CALIOPE'S Cabinet Opened WHEREIN Gentlemen may be informed how to adorn themselves for FUNERALS FEASTINGS and other Heroick Meetings ALSO Here they may know their place and Worth with all the Degrees and Dâ—stinctions of Honour in the Realm shewing how every one ought to take place with the Titles due to them with other things of Antiquity very observeable By James Salter LONDON Printed by G. M. for Will. Crooke at the three Bibles on Fleet-Bridge 1665. To the Worshipful Thomas Clifford Esquire And to the Worshipful Henry Ford. Esquire Justices of the Peace for the County of Devon Honoured Sirs YE may not onely admire at my Confidence but smile at my Folly that dare recommend to your Protection and publish under your Name this my rude and unpollished Enchyridian I must ingeniously confess they are subjects too low for either of your high and learned Endowments which require an advancement by some acute Orator but knowing true Generosity accepteth what is zealously offered though not deservingly excellent I am the more encouraged to presume on your genarous dispositions hoping it may finde admittance from your worthy selves for as Cinthia's borrowed Beams do shine from Titans Glory so I am sensible this Book of mine will appear dark and may justly be rejected without the reflection of your propitious Countenances upon it Therefore good Sirs be pleased to own both it and your engaged Servant Having found you Amicos inter adversa I could do no other then publickly to own your Favours to my unworthy self the acknowledgement of your Loves to me is my thanks and to thank you for your Loves must be my best acknowledgement I can do no more I shall never do less and what I want in power is supplied in will Pardon my boldness if I have soared too high in this enterprize who is Your Servant to be commanded James Salter Books newly Printed for William Crooke at the three Bibles on Fleet-Bridge 1665. The History of St. George shewing his Miracles Atchievements and all other Actions during his Life with his Martyrdome c. By T. Lowick Gent. Never Printed before Sixty nine Enigmatical Characters all exactly drawn to the life very full of pleasure and delight By R. F. Esq There is newly cut the Pictures to the Old Testament never before cut in England The Royal Stem being a Relation to all the most principal Actions from William the Conquerour to the end of the Year 1664. With the Pictures of King Charles the Second all in a broad sheet of Paper CALIOPE'S Cabinet Opened The Kings Crown with its Twelve Stones therein IN the King of England Crown are these ensuing Precious Stones 1. Topazion it contains the colour of most Precious Stones and by which the King is warned to exercise all vertues 2. Smaragd or Emrdud so green as it exceedeth all Herbs It representeth Justice in the King 3. Sardique it is in colour like unto red Clay which is in the top of the Diadem for the King to consider though he is the highest yet he is but Clay 4. Cryselith it shineth like Gold sending as it were forth flames this exhorteth the King to shine in Wisdom and Prudence 5. Calcedon being strong and hard by nature sheweth that the King should be of Fortitude and Courage of mind in the Regiment of his people 6. Hiacinth It sheweth like water the Sun shining upon it it teacheth Temperance and Sobriety 7. Jasper it is like a dark or Grasse-green colour This teacheth the King to provide for the Diet and plenty of his people more then for his own 8. Crisopalle of the colour of Gold somewhat mixed with green the Gold admonisheth Wisdom the green warneth him to aspire Heavenly things 9. Berill green and pale this perswadeth Heavenly Contemplation and that he ought not to be Corpulent by Epicurism 10. A Saphire is of a light blew This instructeth the King to Continency 11. Amatist it is decked with Purple and Violet the Purple biddeth the King to difcharge his Regal Function the Violet to give a good Savour 12. Sardonax is black in the bottom red in the midst and white above and instructeth the King to Humbleness Charity and Sincerity His Ensigns 1. A Mound or Ball of Gold with a Cross on it sheweth to him that the Religion of Christ ought to be reverenced through all his Dominions 2. Scepter shews Justice 3. Sword denotes Vengeance 4. Ring noting Faithfulness 5. Bracelet which is for good Works 6. Purple Robe is for Reverence 7. Diadem which is for Triumph The Coronation of the King FIrst goes the Kings Messengers two and two Gentlemen two and two Trumpeerts on both sides Esquires of the Body Knights Bachelors Greater Chaplains Younger Sons of Noblemen Mdermen of London Clerks of the Counsel Secretaries to the King Master of the Rolls Knights of the Bath Counsellours to the King Knights Baronets and Bannorets Knights of the Garter no Barons Sons of Viscounts Younger Sons of Earls and Marquesses Barons Earls eldest Sons Viscounts Bishops Marquesses eldest Sons Dukes younger Sons Earls Dukes eldest Sons Marquesses Dukes Controuler of the House Treasurer of the House Almoner Secretary of State Lord Admiral Keeper of the Privy Seas Lord Great Master Lord Chancellour Two representing the Dukes of Normandy and Aquitaine Garter and the Lord Mayor with the Mace of his Majesty Serjeants at Arms and Heraulds on both sides The Constable of England the great Chamberlain and Marshall on each side of the King The King under a Canope born by six Knights The Master of the Horse leading a Rich Horse Nine Pages on Horseback with their Captain following Gentlemen Pentioners with their Partisans The Captain of the Guard with the Yeomen Servants of Noblemen and Gentlemen A Royal Feast the King Fresent FIrst at the Head of the Table the King himself sits 2. At the lower end of the same Table are placed Embassadours of divers Princes 3. Before him stand the Carver Sewer and Cupbearer with a great number of Gentlemen-waiters attending his Person the Ushers making place to strangers that come to behold his Person 4. At a side Table on the right hand near adjoyning to the King are placed the Lord Chancellour Chamberlain Steward Treasurer and Keeper of the Seal with Divers Honourable Persons 5. At another Table at the left hand are placed the Treasurer of the Houshold Secretaries the Kings Serjants at Law the Master of the Revels the King at Arms the Dean of the Chappel and divers Gentlemen Pentioners to furnish the same 6. At the other Table at the other side are set the Master of the Game and his chief Ranger Masters of the Houshold Clerks of the Green Cloath and Chequer with strangers to furnish the same 7. At another Table over against them is placed the Lieutenant of the Tower accompanied with divers Captains of foot 8. At the lower end of the Hall begins the high Butler and Panther Clerks of the Kitchin furnished throughout with the Kings
Guard At every course the Trumpets with other Musick are to sound Going to the Parliament in State FIrst the Messengers of the Court. Gentlemen of lesser note Esquires Esquires of the Body Clerks of the Chancery Clerks of the Signet Clerks of the Privy Seal Clerks of the Counsel Masters of the Chancery Knights Bachelours Knights Baronets and Bannorets Serjeants at Law The Kings Serjeants Two Heraulds Judges of the Exchequer Judges of both Benches Chief Justice of the Pleas and chief Baron Chief Justice of the Kings Bench and Master of the Roll. Younger Sons of Noblemen Treasurer of the Kings Chamber Knights of the Bath Eldest Sons of Noblemen Knights of the Privy Counsel Knights of the Garter Principal Secretary Treasurer and Comptroler of the House Two Heraulds Barons Two Heraulds Bishops The Bishop of Winchester Prelate of the Garter Bishop of London Durham and Lord Chancellour to the Archbishop of Canterbury go next before the Archbishop by Act of Parliament Viscounts Two Heraulds Earles Herauld King at Armes Marquesses Dukes Lord Chancelour arch-Arch-Bishops Clarenceaux King at Arms. Two Serjeants at Arms. Garter with the chief Gentleman Usher at his right hand The Earle Marshal Great Chamberlain and Steward of the House The King in a Chair carried Four Esquires and Footmen in rich Coats Pentioners with Partisans ranked on each side Master of the Horse leading a spare Horse Vice-Chamberlain Who are to be admitted Gentlemen In Ecclesiastical Vicars Generals Guardians of Spirit Deans of Cathedrals Arch Deacons Chancellors Treasurers Chaunters Doctors Provosts Deans Governours of Colledges In Military The high Constable Lieutenant General Marshal Admiral Major General Quartermaster General Treasurer Guardians of Fronteers Grand Esquires Mr. of Artillery Collonels Serjeant Major Captain and all that receive Commission In Civil State The Chancelor President Treasurer Judges Justices Chief Officer of the Palace Royal. Secretary of State Mayors Provosts Bayliffs of incorporate Towns and Cities Of Doctors The Doctor of Divinity is to be preferred next the Knight The Doctor of Law next The Doctor of Physick next To these professions is admitted the bearing of armes but the Herauld ought to have a special care and regard in the designment Gentility obtained by learning is honorable Professions not Gentlemen 1. Viliny which is the Countreyman 2. Shop-keepers commonly named Merchants whose condition of life is ungentlle in regard of the doubleness of their tongue without which they cannot live 3. Craftsmen 4. Bondmen Seven more but Laudable 1. Agriculture 2. Cloathing 3. Architecture 4. Merchandizing beyond Sea 5. Armatura working of metal 6. Arsvenatoria the art of Hunting 7. Theatoria the Arts of Playes These seven are correspondent to seven Sciences which may be admitted Gentlemen and bear armes they are as followeth Seven Sciences Gentile with the Arms they may bear Doctor of Physick MAy bear Argent about a Laurel Tree a Serpent inwrapped The Orator May bear Azure on a chief gules three Roses Or The Mathematician May bear Azure a Globe Or Geometrician May bear Vert a Carpenters Square Argent Astronomer May bare Azure a Serpent biting his Tail Or Musician May have Vert a Grashopper Or Poet. May bear Azure a Swan proper Precedencies of Kings and Kingdoms GReat debates have been concerning the preheminance of Kings and Kingdoms How their Embassadors and Bishops were placed at the Council of Constance is as followeth 1. First was placed the German ranck to whom was united Bohemia Hungaria Polonia Dalmatia Gretia and Croatia 2. The French had place alone as a Nation absolute 3. Next was the English to whom was united Scotland Norway Denmark Sweeden and Cyprus 4. Then the Italians who had all the Kingdoms subject to Rome as Scicily Naples c. 5. Lastly the Spaniards who were there hardly allowed a Nation but in the end to be the fifth and last to whom were joyned Castilia Arragon Majorca Navarra Portugal and Granado Officers of State how to take place THose of the Crown are to precede and take place of all other Nobility that are not except of the Blood Royal. Of the Crown are Lord Chancelor Lord Treasurer Lord President of the privy Councel Lord Privy Seal These six are next If he be a Baron to sit above all Barons or an Earle above all Earls as 1. Lord great Chamberlain of England 2. Lord high Constable of England 3. Lord Marshal of England 4. Lord Admiral of England 5. Lord great Master or Steward of the Kings House 6. Lord Chamberlain of the Kings House The principal Secretary if a Baron above all Barons How Gentlemen of a Civil or Military State are to take place DUkes Marquesses Earles Viscounts and Barons are to take their places according to the antiquity of their Title and their Ancestors Creation and their Wives accordingly A Dukes eldest Son takes place as a Marquess but beneath him his Wife beneath a Marchioness if she be the Daughter and Heir of a Duke she shall go before all Dukes eldest Sons Wives but beneath a Marchioness The youngest Sons of Dukes are in equal degree with an Earle but to go beneath him So the eldest Sonne of a Marqness as an Earle and the younger as Viscounts their Ladies and Sisters to take place accordingly An Earles eldest Son takes place as a younger Viscount and a younger as a Baron their Wives and Sisters accordingly Viscounts eldest Sons as Barons and their youngest Sons to take place with Barons eldest Sons above all Knights Taking of place from a Slave to a Baron Rom. 12. v. 10. AS men here in England do and ought to precede and take place is as followeth Workmen and Labourers of no substance are to precede a Bondman Masons before Workmen Watermen and Ferrymen before Masons Fishermen before Watermen Marriners and Sea Souldiers before Fishermen Victuallers Retailers of wares and Chapmen before them Artificors occupied in Arts either necessary or pleasing before Victuallers c. Husbandmen whose endeavours are imployed about the fruits of the Earth before Artificers A Gentleman is to precede a Husbandman a Gentleman that has Title shall go before others as a Doctor being a Gentle man before others A Gentleman Graduate before a graduate tantum A Gentleman qualified with learning and vertue is before a Gentleman rich onely A Gentleman advanced for vertue shall be preferred before a Gentleman by Office An Esquire by Office is to precede a Gentleman An Esquire by creation to precede him An Esquire by Birth him A Knight Batchelor is to go before an Esquire A Baronet before a Knight A Knight Bannorer before him A Baron before him If a man of wealth as a Merchant c. purchase a Barony he ought not to have place amongst Barons A Father that hath a Son that beareth Office shall give place to his Son in publick meeting except in private Between two equals he that is in his own Jurisdiction shall precede A Citizen of a chief City is to take place of a Citizen of a meaner City in any
place indifferent unless in their own precincts Inferior Justices Collonels Captains in the Field are to precede Captains of particular Castles Judges in Towns Corporate where no action is triable above 15. l The first are right Worshipful the second only Worshipful Judges Governours or Lieutenants Generals of Provinces Cities c. are to take place of inferiour Justices Collonels c. These are honourable Orders of Knighthood in England and the Christian World FOr the incouraging of vertuous mindes and generous spirits Princes and Estates thought good to erect several orders of Knighthood here in England are onely these viz. 1. Knights of the Garter or St. George whose Ensign is Argent a plain Cross gules This Order was instituted by Edward the Third after a return from the Wars against the French and Scots with victory but others affirm it was from the Kings wearing the Countess of Satisburyes Garter which caused jealousie in the Queen whereupon the Motto is risen Honi soit qui male pense But that fable may probably be risen by the French to abate the honour of the Victory The Patron of this Order is St. George the Sovereign the King the number 26. The Officers Bishop of Winchester a Chancelor Register a King at Arms called Garter and an Usher called the Black Rod. Knight of the Bath The Creation of the Knight of the Bath is with much Ceremony Sir William Seager fully declares it in his Book The Title is very ancient for Sir Albane a Brittain was at Rome by Dioclesian the Emperour made Knight of the Bath They are distinguished by wearing a red Ribband cross the left shoulder as the Knights of the Garter are by wearing a blue one Knights of the Round Table This Order was most noble in the world heretofore it was erected here in England by King Arthur their place of convention was at Winchester where they had their round Table at the Feast of Pentecost But others are of opinion it was at Windsor which wabuilt by King Arthur They remain at Wind for Orders of Knighthood in Forreign Parts Knight of the Toizon or Golden Fleece THis Order was instituted by Philip Duke of Burgundy Anno 1429. Being moved thereunto with a zeal he had to conquer the Holy Land He elected for Patron St. Andrew Knights of St. Michael This Order was erected by Lewis the 11th French King 1469. The reason that moved him to this Order as is reported was the memory of an apparition of St. Michael upon the Bridge of Orleance when it was besieged by the English Knights of the Annuntiation This order was about the same time also begun by Amedo Count of Savoy in memory of Amedo the first Earl who valourously defended the Island of the Roads against the Turks and won the Armes from them which is now borne by the Dukes of Savoy viz. gu a Cross Argent Knights of St. Elprit This Order was instituted by Henry the third King of France and Poland Anno 1578. Because on that day which is Penticost the Polands and Lutivanians elected him for their King Knights Templers This Order was first set out on foot in the Year 1117. By nine Gentlemen who happened to meet in the holy Land Their first imployment was to secure the way for Pilgrims against Robbers but afterwards they grew potent all the world over Knights of St. James It was erected in Spain Anno 1030. By certain Spanish Gentlemen that fled to the Mountains when the Arabians had well near conquered that Nation who not induring to live under that barbarous government associated and in time relieved their Nation Knights of St. John of Jerusalem now called Knights of Malta It was erected first at Jerusalem somewhat before the Christians conquered Jerusalem they had leave of Sarazens to build them a house near the Sepulchre of Christ calling it St. John Baptist The great Master Reynoldus commanded all Knights of this Order where-ever dispersed Their first atchievement was the conquering of the Island of Roads which afterwards being lost they since have remained in the Island Malia Knights of Calatrava This Order was begun Anno 1130 in imitation of the Order of St. Jago they were so named of the Province where they were made and settled where was the Chief Church of the Templers who being not of power sufficient to resist the Sarazens were forced to give place to these Knights Their founder was Don Santio King of Toledo Knights of the Band. This Order was first erected by Alphouso King of Spain 1268. The reason that moved the King to name them Knights of the Band was he commanded every man of the Order to wear a red Scarf Knights of the Order of Alcantara These Knights lived in effect under the Order of Calatrava they wear a green Cross near unto the City of Alcantara they have a Church of great beauty Knights of Montelio These Knights do wear a red Cross Their Order began near about the time that the Knights of Calatrava took beginning They live in Valentia Knights of Redemption These Knights were erected in the Kingdom of Aragon by King James who conquered the Islands Mojorca in the year 1212. Their Office is to redeem Prisoners The chief Governour remains at Barcellona Knights Teutonici The beginner of this Knighthood was a certain Allmaine who after the taking of Jerusalem by the Christians remained there and kept a liberal house for Pilgrims at last they entred into association they wore a black Cross voided with a cross patonce None were to be of the order but those of the Dutch Nation At length Jerusalem being taken by the Sarazens they returned to Germany where their Order was confirmed by the Emperor Knights of St. Mary In Pope Urbane the 4th's time certain Gentlemen of Bolognia and Modona desired of the Pope leave to erect a new Order of Religious Knighthood which for money they obtained Knights of St. Lazero These Knights do plead great antiquity as that they lived in the time of St. Basil The Emperor Barbarosa gave them great possessions The Order was well near extinct till of late Pius Quartus the Pope did revive it and made a noble Gentleman of Millan their great Master They wear a green Cross Knights of St. Stephano In the year 1561 Cosmo Duke of Florence living in peaceable estate erected this order They wear a red Cross bordered with Gold Degrees of Gentlemen THe Civil Law has formerly been so severe in preserving this distinction that the Gentile or Noble were prohibited to marry with the Ungentile or ignoble Who are Gentlemen 1. He is a Gentleman which is one of Ancestry for certainly the honour atchieved by the Ancestor lives in his Family as his which ought to oblige them with care to keep that tenderly which there predecessors got so difficultly 2. A Gentleman of Coat Armour and not of Blood being made a Gentleman by a Badge from the King of Coat Armour 3. A Gentleman by atchievement in lawful wars
proclaimed by the King in matters of Religion or for the Kingdoms good which is the best A Gentleman In the Saxon language they were called Aedels which signifieth Elder or Chief but we have since from the French Borrowed the Roman word Gentilehome which imports men of Nations The word Gentiles was given to the Northern people during the Government of the Romans over them they then taking it to be a glory to them though otherwise meant by the Romans The priviledges that belongs to a Gentleman Read Sir Will. Seager For the Helmets that belongs to each degree of Gentlemen Look on Guillianus And for their Crowns See Carter Their degrees in England are divided viz. 1. An Esquire 2. A Knight 3. A Baron These three are esteemed noble besides there are five which are excellent to whom belongs Crowns and Coronets as 1. A Viscount 2. An Earle 3. A Marquess 4. A Duke 5. A Prince Our gracious King Charles the Second has allowed Crowns to Barons In Latine he is called Scutiger of these each Knight in times past had two to attend him in Wars and to bear his Helmet and Shield before him forasmuch as they did hold certain Lands of him in Scutage as the Knight did hold of the King by Military service This title came not in honorary amongst us till the Reign of Richard the Second though the Title as to the Office is far more ancient The ancient Saxon word is Scyldknappa which is a Shield Serviture Degrees of an Esquire 1. There is an Esquire by Birth as the eldest Son of a Knight and his eldest Sonne successively 2. By Creation to whom belongs the silver Spurs whence they are called white Spurs 3. By Office as Serjeants at Law Sheriffs c. But to them the Title dyes with them A Knight Batchelor The word Knight cometh from the Saxon word Cnight which signifieth puer or servus The French calls them Chaveleers the German Rutter both of riding or lusty young men Since the Conquest those that held Estates to serve on horse-back in the Wars are by the Lawyers stiled Milites Coming to be a reward and degree of Honour is thought to be in imitation of the Equestres Order in Rome The first using of Ceremonies at the creating a Knight was done by King Alfred Knighting his Grand-son Ethelston after it grew more precise and customary Knights Titles 1. Knight Bannoret 2. Knight Baronet A Knight Bannoret This was anciently an Order in France At his Creation he is led to the King or General with his Penon of Arms in his hand and there the Herauld declares his merit and the King or General causeth the point of his Penon to be rent off and he returns with Trumpet sounding Under the degree of a Knight Bannoret Supporters may not be born A Knight Barronet This Title was erected by King James for the propagation of a Plantation in Ulster in Ireland It is hereditary they are to take place before all Knights Batchelors or Knight of the Bath Their Augmentation is on a Canton Argent a Senister â—and couped gules A Baron This word is variously interpreted as from the word Baria which signifies grave authority or Baro which in Latine is the same with Vir which imports force The Danes were the first which brought in the use of this word The Saxons called the next to the King Thane as Thane of such a Castle Town c. A Viscount The word in Latine is Vice Comes which is interpreted from the Office of the person he is one to whom an Earle or his Lord committeth his Towns or Government of a Castle The title is derived from the same Order in France where they were onely substitutes to Earles till getting in power got also to have the power honorary and hereditary It is the same word which is for our Sheriff and began with us not till about the 18. of Henry the Sixth who then created John Lord Beamont Viscount by Letter Patent An Earle An Earle or Count is called Comes The reason for that denomination is uncertain The word Earle we had from the Danes from the word Earlick which signifieth honourable They were stiled Ealdermen till Cannius time the Dane Their Dignity and power heretofore was far more large then now Selden is of opinion they are in Latine called Comes of the society the King has with them A Marquess This word was first used to Earles and Barons that were Lord Marches or Lords of Fronteers and came afterwards into a Title of special Dignity above an Earle The title began in the time of Richard the Second The French and Germans prefer an Earle before a Marquess which is preposterous A Duke The word at first was a title of Office afterwards honorary and since hereditary The word comes à Ducendo from leading forch an Army Royal The Saxons called them Hertshog The first we finde in England was Edward the Black Prince A Prince In the Saxons time they were called Clitons from Klutos in Greek which is illustrious The first that was created in England was Edward the eldest Son of Henry the 3d. There are degrees of Nobility as of Nations and Cities For the Ceremonies at the Creating of the aforesaid Gentlemen read Sir William Seager and Fern. And for their priviledges read likewise Seager and Selden Ancient form of Government 'T Is upon good grounds concluded that the ancient Form of Government was viz. Under the King was substituted ten Dukes under one Arch-Bishop ten Bishops under one Duke ten Earles under an Earle ten Barons under a Baron ten Chatellanes or Constables unto whom was committed the keeping of some Castle or Fort under every Constable fifty men Significations of Charges and Devises in Coats A Helmet signifies Direction and Command A side-long Helmet denotes Attention and Obedience A Helmet full forward and open fac'd betokeneth Authority Direction and Command A Cross it was first bestowed on such as had performed or at least undertaken some service for Christ or Christian profession A Chief signifies a Senator or honourable Man A Pale denotes the first bearer to have deserved well by some Stratagem of Mining A Bend it signifies the bearer to have been one of the first which mounted upon the enemies wall Escutcheon 't is ancient bearing Burley in the time of Richard the Second bore an Eschutcheon A Cheveron it betokeneth to the bearer the atchieving of some business of moment or the finishing of some chargeable or memorable work Saltire befits rich and covetous people such as would not willingly go from their substance A Bar may be implied to him whose invention industry and labour has so fenced or forfeited the Camp City or Fort that the Enemies thereby receiveth a damage A Mascle In Armory it signifieth the Bearer thereof in a Field Gules to have been most prudent and politick in stratagems of War A Hart denotes a man wise and politick that foreseeth his time and stands to his own guard
black Pile A Wedge Purflu A border of Furrs Patonce A Crutch Patte Broad Poâ—x Pitch S. Sable Black Sanguine Of the colour of blood Saltire An instrument to scale Walls Shaporne A Hoad Scarpe A Scarf T. Tenne Red and yellow Torteaux A Cake V. Vert. Green Verday Of Flowers Voider A Looking-glass Versied Turned up-side down An account of several Cities Castles and other notable places when they were built by whom and in what Year before and after Christs Nativity besides things of Antiquity observable London BRute after a long and weary journey with his Trojans arrived in this Island and as the common received opinion is builded London and named it New Troy The first building lay joyning to Thames from the Tower to White Fryers It was first begun to be built in the year before Christ one thousand one hundred and eight York York nine hundred eighty seven years before Christ was builded by Ebrank then King of Brittain and was first named Kairbranck he builded Edenborough Carlisle It was by King Leil in the year before Christ nine hundred and seventeen builded Bath Bath was builded by King Bladud eight hundred sixty three years before Christ the said King had long studied at Athens and brought Philosophers to keep School here in Brittain Leicester That City was builded by King Laire eight hundred forty four years before Christ Billingsgate in London King Belinus four hundred and one year before Christ made it a Haven and called it Billingsgate Grantham It was builded by King Gorbamanus three hundred and three years before Christ Ludgate King Lud seventy years before Christ builded Ludgate and builded much on the west part of London Julius Caesar In the said King Luds reign and fifty four years before Christ he entred this Island Jesus Christ Born Cunobelinus reigned here in Brittain when Christ was born Southampton Was so named in respect of one Hamon a Roman slain and thrown into the Sea there by Aviragus then King of the Brittans forty four years after Christs Nativity Colchester Coilus one hundred twenty four years after Christs Nativity builded it Lucius the first Christian King One hundrrd seventy nine years after Christs Nativity Lucius King here in Brittain became a Christian and was the first Christian King in the world Stonehedge being the great Stones erected on Salisbury Plairs Aurelius Ambrosius King of the Brittans four hundred sixty six years after Christ erected that Monument over the bodies of the Brittish Nobility there slain and buried where they met in a treaty with the Saxons and were massacred traiterously by them University of Oxford Eight hundred seventy two years after Christs Nativity Alfred a Saxon King here ordained common Schools of divers Sciences at Oxford Hertford and Witham in Essex In the year nine hundred Edward sirnamed Senior King of the West Saxons builded Hertford and another Town at Witham in Essex Worcester By means of King Edgars erecting a Monanastery there it became a place of note it was nine hundred fifty nine years after Christ Leeds Castle Creneken a noble man in King William the Conquerors Reign builded that Castle Oxford Castle In the year of Christ one thousand seventy one Robert de Olley a Nobleman that came in with William the Conqueror builded it Durham Castle In the year of Christ one thousand seventy five King William the Conquerour caused that Castle to be built Carlisle Castle and Town The Town was re-builded by King William Rufus after it was destroyed by the Danes he likewise builded the Castle there New Castle upon Tine Was likewise builded by King William Rufus in the year of Christ one thousand ninety one Westminster Hall It was builded by King William Rufus in the year of Christ one thousand ninety nine Bristol Castle and Cardiffe Was builded by Robert Bastard Sonne to Henry the first who likewise builded Cardiffe The Temple in London Hereclius Patriarch of Jerusalem coming to King Henry the Second for aid against the Turks dedicated the Temple then new builded The first Mayor and Sheriffs in London In the year of Christ one thousand one hundred and ninety the Citizens of London obtained to be governed by two Bayliffs or Sheriffs and a Mayor Tower Ditch and the outer Wall of the Tower of London In the Reign of Richard the first William Bishop of Ely builded the said Wall and made the said Ditch Mayors of London Yearly chosen In the Reign of King John and in the year of Christ one thousand two hundred and eight was granted to the Citizens of London by Letters Patents that they should yearly choose a Mayor London Bridge The same year London Bridge was finished of Stone it was before of Timber Chartly and Besten Castles These Castles were builded by Ralph Earle of Chester in King Henry the Third's Reign and in the year of Christ one thousand two hundred and twenty Flint Castle It was built by Edward the First in the year of Christ one thousand two hundred seventy five Guild-Hall in London Was built in the Reign of Henry the fourth and in the year of Christ one thousand four hundred and eleven Sir Thomas Knowles Mayor Newgate in London In the Reign of Henry the sixth the Executors of William Whittington builded Newgate First payment of Custome By a Parliament in the year of Christ one thousand four hundred twenty five and in the Reign of Henry the sixth was granted to the King one shilling a pound of all Merchandize brought in or carried out of England and three shillings of every tun of Wine which was called Tunnage and Poundage Royal Exchange London Was builded by Sir Thomas Gresham in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth University of Cambridge Cambridge as 't is affirmed was first frequented with Philosophers and Astronomers procured from Athens in the Reign of Gurguntius King of Brittain and before the birth of Christ three hundred seventy five years Of other Cities c. Other Cities and Towns now considerable in England not here mentioned had their beginning by means of some Cathedral Monastery or Abbey there built which moved and drew people to inhabit near to it as Salisbury by reason of a Cathedral there built and a Bishoprick there erected came to the perfection as now it is and Exeter in regard of a Monckery anciently being there where now the Cathedral stands people after their being converted to the Christian Religion endeavoured to live and inhabit as near the said Monckery as they could It was walled round by King Athelstane The Castle is of a great antiquity An Alphebetical Table of the principal matters in this Book A. ANcient form of Government pag. 33 The signification of Charges and Devices in Armory pag. 53 B. Of a Baron pag. 30 C. Of the Kings Goronation pag. 3 Of the Kings Crown with its twelve Stones pag. 1 Significations of Charges and Devices in Coats pag. 33 D. Of Doctors pag. 10 Of a Duke pag. 32 Price of Diamonds pag. 54 E. Degrees of an Esquire pag. 28 Of an Earle pag. 31 England first inhabited by whom how and why named its Government pag. 46 Of the Kings Ensigns pag. 3 F. A Royal Feast the King present pag. 5 Funerals and rules to be observed therein pag. 43 Earlâ— Marshals Orders and Funeral Fees pag. 44 Proceedings of the Funeral of a Gentleman pag. 45 Proceedings from a Baron to a Dukes Funeral ib. G. Going to the Parliament in State pag. 6 Who are to be admitted Gentlemen pag. 8 How Gentlemen are to take place pag. 16 Of a Gentleman pag. 27 Who are Gentlemen pag. 26 Prices of Gold pag. 53 H. The Heraulds duty pag. 48 Explanation of difficult words in Herauldry pag. 54 K. Of Knights Batchelors pag. 29 Knights Titles ibid. Knights Bannorets ibid. Knights Barronets pag. 36 Orders of Knighthood in England pag. 19 Orders of Knighthood in Forreign parts pag. 21 M. Of a Marquess pag. 32 O. Officers of State how to take place pag. 15 P. Professions not Gentlemen pag. 10 Seven more laudable ibid. Precedency of Kings and Kingdoms pag. 14 Taking of place from a slave to a Baron pag. 17 Of a Prince pag. 32 The price of Pearles pag. 53 S. Seven Sciences Gentile with the Arms they may bear pag. 11 Sirnames agreeing with charges in Coat Armor pag. 50 Nine precious Stones used in blazoning for Nobility and their vertues pag. 51 V. Of a Viscount pag. 31 An account of several Cities Castles and other noteable places when they were built and by whom besides many things of Antiquity observeable pag. 58 FINIS