Selected quad for the lemma: king_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
king_n	bishop_n	house_n	mark_n	22,862	5	10.9634	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A77171	The martial-field of Europe being a geographical and historical description of those parts of Europe, which are most famous in this present war, viz. I. Flanders, II. The Rhine, III. Savoy, IV. Catalonia, V. Hungary, VI. Greece. With an account of the several revolutions of those places, either by conquest or treaties of peace, particularly from the treaty of Munster in 1648. to this present time. By A. Boyer, Gent.	Boyer, Abel, 1667-1729.	1694 (1694)	Wing B3916; ESTC R203420	162,311	286

who have lately fortified it It stands by the borders of Hainault 10 Miles S. W. of Charleroy and 14 S. E. of Mons Long. 23 d. 31 m. Lat. 50 d. 22 m. V. Bouillon Bouillon or Buillon Lat. Bullonium is a fair and beautiful Burrough and Castle with the Title of a Dutchy This Castle is very strong situated upon a craggy Mountain It gave its name to the illustrious Godfrey of Bouillon King of Jerusalem who undertaking the famous expedition of the Holy Land engaged Bouillon to Obert Bishop of Liege upon condition that if he came back he should have the Liberty of Redeeming it In the XVth Century it passed into the House of la Mark It is now Subject to the French and stands on the River Semoy 38 Miles almost W. of Luxemburg Long. 24 d. 34 m. Lat. 49 d. 50 m. VI. Dinant Dinant Lat. Dinantium a rich Town on the River Meuse had formerly a strong Cittadel on a steep Rock that was ruined by the French in 1554. and has been restored since The French are in possession of this Place ever since 1675. it lies 14 Miles S. of Namur and 40 almost E. of Liege Long. 24 d. 10 m. Lat. 50 d. 12 m. VI. Walcourt Walcourt or Valencourt is a small inconsiderable Town in the Bishoprick of Liege tho' often reckon'd in Namur It is the Capital of le pays entre Meuse Sambre and famous for an obstinate skirmish betwixt the Dutch and French in which the latter sustained a considerable loss in 1689. but made themselves Masters of the Town It stands on a Rivulet nine Miles S. of Charleroy and 17 W. of Dinant Long. 23 d. 42 m. Lat. 50 d. 18. m. VIII Florennes Florennes is another small Town in Le Pays entre Sambre Meuse subject to the French It stands five Miles E. of Walcourt and 11 W. of Dinant Long. 24 d. Lat. 50 d. 10 m. IX Horne Horne is a little Town in Brabant with the Title of Earldom and a great Domain It is situated on the River Meuse with a good Castle It is an Imperial Mannor tho' subordinate to the ancient Earldom of Lootz in the Dominion of Liege .. It stands six Miles almost W. of Ruremond X. Hamont Hamont is a little Town in the County of Lootz and subject to this Prince In stands on the Borders of Brabant 17 Miles N. W. of Maesick Long. 24 d. 50 m. Lat. 51 d. 18 m. XI Brey Brey is another small Town in the County of Lootz subject to that Prince 11 Miles W. of Maesick and 15 North of Maestricht Long. 24 d. 55 m. Lat. 51 d. 10 m. XII Maesick Maesick is a pretty considerable Town in the County of Lootz subject to this Prince It stands on the River Maes by the Borders of Brabant and Gelderland 13 Miles almost N. E. of Maestricht and 27 from Liege Long. 25 d. 13. m. Lat. 51 d. 7 m. XIII Herk Herk is a small Town in the same County on the borders of Brabant and on the River Demer 18 Miles E. of Maestricht and 25 N. W. of Liege Long. 24 d. 28 m. Lat. 50 d. 58 m. XIV St. Truyen St. Truyen or St. Tron Lat. Fanum Sancti Trudonis is the Capital of the County of Hasbain or Haspengo subject to this Prince It stands nigh the Borders of Brabant 18 Miles W. of Mastricht and 20 almost N. W. of Liege Long. 24 d. 21 m. Lat. 50 d. 52 m. XV. Tongres Tongres or Tongeron Lat. Tungri or Aduacata Tungrorum is a very ancient Town upon Jecker it was first ruined by Attila and afterwards by the Normans Some pretend that St. Materne sent by St. Peter preached the Gospel and was first Bishop of this Place where he had eight successors until St. Gervais removed the seat to Mastricht whence it was afterwards changed to Liege This Town has nothing considerable at present but its name and the Glory of its ancient splendor It lies about 13 Miles N. W. of Liege Long. 24 d. 34 m. Lat. 50 d. 53 m. Article VIII Of the County of Namur THIS County borders Brabant on the North part of Brabant and Hainault on the West Bounds part of Hainault and Luxemburg on the South and part of Luxemburg and the Country of Liege Extent on the East It s extent North-east and South-West is about 34 Miles and West and East about 30. It is plentifully stored with all Commodities the Hills cloathed with Woods full of Fowl and Venison Quality and the Valleys fertile in Corn and Pastures It has also several Mines of Lead and Iron Quarries of divers sorts of fine Marble and Pits of Stone-Coal which they call Houles Cities There are here four considerable Towns and about 184 Villages Villages Rivers The Chief Rivers are 1. The Meuse which runs through the midst of this Province into the Bishoprick of Liege washing Charlemont Dinant Bovines and Namur 2. The Sambre which here washes Charleroy and falls into the Meuse at Namur This County was formerly under the Spaniards but the French have in this late War conquered its best places Government The most remarkable places in the County of Namur are Namur Bish Cap. Charleroy Charlemont Bouvines Flerus I. Namur Namur Lat. Namurcum situated upon the Sambre and near the Maes lies between two Mountains and has a very strong Castle Some derive its name from Novo Muro a new Wall built here by the Romans The Cathedral dedicated to St. Aubin was built in 1569. and the Bishoprick lies under the Archbishop of Cambray besides the Cathedral there is also the Collegiate Church of our Lady and several other Churches and Monasteries This City has a large and handsom Market-place a stately Town-house and abundance of good Stone-Buildings It is no less rich than pleasant and strong The Council Royal of the Province resided here from which they did appeal to that of Malines In 1692. The strength of the Place being discovered to the French by the Treacherous Baron de Bresse who under pretence of being taken did actually desert the Spanish service Lewis XIV with 80000 sat down before it Luxemburg covering the Siege with another great Army The Town was taken after a few days Resistance a Parly being beaten by a Drummer who never discovered who commanded him While the French continued to Besiege the Castle King William III. of great Brittain march'd with 90000 Men to its Relief but the French being advantageously posted they declined Battle His Majesty did notwithstanding drive them from some of their Posts and laid Bridges over the River to pass it but in the mean time a great Rain happening swell'd the River carried down the Bridges prevented his attacquing them and gave them the opportunity to take the Castle also July 2. 1692. Namur has been since very well Fortified by the French It lies 32 Miles S. E. of Brussels and 50 almost S. of Antwerp Long. 24 d. 12 m. Lat. 50 d. 32 II.

and broad Ditches In 1639. the French besieged it but in vain About 1596. Philip II. of Spain founded here a College for English Jesuits endowing it largely they have since purchased Watton Cloyster which is within 2 Miles of St. Omer a very pleasant place and worth 500 pound per annum The Duke of Orleans the French Kings Brother took this Town in April 1677. after the Battel of Cassel and by the Peace of Nimeguen it was yielded to the French It is a Rich Trading City and remarkable for the Abbey of St. Bertin in which it is not lawful for Women to enter during life nor to be buried after St. Omer stands 17 miles S. of Dunkirk 21 E. of Boulogne and 36 N. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 22 m. Lat. 50. d. 52 m. III. Bapaume Bapaume is a very strong little Town the French took it in 1641. and it was left to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands on the borders of Picardy 14 miles almost E. of Arras and 15 S. W. of Cambray Long. 22 d. 5 m. Lat. 50 d. 9. m. IV. Hesdin Hesdin or Hesdinfert Lat. Hesdina or Hesdinum is a fortified Town on the River Canche and Frontiers of Picardy formerly situated a League from the Place where it stands now for it was ruin'd during the Wars between Francis I. and Charles V. and rebuilt by Emanuel Duke of Savoy the Emperors General in 1554. in a place called Mesnil Therefore called Hesdinfert alluding to the old Motto of the House of Savoy F.E.R.T. It enjoys a very good situation and is a very regular Exagon so well contrived and fortified that it is accounted one of the strongest Holds of Flanders yet it was taken by the French and yielded to them by the Treaty of the Pyrenees It stands 25 miles South of St. Omer Long. 21 d. 20. m. Lat. 50 d. 27 m. V. Bethune Bethune is the chief Town of the County of that Name it stands on the small River Biette It is a very good place pretty well fortified here are two Fairs which bring it a considerable Trade The French took it 1645. and it was yielded to them by the 35th Article of the Treaty of the Pyrenees Anno 1659. It has produced several great Men who have been Dukes Peers and Mareschals of France and done their Kings great service in the Wars It lies 18 miles N. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 46 m. Lat. 50 d. 38. m. VI. St. Venant St. Venant Lat. Fanum Sancti Venantii is a small Town on the River Lies It was taken by the French in 1669. and formerly a place of strength but now much neglected It stands 26 miles S. of Dunkirk and as many N. of Arras Long. 21 d. 39 m. Lat. 50 d. 44 m. VII Aire or Arien Aire is a very strong Town with a good Castle on the Frontiers of Flanders within three Leagues of St. Omer The River Lys runs through it it has fine Churches especially the ancient Collegiate Church called St. Peters to which Baldwin Count of Flanders added 14 Prebendaries in 1604. The French took this place in 1641. after a memorable Siege but it was quickly after retaken by the Spaniard It was again taken by the French in 1676. under the command of Mareschal D'Humieres It stands 25 miles S. of Dunkirk 28 N. W. of Arras and 26 E. of Boulogne Long. 21 d. 30 m. Lat. 50 d. 41. m. VIII Therouan or Terouane Therouane Lat. Teruana or Cicutus Morinorum was the Capital of the Ancient Morins It had formerly a Bishops See Suffragant of Rheims It was lookt upon as an impregnable place But Pontus de Laillan Lord of Bugnicourt took it in 1553. for Charles V. who ordered it should be demolished so that now there are but few Inhabitants who are subject to the King of France It stands on the River Lys five miles W. of Aire and nine S. of St. Omers Long. 21 d. 23 m. Lat. 50 d. 41 m. IX Lens Lens Lat. Lentium Nemetacum is a small Town upon the River Souchets formerly pretty well fortified but some years since slighted and dismantled The Prince of Conde gave the Spaniards a great overthrow here in 1648. and afterwards took the Town which was left to France by the 35th Article of the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands nine Miles N. of Arras and 15 W. of Doway Long. 21 d. 57 m. Lat. 50 d. 28 m. X. Avesnes le Comte Avesnes le Comte is but a small Town on the Frontiers of Picardy very much ruined by the Wars It stands eight Miles S. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 40 m. Lat. 50 d. 14 m. XI Liques Liques is a small Town on the Borders of Picardy seven miles W. of St. Omer and 12 almost S. of Calais Long. 21 d. 12 m. Lat. 50 d. 53 m. XII Pernes Pernes is also a small Town seven miles W. of Bethune 9 S. of Aire and 20 N. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 33 m. Lat. 50 d. 34 m. There are some other small inconsiderable Towns in Artois such as St. Paul Mont St. Eloy Renty Dire or Drien c. THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT II. The Course of the Rhine CHAP. I. Description of the River Rhine in general THE Rhine Lat. Rhenus has its Sources in the Alps in Mount Adula or St. Gothar Source in the Country of Grisons or Rhaetia two or three Leagues from the Fountain of the Rhone It springs from two Fountains the one called Veder Rhyn or first Rhine and the other Hindes Rhyn or the se second Rhine which join both together This River begins to be Navigable near Chur in Switzerland Course and entring into the great Lake of Constance it passes to Schaffouze and Basil from thence it runs into Alsatia and increasing by the Waters of many great Rivers it Waters the Palatinate of the Rhine The Archbishopricks and Electorates of Mayence or Mentz Treves or Triers and Cologne or Ceulen then the succession of Cleves and Juliers And finally it enters the Low-Countries at the Fort Schenk where it divides into two Branches whereof the one called Vahal runs through Nimeguen Tiel and Bommel and joining with the Meuse it looses its name The other branch takes its course towards the North almost as far as Arnheim where it separates into two parts whereof the one called the Yssel passeth to Doesburg and Zutphen and discharges it self into the Zuyder-zee The other Arm which since the year 860 has formmed a new Course by the over-flowing of the Sea is called Lech and runs not by Vtrecht and Leyden as it did then but to Wyck Cullemburg and Newport and finally dischargeth it self into the Merwe and from thence into the Ocean This River fam'd by the Greek and Latin Writers History is without doubt the greatest in Europe next the Danube and noted for the excellent Wine which grows on its Banks called Rhenish-Wine The Etymology of its name is variously discoursed of by Authors

the other from Tarentais to Dauphine It is generally believed to be the Country of the Ancient Brannovices in Caesar tho' Samson be of another Mind The most considerable Places here are St. John of Maurienne Bish Cap. La Chambre Marquisate St. Michael St. Julian St. Andrew Modane Vsse Braman Lanebourg I. St. John of Maurienne St. John of Maurienne or Morienne Lat. Mauriana Sancti Joannis is on the River Arche with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Vienna in Dauphine It is an Unwalled City seated in a Valley on the Frontiers of France The Cathedral Church of St. John has many Tombs of the Dukes of Savoy This City lies 16 Leagues from Grenoble to the East The Valley of Tarentaise Lat. Tarentasia THIS small Province lies between the Fossigny on the North the Alps and the Dutchy of Aost on the East the Valley of Morienne on the South and Savoy Proper on the West The remarkable Places here are Monstiers Archbp. Cap. St. James St. Maurice Briancon Constans Le Bourg I. Monstiers Monstiers Lat. Monasterium formerly Tarentasia and Forum Neronis Centronum is seated upon the Isere with an Archbishops See which has for Suffragans Sion and Aousle It has not been Metropolis but since the eighth Age for before that time all Ecclesiastick Authors agree that it was subject to that of Vienne It stands 16 Miles E. of St. John de Mauscenne 28 E. of Monmelian and 64 N. W. of Turin Long. 26 d. 14 m. Lat. 45 d. seven m. The Barony of Fossigny FOssigni Foucigni or Faussigny Lat. Fociniacum and Fociniensis Tractus with the Title of Barony lies between Genevois and le Valais in a Mountainous Country its ancient Inhabitants were the Focunates or Focuates The most remarkable Places here are Bonneville Cap. Cluse St. Gervais Taninge Salanche Bonneville Bonneville Lat. Bonnopolis is a small Town and Castle on the right Bank of the River Arva over which it has a Wooden Bridge two Leagues from Cluse five from Annecy and about as many from Geneva Bonneville is at the Foot of the Mountains but the Plain on the other side the River Arva belongs to Geneva It is not considerable yet several Noble Families of Savoy as of St. Alban de Millet de Chales c. have had their Original from thence The Dukedom of Chablais Lat. Caballicus Ducatus THis Province Borders the Lake of Geneva to the North The Country of Velay to the East Fossigny to the South and the Territories of Geneva to the West It comprehends the Bailywicks of Tannier and Galliard and the Lands of St. Victor The Romans kept great studs in this Province which for that reason they called Provincia Equestris and Caballica from the last word comes the present Chablais The Places of Note here are Thonon Ripaille Evian Armoy St. John d' Aux or of Aost Thonon Thonon or Tonnon Lat. Tunonium is a small inconsiderable Town on the Lake of Geneva seven Leagues E. of that Town The Genevois Lat. Genevensis Ager THis Province has the River Rhine on the West and North Chablais and Fossigni on the East and Savoy Proper on the South The remarkable Places here are Geneve Bish Free Annecy Cap. Albi. La Roche Tonnes Faverge Manigo Talloir Clairmont Mount St. Martin I. Geneva Geneva or Geneve Lat. Januba Genabum Geneva or Geneventium Civitas is an ancient City of the Allobroges upon the Frontiers of Savoy seated upon the Rhine at the extremity of the Lake Leman now called Lake of Geneva It is a neat large rich City well fortified and has an admirable situation partly upon a Hill partly in a Plain which has the Lake on the North. The Rhine issuing out of the Lake incompasses the City to the West and divides it from that delightful part call'd St. Gervais At the end of the City the Rhine receives the River Arve which is another Rampart of Geneva to the South and besides the defence it draws from those Rivers to the South and West and from the Lake to the North it has very good Fortifications St. Peter's Church is built upon a Hill and was formerly the Cathedral There are in this City several Piazza's a fair Town-House with a Pair of Stairs of particular Workmanship an Arsenal in good order vast Walks and beautiful Streets especially along the Lake The Rivieres or Bank-sides make three different Streets for there is in the middle a Passage for Coaches and Horses with Shops on both sides having Porticco's before them supported with Pillars where you walk securely from the Weather It is a City of great Trade in a Soil abounding with Wine It is very ancient and was very considerable in the time of the Romans as several * See Spon's Antiquities of Geneva Inscriptions testifie After several Revolutions and suffering much by the Incursions of the Barbarians she had Counts of her own of which the most Ancient was Robert or Ratbert in the year 880. After that this City preserved her Liberty for many years under the Imperial protection till being deserted by the Emperors engaged in Civil Dissentions she had recourse to her own Bishops then in great Authority but they embroyling themselves with the Duke of Savoy those Discords strangely afflicted her being already twice consumed by Fire So that she was forc'd to struggle with the succeeding Dukes of Savoy for her Liberty which she did with various Fortune being reduc'd to great extremities by Charles Duke of Savoy after a long Siege And like to have been seized by Emanuel which forc'd her to a strict Alliance with the Cantons of Berne and Friburg by whom she was delivered from her Fears and the Dukes of Savoy brought to an easie composition and Renunciation of their Pretensions But nothing conduced so much to her Establishment as her embracing the Reformation first Preached to her by William Farel her first Minister to whom succeeded Calvin and Beza who both died at Geneva so that after she had renewed a perpetual League with the Cantons before-mentioned by their support in 1535. the Council of Geneva abolished the Roman Religion and forced her Bishop Peter of la Beaume to remove his See to Annecy About 350 years ago this City was twice burnt in seven years time and the change of Religion having heightened its Neighbours Rage against it it suffered a very sharp Siege and miserable Famine in 1584. But yet prevailed so far by the help of the Canton of Zurich that the Duke of Savoy and the Bishop were forced to renounce all their pretensions to it Nor did it reap less glory from its defeating the Nocturnal Scalado of Charles Emanuel in 1602. In these late years the French King has several times threatned this City of a Siege but has been kept from such a design by the fear of breaking with the Switzers The Emperor Charles IV. instituted here an University in 1368. which is still very flourishing Geneva stands 75 Miles N. E. of Lyons 65 S. of Besancon 50 N. of

sorts of Nations viz. Saxons Inhabitants Bulgarians and Hungarians the first possess the Province called the Seven Towns the Bulgarians dwell on the Banks of Marise the Hungarians possess the Frontiers of Walachia and follow the Grecian Religion These are divided into Counties pay no Tribute to the Prince of Transilvania but are obliged to serve at their own Expences when he goes to War The Doctrine of Calvin and Luther were introduced here in 1561. For George Brandrata Religion Physician to John Zapol Count of Scepus and Vayvode of Transilvania made this young Prince embrace the Sentiments of Luther by means of Denis Alexis but this Man not Executing his Orders with care enough he substituted Francis David in his Place who of a Lutheran made the Prince a Calvinist and at last taught him the Doctrine of Arius Stephen Bathori Prince of Transilvania in 1571. afterwards chosen King of Poland endeavoured to re-establish Popery and to that end gave the Government of this Principality to his Brother Christopher Bathori who cast David into Prison where he died Mad. He founded a College of Jesuits at Colaswar but dying in 1583. his Son Sigismund who succeeded him to comply with the Transilvanians was forced to dismiss the Jesuits but recalled them two years after This Principality is now incorporated with the Kingdom of Hungary Government under the protection of the Emperor for Michael Abafti the 23d Prince from John Huniades who succeeded John Kemani in 1661. by a solemn Act given at Hermanstadt May 9. 1688. with the full consent of the States of Transilvania made an entire submission of this Country to the Emperor and the King of Hungary to last for ever and accordingly he received Imperial Garrisons into all the principal places The said Prince dying in 1690. the States in a general Assembly resolved to adhere to the Interests of the Emperor against all the Pretences of Count Teckely or the Ottoman Port according to the Tenour of the said Treaty The most considerable Places in the Principality of Transilvania are Hermanstadt Bish Cap. Alba Julia or Weissemburg Bish Brassow or Cronstadt Coloswar or Clausenburg Segeswar Agnetlin Altenberg Bestercze Newmark I. Hermanstadt Hermanstadt Lat. Cibinum or Hermanopolis called by the Inhabitants Zeben the Capital of Transilvania and Residence of the Prince is a large populous strong and well built City It has no Bishop at present but is reckoned a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishop of Colocza in Hungary The Inhabitants of this City are Saxons and five Jurisdictions depend upon it The Prince of this Country having formerly put himself under the Protection of the Grand Signior the late Duke of Lorrain prevail'd with the Prince Abafti to put himself under the Protection of the Emperor and to receive a Garrison of 3000 Germans in 1687. This City stands in a Plain on the River Cibin 160 Miles N. E. of Belgrade and 235 almost E. of Buda Long. 45 d. 48 m. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. II. Weissemburg Weissemburg Lat. Alba Julia which the Hungarians call Giula Fejerwar is situate upon the River Marise which the Inhabitants call Marons and the Germans Merisch with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocka The ancient Kings and Princes of this Country made their ordinary residence in this City which has been much greater than now it is as may be seen by its rare Roman Medals Coins and Inscriptions evident signs of Antiquity and Grandeur It stands 34 Miles W. of Hermanstadt 68 N. E. of Temeswar 90 E. of Waradin and 196 E. of Buda Long. 45 d. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. III. Cronstadt or Brassaw Brassaw or Cronstadt Lat. Patrovissa is a strong City and a Bishop's See situated near the Frontiers of Moldavia and the Carpathian Mountains Some take it for the Praetoria Augusta of Ptolomy and others call it Corona and Stephanopolis and pretend that it is one of the Seven Cities Built or Repaired by the Saxons It stands 65 Miles almost N. E. of Hermanstadt Long. 47 d. 20 m. Lat. 47 d. 5 m. IV. Clausemburg Clausemburg called Coloswar by those of the Country and Claudiopolis in Latin is a great and populous City with the Title of a Bishoprick and an old Cittadel situated upon the little Brook Samos at the foot of the Mountains towards the Frontiers of Hungary 34 Miles N. W. of Weissemburg and 64 of Hermanstadt Long. 44 d. 25 m. Lat. 47 d. 11 m. The States of Transilvania are kept in it V. Segeswar Segeswar called Schezberg by the Germans Lat. Segethusa is seated on the River Cochel at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains subject to the Prince of Transilvania under the Emperor It stands 40 Miles N. of Hermanstadt VI. Agnetlin or Agnabat Agnetlin or Agnabat is one of the Chief Towns in Transilvania tho' of no strength it is seated on the River Harbach 25 Miles almost N. of Hermanstadt subject to the Prince of Transilvania and protected by the Emperor VII Altemberg Altemberg is a small City seated upon a Hill Built out of the Ruins of Zalnatra 20 Miles S. W. of Weissemburg or Alba Julia and 42 S. of Clausenburg VIII Bestercze or Besteriza Bestercza or Besteriza Lat. Bistricia is a small but very neat City which stands in a very large Plain upon a River of its own Name 80 Miles N. W. of Hermanstadt IX Newmark Newmark Lat. Nova Marchia called Waverhely by the Hungarians is seated on the River Merish at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains 36 Miles N. E. of Clausenburg The States of Transilvania usually meet here Article III. Podolia Bounds POdolia is a great Province of Poland in Lithuania between Moldavia to the S. Black Russia to the W. Volhinia to the N. and the Tartars of Oczakow to the E. This Province is very fertile but has been often wasted by the Inroads of the Tartars and Cossacks and is now the Theatre of the War between the Poles and the Turks It 's usually divided into the Higher Podolia that lyes to the West wherein are the Cities of Kaminieck and Bar and into the Lower which lyes to the East and has in it the City of Bracklaw I. Kaminieck Bish Cap. Kaminieck or Caminieck Lat. Camenecia Clepidava or Camienicum is a very strong Town and the Capital of Podolia The Poles call it Kaminieck Podeleki It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Lemberg and stands upon a Mountain by the River Smortzyck which a little lower falls into the Niester The Turks very often attempted this Place without success but it having suffered much by Fire in 1669. and being thereupon Besieged by them in 1672. it was taken the Poles being then Engaged in a Civil War amongst themselves and the Town in an ill condition of Defence The Cossacks under Motula blocked it up in April 1687. and the Polish Army designed to Attack it in September following but upon the approach of the Ottoman Forces they were both of them forced to retire The Polish