put_v the_o standard_n which_o he_o have_v illegal_o set_v put_v their_o article_n of_o confederacy_n be_v tear_v to_o piece_n which_o be_v do_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la be_v sing_v and_o the_o day_n conclude_v with_o a_o noble_a feast_n at_o the_o crown_n general_n be_v palace_n where_o baronowsky_n and_o other_o officer_n be_v noble_o entertain_v though_o the_o emperor_n have_v hitherto_o appear_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o prince_n james_n the_o queen_n of_o poland_n think_v to_o write_v in_o his_o behalf_n both_o to_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n and_o to_o the_o empress_n and_o much_o about_o that_o time_n a_o letter_n pretend_v to_o have_v be_v write_v by_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n to_o mounseur_fw-fr chateauneuf_fw-fr ambassador_n of_o france_n to_o constantinople_n be_v dispatch_v through_o poland_n and_o do_v the_o french_a a_o great_a prejudice_n this_o letter_n be_v write_v in_o the_o year_n 1695_o and_o intercept_v by_o a_o party_n of_o german_n so_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o think_v fit_a to_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o senate_n the_o abbot_n give_v a_o account_n in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o ill_a condition_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n tell_v monsieur_n chateauneuf_n that_o the_o turk_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o be_v afraid_a of_o they_o and_o quit_v their_o enterprise_n against_o hungary_n to_o oppose_v a_o people_n who_o say_v he_o can_v do_v they_o no_o harm_n because_o of_o their_o division_n and_o it_o contain_v some_o odd_a reflection_n on_o the_o king_n and_o the_o crown-general_n as_o if_o they_o have_v know_v and_o be_v glad_a that_o he_o shall_v serve_v the_o turk_n as_o spy_n this_o letter_n do_v so_o high_o incense_v the_o pole_n that_o it_o be_v very_o much_o insist_v that_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o declare_v whether_o he_o have_v do_v it_o by_o his_o master_n order_n or_o of_o his_o own_o head_n and_o that_o if_o he_o do_v it_o by_o order_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n he_o may_v be_v expel_v the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o minister_n of_o a_o prince_n enemy_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o that_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o he_o have_v commit_v that_o villainous_a fact_n without_o any_o order_n that_o such_o a_o punishment_n may_v be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o as_o the_o law_n ordain_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o traitor_n the_o french_a ambassador_n deny_v the_o fact_n and_o prepare_v a_o write_v to_o disow_v the_o letter_n and_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v forge_v by_o the_o enemy_n of_o france_n but_o as_o his_o party_n grow_v so_o strong_a as_o to_o make_v he_o fear_v nothing_o as_o to_o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o impression_n that_o letter_n may_v have_v wrought_v upon_o the_o pole_n his_o apology_n be_v never_o publish_a which_o silence_n have_v corroborate_v all_o the_o proof_n the_o imperialist_n allege_v to_o convince_v the_o senate_n of_o its_o be_v genuine_a the_o abbot_n of_o chateauneuf's_n brother_n to_o the_o french_a ambassador_n at_o constantinople_n arrive_v about_o that_o time_n at_o warsaw_n be_v send_v by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o assist_v polignac_n in_o his_o negotiation_n and_o temper_v a_o little_a his_o eagerness_n and_o passion_n which_o have_v be_v like_a to_o prejudice_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o master_n this_o new_a minister_n confirm_v the_o promise_n polignac_n have_v make_v to_o the_o pole_n and_o add_v some_o other_o in_o relation_n to_o a_o advantageous_a peace_n with_o the_o turk_n the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n approach_v the_o particular_a diet_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o break_v up_o with_o more_o tranquillity_n than_o be_v expect_v the_o nobility_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracow_n make_v a_o act_n of_o association_n whereby_o they_o promise_v upon_o oath_n mutual_o to_o assist_v each_o other_o and_o not_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v corrupt_v by_o any_o party_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o procure_v and_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o their_o country_n with_o unanimity_n and_o fidelity_n the_o number_n of_o the_o competitor_n be_v not_o much_o increase_v for_o beside_o these_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v no_o other_o have_v yet_o appear_v except_o the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n but_o few_o day_n before_o the_o great_a diet_n begin_v all_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v to_o see_v prince_n livio_n odeschalchi_n nephew_n to_o innocent_a xi_o put_v in_o for_o the_o crown_n for_o no_o body_n think_v he_o carry_v his_o pretension_n so_o high_a however_o he_o be_v like_a to_o outbid_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v upon_o what_o account_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o set_v at_o large_a in_o this_o place_n the_o proposal_n he_o make_v to_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v see_v the_o magnanimous_a prince_n odeschalchi_n nephew_n to_o pope_n innocent_a xi_o of_o glorious_a memory_n be_v one_o of_o those_o that_o have_v conceive_v a_o extraordinary_a tenderness_n and_o affection_n for_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n as_o well_o out_o of_o his_o own_o inclination_n as_o a_o imitatation_n of_o his_o uncle_n he_o make_v bold_a to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o candidate_n at_o the_o new_a election_n of_o a_o king_n not_o that_o he_o have_v any_o design_n to_o cross_v the_o royal_a prince_n of_o poland_n no_o less_o illustrious_a for_o their_o own_o virtue_n than_o for_o the_o heroic_a achievement_n of_o their_o decease_a glorious_a father_n or_o to_o oppose_v those_o other_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n whether_o native_n or_o foreigner_n but_o if_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v through_o any_o unfortunate_a event_n that_o none_o of_o those_o competitor_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o polish_v throne_n and_o that_o the_o magnanimous_a prince_n odeschalchi_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o all_o the_o rest_n he_o will_v willing_o submit_v his_o person_n and_o all_o that_o he_o have_v in_o the_o world_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n and_o moreover_o see_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v support_v by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n he_o shall_v be_v sole_o behold_v for_o his_o election_n to_o the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o illustrious_a polish_v nation_n and_o will_v bound_v himself_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o his_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o follow_a condition_n i._o that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n as_o also_o the_o condition_n that_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o ii_o that_o he_o will_v in_o no_o manner_n whatsoever_o violate_v the_o precious_a liberty_n of_o the_o polish_v nation_n but_o rather_o defend_v it_o upon_o all_o occasion_n with_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o own_o blood_n iii_o that_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n he_o will_v supply_v the_o republic_n with_o eight_o million_o of_o florin_n in_o polish_v money_n before_o he_o set_v his_o foot_n in_o the_o kingdom_n iv_o that_o he_o will_v redeem_v elbing_n from_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o reimburse_v the_o money_n for_o which_o it_o be_v former_o mortgage_v to_o he_o v._o that_o he_o will_v use_v his_o best_a endeavour_n to_o recover_v caminiek_n and_o other_o territory_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v usurp_v from_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n vi_o that_o to_o discharge_v the_o republic_n from_o the_o assignment_n that_o be_v usual_o allot_v to_o the_o new_a queen_n he_o will_v never_o marry_v or_o if_o the_o nation_n desire_v he_o shall_v he_o will_v accept_v of_o such_o a_o wife_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a vii_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n for_o the_o future_a the_o army_n shall_v be_v regular_o pay_v viii_o that_o he_o will_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n find_v a_o college_n at_o rome_n for_o 25_o polish_v gentleman_n and_o as_o many_o lithuanian_n with_o a_o sufficient_a revenue_n for_o their_o maintenance_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n ix_o that_o if_o he_o come_v to_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o republic_n shall_v be_v the_o sole_a heiress_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n of_o money_n and_o land_n as_o also_o of_o all_o his_o rich_a and_o costly_a movable_n x._o for_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o these_o promise_n he_o be_v ready_a to_o engage_v by_o a_o authentic_a act_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n all_o his_o hereditary_a land_n in_o the_o milanese_n as_o also_o the_o dukedom_n of_o ceri_fw-la bracciano_n and_o palo_n the_o marquisate_n of_o roncofredi_n and_o the_o county_n of_o montejano_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n arsenal_n and_o brass_n canon_n that_o be_v in_o those_o place_n he_o will_v engage_v likewise_o all_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o he_o have_v at_o interest_n at_o rome_n naples_n venice_n genoa_n madrid_n amsterdam_n etc._n etc._n xi_o last_o the_o envoy_n of_o prince_n odeschalchi_n to_o the_o diet_n be_v ready_a to_o make_v it_o evident_a to_o whosoever_o shall_v desire_v it_o by_o
to_o make_v himself_o at_o least_o his_o equal_a add_v that_o since_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o erect_v new_a kingdom_n as_o be_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o will_v make_v he_o king_n of_o lithuania_n and_o send_v he_o the_o crown_n with_o all_o the_o other_o royal_a ornament_n to_o which_o vitold_v reply_v that_o though_o he_o will_v not_o refuse_v the_o offer_n he_o can_v â—ot_n accept_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n his_o nephew_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n have_v receive_v this_o answer_n he_o go_v to_o jagellon_n and_o represent_v to_o he_o that_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o nation_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o oppose_v that_o design_n if_o the_o senate_n will_v consent_v to_o it_o the_o senator_n be_v assemble_v for_o that_o end_n and_o vitold_v present_a the_o archbishop_z of_o gnesna_n who_o sigismond_n have_v bring_v over_o to_o his_o side_n have_v make_v a_o long_a and_o confuse_a discourse_n without_o come_v to_o any_o certain_a conclusion_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n rise_v up_o in_o his_o place_n and_o blame_v vitold_n design_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o zeal_n and_o boldness_n put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o article_n agree_v upon_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o he_o and_o confirm_v by_o mutual_a oath_n by_o which_o they_o have_v unite_v lithuania_n to_o poland_n that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n for_o a_o prince_n of_o his_o age_n and_o who_o have_v acquire_v so_o much_o glory_n to_o discover_v so_o irregular_a a_o ambition_n that_o will_v infallible_o expose_v both_o the_o polander_n and_o lithuanian_n to_o unavoidable_a ruin_n add_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o sigismund_n kindness_n be_v treacherous_a and_o fatal_a that_o he_o ought_v to_o suspect_v a_o present_a that_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o their_o common_a enemy_n that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v only_o to_o create_v a_o jealousy_n betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o nephew_n that_o he_o may_v execute_v his_o design_n upon_o two_o disunited_a prince_n which_o he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v while_o they_o be_v friend_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o set_v a_o great_a value_n on_o the_o favour_n and_o kindness_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o king_n his_o nephew_n and_o from_o the_o polander_n than_o upon_o the_o vain_a and_o deceitful_a promise_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o german_n never_o have_v any_o real_a kindness_n either_o for_o he_o or_o the_o king_n that_o they_o have_v often_o violate_v the_o condition_n of_o peace_n agree_v on_o between_o the_o two_o nation_n and_o that_o under_o the_o pretext_n of_o do_v they_o good_a office_n they_o have_v make_v frequent_a attempt_n to_o ruin_v they_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o the_o king_n have_v prefer_v he_o before_o his_o own_o brother_n by_o entrust_v he_o with_o so_o great_a a_o authority_n in_o lithuania_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v delude_v by_o the_o pernicious_a insinuation_n of_o sigismond_n and_o that_o he_o hope_v so_o wise_a and_o judicious_a a_o prince_n will_v neither_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o nor_o the_o glory_n of_o so_o many_o illustrious_a action_n which_o he_o have_v perform_v to_o be_v stain_v by_o the_o treacherous_a artifices_fw-la of_o his_o enemy_n this_o harangue_n be_v applaud_v by_o the_o whole_a senate_n which_o so_o exasperate_v vitold_v that_o he_o go_v out_o of_o the_o assembly_n after_o he_o have_v assure_v they_o that_o since_o they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o comply_v with_o he_o he_o will_v find_v some_o other_o way_n to_o compass_v his_o design_n thus_o the_o senate_n break_v up_o and_o king_n jagellon_n return_v to_o poland_n but_o sigismond_n stay_v some_o time_n with_o vitold_a at_o luceoria_n after_o which_o he_o go_v immediate_o to_o hungary_n lest_o the_o polander_n who_o he_o have_v offend_v shall_v raise_v some_o disturbance_n in_o that_o country_n and_o some_o time_n after_o he_o send_v a_o fine_a present_n to_o vitold_a as_o a_o pledge_n of_o the_o league_n they_o have_v enter_v into_o upon_o certain_a condition_n the_o king_n leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o secure_v himself_o against_o the_o attempt_n of_o his_o uncle_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o advice_n which_o sigismond_n have_v give_v he_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o lithuania_n for_o he_o have_v receive_v information_n that_o he_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o tentonic_a knight_n by_o the_o emperor_n advice_n and_o mediation_n vitold_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o design_n force_v the_o lithuanian_n to_o take_v a_o new_a oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o place_v garrison_n in_o the_o town_n of_o lithuania_n that_o border_v upon_o poland_n jagellon_fw-mi not_o be_v able_a to_o dissuade_v his_o uncle_n vitold_v from_o pursue_v the_o unnatural_a resolution_n with_o which_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v inspire_v he_o and_o understanding_n that_o he_o be_v sudden_o to_o be_v crown_v give_v order_n to_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o those_o who_o shall_v be_v send_v to_o he_o and_o to_o surprise_v they_o in_o their_o journey_n from_o prussia_n to_o lithuania_n and_o according_o the_o chamberlain_z of_o posnania_n who_o receive_v that_o order_n seize_v two_o of_o those_o envoy_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n viz._n baptista_n cigale_n of_o genova_n and_o sigismond_n roth_n of_o silesia_n who_o be_v go_v to_o vitold_a in_o lithuania_n and_o take_v from_o they_o the_o letter_n which_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o he_o those_o letter_n be_v write_v to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o a_o emperor_n have_v power_n to_o erect_v new_a kingdom_n these_o envoy_n be_v also_o entrust_v with_o letter_n patent_n for_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n into_o a_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o they_o be_v impower_v to_o treat_v of_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n against_o the_o polander_n the_o king_n have_v peruse_v all_o the_o letter_n command_v the_o chamberlain_n of_o posnania_n to_o return_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n for_o sigismond_n be_v send_v to_o vitold_a a_o embassy_n of_o german_n bohemian_o and_o hungarian_n who_o be_v carry_v the_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o royal_a ornament_n to_o he_o and_o be_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o next_o morning_n but_o by_o that_o time_n they_o have_v reach_v frankfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge they_o understand_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v block_v up_o all_o the_o passage_n so_o that_o after_o they_o have_v stay_v two_o month_n in_o that_o city_n without_o dare_v to_o proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n they_o return_v to_o germany_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n vitold_v who_o have_v invite_v all_o the_o principal_a lord_n of_o lithuania_n and_o russia_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n to_o vilna_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o ceremony_n of_o his_o coronation_n perceive_v that_o he_o be_v disappoint_v resolve_v himself_o to_o invite_v the_o king_n his_o nephew_n to_o a_o hunting-match_n in_o lithuania_n hope_v that_o he_o may_v easy_o persuade_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o advancement_n but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o goodness_n and_o easiness_n of_o the_o king_n temper_n order_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o accompany_v he_o that_o he_o may_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n without_o his_o advice_n when_o the_o king_n arrive_v at_o viâ—na_n vitold_v pray_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o coronation_n and_o not_o to_o envy_v he_o the_o honour_n of_o wear_v a_o crown_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v send_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n with_o he_o that_o he_o may_v do_v nothing_o without_o his_o approbation_n upon_o which_o vitold_v send_v some_o person_n to_o that_o prelate_n to_o bribe_v his_o fidelity_n with_o assurance_n of_o a_o magnificent_a reward_n add_v in_o a_o flatter_a and_o oblige_v manner_n that_o his_o fortune_n depend_v upon_o he_o and_o that_o he_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o prove_v the_o only_a enemy_n to_o his_o advancement_n those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o this_o message_n have_v order_n to_o tell_v the_o bishop_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v what_o a_o affront_v it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o master_n if_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v crown_v king_n that_o he_o desire_v no_o more_o than_o that_o he_o will_v suffer_v he_o to_o wear_v the_o crown_n for_o a_o moment_n and_o that_o he_o will_v quit_v it_o immediate_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o assure_v he_o that_o if_o he_o continue_v obstinate_o to_o oppose_v that_o prince_n design_n he_o will_v be_v his_o irreconcilable_a enemy_n and_o do_v every_o thing_n that_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n to_o dispossess_v he_o
of_o his_o bishopric_n but_o that_o prelate_n resolve_v to_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o interest_n of_o his_o country_n and_o be_v equal_o proof_n against_o promise_n and_o threaten_n reply_v that_o he_o be_v sensible_a their_o master_n deserve_v a_o crown_n but_o that_o he_o can_v not_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o lithuania_n without_o violate_v the_o oath_n he_o have_v take_v touch_v the_o union_n of_o that_o state_n with_o poland_n and_o therefore_o he_o advise_v he_o to_o lay_v aside_o that_o pernicious_a design_n which_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v either_o honourable_a or_o advantageous_a to_o he_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o eternal_a reproach_n to_o he_o and_o will_v hasten_v the_o ruin_n of_o his_o country_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o flatter_v himself_o with_o think_v that_o the_o german_n and_o teutonic_n knight_n will_v be_v his_o faithful_a ally_n since_o they_o be_v irreconcilable_a enemy_n both_o to_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o polander_n that_o their_o 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polander_n they_o be_v still_o form_v new_a project_n to_o weaken_v '_o they_o and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v also_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o terrible_a consequence_n of_o the_o mistake_a politics_n of_o some_o prince_n who_o intrust_v their_o subject_n with_o too_o large_a a_o share_n in_o the_o government_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o a_o excessive_a kindness_n to_o his_o uncle_n this_o excellent_a king_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v both_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n by_o the_o peace_n conclude_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n the_o three_o of_o may_n 1660_o of_o which_o the_o french_a king_n be_v guarantee_n the_o polander_n yield_v up_o livonia_n to_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o as_o for_o silesia_n it_o be_v so_o long_a since_o they_o lose_v it_o that_o they_o think_v no_o more_o of_o recover_v it_o for_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v one_o of_o their_o peculiar_a quality_n to_o lose_v the_o remembrance_n of_o their_o loss_n thus_o poland_n be_v at_o present_a border_v on_o the_o north_n with_o livonia_n and_o muscovy_n on_o the_o south_n with_o upper_a hungary_n and_o transylvania_n on_o the_o east_n with_o vkrania_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o dutchy_n or_o palatinate_n of_o smolensko_n siberia_n czernichowia_fw-la and_o kiowia_fw-la which_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o sitesia_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n since_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o vkrania_n and_o bring_v the_o tartar_n into_o poland_n i_o must_v in_o the_o next_o place_n take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o those_o two_o nation_n and_o first_o of_o the_o tartar_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o tartar_n it_o be_v observe_v of_o this_o warlike_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n that_o they_o never_o fight_v in_o rank_n and_o that_o in_o their_o flight_n they_o shoot_v arrow_n behind_o they_o that_o their_o poverty_n and_o their_o swiftness_n make_v they_o in_o a_o manner_n invincible_a and_o that_o they_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v bear_v to_o pillage_n and_o impoverish_v their_o neighbour_n they_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o great_a tartar_n of_o asia_n and_o leave_v mount_n imaus_n beyond_o the_o caspian_a sea_n in_o the_o year_n 1188._o extend_v themselves_o along_o the_o volga_n the_o tanais_n and_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o in_o that_o peninsala_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o crim._n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v and_o have_v be_v know_v by_o divers_a name_n for_o those_o who_o inhabit_v the_o peninsula_n be_v call_v crim_n tartar_n those_o who_o extend_v themselves_o to_o the_o river_n don_n or_o tanais_n which_o come_v from_o muscovy_n and_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n be_v call_v nogais_n and_o both_o of_o they_o be_v call_v petty_a tartar_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o great_a tartar_n of_o asia_n the_o crim_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o the_o southern_a the_o latter_a be_v cut_v through_o the_o middle_n by_o very_o high_a and_o almost_o inaccessible_a mountain_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o peninsula_n be_v caffa_n which_o be_v a_o considerable_a port_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n to_o the_o eastward_o which_o mahomet_n the_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n take_v from_o the_o genoese_a in_o the_o year_n 1475._o the_o whole_a peninsula_n be_v but_o 78_o league_n in_o length_n and_o 40_o in_o breadth_n it_o be_v border_v with_o the_o palus_n sukamorzi_n towards_o the_o north_n the_o black_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n and_o west_n the_o palus_n maeotis_n and_o the_o cimmerian_a bosphorus_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o circassia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o continent_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a isthmus_n towards_o the_o north_n near_o 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prevail_v with_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o send_v they_o to_o constantinople_n with_o a_o ambassador_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o circumcision_n of_o his_o son_n but_o when_o amurath_n have_v those_o two_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n instead_o of_o restore_v they_o to_o machmetkirey_n their_o brother_n he_o resolve_v to_o retain_v they_o as_o hostage_n for_o his_o fidelity_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o keep_v he_o in_o a_o perpetual_a dependence_n upon_o the_o port._n the_o grand_a signior_n be_v at_o that_o time_n engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o persian_n he_o desire_v the_o cham_n of_o tartary_n to_o assist_v the_o turk_n in_o asia_n and_o upon_o that_o condition_n promise_v to_o deliver_v up_o his_o brother_n upon_o this_o assurance_n machmetkirey_n march_v ed_z from_o tartary_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n in_o order_n to_o assist_v he_o but_o understanding_n as_o he_o be_v pass_v through_o mingrelia_n that_o the_o turk_n be_v total_o rout_v by_o the_o persian_n he_o march_v back_o to_o his_o own_o country_n where_o he_o expect_v to_o find_v his_o brother_n but_o perceive_v that_o amurath_n have_v disappoint_v he_o he_o be_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o grand_a signior_n be_v force_v to_o appease_v he_o with_o present_n and_o to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o make_v his_o excuse_n for_o not_o perform_v his_o promise_n pretend_v that_o he_o be_v afraid_a to_o send_v back_o the_o two_o prince_n in_o his_o absence_n lest_o they_o shall_v have_v raise_v some_o disturbance_n and_o assure_v he_o that_o he_o will_v put_v they_o very_o speedy_o into_o his_o hand_n not_o long_o after_o these_o two_o prince_n make_v their_o escape_n from_o constantinople_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o other_o tartar_n and_o of_o the_o muscovite_n raise_v a_o new_a war_n against_o their_o brother_n which_o oblige_v machmetkirey_n to_o demand_v succour_n of_o amurath_n who_o promise_v to_o furnish_v he_o with_o some_o troop_n but_o send_v
their_o drum_n and_o trumpet_n and_o by_o discharge_v several_a volley_n of_o canon_n round_o their_o camp_n the_o new-raised_a polander_n believe_v that_o they_o be_v rejoice_v for_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o they_o expect_v which_o put_v they_o into_o such_o a_o consternation_n that_o they_o resolve_v upon_o a_o sudden_a flight_n their_o officer_n not_o be_v able_a to_o stop_v they_o the_o disorder_n be_v so_o great_a and_o the_o flight_n so_o precipitate_a that_o the_o cossack_n be_v for_o a_o whole_a day_n of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o faint_a to_o draw_v they_o from_o their_o post_n but_o at_o last_o have_v detach_v some_o troop_n to_o observe_v the_o enemy_n they_o understand_v that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o soldier_n leave_v in_o the_o polish_v camp_n whereupon_o they_o march_v immediate_o and_o pillage_v all_o the_o baggage_n that_o the_o polander_n have_v leave_v and_o the_o tartar_n arrive_v afterward_o in_o their_o army_n they_o carry_v terror_n and_o desolation_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n such_o be_v the_o fatal_a effect_n of_o a_o panic_n fear_v that_o surprise_v those_o new-raised_a and_o undisciplined_a troop_n the_o polish_v army_n be_v thus_o total_o disperse_v at_o pilaveze_n a_o small_a city_n in_o upper_a volhinia_n about_o two_o league_n from_o chmielnich_n on_o the_o river_n bugg_n the_o tartar_n and_o cossack_n besiege_v leopold_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 300000_o man_n and_o at_o the_o first_o assault_n take_v the_o castle_n but_o they_o meet_v with_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a resistance_n from_o the_o town_n though_o it_o be_v neither_o strong_a by_o nature_n nor_o art_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o small_a garrison_n when_o these_o barbarian_n perceive_v that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o city_n they_o demand_v 200000_o crown_n of_o gold_n for_o its_o ransom_n and_o the_o burgher_n not_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v so_o exorbitant_a a_o sum_n and_o fear_v the_o event_n of_o a_o siege_n give_v they_o 1200_o mark_n of_o uncoined_a silver_n among_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o church-plate_n but_o they_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o so_o small_a a_o sum_n continue_v to_o press_v the_o city_n which_o oblige_v the_o burgher_n to_o give_v they_o 16000_o livre_n more_o which_o they_o raise_v with_o extraordinary_a difficulty_n and_o beside_o they_o give_v they_o the_o holy_a ornament_n cloth_n silk_n and_o abundance_n of_o fur_n for_o though_o the_o city_n want_v the_o convenience_n of_o a_o river_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n because_o it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o russia_n thus_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n raise_v the_o siege_n of_o leopold_n october_n 24_o 1648_o after_o which_o they_o ravage_v the_o country_n and_o after_o the_o tartar_n return_v home_o the_o cossack_n alone_o lay_v siege_n to_o zamoiscia_n a_o town_n seat_v upon_o a_o lake_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o belcz_n fortify_v with_o seven_o bastion_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o academy_n which_o john_n zamoski_n chancellor_n and_o general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n found_v there_o it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o vigorous_a resistance_n it_o make_v against_o chemelnski_n general_n of_o the_o cossack_n who_o besiege_v it_o with_o a_o army_n of_o above_o 60000_o man_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1648._o the_o year_n follow_v king_n john_n casimir_n send_v deputy_n to_o chemelnski_n to_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o sense_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o restrain_v the_o violence_n of_o his_o troop_n and_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v incursion_n but_o chemelnski_n answer_v fierce_o that_o he_o will_v put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o port_n if_o the_o polander_n will_v not_o grant_v he_o all_o the_o condition_n he_o require_v the_o king_n who_o be_v resolve_v to_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o overcome_v the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o cossack_n send_v other_o deputy_n to_o treat_v with_o they_o concern_v article_n of_o peace_n they_o find_v chemclnski_n at_o pereaslaw_n where_o they_o deliver_v to_o he_o in_o the_o king_n name_n the_o batoon_n of_o a_o general_n on_o the_o 20_o of_o february_n 1649_o and_o receive_v his_o proposal_n which_o look_v rather_o like_v absolute_a command_n than_o condition_n of_o peace_n for_o he_o exclaim_v with_o great_a vehemency_n against_o visnovieshi_n and_o czaplinski_n and_o declare_v with_o a_o infupportable_a insolence_n that_o he_o will_v never_o be_v at_o quiet_a till_o he_o have_v chastise_v they_o for_o all_o the_o injury_n they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o cossack_n that_o visnovieski_n must_v be_v punish_v and_o czaplinski_n put_v into_o their_o hand_n as_o the_o author_n of_o all_o these_o disaster_n that_o potoski_n be_v not_o free_a from_o the_o crime_n of_o have_v persecute_v the_o cossack_n even_o into_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n whither_o they_o have_v retire_v to_o save_v their_o life_n that_o nevertheless_o potoski_n who_o be_v then_o a_o slave_n in_o the_o crim_n be_v punish_v sufficient_o for_o all_o his_o pernicious_a design_n that_o to_o those_o three_o he_o may_v add_v the_o great_a standard_n bearer_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o have_v rob_v he_o of_o his_o inheritance_n and_o have_v quarter_v his_o troop_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o cossack_n where_o they_o commit_v all_o manner_n of_o barbarity_n but_o that_o he_o do_v not_o impute_v all_o those_o disorder_n so_o much_o to_o he_o as_o to_o visnovieski_n and_o czaplinski_n that_o therefore_o the_o punishment_n as_o well_o as_o the_o blame_v aught_o to_o fall_v upon_o those_o two_o and_o that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o punish_v he_o will_v perish_v with_o all_o the_o army_n of_o the_o cossack_n or_o poland_n itself_o shall_v perish_v with_o its_o senate_n generals_z lord_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n king_n casimir_n perceive_v the_o design_n of_o the_o cossack_n by_o this_o answer_n draw_v his_o force_n together_o and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n chemelnski_n call_v in_o the_o tartar_n who_o come_v to_o his_o assistance_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n and_o attack_v a_o body_n of_o the_o polish_v troop_n which_o be_v encamp_v at_o zbaras_n a_o small_a city_n of_o lower_n podolia_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o lower_n volhinia_n about_o ten_o league_n from_o braclaw_n towards_o the_o north_n famous_a for_o the_o brave_a defence_n that_o a_o small_a number_n of_o polander_n make_v against_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n who_o keep_v they_o invest_v for_o two_o month_n and_o thrice_o attack_v their_o retrenchment_n without_o be_v able_a to_o force_v they_o for_o the_o polander_v defend_v themselves_o with_o so_o incredible_a a_o valour_n that_o they_o give_v their_o king_n time_n to_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n hear_v of_o their_o approach_n march_v secret_o to_o zborow_n on_o the_o river_n bog_n to_o meet_v he_o where_o be_v defeat_v by_o king_n casimir_n and_o understanding_n that_o another_o party_n of_o cossack_n be_v rout_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n they_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o poland_n which_o be_v afterward_o ratify_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o same_o year_n 1649._o after_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v with_o the_o cossack_n at_o zborow_n chemelnski_n their_o general_n grow_v daily_o more_o powerful_a and_o insolent_a assist_v the_o cham_n of_o tartary_n against_o the_o circassian_n without_o the_o king_n be_v leave_v and_o afterward_o have_v receive_v succour_n from_o the_o cham_n he_o attack_v the_o hospodar_n of_o moldavia_n from_o who_o he_o exact_v a_o great_a ransom_n with_o a_o promise_n to_o give_v his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n to_o his_o son_n timothy_n but_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o so_o considerable_a a_o alliance_n he_o send_v deputy_n anno_fw-la 1650_o to_o the_o port_n to_o desire_v some_o auxiliary_a force_n and_o to_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o turk_n thus_o he_o shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o cossack_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o vkrania_n which_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a mortification_n to_o the_o polish_v nobility_n who_o have_v just_o re-entered_a upon_o the_o estate_n they_o have_v lose_v during_o the_o insurrection_n of_o those_o rebel_n king_n casimir_n have_v lose_v all_o hope_n of_o reduce_v they_o by_o promise_n or_o favour_n resolve_v once_o more_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o force_v in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o summon_v the_o arrierban_n in_o the_o year_n 1651_o and_o lead_v they_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n into_o the_o field_n which_o depend_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o lesinow_n beyond_o beretesko_n a_o city_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o luceoria_n on_o the_o river_n stir_v about_o a_o league_n from_o the_o frontier_n of_o russia_n in_o
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be_v conser_v and_o engage_v they_o to_o follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o his_o will_n with_o a_o blind_a obedience_n for_o there_o be_v few_o king_n in_o europe_n that_o have_v more_o favour_n to_o bestow_v than_o that_o prince_n neither_o can_v any_o other_o in_o less_o time_n make_v a_o very_a rich_a lord_n of_o a_o poor_a gentleman_n but_o it_o happen_v quite_o otherwise_o for_o not_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o polander_n who_o natural_o be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o grateful_a they_o know_v too_o well_o that_o their_o king_n can_v dispose_v of_o any_o of_o those_o preferment_n to_o any_o other_o but_o only_o to_o themselves_o and_o they_o believe_v that_o when_o he_o grant_v they_o any_o such_o place_n revenue_n or_o benefice_n he_o only_o give_v they_o back_o what_o belong_v to_o they_o by_o their_o native_a right_n and_o that_o thus_o his_o grant_n be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o act_n of_o grace_n as_o a_o piece_n of_o justice_n the_o rather_o because_o as_o i_o have_v 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depute_v some_o of_o the_o nobility_n to_o let_v the_o queen_n know_v that_o though_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o high_o require_v the_o presence_n of_o a_o king_n yet_o they_o be_v content_v to_o stay_v for_o the_o princess_n till_o the_o month_n of_o november_n 1383._o now_o the_o queen_n have_v neglect_v to_o send_v her_o daughter_n hedwige_v that_o second_o time_n the_o polander_v send_v she_o some_o deputy_n a_o three_o time_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n but_o queen_n elizabeth_n have_v also_o break_v her_o word_n to_o they_o that_o time_n the_o senate_n be_v meet_v at_o radom_n send_v one_o single_a deputy_n to_o acquaint_v she_o that_o it_o have_v be_v resolve_v in_o the_o diet_n not_o to_o send_v any_o more_o to_o she_o and_o that_o if_o she_o have_v a_o mind_n that_o her_o daughter_n hedwige_n shall_v be_v queen_n they_o will_v still_o wait_v for_o she_o till_o the_o 8_o of_o may_n but_o that_o if_o after_o that_o time_n she_o do_v not_o appear_v the_o republic_n will_v proceed_v according_a as_o may_v be_v think_v most_o adviseable_a in_o the_o press_a necessity_n which_o they_o labour_v under_o for_o want_v of_o a_o king_n the_o queen_n have_v hear_v the_o senate_n final_a resolution_n instead_o of_o send_v her_o daughter_n hedwige_v into_o poland_n advise_v her_o son-in-law_n sigismond_n to_o go_v thither_o with_o some_o force_n to_o govern_v the_o republic_n till_o her_o daughter_n hedwige_n be_v grow_v up_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o polander_v hear_v of_o sigsmund_n approach_n they_o raise_v some_o man_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o oppose_v that_o prince_n who_o they_o particular_o hate_v at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o send_v to_o let_v he_o know_v that_o if_o he_o presume_v to_o enter_v poland_n they_o will_v declare_v themselves_o his_o open_a enemy_n this_o oblige_v he_o to_o go_v back_o and_o send_v to_o desire_v they_o to_o stay_v till_o the_o whitsuntide_n follow_v for_o the_o princess_n hedwige_n come_v according_o they_o stay_v and_o not_o only_o till_o then_o but_o also_o till_o the_o month_n of_o october_n after_o that_o at_o which_o time_n she_o arrive_v at_o cracow_n where_o immediate_o she_o be_v crown_v queen_n of_o poland_n on_o st._n hedwige_n of_o lignitz'_v day_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o relate_v this_o passage_n to_o the_o nonstrate_v that_o the_o pole_n have_v no_o common_a regard_n to_o the_o royal_a progeny_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v that_o any_o thing_n can_v illustrate_v that_o respect_n more_o than_o the_o patience_n with_o which_o they_o wait_v and_o that_o too_o at_o a_o time_n while_o they_o have_v so_o much_o need_n of_o elect_v a_o king_n for_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o disturb_v not_o only_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o have_v a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o republic_n endeavour_v to_o be_v make_v king_n of_o poland_n as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a but_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o the_o russian_n also_o be_v not_o a_o little_a troublesome_a and_o there_o be_v then_o many_o robery_n plundering_n and_o strange_a disorder_n commit_v every_o where_o with_o impunity_n because_o the_o kingdom_n be_v destitute_a of_o a_o head_n when_o hedwige_n have_v be_v crown_v and_o the_o republic_n be_v study_v how_o to_o get_v she_o a_o proper_a husband_n jagello_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n send_v his_o two_o brother_n to_o she_o with_o very_o considerable_a present_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n offer_v to_o renounce_v his_o idolatrous_a worship_n and_o turn_v christian_n as_o also_o to_o endeavour_v to_o make_v his_o subject_n do_v the_o same_o and_o to_o unite_v his_o duchy_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n for_o the_o future_a and_o present_v the_o republic_n with_o two_o
for_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o money_n that_o several_a candidate_n for_o their_o crown_n must_v needs_o bring_v into_o their_o kingdom_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o candidate_n begin_v to_o make_v party_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o native_n of_o poland_n be_v exclude_v by_o a_o article_n of_o the_o association_n afore_o mention_v prince_n james_n and_o prince_n alexander_n his_o brother_n appear_v among_o the_o other_o who_o make_v interest_n for_o the_o throne_n they_o have_v for_o competitor_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o lorrrain_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n will_v not_o appear_v and_o order_v his_o minister_n the_o abbot_n scarlati_fw-la to_o sollicit_v for_o prince_n james_n the_o division_n in_o the_o royal_a family_n be_v very_o favourable_a to_o foreign_a candidate_n but_o they_o be_v happy_o extinguish_v by_o the_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n james_n with_o his_o mother_n and_o thereby_o their_o interest_n which_o be_v divide_v before_o be_v reunite_v and_o prince_n alexander_n quit_v his_o pretension_n the_o primate_n contribute_v much_o to_o this_o reconciliation_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o deep_o engage_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o report_v and_o as_o it_o appear_v afterward_o prince_n james_n want_v neither_o merit_n nor_o money_n and_o yet_o by_o a_o unaccountable_a fatality_n he_o be_v not_o much_o belove_v by_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v be_v witness_n of_o his_o valour_n in_o several_a rencounter_n it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o emperor_n will_v have_v declare_v for_o that_o prince_n because_o he_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n brother-in-law_n but_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v always_o upon_o the_o reserve_v and_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o election_n show_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v engage_v for_o another_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n be_v certain_o endow_v with_o excellent_a quality_n and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o meet_v at_o the_o court_n of_o france_n the_o encouragement_n or_o reward_n he_o deserve_v and_o though_o the_o most_o christian_n king_n have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o trust_v he_o with_o the_o command_n of_o his_o army_n yet_o all_o the_o world_n own_v that_o he_o be_v very_o worthy_a of_o that_o great_a employment_n and_o most_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o french_a king_n be_v afraid_a of_o his_o capacity_n whatever_o it_o be_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v no_o soon_o dead_a but_o the_o king_n of_o france_n think_v of_o promote_a the_o prince_n of_o conti_n to_o the_o throne_n and_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n his_o minister_n in_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v in_o august_n magnify_v very_o much_o the_o zeal_n and_o affection_n the_o king_n his_o master_n have_v always_o have_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o give_v some_o hint_n to_o let_v they_o understand_v that_o his_o kindness_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o have_v choose_v a_o successor_n to_o their_o king_n worthy_a of_o their_o crown_n this_o be_v not_o express_v in_o plain_a term_n for_o it_o be_v not_o time_n to_o do_v it_o but_o he_o begin_v few_o day_n after_o his_o cabal_n and_o make_v use_v of_o such_o artifices_fw-la to_o render_v the_o royal_a family_n odious_a to_o the_o people_n that_o the_o queen_n be_v oblige_v to_o forbid_v he_o her_o presence_n and_o to_o complain_v of_o he_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o disow_v in_o public_a the_o conduct_n of_o his_o minister_n though_o likely_a it_o be_v approve_v in_o secret_n the_o french_a know_v that_o money_n be_v the_o best_a recommendation_n in_o poland_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n be_v persuade_v to_o sell_v or_o rather_o mortgage_v his_o estate_n and_o the_o french_a king_n remit_v vast_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o minister_n which_o gain_v he_o so_o great_a a_o party_n that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o think_v of_o prevent_v his_o election_n and_o therefore_o to_o redouble_v their_o intrigue_n if_o merit_n alone_o have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v a_o prince_n to_o the_o throne_n of_o poland_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n will_v have_v carry_v the_o crown_n but_o his_o highness_n want_v money_n his_o party_n be_v so_o inconsiderable_a that_o when_o the_o election_n come_v on_o they_o be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o as_o to_o the_o young_a duke_n of_o lorraine_n neither_o the_o great_a action_n of_o his_o father_n nor_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o the_o senate_n be_v able_a to_o gain_v her_o friend_n enough_o to_o stand_v it_o out_o against_o prince_n james_n and_o prince_n of_o conti._n the_o winter_n be_v spend_v in_o intrigue_n and_o a_o great_a many_o libel_n come_v out_o upon_o the_o subject_a some_o write_n for_o prince_n james_n other_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o other_o against_o both_o the_o nephew_n of_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v then_o at_o paris_n and_o have_v spend_v his_o money_n be_v arrest_v for_o debt_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n have_v notice_n thereof_o come_v himself_o to_o the_o prison_n pay_v all_o his_o debt_n and_o give_v he_o what_o money_n he_o want_v to_o return_v home_o this_o young_a gentleman_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o generosity_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o of_o the_o civility_n wherewith_o he_o have_v accompany_v that_o service_n that_o he_o proclaim_v it_o in_o poland_n and_o engage_v his_o uncle_n into_o his_o interest_n however_o prince_n james_n seem_v to_o have_v the_o strong_a party_n till_o the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n which_o happen_v on_o the_o 17_o of_o april_n 1697._o that_o prince_n who_o know_v what_o pretension_n the_o pole_n have_v upon_o livonia_n be_v against_o the_o election_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n but_o especial_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o republic_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o recommendation_n of_o that_o prince_n it_o be_v believe_v prince_n james_n will_v have_v be_v elect_v for_o many_o of_o those_o who_o appear_v afterward_o against_o he_o seem_v the_o most_o zealous_a for_o his_o interest_n the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n draw_v nigh_o the_o queen_n think_v fit_a to_o remove_v a_o second_o time_n from_o warsaw_n to_o dantzick_n to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n that_o be_v occasion_v by_o her_o presence_n in_o the_o last_o diet_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n prince_n james_n with_o count_n jablonowsky_n general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o party_n of_o the_o emperor_n do_v their_o utmost_a to_o ruin_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o because_o they_o suspect_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o army_n to_o be_v foment_v and_o encourage_v by_o the_o french_a the_o queen_n give_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o crown-general_n to_o endeavour_v to_o break_v off_o their_o confederacy_n and_o thereupon_o a_o new_a negotiation_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o ringleader_n of_o the_o troop_n in_o which_o the_o account_n of_o their_o arrear_n be_v adjust_v between_o their_o own_o deputy_n and_o those_o of_o the_o republic_n and_o all_o other_o point_n be_v so_o far_o settle_v that_o every_o body_n think_v their_o confederacy_n at_o a_o end_n however_o the_o treaty_n break_v off_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o one_o of_o their_o officer_n who_o spread_v in_o the_o army_n that_o the_o crown-general_n have_v declare_v that_o he_o will_v cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o their_o general_n and_o of_o some_o other_o whereupon_o they_o declare_v they_o will_v hearken_v to_o no_o accommodation_n and_o baronowsky_n publish_v a_o manifesto_n contain_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o army_n for_o continue_v in_o this_o confederacy_n and_o resolve_v to_o take_v up_o their_o quarter_n in_o great_a poland_n and_o royal_a prussia_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n at_o leopold_n upon_o examination_n of_o the_o say_v manifesto_n declare_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n adjudge_v it_o a_o act_n of_o rebellion_n and_o publish_a a_o decree_n by_o which_o they_o declare_v the_o confederated_a troop_n rebel_n and_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n this_o declaration_n fright_v most_o of_o the_o troop_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o demand_v another_o conference_n with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o in_o short_a they_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o the_o crown-general_n on_o the_o 11_o of_o may_n 1697_o in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o the_o bernardin_n at_o lemberg_n baronowsky_n mareshal_n of_o the_o confederate_n beg_v pardon_n with_o a_o audible_a voice_n at_o the_o general_n be_v foot_n touch_v the_o footstool_n of_o his_o seat_n with_o his_o forehead_n and_o kiss_v his_o foot_n under_o which_o he_o
that_o capital_a which_o he_o find_v in_o a_o very_a ill_a condition_n and_o therefore_o give_v immediate_a order_n to_o repair_v and_o enlarge_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n in_o the_o king_n name_n send_v out_o circular_a letter_n for_o a_o general_a diet_n to_o meet_v at_o warsaw_n and_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n summon_v another_o to_o meet_v the_o 26_o of_o august_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o party_n who_o choose_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n impower_v their_o ambassador_n to_o agree_v with_o he_o about_o the_o number_n of_o the_o force_n that_o he_o be_v to_o bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n till_o he_o be_v in_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o according_o the_o saxon_a troop_n that_o be_v in_o silesia_n march_v to_o cracow_n and_o encamp_v in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o that_o city_n into_o which_o the_o elector_n make_v his_o entry_n the_o 8_o of_o august_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n with_o all_o immaginable_a demonstration_n of_o joy_n his_o majesty_n go_v direct_o to_o the_o castle_n which_o have_v be_v prepare_v for_o his_o residence_n during_o his_o stay_n at_o lopsow_n and_o call_v a_o great_a council_n at_o which_o most_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n be_v present_a where_o three_o thing_n be_v propose_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o 1._o what_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o diet_n summon_v by_o the_o primate_n to_o meet_v at_o warsaw_n the_o 26_o of_o august_n 2._o how_o to_o pay_v the_o army_n 3._o whether_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n or_o any_o other_o foreign_a prince_n shall_v be_v desire_v or_o accept_v as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o permit_v the_o say_a diet_n to_o meet_v and_o that_o the_o saxon_a force_n shall_v for_o that_o purpose_n march_v towards_o warsaw_n unless_o the_o primate_n and_o his_o adherent_n do_v within_o a_o fortnight_n to_o be_v reckon_v form_n the_o second_o of_o august_n own_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n for_o king_n of_o poland_n 2._o that_o the_o castellan_n of_o culm_n shall_v begin_v to_o pay_v the_o army_n on_o the_o 15_o of_o august_n out_o of_o the_o money_n provide_v by_o the_o king_n order_n 3._o and_o last_o that_o it_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o desire_v to_o accept_v the_o mediation_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n see_v it_o may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o tacit_fw-la concession_n that_o the_o election_n have_v not_o be_v due_o make_v the_o provincial_a diet_n meet_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n in_o order_n to_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o general_n diet_n summon_v by_o the_o primate_n but_o several_a break_v up_o without_o come_v to_o any_o resolution_n and_o some_o other_o as_o that_o of_o warsaw_n resolve_v to_o send_v deputy_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n which_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v perform_v on_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n at_o cracow_n a_o envoy_n of_o the_o czar_n of_o moscovy_n arrive_v at_o cracow_n about_o this_o time_n to_o congratulate_v his_o majesty_n election_n and_o offer_v he_o a_o army_n to_o reduce_v the_o rebel_n to_o his_o obedience_n notwithstanding_o the_o march_n of_o the_o elector_n the_o diet_n call_v by_o the_o primate_n meet_v at_o warsaw_n on_o the_o 26_o be_v compose_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o member_n gain_v by_o the_o french_a money_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v together_o one_o of_o the_o deputy_n protest_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n against_o all_o their_o proceed_n but_o the_o other_o draw_v their_o sabres_fw-es he_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v kill_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v for_o his_o security_n so_o that_o some_o other_o who_o design_v to_o make_v the_o same_o protestation_n hold_v their_o tongue_n and_o leave_v the_o assembly_n this_o irregular_a diet_n have_v choose_v their_o marshal_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o declare_v all_o those_o that_o shall_v join_v with_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n enemy_n of_o their_o country_n and_o that_o their_o estate_n shall_v be_v seize_v and_o confiscate_v they_o enter_v also_o into_o a_o assocation_n engage_v to_o stand_v by_o each_o other_o and_o maintain_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o primate_n it_o be_v resolve_v also_o that_o the_o elector_n shall_v be_v once_o more_o desire_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o upon_o his_o refusal_n prince_n sapieha_n who_o they_o choose_v general_n shall_v march_v to_o cracow_n and_o oblige_v he_o to_o quit_v that_o place_n by_o force_n the_o kingdom_n be_v thus_o threaten_v with_o a_o civil_a war_n a_o great_a many_o nobleman_n be_v for_o a_o new_a election_n which_o give_v some_o hope_n to_o prince_n james_n and_o oblige_v he_o to_o come_v incognito_o to_o gurau_v within_o five_o league_n of_o warsaw_n to_o confer_v with_o some_o of_o his_o most_o intimate_a friend_n but_o they_o see_v no_o liklihood_n of_o succeed_v consider_v the_o animosity_n of_o the_o two_o other_o party_n and_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o have_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o poland_n offer_v his_o medation_n and_o there_o be_v several_a conference_n between_o prince_n lubomirsky_n who_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v appoint_v his_o plenipotentiary_n and_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n the_o french_a faction_n have_v no_o other_o design_n in_o their_o negotiation_n than_o to_o hinder_v or_o at_o least_o delay_v the_o elector_n coronation_n for_o though_o the_o regent_n have_v call_v a_o new_a diet_n to_o meet_v the_o 26_o of_o september_n yet_o the_o saxon_a party_n be_v inform_v that_o the_o primate_n have_v send_v new_a express_v to_o hasten_v the_o prince_n of_o conty_n departure_n from_o france_n that_o he_o may_v arrive_v in_o poland_n before_o that_o day_n this_o and_o the_o violent_a proceed_n of_o the_o primate_n in_o seize_v the_o castle_n of_o warsaw_n and_o turn_v out_o the_o vayvode_n because_o he_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a party_n give_v a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a suspicion_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o adherent_n that_o these_o conference_n be_v only_o a_o amusement_n on_o purpose_n to_o gain_v time_n and_o therefore_o his_o majesty_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o great_a man_n about_o he_o resolve_v to_o proceed_v to_o his_o coronation_n the_o 15_o of_o september_n according_a to_o the_o resolution_n former_o take_v there_o be_v two_o great_a difficulty_n to_o be_v remove_v 1._o the_o cardinal_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n and_o the_o law_n of_o poland_n require_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v bury_v the_o day_n before_o the_o coronation_n of_o his_o successor_n the_o saxon_n be_v mighty_o perplex_v and_o do_v not_o know_v what_o to_o do_v in_o this_o matter_n 2._o the_o regalia_z be_v keep_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n in_o a_o place_n esteem_v sacred_a by_o the_o pole_n under_o four_o lock_n the_o key_n whereof_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o primate_n the_o great_a treasurer_n and_o two_o other_o senator_n that_o the_o same_o may_v not_o be_v open_v but_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o they_o four_o they_o do_v not_o know_v how_o to_o come_v at_o they_o none_o of_o those_o man_n be_v in_o their_o party_n but_o after_o several_a consultation_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o these_o formality_n ought_v not_o to_o prevent_v the_o great_a advantage_n that_o the_o republic_n expect_v from_o his_o majesty_n coronation_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o obsequy_n of_o the_o late_a king_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o representation_n and_o that_o the_o door_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o regalia_z be_v keep_v shall_v be_v break_v open_a in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o some_o other_o great_a men._n this_o resolution_n be_v take_v the_o king_n make_v a_o most_o magnificent_a entry_n into_o cracow_n on_o the_o 13_o of_o september_n which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o long_o to_o recite_v here_o the_o palatine_n bishop_n ambassadors_z and_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v on_o horseback_n most_o rich_o accoutre_v the_o next_o day_n the_o funeral_n of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v perform_v and_o on_o the_o 15_o his_o majesty_n be_v crown_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n assist_v by_o several_a other_o bishop_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o the_o nobility_n among_o who_o be_v the_o crown_n general_n the_o prince_n of_o lubomirsky_n and_o most_o of_o the_o senator_n it_o be_v tedious_a to_o repeat_v here_o the_o ceremony_n practise_v on_o this_o occasion_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o xixth_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n which_o treat_v at_o large_a of_o the_o king_n coronation_n the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o day_n conclude_v with_o a_o great_a entertainment_n with_o
antoninus_n pius_n take_v a_o great_a care_n to_o defend_v the_o empire_n than_o enlarge_v its_o bound_n and_o as_o to_o marcus_n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o compass_n the_o design_n he_o have_v of_o reduce_v sarmatia_n into_o a_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n maximin_n have_v no_o better_a success_n against_o they_o and_o since_o his_o time_n the_o empire_n decline_v apace_o till_o probus_n revive_v their_o spirit_n again_o this_o great_a man_n subdue_v the_o german_n and_o give_v the_o sarmatian_n so_o many_o overthrow_v that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o territory_n they_o have_v usurp_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n they_o be_v again_o defeat_v by_o dioclesian_n and_o constantius_n but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o become_v subject_n to_o the_o roman_n valentinian_n defeat_v they_o some_o time_n after_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v pannoma_n and_o moesia_n and_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n and_o begin_v to_o form_n a_o commonwealth_n under_o lochus_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 550._o they_o have_v preserve_v their_o liberty_n ever_o since_o though_o they_o have_v be_v often_o reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n but_o they_o never_o pay_v tribute_n to_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v true_a that_o their_o king_n michael_n wieznowisky_n have_v the_o weakness_n to_o agree_v to_o pay_v a_o yearly_o tribute_n to_o the_o turk_n but_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n refuse_v to_o ratify_v the_o treaty_n and_o bold_o assert_v their_o right_n and_o liberty_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o john_n sobiesky_n grand_a mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v afterward_o elect_v king_n and_o force_v the_o turk_n to_o renounce_v the_o pretend_a tribute_n that_o michael_n have_v promise_v they_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o brave_a that_o it_o seem_v moral_o impossible_a to_o conquer_v their_o country_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v well_o unite_v and_o the_o surprise_v progress_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o in_o three_o month_n time_n conquer_a almost_o that_o kingdom_n signify_v nothing_o in_o this_o case_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v call_v in_o by_o some_o of_o the_o polander_n themselves_o and_o the_o other_o will_v not_o fight_v for_o their_o king_n the_o precipitate_v retreat_n of_o the_o swede_n when_o the_o pole_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n show_v how_o little_a they_o be_v able_a to_o conquer_v poland_n but_o i_o leave_v off_o this_o subject_a to_o speak_v a_o word_n as_o to_o this_o book_n the_o first_o part_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o king_n of_o their_o diet_n custom_n manner_n ceremony_n religion_n coin_n etc._n etc._n be_v owing_n to_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v reside_v many_o year_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o merit_n as_o well_o as_o character_n can_v better_o inform_v himself_o of_o the_o matter_n he_o treat_v of_o than_o man_n of_o ordinary_a birth_n and_o capacity_n the_o appendix_n contain_v a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o far_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o instrument_n of_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n the_o rise_v progress_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o socinian_o be_v partly_o abstract_v from_o history_n and_o private_a memoires_n of_o person_n that_o may_v be_v depend_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o election_n of_o frederick_n augustus_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o best_a intelligence_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o have_v from_o poland_n consider_v the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o competitor_n be_v state_v and_o relate_v as_o they_o have_v be_v communicate_v by_o the_o eye-witness_n of_o those_o transaction_n the_o content_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n p._n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o poland_n into_o province_n p._n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n with_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o war_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v engage_v with_o they_o p._n 12_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o tartar_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_v their_o original_a division_n of_o their_o country_n manner_n and_o history_n of_o their_o action_n and_o how_o they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n p._n 27_o chap._n v._o of_o ukrania_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o livonian_o p._n 37_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n p._n 76_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n p._n 81_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o general_n p._n 97_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o senate_n a_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n p._n 98_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o palatine_n castellan_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n p._n 107_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n p._n 113_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v not_o senator_n p._n 118_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la p._n 120_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n p._n 124_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o diet_n in_o general_n p._n 128_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n p._n 137_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n p._n 144_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n p._n 147_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n p._n 153_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n p._n 161_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n p._n 164_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 174_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o custom_n humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 184_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o their_o religion_n p._n 191_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n p._n 194_o chap._n xxvi_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n p._n 196_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o diet_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 200_o chap._n xxviii_o their_o way_n of_o travel_v p._n 205_o chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o polish_v money_n p._n 209._o a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o poland_n p._n 212._o a_o panegyrical_n character_n of_o the_o last_o king_n john_n iii_o with_o a_o account_n of_o his_o principal_a action_n and_o death_n p._n 221_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a care_n they_o take_v of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n p._n 223._o the_o form_n of_o king_n casimire_n abdication_n p._n 225._o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o state_n publish_v on_o that_o cecasion_n p._n 228._o the_o rise_n of_o socinianism_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o sect._n p._n 230_o edict_n of_o king_n sigismond_n against_o the_o socinian_o p._n 233._o edict_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n against_o they_o p._n 236._o a_o letter_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o p._n 238._o a_o petition_n of_o the_o socinian_o send_v some_o year_n ago_o into_o england_n represent_v brief_o their_o miserable_a condition_n p._n 248._o where_o now_o settle_a p._n 250._o account_v of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n with_o some_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o late_a king_n and_o a_o short_a character_n of_o the_o several_a candidate_n for_o that_o crown_n p._n 251_o the_o proposal_n make_v by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o master_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n p._n 274._o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la sworn_n to_o by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o warsaw_n p._n 278_o a_o great_a embassy_n appoint_v to_o go_v and_o offer_v the_o crown_n to_o the_o elector_n with_o the_o remarkable_a speech_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n on_o that_o occasion_n p._n 281._o the_o king_n speech_n to_o the_o nobility_n assemble_v to_o congratulate_v he_o p._n 288._o his_o coronation_n p._n 293._o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n arrival_n at_o dantzick_n etc._n etc._n p._n 295_o the_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n poland_n be_v a_o republic_n compose_v of_o two_o estate_n the_o crown_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o crown_n be_v proper_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o in_o the_o
be_v not_o entire_o unite_v to_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o year_n 1501_o by_o albert_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n this_o duchy_n contain_v eight_o palatinate_n viz._n vilnae_n troki_n bressici_fw-la nowogrodeck_n minsk_n mseislaw_n vitepsk_n and_o polosk_n it_o be_v a_o hundred_o league_n long_o and_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o broad_a and_o be_v border_v by_o muscovy_n on_o the_o north_n and_o east_n by_o russia_n and_o volhinia_n on_o the_o south_n and_o by_o samogitia_n prussia_n and_o podlachia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v the_o nieman_n and_o the_o dzwina_n the_o province_n of_o russia_n which_o be_v unite_v to_o poland_n by_o king_n casimir_n the_o great_a anno_fw-la 1341_o be_v border_v by_o lithuania_n on_o the_o north_n and_o by_o the_o mountain_n of_o hungary_n and_o transilvania_n on_o the_o south_n it_o have_v upper_a volhinia_n and_o upper_a podolia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o little_a poland_n on_o the_o west_n it_o contain_v three_o palatinate_n leopold_n chelm_fw-ge and_o belch_n the_o principal_a river_n that_o run_v through_o it_o be_v the_o bugg_n bokutia_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o leopold_n be_v a_o small_a country_n border_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o niester_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n it_o be_v sell_v to_o poland_n with_o the_o town_n of_o sniatyn_n and_o kolomey_n upon_o the_o river_n prut_fw-mi by_o alexander_n palatin_n of_o valachia_n for_o 500_o ounce_n of_o silver_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o pokutia_n be_v halioz_n on_o the_o niester_n whither_o lewis_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n transfer_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o leopold_n anno_fw-la 1375_o with_o a_o design_n to_o join_v russia_n podâ—lia_n and_o pokutia_n to_o hungary_n because_o of_o their_o sertility_n but_o the_o whole_a polish_v nobility_n take_v up_o arm_n to_o oppose_v that_o enterprise_n and_o make_v so_o much_o noise_n about_o it_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o the_o archbishopric_n be_v restore_v to_o leopold_n prussia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o balâ—â—k_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n with_o great_a poland_n and_o masâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d the_o east_n with_o lithuania_n and_o on_o the_o west_n 〈…〉_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v long_a 〈◊〉_d with_o a_o cruel_a and_o bloody_a war_n about_o the_o procession_n of_o this_o province_n for_o when_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o syria_n by_o the_o saracen_n they_o be_v receive_v by_o conrade_n duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o brother_n to_o lescus_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o find_v himself_o unable_a to_o defend_v his_o country_n against_o the_o continual_a incursion_n of_o the_o idolatrous_a prussian_n call_v in_o those_o knight_n to_o his_o assistance_n in_o the_o year_n 1228_o promise_v they_o half_o of_o what_o they_o can_v conquer_v in_o prussia_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n put_v they_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o province_n of_o culm_n till_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o country_n this_o be_v the_o fatal_a spring_n of_o all_o the_o difference_n which_o engage_v poland_n in_o a_o war_n that_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o so_o obstinate_a a_o fury_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n grow_v at_o last_o so_o formidable_a to_o their_o neighbour_n and_o by_o successive_a victory_n raise_v their_o power_n to_o such_o a_o height_n that_o after_o they_o have_v subdue_v all_o prussia_n they_o give_v many_o battle_n to_o the_o polander_n who_o can_v never_o utter_o expel_v they_o though_o they_o sometime_o obtain_v considerable_a victory_n over_o they_o as_o in_o the_o battle_n which_o jagillon_n fight_v against_o grunwald_n and_o tanneberg_n in_o the_o year_n 1400._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o teutonick_n knight_n be_v so_o proud_a of_o their_o new_a conquest_n that_o forget_v their_o original_a and_o scorn_v the_o humble_a and_o samiliar_a name_n of_o brother_n with_o which_o their_o religious_a constitution_n oblige_v they_o to_o content_v themselves_o they_o begin_v open_o to_o claim_v the_o title_n of_o lord_n notwithstanding_o the_o pious_a zeal_n of_o their_o great_a master_n vlric_n who_o endeavour_v to_o oppose_v so_o scandalous_a a_o innovation_n and_o though_o they_o be_v frequent_o beat_v by_o the_o polander_n they_o cease_v not_o to_o continue_v the_o war_n because_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o austrian_a family_n can_v never_o endure_v that_o the_o polander_n shall_v recover_v prussia_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a instance_n when_o sigismond_n k._n of_o poland_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o diet_n at_o augsburg_n anno_fw-la 1530_o to_o justify_v his_o pretension_n to_o that_o province_n the_o difference_n be_v adjust_v in_o favour_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o execution_n of_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v_n the_o resolution_n of_o the_o diet_n take_v no_o effect_n these_o knight_n assume_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o independent_a authority_n that_o they_o will_v not_o submit_v even_o to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o pope_n for_o locticus_n king_n of_o poland_n have_v send_v to_o avignon_n to_o complain_v that_o these_o military_a friar_n have_v usurp_v one_o of_o his_o province_n the_o pope_n order_v they_o to_o restore_v it_o upon_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n but_o they_o have_v so_o little_a regard_n to_o his_o menace_n that_o they_o refuse_v positive_o to_o quit_v their_o possession_n under_o the_o same_o loctâ—us_a the_o chancellor_n of_o pomerania_n a_o factious_a man_n and_o a_o secret_a enemy_n to_o his_o sovereign_n plot_v to_o deliver_v up_o that_o province_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n but_o he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v in_o prison_n before_o he_o can_v execute_v his_o treacherous_a design_n nevertheless_o the_o king_n pardon_v he_o at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o brother_n however_o it_o seem_v the_o affront_n he_o think_v he_o have_v receive_v make_v a_o strong_a impression_n upon_o he_o than_o the_o spare_n of_o his_o life_n for_o not_o long_o after_o he_o put_v several_a town_n of_o pomerania_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o city_n of_o danâ—â—c_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n one_o bâ—â—â—sia_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o citadel_n of_o daâ—tzâ—c_n for_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n defend_v that_o place_n and_o acquaint_v his_o master_n with_o the_o present_a exigency_n of_o his_o affair_n but_o before_o the_o polanâ—â—_n can_v come_v up_o to_o his_o assistance_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o call_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d knight_n allow_v they_o half_o the_o government_n of_o the_o ciradel_n of_o dartzie_n provide_v they_o will_v defend_v it_o entire_o a_o whole_a year_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o citadel_n be_v not_o only_o preserve_v but_o the_o town_n itself_o be_v retake_v but_o the_o polander_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o boast_v of_o that_o success_n for_o their_o pretend_a friend_n be_v so_o far_o from_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o promise_a reward_n of_o their_o service_n that_o they_o resolve_v to_o make_v themselves_o the_o sole_a master_n of_o the_o citadel_n notwithstanding_o the_o repeat_v remonstrance_n of_o bogusta_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o faithful_a polander_n and_o this_o open_a violation_n of_o a_o solemn_a treaty_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o bloody_a war_n which_o create_v so_o implacable_a a_o animosity_n betwixt_o the_o polander_n and_o their_o encroach_a neighbour_n that_o the_o least_o pretence_n be_v sufficient_a to_o rekindle_v the_o flame_n and_o afterward_o when_o casimir_n the_o grandson_n of_o locticus_n renew_v his_o complaint_n against_o they_o and_o prevail_v with_o the_o pope_n to_o excommunicate_v they_o if_o they_o will_v not_o restore_v that_o usurp_a province_n they_o slight_v both_o he_o and_o his_o excommunication_n but_o at_o last_o by_o the_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v betwixt_o casimir_n and_o the_o order_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o the_o great_a master_n shall_v be_v acknowledge_v as_o a_o prince_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o republic_n under_o the_o protection_n and_o dominion_n of_o poland_n some_o time_n after_o the_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n call_v the_o royal_a and_o ducal_z prussia_n albert_n of_o brandenburg_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n have_v turn_v lutheran_n and_o be_v marry_v fix_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o province_n and_o sigismond_n yield_v up_o to_o he_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v remain_v a_o vassal_n to_o poland_n and_o by_o the_o peace_n of_o oliva_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1660_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n be_v final_o yield_v up_o to_o the_o elector_n of_o brendâ—â—â—ing_n thus_o at_o present_a it_o
of_o england_n expect_v the_o issue_n either_o of_o a_o peace_n or_o of_o a_o battle_n soon_o after_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v with_o the_o turk_n of_o which_o the_o king_n immediate_o send_v a_o account_n to_o prince_n michael_n of_o radziwill_n order_v he_o to_o communicate_v the_o news_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o the_o queen_n who_o remain_v at_o janowiecs_n upon_o the_o vistula_n over_o against_o casimir_n by_o this_o peace_n the_o polander_n yield_v up_o podolia_n and_o vkrania_n which_o be_v the_o best_a country_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o dominion_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o fat_a and_o fertile_a that_o they_o never_o dung_n it_o and_o though_o they_o sow_v it_o but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n it_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a harvest_n of_o corn_n every_o year_n asparagus_n grow_v in_o the_o untilled_a field_n and_o the_o forest_n be_v full_a of_o tree_n which_o bear_v excellent_a fruit._n and_o beside_o the_o loss_n of_o vkrania_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o considerable_a because_o it_o produce_v abundance_n of_o salt-petre_a to_o make_v powder_n which_o the_o polander_n stand_v more_o in_o need_n of_o than_o any_o other_o nation_n because_o their_o country_n lie_v open_a on_o all_o side_n and_o by_o consequence_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o incursion_n of_o many_o enemy_n this_o be_v the_o last_o and_o the_o great_a loss_n that_o poland_n have_v sustain_v in_o its_o war_n with_o the_o port_n so_o that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v now_o bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o black_a russia_n as_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v a_o irreconcilable_a aversion_n to_o the_o polander_n because_o of_o the_o great_a difference_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o make_v they_o look_v upon_o one_o another_o as_o beast_n the_o moscovite_n be_v no_o less_o enemy_n to_o the_o republic_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n or_o rather_o contrariety_n both_o of_o their_o inclination_n and_o religion_n for_o all_o the_o moscovite_n be_v schismatical_a greek_n and_o the_o polander_n be_v general_o roman-catholic_n in_o the_o last_o war_n that_o be_v kind_a i_o will_v betwixt_o these_o nation_n the_o muscovite_n take_v from_o the_o polander_n the_o dutchy_n or_o palatinate_n of_o smolensko_n siberia_n and_o czernichowia_fw-la which_o belong_v to_o lithuania_n beside_o that_o of_o kiowia_fw-la the_o poslession_n of_o which_o be_v only_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o a_o truce_n and_o not_o by_o any_o treaty_n of_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o polander_n may_v one_o day_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v these_o province_n but_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o condition_n to_o make_v good_a their_o pretension_n that_o they_o prolong_v the_o truce_n with_o the_o muscovite_n from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n and_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o nation_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o polander_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o muscovite_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o french_a in_o regard_n to_o the_o spaniard_n for_o as_o the_o spaniard_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o french_a in_o the_o field_n the_o polander_n have_v the_o same_o advantage_n over_o the_o muscovite_n when_o they_o be_v not_o entrench_v even_o though_o their_o army_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n as_o nature_n have_v give_v the_o latter_a less_o courage_n she_o have_v make_v they_o superior_a to_o the_o other_o in_o subtlety_n and_o cunning._n i_o may_v allege_v several_a instance_n to_o confirm_v and_o illustrate_v this_o truth_n but_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1581._o king_n steven_n battori_n have_v reduce_v the_o muscovite_n to_o such_o a_o straight_o that_o they_o solicit_v he_o for_o a_o peace_n which_o not_o be_v able_a to_o obtain_v of_o that_o prince_n upon_o the_o condition_n they_o desire_v they_o entreat_v the_o pope_n to_o intercede_v in_o their_o behalf_n so_o true_a it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o artifices_fw-la and_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n which_o they_o can_v execute_v by_o force_n for_o though_o as_o i_o intimate_v before_o they_o be_v all_o schismatical_a greek_n and_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o their_o church_n yet_o in_o their_o necessity_n they_o scruple_v not_o to_o implore_v his_o assistance_n and_o even_o give_v he_o some_o reason_n to_o hope_v that_o they_o may_v be_v prevail_v with_o to_o embrace_v the_o catholic_n faith_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pope_n give_v so_o much_o credit_n to_o their_o insinuation_n that_o he_o immediate_o dispatch_v anthony_n possevin_n to_o muscovy_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n receive_v he_o with_o so_o many_o mark_n of_o a_o sincere_a affection_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v real_o resolve_v to_o become_v a_o convert_n but_o this_o be_v only_o a_o artifice_n to_o amuse_v the_o pope_n that_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o nuncio_n he_o may_v obtain_v either_o a_o peace_n or_o a_o truce_n as_o he_o real_o do_v for_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o advantage_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v over_o the_o muscovite_n he_o grant_v they_o a_o truce_n for_o ten_o year_n and_o restore_v all_o that_o he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n yield_v up_o to_o he_o at_o the_o same_o time_n all_o that_o he_o possess_v in_o livonia_n but_o it_o will_v not_o appear_v so_o surprise_v that_o the_o muscovite_n shall_v solicit_v the_o mediation_n of_o the_o pope_n if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o scandalous_a method_n they_o take_v to_o beg_v the_o grand_a signior_n assistance_n against_o vladislaus_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n during_o the_o war_n in_o which_o they_o be_v engage_v with_o that_o prince_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n anno_fw-la 1633._o during_o my_o long_a abode_n in_o lithuania_n which_o border_n upon_o muscovy_n i_o be_v confirm_v in_o my_o former_a opinion_n concern_v the_o artificial_a conduct_n of_o the_o muscovite_n by_o the_o many_o instance_n which_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n relate_v of_o the_o ungenerous_a subtlety_n of_o their_o troublesome_a neighbour_n i_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o muscovite_n never_o invade_v poland_n but_o when_o they_o see_v it_o engage_v in_o other_o war_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n employ_v elsewhere_o the_o muscovite_n have_v entertain_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o the_o polander_n after_o the_o treaty_n conclude_v with_o king_n vladislaus_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1634._o by_o which_o they_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o the_o dutchy_n of_o siberia_n and_o czernichovia_n with_o all_o the_o land_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o mile_n beyond_o those_o country_n yet_o contrary_a to_o the_o express_a article_n of_o a_o treaty_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o firm_o establish_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v of_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o swede_n into_o poland_n in_o 1655._o they_o enter_v into_o lithuania_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 60000_o man_n and_o take_v the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o vilna_n but_o though_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o conduct_v of_o the_o muscovite_n with_o respect_n to_o their_o neighbour_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o spaniard_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o their_o temper_n and_o character_n be_v very_o different_a for_o the_o spaniard_n be_v civil_a and_o humane_a and_o the_o muscovite_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v general_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a and_o extreme_o cruel_a as_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n king_n john_n casimir_n have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n march_v into_o lithuania_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o retake_v the_o city_n of_o vilna_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n but_o the_o castle_n make_v a_o obstinate_a defence_n because_o the_o muscovite_n who_o command_v in_o it_o be_v so_o cruel_a that_o no_o man_n dare_v talk_v of_o surrender_v nevertheless_o this_o be_v not_o the_o most_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o his_o cruelty_n for_o he_o order_v one_o of_o his_o prisoner_n who_o be_v a_o priest_n to_o be_v put_v into_o a_o great_a mortar_n and_o shoot_v into_o the_o air_n as_o a_o bomb._n however_o the_o castle_n be_v at_o last_o reduce_v by_o mean_n of_o some_o foreign_a officer_n who_o find_v themselves_o press_v by_o the_o polander_n and_o fear_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v no_o capitulation_n allow_v they_o seize_v the_o governor_n and_o put_v he_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o cause_v his_o head_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o because_o of_o his_o cruelty_n to_o the_o priest_n and_o when_o they_o want_v a_o hangman_n to_o perform_v the_o execution_n his_o own_o cook_n offer_v to_o do_v it_o with_o his_o chopping-knife_n add_v that_o he_o be_v
glad_a of_o such_o a_o opportunity_n to_o be_v revenge_v for_o the_o ill_a usage_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o according_o he_o cut_v off_o his_o master_n head_n upon_o a_o log_n of_o wood_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o beef_n and_o be_v force_v to_o give_v he_o several_a slash_n before_o he_o can_v entire_o separate_v his_o head_n from_o his_o body_n stephen_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o polotta_n in_o muscovy_n anno_fw-la 1579._o and_o after_o a_o most_o vigorous_a resistance_n the_o besiege_a find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o hold_v out_o long_o offer_v to_o surrender_v the_o place_n the_o capitulation_n be_v at_o last_o agree_v upon_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o inhabitant_n except_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o governor_n who_o continual_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o the_o burgher_n to_o make_v a_o obstinate_a defence_n represent_v to_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v more_o honourable_a to_o die_v in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o prince_n than_o to_o save_v their_o life_n by_o a_o ignominious_a treaty_n and_o indeed_o neither_o the_o bishop_n nor_o the_o governor_n will_v sign_v the_o capitulation_n but_o retire_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n sophia_n whence_o steven_n battori_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v forth_o and_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o treasurer_n of_o lithuania_n when_o the_o polish_v garrison_n enter_v the_o town_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o to_o receive_v the_o store_n and_o ammunition_n according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n they_o be_v surprise_v to_o behold_v so_o many_o mark_n of_o a_o horrible_a and_o brutish_a cruelty_n which_o the_o muscovite_n have_v practise_v on_o the_o polish_v prisoner_n they_o find_v some_o of_o they_o most_o barbarous_o tear_v in_o piece_n some_o half_a boil_a in_o great_a kettle_n with_o their_o hand_n tie_v behind_o their_o back_n and_o other_o who_o have_v be_v miserable_o butcher_v by_o rip_v up_o their_o belly_n the_o polander_n be_v so_o transport_v with_o rage_n and_o indignation_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o such_o a_o dismal_a scene_n of_o horror_n that_o they_o will_v have_v revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o countryman_n upon_o the_o whole_a muscovitish_a garrison_n but_o king_n stephen_n generous_o consider_v that_o no_o provocation_n can_v excuse_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o solemn_a treaty_n restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o send_v the_o muscovite_n back_o to_o their_o own_o country_n under_o the_o convoy_n of_o two_o troop_n of_o horse_n i_o can_v easy_o produce_v many_o other_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v natural_o cruel_a i_o return_v now_o to_o that_o memorable_a irruption_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v into_o poland_n with_o so_o much_o violence_n and_o success_n that_o king_n john_n casimir_n and_o his_o queen_n lovise_n mary_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o retire_v into_o silesia_n for_o almost_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v abandon_v they_o and_o follow_v the_o rapidity_n of_o the_o conqueror_n fortune_n but_o the_o polander_n afterward_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o fault_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o forsake_v their_o king_n and_o those_o who_o have_v still_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o resume_v fresh_a courage_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o general_n czarneski_n they_o by_o degree_n expel_v the_o swede_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o three_o day_n thus_o the_o kingdom_n be_v reconquer_v and_o the_o swede_n be_v oblige_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n prince_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o be_v jealous_a of_o a_o neighbour_a conqueror_n that_o they_o be_v even_o willing_a to_o assist_v a_o former_a enemy_n against_o the_o unequal_a force_n of_o a_o ambitious_a and_o successful_a invader_n for_o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o polander_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n who_o have_v besiege_v leopold_n the_o muscovite_n who_o have_v also_o invade_v lithuania_n immediate_o quit_v that_o duchy_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o swede_n in_o livonia_n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o diversion_n and_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v natural_o enemy_n to_o all_o christian_n and_o in_o a_o particular_a manner_n to_o the_o polish_v nation_n not_o only_o send_v a_o potent_a army_n to_o assist_v the_o k._n of_o poland_n but_o force_v the_o cossack_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o leopold_n and_o to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o induce_v the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o tartar_n to_o succour_v the_o polander_n oblige_v the_o emperor_n also_o to_o send_v they_o some_o troop_n but_o he_o make_v they_o pay_v dear_a for_o his_o assistance_n for_o the_o saltwork_n be_v mortgage_v to_o he_o for_o some_o year_n he_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o be_v make_v and_o export_v that_o the_o work_n be_v almost_o ruin_v nor_o be_v the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n the_o only_a troublesome_a neighbour_n to_o poland_n for_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a relation_n that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n owe_v to_o the_o german_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n king_n of_o poland_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n who_o be_v master_n of_o prussia_n and_o have_v raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n of_o polander_n lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o overpower_v his_o enemy_n and_o to_o expel_v they_o utter_o out_o of_o his_o dominion_n when_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n desire_v he_o to_o refer_v the_o difference_n that_o occasion_v the_o war_n to_o his_o arbitration_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o grant_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n a_o truce_n for_o two_o year_n jagellon_n accept_v the_o offer_n and_o disband_v his_o army_n but_o since_o the_o emperor_n design_v only_o to_o gain_v time_n that_o the_o knight_n may_v be_v able_a to_o put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o desence_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v care_n to_o adjust_a these_o difference_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a the_o polander_n be_v divide_v fear_v that_o after_o they_o have_v drive_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o will_v make_v a_o vigorous_a attempt_n to_o retake_v silesia_n which_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v late_o usurp_v king_n jagellon_n perceive_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v disappoint_v he_o send_v to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o it_o seem_v sigismond_n have_v either_o forget_v or_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o remember_v the_o service_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v do_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 1414_o when_o they_o oblige_v the_o turk_n to_o restore_v all_o the_o prisoner_n they_o have_v take_v and_o to_o grant_v he_o a_o truce_n for_o six_o year_n and_o that_o jagellon_fw-mi not_o only_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n which_o the_o revolt_a hussites_n have_v offer_v he_o but_o exhort_v they_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o their_o prince_n thus_o without_o consider_v those_o important_a service_n and_o without_o examine_v the_o matter_n he_o give_v judgement_n against_o the_o polander_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n which_o so_o incense_v king_n jagellon_n that_o he_o dispatch_v one_o immediate_o to_o reproach_v he_o with_o his_o ingratitude_n and_o injustice_n and_o to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o renounce_v his_o friendship_n whereupon_o sigismond_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o by_o pretend_v that_o he_o be_v impose_v upon_o by_o the_o knight_n though_o the_o emperor_n know_v that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v just_a cause_n to_o be_v angry_a with_o he_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o seem_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o resentment_n that_o he_o go_v as_o far_o as_o luceoria_n to_o see_v he_o and_o his_o uncle_n vitold_v pretend_v a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o they_o though_o his_o real_a design_n be_v to_o divide_v '_o they_o he_o know_v that_o the_o latter_a be_v a_o violent_a and_o ambitious_a prince_n and_o that_o his_o nephew_n have_v entrust_v he_o with_o a_o very_a great_a authority_n in_o lithuania_n and_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o opportunity_n to_o corrupt_v his_o fidelity_n and_o inspire_v he_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o revolt_v he_o insinuate_v that_o a_o prince_n of_o so_o much_o merit_n ought_v not_o to_o depend_v â—pon_o his_o nephew_n but_o to_o think_v how_o
war_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n and_o give_v they_o also_o occasion_n to_o make_v frequent_a inroad_n into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1614_o the_o cossack_n make_v such_o great_a and_o successful_a incursion_n as_o far_o as_o asia_n minor_a that_o they_o take_v the_o city_n of_o sinope_n upon_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o strike_v a_o terror_n into_o constantinople_n for_o they_o be_v so_o brave_a a_o people_n that_o in_o the_o war_n betwixt_o sigismond_n iii_n and_o osman_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n anno_fw-la 1620_o four_o hundred_o of_o they_o who_o come_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o polish_v army_n careless_o straggle_v at_o a_o considerable_a distance_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o force_n be_v attack_v by_o osman_n whole_a army_n with_o which_o they_o fight_v three_o day_n and_o defend_v themselves_o with_o such_o incredible_a valour_n that_o the_o turk_n lose_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n before_o they_o can_v force_v they_o to_o submit_v and_o after_o they_o be_v beat_v the_o ottoman_a army_n which_o be_v very_o formidable_a design_v to_o hinder_v the_o other_o cossack_n from_o join_v the_o polander_n attack_v they_o in_o their_o passage_n but_o after_o a_o fight_n that_o last_v eight_o whole_a day_n they_o join_v the_o polish_v army_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o opposition_n of_o so_o numerous_a a_o army_n and_o in_o a_o word_n they_o do_v wonder_n that_o campaign_n but_o after_o the_o christian_n have_v gain_v the_o battle_n they_o threaten_v to_o leave_v the_o army_n because_o they_o want_v bread_n whereupon_o prince_n vladislaus_n who_o command_v the_o army_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n appease_v they_o with_o a_o promise_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o livre_n which_o so_o encourage_v they_o that_o they_o steal_v secret_o from_o the_o polish_v army_n and_o attack_v and_o take_v the_o baggage_n of_o the_o turk_n the_o chief_a reason_n why_o osman_n declare_v war_n against_o poland_n be_v because_o the_o polander_n do_v not_o restrain_v the_o cossack_n from_o make_v incursion_n into_o his_o dominion_n it_o be_v true_a king_n sigismond_n be_v so_o unwilling_a to_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o grand_a signior_n that_o he_o do_v all_o that_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n to_o oblige_v the_o cossack_n to_o give_v over_o their_o piracy_n upon_o the_o black_a sea_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v themselves_o restrain_v from_o pillage_n they_o turn_v their_o arm_n against_o the_o christian_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o russia_n where_o they_o be_v total_o rout_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o ostrog_n after_o which_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o nalevaik_n a_o man_n of_o mean_a birth_n but_o of_o a_o intrepid_a fierceness_n they_o invade_v the_o frontier_n of_o russia_n a_o second_o time_n and_o march_v against_o the_o polander_n over_o who_o they_o obtain_v some_o advantage_n in_o the_o beginning_n but_o at_o last_o they_o be_v rout_v and_o their_o leader_n take_v and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o warsaw_n where_o he_o be_v behead_v thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n iii_n that_o the_o cossack_n begin_v to_o revolt_v but_o this_o sedition_n be_v so_o happy_o quiet_v that_o afterward_o they_o do_v very_o considerable_a service_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n anno_fw-la 1620_o as_o i_o intimate_v before_o after_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v between_o poland_n and_o the_o port_n the_o cossack_n not_o be_v able_a to_o give_v over_o their_o wont_a piracy_n embark_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n in_o the_o year_n 1624._o and_o go_v to_o the_o very_a suburb_n of_o constantinople_n from_o whence_o they_o carry_v away_o a_o great_a booty_n the_o next_o year_n they_o enter_v the_o crim_n without_o king_n sigismund_n leave_n of_o which_o the_o grand_a signior_n complain_v to_o the_o republic_n as_o a_o infraction_n of_o the_o treaty_n conclude_v with_o the_o port_n and_o from_o that_o time_n general_n koniesspolski_n begin_v to_o restrain_v they_o from_o make_v incursion_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o turk_n the_o cossack_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v such_o a_o constraint_n revolt_v a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1630_o at_o the_o solicitation_n of_o a_o monk_n of_o kiowia_fw-la and_o defeat_v some_o of_o king_n sigismund_n troop_n but_o general_n koniecspolski_n surprise_v they_o near_o pereaslaw_n a_o little_a city_n in_o lower_n volhiniv_n upon_o the_o river_n trubiecz_n about_o three_o league_n above_o the_o place_n where_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o after_o he_o have_v defeat_v part_n of_o their_o army_n the_o rest_n promise_v to_o send_v the_o author_n of_o the_o revolt_n to_o the_o approach_a diet_n vladislaus_n iv_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1633_o resolve_v to_o suppress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o build_v fort_n kudack_n upon_o the_o boristhenes_n about_o five_o league_n below_o the_o place_n where_o the_o river_n samara_n discharge_v itself_o into_o that_o river_n but_o as_o a_o dam_n that_o be_v build_v across_o a_o great_a river_n to_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o its_o water_n serve_v only_o to_o spread_v they_o through_o the_o neighbourhood_n so_o the_o erect_n of_o fort_n kudack_n instead_o of_o restrain_v the_o cossack_n from_o make_v incursion_n upon_o the_o infidel_n serve_v only_o to_o turn_v their_o fury_n against_o the_o polander_n and_o prove_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o new_a revolt_n king_n vladislaus_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o disorder_n they_o commit_v send_v general_n potoski_n to_o reduce_v they_o who_o have_v oblige_v they_o to_o deliver_v up_o pauluc_n who_o be_v their_o leader_n with_o the_o other_o officer_n he_o send_v they_o all_o to_o warsaw_n where_o pauluâ—_n be_v behead_v in_o the_o year_n 1638_o which_o so_o enrage_v the_o cossack_n that_o they_o take_v up_o arm_n immediate_o under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o demetrius_n timoszevit_n but_o they_o be_v quick_o oblige_v to_o submit_v partly_o by_o force_n and_o partly_o by_o promise_n in_o the_o winter_n they_o cover_v their_o body_n with_o rough_a sheepskin_n and_o be_v so_o hardy_a that_o they_o endure_v hunger_n thirst_v wind_n rain_n heat_v cold_a and_o all_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n with_o much_o less_o trouble_n than_o any_o other_o people_n when_o they_o make_v incursion_n upon_o the_o black_a sea_n they_o do_v not_o use_n boat_n or_o vessel_n like_o other_o pirate_n but_o the_o large_a hollow_a trunk_n of_o a_o certain_a tree_n about_o sixty_o foot_n long_o into_o each_o of_o these_o trunk_n they_o put_v fifty_o man_n arm_v not_o with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n like_o the_o tartar_n but_o with_o musket_n with_o which_o they_o shoot_v so_o just_a that_o they_o seldom_o miss_v the_o mark._n when_o they_o embark_v upon_o any_o expedition_n they_o prohibit_v under_o severe_a penalty_n the_o take_n in_o of_o any_o intoxicate_a liquor_n lest_o drunkenness_n shall_v enervate_v they_o and_o so_o render_v they_o incapable_a of_o put_v their_o design_n in_o execution_n when_o they_o encamp_v they_o do_v not_o raise_v trench_n but_o place_v their_o cart_n round_o they_o and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o enclosure_n which_o they_o call_v tabor_n they_o defend_v themselves_o with_o a_o incredible_a obstinacy_n their_o troop_n be_v divide_v into_o regiment_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o thousand_o man_n each_o so_o that_o they_o have_v very_o few_o officer_n in_o which_o they_o differ_v very_o much_o from_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v general_o persuade_v that_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v in_o the_o multitude_n of_o officer_n one_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o revolt_n be_v the_o change_n of_o religion_n which_o the_o lord_n of_o poland_n will_v have_v introduce_v into_o vkrania_n and_o russia_n where_o all_o the_o people_n adhere_v to_o the_o greek_a church_n for_o the_o polander_n find_v that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v prevail_v with_o to_o embrace_v the_o romish_a religion_n have_v recourse_n to_o violent_a method_n and_o so_o force_v they_o to_o exchange_v their_o custom_n and_o the_o grecian_a ceremony_n for_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o to_o receive_v the_o reformation_n of_o the_o calendar_n which_o be_v make_v by_o gregory_n xiii_o but_o the_o russiant_a not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v such_o a_o innovation_n and_o disdain_v to_o bear_v the_o yoke_n that_o be_v impose_v on_o they_o the_o more_o they_o be_v press_v to_o submit_v to_o it_o the_o more_o vehement_o they_o complain_v against_o and_o threaten_v those_o who_o will_v have_v compel_v they_o to_o receive_v a_o alteration_n to_o which_o they_o have_v so_o strong_a and_o so_o natural_a a_o aversion_n at_o last_o they_o resolve_v to_o call_v in_o the_o cossack_n who_o be_v all_o of_o their_o own_o religion_n this_o difference_n in_o religion_n occasion_v such_o a_o implacable_a animosity_n betwixt_o the_o polander_n and_o
that_o island_n because_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n wall_v round_o with_o very_o large_a reed_n no_o galley_n nor_o vessel_n of_o any_o considerable_a bulk_n can_v get_v thither_o they_o want_v for_o nothing_o though_o they_o never_o sow_v nor_o reap_v several_a palatine_n supply_v they_o with_o money_n and_o the_o province_n they_o inhabit_v and_o which_o they_o guard_v furnish_v they_o with_o necessary_n they_o be_v all_o gentleman_n but_o either_o of_o very_o slender_a fortune_n young_a brother_n or_o such_o as_o have_v no_o share_n of_o the_o inheritance_n as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n order_v it_o they_o be_v common_o divide_v into_o troop_n of_o 120_o when_o they_o guard_v the_o frontier_n beside_o their_o servant_n that_o follow_v in_o the_o like_a number_n and_o who_o alight_v if_o their_o master_n horse_n be_v disable_v they_o fight_v cover_v with_o sheepskin_n stuff_v so_o as_o to_o be_v lance_n and_o javelin_n proof_n their_o arm_n be_v pistol_n and_o carbine_n and_o seymitar_n that_o hang_v at_o their_o girdle_n fasten_v with_o a_o gild_a chain_n in_o the_o fight_n they_o always_o ride_v to_o and_o fro_o as_o if_o they_o design_v to_o attack_v the_o enemy_n on_o diverse_a side_n and_o thus_o rout_n they_o the_o more_o easy_o the_o foe_n not_o be_v able_a to_o know_v on_o which_o side_n they_o be_v like_a to_o be_v most_o press_v they_o use_v kettledrum_n but_o never_o trumpet_n unless_o before_o their_o general_n who_o they_o choose_v among_o themselves_o and_o who_o use_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n their_o czaiki_n or_o hollow_a trunk_n of_o tree_n which_o they_o use_v to_o make_v incursion_n be_v not_o altogether_o unlike_a the_o canoe_n which_o the_o indian_n use_n they_o be_v cover_v with_o ox-hides_a with_o holes_n for_o as_o many_o man_n as_o each_o canoe_n will_v carry_v common_o 40_o or_o 50_o and_o they_o fasten_v those_o hide_n so_o to_o their_o body_n with_o piece_n of_o leather_n 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controversy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o arm_n in_o public_a this_o be_v their_o way_n of_o live_v then_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o altogether_o abolish_v in_o some_o place_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n prince_n and_o then_o king_n be_v bring_v in_o among_o they_o yet_o with_o a_o more_o limit_a authority_n than_o in_o other_o country_n and_o after_o a_o elective_a manner_n as_o for_o law_n king_n casimir_n introduce_v the_o teutonick_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1368._o and_o establish_v a_o sovereign_a court_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o kingdom_n for_o poland_n be_v then_o of_o a_o far_o great_a extent_n than_o it_o be_v now_o so_o that_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o great_a state_n whereas_o at_o this_o time_n it_o may_v be_v almost_o call_v a_o frontier_n town_n since_o it_o be_v but_o twelve_o league_n from_o thence_o to_o silesia_n which_o be_v then_o a_o province_n of_o 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that_o name_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v it_o look_v upon_o their_o king_n as_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o head_n of_o their_o common_a wealth_n this_o make_v they_o lessen_v the_o king_n authority_n more_o and_o more_o when_o a_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v elect_v still_o enlarge_a their_o own_o privilege_n and_o take_v care_n that_o his_o prerogative_n may_v not_o grow_v too_o great_a they_o be_v indeed_o so_o jealous_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o so_o afraid_a of_o lose_v it_o that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n upon_o the_o frontier_n for_o fear_v the_o king_n shall_v put_v a_o garrison_n in_o it_o and_o so_o shall_v make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n by_o degree_n that_o sentiment_n be_v so_o strong_o root_v within_o their_o heart_n that_o they_o prepossess_v their_o child_n with_o it_o betimes_o make_v they_o believe_v that_o their_o native_a freedom_n will_v soon_o be_v lose_v if_o ever_o they_o suffer_v any_o town_n to_o be_v fortify_v upon_o the_o frontier_n but_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o while_o they_o design_v to_o shun_v a_o great_a evil_n they_o fall_v into_o another_o that_o be_v worse_a since_o their_o neighbour_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o their_o enemy_n find_v the_o country_n open_a easy_o invade_v it_o and_o from_o time_n to_o time_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o some_o part_n of_o their_o state_n before_o the_o polander_n can_v be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o oppose_v their_o eruption_n as_o the_o swede_n do_v which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n thus_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o privilege_n be_v joint_o hold_v by_o those_o three_o order_n insomuch_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n make_v nor_o abrogate_a no_o war_n levy_v no_o alliance_n conclude_v with_o foreigner_n no_o imposition_n lay_v 〈◊〉_d nor_o no_o money_n coin_a but_o with_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n or_o of_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v depute_v for_o that_o end_n therefore_o some_o of_o these_o be_v always_o near_o the_o king_n person_n in_o order_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n the_o king_n dispose_v of_o all_o the_o consistorial_n benefice_n and_o of_o many_o other_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o office_n and_o place_n of_o profit_n in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o he_o can_v keep_v they_o to_o himself_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o not_o upon_o foreigner_n though_o they_o have_v never_o so_o much_o personal_a merit_n or_o have_v do_v never_o so_o much_o service_n to_o the_o republic_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v so_o jealous_a of_o foreigner_n that_o they_o can_v endure_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v make_v they_o any_o connderable_a gratification_n as_o for_o instance_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n batori_n the_o hungarian_n have_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o republic_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n now_o that_o brave_a prince_n who_o have_v invite_v many_o of_o they_o into_o poland_n to_o repel_v that_o encroach_a enemy_n with_o their_o assistance_n think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o bestow_v some_o suitable_a reward_n upon_o they_o but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o do_v this_o but_o that_o several_a of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o poland_n be_v strange_o exasperate_v particular_o the_o great_a general_n who_o resent_v it_o so_o high_o that_o he_o resign_v his_o place_n upon_o that_o account_n many_o other_o also_o murmur_v open_o against_o that_o prince_n which_o usage_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o ungenerous_a and_o ungrateful_a see_v they_o be_v so_o much_o oblige_v to_o that_o warlike_a king_n who_o have_v atcheive_v brave_a and_o great_a action_n for_o poland_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n thus_o all_o that_o a_o foreigner_n can_v pretend_v to_o in_o that_o republic_n can_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o obtain_n the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o the_o grant_n of_o some_o little_a royal_a gift_n beside_o that_o he_o may_v be_v due_o qualify_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o he_o must_v first_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n for_o otherwise_o the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o such_o thing_n upon_o he_o however_o there_o be_v some_o little_a royal_a gift_n and_o benefice_n which_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v without_o be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o in_o the_o main_a it_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n to_o possess_v a_o estate_n or_o place_n of_o considerable_a profit_n in_o that_o kingdom_n that_o king_n stephen_n battori_n who_o we_o just_a now_o mention_v think_v fit_a to_o procure_v the_o indigenate_n that_o be_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n to_o two_o of_o his_o kinsman_n at_o the_o session_n of_o the_o diet_n which_o he_o have_v summon_v to_o meet_v the_o 13_o of_o december_n 1386._o for_o as_o he_o have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v desirous_a of_o advance_v those_o of_o his_o brother_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o naturalisation_n will_v enable_v he_o to_o prefer_v they_o to_o something_o more_o considerable_a but_o that_o great_a prince_n be_v prevent_v by_o death_n in_o the_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v ten_o year_n one_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o profit_n of_o so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o of_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v need_v gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o
hundred_o thousand_o livre_n all_o this_o provide_v he_o may_v marry_v hedwige_n and_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n these_o advantageous_a proposal_n be_v hearken_v to_o and_o grant_v and_o according_o he_o be_v elect_a king_n by_o these_o mean_v lithuania_n be_v in_o time_n unite_v to_o poland_n and_o from_o a_o hereditaty_a state_n be_v become_v a_o part_n of_o a_o elective_a republic_n which_o change_n some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o race_n of_o jagello_n do_v not_o altogether_o approve_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v full_o effect_v till_o the_o extinction_n of_o that_o family_n for_o be_v unwilling_a to_o deprive_v their_o heir_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n by_o submit_v to_o make_v lithuania_n elective_a they_o still_o delay_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o convention_n allege_v that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o lithuania_n will_v never_o suffer_v it_o lest_o by_o such_o a_o union_n they_o shall_v lose_v their_o ancient_a degree_n and_o dignity_n thing_n remain_v in_o this_o condition_n while_o there_o be_v prince_n of_o that_o family_n to_o be_v elect_v at_o last_o the_o lithuanian_n perceive_v that_o it_o be_v extinct_a as_o to_o male_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n and_o be_v afraid_a of_o eruption_n from_o their_o encroach_a neighbour_n the_o muscovite_n they_o consent_v to_o a_o union_n the_o example_n of_o stephen_n batori_n verify_v also_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v of_o the_o regard_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a family_n in_o point_n of_o election_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n only_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o princess_n anne_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n augustus_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o jagellone_n i_o must_v own_o that_o there_o be_v several_a reason_n which_o concur_v to_o cause_v the_o polander_n to_o impose_v that_o condition_n on_o stephen_n batori_fw-la for_o thus_o they_o do_v not_o only_o express_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o jagellonian_a family_n but_o avoid_v the_o expense_n which_o they_o must_v otherwise_o have_v be_v at_o for_o the_o maintain_n of_o two_o princess_n but_o that_o which_o engage_v they_o the_o rather_o to_o act_v thus_o be_v the_o abdication_n of_o henry_n of_o valds_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o marry_v she_o for_o that_o prince_n have_v receive_v the_o news_n of_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n ix_o his_o brother_n private_o leave_v poland_n the_o 18_o of_o june_n 1574_o and_o return_v to_o france_n after_o he_o have_v be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n the_o 24_o of_o february_n and_o have_v remain_v five_o month_n with_o the_o republic_n the_o polander_n therefore_o believe_v that_o they_o will_v thus_o more_o strong_o bind_v stephen_n batori_fw-la to_o their_o interest_n oblige_v he_o to_o marry_v the_o princess_n anne_n though_o she_o be_v somewhat_o elderly_a but_o this_o prove_v of_o a_o very_a unhappy_a consequence_n for_o all_o the_o church_n of_o sweden_n for_o stephen_n battori_n die_v afterward_o at_o iroane_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o december_n 1586_o without_o leave_v any_o issue_n the_o republic_n still_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o jagellone_n choose_v sigismond_n the_o three_o the_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o of_o catharine_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n augustus_n and_o thus_o nephew_n to_o queen_n anne_n stephen_n battoris_n widow_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o election_n sigismond_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v poland_n the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n leave_v the_o government_n of_o sweden_n to_o his_o uncle_n the_o duke_n of_o sudermania_n who_o afterward_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o he_o abolish_v the_o roman_a religion_n and_o establish_v the_o lutheran_n which_o he_o public_o profess_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o polander_n as_o to_o their_o prefer_v the_o offspring_n of_o their_o king_n before_o other_o be_v so_o true_a that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o acknowledge_v a_o regal_a state_n even_o at_o a_o time_n when_o they_o be_v all_o stranger_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n they_o choose_v venda_n to_o be_v their_o queen_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o be_v leave_v of_o the_o line_n of_o cracus_n their_o third_n king_n long_o after_o this_o lewis_z king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n have_v choose_v for_o his_o successor_n sigismond_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o have_v wed_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o republic_n meet_v at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1312_o and_o the_o diet_n past_o a_o constitution_n whereby_o sigismond_n be_v exclude_v however_o declare_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o princess_n his_o wife_n the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v afterward_o their_o vote_n for_o ziemowitz_n duke_n of_o masovia_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v wed_v hedwige_n who_o be_v king_n lewis_n daughter_n but_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o mother_n will_v not_o consent_v that_o her_o daughter_n shall_v marry_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o prince_n as_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n though_o he_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v not_o only_o some_o consideration_n for_o all_o those_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n but_o that_o they_o have_v also_o a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o widow_n of_o their_o king_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o they_o oblige_v king_n john_n casimir_n to_o marry_v queen_n maria_n aloisia_n the_o widow_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o four_o his_o brother_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o proposal_n that_o be_v make_v to_o queen_n eleonor_n of_o austria_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n michael_n during_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n in_o the_o year_n 1674._o for_o the_o pole_n insist_v upon_o that_o queen_n marry_v the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n for_o who_o the_o french_a use_v their_o interest_n insomuch_o that_o on_o the_o 18_o of_o may_n four_o bishop_n come_v to_o that_o queen_n and_o assure_v she_o that_o provide_v she_o will_v consent_v to_o wed_v that_o prince_n he_o will_v certain_o be_v elect_v and_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o different_a party_n will_v be_v reunite_v but_o queen_n eleonor_n who_o be_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o who_o then_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o chancellor_n patz_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o court_n of_o vienna_n make_v they_o no_o other_o answer_n but_o that_o she_o have_v some_o friend_n in_o the_o diet_n who_o will_v take_v care_n of_o her_o interest_n a_o draw_v trezebsckâ—_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o that_o be_v depute_v on_o that_o account_n to_o the_o queen_n and_o afterward_o to_o chancellor_n patz_n who_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v her_o chief_a councillor_n but_o that_o chancellor_n who_o have_v a_o mind_n the_o election_n shall_v fall_v on_o prince_n charles_n of_o lorraine_n who_o the_o emperor_n do_v very_o earnest_o recommend_v make_v answer_v that_o he_o will_v have_v no_o other_o but_o the_o prince_n of_o lorraine_n and_o not_o the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n the_o event_n soon_o convince_v he_o of_o his_o error_n and_o make_v he_o know_v that_o he_o have_v take_v wrong_a measure_n and_o not_o understand_v his_o true_a interest_n for_o as_o he_o have_v govern_v king_n michael_n and_o still_o have_v a_o absolute_a sway_n over_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o queen_n he_o may_v easy_o have_v govern_v also_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n who_o be_v young_a and_o who_o his_o queen_n may_v have_v incline_v as_o she_o will_v have_v think_v fit_a the_o chancellor_n batz_n be_v so_o positive_a in_o his_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a matter_n to_o make_v he_o alter_v it_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o his_o word_n and_o when_o ever_o he_o have_v engage_v it_o to_o any_o body_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o keep_v it_o inviolable_o his_o own_o interest_n not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v he_o recant_v and_o indeed_o the_o conference_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n ambassador_n at_o belveder_n whither_o i_o keep_v he_o company_n make_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o his_o own_o interest_n alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v he_o alter_v his_o measure_n for_o i_o understand_v afterward_o from_o he_o that_o considerable_a offer_n have_v be_v make_v he_o and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v represent_v to_o he_o what_o advantage_n the_o election_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n will_v bring_v to_o all_o his_o family_n but_o all_o this_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o affect_v he_o and_o so_o that_o conference_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n neither_o for_o he_o nor_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n
nay_o even_o his_o lady_n though_o a_o french-woman_n of_o the_o house_n of_o mailly_n can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o side_n with_o the_o french_a faction_n though_o very_o advantageous_a offer_n be_v make_v to_o she_o she_o be_v lady_n of_o honour_n to_o queen_n eleonor_n and_o have_v promise_v she_o to_o be_v faithful_a to_o she_o which_o she_o do_v inviolable_o this_o unshaken_a fidelity_n in_o a_o austrian_a french-woman_n be_v such_o that_o even_o the_o french_a themselves_o can_v not_o but_o admire_v and_o esteem_v it_o it_o be_v their_o nature_n to_o prefer_v that_o virtue_n to_o all_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v propose_v to_o they_o to_o engage_v they_o to_o part_v with_o it_o france_n have_v then_o almost_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n its_o enemy_n but_o be_v still_o so_o fortunate_a that_o heaven_n will_v not_o somuch_o as_o suffer_v she_o to_o compass_v those_o thing_n which_o she_o most_o earnest_o desire_v when_o in_o process_n of_o time_n those_o thing_n may_v have_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o her_o interest_n thus_o the_o divine_a providence_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n to_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n though_o france_n use_v all_o her_o endeavour_n to_o make_v the_o choice_n fall_v upon_o he_o which_o if_o it_o have_v take_v effect_n will_v undoubted_o have_v be_v disadvantageous_a to_o that_o nation_n for_o that_o prince_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v prove_v her_o enemy_n as_o do_v his_o father_n soon_o after_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n i_o return_v now_o to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o place_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n those_o on_o who_o he_o bestow_v they_o ought_v not_o only_o to_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o estate_n in_o land_n in_o the_o state_n or_o country_n to_o which_o the_o say_a place_n or_o office_n proper_o belong_v so_o that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n lie_v all_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n can_v have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n neither_o can_v he_o who_o estate_n be_v altogether_o in_o the_o duchy_n have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o order_n be_v regular_o observe_v though_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v now_o proper_o but_o one_o body_n and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o people_n differ_v but_o in_o few_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o time_n that_o i_o live_v in_o lithuania_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o polite_a part_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v near_o to_o to_o the_o french_a than_o the_o polander_n do_v in_o all_o their_o way_n and_o particular_o in_o their_o briskness_n and_o gayty_n though_o lithuania_n be_v remote_a from_o france_n than_o poland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n enter_v a_o city_n the_o magistrate_n ought_v always_o to_o bring_v he_o the_o key_n and_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v his_o own_o regiment_n of_o guard_n keep_v watch_v at_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n alone_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o guard_v their_o own_o gate_n when_o the_o king_n enter_v that_o city_n nay_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o hinder_v any_o force_n from_o enter_v with_o the_o king_n and_o to_o go_v the_o round_n all_o night_n in_o the_o street_n as_o long_o as_o he_o stay_v within_o their_o wall_n but_o it_o must_v indeed_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o dantzic_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a hans-town_n be_v proper_o a_o free_a republic_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n consequent_o it_o have_v all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o entire_a sovereignty_n for_o it_o condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n themselves_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o commit_v any_o crime_n there_o that_o deserve_v a_o capital_a punishment_n it_o have_v a_o mint_n of_o its_o own_o and_o coin_n its_o own_o money_n without_o any_o previous_a leave_n or_o permission_n obtain_v from_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n though_o they_o stamp_v the_o king_n image_n upon_o it_o and_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v in_o payment_n the_o base_a money_n of_o that_o state_n however_o though_o the_o people_n of_o dantzic_n may_v thus_o be_v reckon_v a_o republic_n and_o particular_a sovereign_a state_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o send_v to_o the_o diet_n some_o deputy_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o dantzic_n and_o who_o consequently_n never_o fail_v to_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o chancellor_n who_o always_o desire_v they_o to_o be_v silent_a forbid_v they_o to_o take_v that_o quality_n upon_o they_o which_o yet_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o take_v afterward_o in_o the_o follow_a diet_n dantzic_n be_v situate_v about_o a_o league_n from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o almost_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n that_o city_n till_o the_o year_n 1170_o consist_v only_o of_o some_o fishermen_n cottage_n but_o have_v raise_v itself_o since_o that_o time_n to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o greatness_n that_o it_o pass_v now_o for_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o europe_n it_o must_v indeed_o be_v own_a that_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a and_o stately_a place_n and_o its_o port_n or_o harbour_v very_o famous_a but_o of_o difficult_a access_n because_o the_o vistula_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n before_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o branch_n which_o go_v to_o dantzic_n be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o great_a ship_n have_v not_o water_n enough_o to_o anchor_v with_o their_o lade_n through_o that_o branch_n into_o the_o harbour_n of_o dantzic_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o port_n there_o lie_v a_o fort_n which_o be_v call_v the_o light-house_n because_o there_o be_v a_o beacon_n in_o it_o where_o there_o be_v a_o light_a every_o night_n that_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o the_o harbour_n may_v discover_v it_o a_o far_o off_o dantzic_n be_v the_o town_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n in_o all_o prussia_n most_o of_o which_o traffic_n consist_v in_o corn_n as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n the_o dantzicker_n have_v such_o a_o privilege_n that_o none_o but_o themselves_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o buy_v any_o corn_n of_o the_o polander_n when_o once_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o their_o port_n whether_o vast_a quantity_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o from_o all_o part_n by_o the_o vistula_n half_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n since_o the_o time_n that_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n oblige_v the_o dantzicker_n to_o grant_v he_o that_o tribute_n for_o their_o presumption_n in_o propose_v some_o provoke_v condition_n to_o he_o before_o they_o will_v suffer_v his_o deputy_n to_o come_v into_o their_o city_n dantzic_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o prussia_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o league_n from_o elbing_n and_o twenty_o six_o from_o thorn_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o fortify_v consider_v the_o country_n since_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o sweede_v make_v into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o but_o there_o be_v some_o ground_n that_o overlook_v and_o command_v it_o on_o the_o westside_n from_o this_o town_n the_o polander_n draw_v what_o good_n they_o want_v of_o foreign_a growth_n and_o manufacture_n as_o cloth_n silk_n stuff_n leather_n paper_n sugar_n oil_n and_o all_o the_o spice_n which_o they_o use_v in_o very_o great_a quantity_n to_o season_n their_o fish_n and_o other_o meat_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o wine_n and_o brandy_n nor_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o from_o france_n and_o worth_a but_o a_o crown_n the_o french_a muid_n or_o hogshead_n because_o as_o for_o wine_n the_o pole_n like_o no_o other_o but_o that_o of_o hungary_n as_o for_o brandy_n they_o make_v it_o at_o home_n with_o corn_n and_o as_o for_o salt_n their_o country_n abound_v with_o it_o thus_o the_o wine_n brandy_n and_o salt_n that_o come_v from_o france_n to_o dantzic_n serve_v only_o for_o prussia_n however_o there_o be_v such_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o other_o good_n export_v from_o dantzic_n to_o poland_n and_o so_o great_a a_o return_v make_v from_o that_o kingdom_n thither_o in_o corn_n money_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o only_a place_n from_o which_o they_o draw_v all_o their_o necessary_n and_o to_o which_o they_o trade_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v admire_v how_o that_o town_n be_v come_v to_o be_v so_o rich_a and_o considerable_a all_o the_o dantzicker_n be_v former_o roman_a catholic_n but_o they_o embrace_v the_o
ix_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n all_o the_o bishop_n be_v senator_n and_o precede_v the_o secular_a member_n there_o be_v but_o 16_o bishopric_n in_o the_o kingdom_n 3_o of_o which_o be_v usurp_v by_o its_o enemy_n viz._n those_o of_o smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o of_o caminiec_n by_o the_o turk_n nevertheless_o the_o dignity_n be_v still_o retain_v and_o when_o they_o become_v vacant_a there_o be_v always_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o competitor_n who_o solicit_v the_o king_n for_o those_o title_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v apostolical_a legate_n by_o his_o office_n the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o senator_n and_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o privilege_n be_v annex_v to_o this_o see_v by_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n whither_o he_o who_o be_v then_o archbishop_n be_v send_v by_o king_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n to_o assert_v his_o right_n to_o prussia_n against_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n for_o that_o prelate_n be_v inform_v that_o during_o his_o absence_n the_o king_n have_v marry_v elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o the_o palatine_a of_o sandomir_n anno_fw-la 1416._o and_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopold_n and_o fear_v lest_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o crown_v the_o king_n prevail_v with_o the_o council_n to_o declare_v and_o ordain_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n shall_v from_o thenceforth_o be_v primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o a_o appeal_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o he_o not_o only_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o also_o from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopold_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1513._o john_n laski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v send_v to_o rome_n by_o king_n sigismond_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n obtain_v of_o leo_n the_o xth_o for_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o successor_n the_o quality_n of_o legatus_fw-la natus_fw-la of_o the_o holy_a apostolic_a see_n the_o authority_n of_o this_o prelate_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o draw_v a_o sword_n or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o speak_v indecent_o in_o his_o presence_n beside_o when_o the_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n the_o archbishop_n may_v assemble_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n to_o oppose_v he_o and_o during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la he_o have_v power_n to_o coin_n money_n the_o cross_n be_v carry_v before_o he_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o the_o diet_n and_o when_o he_o sit_v on_o almoner_n hold_v it_o behind_o his_o chair_n and_o as_o a_o far_a mark_n of_o his_o grandeur_n he_o have_v a_o senator_n and_o castellan_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o marshal_n who_o ride_v before_o his_o coach_n bear_v his_o staff_n upright_o which_o he_o never_o bow_v but_o before_o the_o king_n and_o when_o the_o other_o marshal_n be_v absent_a he_o have_v the_o privilege_n to_o carry_v the_o staff_n upright_o before_o his_o majesty_n and_o to_o march_v before_o he_o to_o church_n or_o to_o the_o diet._n when_o the_o archbishop_n come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o stair_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n he_o stop_v there_o till_o the_o king_n send_v the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n to_o salute_v he_o the_o sub-marshal_n attend_v he_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stair_n and_o when_o he_o enter_v the_o antichamber_n the_o king_n come_v out_o of_o his_o chamber_n to_o meet_v he_o he_o never_o make_v a_o visit_n but_o to_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o he_o only_o visit_v once_o not_o even_o to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o crown_v head_n who_o have_v visit_v he_o it_o be_v he_o who_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la be_v the_o head_n and_o regent_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o who_o regulate_v the_o sentiment_n of_o all_o the_o nobleman_n who_o be_v assemble_v by_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n it_o be_v he_o who_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o give_v they_o notice_n of_o the_o king_n death_n that_o they_o may_v hold_v their_o petty_a diet_n and_o to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o time_n of_o the_o general_n diet._n and_o when_o any_o extraordinary_a affair_n happen_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la some_o nobleman_n and_o senator_n be_v choose_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o so_o difficult_a a_o juncture_n the_o polander_n have_v lodge_v so_o great_a a_o authority_n in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o prelate_n because_o they_o dare_v not_o entrust_v a_o layman_n with_o it_o lest_o his_o ambition_n shall_v prompt_v he_o to_o aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o proclaim_v the_o new_a king_n after_o he_o be_v choose_v which_o be_v so_o great_a and_o so_o considerable_a a_o privilege_n that_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o candidate_n look_v upon_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o the_o person_n on_o who_o the_o success_n of_o their_o negotiation_n depend_v and_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o gain_v his_o favour_n because_o the_o king_n can_v be_v due_o elect_v unless_o he_o be_v afterward_o proclaim_v to_o confirm_v this_o i_o shall_v relate_v what_o happen_v at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1674._o one_o czartoreski_n of_o the_o faction_n of_o austria_n an_z intimate_v friend_n of_o chancellor_n putz_n and_o consequent_o a_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n be_v then_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o in_o that_o quality_n have_v the_o power_n of_o proclaim_v the_o king_n he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v prevail_v with_o to_o proclaim_v the_o great_a marshal_n but_o die_v three_o day_n before_o the_o election_n the_o right_a of_o proclamation_n be_v devolve_v upon_o trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n proclaim_v he_o with_o joy_n there_o be_v but_o 16_o bishopric_n in_o poland_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v but_o they_o be_v general_o of_o a_o vast_a extent_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a revenue_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o believe_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o that_o kidgdom_n after_o all_o its_o loss_n be_v still_o as_o large_a as_o france_n the_o first_o be_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n in_o low_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n about_o 9_o league_n from_o that_o city_n towards_o the_o north._n this_o place_n which_o be_v once_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v now_o only_a a_o great_a unwal_v village_n without_o the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o river_n the_o second_o be_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o leopold_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o black_a russia_n and_o take_v its_o name_n from_o leo_n duke_n of_o that_o province_n who_o as_o he_o be_v ravage_v poland_n with_o a_o army_n of_o tartar_n and_o russian_n be_v entire_o defeat_v by_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n ann._n 1279_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o lesko_n the_o black_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n very_o mean_o fortify_v without_o a_o river_n and_o defend_v only_o by_o a_o inconsiderable_a castle_n upon_o a_o eminence_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o many_o sieges_n it_o have_v sustain_v have_v be_v once_o besiege_a by_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n at_o another_o time_n by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 120000_o man_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a after_o which_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n by_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n miâ—â—â—el_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o 3_o bishop_n viz._n a_o latin_n catholic_n archbishop_n a_o armenian_a catholic_n archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a scismatical_a greek_a bishop_n the_o first_o latin_a archbishop_n be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n call_v christinus_fw-la who_o be_v consecrate_a by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesâ—a_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n casimir_n who_o erect_v this_o see_n anno_fw-la 1361._o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o archbishop_n since_o they_o differ_v not_o from_o other_o catholic_n only_o the_o armenian_n have_v their_o particular_a ornament_n and_o ceremony_n and_o the_o man_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o woman_n in_o the_o church_n but_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o occasion_n to_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o peculiar_a rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o russian_n their_o bishop_n be_v always_o a_o unmarried_a person_n because_o he_o be_v choose_v among_o the_o monk_n of_o
st._n basil_n who_o be_v under_o the_o vow_n of_o chastity_n as_o for_o the_o curate_n of_o their_o parish_n those_o who_o be_v admit_v to_o order_n after_o their_o marriage_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o separate_v from_o their_o wife_n but_o they_o can_v marry_v after_o their_o ordination_n and_o when_o their_o wife_n die_v they_o must_v for_o ever_o afterward_o live_v in_o celibacy_n their_o liturgy_n be_v in_o the_o russian_a language_n which_o as_o well_o as_o the_o polish_v be_v proper_o a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slaâ—ovie_n they_o believe_v that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n proceed_v from_o the_o father_n by_o the_o son_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v not_o the_o head_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n but_o only_o the_o first_o of_o the_o two_o patriarch_n and_o that_o he_o of_o constantinople_n who_o authority_n they_o acknowledge_v be_v the_o second_o and_o yet_o independent_a on_o the_o first_o in_o all_o other_o article_n of_o faith_n they_o agree_v with_o the_o catholic_n but_o their_o ceremony_n and_o ornament_n be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o latin_n and_o armenian_n they_o pray_v stand_v and_o make_v a_o great_a number_n of_o genuflexion_n which_o they_o reckon_v with_o bead_n they_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n in_o both_o kind_n after_o this_o manner_n the_o priest_n consecrate_v several_a little_a loaf_n of_o leaven_a bread_n and_o after_o he_o have_v take_v the_o sacrament_n himself_o he_o break_v these_o loaf_n into_o little_a piece_n and_o put_v they_o into_o the_o chalice_n with_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n then_o with_o a_o little_a silver_n spoon_n which_o serve_v only_o for_o that_o use_v he_o take_v one_o of_o those_o piece_n with_o a_o little_a wine_n out_o of_o the_o chalice_n and_o give_v the_o sacrament_n to_o those_o who_o approach_v he_o by_o pour_v that_o little_a piece_n of_o bread_n with_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o each_o communicant_a they_o communicate_v stand_v hold_v their_o arm_n across_o their_o breast_n and_o also_o make_v their_o little_a child_n receive_v the_o communion_n after_o all_o the_o people_n have_v communicate_v the_o priest_n consume_v all_o that_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o chalice_n the_o three_o bishopric_n be_v that_o of_o cracow_n which_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n situate_v upon_o the_o vistula_n in_o the_o upper_a or_o little_a poland_n this_o bishopric_n be_v heretofore_o a_o archbishopric_n found_v by_o mieceslaus_n in_o the_o year_n 964._o immediate_o after_o he_o have_v embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n but_o that_o dignity_n be_v lose_v by_o one_o lampert_n who_o be_v of_o a_o potent_a family_n neglect_v to_o send_v to_o rome_n for_o the_o pallium_fw-la it_o be_v observable_a that_o several_a prelate_n have_v hold_v both_o this_o bishopric_n and_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o siberia_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o duchy_n be_v under_o his_o authority_n and_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o royal_a coart_n this_o metropolis_n be_v compose_v of_o 3_o city_n joyâ—â—d_v together_o viz._n the_o ancient_a city_n which_o be_v build_v by_o king_n cracus_n casimirie_n which_o be_v build_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a with_o a_o design_n to_o establish_v a_o academy_n in_o it_o and_o that_o which_o be_v between_o they_o both_o the_o two_o latter_a be_v join_v by_o a_o bridge_n the_o jew_n who_o before_o the_o year_n 1494._o be_v disperse_v promiscuous_o throughout_o the_o whole_a city_n since_o that_o time_n be_v oblige_v to_o reside_v in_o casimirie_n for_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o fire_n which_o burn_v down_o part_n of_o the_o city_n the_o soldier_n drive_v the_o jew_n out_o of_o all_o the_o house_n they_o possess_v and_o ever_o since_o they_o be_v only_o permit_v to_o live_v in_o casimirie_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v every_o market-day_n to_o the_o old_a city_n queen_n hedwige_n the_o wife_n of_o vladislaus_n jagellon_n who_o be_v a_o princess_n of_o great_a virtue_n and_o piety_n design_v to_o have_v finish_v the_o academy_n which_o king_n casimir_n the_o great_a begin_v to_o erect_v at_o cracow_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o that_o queen_n who_o leave_v considerable_a legacy_n to_o the_o poor_a the_o king_n her_o husband_n take_v care_n to_o continue_v her_o pious_a design_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o establish_v 2_o college_n in_o that_o city_n and_o bring_v master_n thither_o from_o prague_n to_o instruct_v the_o youth_n these_o college_n be_v almost_o like_o those_o of_o paris_n there_o be_v some_o endow_v scholarship_n and_o the_o student_n be_v oblige_v to_o very_o little_a exercise_n in_o one_o of_o these_o college_n which_o be_v call_v the_o academy_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o poor_a scholar_n who_o receive_v weekly_a charity_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o starve_v which_o with_o what_o they_o get_v by_o beg_a alm_n in_o the_o street_n at_o night_n enable_v they_o to_o 〈◊〉_d their_o study_n the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomeâ—â—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v compose_v of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o low_a or_o great_a poland_n the_o bishop_n seat_n be_v at_o wiadislow_n a_o city_n on_o the_o vistula_n about_o four_o league_n above_o thorn_n the_o five_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o vilna_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n vilia_fw-la which_o fall_v into_o the_o nieman_n below_o kowno_n this_o city_n be_v large_a and_o very_a populous_a the_o six_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o posnania_n which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o lower_n poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o the_o same_o name_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la there_o be_v a_o old_a castle_n upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n and_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v without_o the_o city_n which_o be_v indifferent_o large_a and_o populous_a the_o seven_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o plocsko_n a_o small_a city_n in_o lower_n poland_n situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n about_o five_o league_n above_o wladislaw_n the_o bishop_n seat_n be_v at_o pultausk_n in_o massovia_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n narev_n which_o meet_v with_o the_o bug_n about_o two_o league_n low_o the_o bishop_n of_o plocsko_n be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o territory_n of_o pultausk_n and_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n from_o his_o sentence_n not_o even_o to_o the_o king_n the_o eight_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o warmia_n in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o episcopal_a seat_n be_v at_o frawenherg_n a_o small_a city_n near_o frischhaff_n the_o bishop_n of_o warmia_n be_v precedent_n of_o royal_a prussia_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o diocese_n depend_v upon_o he_o and_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o the_o royal_a jurisdiction_n the_o nine_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o luceoria_n or_o lucko_n which_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o volhinia_n the_o ten_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o premislia_n which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o black_a russia_n upon_o the_o river_n sana_n about_o 6_o league_n above_o jeroslaw_n and_o 12_o from_o leopold_n towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v two_o bishop_n in_o this_o city_n one_o a_o latin_n catholic_n and_o the_o other_o a_o greek_a schismatic_a one_o orichowski_n canon_n of_o this_o cathedral_n be_v the_o first_o who_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reformation_n maintain_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o priest_n to_o marry_o and_o afterward_o marry_v himself_o anno_fw-la 1549._o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n the_o eleven_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o samogitia_n this_o prelate_n have_v no_o particular_a seat_n except_o at_o midnich_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a burrough_n of_o that_o province_n the_o twelve_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o culm_n a_o city_n of_o royal_a prussia_n situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n about_o 6_o league_n above_o thorn_n this_o prelate_n former_o precede_v the_o bishop_n of_o warmia_n the_o thirteen_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o chelm_fw-ge in_fw-ge black_a russia_n there_o be_v two_o bishop_n in_o this_o city_n one_o a_o latin_n catholic_n and_o the_o other_o a_o greek_a schismatic_a but_o the_o latin_a bishop_n remove_v his_o seat_n to_o kranostaw_fw-mi another_o city_n in_o the_o same_o palatinat_a seat_v on_o a_o great_a lake_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n vieptz_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o cossack_n who_o have_v ruin_v the_o city_n of_o chelm_fw-ge the_o fourteen_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o kiowia_fw-la the_o metropolis_n of_o volhinia_n and_o of_o all_o vkrania_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o greek_a schismatical_a archbishop_n who_o be_v former_o primate_n of_o all_o the_o russian_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o kiowia_fw-la be_v schismatic_n and_o now_o subject_a to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n the_o fifteen_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o caminiec_n which_o be_v the_o
the_o borysihenes_n the_o water_n of_o which_o congeal_v to_o salt_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o carry_v away_o in_o cart_n like_o ice_n but_o it_o melt_v immediate_o with_o rain_n the_o 34th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o pomerania_n who_o palatinate_n be_v in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o 35th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o minsk_n a_o city_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n suislocz_n the_o 36th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o czernichowia_fw-la a_o city_n of_o lithuania_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n derna_n this_o palatinat_a which_o be_v also_o a_o duchy_n be_v only_o a_o titular_a dignity_n have_v thus_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o 32_o palatine_n 3_o castellan_n and_o one_o starosta_n who_o be_v senator_n it_o may_v not_o improper_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o quality_n of_o castellan_n and_o starosta_n be_v inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o palatin_n there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o who_o possess_v almost_o the_o first_o rank_n among_o the_o lay-senator_n i_o have_v already_o intimate_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v the_o first_o temporal_a senator_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o precedency_n be_v grant_v they_o in_o recompense_n of_o some_o brave_a action_n which_o the_o castellan_n of_o those_o city_n have_v perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o palatin_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o troop_n of_o his_o palatinate_n to_o the_o army_n to_o preside_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o his_o province_n to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o merchandice_n and_o commodity_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v not_o alter_v and_o to_o judge_n and_o defend_v the_o jew_n he_o have_v a_o vice_n palatin_n under_o he_o who_o must_v take_v a_o oath_n to_o he_o and_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o land_n which_o they_o call_v possessionatus_n the_o castellan_n be_v the_o next_o in_o dignity_n to_o the_o palatine_n and_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o they_o in_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v usual_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o great_a castellan_n and_o petty_a or_o sub_fw-la castellan_n the_o number_n of_o the_o former_a both_o in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n amount_v to_o 32_o and_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a to_o 49._o '_o will_v be_v equal_o tedious_a and_o unprofitable_a to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o they_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o observe_v in_o the_o general_n that_o they_o be_v all_o senator_n lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o head_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o their_o respective_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o mention_v the_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n the_o first_o be_v the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o second_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o three_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o four_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o five_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o six_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o seven_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o eight_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o nine_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o ten_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n these_o be_v all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o polish_v senate_n i_o have_v in_o another_o place_n give_v a_o sufficient_a account_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o function_n of_o the_o officer_n mention_v here_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o observe_v that_o beside_o the_o four_o senator_n who_o ought_v always_o to_o attend_v the_o king_n and_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o all_o deliberation_n and_o judgement_n all_o the_o other_o senator_n who_o be_v at_o court_n have_v also_o the_o privilege_n to_o assist_v in_o such_o case_n and_o all_o those_o who_o be_v present_a in_o council_n and_o consent_v to_o the_o decree_n or_o sentence_n be_v oblige_v to_o sign_n it_o not_o only_o in_o criminal_a but_o also_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o they_o may_v afterward_o be_v accountable_a for_o their_o proceed_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o republic_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v that_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v only_o capable_a of_o possess_v all_o the_o office_n and_o land_n both_o in_o the_o duchy_n and_o kingdom_n for_o all_o the_o peasant_n be_v slave_n and_o the_o burgher_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v only_o look_v upon_o as_o tradesman_n who_o can_v possess_v at_o most_o but_o some_o house_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o land_n about_o a_o league_n round_o they_o as_o for_o stranger_n how_o noble_a soever_o they_o may_v be_v in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o whatever_o service_n they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o army_n to_o the_o republic_n they_o can_v neither_o possess_v a_o estate_n nor_o rise_v to_o any_o high_a preferment_n than_o the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o at_o most_o the_o place_n of_o a_o major-general_n which_o be_v a_o office_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o brigadeer_n in_o france_n for_o the_o polander_n will_v never_o suffer_v that_o a_o stranger_n though_o never_o so_o expert_a in_o war_n shall_v have_v the_o general_a command_n of_o their_o army_n the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n be_v the_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o their_o sovereign_n they_o bestow_v the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n upon_o he_o and_o furnish_v he_o with_o minister_n and_o counsellor_n they_o make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v both_o their_o duty_n and_o privilege_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o their_o country_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o any_o aspire_a prince_n who_o ambition_n may_v carry_v his_o design_n beyond_o the_o limit_n prescribe_v to_o he_o by_o the_o law_n since_o the_o number_n of_o the_o gentry_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v all_o assist_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n they_o choose_v deputy_n in_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o they_o send_v to_o the_o general_a diet_n to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o constitution_n and_o to_o contrive_v and_o enact_v new_a law_n for_o their_o security_n the_o polish_v gentry_n be_v general_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o preserve_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o preserve_v all_o their_o province_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o event_n that_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v in_o their_o politics_n for_o poland_n lie_v open_a on_o all_o side_n and_o be_v surround_v by_o so_o many_o enemy_n we_o may_v easy_o suppose_v that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o may_v find_v a_o opportunity_n to_o surprise_v some_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n before_o the_o people_n can_v put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n all_o that_o the_o king_n can_v do_v in_o such_o a_o juncture_n be_v to_o summon_v the_o nobility_n together_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o arriere_n ban_n in_o france_n and_o be_v call_v the_o postpolite_n in_o poland_n upon_o such_o occasion_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n must_v send_v his_o circular_a letter_n thrice_o into_o each_o palatinate_n to_o assemble_v they_o that_o none_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o service_n but_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o starosta_n of_o frontier_n place_n that_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v above_o three_o league_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o those_o of_o lithuania_n and_o prussia_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o all_o that_o the_o king_n can_v keep_v the_o gentry_n in_o arm_n above_o the_o space_n of_o six_o week_n and_o that_o all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o arriere_n ban_n be_v assemble_v it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o maintain_v a_o constant_a peace_n with_o their_o neighbour_n that_o it_o be_v this_o very_a maxim_n which_o occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o country_n for_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o ivth_o they_o build_v fort_n kudack_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o hinder_v the_o cossack_n from_o cruize_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o irritate_v the_o turk_n but_o this_o false_a step_n in_o stead_n of_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o kingdom_n engage_v they_o in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n and_o even_o
with_o the_o turk_n themselves_o and_o at_o last_o make_v they_o lose_v all_o vkrania_n and_o the_o dutchy_n of_o smolensko_n and_o siberia_n it_o be_v their_o real_a interest_n not_o only_o to_o suffer_v the_o cossack_n to_o make_v perpetual_a incursion_n upon_o the_o turk_n but_o even_o to_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o expedition_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n they_o may_v have_v keep_v the_o cossack_n who_o have_v serve_v they_o so_o well_o in_o the_o war_n against_o osman_n in_o subjection_n to_o they_o and_o consequent_o the_o polander_n may_v have_v be_v still_o master_n of_o so_o many_o fine_a province_n which_o they_o have_v lose_v when_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v assemble_v together_o they_o make_v a_o very_a considerable_a body_n and_o not_o one_o of_o their_o neighbour_n can_v resist_v they_o if_o they_o know_v their_o own_o strength_n and_o can_v submit_v to_o regular_a discipline_n and_o to_o the_o command_n of_o a_o general_n but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o king_n never_o to_o assemble_v so_o great_a and_o so_o formidable_a a_o body_n the_o polander_n have_v also_o this_o privilege_n that_o they_o can_v be_v keep_v together_o above_o six_o week_n so_o that_o if_o during_o that_o time_n the_o king_n can_v bring_v they_o to_o a_o battle_n with_o their_o enemy_n they_o may_v return_v home_o without_o ask_v his_o leave_n and_o consequent_o if_o their_o enemy_n have_v never_o so_o little_a experience_n in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n they_o may_v safe_o protract_v the_o time_n or_o retire_v till_o the_o impetuous_a torrent_n be_v over_o and_o afterward_o renew_v the_o assault_n without_o fear_n and_o with_o a_o certain_a prospect_n of_o success_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o assemble_v the_o polish_v nobility_n in_o one_o place_n may_v be_v evident_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o follow_a instance_n when_o sigismond_n ii_o summon_v they_o to_o appear_v near_o leopold_n to_o oppose_v the_o moldavian_n they_o be_v just_o ready_a to_o revolt_n against_o he_o the_o senator_n complain_v that_o their_o privilege_n have_v be_v violate_v and_o refuse_v to_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n till_o they_o be_v re-establish_v this_o example_n alone_o which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o many_o other_o be_v a_o convince_a proof_n that_o the_o convocation_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n be_v both_o a_o dangerous_a and_o ineffectual_a remedy_n against_o the_o distemper_n of_o the_o state_n the_o polish_v nobility_n have_v another_o privilege_n which_o appear_v unjust_a or_o at_o least_o seem_v to_o encourage_v their_o insolence_n for_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n can_v be_v arrest_v for_o any_o crime_n whatsoever_o unless_o he_o be_v first_o convict_v by_o justice_n nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la so_o that_o he_o must_v be_v first_o cite_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o tribunal_n where_o he_o be_v to_o be_v try_v if_o he_o do_v not_o appear_v he_o must_v be_v declare_v contumacious_a and_o if_o he_o appear_v and_o be_v convict_v he_o be_v arrest_v and_o imprison_v in_o order_n to_o be_v afterward_o indged_a according_o to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o heinousness_n of_o his_o crime_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o he_o who_o know_v himself_o guilty_a and_o fear_n to_o be_v cast_v will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o be_v convict_v but_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v condemn_v for_o contumacy_n than_o to_o venture_v the_o lose_n of_o his_o head_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v some_o example_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v this_o privilege_n that_o a_o gentleman_n can_v be_v arrest_v nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la and_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v a_o instance_n of_o it_o in_o the_o person_n of_o those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczenski_n the_o petty_a general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o lithuania_n the_o criminal_n be_v without_o any_o formality_n carry_v prisoner_n to_o elbing_n and_o afterward_o condemn_v by_o the_o general_n diet_v hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o to_o be_v behead_v in_o the_o marketplace_n but_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o their_o crime_n be_v so_o enormous_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o nobility_n can_v not_o in_o justice_n refuse_v to_o wave_v their_o privilege_n for_o those_o wretch_n take_v that_o gentleman_n in_o the_o nighttime_n out_o of_o his_o bed_n from_o his_o wife_n at_o vitna_n and_o have_v put_v he_o in_o a_o coach_n with_o a_o confessor_n who_o they_o bring_v along_o with_o they_o they_o carry_v he_o out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o oblige_v he_o immediate_o to_o make_v his_o confession_n after_o which_o they_o shoot_v he_o dead_a the_o polish_v gentleman_n have_v another_o privilege_n that_o no_o soldier_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v upon_o they_o and_o any_o officer_n who_o shall_v attempt_v to_o do_v it_o will_v be_v cite_v before_o the_o first_o general_n diet_n where_o he_o will_v be_v condemn_v to_o death_n or_o mark_v with_o infamy_n that_o be_v the_o criminal_a will_v be_v declare_v uncapable_a of_o have_v a_o vote_n or_o of_o possess_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n a_o example_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v relate_v which_o happen_v at_o warsaw_n may_v 17._o 1674_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n of_o john_n the_o iiid_n and_o which_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o his_o election_n the_o son_n of_o the_o palatin_n of_o smolensko_n go_v to_o lodge_n in_o the_o house_n of_o vicznowieski_n by_o the_o order_n as_o it_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o great_a general_n patz_n palatin_n of_o vilna_n the_o marshal_n who_o be_v judge_n of_o those_o enormity_n condemn_v that_o palatin_n to_o the_o punishment_n prescribe_v be_v the_o law_n two_o day_n before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n thus_o he_o be_v deprive_v of_o a_o right_n to_o vote_n which_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a mortification_n to_o chancellor_n patz_n his_o cousin_n who_o place_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o confidence_n in_o he_o as_o a_o declare_a enemy_n to_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n and_o all_o the_o french_a party_n and_o consequent_o a_o zealous_a promoter_n of_o the_o faction_n of_o lorraine_n and_o austria_n the_o constitution_n that_o secure_v the_o polish_v gentry_n from_o be_v arrest_v till_o they_o be_v legal_o convict_v be_v certain_o a_o grievance_n to_o the_o nation_n and_o seem_v to_o subvert_v the_o common_a maxim_n of_o justice_n but_o they_o have_v another_o privilege_n that_o be_v equal_o destructive_a of_o civil_a society_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n for_o every_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n be_v by_o law_n the_o absolute_a and_o despotic_a master_n of_o the_o peasant_n that_o live_v in_o his_o territory_n and_o may_v put_v they_o to_o death_n when_o he_o please_v when_o a_o stranger_n be_v surprise_v at_o such_o a_o heathenish_a custom_n and_o take_v the_o liberty_n to_o ask_v they_o how_o christian_n can_v assume_v a_o privilege_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o spirit_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o how_o the_o law_n which_o be_v a_o gift_n of_o god_n can_v establish_v a_o 〈◊〉_d so_o opposite_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n himself_o they_o usual_o reply_v that_o though_o they_o have_v such_o a_o power_n they_o never_o make_v use_n of_o it_o no_o more_o than_o we_o and_o other_o christian_n use_v the_o power_n we_o have_v to_o kill_v our_o horse_n add_v that_o the_o peasant_n serve_v they_o in_o stead_n of_o beast_n but_o beside_o that_o the_o comparison_n be_v not_o very_o human_a and_o much_o less_o christian_a it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o the_o gentleman_n kill_v their_o peasant_n either_o when_o they_o be_v drink_v or_o irritate_v by_o some_o brutal_a passion_n to_o which_o young_a man_n be_v oftentimes_o subject_a for_o the_o wife_n and_o daughter_n of_o these_o miserable_a wretch_n be_v force_v and_o carry_v away_o without_o dare_v to_o resist_v their_o insolent_a ravisher_n and_o this_o be_v so_o common_a among_o the_o persant_n that_o few_o of_o they_o scruple_n to_o choose_v a_o bride_n that_o have_v lose_v her_o virginity_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v not_o senator_n i_o must_v in_o the_o next_o place_n give_v a_o account_n of_o those_o officer_n who_o have_v not_o a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n of_o these_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n viz._n some_o be_v officer_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a duchy_n some_o of_o the_o court_n and_o other_o of_o palatinat_n and_o starosty_n there_o be_v a_o great_a secretary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o another_o of_o the_o duchy_n who_o both_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o privy-council_n and_o to_o know_v all_o that_o the_o chancellor_n and_o vice-chancellour_n do_v in_o the_o chancery_n so_o that_o the_o office_n of_o great_a secretary_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o step_n by_o
which_o they_o may_v rise_v to_o that_o of_o chancellor_n and_o both_o those_o officer_n must_v be_v ecclesiastic_n next_o to_o the_o great_a secretary_n be_v the_o referendary_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o duchy_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o in_o each_o state_n one_o a_o layman_n and_o the_o other_o a_o ecclesiastic_a they_o present_a petition_n to_o the_o king_n and_o return_v his_o majesty_n answer_n and_o though_o they_o be_v not_o member_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o sit_v by_o the_o senator_n in_o judgement_n of_o process_n upon_o information_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o afterward_o to_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n that_o be_v give_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o officer_n of_o justice_n all_o the_o advocate_n proctor_n register_n and_o notary_n wear_v a_o sabre_n or_o scimitar_n by_o their_o side_n and_o do_v not_o lay_v it_o aside_o either_o when_o they_o judge_v or_o plead_v a_o cause_n and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o garb_n than_o what_o they_o usual_o wear_v there_o be_v four_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n in_o poland_n 2_o for_o the_o crown_n and_o 2_o for_o lithuania_n viz._n a_o great_a general_n and_o a_o petty_a or_o lieutenant-general_n those_o general_n of_o the_o army_n have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n unless_o they_o be_v palatine_n or_o castellan_n or_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o of_o those_o office_n which_o entitle_v they_o to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o great_a general_n command_v the_o whole_a army_n and_o have_v power_n to_o quarter_v the_o troop_n where_o he_o please_v the_o king_n himself_o not_o be_v able_a to_o hinder_v he_o and_o this_o power_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o it_o make_v a_o great_a general_n formidable_a to_o all_o the_o nobility_n his_o office_n be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o soldier_n which_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o republic_n commit_v no_o disorder_n that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n may_v not_o be_v overawe_v by_o the_o army_n he_o held_n the_o army_n order_v its_o encampment_n put_v it_o in_o battalion_n and_o give_v the_o signal_n of_o battle_n and_o of_o retreat_n he_o take_v care_n of_o the_o convoy_n and_o ammunition_n set_v a_o price_n on_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o army_n regulate_v the_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o punish_v offender_n the_o office_n of_o the_o petty_a general_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v for_o guard_n and_o of_o the_o party_n that_o be_v send_v out_o to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n he_o command_v the_o foreign_a troop_n and_o even_o the_o whole_a army_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n and_o succeed_v he_o in_o course_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o vacancy_n there_o be_v many_o other_o office_n in_o the_o army_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o great_a standard-bearer_n and_o the_o next_o that_o of_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n as_o for_o the_o office_n of_o the_o court_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v those_o of_o the_o great_a chamberlain_n great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o steward_n or_o master_n of_o the_o household_n beside_o all_o those_o office_n there_o be_v other_o in_o the_o palatinat_n as_o chamberlain_n master_n of_o the_o household_n and_o many_o other_o for_o the_o province_n of_o poland_n be_v former_o divide_v among_o several_a prince_n each_o of_o who_o have_v their_o particular_a officer_n and_o though_o those_o province_n have_v be_v long_o since_o reunited_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o the_o officer_n still_o contiâ—â—e_v and_o enjoy_v certain_a honorary_a privilege_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v that_o they_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o their_o palatinate_n when_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n be_v absent_a chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la a_fw-la interregnum_fw-la may_v happen_v four_o several_a way_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n by_o his_o voluntary_a and_o public_a abdication_n by_o his_o force_a and_o javoâ—â—ntary_a deposition_n or_o by_o his_o flight_n 〈◊〉_d go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o most_o usual_a be_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n who_o body_n be_v immediate_o lay_v upon_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n and_o some_o senator_n both_o ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a be_v choose_v to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o republic_n order_v all_o the_o necessary_a expense_n for_o the_o ceremony_n to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o treasure_n leave_v by_o the_o decease_a king_n the_o same_o honour_n be_v also_o give_v to_o the_o queen_n after_o their_o decease_n as_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v at_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n who_o die_v at_o warsaw_n may_v 10._o 1667._o in_o the_o palace_n which_o king_n john_n casimir_n her_o husband_n have_v in_o the_o suburb_n the_o next_o day_n she_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o castle_n where_o she_o be_v expose_v on_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n till_o she_o be_v remove_v to_o cracow_n to_o be_v inter_v she_o die_v about_o the_o end_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o almost_o sudden_o of_o a_o defluxion_n upon_o her_o lung_n occasion_v by_o a_o too_o long_o and_o earnest_a dispute_n with_o general_n patz_n about_o a_o affair_n she_o have_v propose_v to_o he_o which_o he_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o for_o that_o princess_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o intrigue_v and_o so_o desirous_a to_o govern_v the_o state_n alone_o that_o she_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n jealous_a of_o the_o king_n her_o husband_n who_o dare_v not_o speak_v to_o any_o woman_n in_o private_a lest_o she_o shall_v imagine_v that_o he_o be_v govern_v by_o another_o this_o troublesome_a constraint_n make_v he_o so_o uneasy_a that_o he_o be_v not_o much_o afflict_v at_o her_o death_n for_o the_o same_o night_n he_o return_v from_o the_o diet_n to_o the_o palace_n to_o see_v a_o person_n who_o he_o have_v love_v before_o but_o dare_v never_o entertain_v during_o the_o queen_n life_n the_o interregnum_fw-la may_v also_o happen_v by_o a_o voluntary_a abdication_n when_o a_o king_n free_o resign_v the_o crown_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o see_v a_o king_n descend_v voluntary_o from_o the_o throne_n and_o few_o will_v imitate_v the_o example_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v twenty_o year_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n make_v a_o public_a resignation_n in_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n septemb_n 16._o 1668._o notwithstanding_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o whole_a senate_n and_o of_o all_o the_o nobility_n to_o make_v he_o alter_v his_o resolution_n and_o the_o tear_n that_o be_v shed_v by_o all_o the_o people_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o so_o dismal_a a_o revolution_n for_o he_o be_v so_o universal_o belove_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o senate_n that_o they_o voluntary_o assign_v he_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 50000_o crown_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o their_o acknowledgement_n towards_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v govern_v they_o so_o well_o nevertheless_o that_o pension_n be_v never_o pay_v though_o it_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v after_o his_o election_n the_o abdicated_a king_n go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v at_o nevers_n december_n 16._o 1672._o i_o can_v on_o this_o occasion_n forbear_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o odd_a circumstance_n in_o the_o fate_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o his_o queen_n for_o the_o latter_a quit_v france_n and_o go_v to_o poland_n where_o she_o die_v in_o her_o husband_n city_n and_o the_o former_a leave_v foland_n and_o go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v in_o his_o wive_n city_n innovation_n be_v always_o dangerous_a to_o a_o state_n and_o threaten_v it_o with_o some_o fatal_a revolution_n which_o the_o polander_n consider_v endeavour_v to_o prevent_v the_o consequence_n of_o so_o unusual_a a_o action_n cause_v a_o article_n to_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o they_o make_v king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v that_o never_o any_o king_n shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o abdicate_v for_o the_o future_a but_o that_o article_n be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la which_o king_n john_n the_o iiid_n swear_v after_o his_o election_n in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n at_o warsaw_n june_n 5._o 1674._o an_fw-mi interregnum_fw-la may_v be_v also_o occasion_v by_o the_o depose_v of_o a_o prince_n either_o for_o heresy_n or_o some_o other_o notorious_a crime_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o locticus_n who_o be_v depose_v for_o his_o excessive_a debauchery_n and_o succeed_v by_o wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bobemia_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1300._o but_o those_o instance_n be_v very_o rare_a as_o well_o as_o the_o example_n of_o a_o
prince_n fly_v from_o his_o kingdom_n like_o henry_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o iii_o of_o france_n who_o have_v receive_v advice_n of_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o ixth_o his_o brother_n by_o a_o courier_n that_o be_v dispatch_v to_o he_o by_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n secret_o depart_v from_o cracow_n after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n five_o month_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v so_o trouble_v at_o his_o flight_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o good_a a_o prince_n that_o they_o write_v on_o the_o 12_o of_o may_n 1574._o a_o very_a press_v and_o respectful_a letter_n to_o persuade_v he_o to_o return_v the_o polander_n look_v upon_o the_o interregnum_n as_o the_o most_o favourable_a occasion_n to_o confider_v of_o the_o sure_a and_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n and_o though_o the_o royal_a authority_n be_v then_o proper_o lodge_v in_o the_o senate_n it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n represent_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o senator_n as_o i_o intimate_v before_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o nobleman_n be_v send_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o stay_v with_o they_o and_o to_o assist_v they_o with_o their_o advice_n in_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n be_v also_o depute_a to_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n to_o visit_v the_o treasury_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o make_v a_o inventary_a of_o it_o with_o those_o that_o have_v the_o key_n which_o they_o present_v at_o the_o next_o coronation_n commissioner_n be_v also_o appoint_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o revenue_n that_o be_v set_v apart_o for_o the_o king_n table_n and_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o the_o republic_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la and_o till_o the_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n pretend_v that_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o even_o crown_v head_n themselves_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a but_o when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o the_o republic_n assemble_v in_o a_o diet_n of_o election_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o serenity_n and_o only_o write_v in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o most_o dear_a and_o great_a friend_n ally_n and_o confederate_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o foland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n nor_o be_v it_o reasonable_a that_o a_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v give_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a since_o they_o do_v not_o give_v their_o own_o king_n either_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a or_o of_o majesty_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v further_a on_o this_o subject_a that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n have_v notify_v by_o his_o circular_a letter_n that_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o be_v not_o open_v again_o till_o after_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o new_a elect_v king_n except_o the_o marshal_n court_n which_o continue_v open_a and_o another_o which_o be_v establish_v for_o decide_v controversy_n that_o may_v happen_v during_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n but_o as_o for_o all_o other_o cause_n and_o private_a law-suit_n they_o be_v not_o try_v till_o after_o the_o king_n coronation_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n since_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v elective_a all_o christian_a prince_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o succession_n and_o send_v ambassador_n thither_o whether_o they_o be_v catholic_n or_o not_o but_o those_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o crown_n must_v either_o profess_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n or_o resolve_v to_o embrace_v it_o after_o their_o election_n for_o otherwise_o he_o can_v be_v choose_v and_o it_o be_v only_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o pope_n send_v a_o nuncio_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n that_o he_o may_v represent_v to_o the_o republic_n that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n that_o they_o shall_v choose_v a_o catholic_n prince_n who_o be_v a_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o true_a faith_n of_o christ_n the_o polander_n usual_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n for_o their_o king_n because_o they_o can_v without_o reluctancy_n submit_v to_o those_o who_o be_v former_o their_o equal_n they_o esteem_v it_o their_o happiness_n that_o they_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o choose_v such_o a_o prince_n as_o they_o please_v but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o their_o liberty_n be_v frequent_o the_o cause_n of_o fatal_a division_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v a_o prince_n who_o be_v king_n of_o another_o realm_n lest_o after_o his_o election_n and_o after_o he_o have_v remain_v for_o some_o time_n among_o they_o he_o shall_v leave_v they_o to_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o casimir_n iii_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v vladislaus_n his_o son_n because_o he_o be_v king_n of_o hungary_n and_o robemia_n and_o this_o be_v also_o one_o of_o the_o reason_n which_o in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1382_o make_v the_o republic_n exclude_v sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n as_o have_v marry_v the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n king_n of_o those_o two_o kingdom_n before_o the_o ambassador_n come_v to_o warsaw_n they_o be_v to_o notify_v their_o arrival_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o appoint_v lodging_n for_o they_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o send_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n to_o each_o of_o they_o to_o observe_v their_o action_n and_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v party_n but_o those_o rule_n be_v seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o ambassador_n of_o prince_n live_v open_o at_o warsaw_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n appoint_v to_o attend_v every_o one_o of_o they_o during_o the_o diet_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v be_v inform_v of_o their_o proceed_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o bribe_v or_o corrupt_v the_o deputy_n but_o this_o be_v a_o inconveniency_n that_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o all_o these_o precation_n for_o the_o desire_n of_o money_n be_v so_o reign_v a_o vice_n in_o poland_n and_o attend_v with_o so_o little_a scandal_n and_o infamy_n that_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v to_o his_o country_n will_v not_o be_v proof_n against_o 1000_o crown_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o ambassador_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o the_o nobility_n since_o the_o disoblige_a of_o one_o of_o they_o may_v render_v they_o incapable_a of_o compass_v their_o design_n thus_o the_o quarrel_v with_o chancellor_n patz_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n anno_fw-la 1668._o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v and_o michael_n vicznowieski_n be_v elect_v king_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a that_o the_o nobility_n have_v not_o a_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o he_o be_v unwilling_a to_o do_v because_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n that_o threaten_v the_o republic_n in_o that_o juncture_n and_o of_o the_o great_a need_n they_o have_v of_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a prince_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o know_v that_o king_n michael_n want_v both_o those_o quality_n for_o he_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o during_o the_o life_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n he_o have_v nothing_o to_o subsist_v upon_o as_o i_o intimate_v before_o but_o a_o pension_n which_o she_o allow_v he_o of_o 6000_o livre_n a_o year_n and_o as_o for_o his_o courage_n it_o may_v be_v guess_v at_o by_o what_o happen_v immediate_o after_o his_o election_n when_o he_o dare_v not_o resent_v the_o affront_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o without_o ask_v his_o permission_n cause_v a_o prussian_a gentleman_n who_o have_v flee_v to_o poland_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v seize_v and_o carryd_v away_o before_o the_o king_n eye_n and_o almost_o under_o the_o window_n of_o his_o palace_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o the_o polander_n ought_v to_o have_v choose_v a_o prince_n that_o be_v equal_o brave_a and_o rich_a and_o able_a to_o support_v their_o totter_v state_n for_o if_o they_o have_v consider_v their_o true_a interest_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sovereign_n the_o turk_n will_v never_o have_v have_v the_o
boldness_n to_o attack_v poland_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n michael_n where_o they_o enter_v vkrania_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o easy_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o caminieck_n which_o the_o polander_n can_v never_o retake_v since_o but_o as_o poland_n can_v not_o choose_v a_o poor_a so_o they_o can_v not_o have_v choose_v a_o more_o liberal_a prince_n than_o king_n michael_n and_o as_o he_o be_v whole_o destitute_a of_o the_o mean_n to_o display_v that_o noble_a and_o princely_a quality_n so_o providence_n order_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v proclaim_v king_n he_o find_v himself_o master_n of_o rich_a furniture_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o plate_n than_o any_o of_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o enjoy_v for_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o gentleman_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o considerable_a present_n strive_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o emulation_n to_o express_v their_o affection_n to_o their_o new_a sovereign_n so_o that_o on_o the_o day_n of_o his_o election_n he_o be_v so_o amaze_v at_o such_o a_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a alteration_n that_o he_o can_v hardly_o forbear_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o golden_a dream_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o proclaim_v but_o the_o chancellor_n begin_v to_o insinuate_v that_o he_o owe_v his_o crown_n to_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o difficult_a task_n to_o impose_v upon_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v easy_o govern_v and_o have_v more_o good_a nature_n than_o judgement_n thus_o the_o chancellor_n have_v the_o pleasure_n to_o see_v that_o his_o power_n be_v as_o great_a as_o his_o ambition_n but_o that_o satisfaction_n be_v sufficient_o moderate_v by_o the_o trouble_n and_o division_n that_o happen_v under_o his_o ministry_n for_o have_v persuade_v the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o marry_v the_o emperor_n sister_n by_o who_o he_o have_v no_o child_n there_o be_v such_o a_o considerable_a party_n form_v against_o that_o prince_n that_o he_o be_v in_o perpetual_a danger_n of_o be_v dethrone_v and_o reduce_v in_o a_o cloister_n to_o great_a misery_n than_o that_o which_o he_o suffer_v before_o his_o election_n and_o to_o heighten_v his_o assliction_n he_o perceive_v that_o queen_n eleanor_n his_o wife_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o party_n that_o will_v have_v oblige_v he_o to_o resign_v his_o crown_n that_o she_o may_v marry_v a_o handsome_a and_o brave_a prince_n who_o picture_n she_o have_v see_v and_o who_o without_o doubt_n have_v be_v king_n of_o poland_n if_o death_n jealous_a of_o the_o happiness_n of_o that_o country_n have_v not_o snatch_v he_o away_o in_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o age_n to_o the_o regret_n of_o all_o the_o world_n and_o particular_o of_o q._n eleanor_n who_o can_v not_o forbear_v express_v her_o sorrow_n by_o her_o tear_n when_o she_o hear_v the_o news_n of_o his_o death_n among_o the_o several_a prince_n who_o pretend_v to_o dispossess_v king_n michael_n duke_n augustus_n ernest_n of_o brunswick_n bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n who_o will_v have_v willing_o exchange_v both_o his_o bishopric_n and_o religion_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v one_o but_o he_o be_v marry_v he_o will_v have_v meet_v with_o great_a obstacle_n than_o the_o prince_n i_o just_a noun_n mention_v chap._n xv._o of_o the_o diet_n in_o general_n though_o as_o a_o mark_n of_o the_o obedience_n and_o respect_n which_o christian_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o polander_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v the_o bishop_n the_o precedency_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o be_v the_o minister_n and_o dispenser_n of_o holy_a thing_n it_o have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v that_o the_o laity_n have_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o dispute_v that_o honour_n with_o they_o thus_o at_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n 1501._o under_o the_o reign_n of_o alexander_n the_o ii_o there_o happen_v a_o great_a contest_v betwixt_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o temporal_a senator_n for_o though_o the_o latter_a be_v willing_a that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v be_v seat_v all_o in_o a_o row_n on_o the_o king_n be_v right_a hand_n they_o desire_v that_o they_o may_v also_o sit_v in_o a_o row_n on_o his_o left_a hand_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o beneath_o they_o this_o controversy_n be_v long_o and_o hot_o agitate_a but_o at_o last_o the_o king_n decide_v it_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o bishop_n declare_v that_o they_o shall_v still_o enjoy_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n to_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n both_o on_o his_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n a_o general_n diet_n in_o poland_n be_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o one_o place_n to_o consult_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o republic_n the_o king_n may_v appoint_v the_o meeting_n where_o he_o think_v fit_a except_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o coronation_n which_o can_v only_o be_v hold_v at_o cracow_n but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n it_o have_v be_v always_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o appoint_v the_o place_n of_o their_o meeting_n it_o be_v true_a that_o for_o some_o time_n they_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n but_o the_o lithuanian_n have_v make_v a_o complaint_n some_o year_n ago_o that_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a journey_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o one_o of_o three_o diet_n shall_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v hold_v at_o grodno_n a_o city_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinat_a of_o troki_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n about_o twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n it_o be_v seat_v partly_o upon_o a_o plain_a and_o partly_o upon_o a_o eminence_n and_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o castle_n which_o be_v take_v and_o sack_v by_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o when_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v harass_v by_o the_o swede_n the_o other_o two_o diet_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v at_o warsaw_n which_o from_o the_o election_n of_o sigismond_n iii_o to_o that_o of_o john_n iii_o be_v always_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n in_o the_o province_n of_o massovia_n and_o the_o diocese_n of_o posnania_n there_o be_v a_o fine_a palace_n in_o this_o city_n which_o sigssmund_n build_v after_o his_o election_n but_o there_o be_v no_o avenue_n to_o it_o and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v situate_v be_v so_o straighten_v that_o one_o must_v in_o a_o manner_n divine_a how_o to_o go_v into_o it_o it_o have_v a_o very_a fine_a prospect_n but_o be_v whole_o destitute_a of_o water_n garden_n or_o tree_n nor_o can_v those_o defect_n be_v supply_v because_o on_o the_o one_o side_n it_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o house_n of_o the_o city_n and_o on_o the_o other_o by_o the_o vistula_n warsaw_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o city_n join_v together_o the_o old_a town_n which_o be_v wall_v with_o brick_n be_v small_a and_o ill_o pave_v as_o be_v all_o the_o city_n of_o poland_n but_o to_o make_v amends_o it_o be_v populous_a and_o enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n the_o new_a town_n which_o be_v join_v to_o it_o be_v not_o considerable_a beside_o those_o two_o city_n there_o be_v also_o the_o great_a suburb_n of_o cracow_n the_o house_n of_o which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v and_o cover_v with_o wood_n except_o some_o palace_n which_o certain_a person_n of_o quality_n have_v begin_v to_o build_v before_o the_o swedish_n invasion_n both_o because_o the_o king_n vladislaus_n and_o casimir_n have_v a_o palace_n there_o where_o they_o usual_o reside_v and_o because_o those_o prince_n design_v to_o enclose_v that_o suburb_n and_o the_o two_o city_n with_o 16_o bastion_n which_o they_o have_v already_o mark_v out_o and_o whereof_o some_o footstep_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v the_o abovementioned_a palace_n where_o the_o king_n vladislaus_n and_o casimir_n reside_v have_v a_o garden_n but_o be_v destitute_a both_o of_o water_n and_o tree_n there_o be_v still_o a_o chapel_n in_o that_o suburb_n call_v the_o muscovite_n chapel_n which_o sigismond_n iii_o build_v for_o the_o bury_v place_n of_o a_o duke_n of_o muscovie_n and_o his_o brother_n who_o die_v in_o prison_n at_o gostynin_n in_o the_o palatinat_a of_o rava_n about_o three_o league_n from_o the_o city_n of_o plocsko_n upon_o the_o vistula_n to_o leave_v to_o posterity_n a_o monument_n of_o his_o victory_n over_o the_o muscovite_n it_o be_v some_o time_n ago_o give_v to_o the_o dominican_n friar_n who_o have_v settle_v a_o convent_n in_o it_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o hold_v petty_a diet_n in_o all_o the_o palatinat_n before_o they_o hold_v a_o great_a or_o general_a diet._n these_o petty_a diet_n must_v be_v summon_v three_o week_n before_o they_o can_v be_v hold_v and_o hold_v six_o week_n before_o the_o general_a diet_n in_o order_n to_o their_o meeting_n the_o king_n send_v
circular_a letter_n to_o summon_v the_o nobility_n and_o to_o notify_v the_o day_n of_o the_o general_n diet_n and_o in_o those_o circular_a letter_n he_o mention_n every_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o general_n diet_n all_o the_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n have_v the_o privilege_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o petty_a diet_n where_o they_o choose_v their_o nunioes_n or_o deputy_n to_o who_o they_o give_v instruction_n contain_v all_o they_o ought_v to_o grant_v or_o refuse_v in_o the_o general_n diet._n those_o nunioes_n be_v first_o establish_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n iii_o who_o to_o raise_v money_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o army_n order_v all_o the_o palatinat_n to_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o the_o general_n diet_n to_o find_v out_o the_o most_o proper_a mean_n to_o supply_v his_o necessity_n and_o since_o that_o time_n no_o general_n diet_n can_v be_v hold_v without_o deputy_n from_o all_o the_o palatinat_n the_o general_a diet_n be_v wont_a to_o depute_v 16_o senator_n who_o be_v choose_v among_o the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o castellan_n 4_o of_o who_o be_v to_o be_v always_o with_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o since_o the_o year_n 1649_o they_o have_v join_v to_o they_o a_o deputy_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o palatinat_n every_o thing_n that_o be_v conclude_v and_o ordain_v by_o those_o deputy_n with_o the_o king_n approbation_n have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n and_o if_o they_o neglect_v to_o reside_v at_o court_n or_o to_o perform_v their_o duty_n they_o be_v fine_v a_o layman_n in_o 2000_o livre_n and_o a_o ecclesiastic_a in_o 6000._o all_o the_o general_a diet_n be_v begin_v by_o the_o election_n of_o a_o speaker_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o must_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n first_o among_o the_o deputy_n of_o upper_a poland_n second_o among_o those_o of_o lower_n poland_n and_o in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n among_o those_o of_o lithuania_n which_o frequent_o occasion_n debate_n that_o last_v for_o several_a day_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n be_v chosea_n the_o king_n give_v he_o his_o hand_n to_o kiss_v and_o afterward_o make_v the_o same_o compliment_n to_o all_o the_o deputy_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n proposes_n the_o point_n that_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v always_o different_a according_a to_o the_o various_a occasion_n of_o the_o republic_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o can_v forbear_v observe_v that_o the_o polander_n spend_v more_o time_n in_o drink_v than_o in_o deliberate_v concern_v their_o affair_n for_o they_o never_o enter_v upon_o business_n till_o they_o begin_v to_o want_v money_n to_o buy_v hungary_n wine_n after_o the_o chancellor_n have_v in_o the_o king_n name_n propose_v to_o the_o diet_n all_o the_o article_n they_o be_v to_o deliberate_a upon_o the_o speaker_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n acquaint_v the_o king_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o nobility_n with_o what_o they_o desire_v of_o he_o which_o be_v to_o redress_v the_o grievance_n and_o regulate_v the_o abuse_n commit_v either_o against_o the_o state_n or_o particular_a person_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o royal_a gift_n the_o benefice_n and_o office_n that_o be_v vacant_a and_o to_o distribute_v they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o bestow_n of_o two_o of_o they_o that_o be_v inconsistent_a to_o one_o person_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n make_v answer_n for_o the_o king_n that_o his_o majesty_n will_v satisfy_v they_o after_o he_o have_v take_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o they_o in_o the_o diet_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o impose_v silence_n and_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n and_o consequent_o since_o his_o authority_n enable_v he_o either_o to_o animate_v or_o moderate_a their_o heat_n he_o be_v always_o extreme_o respect_v and_o the_o court_n be_v particular_o kind_a to_o he_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n then_o that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o intrigue_v at_o his_o election_n and_o that_o the_o contest_v be_v usual_o so_o hot_a for_o it_o be_v the_o business_n of_o the_o court_n to_o procure_v a_o marshal_n that_o will_v promote_v their_o design_n in_o the_o diet_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o deputy_n who_o choose_v he_o have_v a_o different_a interest_n from_o that_o of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v always_o afraid_a of_o lose_v their_o liberty_n or_o of_o see_v their_o privilege_n abridge_v by_o some_o new_a law_n those_o different_a interest_n be_v frequent_o the_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v some_o deputy_n who_o regard_v only_o their_o private_a advantage_n oppose_v the_o election_n of_o he_o who_o the_o court_n will_v have_v choose_v that_o the_o king_n may_v bribe_v they_o with_o some_o benefice_n employment_n or_o royal_a gift_n and_o there_o be_v not_o only_a deputy_n who_o make_v a_o noise_n at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o marshal_n but_z during_o the_o whole_a progress_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o they_o may_v extort_v favour_n from_o the_o court_n nay_o there_o be_v some_o who_o force_v the_o king_n to_o comply_v with_o they_o by_o threaten_v to_o break_v up_o the_o diet_n if_o he_o do_v not_o answer_v their_o expectation_n for_o there_o be_v so_o few_o of_o they_o that_o have_v a_o sincere_a regard_n to_o the_o true_a interest_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o one_o to_o be_v find_v among_o they_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o resist_v the_o temptation_n of_o 2000_o crown_n thus_o the_o court_n may_v purchase_v the_o vote_n of_o the_o member_n or_o dissolve_v a_o overbold_a and_o obstinate_a diet_n by_o seatter_v sufficient_a sum_n among_o the_o mercenary_a deputy_n and_o even_o not_o only_o the_o neighbour_n but_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n may_v by_o the_o same_o mean_n procure_v a_o rupture_n in_o the_o diet_n when_o they_o find_v the_o honest_a party_n resolve_v to_o take_v effectual_a measure_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o republic_n before_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v resolve_v in_o the_o diet_n it_o must_v be_v propose_v by_o the_o deputy_n and_o approve_v by_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n and_o before_o it_o can_v pass_v into_o a_o law_n it_o must_v be_v revise_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n and_o two_o of_o the_o deputy_n beside_o or_o else_o by_o three_o senator_n and_o six_o deputy_n after_o which_o it_o must_v be_v read_v in_o the_o senate_n in_o the_o king_n presence_n and_o the_o chancellor_n must_v ask_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n whether_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o deputy_n will_v have_v the_o seal_v put_v to_o it_o then_o it_o be_v seal_v and_o insert_v in_o the_o register_n of_o warsaw_n or_o in_o those_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o of_o the_o king_n secretary_n take_v care_v to_o get_v it_o print_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o public_a treasury_n that_o it_o may_v be_v send_v to_o the_o petty_a diet_n and_o to_o the_o court_n of_o all_o the_o palatinat_n they_o treat_v in_o all_o diet_n not_o only_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o also_o of_o particular_a person_n thus_o in_o one_o of_o the_o diet_n they_o take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o order_n of_o maltha_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n vicznowieski_n who_o take_v possession_n of_o a_o estate_n which_o the_o duke_n ostrog_n his_o brother-in-law_n have_v give_v to_o that_o order_n and_o in_o another_o diet_n those_o who_o murder_v gonczeski_n petty_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v prosecute_v and_o condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v but_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n against_o the_o king_n the_o polander_n pretend_v that_o neither_o his_o majesty_n nor_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n ought_v to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o judge_a and_o determine_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v on_o this_o score_n that_o the_o marshal_n lubomiski_n complain_v against_o k._n john_n casimir_n who_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v condemn_v for_o contumacy_n in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n anno_fw-la 1664._o nevertheless_o in_o a_o diet_n hold_v in_o the_o same_o city_n 1582._o king_n steven_n batteri_n bring_v several_a deputy_n into_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial_n and_o judgement_n of_o sborowski_n who_o be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n against_o the_o king_n which_o that_o great_a prince_n do_v that_o all_o the_o nobility_n may_v be_v witness_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o proceed_n it_o be_v in_o a_o general_n diet_n that_o they_o give_v the_o indigenat_n that_o be_v the_o right_a of_o nobility_n to_o stranger_n which_o render_v they_o capable_a of_o possess_v some_o small_a pension_n or_o gift_n of_o the_o
be_v redress_v and_o all_o the_o ambassador_n have_v have_v audience_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n but_o before_o they_o give_v their_o vote_n they_o implore_v upon_o their_o knee_n the_o assistance_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n by_o sing_v the_o veni_fw-la creator_n after_o which_o the_o deputy_n of_o each_o palatinat_n give_v their_o vote_n and_o communicate_v they_o to_o the_o rest_n and_o if_o all_o the_o vote_n be_v for_o one_o candidate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o the_o bishop_n who_o preside_v in_o his_o palace_n demand_v thrice_o whether_o the_o grievance_n be_v redress_v and_o afterward_o proclaim_v the_o king_n elect_v which_o be_v also_o do_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n after_o which_o they_o all_o sing_v the_o te_fw-la deum_fw-la i_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n elect_v be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o archbishop_n when_o all_o the_o vote_n be_v for_o he_o for_o it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o diet_n may_v be_v divide_v in_o which_o case_n the_o strong_a party_n carry_v it_o thus_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v hold_v after_o the_o retreat_n of_o henry_n iii_o one_o party_n choose_v stephen_n battori_n and_o the_o other_o elect_v maximilian_n of_o austria_n maximilian_n design_v to_o enter_v into_o poland_n with_o some_o troop_n be_v prevent_v by_o stephen_n batori_n who_o arrive_v before_o he_o at_o cracow_n where_o he_o be_v crown_v the_o 18_o of_o april_n 1576._o thus_o all_o the_o voice_n be_v transmit_v to_o king_n stephen_n who_o the_o polander_v oblige_v afterward_o to_o marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n who_o they_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v for_o their_o queen_n after_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n battori_n there_o happen_v a_o much_o great_a division_n in_o the_o diet_n for_o there_o be_v two_o party_n form_v one_o of_o which_o be_v support_v by_o zamoski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o sboroski_n the_o former_a choose_v signismund_n iii_o son_n to_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o catherine_n sister_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n the_o last_o of_o the_o race_n of_o jagellon_n and_o nephew_n to_o queen_n ann_n the_o relict_n of_o king_n stephen_n and_o this_o party_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o crown_v sigismond_n at_o cracow_n the_o 27_o of_o december_n 1587._o though_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o sborosky_n party_n have_v be_v proclaim_a king_n in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o bernardin_n at_o warsaw_n by_o cardinal_n radziwill_n who_o be_v of_o his_o faction_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n maximilian_n enter_v into_o poland_n with_o some_o troop_n zamoski_n pursue_v he_o to_o byczin_n in_o silesia_n where_o he_o defeat_v and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n jan._n 25._o 1587._o and_o oblige_v he_o to_o renounce_v his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o maximilian_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exclude_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n a_o three_o time_n first_o in_o the_o person_n of_o ernest_n by_o the_o election_n of_o henry_n de_fw-fr valois_n second_o in_o maximilian_n by_o that_o of_o steven_n battori_n and_o a_o three_o time_n in_o the_o same_o maximilian_n by_o that_o of_o sigismond_n iii_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n though_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o poland_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o natural_a affection_n which_o most_o person_n have_v for_o their_o child_n or_o relation_n may_v induce_v they_o to_o make_v party_n in_o the_o republic_n to_o get_v they_o choose_v during_o their_o life_n thus_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n i._o his_o son_n sigismond_n augustus_n though_o but_o ten_o year_n old_a be_v name_v king_n during_o his_o father_n life_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o in_o the_o least_o meddle_v with_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n till_o after_o his_o father_n death_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v fifteen_o year_n old_a he_o shall_v swear_v to_o maintain_v all_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o this_o example_n shall_v not_o prejudice_v a_o free_a election_n for_o the_o future_a which_o his_o father_n confirm_v by_o letter_n patent_n give_v at_o cracow_n 1530._o and_o afterward_o by_o other_o letter_n date_v at_o pâ—otrkow_n 1538._o for_o that_o prince_n live_v 82_o year_n but_o sigismond_n augustus_n be_v dead_a the_o republic_n be_v assemble_v in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n after_o they_o have_v careful_o examine_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n make_v a_o constitution_n by_o which_o they_o express_o prohibit_v the_o nomination_n of_o any_o successor_n for_o the_o future_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o reign_v prince_n that_o they_o may_v inviolable_o preserve_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o choose_v any_o sovereign_n they_o please_v nevertheless_o stephen_n battori_n see_v he_o have_v no_o child_n and_o consider_v the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o republic_n be_v expose_v during_o the_o two_o last_o interregnum_n propose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n contrary_a to_o the_o abovementioned_a constitution_n but_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o the_o nobility_n oppose_v the_o design_n of_o that_o great_a king_n who_o die_v soon_o after_o at_o grodno_n in_o lithuania_n decem._n 12._o 1586._o since_o any_o christian_a prince_n may_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v evident_o the_o interest_n of_o they_o all_o to_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n which_o may_v render_v the_o kingdom_n hereditary_n and_o consequent_o ruin_v their_o pretension_n it_o be_v this_o consideration_n that_o oblige_v the_o present_a emperor_n to_o send_v francis_n de_fw-fr lisola_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o to_o oppose_v the_o design_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o will_v have_v have_v a_o prince_n choose_v to_o succeed_v he_o after_o his_o death_n and_o this_o envoy_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o john_n owerbeck_n envoy_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v also_o apprehensive_a of_o the_o same_o design_n form_v a_o strong_a party_n and_o be_v so_o effectual_o second_v by_o marshal_n lubomirski_n that_o they_o break_v casimir_n design_n and_o prevail_v with_o the_o diet_n to_o make_v a_o constitution_n forbid_v any_o person_n for_o the_o future_a to_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n the_o reason_n why_o king_n john_n casimir_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n to_o deliberate_v about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v because_o that_o prince_n consider_v the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o republic_n have_v be_v expose_v for_o above_o twelve_o year_n during_o which_o they_o have_v maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o cossack_n tartar_n muscovite_n swede_n transilvanian_o and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o none_o of_o all_o those_o enemy_n will_v have_v invade_v poland_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v encourage_v by_o his_o want_n of_o issue_n and_o therefore_o he_o look_v upon_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n as_o the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o prevent_v the_o disorder_n that_o may_v be_v occasion_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la by_o the_o jealousy_n and_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o especial_o of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o pretend_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o lithuania_n and_o to_o make_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n slave_n there_o be_v also_o many_o lithuanian_a gentleman_n who_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o same_o design_n with_o king_n casimire_n and_o have_v earnest_o desire_v that_o prince_n and_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n to_o consent_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n who_o may_v be_v able_a after_o the_o king_n death_n to_o oppose_v the_o muscovite_n who_o only_o wait_v for_o that_o opportunity_n to_o enter_v into_o lithuania_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o duchy_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v prevail_v with_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o intend_a election_n of_o a_o successor_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v choose_v again_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o piaste_n that_o be_v a_o native_a polander_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o king_n or_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o any_o other_o country_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o unmarried_a person_n and_o one_o that_o be_v neither_o too_o young_a nor_o too_o old_a it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o design_n be_v good_a for_o the_o king_n and_o those_o who_o second_v his_o desire_n look_v upon_o
this_o as_o the_o best_a if_o not_o the_o only_a expedient_a to_o secure_v the_o republic_n from_o the_o otherwise_o unavoidable_a danger_n to_o which_o it_o will_v be_v expose_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la by_o the_o ambition_n of_o its_o neighbour_n and_o the_o jealousy_n and_o faction_n of_o those_o who_o shall_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o those_o who_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n allege_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o no_o prudent_a person_n will_v venture_v upon_o a_o present_a danger_n to_o avoid_v a_o future_a inconveniency_n that_o such_o a_o innovation_n will_v introduce_v a_o hereditary_a succession_n and_o entire_o destroy_v the_o liberty_n of_o election_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o measure_n that_o can_v be_v take_v to_o secure_v it_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o choose_v a_o prince_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o king_n that_o the_o republic_n can_v not_o consent_v to_o such_o a_o election_n without_o divest_v itself_o of_o its_o liberty_n that_o the_o choice_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v without_o offend_v several_a prince_n and_o involve_v the_o nation_n in_o new_a trouble_n at_o a_o time_n when_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o maintain_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o all_o their_o neighbour_n these_o be_v the_o most_o material_a argument_n that_o be_v urge_v on_o both_o side_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n to_o judge_n which_o of_o they_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o i_o may_v proceed_v to_o acquaint_v he_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o the_o king_n elect_n swear_v to_o observe_v in_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n the_o polander_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o so_o afraid_a of_o lose_v it_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v they_o make_v he_o swear_v upon_o the_o altar_n to_o maintain_v all_o their_o privilege_n during_o his_o reign_n this_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o be_v proper_o a_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n by_o which_o the_o former_a be_v oblige_v to_o preserve_v all_o the_o right_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o latter_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o poland_n this_o important_a ceremony_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v before_o the_o king_n be_v proclaim_v thus_o at_o the_o election_n of_o henry_n of_o valois_n after_o they_o have_v reject_v ernest_n of_o austria_n the_o emperor_n son_n and_o confirm_v the_o election_n of_o king_n henry_n john_n de_fw-fr monluc_n bishop_n of_o valence_n that_o prince_n ambassador_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n where_o the_o condition_n that_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o new_a king_n his_o master_n be_v read_v in_o his_o presence_n after_o which_o he_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o his_o brother_n charles_n ix_o then_o he_o be_v conduct_v to_o st._n john_n church_n where_o after_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o mass_n henry_n of_o france_n be_v proclaim_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n may_v 18._o 1573._o afterward_o the_o ambassador_n that_o be_v send_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o offer_v the_o crown_n to_o king_n henry_n oblige_v both_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n to_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n at_o paris_n in_o the_o great_a hall_n of_o the_o palace_n on_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n follow_v this_o be_v the_o method_n prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n for_o swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la but_o this_o regulation_n be_v not_o always_o punctual_o observe_v for_o both_o king_n michael_n vicznowieski_n and_o john_n sohieski_n take_v the_o oath_n several_a day_n after_o their_o election_n at_o warsaw_n upon_o the_o great_a altar_n of_o st._n john_n church_n the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o contract_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o methodise_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n after_o which_o the_o three_o order_n go_v to_o church_n where_o the_o great_a marshal_n read_v the_o whole_a contract_n aloud_o of_o which_o these_o be_v the_o principal_a article_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o assume_v the_o quality_n or_o title_n of_o heir_n of_o poland_n nor_o appoint_v any_o person_n to_o succeed_v he_o but_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o shall_v inviolable_o preserve_v and_o maintain_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n relate_v to_o the_o free_a election_n of_o a_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v ratify_v all_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n make_v with_o foreign_a prince_n that_o he_o shall_v make_v it_o his_o principal_a care_n to_o preserve_v the_o public_a quiet_n and_o tranquillity_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o the_o right_n of_o coin_v money_n or_o deprive_v the_o republic_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o coinage_n that_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n he_o shall_v neither_o declare_v war_n against_o any_o prince_n nor_o give_v order_n for_o the_o levy_n of_o force_n and_o that_o without_o the_o same_o consent_n he_o shall_v neither_o bring_v any_o soldier_n into_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o suffer_v any_o to_o go_v out_o of_o it_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o introduce_v any_o stranger_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o quality_n soever_o into_o his_o council_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o bestow_v any_o office_n dignity_n or_o government_n upon_o '_o they_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n shall_v be_v polander_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o at_o least_o native_n of_o such_o province_n as_o depend_v upon_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n that_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o regiment_n of_o guard_n shall_v be_v native_n of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n that_o the_o colonel_n shall_v be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n that_o he_o shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshal_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o train_n and_o attendant_n of_o the_o princess_n who_o he_o shall_v marry_v shall_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o senate_n that_o he_o shall_v never_o make_v use_n of_o his_o private_a signet_n in_o affair_n that_o concern_v the_o republic_n that_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o power_n and_o dignity_n he_o shall_v dispose_v of_o the_o office_n both_o of_o the_o republic_n and_o court_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v either_o usurp_v or_o remain_v vacant_a and_o that_o the_o number_n of_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v diminish_v that_o he_o shall_v administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n that_o attend_v upon_o he_o that_o for_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o table_n he_o shall_v only_o possess_v those_o revenue_n that_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o only_o for_o his_o life_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o confer_v upon_o any_o one_o person_n the_o office_n or_o dignity_n which_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v possess_v by_o one_o man._n that_o he_o shall_v take_v care_n in_o the_o space_n of_o six_o week_n to_o fill_v up_o all_o the_o vacant_a office_n that_o the_o first_o thing_n he_o shall_v do_v in_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v to_o dispose_v of_o the_o vacancy_n and_o to_o cause_v the_o chancellor_n to_o publish_v they_o and_o that_o in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o law_n he_o shall_v only_o bestow_v they_o on_o polish_v gentleman_n who_o be_v person_n of_o merit_n of_o the_o age_n require_v by_o law_n and_o of_o a_o staid_a and_o solid_a judgement_n that_o he_o and_o his_o council_n shall_v so_o regulate_v the_o troop_n as_o well_o horse_n as_o foot_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v not_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o any_o foreign_a troop_n nor_o be_v put_v to_o a_o unusual_a expense_n and_o that_o the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v with_o their_o pay_n and_o do_v no_o injury_n to_o the_o peasant_n that_o hesh_n all_o in_o no_o wise_n diminish_v the_o treasure_n at_o cracow_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o augment_v it_o that_o he_o shall_v borrow_v no_o money_n but_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o if_o the_o exigence_n of_o the_o state_n require_v naval_a force_n he_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o levy_v they_o without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o final_o that_o all_o the_o right_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n that_o have_v be_v just_o and_o lawful_o grant_v to_o the_o polander_n lithuanian_n and_o to_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n depend_v
on_o they_o and_o to_o all_o the_o city_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v ordain_v in_o the_o precede_a diet_n and_o to_o what_o shall_v afterward_o be_v ordain_v in_o the_o follow_a diet_n shall_v be_v inviolable_o keep_v and_o preserve_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v issue_v out_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o confirm_v they_o in_o all_o their_o clause_n and_o condition_n they_o also_o frequent_o add_v several_a other_o article_n according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n and_o the_o quality_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o elect_v prince_n as_o for_o the_o ceremony_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v the_o capitulation_n the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n carry_v it_o before_o he_o after_o the_o mass_n be_v say_v and_o require_v he_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v it_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n then_o the_o king_n be_v upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o great_a altar_n say_v after_o the_o chancellor_n we_o n._n choose_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhinia_n podolia_n podlassia_n livonia_n smolensko_n siberia_n and_o czernichovia_n promise_v to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o observe_v maintain_v and_o accomplish_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n by_o our_o ambassador_n with_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o ambassador_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o all_o the_o clause_n point_n article_n and_o condition_n mention_v therein_o and_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o speciality_n can_v derogate_v from_o the_o generality_n nor_o the_o generality_n from_o the_o speciality_n all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v by_o our_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n after_o the_o king_n have_v swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n give_v he_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n use_v these_o precaution_n at_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n that_o if_o afterward_o he_o shall_v act_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o promise_v to_o obsorve_v the_o senator_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n it_o be_v the_o breach_n of_o one_o of_o those_o article_n which_o give_v the_o polander_n occasion_n to_o complain_v of_o king_n michael_n for_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o he_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o have_v insert_v this_o article_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v any_o princess_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n nevertheless_o without_o ask_v their_o consent_n he_o marry_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v against_o he_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o compel_v he_o to_o abdicate_v if_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v elect_v be_v not_o present_a at_o warsaw_n he_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o the_o republic_n send_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o oblige_v himself_o before_o they_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n anno_fw-la 1587._o as_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o poland_n that_o the_o great_a marshal_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o petty_a marshal_n carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v to_o any_o ceremony_n but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n to_o his_o coronation_n they_o carry_v the_o staff_n bow_v down_o that_o when_o the_o king_n issue_n out_o any_o letter_n order_n or_o constitution_n he_o only_o assume_v the_o quality_n of_o king_n elect_a and_o that_o no_o dispatch_n can_v be_v seal_v but_o with_o the_o little_a seal_n of_o the_o closet_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o election_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o coronation_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o seal_n of_o it_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v exercise_v the_o royal_a authority_n before_o his_o coronation_n for_o he_o can_v neither_o dispose_v of_o any_o office_n nor_o benesice_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o grant_v any_o favour_n nor_o use_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o his_o name_n and_o be_v shut_v up_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la can_v make_v a_o decree_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n it_o be_v the_o new_a king_n who_o appoint_v the_o day_n for_o this_o ceremony_n which_o must_v be_v perform_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n in_o the_o castle_n this_o city_n take_v its_o name_n from_o king_n cracus_n who_o build_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 700_o after_o he_o have_v leave_v gnesna_n which_o be_v former_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n in_o upper_a poland_n it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n who_o be_v a_o suffragan_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o city_n be_v very_o large_a fine_a and_o well-built_a but_o the_o street_n be_v ill_o pave_v as_o in_o most_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n however_o the_o street_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o straight_o with_o a_o great_a square_n in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o townhouse_n be_v build_v the_o castle_n or_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o little_a eminence_n or_o rock_n the_o foot_n of_o which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o vislula_n the_o circumference_n of_o this_o eminence_n be_v very_o small_a and_o consequent_o the_o palace_n be_v of_o no_o very_a great_a extent_n and_o as_o for_o the_o church_n though_o it_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o a_o great_a diocese_n and_o the_o buryingplace_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o small_a and_o least_o beautiful_a structure_n of_o that_o kind_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v in_o that_o country_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n be_v real_o well_o build_v but_o beside_o the_o extraordinary_a smallness_n and_o obscurity_n of_o the_o court_n it_o have_v neither_o garden_n wood_n nor_o water_n nor_o be_v it_o adorn_v with_o any_o wall_n or_o avenue_n it_o be_v former_o a_o strong_a place_n when_o the_o strength_n of_o place_n consist_v in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o situation_n but_o it_o be_v now_o only_o fit_a to_o refist_n some_o fly_a party_n of_o horse_n it_o be_v here_o where_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v with_o the_o royal_a ornament_n that_o be_v use_v at_o the_o king_n coronation_n there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o little_a hill_n or_o rise_v ground_n on_o which_o it_o stand_v the_o cave_n or_o den_n of_o that_o furious_a dragon_n which_o make_v such_o a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o which_o it_o be_v say_v cracus_n kill_v by_o lay_v some_o meat_n for_o he_o mix_v with_o pitch_n and_o brimstone_n when_o the_o coronation-day_n draw_v near_o the_o king_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o cracow_n on_o horseback_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v a_o canopy_n of_o state_n before_o he_o the_o troop_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n march_v before_o with_o their_o officer_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o palatine_n bishop_n and_o ambassador_n on_o horseback_n the_o ceremony_n be_v doubtless_o very_o splendid_a and_o i_o know_v not_o where_o a_o traveller_n can_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v a_o more_o magnificent_a cavalcade_n a_o man_n who_o ride_v on_o horseback_n before_o the_o king_n scatters_z some_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n stamp_v with_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o new_a king_n among_o the_o people_n in_o the_o street_n but_o this_o liberality_n cost_v he_o so_o little_a that_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v a_o hundred_o crown_n distribute_v thus_o the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o city_n gate_n to_o the_o castle_n pass_v through_o the_o public_a place_n where_o there_o be_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n adorn_v with_o statue_n device_n and_o various_a inscription_n on_o the_o day_n that_o precede_v the_o coronation_n which_o be_v call_v the_o day_n of_o expiation_n they_o perform_v the_o funeral_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n who_o body_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n at_o schalka_n where_o the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n and_o the_o chancellor_n their_o seal_n against_o the_o king_n coffin_n the_o new_a king_n go_v also_o thither_o
with_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o duchy_n and_o all_o that_o be_v present_a at_o court_n the_o company_n be_v of_o tradesman_n walk_v thither_o barefoot_a in_o procession_n each_o of_o they_o accompany_v with_o the_o representation_n of_o a_o coffin_n cover_v with_o a_o pall_n support_v by_o two_o men._n thus_o the_o whole_a multitude_n go_v to_o visit_v the_o relic_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o year_n 1079_o by_o king_n boleslaus_n as_o he_o be_v say_v mass_n after_o which_o they_o bring_v back_o the_o body_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n to_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n which_o be_v the_o buryingplace_n of_o his_o predecessor_n the_o day_n after_o the_o funeral_n be_v the_o coronation-day_n the_o ceremony_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_n for_o stephen_n battori_n be_v crown_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n because_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v of_o the_o faction_n of_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n who_o a_o party_n of_o polander_n have_v choose_v and_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n be_v crown_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n because_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesâ—a_n die_v during_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n this_o day_n the_o king_n be_v rich_o clothe_v be_v conduct_v in_o solemn_a procession_n to_o the_o cathedral_n church_n by_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n before_o he_o enter_v into_o the_o church_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o kingdom_n bring_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o naked_a sword_n to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o lay_v they_o upon_o the_o altar_n after_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n have_v receive_v the_o king_n and_o bold_v he_o between_o they_o present_v he_o to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o who_o he_o make_v a_o bow_n the_o king_n be_v in_o this_o condition_n the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o two_o bishop_n put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o obligation_n to_o the_o republic_n after_o which_o he_o kiss_v the_o archbishop_n hand_n and_o lay_v his_o own_o upon_o the_o gospel_n he_o swear_v to_o observe_v inviolable_o all_o the_o article_n which_o he_o have_v before_o swear_v to_o keep_v in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o st._n john_n at_o warsaw_n the_o oath_n run_v thus_o we_o n._n choose_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n massovia_n prussia_n samogitia_n livonia_n smolensko_n volhinia_n kiovia_n siberia_n podolia_n podlassia_n and_o czernikowia_fw-la by_o all_o the_o order_n of_o both_o estate_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n and_o of_o all_o the_o province_n which_o depend_v upon_o they_o and_o be_v incorporate_v with_o they_o have_v be_v elect_v free_o and_o with_o the_o vnanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o promise_v sincere_o and_o swear_v before_o almighty_a god_n and_o upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o maintain_v observe_v keep_v and_o fulfil_v in_o all_o their_o circumstance_n point_n and_o article_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunity_n and_o privilege_n both_o public_a and_o private_a that_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o both_o these_o nation_n or_o to_o any_o law_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o temporal_a that_o have_v be_v just_o and_o lawful_o esiablish_v by_o our_o predecessor_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n or_o grant_v by_o all_o the_o order_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la to_o all_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n lord_n baron_n gentleman_n citizen_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o condition_n soever_o with_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la agree_v upon_o betwixt_o our_o ambassador_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n moreover_o we_o promise_v to_o maintain_v whatsever_fw-fr be_v fuâ—â—ed_v or_o agree_v upon_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o our_o election_n or_o shall_v be_v enact_v or_o agree_v upon_o in_o that_o of_o our_o coronation_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o and_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o unite_v to_o their_o land_n and_o revenue_n whatsoever_o have_v be_v in_o any_o in_o owner_n alinate_v or_o dismember_a therefront_n by_o what_o way_n soever_o not_o to_o contract_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n but_o to_o defend_v and_o enlarge_v they_o to_o establish_v court_n of_o justice_n in_o all_o place_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o to_o render_v justice_n to_o every_o one_o without_o delay_n or_o respect_n to_o person_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o god_n forbid_v that_o we_o shall_v violate_v our_o oath_n in_o any_o one_o point_n we_o consent_v that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o of_o all_o our_o territory_n shall_v be_v discharge_v and_o exempt_v from_o the_o obedience_n and_o fidelity_n they_o owe_v we_o after_o the_o king_n have_v take_v this_o oath_n he_o kneel_v upon_o a_o cushion_n of_o red_a taffata_n while_o the_o litany_n of_o the_o saint_n be_v read_v at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o they_o take_v off_o his_o clothes_n and_o the_o archbishop_n anoint_v his_o right_a hand_n and_o arm_v up_o to_o the_o elbow_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o afterward_o his_o shoulder_n and_o forehead_n and_o then_o they_o put_v on_o his_o clothes_n again_o after_o this_o ceremony_n the_o two_o bishop_n conduct_v he_o to_o the_o chapel_n where_o they_o clothe_v he_o with_o another_o habit_n somewhat_o resemble_v that_o of_o a_o bishop_n then_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o duchy_n with_o the_o officer_n that_o be_v senator_n place_v he_o upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o church_n where_o he_o hear_v mass_n and_o be_v afterward_o bring_v back_o to_o the_o altar_n where_o the_o archbishop_n put_v a_o naked_a sword_n into_o his_o right-hand_n say_v receive_v this_o sword_n with_o which_o you_o be_v powerful_o to_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o holy_a church_n and_o the_o faithful_a after_o which_o the_o great_a standard-bearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n gird_n it_o to_o his_o side_n the_o king_n have_v the_o sword_n by_o his_o side_n draws_z it_o out_o of_o the_o scabbard_n and_o beat_v the_o air_n four_o time_n in_o form_n of_o a_o cross_n towards_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o have_v wipe_v it_o upon_o his_o left_a arm_n he_o put_v it_o up_o again_o into_o the_o seabbard_n then_o he_o kneel_v and_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n the_o sceptre_n into_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n of_o gold_n into_o his_o left_a after_o which_o the_o king_n rise_v and_o his_o sword_n be_v draw_v and_o give_v to_o the_o sword-bearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v carry_v before_o he_o and_o then_o march_v between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o two_o bishop_n he_o be_v bring_v back_o to_o the_o same_o throne_n all_o these_o ceremony_n be_v end_v the_o archbishop_n return_v to_o the_o altar_n and_o after_o te_fw-la deum_fw-la be_v sing_v and_o that_o prelate_n seat_v the_o king_n come_v to_o make_v his_o confession_n to_o he_o after_o which_o he_o give_v the_o sacrament_n to_o his_o majesty_n and_o then_o the_o benediction_n to_o the_o people_n this_o do_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n cry_v vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la and_o be_v answer_v by_o all_o the_o people_n who_o repeat_v the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n scatter_v money_n among_o the_o people_n who_o be_v in_o the_o church_n '_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o describe_v the_o feast_n that_o usual_o follow_v this_o ceremony_n since_o i_o intend_v in_o a_o peculiar_a chapter_n to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o feast_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o polander_n only_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o a_o feast_n which_o a_o king_n make_v after_o his_o coronation_n be_v very_o splendid_a and_o magnificent_a the_o day_n after_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n go_v in_o great_a pomp_n be_v clothe_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n to_o the_o townhouse_n where_o upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v before_o the_o house_n the_o magistrate_n come_v to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n of_o all_o the_o gate_n in_o a_o silver_n dish_n the_o chancellor_n or_o vicechancellor_n assure_v they_o reciprocal_o of_o the_o affection_n and_o clemency_n of_o the_o king_n and_z reads_z with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o they_o take_v kneel_v and_o hold_v up_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o present_v his_o majesty_n with_o a_o purse_n full_a of_o ducat_n after_o
which_o he_o restore_v the_o key_n and_o make_v some_o of_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o city_n or_o of_o some_o other_o place_n golden_a knight_n by_o strike_v they_o soft_o with_o his_o naked_a sword_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n this_o do_v the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n scatter_v some_o piece_n of_o silver_n among_o the_o people_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n go_v to_o a_o house_n that_o look_v into_o the_o square_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o the_o castle_n with_o the_o same_o train_n that_o accompany_v he_o to_o the_o townhouse_n i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o get_v himself_o crown_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o occasion_n to_o show_v what_o advantage_n he_o receive_v by_o it_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o assoon_o as_o the_o polish_v nobleman_n have_v choose_v their_o king_n they_o begin_v to_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o usurper_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o king_n look_v upon_o the_o nobility_n as_o a_o formidable_a body_n that_o oppose_v all_o his_o design_n now_o he_o can_v either_o weaken_v they_o or_o strengthen_v himself_o more_o effectual_o than_o by_o make_v they_o pay_v dear_a for_o the_o favour_n he_o bestow_v upon_o '_o they_o for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o office_n benesices_n and_o royal_a gift_n which_o amonnt_n to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o can_v do_v till_o after_o his_o coronation_n nevertheless_o the_o late_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o observe_v this_o maxim_n that_o though_o he_o may_v have_v be_v crown_v immediate_o after_o the_o day_n of_o his_o election_n which_o be_v may_n 19_o 1674._o he_o do_v not_o appoint_v the_o day_n for_o his_o coronation_n till_o feb._n 2._o 1676._o during_o which_o time_n he_o make_v two_o campagnes_n one_o in_o vkrania_n and_o the_o other_o in_o podolia_n as_o for_o that_o in_o vkrania_n he_o set_v out_o from_o warsaw_n august_n 22._o 1674._o and_o advance_v towards_o leopold_n where_o his_o army_n be_v to_o rendezvous_n there_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n lie_v sick_a at_o casimir_n upon_o the_o vistula_n whereupon_o he_o leave_v the_o camp_n at_o leopold_n and_o arrive_v at_o casimir_n on_o the_o 8_o of_o october_n not_o long_o after_o he_o return_v to_o the_o army_n because_o the_o night_n begin_v to_o grow_v so_o cold_a that_o the_o turk_n who_o be_v not_o accustom_a to_o such_o a_o cold_a climate_n begin_v to_o think_v of_o retire_v after_o the_o turk_n have_v withdraw_v their_o force_n the_o king_n lead_v the_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o of_o lithuania_n which_o both_o together_o amount_v to_o about_o 30000_o man_n into_o vkrania_n where_o he_o keep_v they_o so_o long_o that_o the_o lithuanian_a troop_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o great_a general_n patz_n abandon_v he_o to_o avoid_v the_o miserable_a fate_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o be_v so_o harass_v with_o hunger_n and_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o less_o than_o 3000_o man_n for_o the_o king_n stay_v in_o vkrania_n till_o april_n and_o arrive_v on_o the_o 25_o of_o that_o month_n at_o sloczow_n whither_o the_o queen_n be_v come_v to_o receive_v he_o the_o turk_n understanding_n that_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v ruin_v in_o vkrania_n that_o the_o king_n be_v go_v back_o with_o the_o miserable_a remnant_n of_o his_o force_n and_o that_o those_o of_o lithuania_n have_v leave_v he_o against_o his_o will_n they_o return_v with_o a_o great_a army_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n 1675_o when_o the_o king_n be_v at_o jawarow_n think_v of_o nothing_o but_o to_o refresh_v himself_o after_o the_o fatigue_n of_o the_o precede_a campaign_n but_o upon_o the_o first_o advice_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o ottoman_a army_n which_o consist_v of_o 30000_o turk_n and_o 80000_o tartar_n he_o set_v out_o from_o jawarow_a the_o 10_o of_o july_n and_o march_v in_o haste_n to_o leopold_n which_o the_o turk_n threaten_v to_o besiege_v he_o encamp_v near_o the_o city_n with_o about_o 3000_o man_n who_o he_o have_v draw_v together_o and_o the_o turk_n be_v inform_v of_o his_o weakness_n send_v a_o body_n of_o 14000_o tartar_n to_o force_v his_o camp_n but_o they_o dare_v not_o attack_v he_o it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o tartar_n be_v kill_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o august_n 1675_o in_o the_o attack_z of_o the_o camp_n at_o leopold_n though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v only_o one_o horse_n wound_v with_o a_o arrow_n for_o the_o tartar_n retire_v without_o lose_v one_o of_o their_o man_n or_o wound_v one_o of_o their_o enemy_n the_o turk_n as_o i_o intimate_v before_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o winter_n in_o poland_n for_o have_v once_o enter_v russia_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n and_o not_o return_v soon_o enough_o they_o be_v surprise_v with_o so_o violent_a a_o cold_a that_o above_o 40000_o of_o they_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n and_o many_o be_v find_v dead_a in_o their_o horse_n belly_n into_o which_o they_o have_v creep_v to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o the_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o oblige_v they_o to_o retire_v out_o of_o poland_n by_o the_o end_n of_o october_n at_o far_a chap._n xx._n of_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n have_v discourse_v at_o length_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o their_o election_n and_o coronation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o queen_n it_o be_v certain_o of_o great_a importance_n to_o the_o republic_n that_o a_o king_n when_o he_o marry_v shall_v choose_v a_o princess_n who_o alliance_n may_v be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o state_n and_o therefore_o this_o article_n be_v insert_v in_o the_o paeta_n conventa_fw-la which_o the_o new_a king_n swear_v to_o observe_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n for_o they_o be_v as_o much_o concern_v as_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o queen_n though_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o choose_v any_o of_o his_o child_n to_o succeed_v he_o so_o that_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n unless_o he_o resolve_v to_o violate_v his_o oath_n and_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o jealousy_n and_o hatred_n of_o his_o people_n who_o be_v not_o easy_o pacify_v on_o such_o occasion_n thus_o when_o sigismond_n iii_o marry_v ann_n of_o austria_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o he_o meet_v with_o so_o much_o opposition_n in_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v afterward_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v his_o fault_n as_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n so_o he_o can_v divorce_v his_o wife_n without_o the_o same_o approbation_n for_o when_o sigismond_n augustus_n the_o last_o of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o jagellon_n separate_v from_o elizabeth_n of_o austria_n because_o of_o a_o crime_n with_o which_o she_o be_v false_o charge_v and_o after_o her_o death_n marry_v one_o radziwill_n a_o widow_n of_o a_o palatin_n of_o troki_n the_o senator_n be_v so_o exasperate_v that_o they_o have_v almost_o proceed_v to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a because_o he_o slight_v his_o fair_a and_o chaste_a queen_n and_o wife_n and_o marry_v the_o widow_n of_o a_o simple_a palatin_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o vladislaus_n the_o iv_o pursue_v wise_a maxim_n he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o irritate_v a_o stubborn_a and_o seditious_a people_n and_o have_v a_o more_o tender_a regard_n to_o the_o article_n he_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v for_o when_o the_o king_n of_o england_n offer_v he_o his_o niece_n the_o elector_n palatine_n daughter_n in_o marriage_n he_o decline_v the_o match_n and_o declare_v that_o he_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o in_o that_o case_n he_o can_v not_o expect_v to_o obtain_v because_o the_o princess_n be_v a_o protestant_n when_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n marry_v after_o his_o coronation_n the_o queen_n can_v be_v crown_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o if_o he_o be_v marry_v before_o he_o may_v cause_v she_o also_o to_o be_v crown_v without_o ask_v their_o consent_n so_o that_o the_o report_n which_o be_v spread_v abroad_o after_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n iii_o be_v false_a and_o groundless_a for_o it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n will_v
encamp_v that_o they_o may_v be_v perpetual_o under_o a_o strict_a discipline_n ready_a to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v keep_v from_o pillage_n and_o ruine_v the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o expedient_a will_v doubtless_o be_v very_o agreeable_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o people_n who_o can_v with_o less_o trouble_n raise_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o troop_n at_o distance_n than_o maintain_v they_o at_o home_o and_o suffer_v all_o the_o disorder_n which_o they_o commit_v in_o their_o frequent_a march_n through_o the_o country_n this_o remedy_n have_v be_v very_o much_o commend_v by_o some_o but_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o soldier_n be_v always_o keep_v in_o a_o camp_n under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o officer_n '_o twon_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n too_o powerful_a thus_o the_o soldier_n continue_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n and_o harrass_n the_o kingdom_n without_o any_o prospect_n of_o redress_n i_o intimate_v before_o that_o the_o want_n of_o discipline_n and_o the_o little_a order_n that_o be_v observe_v among_o the_o polish_v troop_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v a_o new_a army_n almost_o every_o year_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o pay_v their_o soldier_n which_o be_v neither_o every_o week_n nor_o every_o month_n nor_o every_o six_o month_n and_o sometime_o not_o at_o all_o be_v a_o more_o dangerous_a fault_n because_o it_o keep_v they_o under_o a_o perpetual_a temptation_n to_o desert_n for_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o army_n they_o live_v upon_o colewore_n root_n fruit_n which_o they_o find_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o on_o horseflesh_n when_o they_o can_v get_v it_o it_o be_v not_o the_o castom_n in_o poland_n to_o give_v ammunition-bread_n so_o that_o the_o officer_n be_v force_v to_o let_v the_o soldier_n shift_v for_o themselves_o and_o consequent_o since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v starve_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o must_v raise_v a_o new_a army_n every_o year_n they_o pay_v the_o officer_n but_o once_o in_o the_o year_n and_o frequent_o but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o for_o that_o end_n they_o appoint_v commissioner_n to_o meet_v at_o some_o place_n remote_a from_o the_o court_n because_o by_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o meeting_n that_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n though_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o his_o name_n the_o commissioner_n that_o be_v depute_v by_o the_o diet_n regulate_v the_o payment_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o usual_o make_v some_o abatement_n especial_o to_o stranger_n nor_o must_v they_o be_v absolute_o blame_v for_o abridge_n the_o pay_n of_o the_o officer_n because_o they_o hardly_o lie_v out_o any_o money_n for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o their_o company_n whereas_o the_o commissioner_n make_v up_o their_o account_n as_o if_o they_o have_v entertain_v their_o soldier_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o polish_v service_n be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o wait_v some_o time_n for_o their_o mony_n the_o army_n be_v usual_o pay_v but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o sometime_o the_o republic_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v they_o then_o which_o occasion_n a_o universal_a murmur_a among_o the_o soldier_n and_o oblige_v they_o sometime_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n after_o the_o officer_n have_v long_o complain_v of_o the_o retain_v of_o their_o pay_n and_o have_v remonstrate_v to_o the_o court_n and_o to_o the_o diet_n that_o they_o can_v no_o long_o subsist_v without_o it_o and_o after_o they_o perceive_v that_o their_o complaint_n and_o remonstrance_n be_v neglect_v they_o assemble_v together_o and_o make_v a_o rokoâ—z_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n signify_v a_o separation_n from_o their_o general_n the_o subaltern_n officer_n thus_o assemble_v choose_v two_o of_o their_o number_n one_o for_o their_o marshal_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o licutenant_n to_o these_o officer_n who_o they_o call_v substitute_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o oblige_v the_o republic_n to_o pay_v they_o after_o which_o the_o marshal_n command_v this_o confederate_a army_n as_o if_o he_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o general_n of_o it_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o consider_v person_n that_o such_o a_o revolt_n must_v be_v attend_v with_o terrible_a consequenees_n for_o then_o the_o army_n in_o stead_n of_o march_v towards_o the_o enemy_n or_o guard_v the_o frontier_n harass_n the_o country_n and_o with_o a_o unbridled_a liberty_n overruns_a the_o estate_n of_o the_o nobleman_n make_v necessity_n the_o prtext_n of_o all_o the_o disorder_n they_o commit_v the_o danger_n of_o these_o confederacy_n will_v appear_v if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o violent_a proceed_n of_o the_o confederate_a army_n of_o which_o swiderski_n be_v marshal_n and_o borzecki_n substitute_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o occasion_v by_o want_n of_o pay_n as_o by_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v by_o some_o person_n who_o hope_v to_o enrich_v themselves_o during_o the_o general_n disorder_n which_o can_v not_o be_v quiet_v without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o trouble_n at_o leopold_n by_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o army_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n or_o constitution_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v presume_v to_o hold_v meeting_n make_v harangue_n raise_v sedition_n or_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o death_n and_o that_o whosoever_o shall_v join_v the_o confederate_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o office_n i_o have_v also_o observe_v another_o defect_n in_o poland_n concern_v the_o office_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n which_o be_v give_v for_o life_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o displace_v a_o general_n who_o he_o have_v once_o advance_v though_o he_o be_v often_o oblige_v to_o confer_v this_o dignity_n upon_o some_o great_a lord_n who_o be_v perfect_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o art_n of_o war._n it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o strange_a then_o that_o poland_n shall_v suffer_v some_o loss_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o let_v slip_v several_a opportunity_n of_o weaken_v their_o enemy_n for_o they_o have_v more_o need_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n of_o a_o active_a and_o experience_a general_n who_o know_v how_o to_o manage_v the_o soldier_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o in_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o forage_v for_o the_o horse_n nor_o subsistance_n for_o the_o foot_n who_o will_v never_o engage_v his_o troop_n in_o any_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v easy_o make_v good_a his_o retreat_n nor_o ever_o neglect_v a_o advantageous_a occasion_n of_o give_v battle_n to_o his_o enemy_n and_o especial_o one_o who_o know_v that_o a_o numerous_a army_n ought_v not_o to_o engage_v with_o a_o small_a one_o in_o a_o narrow_a and_o close_a place_n because_o in_o such_o a_o case_n a_o handful_n of_o man_n may_v beat_v a_o formidable_a army_n as_o it_o appear_v for_o example_n by_o the_o instance_n of_o marshal_n lubomirski_n who_o defeat_v the_o vanguard_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n army_n at_o the_o passage_n of_o montroi_n and_o of_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n who_o though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o army_n of_o king_n casimir_n iii_o defeat_v they_o in_o a_o place_n where_o king_n casimir_n troop_n can_v not_o extend_v themselves_o nor_o put_v themselves_o in_o battalion_n if_o therefore_o the_o polander_n have_v experience_v general_n they_o may_v one_o day_n destroy_v all_o the_o ottoman_a infantry_n for_o which_o they_o have_v have_v several_a fair_a opportunity_n they_o may_v regain_v all_o that_o they_o have_v lose_v and_o even_o extend_v their_o conquest_n far_o but_o to_o obtain_v this_o advantage_n the_o office_n of_o general_n of_o the_o army_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v for_o life_n but_o only_o to_o person_n of_o merry_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o more_o animate_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o officer_n than_o the_o hope_n of_o high_a preferment_n and_o there_o be_v more_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o honour_n when_o they_o may_v attain_v it_o by_o their_o own_o merit_n without_o expect_v the_o death_n of_o those_o who_o possess_v it_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o heretofore_o this_o office_n be_v not_o give_v for_o life_n in_o poland_n as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a for_o john_n tarnowski_n be_v the_o first_o who_o king_n sigismond_n make_v perpetual_a general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o aâ—serwards_o nicholas_n radziwill_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n in_o lithuania_n there_o be_v also_o in_o poland_n another_o disorder_n among_o the_o officer_n viz._n
that_o they_o seldom_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o rendezvous_n on_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o who_o do_v not_o arrive_v there_o with_o their_o company_n or_o regiment_n till_o a_o month_n and_o sometime_o six_o week_n after_o and_o even_o there_o be_v some_o who_o leave_v the_o army_n a_o month_n before_o the_o campagne_n be_v end_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o general_n may_v easy_o remedy_n this_o disorder_n but_o they_o dare_v not_o attempt_v to_o do_v it_o for_o fear_v of_o offend_v some_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o affection_n they_o must_v careful_o preserve_v for_o they_o who_o leave_v the_o army_n or_o come_v not_o to_o the_o rendezvous_n by_o the_o day_n prefix_v be_v common_o polish_v gentleman_n and_o not_o stranger_n who_o be_v more_o exact_a and_o dare_v not_o assume_v such_o liberty_n without_o ask_v and_o obtain_v leave_v as_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n without_o money_n so_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o raise_v money_n but_o by_o tax_n and_o therefore_o beside_o the_o ordinary_a revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o office_n that_o be_v in_o the_o king_n gift_n the_o custom_n upon_o wine_n and_o merchandize_n and_o the_o tribute_n that_o be_v exact_v from_o the_o jew_n they_o impose_v also_o in_o time_n of_o necessity_n a_o certain_a sum_n by_o way_n of_o poll_n upon_o every_o person_n be_v head_n which_o be_v no_o new_a sort_n of_o tax_n in_o poland_n for_o king_n casimir_n iii_o after_o he_o have_v lose_v the_o battle_n against_o the_o toutonick_a knight_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o peotrkow_n in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o whole_a gentry_n and_o clergy_n and_o even_o the_o king_n himself_o shall_v give_v half_a of_o their_o revenue_n for_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n the_o polish_v army_n be_v compose_v of_o polander_n and_o stranger_n all_o the_o polish_v troop_n be_v cavalry_n and_o be_v call_v husartsz_n and_o tovarzysz_n the_o husartsz_n be_v choose_v man_n brave_a and_o in_o good_a condition_n the_o tovarzysz_n be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o word_n which_o signify_v a_o comrade_n and_o both_o sort_n be_v gentleman_n the_o one_o be_v arm_v with_o lance_n and_o the_o other_o with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o there_o be_v some_o troop_n of_o horse_n who_o have_v behind_o their_o back_n wing_n make_v of_o cock_n feather_n which_o be_v usual_o white_a in_o order_n to_o frighten_v the_o enemy_n horse_n which_o be_v not_o accustom_a to_o such_o sight_n they_o be_v all_o rich_o clothe_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o tiger_n leopard_n or_o panther_n their_o horse_n be_v also_o very_o sine_fw-la and_o well-harnessed_n in_o a_o word_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o they_o be_v the_o fine_a and_o best_a cavalry_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o they_o will_v be_v invincible_a if_o they_o be_v more_o submissive_a and_o better_o pay_v as_o for_o the_o foreign_a troop_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o infantry_n and_o be_v call_v foreigner_n because_o they_o be_v keep_v on_o german_a pay_n and_o receive_v the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o the_o german_a language_n though_o most_o of_o the_o soldier_n and_o officer_n be_v polander_n those_o troop_n be_v divide_v into_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o dragoon_n and_o the_o regiment_n into_o company_n as_o in_o france_n but_o the_o soldier_n be_v so_o miserable_o poor_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v neither_o sword_n nor_o shoe_n when_o they_o lie_v in_o town_n they_o live_v on_o three_o gros_n a_o day_n which_o be_v worth_a two_o penny_n of_o polish_v money_n or_o a_o penny_n english_a and_o upon_o what_o they_o can_v steal_v from_o the_o peasant_n that_o come_v that_o come_v to_o the_o market_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o give_v they_o ammunition-bread_n and_o even_o the_o officer_n of_o foot_n be_v not_o better_o clothe_v than_o our_o common_a soldier_n i_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o equipage_n with_o which_o the_o polander_n go_v to_o the_o army_n and_o first_o there_o be_v no_o â—utlers_n in_o the_o polish_v army_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o soldier_n will_v not_o pay_v they_o they_o can_v never_o arrive_v in_o the_o camp_n without_o be_v plunder_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o especial_o by_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o be_v more_o accustom_a to_o pillage_n than_o the_o polander_n so_o that_o every_o man_n must_v carry_v every_o thing_n that_o he_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o along_o with_o he_o which_o oblige_v the_o officer_n to_o hare_n a_o great_a equipage_n and_o to_o provide_v sufficient_a quantity_n of_o meat_n bacon_n butter_n salt_n sugar_n comfit_n spice_n beer_n hungary-wine_n brandy_n oat_n and_o general_o of_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o themselves_o their_o servant_n and_o their_o horse_n they_o have_v many_o wagon_n as_o well_o for_o carry_v all_o sort_n of_o provision_n as_o their_o tent_n which_o be_v very_o heavy_a but_o very_o fine_a as_o for_o the_o poor_a soldier_n i_o have_v already_o intimate_v that_o they_o live_v upon_o root_n and_o the_o flesh_n of_o dead_a horse_n or_o such_o as_o they_o find_v lie_v in_o quagmire_n for_o if_o the_o owner_n do_v not_o take_v speedy_a care_n to_o draw_v he_o out_o he_o must_v expect_v to_o be_v prevent_v by_o the_o famish_v soldier_n who_o in_o a_o moment_n cut_v he_o into_o a_o thousand_o piece_n it_o be_v general_o know_v and_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o success_n of_o a_o enterprise_n espeial_o in_o war_n depend_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n upon_o two_o thing_n viz._n secrecy_n and_o the_o certain_a knowledge_n which_o a_o general_n ought_v to_o have_v of_o the_o strength_n or_o weakness_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v post_v as_o for_o secrecy_n which_o be_v the_o soul_n of_o all_o important_a affair_n it_o be_v so_o little_o observe_v in_o poland_n that_o every_o petty_a officer_n be_v acquaint_v with_o all_o the_o great_a general_n be_v design_n and_o as_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o enemy_n since_o the_o polander_n never_o make_v use_n of_o spy_n they_o never_o learn_v any_o news_n of_o the_o enemy_n army_n till_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o of_o their_o party_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o news_n which_o come_v from_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v so_o uncertain_a that_o those_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o country_n seldom_o give_v any_o credit_n to_o these_o report_n the_o army_n of_o poland_n be_v thus_o compose_v and_o be_v accompany_v with_o such_o a_o equipage_n as_o i_o late_o mention_v be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o great_a general_n and_o of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o field_n and_o beside_o these_o two_o general_a officer_n there_o be_v also_o other_o under_o they_o as_o the_o master_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o pissarsz_n or_o intendant_n of_o the_o army_n the_o great_a standard-bearer_n the_o field-marshal_n the_o general_n of_o the_o sentinel_n and_o the_o major-general_n who_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o brigadier_n before_o i_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o observable_a in_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o be_v that_o if_o news_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v at_o table_n that_o the_o enemy_n appear_v they_o will_v not_o stir_v till_o they_o have_v do_v to_o mount_v their_o horse_n and_o pursue_v their_o enemy_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o estate_n in_o poland_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n either_o royal_a ecclesiastic_a or_o patrimonial_a the_o royal_a estate_n be_v part_n of_o the_o domain_a and_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n they_o consist_v of_o the_o starosty_n saltwork_n and_o half_a the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n of_o dantzick_n as_o for_o the_o starosty_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o on_o polish_v gentleman_n within_o six_o month_n after_o a_o vacancy_n for_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n to_o reserve_v any_o of_o they_o for_o himself_o except_o those_o that_o be_v call_v royal_a oeconomy_n which_o together_o with_o the_o saltwork_n and_o the_o port_n of_o dantzick_n belong_v proper_o to_o he_o so_o that_o his_o whole_a revenue_n amount_v to_o but_o about_o a_o million_o of_o liver_n but_o then_o he_o be_v not_o to_o pay_v any_o troop_n out_o of_o it_o not_o so_o so_o much_o as_o his_o own_o regiment_n of_o guard_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n who_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n serve_v he_o without_o any_o salary_n in_o hope_n of_o obtain_v some_o benefice_n or_o starostie_a so_o that_o he_o be_v at_o no_o charge_n but_o for_o his_o table_n clothes_n and_o stable_a and_o beside_o he_o receive_v many_o
templo_fw-la plusquam_fw-la sacerdos_n in_o republica_a plusquam_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o sententia_fw-la dicenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la senator_n in_o judicio_fw-la plusquam_fw-la jurisconsultus_fw-la in_o exercitu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la imperator_fw-la in_o acie_n plusquam_fw-la miles_n in_o adversis_fw-la perferendis_fw-la injuriisque_fw-la condonandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la vir._n in_o publica_fw-la libertate_fw-la tuenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la civis_fw-la in_o pater_fw-la colenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la amicus_fw-la in_o convictu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la familiaris_fw-la in_o venatione_n ferisque_fw-la domandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la leo._n in_o tota_fw-la reliqua_fw-la vita_fw-la plusquam_fw-la philosophus_fw-la sigismond_n iii_o 1587._o an._n d._n 1587._o the_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n by_o catherine_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n i._o have_v renounce_v the_o protestant_a religion_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n he_o order_v maximilian_n archduke_n of_o austria_n who_o the_o crown-general_n zamoski_n have_v defeat_v to_o be_v bind_v with_o golden-fetter_n and_o carry_v to_o zamosch_n where_o he_o keep_v he_o prisoner_n two_o year_n vladislaus_n vi_o or_o iu_o the_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o sigismond_n he_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o encounter_v a_o army_n of_o 200000_o muscovite_n with_o 50000_o man_n and_o rout_v they_o entire_o after_o this_o memorable_a and_o important_a victory_n he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o moscow_n and_o return_v in_o triumph_n to_o warsaw_n with_o two_o czar_n the_o patriarch_n the_o crown_n and_o 500_o wagon_n load_v with_o rich_a spoil_n he_o defeat_v the_o grand_a signior_n osman_n and_o pursue_v he_o almost_o as_o far_o as_o constantinople_n afterward_o he_o be_v so_o animate_v with_o a_o imprudent_a zeal_n for_o the_o propagate_a of_o religion_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy-land_n and_o die_v for_o grief_n because_o the_o polander_n refuse_v to_o raise_v subsidy_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o prosecute_v that_o design_n after_o his_o death_n the_o kingdom_n be_v harass_v by_o the_o cossack_n who_o be_v principal_o incense_v against_o the_o jew_n and_o jesuit_n john_n casimit_n who_o be_v former_o a_o jesuit_n and_o a_o cardinal_n be_v elect_v king_n after_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n and_o obtain_v a_o dispensation_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o marry_v his_o widow_n he_o defeat_v the_o cossack_n in_o a_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a battle_n near_o beresteczko_n in_o russia_n have_v by_o this_o victory_n curb_v that_o factious_a people_n and_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o begin_v to_o indulge_v himself_o in_o his_o pleasure_n he_o banish_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o he_o have_v debauch_v his_o wife_n and_o that_o injure_v officer_n return_v to_o sweden_n persuade_v that_o prince_n to_o invade_v poland_n which_o he_o do_v with_o so_o great_a success_n that_o casimir_n be_v entire_o dispossess_v but_o he_o be_v afterward_o recall_v even_o by_o those_o who_o join_v with_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o several_a battle_n oblige_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n at_o last_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o his_o queen_n that_o he_o may_v make_v way_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n to_o succeed_v he_o he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o retire_v to_o france_n where_o he_o be_v make_v abbot_n of_o st._n germane_a michael_n after_o casimir_n abdication_n several_a intrigue_n be_v make_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n newburg_n and_o york_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n who_o stand_v candidate_n for_o the_o crown_n at_o that_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n but_o when_o that_o be_v object_v against_o he_o by_o the_o nobility_n a_o certain_a jesuit_n who_o be_v employ_v to_o manage_v his_o interest_n declare_v open_o before_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n that_o he_o be_v a_o roman-catholick_n at_o last_o contrary_a to_o all_o expectation_n the_o election_n be_v determine_v in_o favour_n of_o michael_n coributh_n wisnowieczki_n who_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n this_o prince_n die_v at_o warsaw_n about_o a_o year_n after_o his_o coronation_n and_o it_o be_v common_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v poison_v by_o a_o certain_a priest_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o general_n sobieski_n afterward_o choose_a king_n come_v to_o see_v he_o in_o his_o coffin_n the_o nose_n of_o the_o decease_a prince_n begin_v to_o bleed_v assoon_o as_o he_o enter_v the_o room_n john_n sobieski_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o very_a noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n he_o be_v the_o young_a son_n of_o sobieski_n castellan_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o stanislas_n zolkiewski_n great_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v make_v great_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n august_n 24._o 1665_o great_a general_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o 1667_o and_o great_a master_n of_o the_o king_n household_n palatin_a of_o cracow_n etc._n etc._n he_o retake_v 60_o city_n from_o the_o rebel_n cossack_n in_o vkrania_n in_o 1667._o he_o defend_v podhais_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o two_o year_n after_o take_v from_o they_o and_o the_o cossack_n the_o whole_a palatinate_n of_o braclaw_n in_o lower_n podolia_fw-la in_o 1673._o he_o obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n over_o the_o turk_n at_o choczim_n on_o the_o niester_n where_o 8000_o janissary_n and_o 20000_o spahis_n be_v kill_v he_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n may_v 10_o 1674_o and_o make_v two_o campaign_n against_o the_o turk_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v but_o that_o which_o will_v for_o ever_o perpetuate_v the_o honour_n of_o his_o memory_n be_v that_o glorious_a and_o important_a action_n which_o he_o perform_v in_o 1683_o when_o he_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o vienna_n the_o follow_a panegyrical_a character_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v make_v upon_o that_o occasion_n joanni_fw-it iii_o dominatione_fw-la polonico_n lithuanico_n liberatione_n austriaco_n pannonico_n profligatione_fw-la ottomanico_fw-la thracio_n religione_fw-la christianissimo_fw-la pielate_fw-la catholico_fw-la zelo_fw-la apostolico_fw-la inter_fw-la deuce_n pugnacissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la sapientissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la imperatores_fw-la augustissimo_fw-la cui_fw-la gloria_fw-la militaris_fw-la regna_fw-la peperit_fw-la clementia_n stabilivit_fw-la virtus_fw-la perennavit_fw-la qui_fw-la raro_fw-la pietatis_fw-la &_o constantiae_fw-la exemplo_fw-la propria_fw-la deserens_fw-la aliena_fw-la defendens_fw-la docuit_fw-la quo_fw-la pacto_fw-la sacra_fw-la foederis_fw-la jura_fw-la jungantur_fw-la custodiantur_fw-la &_o compleantur_fw-la ottomani_fw-la be_fw-mi lunam_fw-la fulgentissimo_fw-la crucis_fw-la vexillo_fw-la eternam_fw-la eclypsim_fw-la minitantem_fw-la adeo_fw-la prosper_v feliciterque_fw-la finibus_fw-la extirpavit_fw-la ut_fw-la unum_fw-la idemque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la venisse_fw-la vidisse_fw-la &_o vicisse_fw-la igitur_fw-la inter_fw-la innumeros_fw-la christiani_n orbis_n plausus_fw-la inter_fw-la vindicatam_fw-la religionis_fw-la &_o imperii_fw-la laetitiam_fw-la inter_fw-la cruentae_fw-la lunae_fw-la extrema_fw-la deliquia_fw-la agnoscant_fw-la praesentes_fw-la credant_fw-la posteri_fw-la non_fw-la tantum_fw-la enascenti_fw-la evangelio_n quo_fw-la propagaretur_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o adulto_fw-la ne_fw-la profligaretur_fw-la vtrobique_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la missum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la hominem_fw-la cui_fw-la nomen_fw-la erat_fw-la joannes_n he_o marry_v the_o lady_n mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o marquis_n now_o cardinal_n do_v arquien_v and_o widow_n of_o prince_n zamoiski_n he_o die_v june_n 17._o 1696_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o a_o apoplexy_n after_o a_o long_a indisposition_n some_o remark_n upon_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n as_o to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n in_o poland_n that_o whereas_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o keeper_n preserver_n and_o defendor_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n now_o for_o fear_n of_o a_o change_n in_o the_o government_n as_o have_v happen_v in_o france_n denmark_n swedeland_n and_o italy_n where_o the_o nobility_n have_v be_v corrupt_v and_o bribe_v with_o honour_n and_o other_o reward_n by_o the_o king_n have_v by_o degree_n remit_v from_o time_n to_o time_n some_o of_o their_o right_n and_o immunity_n ill_o at_o last_o they_o have_v fool_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o freedom_n into_o a_o slavish_a dependence_n on_o the_o court_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n warn_v by_o those_o example_n to_o avoid_v such_o a_o fate_n have_v make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n must_v be_v nemine_fw-la contradicente_fw-la a_o instance_n of_o this_o may_v be_v give_v in_o the_o election_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n the_o four_o a_o most_o warlike_a prince_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o commonwealth_n with_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nobility_n except_v only_o one_o deputy_n who_o make_v a_o solemn_a protestation_n against_o the_o vote_n of_o all_o the_o diet_n yet_o the_o say_a prince_n can_v not_o be_v crown_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o
the_o say_a deputy_n who_o be_v ask_v why_o he_o thus_o dissent_v answer_v that_o he_o do_v it_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n may_v be_v safe_a and_o lodge_v within_o his_o power_n though_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v corrupt_v have_v say_v this_o and_o cause_v his_o protestation_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o record_n and_o archive_v of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o present_o consent_v with_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o election_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o four_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v endow_v with_o so_o many_o privilege_n and_o the_o deputy_n have_v always_o a_o free_a vote_n the_o aristocratical_a state_n of_o poland_n can_v well_o be_v change_v by_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n into_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n for_o whosoever_o offer_v to_o do_v this_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v perjure_a and_o no_o more_o a_o king_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o late_a king_n john_n the_o three_o oath_n in_o harnoc_n beside_o the_o nobility_n use_v immediate_o to_o complain_v in_o the_o open_a senate_n of_o the_o tyranny_n of_o those_o that_o attempt_v such_o innovation_n as_o do_v a_o certain_a deputy_n out_o of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n king_n stephen_n bathori_n after_o many_o victory_n which_o he_o gain_v and_o several_a province_n with_o which_o he_o enlarge_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n begin_v at_o last_o to_o endeavour_v to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a monarch_n of_o poland_n whereupon_o this_o deputy_n express_v himself_o in_o a_o speech_n with_o so_o much_o freedom_n boldness_n and_o vehemence_n that_o the_o king_n ambitious_a and_o passionate_a in_o his_o nature_n not_o be_v able_a to_o let_v the_o deputy_n run_v on_o any_o long_a upon_o that_o topic_n interrupt_v he_o in_o these_o word_n hold_v your_o tongue_n you_o rascal_n to_o which_o the_o deputy_n make_v answer_n i_o be_o no_o rascal_n but_o a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n a_o elector_n of_o king_n and_o a_o deposer_n of_o tyrant_n whereupon_o the_o king_n say_v to_o he_o if_o i_o be_v not_o a_o king_n and_o the_o deputy_n answer_v if_o you_o be_v not_o by_o which_o imperfect_a reply_v the_o deputy_n hint_v to_o the_o king_n that_o he_o do_v not_o want_v courage_n to_o engage_v with_o he_o hand_n to_o hand_n for_o liberty_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v check_v by_o his_o respect_n for_o the_o majesty_n of_o king_n the_o king_n afterward_o have_v bury_v all_o his_o resentment_n advance_v he_o to_o the_o high_a dignity_n nor_o do_v he_o believe_v that_o this_o have_v any_o way_n lessen_v his_o majesty_n on_o the_o contrary_a he_o always_o esteem_v he_o one_o of_o the_o best_a patriot_n and_o lover_n of_o his_o country_n if_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n aim_n at_o arbitrary_a government_n or_o act_n contrary_a to_o the_o religion_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v immediate_o depose_v or_o force_v to_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n the_o form_n which_o king_n casimire_n use_v in_o his_o abdication_n be_v as_o follow_v we_o make_v know_v and_o declare_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o be_v sensible_a of_o our_o weakness_n which_o grow_v daily_o upon_o we_o with_o our_o age_n we_o be_v unable_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v up_o under_o the_o burden_n of_o so_o great_a weight_n as_o the_o government_n of_o this_o state_n be_v wherefore_o we_o voluntary_o and_o of_o our_o own_o accord_n have_v resolve_v upon_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n that_o we_o wight_n spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o our_o decline_a life_n quiet_o and_o in_o private_a and_o in_o prepare_v for_o a_o better_a life_n that_o never_o end_v for_o this_o reason_n have_v call_v a_o full_a senate_n at_o warsaw_n on_o the_o twelve_o of_o june_n in_o this_o paesent_a year_n we_o open_v our_o mind_n to_o our_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n who_o be_v strike_v with_o the_o greatness_n and_o novelty_n of_o the_o affair_n and_o reverence_v the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n and_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o all_o the_o kingdom_n we_o according_o appoint_v a_o general_n diet_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o our_o kingdom_n to_o be_v hold_v on_o the_o six_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o august_n and_o at_o the_o first_o open_v of_o the_o diet_n make_v know_v our_o intention_n of_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n we_o have_v have_v experience_n of_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o our_o loyal_a citizen_n and_o subject_n who_o bear_v a_o grateful_a memory_n of_o the_o desert_n and_o good_a action_n of_o our_o most_o serene_a predecessor_n and_o pay_v a_o deference_n to_o the_o great_a care_n trouble_n and_o danger_n i_o undergo_v for_o twenty_o year_n together_o in_o various_a turn_v of_o fortune_n in_o so_o many_o camp_n and_o in_o so_o many_o diet_n endeavour_v by_o importunate_a entreaty_n and_o earnest_a request_n to_o keep_v we_o upon_o the_o throne_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o we_o constant_o persist_v in_o our_o resolution_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o we_o shall_v make_v our_o abdication_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o polish_v crown_n in_o a_o real_a and_o solemn_a manner_n upon_o mature_a and_o serious_a deliberation_n and_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o order_n of_o the_o state_n we_o be_v in_o full_a sowndness_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n do_v free_o and_o without_o constraint_n abdicate_v from_o this_o time_n and_o for_o ever_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o principality_n thereunto_o annex_v we_o restore_v in_o full_a form_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o marshal_n and_o of_o the_o state_n our_o regal_a dignity_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o of_o ancient_n right_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n we_o absolve_v all_o the_o state_n and_o order_n and_o every_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n take_v to_o we_o and_o we_o release_v they_o from_o the_o obligation_n of_o homage_n and_o fealty_n the_o duke_n of_o prussia_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v we_o only_o we_o declare_v free_a from_o all_o obligation_n due_a to_o we_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o contract_n make_v for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o prussia_n and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o right_n of_o fealty_n for_o bitovia_n and_o lawenburgh_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o kureland_n we_o likewise_o declare_v free_v from_o homage_n and_o all_o other_o obligation_n whatsoever_o the_o authentic_a and_o original_a grant_n of_o our_o election_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o we_o restore_v cancel_v and_o annul_v without_o pretend_v to_o claim_v any_o or_o the_o least_o right_o of_o sovereignty_n to_o ourselves_o or_o any_o of_o our_o heir_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o principality_n thereunto_o annex_v by_o which_o abdication_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n right_o and_o lawful_o make_v and_o ratify_v by_o these_o present_n it_o shall_v be_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n primate_n of_o poland_n and_o chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a and_o to_o perform_v all_o that_o of_o right_n and_o custom_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v empower_v to_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o poland_n and_o we_o further_o promise_v that_o we_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hinder_v it_o from_o be_v a_o very_a free_a election_n that_o we_o will_v not_o promote_v the_o interest_n of_o any_o candidate_n and_o that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n we_o will_v remove_v and_o abide_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o election_n in_o testimony_n and_o confirmation_n thereof_o we_o have_v command_v these_o our_o letter_n patent_n to_o be_v publish_v under_o the_o royal_a seal_n date_v at_o warsaw_n at_o the_o general_n diet_n of_o the_o kingdom_n sept._n 16._o this_o solemn_a abdication_n make_v by_o king_n casimire_n be_v afterward_o publish_a by_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o insert_v here_o that_o so_o the_o abdication_n and_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o king_n james_n ii_o publish_a by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n may_v not_o seem_v a_o novelty_n and_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v we_o the_o senate_n and_o officer_n both_o of_o church_n and_o state_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o both_o country_n be_v assemble_v in_o the_o diet_n do_v manifest_a and_o declare_v that_o after_o the_o example_n of_o our_o predecessor_n
who_o esteem_v nothing_o more_o decent_a nothing_o more_o worthy_a to_o be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n than_o the_o respect_n they_o pay_v their_o prince_n and_o have_v hand_v down_o to_o we_o the_o esteem_n they_o have_v for_o they_o we_o have_v always_o use_v our_o endeavour_n to_o maintain_v and_o increase_v the_o good_a will_n and_o reputation_n of_o our_o prince_n to_o the_o vigorous_a maintenance_n whereof_o not_o only_o our_o honourable_a emulation_n of_o our_o ancestor_n virtue_n not_o only_o the_o obligation_n and_o gratitude_n we_o owe_v to_o the_o royal_a race_n of_o jagello_n which_o for_o almost_o three_o hundred_o year_n together_o have_v govern_v we_o so_o auspicious_o do_v excite_v we_o but_o the_o extraordinary_a endowment_n of_o his_o present_a majesty_n who_o have_v govern_v our_o state_n with_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o reputation_n as_o his_o great_a predecessor_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n attract_v both_o our_o veneration_n and_o admiration_n he_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o undertake_v noble_a design_n to_o endure_v the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o cold_a of_o winter_n to_o be_v vigilant_a in_o campain_n to_o suffer_v hunger_n and_o thirst_n to_o lie_v on_o the_o cold_a ground_n to_o spend_v sleepless_a night_n and_o as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v necessity_n or_o occasion_n hazard_v his_o own_o life_n for_o his_o subject_n safety_n he_o be_v famous_a in_o the_o art_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war_n and_o gain_v a_o especial_a esteem_n for_o his_o clemency_n whereupon_o we_o interpose_v the_o weighty_a authority_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a senate_n the_o humble_a request_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o both_o country_n the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n and_o the_o desire_n of_o several_a prince_n last_o we_o object_v to_o he_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o tie_v of_o his_o oath_n but_o when_o all_o these_o motive_n can_v not_o prevail_v nor_o alter_v the_o unshaken_a mind_n of_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n from_o his_o thought_n of_o eternity_n we_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o our_o fate_n and_o no_o long_o to_o attempt_v to_o remove_v his_o majesty_n from_o his-resolution_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n have_v issue_v forth_o his_o letter_n patent_n which_o we_o have_v design_v for_o a_o pledge_n of_o our_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a fidelity_n and_o have_v add_v another_o more_o particular_a one_o whereby_o he_o release_v we_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o from_o all_o other_o obligation_n we_o likewise_o on_o our_o part_n by_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n do_v release_v his_o majesty_n from_o the_o oath_n make_v by_o his_o deputy_n as_o well_o before_o his_o coronation_n in_o the_o church_n of_o warsaw_n as_o afterward_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o cracow_n and_o we_o disannul_v it_o to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n provide_v that_o our_o right_n and_o privilege_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v preserve_v and_o that_o this_o act_n may_v not_o prejudice_v a_o free_a election_n our_o law_n and_o liberty_n nor_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o precedent_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o premise_n we_o have_v affix_v our_o hand_n date_v at_o warsaw_n sept._n 16._o an._n dom._n 1668._o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o majesty_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n be_v adjust_v to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o people_n and_o all_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n together_o with_o the_o king_n be_v keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o equity_n so_o that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o king_n shall_v fail_v in_o his_o duty_n and_o aim_v at_o the_o invade_v of_o the_o property_n of_o his_o subject_n he_o be_v immediate_o check_v therein_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n who_o be_v swear_v to_o do_v it_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n dedepend_v on_o the_o grave_a advice_n of_o his_o senate_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o senators_z and_o all_o the_o knight_n reverence_n love_n and_o honour_n his_o sacred_a majesty_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o lay_v down_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o preservation_n a_o account_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o socinianism_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o sect_n poland_n be_v at_o first_o convert_v by_o s._n adalbert_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n from_o paganism_n to_o christianity_n and_o have_v continue_v steadfast_a ever_o since_o for_o almost_o seven_o hundred_o year_n in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n it_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o romish_a principle_n by_o he_o and_o have_v always_o pay_v a_o very_a great_a respect_n to_o the_o holy_a see_v and_o endeavour_v to_o excel_v all_o other_o in_o their_o zeal_n for_o its_o interest_n at_o present_a since_o the_o extirpation_n of_o the_o hussit_n berengarian_o picard_n anabaptist_n arian_n tritheist_n photian_n ebionite_n reactitorian_n and_o a_o world_n of_o such_o like_a heresy_n and_o last_o of_o the_o socinian_o who_o by_o the_o countenance_n of_o some_o nobleman_n and_o the_o toleration_n once_o allow_v have_v swarm_v in_o poland_n the_o roman_a religion_n chief_o prevail_v in_o that_o country_n the_o king_n indeed_o promise_v upon_o oath_n before_o his_o coronation_n to_o protect_v the_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n the_o greek_n likewise_o and_o the_o jew_n have_v the_o same_o toleration_n there_o which_o they_o have_v in_o many_o other_o country_n and_o as_o the_o case_n now_o stand_v that_o old_a proverb_n which_o say_v whoever_o have_v lose_v his_o religion_n may_v find_v it_o in_o poland_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v no_o long_o true_a of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o a_o clear_a account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o how_o they_o creep_v in_o and_o how_o they_o be_v at_o last_o throw_v out_o can_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o author_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v it_o you_o as_o brief_o and_o orderly_o as_o i_o can_v this_o pernicious_a heresy_n of_o socinianism_n which_o by_o christian_n ought_v to_o be_v detest_v above_o all_o other_o which_o do_v not_o strike_v at_o any_o particular_a article_n but_o shake_v and_o almost_o overthrow_v the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o our_o religion_n come_v out_o of_o italy_n 1546._o in_o the_o year_n 1546._o and_o begin_v at_o first_o in_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n at_o vincenza_n by_o forty_o men._n two_o of_o they_o julius_n trevisanus_n and_o franciscus_n ruigo_n be_v take_v and_o strangle_v at_o venice_n the_o rest_n to_o avoid_v the_o same_o fate_n leave_v italy_n and_o dwell_v in_o turkey_n poland_n transilvania_n suitzerland_n and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o a_o toleration_n of_o religion_n be_v allow_v the_o first_o who_o spread_v the_o error_n of_o this_o heresy_n in_o poland_n be_v a_o certain_a dutchman_n name_v spicillus_n alius_fw-la fricius_n a_o disciple_n of_o erasmus_n and_o well_o skilled_a in_o hebrew_a greek_a and_o latin_a under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1546._o he_o come_v to_o cracow_n where_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v treat_v very_o noble_o as_o a_o stranger_n by_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n at_o this_o treat_n there_o be_v several_a nobleman_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n andreas_n modrevius_n the_o king_n secretary_n this_o man_n upon_o start_v several_a doubt_n concern_v the_o ever_o bless_a trinity_n be_v the_o first_o that_o follow_v the_o dutchman_n in_o his_o error_n who_o by_o the_o secretary_n mean_v induce_v the_o king_n himself_o to_o be_v his_o disciple_n the_o king_n be_v thus_o wrought_v upon_o by_o his_o secretary_n the_o dutchman_n be_v soon_o follow_v by_o laelius_n socinus_n who_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o italy_n abscond_v at_o zurich_n where_o when_o he_o once_o hear_v how_o successful_o the_o dutchman_n have_v spread_v his_o heresy_n in_o poland_n he_o immediate_o take_v along_o with_o he_o alicatus_n parata_fw-la and_o ochinus_n three_o of_o his_o associate_n and_o come_v to_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1551._o he_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o king_n court_n by_o the_o secretary_n where_o he_o infuse_v his_o error_n into_o lismaninus_n queen_n bona_n confessor_n and_o many_o other_o courtier_n many_o nobleman_n and_o senator_n of_o all_o order_n be_v corrupt_v by_o these_o man_n and_z at_o last_o they_o draw_v into_o their_o party_n james_n sieninski_n palatine_n of_o podolia_n and_o lord_n of_o racovia_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n he_o turn_v from_o calvinism_n to_o socinianism_n and_o build_v a_o printing-house_n and_o a_o academy_n at_o racovia_n for_o the_o use_v of_o this_o sect._n this_o town_n be_v very_o pleasant_a for_o the_o temperature_n of_o its_o air_n for_o the_o sweetness_n of_o its_o situation_n for_o the_o lake_n fountain_n grove_n walk_n and_o
world_n in_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n near_o coningsberg_n they_o have_v at_o present_a a_o church_n and_o public_a shcool_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o prussian_n who_o every_o year_n in_o their_o diet_n exclaim_v against_o this_o injustice_n of_o the_o elector_n but_o at_o racovia_n the_o seat_n and_o sepulchre_n of_o faustus_n socinus_n after_o many_o change_n the_o print_v house_n and_o academy_n be_v first_o demolish_v come_v at_o last_o by_o right_n of_o inheritance_n to_o the_o grand_a daughter_n of_o james_n sieninski_n palatine_n of_o podolia_n and_o governor_n of_o racovia_n who_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o be_v still_o live_v and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o of_o which_o none_o else_o can_v give_v a_o full_a or_o large_a account_n a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la in_o poland_n and_o the_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n have_v give_v the_o reader_n page_n 221._o a_o short_a epitome_n of_o the_o most_o glorious_a action_n of_o john_n sobieski_n late_a king_n of_o poland_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o complete_a his_o character_n to_o take_v notice_n here_o of_o his_o conduct_n during_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o life_n which_o have_v so_o little_o answer_v the_o glorious_a beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n that_o prince_n enter_v into_o a_o common_a league_n with_o the_o emperor_n the_o republic_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o christendom_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o emperor_n and_o venetian_n carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o so_o much_o vigour_n and_o success_n as_o to_o give_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o the_o pole_n to_o regain_v caminiek_n and_o the_o province_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v get_v from_o they_o yet_o to_o the_o great_a amazement_n of_o the_o world_n the_o polish_v army_n do_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o protect_v their_o country_n against_o the_o excursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n who_o commit_v unspeakable_a disorder_n and_o carry_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n into_o slavery_n this_o occasion_v great_a murmur_n among_o the_o pole_n against_o their_o king_n and_o be_v such_o a_o blot_n as_o tranish_v the_o lustre_n of_o his_o former_a action_n several_n have_v inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o odd_a a_o conduct_n for_o that_o prince_n want_v neither_o courage_n or_o ability_n every_o body_n think_v that_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o have_v be_v many_o conjecture_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o only_a who_o appear_v to_o i_o well_o ground_v be_v that_o prince_n covetousness_n and_o after_o a_o impartial_a examination_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o only_a remora_n who_o stop_v the_o vigorous_a resolution_n that_o be_v yearly_o take_v old_a man_n general_o speak_v be_v covetous_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a enough_o but_o beside_o this_o almost_o natural_a bias_n the_o little_a esteem_n the_o pole_n have_v for_o prince_n james_n be_v a_o great_a motive_n to_o engage_v his_o father_n to_o heap_v up_o money_n though_o to_o the_o visible_a detriment_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o prince_n see_v as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o pole_n express_v little_a esteem_n for_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o consequent_o have_v no_o prospect_n that_o he_o shall_v succeed_v he_o mere_o upon_o account_n of_o his_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n know_v by_o experience_n that_o money_n be_v the_o best_a argument_n to_o recommend_v a_o prince_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o pole_n resolve_v to_o hoard_n up_o money_n and_o therefore_o leave_v his_o army_n unpaid_a the_o magazine_n unprovided_a and_o live_v very_o parsimonious_a in_o his_o house_n the_o same_o reason_n oblige_v he_o to_o set_v a_o tax_n upon_o several_a thing_n that_o be_v former_o give_v gratis_o at_o his_o court_n as_o pass_n petition_n and_o the_o like_a france_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v sensible_a that_o the_o turk_n can_v hardly_o make_v head_n against_o so_o many_o enemy_n if_o all_o of_o they_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n make_v a_o good_a use_n of_o the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o yearly_o pension_n to_o that_o hungry_a prince_n disappoint_v all_o the_o design_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n who_o can_v hardly_o bear_v without_o murmur_n that_o caminick_n shall_v continue_v so_o long_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o infidel_n a_o violent_a and_o very_a extraordinary_a distemper_n king_n john_n labour_v under_o give_v he_o a_o sufficient_a warn_v of_o his_o death_n draw_v nigh_o he_o try_v several_a way_n to_o have_v his_o son_n choose_v his_o successor_n in_o his_o life-time_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o poland_n it_o have_v be_v rare_o practise_v and_o the_o king_n be_v not_o belove_v enough_o to_o oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o act_n against_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n when_o king_n john_n die_v which_o happen_v the_o 17_o of_o june_n at_o nine_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n 1696._o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n death_n be_v immediate_o carry_v by_o a_o express_a to_o dardinal_n radziowsky_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o regent_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la who_o make_v his_o entry_n into_o warsaw_n on_o the_o 24_o of_o june_n that_o be_v seven_o day_n after_o the_o king_n death_n in_o a_o most_o solemn_a and_o magnificent_a manner_n all_o the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n then_o in_o town_n ride_v forth_o above_o a_o league_n from_o the_o city_n to_o meet_v he_o with_o colour_n fly_v and_o kettle_n drum_v beat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o incredible_a crowd_n of_o people_n his_o eminence_n go_v direct_o to_o the_o castle_n and_o ascend_v into_o the_o room_n where_o the_o king_n body_n lie_v expose_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o have_v say_v a_o short_a prayer_n go_v to_o the_o queen_n apartment_n to_o condole_v her_o majesty_n he_o do_v the_o like_a to_o prince_n james_n and_o his_o brother_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n call_v a_o general_n diet_n to_o meet_v on_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n follow_v to_o choose_v a_o successor_n as_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n since_o that_o time_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v his_o character_n in_o this_o place_n he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a good_a family_n in_o poland_n and_o son_n to_o the_o famous_a radziousky_a who_o call_v in_o the_o swede_n under_o charles_n gustavus_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a part_n but_o somewhat_o obstinate_a pope_n innocent_a xi_o make_v he_o a_o cardinal_n without_o any_o other_o recommendation_n but_o his_o own_o merit_n the_o than_o king_n of_o poland_n though_o his_o relation_n nor_o the_o french_a king_n be_v please_v with_o his_o promotion_n though_o time_n have_v discover_v that_o his_o eminence_n be_v absolute_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n after_o the_o doath_z of_o innocent_a xi_o and_o be_v present_a at_o the_o choose_n of_o a_o new_a pope_n which_o fall_v on_o cardinal_n ottoboni_n he_o live_v like_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o magnificence_n and_o liberality_n acquire_v he_o a_o great_a many_o friend_n upon_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n the_o diet_n assemble_v with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n and_o after_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n have_v be_v celebrate_v by_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n they_o begin_v to_o talk_v of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n of_o their_o assembly_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o many_o dispute_n the_o lesser_a poland_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v her_o turn_n to_o have_v a_o mareshal_n choose_v out_o of_o her_o body_n and_o great_a poland_n put_v in_o the_o same_o claim_n but_o be_v inclinable_a to_o wave_v it_o the_o lithuanian_n oppose_v it_o pretend_v that_o the_o great_a poland_n be_v to_o take_v their_o turn_n now_o that_o lithuania_n may_v have_v they_o in_o the_o next_o diet_n and_o their_o dispute_n grow_v so_o high_a that_o people_n be_v afraid_a the_o diet_n will_v break_v up_o without_o come_v to_o any_o conclusion_n the_o bishop_n of_o posen_n think_v of_o a_o new_a way_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o come_v to_o the_o assembly_n in_o procession_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o clergy_n pretend_v to_o allay_v their_o heat_n by_o the_o charm_n of_o his_o benediction_n but_o this_o provoke_v the_o deputy_n who_o tell_v he_o in_o great_a scorn_n they_o be_v not_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o his_o exorcism_n at_o last_o the_o
lithuanian_n consent_v that_o the_o lesser_a poland_n shall_v appoint_v the_o marshal_n and_o the_o choice_n fall_v upon_o mounseur_fw-fr omienisky_a lieutenant_n colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o next_o day_n this_o dispute_n be_v over_o news_n come_v that_o the_o army_n have_v confederated_a themselves_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n for_o the_o king_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v have_v not_o take_v care_n to_o pay_v the_o force_n a_o vast_a sum_n be_v due_a to_o they_o for_o their_o arrear_n they_o choose_v a_o officer_n called_z baronowsky_n for_o their_o general_n and_o promise_v to_o remain_v unite_v till_o they_o have_v receive_v satisfaction_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o resolve_v to_o raise_v contribution_n for_o their_o subsistance_n this_o news_n put_v the_o diet_n in_o great_a consternation_n and_o likely_o contribute_v to_o the_o resolution_n they_o take_v the_o same_o day_n which_o be_v to_o lay_v aside_o all_o objection_n against_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o deputy_n with_o this_o proviso_n that_o none_o shall_v have_v a_o voice_n in_o the_o diet_n till_o they_o have_v free_o satisfy_v the_o assembly_n about_o the_o reason_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v against_o they_o they_o repair_v afterward_o in_o great_a ceremony_n unto_o the_o senator_n hall_n and_o the_o marshal_n make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n set_v forth_o the_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o the_o king_n death_n return_v thanks_o to_o his_o eminency_n for_o his_o great_a care_n of_o the_o public_a and_o declare_v that_o the_o deputy_n be_v ready_a to_o concur_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n to_o all_o the_o proposal_n that_o shall_v be_v make_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o nation_n the_o primate_n return_v a_o answer_n suitable_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o time_n and_o propose_v several_a point_n to_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n by_o the_o assembly_n 1._o a_o association_n of_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o security_n of_o it_o 2._o to_o draw_v up_o law_n and_o condition_n to_o which_o the_o future_a king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v and_o to_o publish_v they_o that_o all_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v inform_v thereof_o 3._o to_o find_v and_o apply_v a_o proper_a remedy_n to_o the_o faction_n quarrel_n and_o animosity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o prevalent_a under_o the_o precede_a government_n and_o prevent_v the_o like_a for_o the_o future_a 4._o to_o provide_v for_o the_o speedy_a payment_n of_o the_o army_n as_o the_o only_a way_n to_o prevent_v mutiny_n and_o sedition_n among_o the_o soldier_n and_o for_o carry_v a_o vigorous_a war_n against_o the_o turk_n 5._o to_o repair_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o artillery_n which_o be_v in_o a_o very_a bad_a condition_n 6._o to_o settle_v a_o sort_n of_o money_n that_o may_v be_v current_a all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n proceed_v from_o the_o diversity_n of_o coin_n 7._o and_o last_o that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n may_v be_v defer_v for_o some_o time_n nothing_o material_a be_v transact_v since_o that_o day_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n that_o there_o happen_v a_o violent_a dispute_n in_o the_o assembly_n whether_o the_o queen_n shall_v not_o be_v desire_v to_o remove_v out_o of_o warsaw_n for_o though_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o provincial_a diet_n have_v resolve_v not_o to_o suffer_v the_o royal_a family_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o general_a diet_n be_v to_o assemble_v and_o that_o prince_n james_n in_o compliance_n with_o their_o resolution_n have_v already_o leave_v that_o city_n yet_o the_o queen_n will_v not_o conform_v herself_o to_o their_o desire_n notwithstanding_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o cardinal_n the_o bishop_n of_o posnania_n and_o the_o palatine_a of_o plosko_fw-mi which_o put_v the_o diet_n in_o a_o great_a heat_n some_o take_v that_o pretence_n to_o leave_v the_o assembly_n at_o last_o her_o majesty_n be_v persuade_v to_o yield_v unto_o their_o desire_n and_o leave_v actual_o warsaw_n on_o the_o 18_o of_o september_n and_o go_v for_o dantzick_n this_o calm_v somewhat_o the_o diet_n but_o a_o dispute_n between_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n and_o the_o marcsehal_n of_o the_o deputy_n be_v like_a to_o break_v up_o the_o diet_n however_o it_o be_v agree_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o association_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o by_o a_o domestic_a of_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n and_o read_v by_o he_o to_o the_o state_n no_o body_n make_v any_o objection_n to_o the_o first_o article_n but_o when_o he_o come_v to_o mention_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n bid_v he_o stop_v and_o lay_v before_o the_o assembly_n in_o a_o very_a pathetic_a speech_n the_o injury_n and_o affront_v he_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n desire_v the_o cardinal_n regent_n that_o he_o may_v have_v satisfaction_n give_v he_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n make_v likewise_o great_a complaint_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n for_o have_v publish_a libel_n against_o he_o to_o blemish_v his_o reputation_n the_o cardinal_n answer_v they_o that_o as_o the_o spiritual_a state_n can_v not_o judge_v the_o temporal_a neither_o can_v the_o secular_a give_v law_n to_o the_o ecclesiastic_a and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o pope_n to_o punish_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o bishop_n which_o be_v agree_v to_o on_o both_o side_n this_o point_n be_v thus_o over_o the_o act_n of_o association_n be_v read_v on_o but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o point_n of_o reconciliation_n between_o those_o who_o be_v christian_n yet_o do_v not_o agree_v in_o some_o matter_n of_o religion_n one_o of_o the_o deputy_n make_v some_o exception_n and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o thing_n shall_v remain_v as_o to_o that_o point_n as_o they_o have_v do_v during_o the_o interregnum_n of_o casimir_n and_o michael_n the_o dispute_n about_o fix_v the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n be_v more_o considerable_a many_o of_o the_o deputy_n insist_v that_o the_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o republic_n require_v a_o speedy_a choice_n but_o the_o other_o party_n be_v sway_v by_o a_o private_a interest_n be_v strong_a and_o upon_o a_o fair_a pretence_n the_o election_n be_v defer_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o may_n 1697_o and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o the_o open_a field_n by_o all_o the_o nobility_n summon_v together_o as_o at_o the_o election_n of_o michael_n wieznowisky_n and_o that_o whoever_o shall_v propose_v a_o native_a of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o enemy_n of_o his_o country_n this_o be_v conclude_v and_o the_o act_n of_o association_n draw_v up_o the_o deputy_n meet_v again_o upon_o the_o first_o of_o october_n and_o some_o of_o they_o demand_v that_o the_o say_a act_n may_v be_v read_v again_o but_o this_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n say_v that_o a_o second_o read_n will_v only_o create_v new_a cavil_n and_o so_o sign_v it_o immediate_o with_o most_o of_o the_o deputy_n and_o the_o rest_n do_v the_o like_a afterward_o that_o association_n contain_v many_o article_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v the_o follow_v 1._o we_o will_v keep_v ourselves_o firm_o to_o the_o roman_a religion_n and_o will_v not_o elect_a any_o one_o for_o king_n who_o shall_v not_o make_v profession_n of_o the_o same_o religion_n 2._o we_o will_v prevent_v as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v all_o division_n and_o misunderstanding_n which_o may_v grow_v among_o the_o member_n of_o the_o republic_n nor_o will_v we_o enter_v into_o any_o secret_a practice_n against_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o election_n or_o which_o tend_v to_o the_o advance_v any_o one_o to_o the_o throne_n or_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o king_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v free_o elect_v by_o free_a voice_n and_o by_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o have_v the_o general_n approbation_n on_o the_o contrary_a we_o will_v look_v upon_o as_o enemy_n to_o this_o country_n all_o those_o who_o shall_v acknowledge_v for_o king_n any_o person_n who_o have_v not_o be_v choose_v after_o the_o say_a manner_n 3._o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n shall_v not_o proclaim_v any_o one_o for_o king_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o demand_v of_o the_o deputy_n three_o time_n one_o after_o another_o whether_o they_o be_v content_a with_o his_o election_n 4._o though_o there_o may_v be_v in_o the_o republic_n a_o person_n capable_a to_o wear_v the_o crown_n with_o honour_n nevertheless_o to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o advancement_n of_o a_o native_a of_o poland_n to_o the_o throne_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o lesser_a diet_n shall_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o instruction_n in_o reference_n
to_o this_o particular_a point_n that_o every_o native_a of_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v exclude_v from_o the_o crown_n therefore_o the_o state_n engage_v themselves_o by_o this_o association_n to_o look_v upon_o every_o native_a of_o this_o country_n who_o shall_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a enemy_n and_o likewise_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n 5._o if_o any_o foreign_a potentate_n or_o grandee_n of_o poland_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o advance_v any_o one_o to_o the_o throne_n by_o foul_a or_o unlawful_a mean_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o their_o country_n the_o state_n shall_v unite_v themselves_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o against_o all_o such_o potentate_n and_o promise_v joint_o to_o venture_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o liberty_n 6._o we_o will_v preserve_v a_o inviolable_a peace_n with_o those_o who_o profess_v a_o religion_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o every_o one_o shall_v be_v maintain_v in_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n except_o the_o quaker_n and_o mennonites_n 7._o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n be_v fix_v from_o the_o 15_o of_o may_n to_o the_o 26_o of_o june_n inclusive_o 8._o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n shall_v be_v remit_v to_o the_o diet_n for_o the_o election_n 9_o the_o usual_a place_n appoint_v for_o the_o election_n between_o warsaw_n and_o woba_n shall_v be_v fortify_v according_a to_o custom_n there_o shall_v be_v erect_v a_o building_n for_o the_o deputy_n and_o all_o requisite_a preparation_n take_v for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o person_n either_o go_v in_o or_o come_v out_o 10._o whereas_o the_o army_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n for_o want_v of_o pay_n and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o their_o association_n shall_v be_v break_v we_o not_o only_o promise_v they_o a_o speedy_a payment_n but_o authorize_v the_o particular_a diet_n to_o find_v out_o necessary_a fund_n for_o that_o purpose_n 11._o because_o the_o new_a regulation_n draw_v up_o for_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o artillery_n be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n shall_v supply_v what_o be_v want_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o establishment_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o 12._o the_o cardinal_n shall_v during_o his_o regency_n choose_v for_o his_o counsellor_n some_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n last_o deputy_n shall_v be_v choose_v to_o appoint_v good_a winter_n quarter_n to_o such_o of_o the_o soldier_n as_o shall_v give_v obedience_n to_o the_o crown_n general_n and_o to_o pay_v they_o what_o be_v their_o due_a to_o reckon_v with_o the_o army_n and_o regulate_v all_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o salt-mine_n deputy_n be_v immediate_o send_v to_o the_o army_n to_o endeavour_v to_o break_v the_o union_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o count_n jablonowsky_n mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n they_o offer_v to_o pay_v their_o arrear_n provide_v they_o will_v disunite_v themselves_o but_o they_o return_v answer_n that_o though_o they_o shall_v receive_v full_a satisfaction_n upon_o their_o demand_n they_o will_v not_o break_v off_o their_o confederacy_n before_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n whereupon_o the_o treaty_n break_v off_o and_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n retire_v to_o leopold_n where_o they_o make_v a_o solemn_a protestation_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o army_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o primate_n be_v print_v and_o disperse_v into_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o let_v they_o see_v they_o have_v leave_v no_o stone_n unturned_a to_o bring_v the_o rebel_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o republic_n the_o cardinal_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n upon_o this_o subject_a where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o quarter_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o any_o troop_n but_o those_o who_o remain_v faithful_a under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o crown_n general_n and_o then_o if_o the_o confederated_a troop_n offer_v to_o take_v up_o their_o quarter_n near_o leopold_n or_o elsewhere_o they_o shall_v be_v drive_v out_o by_o force_n this_o resolution_n do_v not_o discourage_v the_o confederated_a army_n they_o give_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o their_o new_a general_n baronowsky_n who_o cause_v a_o new_a standard_n to_o be_v make_v like_o that_o of_o the_o crown_n general_n have_v paint_v upon_o it_o two_o griffin_n hold_v two_o scimitter_n in_o their_o claw_n with_o these_o word_n pro_fw-la patria_fw-la under_o one_o of_o they_o and_o pro_fw-la exercitu_fw-la under_o the_o other_o the_o tartar_n be_v get_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 30000_o man_n introduce_v a_o great_a convoy_n of_o provision_n into_o caminieck_n and_o have_v notice_n of_o the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n make_v a_o invasion_n into_o volhinia_n carry_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n into_o slavery_n but_o the_o confederate_a troop_n have_v pursue_v they_o charge_v they_o with_o so_o much_o vigour_n that_o they_o rout_v they_o and_o retake_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o booty_n and_o of_o the_o poor_a people_n design_v for_o captivity_n the_o lithuanian_n have_v confederate_v themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o pole_n and_o have_v refuse_v the_o same_o offer_n which_o exasperate_v prince_n sapieha_n their_o general_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o duty_n by_o force_n but_o the_o confederate_n defend_v themselves_o with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o considerable_a loss_n this_o disgrace_n put_v he_o upon_o negociation_n and_o have_v gain_v mounseur_fw-fr crispin_n vayvode_n of_o witepsc_n one_o of_o the_o chief_n of_o the_o army_n the_o rest_n follow_v his_o example_n and_o the_o lithuanian_a army_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n upon_o the_o follow_a condition_n 1._o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o perpetual_a amnesty_n for_o all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v to_o that_o very_a instant_n 2._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v forthwith_o pay_v they_o the_o one_o half_a of_o their_o arrear_n due_a from_o the_o republic_n out_o of_o his_o own_o revenue_n 3._o that_o the_o general_n shall_v promise_n upon_o his_o honour_n not_o to_o molest_v any_o one_o of_o the_o fraternity_n from_o the_o high_a officer_n to_o the_o mean_a soldier_n 4._o that_o on_o their_o side_n they_o shall_v engage_v by_o a_o authentic_a write_n immediate_o to_o quit_v the_o confederacy_n into_o which_o they_o be_v enter_v 5._o and_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o grand_a marshal_n and_o obey_v his_o order_n 6._o and_o last_o that_o for_o the_o future_a they_o shall_v never_o enter_v into_o any_o other_o confederacy_n this_o treaty_n be_v execute_v on_o the_o 27_o of_o november_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n make_v their_o submission_n to_o prince_n sapieha_n this_o reunion_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n weaken_v very_a much_o the_o confederated_a troop_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o hearken_v to_o some_o new_a term_n that_o be_v offer_v they_o sometime_o after_o and_o to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o their_o former_a general_n as_o it_o will_v be_v hereafter_o mention_v all_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v at_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o few_o will_v have_v think_v that_o the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o their_o affair_n absolute_o require_v a_o king_n a_o private_a interest_n will_v have_v prevail_v so_o far_o upon_o they_o as_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o defer_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n to_o sobiesky_n till_o may_n next_o the_o pole_n may_v say_v what_o they_o please_v to_o justify_v this_o resolution_n all_o their_o reason_n be_v but_o a_o thin_a varnish_n over_o a_o private_a sordid_a interest_n which_o rule_v they_o for_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o this_o delay_n be_v only_o to_o give_v time_n to_o many_o prince_n to_o put_v in_o for_o their_o crown_n and_o make_v a_o interest_n with_o they_o to_o obtain_v it_o which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o squandr_v away_o among_o they_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n this_o consideration_n move_v sometime_o ago_o a_o grave_a senator_n to_o propose_v in_o the_o diet_n to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o cardinal_n who_o choose_v always_o a_o old_a pope_n and_o to_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o very_a eloquent_a speech_n the_o advantage_n that_o the_o nobility_n will_v receive_v from_o frequent_a election_n but_o he_o be_v answer_v that_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o politic_n for_o no_o old_a man_n will_v spend_v such_o sum_n of_o money_n he_o have_v speak_v of_o and_o therefore_o his_o project_n be_v impracticable_a the_o inconvenience_n of_o election_n and_o interregnum_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v likely_a the_o pole_n will_v have_v long_o ago_o make_v the_o crown_n hereditary_n in_o one_o family_n under_o a_o very_a limited_a power_n be_v it_o not_o
of_o saxony_n though_o he_o have_v not_o time_n enough_o to_o purchase_v a_o party_n with_o money_n the_o pope_n nuntio_n answer_v that_o his_o religion_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v a_o obstacle_n to_o his_o election_n see_v he_o have_v embrace_v the_o catholic_n faith_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o certificate_n under_o the_o hand_n and_o seal_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o javarin_n which_o he_o know_v the_o bishop_n of_o passau_n ambassad_n or_o of_o the_o emperor_n appear_v public_o for_o his_o electoral_a highness_n and_o in_o short_a his_o party_n grow_v in_o few_o day_n so_o strong_a as_o to_o exceed_v the_o french_a as_o we_o be_v go_v to_o mention_v the_o election_n of_o a_o marshal_n and_o some_o other_o preliminary_a thing_n take_v up_o the_o diet_n till_o the_o 20_o of_o june_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n have_v public_a audience_n that_o day_n and_o the_o next_o day_n the_o emperor_n ambassador_n have_v he_o the_o 22d_o the_o french_a ambassador_n be_v hear_v and_o afterward_o the_o envoy_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n so_o that_o the_o diet_n can_v not_o go_v on_o with_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n till_o the_o 25_o the_o royal_a family_n party_n make_v a_o fair_a appearance_n at_o the_o beginning_n several_a of_o the_o palatinate_v have_v represent_v to_o the_o elector_n the_o merit_n of_o prince_n james_n his_o great_a alliance_n and_o several_a other_o thing_n fit_a to_o engage_v the_o republic_n to_o present_v he_o with_o their_o crown_n other_o propose_v don_n livio_n odeschalchi_n but_o the_o french_a party_n seem_v still_o more_o numerous_a the_o 26_o the_o saxon_a party_n grow_v strong_a notwithstanding_o the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o primate_n who_o ride_v from_o one_o squadron_n of_o the_o nobility_n to_o the_o other_o recommend_v to_o their_o choice_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n but_o his_o competitor_n have_v such_o a_o majority_n that_o it_o be_v think_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n will_v have_v be_v proclaim_v that_o day_n however_o the_o partiality_n of_o the_o primate_n be_v such_o that_o the_o grandee_n quit_v the_o field_n that_o day_n without_o come_v to_o any_o resolution_n they_o meet_v again_o the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 27_o of_o june_n and_o resolve_v not_o to_o separate_a till_o they_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o that_o grand_a affair_n the_o cardinal_n do_v his_o utmost_a to_o bring_v the_o nobility_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n party_n but_o his_o endeavour_n be_v in_o vain_a for_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o great_a many_o leave_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o saxon_n yet_o in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o opposition_n the_o primate_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o cabal_n order_v the_o trumpet_n to_o sound_n and_o proclaim_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o repair_v with_o all_o the_o have_v he_o can_v to_o st._n john_n church_n cause_v the_o door_n to_o be_v shut_v and_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la in_o the_o dark_a the_o cardinal_n have_v leave_v the_o field_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o crown-general_n and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o party_n of_o saxony_n and_o prince_n james_n protest_v against_o the_o irregular_a and_o violent_a way_n of_o proceed_v of_o the_o primate_n as_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o freedom_n of_o election_n and_o have_v unite_v themselves_o they_o proceed_v to_o collect_v the_o suffrage_n in_o a_o legal_a way_n and_o afterward_o friderick_n augustus_n elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v proclaim_v king_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n who_o immediate_o repair_v to_o the_o great_a church_n in_o warsaw_n with_o the_o saxon_a party_n where_o he_o cause_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la to_o be_v sing_v with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n the_o 28_o they_o repair_v again_o into_o the_o field_n and_o send_v for_o the_o cardinal_n who_o refuse_v to_o come_v and_o thereupon_o they_o send_v for_o the_o baron_fw-fr de_fw-fr fleming_n to_o treat_v with_o he_o about_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la and_o the_o royal_a diploma_n be_v order_v to_o be_v prepare_v the_o grand_a general_n cause_v a_o act_n to_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o sign_v in_o the_o field_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v but_o 80_o standard_n or_o rather_o squadron_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n whereas_o there_o be_v 250_o for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n the_o envoy_n of_o the_o other_o competitor_n extreme_o blame_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n for_o refuse_v so_o much_o as_o to_o propose_v any_o of_o their_o master_n to_o the_o republic_n and_o for_o his_o conceal_v a_o letter_n from_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n in_o favour_n of_o prince_n james_n contain_v a_o express_a claus_n that_o poland_n must_v expect_v a_o declaration_n of_o war_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v elect_v the_o prince_n of_o conti._n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o partiality_n of_o this_o prelate_n can_v hardly_o be_v match_v for_o have_v he_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v he_o will_v have_v declare_v for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n as_o be_v the_o most_o advantageous_a choice_n the_o pole_n can_v have_v make_v consider_v the_o riches_n and_o valour_n of_o that_o prince_n who_o be_v able_a of_o himself_o to_o support_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o restore_v it_o to_o its_o former_a dignity_n the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la be_v draw_v up_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n repair_v in_o great_a splendour_n on_o the_o 13_o of_o july_n to_o the_o great_a church_n in_o warsaw_n and_o swear_v to_o they_o in_o his_o master_n name_n they_o be_v likewise_o subscribe_v by_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senator_n the_o reader_n will_v find_v a_o account_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la and_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o most_o principal_a article_n thereof_o however_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o insert_v at_o large_a in_o this_o place_n the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la sworn_n by_o the_o envoy_n of_o saxony_n because_o there_o be_v some_o addition_n make_v to_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o person_n these_o article_n be_v swear_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o at_o the_o coronation_n 1._o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n shall_v be_v always_o preserve_v in_o its_o right_n of_o elect_v a_o king_n so_o that_o it_o may_v never_o become_v hereditary_a 2._o no_o king_n shall_v be_v elect_v who_o shall_v not_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n and_o who_o shall_v not_o take_v a_o oath_n constant_o to_o persevere_v in_o her_o communion_n 3._o liberty_n of_o conscience_n shall_v be_v inviolable_o preserve_v in_o its_o full_a strength_n and_o vigour_n and_o as_o for_o the_o greek_a religion_n that_o shall_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n after_o the_o coronation_n 4._o no_o present_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o those_o who_o shall_v sue_v for_o any_o office_n or_o starosty_n 5._o the_o queen_n shall_v not_o intermeddle_v with_o affair_n of_o government_n 6._o as_o to_o the_o administration_n of_o military_a affair_n the_o precedent_n of_o vladislaus_n ii_o and_o john_n casimir_n shall_v be_v follow_v 7._o the_o present_a alliance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n shall_v be_v renew_a 8._o endeavour_n shall_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v vkrania_n and_o to_o make_v a_o perpetual_a peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n 9_o the_o revenue_n or_o money_n shall_v not_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o particular_a benefit_n of_o the_o king_n nor_o shall_v any_o money_n be_v coin_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n 10._o no_o foreign_a force_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o republic_n 11._o none_o shall_v be_v employ_v in_o embassy_n but_o gentleman_n of_o good_a fortune_n 12._o no_o body_n shall_v be_v naturalize_v but_o such_o as_o have_v do_v the_o republic_n some_o signal_n service_n 13._o no_o body_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o any_o preferment_n in_o the_o king_n household_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o serve_v the_o crown_n 14._o no_o person_n whatsoever_o shall_v be_v permit_v to_o enjoy_v any_o petty_a revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n 15._o no_o person_n shall_v enjoy_v two_o considerable_a office_n at_o one_o time_n such_o as_o those_o of_o the_o marshal_n and_o general_n but_o they_o who_o now_o enjoy_v any_o office_n shall_v continue_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o they_o and_o enjoy_v the_o revenue_n thereof_o without_o any_o defalcation_n 16._o the_o ordinary_a order_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n shall_v be_v preseve_v without_o any_o alteration_n 17._o the_o king_n when_o he_o have_v retake_v caminieck_n shall_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v fortify_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n but_o after_o that_o the_o republic_n shall_v keep_v the_o say_a fortification_n in_o repair_n 18._o the_o king_n guard_n shall_v consist_v of_o the_o native_n of_o the_o
our_o tongue_n and_o all_o we_o have_v in_o the_o world_n our_o republic_n now_o your_o own_o who_o fame_n be_v so_o far_o spread_v venerate_v love_v your_o person_n with_o a_o entire_a affection_n and_o desire_v your_o presence_n as_o one_o who_o she_o have_v choose_v for_o her_o king_n or_o rather_o as_o one_o who_o god_n himself_o have_v choose_v and_o who_o we_o as_o frankly_n and_o free_o receive_v what_o we_o have_v do_v not_o in_o the_o dark_a but_o in_o the_o view_n of_o heaven_n this_o day_n we_o here_o confirm_v by_o these_o letter_n we_o invite_v your_o majesty_n after_o your_o have_v be_v proclaim_v not_o by_o tumultuous_a faction_n nor_o by_o the_o fury_n of_o inconsiderate_a rashness_n or_o that_o we_o have_v put_v our_o crown_n to_o sale_n but_o by_o the_o unbiased_a wish_n and_o desire_n of_o the_o people_n who_o invite_v your_o majesty_n with_o a_o profound_a sincerity_n of_o heart_n and_o at_o ardency_n of_o desire_n not_o to_o be_v express_v come_v then_o bless_a prince_n since_o god_n have_v so_o decree_v it_o since_o poland_n so_o earnest_o desire_v it_o since_o rome_n rejoice_v at_o it_o since_o germany_n approve_v the_o choice_n since_o europe_n applaud_v it_o since_o all_o the_o world_n the_o barbarian_n only_o except_v send_v up_o their_o loud_a acclamation_n to_o heaven_n in_o testimony_n of_o their_o content_n christendom_n be_v prepare_v for_o your_o majesty_n immortal_a renown_n asia_n her_o spoil_n and_o poland_n a_o crown_n environ_v with_o laurel_n may_v all_o your_o undertake_n prosper_v appear_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o we_o and_o reign_v over_o we_o and_o as_o for_o myself_o in_o particular_a how_o happy_a be_o i_o upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o my_o country_n and_o at_o the_o head_n of_o this_o noble_a embassy_n to_o give_v your_o majesty_n the_o same_o suffrage_n which_o i_o have_v give_v you_o before_o in_o the_o field_n of_o mars_n how_o happy_a be_o i_o to_o have_v be_v choose_v to_o bring_v you_o the_o tiding_n of_o your_o be_v proclaim_v it_o be_v so_o great_a a_o honour_n for_o a_o noble_a polonian_a that_o he_o can_v not_o wish_v a_o great_a now_o then_o after_o we_o have_v thus_o congratulate_v your_o majesty_n we_o will_v return_v and_o spread_v the_o report_n of_o your_o fame_n among_o our_o brethren_n we_o will_v bless_v ourselves_o for_o what_o we_o have_v see_v we_o will_v publish_v what_o you_o be_v and_o how_o great_a our_o hope_n in_o so_o illustrious_a a_o prince_n last_o we_o will_v declare_v your_o glory_n among_o the_o nation_n and_o all_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o your_o majesty_n this_o speech_n be_v full_a of_o very_o high_a compliment_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v a_o prince_n endow_v with_o several_a good_a qualification_n yet_o i_o dare_v say_v all_o the_o accomplishment_n attribute_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n do_v very_o seldom_o meet_v together_o in_o a_o prince_n so_o young_a as_o his_o electoral_a highness_n therefore_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v that_o the_o pole_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v use_n of_o these_o insinuate_a flattery_n to_o inform_v their_o new_a prince_n what_o sort_n of_o king_n they_o desire_v what_o sort_n a_o prince_n they_o expect_v he_o shall_v be_v and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o can_v wish_v he_o will_v deport_v himself_o among_o they_o if_o this_o be_v their_o meaning_n i_o must_v excuse_v their_o flatery_a and_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v the_o best_a use_n that_o can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o party_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n concert_v measure_n how_o to_o support_v their_o election_n and_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n send_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o elector_n to_o compliment_v he_o out_o of_o the_o throne_n but_o the_o letter_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n without_o mention_v king_n elect_a of_o poland_n it_o be_v send_v back_o without_o be_v open_v the_o design_n of_o that_o letter_n be_v to_o represent_v to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n have_v be_v unanimous_o choose_v by_o the_o nobility_n whereas_o his_o election_n be_v only_o support_v by_o some_o few_o man_n and_o therefore_o they_o hope_v from_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n that_o he_o will_v not_o trouble_v their_o free_a election_n they_o protest_v to_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n for_o his_o heroical_a virtue_n but_o that_o it_o be_v never_o their_o intention_n to_o burden_v his_o serenity_n with_o the_o public_a government_n of_o their_o kingdom_n whilst_o he_o be_v so_o glorious_o employ_v against_o the_o common_a enemy_n this_o artifice_n have_v not_o succeed_v as_o they_o expect_v they_o make_v a_o protestation_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o july_n against_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o the_o party_n of_o saxony_n but_o by_o name_n against_o stanislaus_n jablonousky_n castelan_n and_o felix_n potosky_n polatine_n of_o cracavia_n grand_a general_n and_o inferior_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n joseph_n sluska_n castellan_n of_o vilna_n inferior_n general_n of_o lithuania_n stamstaus_n dabsky_n bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o several_a other_o who_o they_o charge_v with_o a_o design_n to_o overturn_v the_o state_n which_o as_o they_o say_v appear_v by_o their_o open_o protect_v the_o promoter_n of_o the_o confederacy_n of_o the_o army_n their_o delay_v the_o choice_n of_o a_o marshal_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o last_o by_o elect_v against_o the_o law_n observe_v in_o election_n a_o lutheran_n for_o king_n notwithstanding_o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n have_v be_v lawful_o and_o free_o elect_v and_o proclaim_v by_o the_o primate_n they_o protest_v also_o against_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o they_o presume_v to_o draw_v up_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v swear_v to_o by_o a_o calvinist_n ambassador_n the_o sacrament_n be_v clandestin_o expose_v this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o their_o protestation_n but_o though_o they_o be_v so_o positive_a in_o their_o accusation_n the_o other_o party_n as_o we_o have_v see_v pretend_v to_o have_v do_v nothing_o against_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a charge_n the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n with_o irregular_a proceed_n which_o after_o all_o be_v certain_o true_a the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n go_v the_o 26_o of_o july_n from_o tarnowit_n to_o picari_fw-la where_o he_o go_v to_o church_n with_o the_o ambassador_n be_v receive_v and_o complimented_a at_o the_o church_n door_n by_o monsieur_n crispin_n bishop_n of_o samogitia_n and_o brother_n to_o the_o lithuanian_a ambassador_n who_o carry_v the_o king_n elect_v to_o the_o place_n that_o be_v prepare_v for_o he_o near_o the_o altar_n there_o the_o king_n make_v a_o new_a profession_n of_o faith_n and_o receive_v the_o communion_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n after_o the_o mass_n he_o swear_v to_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la and_o then_o te_fw-la deum_n be_v sing_v which_o be_v attend_v with_o the_o loud_a acclamation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o other_o demonstration_n of_o joy_n the_o next_o day_n his_o majesty_n treat_v the_o polish_v ambassador_n the_o bishop_n of_o passau_n and_o several_a other_o lord_n in_o a_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n where_o he_o make_v the_o follow_a speech_n to_o the_o nobility_n assemble_v to_o congratulate_v he_o my_o dear_a and_o good_a friend_n you_o have_v choose_v i_o to_o be_v your_o king_n you_o be_v come_v to_o offer_v i_o the_o crown_n and_o you_o have_v bring_v i_o hither_o i_o be_o come_v and_o have_v quit_v my_o territory_n and_o my_o country_n for_o your_o sake_n not_o to_o be_v a_o burden_n to_o you_o but_o to_o bring_v abundance_n along_o with_o i_o my_o wealth_n my_o force_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o i_o to_o augment_v as_o much_o as_o in_o i_o lie_v the_o glory_n and_o honour_n of_o your_o nation_n by_o fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n more_o especial_o those_o of_o christendom_n be_v assure_v that_o my_o heart_n shall_v be_v always_o constant_a and_o sincere_a towards_o my_o faithful_a subject_n and_o that_o my_o sword_n shall_v only_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o your_o liberty_n and_o the_o authority_n with_o which_o you_o have_v invest_v i_o this_o short_a speech_n be_v so_o kind_o receive_v by_o the_o nobility_n that_o be_v present_a that_o they_o make_v new_a protestation_n to_o venture_v their_o life_n and_o estate_n to_o maintain_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n from_o picarri_n the_o king_n continue_v his_o march_n towards_o cracow_n into_o which_o place_n he_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v any_o entry_n but_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o castle_n of_o lopsow_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n within_o a_o mile_n from_o that_o place_n he_o view_v private_o the_o fortification_n of_o
fire_v of_o the_o artillery_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o three_o salvo_n of_o all_o the_o saxon_a force_n encamp_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o cracow_n the_o next_o day_n his_o majesty_n be_v clothe_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n go_v in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n and_o be_v set_a upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v before_o the_o house_n the_o magistrate_n come_v to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n of_o their_o town_n in_o a_o silver_n dish_n the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o king_n name_n assure_v they_o of_o his_o maiesty_n clemency_n and_o affection_n and_o read_v with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o they_o take_v kneel_v after_o which_o they_o present_v according_a to_o custom_n a_o purse_n full_a of_o ducat_n to_o his_o majesty_n who_o be_v please_v to_o confer_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o some_o of_o they_o all_o the_o people_n be_v about_o the_o throne_n a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v the_o office_n of_o treasurer_n scatter_v some_o money_n among_o they_o which_o liberality_n be_v proclaim_v by_o great_a acclamation_n of_o joy_n and_o long_o live_v friderick_n augustus_n our_o king_n the_o diet_n which_o be_v call_v some_o time_n before_o meet_v at_o cracow_n according_a to_o custom_n and_o at_o their_o first_o meeting_n some_o of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n make_v some_o reflection_n on_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o senator_n who_o have_v advisd_v the_o hasten_v of_o the_o king_n coronation_n which_o as_o they_o say_v aught_o to_o have_v be_v defer_v till_o the_o great_a dispute_n concern_v the_o crown_n be_v accommodate_v to_o which_o they_o say_v the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n be_v incline_v but_o they_o be_v silence_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o will_v not_o hear_v such_o discourse_n the_o contest_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o marshal_n go_v so_o far_o that_o the_o sabres_fw-es be_v draw_v but_o at_o last_o the_o matter_n be_v compose_v and_o the_o starost_n minsky_n of_o lithuania_n be_v choose_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o september_n and_o so_o the_o diet_n go_v on_o upon_o public_a business_n some_o day_n after_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n of_o war_n wherein_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o send_v a_o detachment_n of_o his_o force_n towards_o dantzick_n to_o prevent_v the_o prince_n of_o conty_n land_v and_o another_o to_o warsaw_n to_o secure_v the_o place_n and_o disperse_v the_o rebel_n which_o be_v according_o do_v the_o king_n in_o end_v to_o repair_v in_o few_o way_n to_o warsaw_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n but_o the_o primate_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o his_o majesty_n coronation_n and_o of_o his_o design_n to_o march_v to_o warsaw_n cause_v the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n with_o all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v embark_v on_o the_o vistula_n for_o jarreslow_v design_v to_o retire_v himself_o with_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o party_n to_o lowitz_n a_o strong_a place_n in_o a_o morass_n belong_v to_o his_o eminence_n which_o he_o do_v few_o day_n after_o the_o whole_a party_n be_v much_o surprise_v at_o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n coronation_n for_o they_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n will_v have_v proceed_v to_o it_o because_o of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v mention_v however_o they_o be_v not_o dishearten_v and_o they_o summon_v the_o nobility_n of_o upper_a poland_n to_o meet_v at_o lenovi_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o castellan_n of_o calish_n in_o the_o low_a poland_n at_o zawickhorst_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o palatine_a of_o beâ—z_n but_o the_o rendezvous_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o prince_n sapieha_n who_o be_v to_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o be_v daily_o expect_v that_o prince_n set_v out_o form_n dunkirk_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n on_o board_n the_o chevalier_n bart_n and_o arrive_v at_o dantzick_n the_o 25_o he_o send_v a_o gentleman_n to_o give_v notice_n of_o his_o arrival_n to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o desire_v a_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o city_n to_o which_o they_o answer_v that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n for_o his_o highness_n but_o that_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v crown_v they_o can_v do_v no_o more_o for_o he_o than_o give_v he_o the_o liberty_n to_o come_v ashore_o himself_o with_o his_o servant_n alone_o but_o not_o suffer_v any_o officer_n or_o soldier_n to_o land_n or_o pass_v through_o their_o city_n the_o prince_n be_v very_o much_o mortify_v at_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o magistrate_n but_o his_o mortification_n increase_v much_o on_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o same_o month_n that_o he_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o their_o proclaim_v his_o competitor_n with_o all_o imaginable_a solemnity_n which_o be_v a_o great_a disappointment_n to_o his_o party_n who_o think_v to_o have_v have_v their_o rendezvous_n in_o that_o place_n they_o have_v also_o buy_v several_a piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o ammunition_n but_o the_o magistrate_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o and_o forbid_v the_o inhabitant_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o sell_v any_o arm_n or_o ammunition_n to_o stranger_n the_o primate_n come_v incognito_o to_o confer_v with_o his_o highness_n with_o five_o or_o six_o other_o gentleman_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n think_v fit_a to_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o to_o notify_v his_o coronation_n as_o to_o answer_v some_o calumny_n raise_v by_o his_o enemy_n the_o substance_n of_o those_o letter_n be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v by_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n elect_v and_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v concern_v to_o find_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o person_n so_o much_o enemy_n of_o their_o country_n as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n that_o he_o understand_v they_o complain_v of_o his_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o bring_v force_n into_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o therein_o but_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o the_o troop_n he_o have_v with_o he_o be_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o unreasonable_a opposition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n he_o have_v use_v all_o endeavour_n to_o gain_v they_o by_o fair_a mean_n but_o the_o same_o not_o have_v have_v the_o effect_n he_o hope_v for_o his_o majesty_n place_n his_o confidence_n in_o the_o protection_n of_o almighty_n god_n and_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o they_o who_o choose_v he_o king_n will_v be_v careful_a to_o maintain_v their_o own_o honour_n and_o liberty_n immediate_o after_o the_o coronation_n the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v send_v to_o the_o army_n who_o have_v receive_v the_o arrear_n due_a to_o they_o declare_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v his_o majesty_n order_n the_o primate_n have_v send_v some_o deputy_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o come_v over_o to_o his_o party_n but_o he_o have_v be_v inform_v at_o lemberg_fw-mi of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o troop_n they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o venture_v to_o go_v to_o the_o camp_n for_o fear_v the_o general_n shall_v proceed_v against_o they_o as_o public_a enemy_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n 1697._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n one_o may_v reasonable_o believe_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n will_v find_v himself_o disappoint_v his_o competitor_n have_v many_o great_a advantage_n over_o he_o for_o although_o one_o will_v suppose_v which_o be_v certain_o false_a that_o their_o party_n in_o the_o republic_n be_v equal_a yet_o the_o elector_n territory_n border_v upon_o poland_n and_o all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n as_o sweden_n moscovy_n the_o emperor_n brandenburg_n etc._n etc._n have_v declare_v for_o he_o his_o party_n must_v needs_o prevail_v upon_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o rely_v upon_o but_o the_o supply_n from_o france_n which_o will_v be_v very_o uncertain_a consider_v the_o distance_n from_o france_n to_o poland_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o reader_n do_v perhaps_o expect_v that_o we_o shall_v inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o election_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o polish_v law_n or_o whether_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o which_o be_v neither_o improbable_a nor_o impossible_a but_o this_o inquity_n will_v
be_v useless_a for_o as_o thing_n be_v now_o dispose_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n that_o this_o affair_n will_v be_v decide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o equity_n however_o we_o may_v venture_v to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o irregularity_n in_o both_o election_n but_o much_o more_o in_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o that_o the_o irregular_a proceed_n in_o the_o other_o be_v chief_o occasion_v by_o the_o partiality_n of_o the_o primate_n the_o french_a party_n exclaim_v very_o much_o against_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n for_o have_v proclaim_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n but_o whatever_o they_o may_v say_v this_o prelate_n be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o to_o that_o point_n it_o be_v true_a it_o belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n to_o proclaim_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o the_o election_n be_v unanimous_a for_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o primate_n alone_o to_o proclaim_v a_o king_n the_o election_n will_v never_o be_v free_a and_o he_o may_v at_o that_o rate_n proclaim_v who_o he_o shall_v please_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o forego_n account_n that_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v the_o majority_n of_o voice_n on_o his_o side_n and_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o justify_v their_o proceed_n see_v the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n ought_v to_o have_v submit_v money_n be_v the_o only_a soul_n that_o enlivens_fw-la the_o affair_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v more_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o competitor_n can_v spare_v most_o money_n for_o let_v their_o right_n be_v what_o it_o will_v the_o first_o who_o want_v money_n will_v be_v in_o the_o wrong_n and_o lose_v the_o crown_n but_o the_o case_n be_v now_o different_a the_o elector_n be_v crown_v and_o have_v a_o good_a army_n of_o his_o own_o and_o needs_o not_o to_o rely_v entire_o on_o the_o fidelity_n of_o his_o party_n that_o prince_n be_v certain_o very_o rich_a but_o yet_o his_o purse_n bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o that_o of_o the_o french_a king_n who_o have_v already_o spend_v so_o much_o will_v neglect_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o set_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n upon_o the_o throne_n the_o winter_n draw_v nigh_o the_o baltic_a sea_n will_v be_v unnavigable_a and_o likely_a none_o of_o the_o german_a prince_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v to_o march_v a_o army_n into_o poland_n through_o their_o territory_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n have_v nothing_o to_o rely_v upon_o but_o his_o party_n which_o be_v very_o precarious_a for_o after_o all_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o pole_n will_v open_v their_o eye_n and_o consider_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o fear_v from_o france_n whereas_o they_o must_v expect_v a_o continual_a war_n with_o germany_n if_o this_o present_a king_n receive_v any_o disgrace_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v into_o his_o own_o country_n insomuch_o that_o although_o they_o shall_v beat_v he_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o controversy_n will_v not_o be_v at_o a_o end_n for_o his_o dominion_n border_v upon_o poland_n he_o may_v invade_v they_o at_o any_o time_n these_o reason_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o one_o will_v think_v they_o shall_v have_v already_o prevail_v upon_o the_o pole_n but_o their_o mercenary_a nobility_n be_v influence_v only_o by_o gold_n and_o do_v not_o care_n for_o the_o public_a good_a so_o long_o as_o they_o find_v their_o private_a interest_n in_o intestine_a division_n the_o court_n of_o rome_n who_o have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n keep_v now_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n but_o those_o refine_v politician_n will_v soon_o declare_v for_o one_o of_o the_o competitor_n and_o doubtless_o for_o the_o present_a king_n because_o of_o the_o great_a advantage_n they_o expect_v from_o the_o conversion_n of_o that_o prince_n to_o their_o religion_n which_o certain_o weaken_v much_o the_o protestant_n interest_n in_o germany_n the_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n in_o the_o road_n of_o dantzick_n without_o offer_v to_o go_v on_o shoar_n be_v a_o ill_a omen_n for_o his_o affair_n and_o see_v his_o party_n have_v resolve_v to_o give_v he_o only_o the_o title_n of_o protector_n of_o the_o religion_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o he_o will_v accept_v of_o it_o it_o be_v a_o tacit_fw-la confession_n that_o his_o election_n be_v illegal_a but_o if_o he_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o take_v it_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o he_o will_v make_v himself_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o protector_n as_o oliver_n cromwell_n be_v and_o perhaps_o the_o historian_n of_o this_o age_n will_v say_v of_o he_o in_o case_n he_o succeed_v what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o successor_n of_o julius_n caesar_n augustus_n arma_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o antonium_n acceperat_fw-la in_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la vertit_fw-la and_o real_o i_o will_v not_o blame_v he_o for_o it_o for_o he_o must_v needs_o spend_v as_o much_o money_n as_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v worth_a and_o perhaps_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o but_o i_o must_v give_v over_o conjecture_n time_n will_v soon_o bring_v this_o great_a controversy_n to_o a_o end_n the_o reader_n must_v not_o expect_v here_o a_o character_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n this_o undertake_n be_v above_o my_o reach_n therefore_o i_o must_v break_v off_o my_o discourse_n after_o have_v observe_v that_o he_o be_v bear_v may_v 12_o 1670._o second_o son_n to_o john_n george_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o of_o anne_n sophia_n sister_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n he_o have_v make_v several_a campaign_n on_o the_o rhine_n and_o flanders_n and_o after_o his_o brother_n death_n he_o command_v in_o chief_a the_o imperial_a army_n in_o hungary_n in_o the_o year_n 1695._o and_o 1696._o and_o have_v show_v on_o all_o occasion_n a_o extraordinary_a bravery_n he_o marry_v before_o he_o be_v elector_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o markgrave_n of_o bareith_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o majesty_n be_v of_o a_o very_a strong_a constitution_n and_o perhaps_o the_o strong_a man_n alive_a finis_fw-la