and_o so_o not_o have_v their_o judgement_n clear_a they_o be_v deceive_v and_o bring_v to_o inconvenience_n which_o guiceiardin_n do_v observe_v in_o peter_n de_fw-fr medici_n seek_v council_n and_o advice_n from_o the_o venetian_n who_o endeavour_v therein_o to_o serve_v their_o own_o end_n also_o the_o council_n of_o ludovick_n sforce_o may_v be_v observe_v whereby_o he_o move_v the_o french_a king_n to_o undertake_v that_o neopolitan_a expedition_n against_o the_o arragon_n great_a judgement_n therefore_o be_v needful_a not_o only_o in_o choose_v councillor_n whether_o they_o be_v so_o qualify_v as_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o former_o whether_o they_o have_v bear_v any_o public_a charge_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v show_v diligence_n and_o fidelity_n in_o the_o administration_n thereof_o whether_o they_o be_v the_o head_n of_o any_o faction_n leave_v under_o pretence_n of_o justice_n they_o revenge_v private_a quarrel_n with_o public_a arm_n but_o also_o in_o follow_v council_n it_o be_v the_o great_a prudence_n in_o humane_a life_n say_v aristotle_n to_o make_v good_a use_n of_o advice_n the_o word_n of_o mutianus_n to_o vespasian_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 2._o observe_v tacitus_n lib._n 2._o whosoever_o enter_v into_o deliberation_n of_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n aught_o to_o examine_v whether_o what_o be_v begin_v be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n honourable_a or_o feisible_a he_o also_o who_o counsel_n must_v be_v consider_v whether_o he_o add_v his_o own_o danger_n to_o his_o advice_n or_o to_o who_o the_o chief_a praise_n redound_v let_v he_o therefore_o who_o be_v to_o consult_v consider_v diligent_o whether_o what_o be_v consult_v concern_v the_o councillor_n direct_o for_o all_o counsel_n in_o a_o man_n own_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v suspect_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v honest_a or_o lawful_a for_o if_o it_o deviate_v from_o honesty_n it_o be_v bad_a whether_o it_o do_v principal_o regard_v the_o public_a good_a or_o private_a profit_n let_v he_o hear_v patient_o what_o be_v speak_v by_o contrary_a party_n and_o disagree_v opinion_n and_o observe_v with_o what_o reason_n and_o argument_n they_o be_v confirm_v if_o the_o business_n seem_v difficult_a let_v he_o deliberate_v better_o or_o defer_v it_o to_o another_o time_n there_o be_v no_o great_a enemy_n to_o consultation_n say_v livius_n than_o too_o much_o haste_n too_o late_a and_o unprofitable_a repentance_n do_v follow_v such_o counsel_n therefore_o the_o author_n of_o the_o utopian_a commonwealth_n say_v that_o nothing_o be_v dispute_v there_o magistra_fw-la there_o sir_n tho._n more_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la magistra_fw-la the_o same_o day_n it_o be_v propound_v in_o the_o council_n but_o defer_v till_o the_o next_o council-day_n lest_o any_o shall_v babble_v out_o what_o come_v first_o in_o his_o mouth_n but_o that_o he_o may_v 〈◊〉_d leisure_n excogitate_v with_o what_o argument_n he_o may_v defend_v his_o opinion_n lest_o through_o a_o perverse_a and_o preposterous_a shame_n he_o shall_v rather_o destroy_v the_o public_a safety_n than_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o own_o ability_n by_o his_o precipitate_v rather_o than_o considerate_a opinion_n this_o precept_n or_o advice_n seem_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o emperor_n severus_n who_o after_o the_o business_n propose_v do_v give_v time_n to_o his_o councillor_n to_o deliberate_v with_o themselves_o touch_v all_o particular_n and_o circumstance_n lest_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v force_v to_o speak_v of_o great_a affair_n without_o mature_a deliberation_n which_o have_v also_o be_v the_o destruction_n of_o many_o who_o despise_v slow_a yet_o secure_a counsel_n do_v embrace_v contrary_a one_o annal_n one_o tac._n lib._n 2._o annal_n laurentius_n medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n do_v vary_v when_o he_o consult_v his_o friend_n who_o fidelity_n or_o constancy_n he_o suspect_v who_o he_o resolve_v to_o admit_v into_o his_o consultation_n he_o do_v consult_v they_o not_o together_o but_o several_o so_o when_o he_o find_v many_o opinion_n to_o agree_v in_o one_o he_o think_v that_o the_o best_a it_o be_v requisite_a also_o for_o a_o prince_n to_o know_v every_o thing_n do_v relate_v to_o the_o state_n in_o his_o dominion_n leave_v he_o be_v deceive_v by_o bad_a councillor_n but_o he_o must_v take_v heed_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o he_o give_v not_o too_o much_o credit_n to_o malicious_a detractor_n and_o tale-bearer_n for_o mere_a lie_n and_o calumny_n be_v often_o buz_v in_o the_o prince_n ear_n thereby_o from_o whence_o do_v proceed_v the_o danger_n yea_o destruction_n of_o the_o innocent_a it_o be_v observe_v by_o wiseman_n that_o such_o person_n be_v never_o faithful_a say_v tacitus_n a_o tacitus_n lib._n 4._o a_o they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n find_v out_o for_o public_a destruction_n a_o prince_n shall_v suffer_v his_o councillor_n to_o give_v their_o opinion_n free_o so_o as_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o they_o be_v join_v among_o themselves_o by_o mutual_a concord_n faction_n among_o statesman_n be_v ever_o fatal_a the_o pertinacy_n of_o private_a hatred_n say_v tacitus_n hest_n tacitus_n lib._n 1._o hest_n do_v often_o draw_v on_o public_a destruction_n and_o in_o another_o place_n annal_n place_n lib._n 5_o annal_n the_o hatred_n of_o the_o consul_n tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n those_o great_a man_n have_v many_o follower_n to_o who_o they_o easy_o join_v themselves_o by_o who_o help_n they_o exercise_v their_o hatred_n to_o the_o undo_n of_o many_o and_o sometime_o of_o their_o prince_n and_o country_n to_o boot_v i_o add_v also_o that_o prince_n shall_v choose_v councillor_n not_o through_o recommendation_n and_o friendship_n but_o such_o as_o he_o know_v well-qualified_a and_o able_a for_o such_o employment_n and_o final_o a_o prince_n ought_v not_o to_o discard_v or_o turn_v off_o without_o great_a cause_n the_o good_a and_o faithful_a councillor_n of_o his_o predecessor_n from_o who_o he_o may_v learn_v much_o very_o profitable_a to_o good_a government_n lovis_z the_o eleven_o king_n of_o france_n advise_v his_o son_n charles_n not_o to_o innovate_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o retain_v his_o ancient_a favourite_n and_o servant_n for_o he_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o his_o banish_n from_o the_o court_n man_n of_o approve_a virtue_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n that_o he_o have_v fall_v into_o so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a danger_n and_o of_o the_o war_n and_o manifold_a conspiracy_n which_o do_v soon_o after_o break_v forth_o chap._n v._o of_o affair_n deliberate_v in_o council_n we_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o person_n in_o a_o council_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v something_o of_o affair_n and_o debate_n deliberate_v therein_o such_o only_a be_v to_o be_v agitate_a in_o this_o great_a consistory_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o to_o the_o state_n itself_o as_o those_o of_o religion_n and_o of_o the_o law_n and_o magistrate_n peace_n and_o war_n of_o public_a fidelity_n of_o keep_v the_o public_a peace_n of_o enter_v into_o league_n and_o defend_v the_o same_o of_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o grandee_n of_o the_o negligence_n of_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n of_o the_o secret_n of_o embassy_n and_o the_o like_a 1._o like_a bod._n lib._n 3._o c._n 1._o for_o the_o council_n of_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v busy_v with_o grand_a affair_n and_o not_o with_o trivial_a matter_n or_o the_o small_a controversy_n of_o private_a person_n whoso_o assemble_v a_o council_n of_o great_a and_o learned_a man_n for_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o apion_n who_o have_v call_v homer_n from_o the_o dead_a do_v only_o inquire_v who_o be_v his_o parent_n but_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o know_v where_o other_o business_n shall_v be_v handle_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o revenue_n and_o treasury_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o the_o punishment_n of_o delinquent_n and_o the_o like_a i_o answer_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o council_n appoint_v dissering_a in_o office_n business_n and_o minister_n the_o spaniard_n have_v seven_o separate_v by_o so_o many_o court_n within_o the_o king_n palace_n that_o he_o may_v easy_o go_v to_o any_o as_o affair_n call_v he_o the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o public_a treasure_n and_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o what_o be_v import_v and_o export_v of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o spoil_n of_o enemy_n of_o merchandise_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o be_v the_o court_n military_a which_o be_v employ_v about_o the_o fortification_n of_o town_n the_o custody_n of_o border_a place_n the_o provision_n for_o camp_n and_o army_n and_o the_o like_a the_o three_o be_v for_o the_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o have_v a_o care_n that_o so_o much_o abound_v
the_o glory_n of_o his_o martial_a fortitude_n but_o that_o he_o have_v homer_n for_o a_o publisher_n of_o his_o praise_n the_o author_n also_o in_o his_o true_a courtier_n wherein_o he_o represent_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o prince_n require_v letter_n to_o go_v hand_n in_o hand_n as_o inseparable_a companion_n the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o three_o use_v to_o say_v that_o he_o can_v in_o one_o hour_n make_v many_o soldier_n but_o that_o in_o his_o whole_a life_n he_o can_v never_o make_v a_o politician_n caesar_n say_v heliodor_n can_v give_v riches_n and_o honour_n but_o he_o can_v make_v a_o orator_n sect_n ii_o learning_n have_v by_o many_o be_v slight_v and_o by_o as_o many_o esteem_v but_o letter_n have_v have_v powerful_a adversary_n and_o what_o be_v good_a please_v but_o few_o the_o emperor_n licinus_n call_v they_o a_o public_a plague_n valerianus_n be_v also_o a_o great_a enemy_n to_o learning_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o nero_n mother_n divert_v he_o from_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n luis_n the_o eleven_o king_n of_o france_n will_v not_o have_v his_o son_n charles_n the_o eight_o instruct_v in_o letter_n and_o liberal_a science_n and_o the_o father_n of_o eberhart_n count_n of_o wittenberg_n do_v upon_o his_o deathbed_n bind_v his_o councillor_n by_o a_o oath_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o permit_v his_o son_n to_o learn_v the_o latin_a tongue_n how_o much_o more_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a though_o most_o desirous_a of_o military_a glory_n to_o be_v esteem_v for_o write_v to_o his_o master_n aristotle_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o it_o be_v his_o desire_n rather_o to_o excel_v in_o knowledge_n than_o in_o arms._n that_o mirror_n of_o prince_n alphonsus_n king_n of_o arragon_n do_v prudent_o affirm_v that_o he_o will_v rather_o lose_v his_o kingdom_n than_o be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o learning_n with_o which_o he_o be_v endue_v the_o emperor_n leo_n and_o his_o son_n constantine_n desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o to_o advance_v learning_n and_o their_o successor_n to_o their_o empire_n and_o virtue_n do_v give_v admirable_a respect_n to_o learned_a man_n say_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o be_v famous_a by_o his_o learning_n than_o by_o his_o empire_n as_o baptista_n egnatius_n relate_v in_o the_o live_v of_o the_o caesar_n jovius_n in_o his_o eulogy_n of_o martial_a hero_n observe_v the_o say_n of_o mathias_n king_n of_o hungaria_n that_o a_o king_n can_v not_o be_v famous_a in_o war_n unless_o fortify_v with_o learning_n he_o know_v the_o manner_n of_o war-fare_a of_o every_o age_n and_o the_o very_a stratagem_n of_o the_o ancient_n draw_v out_o of_o history_n see_v those_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o war_n can_v be_v understand_v but_o by_o long_a experience_n which_o can_v easy_o be_v comprehend_v by_o read_v the_o example_n of_o antiquity_n therefore_o many_o prince_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o difficult_a affair_n have_v too_o late_o bewail_v that_o they_o do_v not_o in_o their_o youth_n apply_v themselves_o to_o learning_n insomuch_o that_o some_o in_o more_o mature_a year_n have_v not_o be_v ashamed_a to_o learn_v the_o latin_a tongue_n as_o do_v that_o noble_a elector_n of_o saxony_n for_o learning_n be_v the_o nerve_n and_o artery_n of_o good_a government_n and_o the_o ornament_n of_o civil_a life_n for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v despair_n or_o constraint_n make_v a_o soldier_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o last_o refuge_n of_o hope-despairing_a man_n we_o see_v many_o accustom_v to_o unhonest_a action_n go_v to_o the_o war_n but_o few_o return_n with_o honour_n or_o riches_n final_o such_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o condition_n of_o affair_n that_o more_o be_v lose_v than_o acquire_v in_o war_n wherein_o wholesome_a counsel_n seldom_o find_v acceptance_n nor_o be_v it_o tolerable_a to_o err_v twice_o and_o wherein_o according_a to_o julius_n caesar_n fortune_n show_v her_o unconstancy_n most_o but_o she_o have_v not_o so_o much_o power_n over_o learned_a man_n for_o where_o ever_o they_o go_v they_o carry_v all_o along_o with_o they_o and_o even_o in_o shipwreck_n they_o lose_v not_o any_o thing_n when_o soldier_n be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a fear_n of_o lose_v all_o sect_n iii_o show_v some_o noble_a soul_n to_o be_v tam_fw-la marte_fw-la quam_fw-la mercuria_n but_o some_o man_n do_v argue_v that_o there_o be_v many_o soldier_n who_o with_o great_a honour_n have_v join_v martial_a prowess_n and_o learning_n together_o therefore_o that_o learned_a man_n only_o be_v to_o be_v postponed_a to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o many_o have_v endeavour_v but_o few_o obtain_v that_o honour_n for_o nature_n according_a to_o plato_n produce_v man_n regular_o qualify_v for_o one_o art_n or_o science_n only_o and_o make_v haste_n to_o two_o so_o different_a she_o perfect_v neither_o well_o among_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n pericles_n xenophon_n and_o thucydides_n among_o the_o roman_n julius_n caesar_n lucullus_z and_o cato_n be_v eminent_a in_o both_o and_o vellius_n paterculus_n in_o his_o second_o volume_n of_o the_o roman_a story_n write_v after_o this_o manner_n of_o drusus_n claudius_n who_o die_v in_o germany_n that_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o his_o genius_n be_v more_o fit_a for_o martial_a than_o civil_a affair_n but_o common_o without_o perpetual_a exercise_n to_o which_o the_o short_a life_n of_o man_n can_v hardly_o be_v sufficient_a a_o perfect_a soldier_n i._n e._n a_o great_a captain_n and_o a_o excellent_a gown-man_n able_a to_o govern_v the_o helm_n of_o affair_n for_o we_o speak_v as_o well_o of_o knowledge_n as_o of_o experience_n can_v hardly_o be_v find_v in_o one_o individual_a if_o any_o attain_n to_o this_o heroic_a excellency_n as_o antonius_n duprato_n great_a chancellor_n to_o francis_n the_o first_o king_n of_o france_n by_o who_o valour_n the_o suetzer_n be_v overthrow_v in_o a_o great_a battle_n or_o mathaeus_n cardinal_n of_o sedun_n who_o a_o little_a before_o overcome_v the_o army_n of_o lewis_n the_o eleven_o in_o italy_n or_o if_o any_o for_o the_o future_a shall_v be_v famous_a for_o both_o those_o noble_a and_o glorious_a quality_n and_o thereby_o shall_v be_v useful_a to_o their_o country_n in_o equity_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v rank_v above_o the_o degree_n of_o either_o ordinary_a captain_n or_o gownsman_n perseus_n the_o son_n of_o jupiter_n have_v end_v the_o war_n in_o mauritania_n with_o happy_a success_n and_o obtain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o argive_n in_o the_o end_n erect_v a_o public_a school_n in_o helecon_n and_o be_v himself_o famous_a for_o his_o learning_n for_o which_o cause_v the_o poet_n feign_v that_o he_o be_v place_v among_o the_o star_n sect_n iv_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o controversy_n have_v refute_v therefore_o that_o objection_n it_o seem_v to_o give_v the_o precedency_n to_o learning_n because_o soldier_n be_v but_o the_o executioner_n of_o learned_a gown_n man_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n say_v that_o soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v defender_n not_o lord_n and_o master_n now_o though_o it_o be_v not_o our_o intention_n to_o determine_v positive_o in_o so_o difficult_a a_o matter_n yet_o we_o will_v conclude_v by_o a_o threefold_a distinction_n for_o thereby_o be_v contrariety_n ofttimes_o accord_v if_o i_o find_v a_o guide_n say_v socrates_n who_o know_v how_o to_o distinguish_v aright_o i_o will_v follow_v his_o footstep_n as_o those_o of_o some_o deity_n the_o first_o distinction_n be_v that_o man_n must_v regard_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n and_z according_o either_o soldier_n or_o learned_a man_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v for_o custom_n and_o use_n be_v of_o no_o contemptible_a authority_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v continue_v with_o public_a consent_n the_o other_o distinction_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o time_n for_o sometime_o learned_a man_n sometime_o soldier_n be_v in_o the_o great_a esteem_n that_o vulgar_a say_n do_v agree_v to_o this_o distingue_n tempora_fw-la &_o quadrabit_fw-la scriptura_fw-la three_o act_n be_v diligent_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o a_o gown-man_n in_o any_o act_n agree_v to_o his_o call_v be_v without_o doubt_n to_o be_v prefer_v as_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o soldier_n in_o military_a action_n have_v the_o precedency_n isocrates_n write_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o mytilene_n advise_v they_o to_o give_v the_o next_o honour_n to_o themselves_o to_o learned_a man_n but_o this_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o military_a dignity_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n for_o it_o comprehend_v knight_n baron_n earl_n marquess_n duke_n and_o the_o very_a emperor_n or_o king_n himself_o whereby_o a_o certain_a rule_n for_o this_o pre-eminency_n can_v the_o less_o be_v give_v for_o it_o vary_v daily_o according_a to_o age_n office_n or_o employment_n favour_n dignity_n time_n place_n act_n custom_n will_n pleasure_n and_o inclination_n which_o nevertheless_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v
upon_o any_o good_a emergent_a cause_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o change_v for_o the_o better_a than_o insist_v in_o what_o be_v bad_o begin_v neither_o need_v he_o fear_v the_o blame_n of_o levity_n for_o no_o learned_a man_n say_v cicero_n will_v call_v that_o unconstancy_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v that_o a_o constant_a obstinate_a perseverance_n in_o one_o opinion_n be_v never_o commendable_a in_o great_a statesman_n sect_n iv_o of_o his_o temperance_n how_o necessary_a a_o virtue_n this_o be_v will_v appear_v from_o the_o advantage_n and_o benefit_n acquire_v by_o the_o due_a observance_n of_o it_o for_o she_o alone_o like_o a_o skilful_a pilot_n keep_v we_o steady_a in_o the_o tempestuous_a occurrence_n of_o weighty_a matter_n and_o make_v every_o faculty_n of_o our_o soul_n officious_a in_o their_o subserviency_n to_o reason_n without_o which_o the_o soul_n as_o a_o bark_n becalm_v at_o sea_n suffer_v a_o vertigo_n by_o the_o sudden_a stop_n of_o her_o progress_n and_o have_v lose_v her_o rudder_n roll_v too_o and_o fro_o in_o a_o in_o a_o fantastic_a motion_n till_o she_o become_v drink_v with_o the_o agitation_n which_o have_v lull_v her_o function_n asleep_a in_o vicious_a stupidity_n and_o make_v she_o whole_o useless_a how_o difficult_a a_o virtue_n this_o be_v may_v be_v collect_v from_o so_o numerous_a a_o variety_n of_o object_n of_o repugnant_a nature_n both_o exterior_a and_o interior_a which_o continual_o invade_v the_o sensual_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o embrace_v they_o afford_v indeed_o such_o strong_a temptation_n as_o no_o intermission_n can_v well_o afford_v he_o time_n to_o deliberate_v on_o the_o refusal_n we_o will_v advise_v therefore_o our_o councillor_n in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o shun_v envy_n and_o ambition_n as_o more_o especial_o coincident_a to_o the_o corruption_n of_o his_o ministry_n for_o such_o infect_a with_o those_o two_o vice_n can_v but_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o their_o own_o end_n than_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o good_a of_o their_o country_n and_o be_v ofttimes_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o own_o and_o country_n destruction_n of_o which_o history_n furnish_v we_o with_o almost_o innumerable_a example_n in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o belong_v also_o to_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o councillor_n to_o shun_v avarice_n and_o study_n liberality_n as_o avarice_n be_v the_o root_n of_o all_o evil_a so_o charity_n and_o beneficence_n be_v the_o root_n of_o all_o good_a you_o shall_v do_v a_o great_a good_a say_v sallust_n to_o your_o country_n yourself_o and_o to_o all_o mankind_n if_o you_o eradicate_v or_o if_o that_o be_v not_o possible_a you_o lessen_v the_o desire_n of_o riches_n for_o where_o that_o take_v possession_n neither_o discipline_n good_a art_n nor_o a_o good_a genius_n have_v any_o force_n and_o a_o little_a after_o but_o avarice_n be_v a_o cruel_a and_o intolerable_a wild_a beast_n which_o destroy_v city_n land_n house_n yea_o and_o the_o very_a temple_n of_o the_o god_n mix_v what_o be_v divine_a with_o humane_a and_o neither_o arm_n nor_o wall_n do_v hinder_v it_o from_o penetrate_a marcus_n crassus_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a most_o eloquent_a most_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n be_v chief-priest_n and_o the_o rich_a of_o all_o the_o roman_n next_o to_o sylla_n but_o insatiable_a avarice_n do_v obscure_v those_o virtue_n if_o the_o desire_n of_o private_a gain_n say_v demosthenes_n do_v not_o obstruct_v the_o public_a good_a it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n tolerable_a for_o councillor_n to_o be_v rich_a but_o because_o we_o see_v for_o the_o most_o part_n how_o much_o a_o minister_n of_o state_n increase_v in_o riches_n so_o much_o be_v the_o commonwealth_n depauperate_v let_v a_o councillor_n therefore_o beware_v of_o too_o much_o desire_n of_o gain_n for_o his_o too_o weighty_a coffer_n be_v often_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o own_o destruction_n let_v he_o also_o shun_v prodigality_n as_o much_o as_o avarice_n make_v use_n of_o such_o councillor_n say_v basilius_n 〈◊〉_d basilius_n king_n james_n to_o his_o sonnc_a prince_n henry_n in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o have_v govern_v their_o own_o estate_n well_o for_o how_o can_v one_o trust_v another_o with_o his_o estate_n who_o never_o know_v to_o manage_v his_o own_o aright_o great_a circum_fw-la spection_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o liberality_n say_v cicero_n our_o riches_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o close_o shut_v up_o that_o benignity_n can_v open_v they_o nor_o always_o so_o unlock_v as_o to_o be_v open_a upon_o every_o occasion_n to_o all_o sect_n i._o of_o his_o courteous_a and_o affable_a deportment_n but_o meekness_n courtesy_n piety_n benevolence_n towards_o our_o neighbour_n and_o hospitality_n be_v the_o concomitant_n of_o liberality_n let_v therefore_o a_o councillor_n be_v of_o easy_a access_n let_v he_o encourage_v the_o bashful_a and_o timorous_a let_v he_o hear_v stranger_n with_o patience_n and_o civility_n and_o let_v not_o the_o reasonable_a request_n of_o any_o be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o by_o which_o procedure_v he_o shall_v not_o only_o do_v his_o duty_n but_o also_o obtain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o all_o men._n marcus_n crassus_n be_v much_o commend_v crasso_fw-la commend_v plutar._n in_o crasso_fw-la because_o he_o do_v not_o refuse_v any_o citizen_n at_o any_o time_n his_o patronage_n be_v affable_a and_o civil_a to_o all_o and_o only_o of_o all_o man_n make_v avarice_n popular_a great_a man_n use_v to_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o glory_n above_o measure_n from_o whence_o pride_n and_o the_o contempt_n of_o other_o do_v proceed_v a_o contemn_v spirit_n and_o pride_n say_v sallust_n jugur_n sallust_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la jugur_n be_v the_o common-evils_a of_o the_o nobility_n therefore_o i_o will_v have_v a_o councillor_n think_v frequent_o hist_o frequent_o tacitus_n lib._n 4._o hist_o that_o all_o thing_n belong_v to_o mortal_n be_v unconstant_a and_o that_o the_o more_o he_o have_v obtain_v the_o more_o uncertain_a he_o be_v therein_o that_o modesty_n and_o humility_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v contemn_v by_o the_o great_a of_o man_n and_o that_o god_n be_v a_o lover_n of_o humility_n and_o a_o hater_n of_o pride_n and_o arrogance_n if_o you_o will_v measure_v your_o own_o shadow_n say_v archidamus_n to_o king_n philip_n who_o do_v write_v proud_o and_o arrogant_o to_o he_o after_o his_o victory_n at_o chaeronea_n you_o shall_v not_o find_v it_o one_o hair_n great_a than_o before_o your_o victory_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o prudent_a deportment_n of_o prince_n in_o counsel_n but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v prudent_a council_n unless_o the_o prince_n make_v use_v of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v as_o great_a wisdom_n among_o the_o divers_a counsel_n of_o many_o to_o discern_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n what_o be_v best_a as_o to_o give_v council_n aright_o for_o according_a to_o cicero_n there_o be_v prudence_n require_v as_o well_o in_o take_v as_o in_o give_v council_n it_o come_v often_o to_o pass_v that_o prince_n be_v deceive_v to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o the_o republic_n who_o attribute_n too_o much_o to_o themselves_o and_o their_o own_o opinion_n ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n have_v leave_v alexandria_n upon_o some_o controversy_n caâ—one_n controversy_n plutar._n in_o caâ—one_n with_o his_o subject_n do_v come_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o kingdom_n by_o pompey_n and_o caesar_n have_v consult_v cato_n touch_v this_o matter_n he_o be_v free_o and_o ingenious_o reprehend_v by_o he_o for_o desert_v such_o happiness_n and_o object_v himself_o to_o the_o affront_n bribery_n and_o avarice_n of_o the_o roman_a nobility_n and_o advise_v to_o regain_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o subject_n but_o one_o day_n wait_v long_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o one_o of_o the_o senator_n he_o do_v lament_v his_o inconsiderate_a enterprise_n and_o that_o he_o have_v refuse_v the_o advice_n of_o so_o good_a a_o man._n hannibal_n when_o he_o flee_v to_o king_n antiochus_n do_v advise_v he_o to_o make_v italy_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n which_o he_o neglect_v but_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o roman_n he_o confess_v too_o late_o that_o hannibal_n have_v right_o foresee_v what_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o have_v be_v do_v i_o have_v ofttimes_o hear_v say_v livius_n 36._o livius_n lib._n 36._o that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o man_n who_o counsel_v aright_o that_o he_o be_v the_o next_o who_o can_v accept_v or_o make_v use_n of_o a_o good_a council_n and_o that_o he_o be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o who_o can_v neither_o give_v nor_o receive_v the_o same_o but_o because_o to_o be_v first_o be_v deny_v we_o let_v we_o endeavour_v to_o be_v second_o and_o whilst_o we_o learn_v to_o command_v let_v we_o resolve_v to_o obey_v the_o council_n of_o prudent_a man_n but_o sometime_o prince_n be_v doubtful_a timorous_a and_o as_o caesar_n say_v every_o thing_n fail_v they_o
prince_n be_v not_o in_o itself_o destructive_a but_o to_o those_o who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v the_o same_o man_n can_v be_v cautious_a enough_o say_v curtius_n 4._o curtius_n lib._n 4._o amid_o so_o many_o flattery_n of_o fortune_n intolerable_a ambition_n and_o pride_n make_v hermeas_n hate_v treason_n and_o perfidiousness_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o alius_fw-la sejanus_n destruction_n neither_o ought_v we_o to_o admire_v that_o in_o courtier_n when_o we_o find_v that_o prince_n themselves_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o ruin_v on_o the_o same_o occasion_n quid_fw-la memorem_fw-la eversas_fw-la urbes_fw-la regumque_fw-la ruinas_fw-la inque_fw-la rogo_fw-la craesum_fw-la priamumque_fw-la in_o littore_fw-la truncum_fw-la cui_fw-la nec_fw-la troja_n rogus_fw-la quid_fw-la xerxem_n majus_fw-la et_fw-la ipso_fw-la naufragium_fw-la pelago_fw-la quid_fw-la captos_fw-la agminereges_fw-la of_o ruine_a king_n why_o shall_v i_o mention_v make_v the_o fate_n of_o priam_n croesus_n at_o the_o stake_n how_o xerxes_n great_a from_o as_o great_a shipwreck_n flee_v and_o king_n in_o triumph_n often_o captive_a lead_v on_o the_o contrary_a if_o we_o behold_v those_o who_o from_o a_o low_a birth_n have_v become_v famous_a and_o ponderate_v their_o action_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o have_v be_v eminent_o qualify_v above_o other_o as_o agathocles_n ptolemy_n the_o first_o hieron_n servius_n tullius_n silla_n vespasian_n the_o emperor_n probus_n justin_n ottoman_n and_o many_o more_o who_o although_o of_o obscure_a birth_n do_v notwithstanding_o obtain_v great_a honour_n and_o royal_a dignity_n by_o their_o virtue_n and_o diligence_n great_a tree_n which_o be_v long_o in_o grow_v say_v curtius_n be_v extirpate_v in_o a_o short_a time_n it_o be_v folly_n for_o he_o who_o aim_v at_o their_o fruit_n not_o to_o consider_v their_o height_n beware_v lest_o in_o stiving_z to_o get_v to_o their_o top_n you_o do_v not_o fall_v with_o those_o branch_n you_o catch_v hold_v of_o chap._n i._o of_o his_o education_n therefore_o good_a education_n be_v most_o effectual_a which_o direct_v the_o council_n and_o determination_n of_o man_n life_n to_o the_o exact_a rule_n of_o prudence_n and_o true_a virtue_n by_o which_o nature_n be_v correct_v and_o make_v pliable_a nature_n produce_v youth_n easy_a to_o be_v lead_v either_o way_n so_o that_o when_o it_o find_v a_o guide_n it_o be_v induce_v to_o follow_v either_o his_o vicious_a or_o virtuous_a inclination_n a_o good_a nature_n conduce_v very_o much_o but_o then_o especial_o when_o cultivate_v by_o a_o honest_a education_n he_o must_v therefore_o have_v a_o care_n who_o have_v noble_a and_o high_a design_n to_o be_v instruct_v in_o all_o good_a art_n and_o manner_n not_o to_o accustom_v himself_o to_o delicate_a but_o simple_a food_n not_o to_o idleness_n but_o labour_n not_o to_o riot_n but_o decent_a parsimony_n not_o to_o temerity_n and_o impudence_n but_o modesty_n and_o sweetness_n not_o to_o licentiousness_n but_o fear_n and_o reverence_n not_o to_o pleasure_n but_o to_o the_o liberal_a science_n i_o wish_v say_v quintilian_n that_o we_o do_v not_o so_o abuse_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o child_n that_o tender_a education_n which_o we_o call_v indulgence_n break_v the_o nerve_n of_o both_o body_n and_o mind_n we_o see_v therefore_o plato_n that_o most_o grave_a teacher_n of_o virtue_n in_o almost_o all_o his_o dialogue_n exhort_v parent_n to_o educate_v their_o child_n aright_o though_o this_o principle_n unfold_v many_o object_n necessary_a to_o the_o form_v our_o present_a subject_n yet_o since_o most_o of_o they_o be_v rather_o preparative_n than_o pollishment_n we_o will_v here_o pass_v by_o those_o institution_n that_o be_v usual_o proper_a to_o the_o two_o first_o age_n infancy_n and_o puerility_n and_o take_v our_o courtier_n in_o his_o adolescence_n propose_v only_o in_o reference_n to_o our_o present_a subject_n those_o distinction_n requisite_a to_o his_o employment_n language_n letter_n and_o travel_v but_o because_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o of_o all_o those_o in_o the_o first_o part_n we_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o insist_v thereon_o only_o let_v not_o a_o courtier_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o history_n without_o which_o a_o man_n can_v hardly_o obtain_v the_o name_n of_o a_o grave_n and_o prudent_a person_n as_o a_o old_a man_n be_v esteem_v more_o prudent_a than_o a_o young_a man_n say_v quintilian_n because_o he_o have_v see_v what_o have_v fall_v out_o through_o the_o course_n of_o many_o year_n so_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o he_o be_v the_o most_o prudent_a who_o know_v the_o action_n and_o event_n not_o only_o of_o his_o own_o but_o of_o past_a age_n what_o be_v prudence_n else_o but_o the_o observation_n of_o event_n and_o of_o thing_n present_a and_o future_a draw_v from_o what_o be_v bypass_a history_n be_v the_o mirror_n of_o civil_a life_n where_o hero_n prince_n and_o noble_n who_o be_v appoint_v to_o govern_v aught_o to_o behold_v themselves_o to_o be_v short_a history_n furnish_v we_o not_o only_o with_o example_n of_o civil_a prudence_n but_o also_o with_o those_o of_o military_a virtue_n if_o one_o will_v know_v how_o to_o take_v the_o occasion_n of_o time_n and_o place_n to_o fight_v let_v he_o read_v the_o live_v of_o plutarch_n of_o plutarch_n lysander_n and_o xantippus_n if_o he_o will_v make_v use_n of_o warlike_a stratagem_n let_v he_o imitate_v timotheus_n iphicrates_n and_o hannibal_n if_o be_v victorious_a he_o will_v let_v the_o enemy_n escape_v lest_o despair_n shall_v produce_v boldness_n let_v he_o read_v the_o example_n of_o id._n of_o id._n themistocles_n to_o xerxes_n but_o if_o any_o affirm_v that_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v learn_v by_o read_v only_o let_v he_o propose_v to_o himself_o lucius_n lucullus_n who_o cicero_n write_v at_o his_o departure_n from_o rome_n to_o have_v be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o malitary_a affair_n but_o partly_o by_o enquiry_n partly_o by_o read_v he_o be_v become_v so_o great_a a_o captain_n when_o he_o come_v into_o asia_n that_o mithridates_n do_v confess_v he_o never_o know_v a_o great_a i_o only_o add_v see_v there_o be_v abundance_n of_o historian_n that_o we_o must_v choose_v the_o best_a among_o the_o grecian_n thucydides_n xenophon_n polybius_n plutarch_n and_o nicetas_n be_v famous_a among_o the_o roman_n livy_n tacitus_n sallust_n caesar_n quintus_fw-la curtius_n and_o suetonius_n of_o modern_a historian_n guicciardine_n conestagius_n cominus_fw-la sleidan_n and_o davila_n be_v the_o best_a these_o be_v so_o to_o be_v read_v that_o we_o may_v observe_v not_o only_o what_o be_v do_v but_o upon_o what_o occasion_n what_o way_n when_o and_o in_o what_o state_n of_o affair_n chap._n ii_o of_o his_o sweetness_n and_o integrity_n of_o manner_n in_o general_n for_o brevity_n sake_n which_o hitherto_o i_o have_v great_o affect_v i_o will_v forbear_v to_o speak_v any_o more_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o mind_n comprehend_v in_o learning_n or_o of_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o body_n as_o ride_v fence_a dance_a and_o the_o like_a of_o all_o which_o our_o courtier_n shall_v not_o be_v ignorant_a and_o only_o insist_v though_o succinct_o on_o his_o sweetness_n affability_n and_o manner_n which_o cicero_n call_v the_o ornament_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o which_o procure_v the_o deserve_a love_n and_o admiration_n of_o all_o for_o as_o the_o beauty_n and_o comeliness_n of_o the_o body_n attract_v the_o eye_n of_o man_n so_o a_o sweet_a and_o courteous_a nature_n gain_v the_o heart_n and_o affection_n of_o every_o one_o as_o harsh_a wine_n say_v socrates_n be_v unpleasant_a to_o the_o taste_n so_o be_v rugged_a and_o rustic_a manner_n to_o conversation_n sect_n i._o of_o his_o gate_n speech_n and_o habit._n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o do_v say_v the_o historian_n but_o it_o be_v also_o requisite_a to_o do_v with_o a_o grace_n let_v not_o therefore_o the_o gate_n of_o a_o courtier_n incline_v to_o levity_n or_o vanity_n but_o let_v it_o be_v grave_n without_o affectation_n and_o because_o the_o speech_n be_v the_o character_n of_o the_o mind_n he_o shall_v observe_v a_o decorum_n therein_o of_o person_n time_n and_o place_n that_o he_o may_v speak_v pertinent_o and_o after_o a_o different_a manner_n to_o his_o prince_n equal_n and_o inferior_n for_o this_o elegancy_n in_o speak_v be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o interior_a virtue_n which_o can_v be_v perpetual_a unless_o it_o proceed_v from_o such_o a_o excellent_a inclination_n of_o the_o soul_n much_o can_v be_v feign_v in_o the_o carriage_n countenance_n and_o speech_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o soul_n but_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v of_o any_o long_a continuance_n and_o as_o to_o the_o habit_n let_v every_o thing_n be_v avoid_v that_o may_v therein_o effeminate_a whoso_o have_v too_o great_a a_o care_n of_o his_o body_n say_v a_o divine_a neglect_v his_o soul_n let_v the_o habit_n of_o a_o courtier_n be_v agreeable_a
almost_o the_o destruction_n of_o both_o conqueror_n and_o conquer_a that_o he_o give_v no_o other_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o reader_n but_o the_o simple_a relation_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o let_v ruler_n of_o commonwealth_n learn_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o athenian_n to_o be_v quiet_a so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v with_o honour_n and_o security_n see_v arm_n shall_v be_v take_v up_o to_o defend_v not_o to_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n let_v they_o not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o desire_n of_o enlarge_a their_o command_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o their_o native_a country_n let_v they_o not_o make_v strange_a war_n their_o own_o with_o a_o note_n of_o infamy_n and_o by_o seem_v to_o assist_v their_o friend_n make_v a_o way_n for_o their_o own_o ruin_n if_o there_o do_v any_o controversy_n arise_v among_o their_o friend_n let_v they_o endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v such_o rather_o by_o their_o authority_n and_o council_n than_o by_o aid_v the_o one_o party_n which_o often_o prove_v destructive_a to_o all_o but_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o write_n of_o other_o author_n who_o will_v demonstrate_v that_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v moderate_a and_o to_o use_v that_o power_n over_o their_o subject_n which_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o law_n for_o by_o the_o subject_n alienate_v affection_n no_o power_n can_v long_o endure_v so_o the_o command_n of_o one_o have_v be_v give_v to_o many_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o people_n safety_n of_o glory_n and_o not_o their_o disgrace_n and_o destruction_n such_o and_o the_o like_a one_o may_v easy_o gather_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o lucius_n brutus_n 12._o brutus_n livius_n lib._n 12._o he_o who_o will_v have_v the_o example_n of_o a_o excellent_a prince_n and_o of_o all_o the_o virtue_n which_o adorn_v he_o let_v he_o read_v the_o story_n of_o hieron_n king_n of_o syracuse_n 23.24_o syracuse_n livius_n 23.24_o on_o the_o contrary_n who_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o example_n of_o tyrant_n fall_v headlong_o despise_v all_o man_n and_o every_o thing_n have_v his_o ear_n open_a to_o the_o flattery_n of_o courtier_n and_o shut_v to_o safe_a council_n and_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o miserable_a let_v he_o behold_v the_o sons-in-law_n of_o this_o good_a prince_n if_o any_o desire_n to_o know_v how_o much_o hurt_v a_o woman_n can_v do_v let_v he_o consider_v what_o demarata_n do_v with_o her_o husband_n andronedor_n if_o there_o be_v great_a want_n in_o treasure_n and_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o better_a way_n to_o help_v the_o same_o let_v he_o consult_v marcus_n marcellus_n and_o valerius_n levinus_n who_o advise_v the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n to_o a_o contribution_n but_o so_o as_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o temple_n of_o their_o great_a god_n which_o have_v such_o success_n that_o the_o nobility_n bring_v to_o the_o treasury_n whatever_o gold_n or_o silver_n they_o have_v coin_v and_o uncoyn_v with_o such_o zeal_n to_o exceed_v each_o other_o liberality_n the_o triumvir_n be_v not_o able_a to_o receive_v 26._o receive_v liâ—k_n 26._o nor_o the_o clark_n to_o write_v their_o name_n in_o read_v therefore_o of_o history_n let_v a_o councillor_n not_o only_o observe_v the_o narration_n of_o thing_n do_v and_o their_o several_a circumstance_n but_o also_o the_o council_n act_n and_o event_n wherefore_o that_o be_v do_v and_o this_o omit_v wherefore_o some_o event_n be_v fortunate_a other_o unfortunate_a if_o any_o glorious_a act_n fall_v out_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v through_o chance_n and_o fortune_n or_o through_o virtue_n and_o good_a council_n if_o any_o thing_n fall_v unhappy_o out_o what_o can_v have_v prevent_v it_o whether_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o captain_n in_o the_o bad_a conduct_n of_o his_o army_n in_o the_o order_n of_o it_o in_o his_o encamp_a whereby_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o easy_a retreat_n if_o rout_v and_o if_o victorious_a what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o etc._n etc._n let_v every_o one_o endeavour_n to_o know_v say_v livius_n prefatione_fw-la livius_n in_o prefatione_fw-la what_o be_v the_o life_n and_o manner_n of_o those_o man_n and_o the_o mean_n in_o peace_n and_o in_o war_n whereby_o they_o augment_v their_o dominion_n but_o you_o may_v easy_o know_v by_o contrary_n for_o a_o little_a after_o he_o say_v then_o discipline_n and_o order_n decay_v and_o ambition_n and_o dissension_n creep_v in_o they_o begin_v to_o run_v headlong_o until_o they_o come_v to_o our_o time_n wherein_o we_o can_v neither_o suffer_v our_o own_o vice_n nor_o their_o remedy_n subsect_v 5._o of_o travel_n it_o be_v also_o requisite_a for_o our_o councillor_n to_o see_v divers_a province_n and_o famous_a city_n to_o learn_v the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o many_o nation_n to_o know_v exact_o their_o harbour_n port_n sea_n and_o river_n to_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n and_o conversation_n of_o great_a man_n to_o frequent_v the_o court_n of_o prince_n to_o know_v whether_o those_o province_n which_o he_o have_v see_v be_v well_o fortify_v what_o war_n they_o have_v have_v in_o former_a time_n and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n let_v he_o also_o learn_v the_o power_n of_o neighbour_n prince_n that_o he_o may_v know_v who_o to_o fear_v and_o who_o to_o trust_v with_o who_o to_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n and_o that_o so_o exact_o that_o none_o can_v deceive_v he_o with_o any_o false_a relation_n who_o doubt_v but_o that_o one_o so_o travel_v converse_v so_o long_o in_o the_o court_n of_o prince_n and_o frequent_v the_o company_n of_o the_o nobility_n eminent_a for_o their_o virtue_n be_v a_o more_o able_a councillor_n than_o one_o who_o sit_v at_o home_n know_v nothing_o what_o be_v do_v in_o foreign_a nation_n livius_n 34._o livius_n li._n 34._o observe_v that_o a_o certain_a favourite_n and_o intimate_a councillor_n of_o king_n antiochus_n be_v ignorant_a of_o foreign_a affair_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o ruin_n by_o persuade_v he_o to_o make_v war_n with_o the_o roman_n subsect_v 6._o of_o his_o eloquence_n see_v god_n have_v give_v to_o man_n two_o most_o peculiar_a property_n in_o the_o one_o of_o which_o be_v the_o force_n of_o understanding_n and_o judgement_n which_o we_o call_v reason_n in_o the_o other_o the_o faculty_n of_o speak_v it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o understand_v aright_o and_o judge_v prudent_o unless_o you_o can_v express_v the_o same_o handsome_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o a_o councillor_n be_v eloquent_a and_o that_o he_o express_v himself_o ready_o upon_o every_o subject_n and_o occasion_n for_o it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o he_o may_v be_v send_v to_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o persuade_v or_o dissuade_v to_o praise_v or_o accuse_v to_o congratulate_v or_o threaten_v or_o to_o speak_v to_o the_o vulgar_a to_o bring_v they_o from_o their_o fury_n to_o reason_n and_o then_o a_o councellor_n speech_n ought_v to_o be_v adorn_v with_o wise_a and_o grave_a sentence_n yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o favour_v of_o too_o much_o affectation_n but_o be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o hearer_n and_o that_o his_o argument_n and_o reason_n be_v not_o far-fetched_a it_o be_v a_o good_a reward_n of_o great_a pain_n say_v quintilian_n 7._o quintilian_n l._n 10._o c._n 7._o to_o have_v the_o faculty_n of_o speak_v ready_o and_o witty_o what_o be_v more_o effectual_a to_o allure_v the_o will_n and_o move_v the_o mind_n than_o eloquence_n but_o in_o such_o case_n i_o do_v not_o commend_v a_o tedious_a and_o incoherent_a speech_n but_o such_o as_o be_v succinct_a and_o material_a the_o short_a oration_n of_o publius_n valerius_n do_v bring_v the_o arm_a roman_a multitude_n to_o their_o wont_a obedience_n 4._o obedience_n valer._n max._n l._n 4._o three_o thing_n be_v enjoin_v a_o senator_n say_v cicero_n that_o he_o be_v present_a delegibus_fw-la present_a delegibus_fw-la for_o when_o the_o senate_n be_v full_a it_o have_v the_o more_o authority_n that_o he_o speak_v in_o due_a time_n and_o that_o he_o speak_v in_o few_o word_n lest_o he_o be_v burdensome_a i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v three_o several_a way_n in_o give_v of_o council_n to_o wit_n with_o reason_n authority_n and_o example_n which_o if_o join_v together_o must_v of_o necessity_n have_v great_a force_n therefore_o if_o a_o councillor_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o matter_n propose_v or_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o who_o have_v give_v they_o before_o he_o let_v he_o take_v heed_n that_o what_o he_o speak_v against_o the_o same_o may_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v it_o by_o valid_a and_o firm_a reason_n and_o because_o there_o be_v few_o who_o take_v it_o kind_o that_o their_o opinion_n shall_v be_v refute_v he_o must_v use_v all_o honour_n and_o respect_n in_o his_o word_n and_o shun_v such_o as_o be_v contentious_a neither_o let_v
freedom_n of_o good_a counsel_n be_v obstruct_v when_o the_o prince_n be_v angry_a and_o do_v manifest_a that_o he_o hear_v more_o willing_o what_o please_v than_o what_o be_v profitable_a the_o safety_n of_o that_o prince_n say_v the_o historian_n be_v desperate_a to_o who_o what_o be_v profitable_a be_v harsh_a and_o who_o hear_v nothing_o with_o patience_n but_o what_o be_v smooth_v when_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o roman_a senate_n whether_o the_o corn_n bring_v from_o sicily_n shall_v be_v give_v gratis_o or_o sell_v for_o a_o small_a price_n to_o the_o common-people_n coriolanus_n stand_v up_o and_o tell_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v any_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o gift_n that_o thereby_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o more_o petulant_a and_o lascivious_a that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o hold_v they_o low_o with_o want_n and_o penury_n whereby_o they_o will_v of_o necessity_n be_v more_o modest_a and_o more_o ready_a to_o go_v about_o their_o duty_n that_o thereby_o they_o shall_v employ_v themselves_o illust_n themselves_o diony_n halicar_n l._n 7._o liv._o l._n 2._o plin_n de_fw-fr viris_fw-la illust_n with_o manure_v their_o land_n and_o not_o with_o raise_v and_o soment_v sedition_n and_o that_o idleness_n and_o luxury_n which_o proceed_v from_o abundance_n will_v make_v the_o law_n contemn_v a_o noble_a and_o aristocratical_a opinion_n but_o not_o at_o all_o popular_a therefore_o the_o tribune_n who_o hear_v the_o same_o in_o the_o senate_n do_v relate_v it_o to_o the_o people_n by_o who_o incontinent_o a_o day_n be_v appoint_v to_o coriolanus_n but_o he_o do_v easy_o free_v himself_o of_o his_o accusation_n though_o the_o people_n be_v very_o much_o incense_v against_o he_o they_o acknowledge_v that_o coriolanus_n have_v do_v nothing_o but_o his_o duty_n where_o be_v there_o any_o liberty_n of_o speak_v if_o not_o in_o deliberation_n and_o give_v of_o counsel_n king_n lysimachus_z do_v show_v great_a favour_n to_o philippides_n the_o athenian_a because_o he_o do_v speak_v free_o and_o sincere_o and_o do_v lead_v a_o good_a and_o honest_a life_n free_a from_o adulation_n hieron_n plin._n hieron_n plin._n use_v to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o man_n troublesome_a to_o he_o who_o speak_v free_o severus_n do_v not_o only_o show_v himself_o courteous_a and_o affable_a to_o all_o man_n but_o he_o desire_v they_o also_o to_o speak_v free_o what_o they_o think_v and_o will_v argue_v with_o they_o without_o disdain_n alex._n disdain_n aelius_n lamprid_n in_o alex._n or_o bitterness_n messala_z valerius_n be_v inquire_v by_o tiberius_n annal_n tiberius_n tacit._n lib._n 1._o annal_n whether_o he_o do_v give_v his_o opinion_n by_o his_o command_n or_o not_o do_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n and_o that_o he_o will_v never_o use_v a_o other_o opinion_n than_o his_o own_o in_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o i_o will_v advise_v a_o prince_n not_o to_o trust_v those_o who_o use_v to_o praise_v annal_n praise_v tacit_fw-la lib._n 2._o annal_n what_o be_v either_o good_a or_o bad_a in_o he_o but_o here_o a_o councillor_n ought_v to_o shun_v two_o extreme_n the_o one_o lest_o he_o confound_v his_o freedom_n of_o speech_n with_o boldness_n and_o immodesty_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o any_o obstinate_a in_o their_o own_o opinion_n under_o colour_n of_o freedom_n do_v reflect_v on_o other_o which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v petulancy_n than_o ingenious_a and_o innocent_a freedom_n for_o that_o which_o be_v innocent_a have_v only_o regard_v to_o the_o public_a good_a say_v tacitus_n the_o other_o be_v lest_o under_o pretext_n of_o well-doing_n he_o fall_v into_o plain_a flattery_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o example_n of_o such_o adulation_n in_o plutarch_n hear_v o_o tiberius_n adulator_n tiberius_n de_fw-fr descrip_n amicorum_fw-la &_o adulator_n caesar_n for_o what_o we_o do_v all_o tacit_o reprehend_v you_o though_o no_o man_n dare_v do_v it_o public_o you_o destroy_v your_o body_n with_o continual_a care_n for_o the_o republic_n behold_v the_o flattery_n of_o some_o base_a parasite_n to_o a_o bloody_a tyrant_n sect_n i._o of_o his_o attention_n and_o diligence_n it_o be_v also_o requisite_a for_o a_o councillor_n to_o give_v a_o attentive_a ear_n to_o whatever_o be_v speak_v in_o council_n and_o by_o what_o argument_n they_o confirm_v their_o opinion_n lest_o he_o err_v in_o his_o answer_n which_o lycurgus_n desire_v to_o show_v of_o what_o moment_n this_o be_v command_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o picture_n in_o councel-room_n lest_o the_o thought_n of_o councillor_n shall_v be_v divert_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v whole_o take_v up_o with_o what_o they_o have_v in_o hand_n out_o of_o council_n let_v he_o be_v diligent_a in_o meditate_v read_v argue_v and_o consider_v the_o end_n of_o every_o thing_n every_o circumstance_n and_o the_o various_a contingency_n in_o humane_a action_n which_o be_v a_o practical_a knowledge_n and_o very_o profitable_a in_o the_o administration_n of_o affair_n moral_n affair_n plut._n in_o moral_n it_o be_v most_o requisite_a in_o our_o councillor_n to_o use_v this_o exact_a diligence_n in_o consultation_n that_o he_o may_v conjecture_v by_o observe_v experiment_n what_o be_v the_o evil_a consequence_n of_o every_o bad_a deliberation_n and_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o obstruction_n which_o may_v be_v find_v out_o by_o a_o diligent_a foresight_n and_o see_v many_o inconvenience_n do_v arise_v from_o his_o ignorance_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n wherein_o he_o serve_v and_o whereof_o he_o have_v the_o care_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o he_o know_v the_o least_o thing_n belong_v thereto_o but_o especial_o such_o as_o pertain_v to_o the_o commnnd_v in_o which_o he_o be_v let_v he_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o his_o own_o and_o neighbour_a people_n some_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v regard_v in_o a_o old_a and_o firm_o settle_a commonwealth_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o expose_v to_o envy_n and_o sedition_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v more_o proper_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o a_o new_a ill-grounded_a one_o he_o shall_v also_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o court_n thereby_o to_o understand_v perfect_o the_o disposition_n of_o other_o minister_n and_o councillor_n what_o the_o command_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v what_o province_n city_n town_n and_o fort_n be_v under_o his_o subjection_n the_o situation_n of_o place_n etc._n etc._n what_o be_v controvert_v in_o the_o principality_n with_o who_o and_o for_o what_o cause_n wherein_o the_o people_n be_v most_o delight_v by_o what_o they_o be_v fustain_v how_o they_o be_v affect_v towards_o their_o prince_n what_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n of_o the_o people_n be_v what_o be_v import_v and_o export_v what_o his_o treasury_n be_v whether_o his_o subject_n be_v oppress_v with_o tax_n or_o other_o burden_n whether_o they_o be_v rich_a or_o poor_a what_o number_n of_o soldier_n can_v be_v raise_v in_o particular_a province_n what_o league_n affinity_n and_o confederacy_n his_o prince_n have_v with_o other_o nation_n what_o can_v be_v expect_v thereby_o and_o final_o let_v he_o confer_v all_o his_o study_n care_n thought_n and_o diligence_n in_o every_o thing_n which_o neglect_v may_v prove_v detrimental_a to_o the_o republic_n who_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o vulgar_a say_v tacitus_n hist_o tacitus_n lib._n 2._o hist_o and_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v esteem_v know_v and_o wise_a men._n it_o be_v the_o part_n also_o of_o a_o vigilant_a and_o diligent_a councillor_n to_o catch_v hold_n of_o any_o sudden_a occasion_n wherefore_o we_o see_v great_a man_n have_v come_v to_o that_o greatness_n by_o prudent_o lay_v hold_n of_o good_a occasion_n the_o pope_n of_o rome_n use_v to_o implore_v the_o aid_n of_o the_o constantinopolitan_a emperor_n upon_o any_o eminent_a danger_n from_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n for_o who_o negligence_n charles_n the_o great_a be_v call_v by_o pope_n leo_n the_o 2._o the_o paulus_n emtlius_n lib._n 2._o three_o and_o he_o by_o know_v prudent_o to_o lay_v hold_n on_o the_o occasion_n and_o take_v the_o patronage_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n upon_o he_o do_v purchase_v the_o empire_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o the_o like_a account_n the_o french_a at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n do_v become_v master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n alphonsus_n king_n of_o arragon_n be_v call_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n by_o queen_n johanne_n and_o he_o not_o neglect_v so_o good_a a_o occasion_n do_v obtain_v that_o kingdom_n with_o the_o great_a applause_n of_o the_o neopolitanes_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n there_o can_v be_v more_o example_n produce_v but_o let_v these_o suffice_v to_o excite_v the_o diligence_n of_o a_o councillor_n to_o lay_v hold_n on_o occasion_n where_o great_a prudence_n be_v needful_a but_o it_o may_v be_v inquire_v in_o this_o place_n
with_o a_o decency_n to_o the_o country_n and_o court_n wherein_o he_o live_v handsome_a and_o fashionable_a without_o affectation_n which_o he_o shall_v change_v according_a to_o the_o place_n cause_n age_n or_o time_n subsect_v 1._o of_o his_o deportment_n towards_o his_o prince_n what_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o our_o courtier_n but_o what_o shall_v follow_v will_v be_v of_o far_o great_a and_o the_o more_o accurate_o to_o be_v observe_v because_o we_o see_v many_o err_v therein_o first_o we_o shall_v show_v how_o a_o courtier_n ought_v to_o carry_v himself_o to_o his_o prince_n then_o to_o his_o equal_n therein_o to_o shun_v envy_n as_o much_o as_o possible_a may_v be_v and_o last_o with_o what_o virtue_n he_o shall_v be_v endue_v above_o all_o thing_n i_o admonish_v our_o courtier_n to_o be_v such_o in_o effect_n as_o he_o will_v desire_v to_o seem_v to_o his_o prince_n and_o other_o and_o let_v not_o his_o tongue_n dissent_v from_o his_o heart_n he_o be_v as_o great_a a_o enemy_n to_o i_o say_v homer_n as_o the_o gate_n of_o hell_n who_o speak_v one_o thing_n and_o think_v another_o no_o lie_n grow_v old_a say_v euripides_n and_o as_o the_o love_n of_o man_n to_o a_o paint_a â—â—ore_n can_v be_v of_o no_o long_a continuance_n for_o with_o the_o first_o heat_n the_o deceit_n appear_v and_o the_o face_n thereby_o become_v more_o ugly_a so_o when_o dissembler_n be_v suspect_v which_o common_o happen_v they_o incur_v the_o hatred_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o other_o real_a pain_n do_v follow_v false_a pleasure_n real_a disgrace_n false_a honour_n and_o real_a destruction_n false_a profit_n to_o omit_v that_o it_o be_v against_o christian-piety_n which_o consist_v whole_o in_o the_o simplicity_n of_o the_o mind_n verum_fw-la hodie_fw-la laus_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la ultima_fw-la fingere_fw-la vultum_fw-la et_fw-la simulare_fw-la probe_n nec_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la fallere_fw-la nescit_fw-la mentirive_v ferret_v sapientis_fw-la nomen_fw-la in_o aula_fw-la dissimulation_n and_o well-feigned_n face_n once_o hateful_a vice_n now_o be_v no_o disgrace_n who_o can_v cheat_v and_o lie_v he_o strive_v in_o vain_a the_o name_n of_o wise_a in_o court_n ever_o to_o obtain_v divis_n 1._o of_o his_o assiduity_n and_o diligence_n have_v lay_v this_o foundation_n i_o say_v that_o assiduity_n and_o diligence_n be_v necessary_o requisite_a in_o our_o courtier_n this_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v regard_v by_o we_o say_v antonius_n in_o cicero_n there_o be_v nothing_o which_o it_o can_v obtain_v for_o whatever_o fall_v under_o our_o charge_n we_o accomplish_v with_o care_n vigilance_n and_o labour_n and_o in_o a_o word_n diligence_n in_o which_o one_o virtue_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v contain_v it_o be_v good_a to_o be_v admire_v in_o what_o we_o have_v by_o fortune_n but_o it_o be_v far_o better_a to_o have_v obtain_v what_o be_v glorious_a and_o honourable_a by_o our_o own_o industry_n for_o the_o former_a happen_v to_o good_a and_o bad_a but_o the_o other_o according_a to_o demosthenes_n to_o none_o but_o generous_a and_o brave_a spirit_n we_o see_v courtier_n ofttimes_o complain_v that_o be_v very_o observant_a of_o their_o prince_n they_o be_v notwithstanding_o in_o little_a favour_n and_o how_o shall_v that_o be_v the_o answer_n be_v easy_a for_o when_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o divers_a edifice_n those_o seem_v most_o illustrious_a who_o have_v the_o great_a glass-light_n so_o prince_n advance_v such_o courtier_n most_o who_o by_o virtue_n and_o diligence_n be_v the_o most_o fit_a for_o the_o administration_n of_o affair_n by_o diligence_n therefore_o a_o courtier_n will_v obtain_v that_o his_o prince_n make_v frequent_a use_n of_o he_o for_o such_o they_o favour_v more_o than_o other_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n say_v demosthenes_n that_o he_o who_o refuse_v no_o pain_n be_v always_o present_a upon_o every_o occasion_n and_o neglect_v not_o the_o least_o moment_n of_o time_n to_o obtain_v his_o desire_n before_o other_o all_o thing_n fall_v out_o prosperous_o say_v salustium_fw-la say_v cato_n apud_fw-la salustium_fw-la sallust_n by_o watch_v do_v and_o consult_v aright_o but_o when_o you_o addict_v yourself_o to_o laziness_n and_o idleness_n you_o shall_v in_o vain_a implore_v the_o angry_a go_n we_o call_v he_o a_o diligent_a courtier_n who_o seldom_o remove_v his_o thought_n from_o what_o be_v commit_v to_o his_o charge_n who_o make_v it_o his_o only_a care_n that_o his_o prince_n receive_v no_o prejudice_n both_o to_o foresee_v and_o to_o prevent_v danger_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v mean_v who_o spare_v no_o pain_n nor_o danger_n but_o rather_o remain_v as_o upon_o a_o perpetual_a watch_n who_o if_o he_o be_v send_v to_o another_o prince_n observe_v his_o nature_n and_o manner_n his_o strength_n and_o power_n his_o custom_n and_o treasure_n his_o confederate_n and_o ally_n and_o all_o his_o form_n of_o government_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o diligence_n of_o our_o courtier_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o least_o affect_a and_o most_o remote_a from_o ostentation_n be_v the_o most_o commendable_a as_o paterculus_n observe_v aright_o in_o piso_n that_o he_o do_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v without_o noise_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a officious_a curiosity_n render_v man_n hateful_a to_o be_v curious_a say_v cicero_n be_v to_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o do_v not_o belong_v unto_o we_o which_o denote_v he_o to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o levity_n or_o little_a sincerity_n divis_n 2._o of_o his_o secrecy_n philiopides_n do_v answer_v king_n lysimachus_n wise_o when_o he_o ask_v what_o he_o shall_v communicate_v to_o he_o any_o thing_n but_o your_o secret_n say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a thing_n to_o know_v the_o secret_n of_o prince_n because_o they_o be_v always_o jealous_a of_o such_o person_n say_v cassiodorus_n therefore_o our_o courtier_n shall_v not_o reveal_v the_o secret_n of_o his_o prince_n to_o any_o but_o especial_o such_o as_o he_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o persian_n do_v conceal_v the_o secret_n of_o their_o king_n with_o admirable_a sidelity_n no_o fear_n or_o hope_n can_v draw_v one_o syllable_n thereof_o from_o they_o and_o a_o man_n can_v undergo_v great_a affair_n to_o who_o it_o be_v a_o trouble_n to_o hold_v his_o tongue_n say_v curtius_n they_o be_v ridiculous_a who_o out_o of_o a_o ostentative_a vanity_n rejoice_v to_o relate_v what_o be_v do_v every_o day_n in_o the_o cabinet-council_n of_o their_o prince_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v show_v how_o much_o they_o be_v in_o favour_n with_o he_o a_o certain_a athenian_a do_v invite_v the_o ambassador_n of_o king_n philip_n to_o his_o house_n and_o some_o philosopher_n among_o who_o zeno_n be_v one_o and_o when_o all_o be_v merry_a and_o argue_v much_o upon_o several_a subject_n zeno_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o be_v still_o silent_a which_o the_o ambassador_n perceive_v do_v ask_v he_o what_o they_o shall_v relate_v to_o their_o king_n that_o you_o have_v see_v answer_v zeno_n a_o old_a man_n at_o athens_n who_o know_v how_o to_o be_v silent_a among_o cup_n it_o be_v praise_v worthy_a to_o speak_v well_o but_o it_o deserve_v no_o less_o praise_n to_o know_v when_o to_o be_v silent_a when_o aristotle_n send_v calistines_n his_o scholar_n and_o kinsman_n to_o alexander_n he_o do_v admonish_v he_o to_o speak_v seldom_o and_o prudent_o to_o he_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o his_o tongue_n which_o advice_n reject_v by_o calistines_n be_v the_o cause_n curtius_n cause_n curtius_n of_o his_o destruction_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o will_v advise_v our_o courtier_n to_o make_v as_o honourable_a mention_n of_o his_o former_a master_n if_o he_o have_v have_v any_o as_o if_o he_o be_v yet_o alive_a and_o not_o to_o complain_v of_o he_o although_o he_o think_v it_o acceptable_a to_o his_o prince_n otherwise_o he_o shall_v fall_v into_o two_o inconvenience_n the_o one_o the_o prince_n shall_v imagine_v that_o he_o may_v expect_v the_o like_o himself_o through_o process_n of_o time_n the_o other_o he_o will_v think_v it_o the_o courtier_n own_o fault_n that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o great_a favour_n with_o his_o former_a master_n divis_n 3._o of_o his_o love_n and_o affection_n to_o his_o prince_n as_o the_o ray_n can_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sun_n heat_n from_o fire_n cold_a from_o ice_n nor_o snow_n from_o whiteness_n so_o can_v benevolence_n familiarity_n society_n and_o concord_n be_v separate_v from_o love_n see_v i_o say_v nothing_o do_v more_o gain_v affection_n than_o token_n of_o love_n let_v a_o courtier_n endeavour_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n to_o make_v his_o prince_n understand_v that_o he_o love_v he_o love_n according_a to_o the_o proverb_n beget_v love_n it_o be_v ingratitude_n indeed_o not_o to_o love_v and_o favour_v those_o by_o who_o we_o know_v we_o be_v not_o a_o little_a belove_v