which are wrought in these Kingdoms according as it is ordered by the Statutes and Act of Parlament That the said Act may bee executed aswell upon forreign Clothes as those which are made in these Kingdoms That what deferring of the time of the Act or Licences soëver have been granted to sell and disperse them in these Kingdoms may bee revoked and declared void That hereafter no such Licences bee granted but in case there bee that they may not bee fulfilled And that without stopping or arresting them the Justices may proceed according to the Act under pain of losing their offices and paying one hundred thousand Maravediz towards the reparations and charitable uses of the Citie
his promise in letting them have the said men to send to Tordesillas in the Iunta's service and upon that condition they should carrie the Colours and Arms of Valladolid These Letters were dispatched in the name of the Citie by the Prior of the great Church who was a grand Commoner These answers beeing sent to the two Noble-men the Citie gave order for the raising of more men to send to the Iunta becaus there were many wanting of the thousand which they had sent Moreover Command was given for the gathering of one hundred Duckets out of every Ward which amounted to one thousand four hundred Duckets Which was forthwith done and the thousand men compleated After this they caused a Proclamation to bee made throughout the Citie commanding all and everie of the Commonaltie to appear under pain of beeing accused for Malignants or Ill-affected to the Iunta Who beeing all assembled they made them swear by the Holie Evangelists and upon the Cross in forma that under pain of beeing infamous perjurers and faith-breakers they should bee readie to serv favor and assist in whatsoever those of the Iunta should do in order to the service of God the King Queen and Commonaltie of the Citie of Valladolid and that they should not do or saie directly or indirectly any thing to the contrarie or suffer anie thing to bee said or done by their children servants or housholds And if they should know or hear any thing said or done to the contrarie that they should forthwith inform the Assemblie of the Citie of Valladolid thereof to the end the offenders might receiv condigne punishment The Oath beeing thus pronounced they all cried with one voice This wee swear SECT XVII I Have already declared how the Citie of Segovia was divided by several factions insomuch that they seemed to bee in Civil War amongst themselvs The Earl of Chinchon defended the Forts Within the Citie there were several houses of strength wherein som of the Roial partie fortified themselvs others did the like in the Cathedral Church The Fort beeing but slenderly mann'd the Earl of Chinchon went to Burgos to desire succour from the Lord High Constable who sent ten Musketiers valiant and resolute men with order to get into the Fort â—s they could They arrived at Pedraça on Fridaie morning 23 of November where they took abouâ— one hundred weight of powder and kept themselvs private until the Evening Night beeing com they marched with a guide who led them by-waies to Parral where hee left them and the Moon beeing down they went into the Fort without any one's taking notice of them which was the better effected becaus that very daie those of Segovia had assaulted the Church and were wearie having found strong resistance The next daie it beeing noised in the Citie that the Fort had received succour in the night they were much scandalized and troubled at it thinking it more considerable then it was and feared that they were sold by som within the Citie Things beeing in the condition before-mentioned disposed for an absolute breach the Cities of the League prepared arms and men with all expedition and those of the Iunta sent certain instructions which their Captains and Souldiers were to observ to Valladolid where Don Pedro Giron whom they all looked upon as Captain General remained to make and order the Armie as shall bee more at large declared in the following Book Finis Libri Quarti THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE FIFTH BOOK SECT I. THe Passions of the people in Castilla grew to such mortal animosities that pens and tongues beeing wearied they fell to preparing arms and munition of war as when an Impostume fester's no cure can bee exspected but by the applying of hot burning Iron Those Gentlemen who were the chief sticklers for the Commonalties beeing lanch'd forth into the deepest of the sea of passion knowing how ill a name they had acquired which exceedingly offended their presumption were already grown so desperate that they cared not to lose their Countries Estates Wives Children or their own Lives desiring to hazard all in the Lotterie of Arms and make or destroie their fortunes in one Battle wherein if their designs had been crowned with success doubtless they would have changed their styles and beeing victorious remained with the glorious attribute of Redeemers and Defenders of their Countrie for humane judgments determine by the Event not by the middle or beginning of any Enterprise Though it hath been the ordinarie defect of other Commonalties to have but slender forces this was so powerful that had there been the least good Conduct â—mongst them and som experienced Captains Don Carlos hardly ever would have recovered the Crown of Spain The Common people were to blame and the Gentrie not to bee excused for opposing and rising against their Sovereign's Ministers yet wee must of necessitie confess that they were valiant That there were divers exorbitancies outrages and insolencies committed What wonder is it amongst the respectless and libertine People and that the Gentlemen depended more upon them then they upon the Nobles who assisted them If wee see an Armie well disciplined the Souldiers subject and obedient to their Captains shall wee saie absolutely all those in that Armie are Traitors for my part I would not neither is it any such great marvel that children rise up against their own fathers for if wee look back to som passages of our Countrie of Spain what shall wee see but the like unnatural actions the factions of Princes the sidings of Grandees and private Gentlemen who were so audacious as to rise in arms against their lawful Kings and yet they are not so spotted and foul as som would make those of the latter times appear to bee I do not saie this in justification of these Commonalties but onely to excuse in what I may my own Nation and the Gentrie thereof But to return to the purpose Nothing was left unattempted on either side that might conduce to the increasing or securitie of their Partie You have seen in the precedent Book that the Iunta sent their Instructions to Valladolid where Don Pedro Giron and other Captains of the Commonaltie were assembled The time beeing com although the season was very sharp and unfit for an Armie to keep the field beeing almost in the depth of Winter they all put themselvs in a readiness and in the name of the Iunta they wrote fresh Letters to the Cities and Towns of their Combination to send immediately all the forces they could possibly rais which they did Those of the Iunta according to agreement Voted Don Pedro Giron Captain General of their Forces and sent him a Commission from the Queen and the Kingdom Thinking that hee beeing a person of so noble extraction and allied to so many Grandees of Castilla would gain a great reputation to their Partie And most men were of opinion that Don Pedro Giron accepted thereof and wedded the Interest
intention came to Toledo very well attended and was driven out by the Common people Such was the confusion of that Citie which DonÌ„a Maria Pacheco did uphold with as much courage as if shee had been a Captain long exercised in Martial affairs and therefore shee was generally callâ—d la Muger valerosa the valiant Woman The report goe's that shee made use of the Crosses in stead of Colors and to excite the people to compassion shee made her son to bee carried up and down the streets upon a Mule with a mourning Hood and Cloak on and in a Streamer the picture of her husband Iohn de Padilla beheaded Divers other things were said of her it may bee they were but feigned Amongst the rest That shee had a fancie that shee should bee a Queen which was put into her head by som Morisco witches at Granada At length her partie began to weaken and diminish Don Estevan Gabriel Merino prevailing against her who shewed himself a person of great conduct and prudence This Prelate who afterwards was Cardinal of San Vidal then governing the Bishoprick of Iaen and beeing Dean of Toledo assisted by the Marshal Payo de Ribera and other â—entlemen of that Citie having routed DonÌ„a Maria and her adherents turned them out of Toledo and shee having disguised herself in a Countrie-woman's habit and riding upon an Ass with som Gees in her hands escaped otherwise shee had lost her head aswel as her Husband So shee spun out the rest of her daies in exsile After this the Citie was reduced and enjoied the benefit of the general pardon with other good conditions which by reason of the War of Navarra were granted them and as they desired neither Don Iohn de Ribera nor any of his kindred were permitted to com into the Citie until the King returned into Spain they received Don Estevan Gabriel Merino and Doctor Zumel for their chief officers of Justice They pull'd down Padilla's hous to the ground which done they ploughed it and sowed it with Salt becaus the soil where the Captain of so great troubles and mischiefs had his birth and habitation should not produce so much as grass or weeds erecting there a pillar with an Inscription declaring the manner of his life and deplorable end SECT XXV ALthough the whole Kingdom almost was reduced the fear of punishment exceeding the hopes they had of carrying on their design Yet the Fort of Fermosel which was under the command and properly belonging to the Bishop of Zamora stood peremptorily upon their defence The Governors hereupon sent the Earl of Alva de Lista with a competent number of men to take it who requiring the Governor to deliver it to the Emperor hee answered that hee kept it in the Bishop of Zamora's name for his Majestie that if his Majestie did com thither and bring the Bishop with him whom the Duke of Naxara had taken prisoner hee would presently surrender it otherwise not The Earl laid siege to it hereupon but to small purpose for it was very strong The Duke of Naxara not long after sent to the Governors desiring them to command the siege to bee raised before â—ermosel becaus it belonged to his son the Bishop having â—xchanged it with him The Governors gave order forthwith that the Earl of Alva should give them Truce for twentie daies whilest they sent to the Emperor to know his Majesties pleasure The taking of the Bishop of Zamora was in this manner Hee seeing all his partie routed and that it was no boot for him to staie in Spain resolved to make France his refuge But beeing in the confines of Navarra at the same time the French King made his attempt upon that Countrie at a place called Villamediana a league from LogronÌ„o although hee had disguised himself hee was discovered and taken prisoner by an Alferez named Perote Who carried him thence to Navarrete a Town two leagues from Naxara where hee delivered him to the Duke Don Antonio who kept him there until the Emperor commanded him to bee carried to the Castle of Simancas where hee ended his daies as you shall hear SECT XXVI THe Citie of Valladolid wrote to the Lord Admiral desiring him to stand their friend as his Ancestors had done in former times Whereunto hee returned a very kind answer assuring them all the favor hee could do them or procure them from his Majestie so that they continned their contrition and acknowledgment of their errors and refrained from acting any thing misbecoming the obedience of Loyal and faithful subjects And to conclude this tedious relation I shall tell you onely that the Emperor beeing returâ—ed into Spain called a Counsel in Palencia where hee consulted of and concluded a general pardon for the whole Kingdom But some of the Commoners beeing brought to execution as shall bee hereafter mentioned the Castillians not knovving what had past in his Majesties Counsels began to bee possest with fears For the absolute distruction and banishing whereof the Emperor upon the 28th of October 1522 caused a great scaffold to bee erected in the chief market place of Valladolid and covered with rich cloth of gold and silk whereon his Majestie cloathed with long robes after the Antient manner all his Grandees and Council about him beeing seated his Attornie General with a rich Herald's Coat and one of the Clarks of the Exchequer named Gallo having made a long narration of the troubles and insurrections of Castilla read with a distinct loud voice the general pardon which his Majestie granted to the whole Kingdom wherein were excepted onely some threescore or fourscore persons whom in regard the greatest part of them were but ordinarie people some of them Friers and others already punished I shall not trouble my self to particularize onely the execution of Don Pedro Pimentel de Talavera who was taken at the battle of Villalar and his head was cut off in the publick place of Palencia The Commissioners of Guadalaxara and Segovia with some others beeing prisoners at la Mota de Medina del Campo the Alcalde Leguizama was sent thither to do Justice upon them Beeing there arrived hee commanded seven of them to bee brought out of the Common Gaol vvhere they were put with ropes about their necks and set upon Asses until they came into the chief market place of Medina where all their heads were cut off In the Citie of Vitoria a skinner of Salamanca and two or three more of his complices were executed on Fridaie the 14th of August 1522. That which was chiefly laid to the charge of the Commissioners and other Gentlemen vvas their daring to take possession of the Queen at Tordesillas turning avvaie the Marquis of Denia and his Ladie vvho had commands from his Majestie to attend her person And besides that some of them held correspondence vvith the King of France SECT XXVII THe Bishop of Zamora beeing taken as is related vvas brought aftervvards prisoner to the Fort of
the over-flowing of the River besides the unseasonableness of the weather enforced them to repair into their Winter-quarters But the Spring following they took the field again and marched near fortie thousand strong toward Paris spoiling and burning without mercie as they went which put the Parisians to a terrible fright At the same time the Lord High Admiral of France entred into Lombardie with an Armie of above fiftie thousand Combatants But the Venetians beeing joined with the Imperialists recovered all the places which they had gotten and drove them quite out of Italie Not long after the King of France came himself into Lombardie at the head of another mighty Armie thinking to carrie all before him but before the Citie of Pavia where hee had pitched his Camp his forces were all routed by the Marquis of Pescara General of the Imperialists and hee taken prisoner his Hors beeing kill'd under him The Prince of Navarra was likewise taken and committed prisoner to the Castle of Pavia whence hee made his escape the Prince of Scotland was kill'd barbarously by a Countrie-fellow to whom hee had discovered himself and promised a great reward to conduct him safe to Vigeven where his Train and Baggage was which fellow coming to relate to the Marquis his exploit exspecting som recompence hee commanded to give him a halter for his news and hee was hanged presently Divers other Noblemen and persons of qualitie were taken and many killed in that expedition The King after som time was carried into Spain by Don Carlos de Lanoy Vice-Roy of Naples upon his earnest request hoping to make his conditions the better with the Emperor if hee could speak with him himself Hee continued a Prisoner a year and upwards after which time hee was released upon Articles betwixt him and the Emperor whereof one principal was That hee should marrie the Emperor's sister DonÌ„a Leonor widow to Don Manuel King of Portugal and restore the Dukedom of Burgundie to the Hous of Austria for performance of their agreement his two eldest sons viz Francis the Dolfin and Henrie Duke of Orleans were at the same time as hee was set into France delivered as Pledges to the Spaniards But beeing in his own Countrie whether by persuasion of ill Counsellors or thiâ—king the conditions too unreasonable and hee not obliged to make good his promise having been forced thereunto in his imprisonment hee sent the Arch-Bishop of Bourdeaux to the Emperors Court requiring him in regard it was not in his power to give away any part of his Countrie that hee would give his children their enlargement upon any reasonable ransom Which Embassage the Emperor with great indignation answered thus briefly That if the King of France could not perform the conditions as hee pretended yet desired to have his Sons at libertie hee should com back and take their places which was in his power to do and hee had promised by oath otherwise hee must not exspect to have his children so soon released Hereupon the French King giving waie to his vindicative passion left no means unattempted to incite the other Christian Princes to wage War in his favor against the Emperor And after som time having drawn Henrie the 8th of England to his Partie who had som other pretences to quarrel with the Emperor they both sent their Kings aâ— Arms with Letters of defiance to him into Spain and gave order to their Embassadors to return and leav his Court. Whereupon their private animosities broke out into a publick War which for a time continued more fierce and bloodie then the former but at last their differences were composed and an happie peace concluded between those two potent Princes by the no less ingenious then industrious endeavors of the most excellent Princesses DonÌ„a Margarita Arch-Dutchess of Austria Aunt to his Imperial Majestie and Madama Luysa Dutchess of Angulema and Anjou widow to the Duke of Savâ—y and Mother to the King of France Upon which agreement the young Princes were released after almost four years close imprisonment their Father sending for their ransom two millions of Crowns of Gold which summe of monie was put into one boat and they into another at Fuente Ravia with the like diffidence and ceremonie as was used when the King their father was exchanged for them At the same time DonÌ„a Leonor the Emperor's sister passed into France according to the Articles who was married by the Cardinal of Tournon to the French King with great solemnitie and expressions of joie Anno 1530. This Peace continued not long for Francis King of France who in all other Princely qualities and ornaments was rather surpassing then at all inferior to any of his Cotemporaries beeing transported with an insatiable ambition and envying the Emperor's greatness gave several meetings at Boloigne and Calis to Henrie King of England who having shook hands with Conscience and Religion and repudiated Queen Katharine Charls the Fifth's Aunt thinking the Emperor would som waie express his discontent and shew himself sensible of so greatâ—an affront resolved to give him further occasion of distaste And there they conspired to suscitate the Lutherans in Germanie and rais new factions in Italie against him and under hand they encouraged the Danes to rise up in Arms against their King Christian whom pretending a Truce and a desire to make an Accommodation with him they surprised hee not suspecting their treacherie and imprisoned him in the Castle of Sundiburgi in Holsatia where hee miserably ended his daies The said Princes had no other ground for this pâ—ece of malice but onely in relation to the Emperor becaus Christian was his friend and Allie having married his sister Ysabella and not content herewith at length finding fit opportunities they again declared open War against him the transactions and events whereof shal bee exactly represented in the Succeeding Book FINIS The birth of the Emperor Charls the Fift His title beeing a Child Anno 1501. Philip the 〈◊〉 â—wâ—rn Pâ—iâ—ce of Spâ—in The bâ—rth of â—he Iâ—fante Fâ—rdinand Anno 1505. The death of Isabel Queen of Spain Ferdinand's design to get the Kingdom of Castilia to himself The death â—f Philâ—p the Fair Duke of Burguâ—die anâ— Aâ—â—â—-Duke of Austâ—iâ— An old woman's Prophecie of him What Children Hee left The manner of King Ferdinand's death Dispute about the Government of the Kingdom Resolute carâ—iage and answer of Cardinal Ximeneâ— to the Nobles oâ— Spain Charls the Fiâ—â—'s coming into Spain Câ—rdinal Ximâ—â—es buried at Alcala anno 1517. Som were of opinion that hee was poisoned Charls the Fift's age when hee was received into Spain His Disposition Who Xeures was Differeâ—ces about the acknowledging of Chaâ—ls King of Spain The form of swearing Allegeance to him The Oath 〈◊〉 took 34 Mâ—â—auediz make 6d. A Duâ—ket make's 5â— 6d. The Infante's disâ—onâ—eâ—tment Charls the Fift received at Saragosa 1518. The Castillians and Aragoneses distasted Gatinara made Lord Chancellor of Spain Demands of the
Burgos riseth up in Arms against the Lord High Constable The Engagement of those of Valladolid The Infantâ— of Granada having been put out of his Office with fourteen other Officers of the Citie by the people of Valladolid who accused them of keeping correspondencie with the Enemie Their Capâ—aâ—ns were good enouâ—h if â—hey had not hâ—d som â—â—eacheâ—rous great ones amongst them Here the Autor conâ—â—â—leth in a manner the justnes of the Caus and sâ—emeth himself to justifie it Here Don Pedro and other Gentlemen begin to plaie the Traitors The President of Valladolid's Speech to the Bishop of Zâ—mora A gallant and resolute answer of the Bishop of Zamorâ— to the Lord President An heroick and generous Spirit in the Bishop of Zamâ—ra beeing a man indefatigable Don Pedro and the Bishop of Zamora's messâ—ge to the Cavaliers The Earl spoke with much cunning dissimulation purposely to plâ—as and blind the Bishop that hâ—e might not suspect wâ—at they had in private concluded with Don Pedro Giron by which conference it appear's plainly that they wâ—re betraied solâ— as Antâ—nio de Gueâ—ara declareth at large in his Epistles No hâ—ng but the private treacherie of Don Pedro Giron could have deluded the Bishop and destroied â—heir Aâ—mie Tâ—râ—â—sillas tâ—ken by the Earl of Haro Captain General of the Cavalier forces Som of the Commissioners of the Iunta make their escapes Som are taken and again released Don Pedro de Giron's and the Bishop of Zamora's Letter to Valladolid Valladolid's answer to Don Pedro. The Lord Admirals Letter to those of the Iunta at Valladolid Their Vote concerning the Letter Couâ—agious explâ—it of the Biâ—hop oâ— Zâ—mora Oâ—her exploit of the Bishop of Zamora'â— The Governor of Valdâ—perâ—â—aken â—aken and the place plundred by the Bishop'â— mâ—n Here the Autor gâ—veâ—h Kings a lâ—sson â—dmonishing tâ—em not to oppres their Subjâ—cts Mormojon taken by Iohn de Padilla Empudia taken by Iohn de Padillâ— and the Bishop The Bisâ— speech to hiâ— mâ—n in the Assault The Lord High Constablâ—'â— plot discovered Mutinie in the Citie of Burgos The Common people submit to the Lord High Constable The Fort is surrendered to him Troubles in the Countrie of Biscaya First ground of Salvaâ—â—erra's diâ—â—aâ—ie against his Majestie Diego Martinez de Alâ—va and his allies apprehend imprison the Judg whom the Iunta sent to Vitoria Thâ— Earl of Sâ—lvatierra faceth Vitoria with his Armie Dâ—n Pedro Xuarez de Velasco routeth those of the Merindades The Earl of Salvatierra by order from the Iunta intercept's the Artillerie which waâ— going to the Lord High Constable and causeth it to bee broken in pieces The Earl of Salvâ—tiâ—rra's Armie enter's into Vitoria Disâ—osition of Don Pedro de Ayalae Earl of Salvaâ—ierrâ— His Letter to the Iunta an â—he Citie oâ— Valladolid The Eâ—rl of Salvaâ—ierrâ— put to flight His Captain Gâ—nsalo Vaâ—ahona taken prisoner by those of Vitoâ—ia and beâ—â—aâ—ed in the maâ—ket place of thâ—ir Citie Here Don Pedro Lasso begin's to treat privately with the Council by means of Alonso Ortiz who was a Iurate of Toledo and his fellow Commissioner in the Parlament at Santjago A brave resolution of Valladolid The Lord Admiral 's Letter to those of Valladolid The Iunta's and Valladolid's answer to the Lord Admiral Note that seldom hath there been any Treaâ—herie committed but a Frier or som Clergie man had a hand in it Pâ—dilla's speech to the Commoâ— peoplâ— in Valladoâ—id Here the Auâ—or though â— Frier expresseth moreâ— splâ—en and passion â—hen Christian charitie to his brâ—threâ— Here the Autor â—xtend's himself as far in flatterie as in other places in passionate railing Iâ—hn de Paâ—â—lla besiegeth Torrelâ—bation John de Padilla take'â— Torrelobaâ—oâ— and the Tower Wholsom counsel of the Frier Alonso Ortiz obtain's a Truce fâ—om those of the Juntâ— with the Cavaliers By order from the Junta the Truce is proclaimed in John de Padilla's Armie The Câ—andee's exceptions against the Truce Thoâ—e of Valladolid discontenâ—ed against the Comâ—anders of their Armie for yielding to a Truce The Truce brokâ—n off again Here the Frier mâ—keth a digression falling into his usual manner of flatterie John de Padilla was not so incapable as the Frier makeâ— him thâ—ugh over-seen in this oâ—casion Here Don Pedro Giron discover's himself to bee a Traitor on both sides Another notorious Traitor to the Commons Here the Frier flattereth again the familie of the Girons The Relation of the first Autor who in probabilitie was Gueuara is â—he â—ather to be believed Two months hee staid there A Priest dissuade's Iohn de Padilla from encountering the Cavaliers His Answer A private plot of Don Pedro Maldonadâ—'s with the Earl of Venavente to betraie the Artillerie Notable courage of Ioâ—n de Padilla Iohn de Padilla taken prisoner Don Pedro Mâ—ldonado was sâ—ved for beâ—raying the Arâ—â—â—â—erie Resolute Answer of Jâ—hn Braâ—o Christian admonishment of John de Padilla Here these three noble Gentelmen died as gallantly as they had lived beeing Patriots of their Countrie whose memories deserv an everlasting same The manner of the Cavaliers entering into Valladolid The Freâ—ch advance into Navarra The Fâ—encâ— Armie repulsed The Freâ—ch enter into Biscaya by Bâ—yona Dâ—n Pâ—dâ—o de Guzman soâ—ely wounded and takâ—n prisoner â—y the Tolâ—dians Dâ—nia Maria Pacheco's escape out of Toledo Som saiâ— shâ—e died in Portugal They should rather have erected a Statue in memorie that he died a Martyr for his Countrie The manner of the Bishop of Zamora's beeing tâ—â—ken prisoner They died gallantly as Martyrs for their Countrie The Bâ—shop of Zamorâ—'â— death His Majestie had great reason to gâ—â—â—â— for the loâ—s of the gâ—â—â—test Prelaâ—e thâ—t ever Spain bâ—â—d bâ—eing so aged and so resoluâ—e to the lâ—st for the good of his Countrie Thus died this brave Earl whom if the other Nobâ—es had seconded they had made Spaiâ— the most glorious Reâ—ublicâ— of tâ—e woâ—ld Notaâ—â—â— pieâ—ie of Doâ— Atâ—anasio dâ— Ayala to his fâ—â—ther the Earl of Salvatierra being ready to starv in prison The French make it cursions into Navaâ—ra The French are forcâ—d to rais their siege before Logâ—onio Thâ—ir Armie routed in the Pyrenean mountains and Navarra also reduced by the Governors of Castilla The Emperor and the Pope combine against the French King Their forces take the Citie of Paâ—ma Milan Pavia The French advance into Flanders and are repulsed The French take Fuente Ravia Henrie 8. of England assists the Emperor against the French The Venetians assist the Emperor in Lombardie Francis the first of France taken prisoner at Pavia Francis the Fâ—rst exchang'd for his two sons The Kings of England and France sent Letters of Defiance to the Emperor Peâ—ce made between â—he Emperor and King of France by the Archdutchess of Austria and the Dutchess of Angulâ—mâ— His two sons ransomed for 2000â— of Crowns of Gold The Emperor's sister Lâ—onora married to the French King A plot betwâ—xt Hen. 8 and Fâ—an King of Fâ—ance against the Emperor
the King and Commonaltie live and evil Counsel perish The two hundred Lanciers disorderly flight to Medina alarmed the Cavaliers who having put their Armie in good order marched into the field with intent to rout the Bishop with his five thousand men but hee valued them not though they were numerous and men of eminent qualities for hee knew Don Pedro Giron was so neer with the Rere-guard and so Vigilant that hee would bee readie to back and assist him if occasion should require it Thus the two Armies faced one another each watching an opportunitie to get the advantage of their enemies and so they remained both drawn up in Batalia one whole daie after which the Cavaliers retreated to Tordehumos and the Iunta's Armie to Villabraxima both neer Rioseco The four hundred Priests which had left their Altars in Imitation of the Bishop of Zamora to sacrifice their bloods in this Holie enterprise remained at Tordesillas for the guard of the Town and of the Iunta who out of respect to their Sacerdotal Dignities would not permit them to march amongst the rabble of the Common Souldiers Besides these Priests remained two other Companies of Foot at Tordesillas and some hors commanded by Hernando de Porras Commissioner of Zamora Gomez de Avila and others Three whole daies Don Pedro Giron kept his Armie in order offering to give the Cavaliers Battle but they would not and indeed it had been madness for them to ingage beeing far inferior in num ber and not so well armed although they were better men and of higher courages then the Common People yet they thought it their securest waie to exspect the Earl of Haro's coming their Captain-General who was reported to bee upon his march thither and besides they were in hopes tâ— obtain the Victorie by some other means without any loss of blood the Lord Admiral having some overtures thereof by private intelligence and dealing with Don Pedro Giron and som other Gentlemen who sided with the CoÌ„moners whom if hee could handsomly have taken off it would have been no hard matter to have routed the Vulgar Pack of Tailors Shoomakers Skinners Curriers such like whereof the rest of their Armiâ— was compos'd But the CoÌ„moners perceiving themselvs much the stronger Partie infested the Cavaliers with such skirmishes and hot alarms both night daie that they could take no rest all the while they staied at Tordehumos And hearing that the Earl of Haro was exspected with more forces they determined to force them to fight before his arrival or at least to gain the reputation of proffering them Battle To this effect having mâ—de a general muster they marched with all their Artillerie in very good order towards Rioseco Sanabria Commissioner of Valladolid rid before with 30 Light Hors to discover the field Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega led the Vantguard of Cuirassiers Don Peâ—ro Maldonado and Francisco Maldonado commanded the Light Horsmen The Bishop of Zamora was Captain of the Vantguard of Foot with him marched Don Iohn de Mendoça Captain of Valladolid son to the Cardinal Don Pedro Goncalez de Mendoça Don Gonzalo de Guzman Captain of Leon Don Hernando de Ulloa Captain of Toro and others In the bodie marched Don Pedro Giron called Duke of Medina Sidonia with him divers other Captains and Don Iohn de Figueroa brother to the Duke of Arcos who came that same daie to the Armie from Sevilla besides other Commanders The Rear-guard and the Artillerie was committed to the charge of other officers Beeing arrived within Culverine-shot of the Town they made an Halt commanding their Heralds in mean time to approach so near unto the walls that they might bee heard and declare unto the Admiral and Earl of Venavente with the other Grandees and Gentlemen in Medina that the Armie of their Sovereign Ladie the Queen was com thither to execute upon them by her command those penalties which they had incurred by governing the Kingdom without her ordeâ— or consent and for raising and arming men in contempt and to the disservice of her Majestie and therefore they did offer them Battle and did exspect their coming into the field Having sent this message to the Town they remained in the same order almost until Sun-set But the Cavaliers although they were in Arms made no shew at all of Battel or skirmish but persevering in their former resolution let them stand cooling their heels there At last Don Pedro Giron having commanded som of his Cannon to bee discharged against the Town but the bullets never reach't the Walls returned with his Armie into his Quarters losing and neglecting that occasion which proved very prejudicial to his Partie Hee was no sooner gone but the Earl of Haro arrived with his men who had marched as fast as possibly they could thinking to have com time enough to meet Don Pedro for the Earl had intelligence of his defying the Cavaliers in Medina though hee had no great stomach to fight with them All the Nobles and Gentlemen with their Souldiers marched forth to receiv their Captain General with great solemnitie and Militarie order Hee brought with him three hundred Hors-men in compleat Armor four hundred Light-hors-men and two thousand five hundred Foot all choice men and twelv or thirteen field-pieces The same night came likewise to Rioseco Don Francisco de ZunÌ„iga y Avellaneda Earl of Miranda Don Veltran de la Cueva eldest son to the Duke of Alburquerque Don Luys de la Cueva his brother Don Bernardo de Sandoval y Royas Marquis of Denia with his son Don Luys de Sandoval and Don Francisco de QuinÌ„ones Earl of Luna with all the servants tenants and souldiers they could get This supplie encreased the Cavaliers to above one and twentie hundred hors and six thousand foot souldiers besides a good companie of servants Insomuch that hereby they held themselvs stronger then their enemies not that they exceeded them in number but in virtue and courage besides the Caus which they mainteined was more just and warrantable which add's much confidence and boldness to the hearts of men and make's their souls insusceptible of any Panick fears SECT IV. THose of the Iunta seeing fresh forces com daily in to the Cavaliers endeavored to prepossess themselvs of all the Towns and places of strength and sent besides to all those of their league to rais and have in a readiness what men possibly they could notwithstanding they were already much stronger then the other partie Hereupon in Valladolid by order from the Iunta was publickly proclaimed that all the Townsmen from eighteen to threescore years of age should bee trained and bee readie with their Arms to march into the field upon notice from the Captain General of the Armie The President and other Judges of the Chancerie in Valladolid who were Persons of great respect and esteem in the Citie having never before meddled with either side seeing the great disorder amongst the people and fearing further confusion