Selected quad for the lemma: king_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
king_n	abbot_n	parliament_n	prior_n	773	4	10.6117	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91237	The opening of the great seale of England. Containing certain brief historicall and legall observations, touching the originall, antiquity, progresse, vse, necessity of the great seal of the kings and kingdoms, of England, in respect of charters, patents, writs, commissions, and other processe. Together with the kings, kingdoms, Parliaments severall interests in, and power over the same, and over the Lord Chancellour, and the lords and keepers of it, both in regard of its new-making, custody, admi nistration [sic] for the better execution of publike justice, the republique necessary safety, and vtility. Occasioned by the over-rash censures of such who inveigh against the Parliament, for ordering a new great seale to be engraven, to supply the wilfull absence, defects, abuses of the old, unduely withdrawne and detained from them. / By William Prynne, Utter-Barrester of Lincolns Inne. ...	Prynne, William, 1600-1669.	1643 (1643)	Wing P4026; Thomason E251_2; ESTC R234376	44,104	39

together_o with_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o court_n their_o oath_n and_o fee_n so_o 34._o h._n 8._o c._n 26._o enact_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v several_a original_a and_o judicial_a seal_n make_v for_o the_o several_a county_n and_o circuit_n of_o wales_n prescribe_v the_o several_a party_n that_o shall_v keep_v these_o seal_n what_o writ_n and_o process_n they_o shall_v seal_v with_o they_o and_o what_o fee_n they_o shall_v take_v for_o they_o as_o you_o may_v read_v at_o large_a in_o the_o act._n in_o like_a manner_n the_o statute_n of_o 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 45._o and_o 33._o h._n 8._o c._n 22._o enact_v the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n to_o be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v one_o seal_n to_o be_v engravin_n and_o make_v after_o such_o form_n fashion_n and_o manner_n as_o shall_v be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n highness_n which_o shall_v remain_v and_o be_v order_v as_o be_v afterward_o declare_v in_o those_o act_n prescibe_v who_o shall_v keep_v it_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v and_o what_o fee_n shall_v be_v pay_v for_o it_o and_o 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 45._o ordain_v a_o particular_a seal_n for_o the_o court_n of_o first_o fruit_n and_o tenth_o which_o it_o erect_v with_o the_o officer_n that_o shall_v keep_v it_o their_o oath_n and_o fee_n for_o seal_v with_o it_o true_a it_o be_v these_o statute_n leave_v the_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o these_o seal_n last_o mention_v to_o the_o king_n appointment_n which_o they_o may_v have_v likewise_o prescribe_v as_o in_o the_o former_a act_n being_n be_v matter_n of_o no_o great_a moment_n but_o the_o keeper_n use_n order_v and_o fee_n of_o all_o these_o seal_n be_v punctual_o limit_v by_o the_o parliament_n and_o not_o leave_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o act_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o statute_n of_o 1._o e._n 6._o c._n 2_o enact_n that_o all_o archbishop_n and_o spiritual_a person_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o praemunire_n even_o in_o the_o king_n ecclesiastical_a court_n shall_v make_v out_o all_o their_o process_n in_o the_o king_n name_n with_o the_o king_n stile_n as_o it_o be_v in_o writ_n original_a and_o judicial_a at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o shall_v from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o i●ly_a have_v in_o their_o seal_n of_o office_n the_o king_n highness_n arm_n decent_o set_v with_o certain_a carect_v under_o the_o annes_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o diocese_n and_o shall_v use_v no_o other_o seal_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o wherein_o his_o majesty_n arm_n be_v engrave_v here_o the_o express_a form_n as_o well_o as_o use_v of_o these_o seal_n be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o parliament_n and_o not_o leave_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o king_n or_o bishop_n if_o then_o our_o parliament_n in_o all_o these_o case_n have_v thus_o prescribe_v new_a seal_n of_o the_o king_n for_o his_o court_n and_o officer_n together_o with_o the_o form_n custody_n use_n and_o fee_n of_o they_o in_o these_o several_a act_n why_o they_o may_v not_o likewise_o enjoy_v the_o make_n of_o a_o new_a broad_a seal_n to_o supply_v the_o absence_n of_o the_o old_a in_o the_o case_n forementioned_a i_o can_v yet_o discover_v it_o be_v the_o parliament_n seal_n and_o great_a seal_n of-england_n and_o so_o common_o style_v in_o sundry_a print_a statute_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o public_a justice_n and_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o parliament_n which_o represent_v it_o if_o the_o major_a bailiff_n bishop_n dean_n president_n of_o a_o college_n mr._n of_o a_o company_n abbot_n or_o prior_n or_o chief_a justice_n shall_v detain_v or_o withdraw_v the_o common_a seal_n of_o their_o several_a corporation_n or_o court_n the_o common_a counsel_n alderman_n chapter_n fellow_n livery-man_n and_o court_n may_v doubtless_o lawful_o make_v new_a seal_n without_o yea_o against_o their_o consent_n and_o use_v they_o too_o for_o their_o common_a affair_n without_o injury_n or_o forgery_n and_o why_o the_o parliament_n than_o may_v not_o in_o such_o case_n make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n of_o england_n by_o like_o reason_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n when_o the_o old_a their_o only_a seal_n be_v purposely_o withdraw_v and_o keep_v from_o they_o to_o hinder_v their_o proceed_n i_o can_v yet_o discern_v if_o any_o here_o object_n 1._o first_o that_o it_o be_v high_a treason_n both_o by_o the_o common_a and_o statute_n law_n to_o counterfeit_v or_o make_v the_o king_n great_a seal_n without_o his_o privity_n or_o consent_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o glanuil_n bracton_n britton_n here_o forecited_a 3_o e._n 1._o c._n 15._o 25._o e._n 3._o stat._n 5._o c._n 2._o of_o treason_n 5._o h._n 4._o c._n 15._o 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 2._o 1._o e._n 6._o c._n 12._o 1._o mar._n parl._n 1._o c._n 6._o stamford_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o brooke_n treason_n 3._o 13._o 17._o crompton_n jurisdiction_n of_o court_n 69._o and_o general_o all_o our_o law-book_n therefore_o for_o the_o parliament_n or_o any_o else_o by_o their_o command_n to_o make_v and_o use_v a_o new_a broad_a seal_n i_o answer_v answ_n 1_o that_o this_o be_v true_a only_a of_o private_a man_n who_o make_v a_o broad_a seal_n by_o their_o own_o particular_a authority_n in_o deceit_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n not_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o any_o employ_v to_o make_v or_o use_v it_o by_o their_o authority_n the_o parliament_n the_o supreme_a power_n of_o all_o other_o be_v uncapable_a of_o treason_n and_o out_o of_o the_o word_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o seand_a all_o act_n concerning_o treason_n as_o i_o have_v a_o 26._o elsewhere_o prove_v at_o large_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o second_o the_o king_n have_v his_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n not_o in_o his_o own_o particular_a but_o the_o kingdom_n and_o people_n right_a alone_o as_o their_o public_a minister_n and_o servant_n for_o their_o use_n and_o benefit_n the_o kingdom_n and_o parliament_n which_o represent_v it_o be_v the_o b_o 271._o proprietor_n of_o this_o seal_n which_o upon_o the_o king_n decease_n be_v ever_o surrender_v to_o the_o successor_n king_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o seal_n of_o other_o corporation_n go_v to_o the_o mayor_n bishop_n dean_n abbot_n precedent_n succesor_n not_o their_o heir_n executor_n or_o administrator_n as_o other_o man_n seal_n do_v the_o kingdom_n and_o parliament_n therefore_o be_v the_o true_a proprietor_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v the_o public_a seal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o the_o king_n may_v lawful_o give_v order_n for_o the_o new_a make_n of_o it_o even_o without_o the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n when_o it_o be_v undue_o withdraw_v withhold_v three_o the_o forge_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v high_a treason_n only_o as_o it_o be_v the_o c_o 26._o kingdom_n common_a seal_n not_o the_o king_n private_a and_o particular_a seal_n and_o a_o offence_n against_o the_o kingdom_n and_o king_n himself_o only_o in_o his_o politic_a public_a capacity_n as_o head_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o in_o his_o private_a whence_o counterseit_v of_o the_o king_n sign_n manual_a privy_a signet_n or_o privy_a seal_n be_v no_o high_a treason_n at_o common_a law_n be_v no_o public_a but_o rather_o private_a seal_n of_o the_o king_n till_o they_o be_v make_v so_o by_o 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 2._o since_o repeal_v by_o 1._o e._n 6._o c._n 12._o 1._o mariae_fw-la sest._n 1._o c._n 1._o rastall_n treason_n 13._o and_o so_o no_o treason_n at_o this_o day_n even_o as_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o king_n death_n be_v no_o treason_n consider_v only_o as_o he_o be_v a_o private_a man_n but_o as_o a_o d_o 8._o public_a person_n invest_v with_o his_o politic_a royal_a capacity_n if_o then_o the_o parliament_n the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o which_o all_o treason_n in_o counterfeit_v the_o great_a seal_n be_v principal_o commit_v and_o the_o true_a proprietory_a of_o this_o seal_n shall_v order_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n to_o be_v make_v or_o use_v for_o the_o service_n of_o itself_o and_o the_o kingdom_n in_o this_o case_n of_o necessity_n it_o can_v possible_o be_v high_a treason_n in_o they_o or_o their_o agent_n for_o than_o they_o shall_v be_v traitor_n to_o and_o against_o themselves_o and_o suffer_v for_o a_o offence_n against_o themselves_o and_o the_o realm_n do_v by_o their_o own_o vote_n and_o assent_v in_o parliament_n four_o the_o counterfeit_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n mention_v in_o those_o law_n book_n and_o statute_n be_v that_o only_a which_o be_v secret_a fraudulent_a traitorly_a in_o deceit_n of_o the_o king_n kingdom_n subject_n f_o like_o to_o counterfeit_v of_o false_a many_o ever_o join_v with_o it_o by_o private_a person_n as_o our_o law_n book_n and_o

make_v to_o saint_n guthlar_n and_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n with_o his_o general_n charter_n of_o privilege_n grant_v to_o all_o church_n and_o monastery_n date_v anno_fw-la 749._o the_o charter_n of_o i_o 231_o king_n ina_n grant_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glasterbury_n suppose_v to_o be_v spurious_a anno_fw-la 725._o of_o k_o 854._o king_n offa_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n anno_fw-la 793._o the_o l_o 324._o decree_n of_o adardus_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o council_n of_o clovesho_n an._n 803._o the_o charter_n of_o m_o 855._o king_n kenulphus_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n anno_fw-la 8●6_n the_o n_o 339_o decree_n of_o the_o synod_n of_o clevesh●_n under_o king_n beornwulfe_n anno_fw-la 824._o and_o of_o the_o council_n of_o london_n under_o king_n egbert_n anno_fw-la 833._o the_o charter_n of_o o_o 862._o witlasius_fw-la king_n of_o m●rcia_n to_o the_o abbey_n or_o croyland_n anno_fw-la 833._o the_o charter_n of_o king_n bertulphus_n to_o the_o same_o abbey_n an._n 851._o with_o the_o p_o 347._o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o kingesbury_n confirm_v and_o subscribe_v by_o this_o king_n and_o other_o the_o same_o year_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n the_o charter_n of_o q_o 41._o aeth_n iwulphus_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n anno_fw-la 855._o and_o to_o all_o church_n and_o monastery_n which_o he_o offer_v up_o to_o god_n upon_o the_o altar_n of_o saint_n peter_n t_o winchester_n where_o the_o bshop_n receive_v it_o and_o send_v it_o to_o all_o church_n to_o be_v publish_v the_o charter_n of_o r_o 864._o b●orredus_n king_n of_o merciae_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n anno_fw-la 860._o of_o *_o report_n queen_n aethelsw●th_v to_o cuthwulfe_n an._n 868._o of_o king_n ſ_o 54_o edmund_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n an._n 944._o of_o t_o 428._o king_n ●●dred_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n an._n 948._o the_o charter_n of_o u_o 886._o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n an._n 966._o 970._o 974._o to_o the_o x_o report_n abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n an._n 965._o 971._o and_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o malmesbury_n an._n 974._o his_o charter_n of_o osweld_n law_n an._n 964._o his_o charter_n to_o his_o new_a monestery_n of_o winchester_n an._n 966._o and_o another_o charter_n ar._n 964._o the_o charter_n of_o y_o report_n king_n aeth●lred_n an._n 995._o to_o vlfric_n with_o z_o 510._o his_o charter_n of_o privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n an._n 1006._o the_o a_o 533._o charter_n of_o king_n knute_n or_o canutus_n to_o the_o church_n of_o our_o saviour_n at_o canterbury_n an._n 1018._o and_o to_o the_o abbey_n b_o 914._o of_o croyland_n an._n 1032._o of_o thorold_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n an._n 1051._o and_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o same_o abbey_n about_o the_o year_n 1050._o all_o these_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o king_n before_o the_o conquest_n have_v no_o seal_n at_o all_o annex_v to_o they_o but_o be_v only_o ratify_v with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n subscribe_v by_o the_o king_n themselves_o and_o these_o who_o make_v they_o together_o with_o their_o name_n and_o with_o the_o name_n and_o cross_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o these_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o king_n which_o grant_v any_o land_n or_o privilege_n to_o abbey_n or_o church_n be_v make_v in_o full_a counsel_n and_o parliament_n with_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o bishop_n prelate_n abbot_n duke_n earl_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n therein_o present_a who_o common_o subscribe_v they_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o none_o of_o our_o ancient_a king_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v have_v any_o power_n to_o grant_v or_o alien_n the_o land_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o they_o enjoy_v only_o in_o the_o kingdom_n right_a and_o for_o its_o use_n to_o any_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o noble_n and_o people_n in_o full_a parliament_n and_o in_o most_o of_o these_o charter_n abbey_n and_o church-land_n be_v exempt_v from_o all_o tax_n tallage_n and_o temporal_a service_n whatsoever_o except_o the_o repair_n of_o high_a way_n bridge_n and_o castle_n for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o c_o pt_n thereby_o be_v ancient_o exempt_v from_o danegeld_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o manifest_v which_o of_o our_o king_n first_o use_v a_o seal_n be_v not_o certain_o determine_v sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o institute_n on_o littleton_n fol._n 7._o a._n record_n that_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n offa_n whereby_o he_o grant_v peter-pence_n do_v yet_o remain_v under_o his_o seal_n now_o this_o charter_n as_o d_o 312._o sir_n henry_n spelman_n and_o our_o e_o other_o historian_n general_o in_o his_o life_n record_n be_v date_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 793._o or_o 794._o and_o be_v the_o first_o charter_n scale_v if_o true_a by_o any_o of_o our_o king_n there_o be_v another_o f_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n edwin_n of_o certain_a land_n call_v jecklea_n in_o the_o is●le_n of_o elie_n bear_v date_n anno_fw-la 956._o seal_v with_o his_o own_o seal_n and_o with_o the_o seal_n of_o elfwin_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n i_o read_v in_o francis_n thin_a his_o catalogue_n of_o chancellor_n and_o in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n his_o glossary_a fol._n 126._o 132._o that_o our_o saxon_a king_n aethelstan_n edmund_n edred_n edgar_n and_o aethelred_n have_v their_o several_a chancellor_n but_o whether_o they_o have_v any_o seal_n or_o not_o be_v uncertain_a if_o they_o have_v any_o it_o be_v certain_a write_v g_o fair_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n that_o they_o scarce_o use_v they_o at_o all_o or_o very_o rare_o most_o of_o their_o charter_n have_v no_o seal_n at_o all_o but_o only_a cross_n or_o subscription_n of_o these_o king_n name_n and_o witness_n the_o very_o h_o 94._o first_o of_o all_o our_o king_n who_o use_v a_o large_a br●ad_v seal_v be_v edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o normandy_n introduce_v that_o with_o some_o other_o of_o the_o norman_n guise_n with_o he_o and_o have_v three_o chancellor_n under_o this_o i_o 126._o seal_n he_o grant_v a_o charter_n of_o sundry_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n of_o saint_n peter_n in_o westminster_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1066._o which_o be_v seal_v by_o his_o chancellor_n reynbaldus_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o this_o his_o subscription_n to_o that_o deed_n ego_fw-la reynbaldus_n regis_fw-la cancellarius_n relegi_fw-la and_o sigillavi_n this_o be_v the_o first_o charter_n for_o aught_o appear_v that_o ever_o be_v seal_v with_o a_o royal_a broa●_z seal_n or_o by_o a_o chancellor_n but_o that_o all_o this_o good_a king_n charter_n or_o any_o of_o his_o writ_n or_o commission_n be_v thus_o seal_v by_o this_o great_a scale_n or_o that_o the_o chancellor_n then_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o seal_n which_o the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o ludovicus_n pius_n have_v not_o in_o france_n as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n prove_v in_o his_o glossary_a p._n 127._o out_o of_o capit._n l._n 2._o c._n 24._o and_o eg●lismensis_fw-la in_fw-la vita_fw-la caroli_fw-la p_n 15._o and_o the_o passage_n of_o ingulphus_n concerning_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chancellor_n in_o his_o time_n cite_v in_o spelman_n seem_v to_o disprove_v be_v a_o non_fw-la liquet_fw-la unto_o i_o the_o exact_a form_n of_o this_o king_n great_a seal_n you_o may_v behold_v in_o *_o 409._o john_n speed_n together_o with_o the_o various_a effigy_n of_o all_o our_o succeed_a king_n broad_a seal_n prefix_v by_o he_o before_o their_o several_a life_n two_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o in_o this_o enquiry_n after_o the_o original_a use_n of_o our_o king_n great_a seal_n seem_v somewhat_o dubious_a unto_o i_o first_o when_o how_o and_o by_o what_o law_n or_o mean_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o our_o king_n charter_n and_o patent_n ought_v of_o necessity_n to_o be_v seal_v with_o the_o great_a seal_n contrary_a to_o the_o primitive_a usage_n in_o former_a age_n or_o else_o to_o be_v repute_v invalid_a and_o mere_a nullity_n in_o law_n second_o when_o and_o by_o what_o law_n or_o ground_n and_o in_o what_o king_n reign_n writ_n commission_n and_o other_o process_n of_o law_n begin_v to_o be_v issue_v out_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n or_o else_o to_o be_v disallow_v as_o illegal_a it_o be_v evident_a unto_o i_o that_o charter_n and_o patent_n be_v usual_o seal_v by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n before_o any_o of_o their_o writ_n commission_n or_o legal_a process_n issue_v under_o their_o seal_n these_o two_o doubt_n i_o confess_v be_v beyond_o my_o skill_n exact_o to_o assoil_v yet_o this_o i_o conjecture_v as_o most_o consonant_a to_o truth_n that_o k_o 415._o edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v train_v up_o in_o normandy_n and_o addict_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o

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esteem_v even_o in_o that_o blind_a age_n which_o may_v be_v further_o ratify_v by_o this_o monkish_a story_n relate_v out_o of_o the_o promptuary_n of_o the_o disciple_n and_o arnoldus_fw-la in_o u_o 1521._o the_o flower_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o god_n that_o a_o monk_n of_o clervaulx_n be_v choose_v to_o be_v bishop_n the_o which_o refuse_v it_o against_o the_o will_n of_o his_o abbot_n and_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o soon_o after_o die_v who_o appear_v after_o his_o death_n to_o his_o familiar_a he_o demand_v of_o he_o if_o the_o disobeysance_n before_o say_a have_v noy_v he_o he_o answer_v that_o nay_o and_o afterward_o say_v if_o i_o have_v take_v the_o bishopric_n i_o have_v be_v damn_v and_o say_v moreover_o a_o horrible_a word_n the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n be_v come_v unto_o this_o that_o she_o be_v not_o digne_fw-fr to_o be_v govern_v but_o of_o ill_a bishop_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o story_n tarketulas_fw-la refuse_v the_o glory_n of_o this_o terrene_a dignity_n and_o transitory_a honour_n of_o a_o bishopric_n the_o king_n at_o last_o make_v he_o his_o chancellor_n ut_fw-la quaecunque_fw-la negotia_fw-la temporalia_fw-la vel_fw-la spiritualia_fw-la regis_fw-la judicium_fw-la expectabant_fw-la illius_fw-la consilio_fw-la et_fw-la decreto_fw-la tam_fw-la sanctae_fw-la fidei_fw-la et_fw-la tam_fw-la profundi_fw-la ingenii_fw-la tenobatur_fw-la omnia_fw-la tracturantur_fw-la and_o tractata_fw-la irrefrag●bilem_fw-la sententiam_fw-la sortirentur_fw-la consilio_fw-la ergo_fw-la illius_fw-la multa_fw-la bona_fw-la opera_fw-la etc._n etc._n off●cis_fw-la after_o which_o he_o add_v he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n with_o these_o three_o king_n both_o for_o his_o incomparable_a wisdom_n and_o valour_n he_o have_v sixty_o manner_n of_o his_o own_o six_o whereof_o he_o give_v to_o god_n and_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n where_o he_o become_v abbot_n and_o the_o residue_n to_o the_o king_n and_o vast_a treasure_n of_o jewel_n and_o money_n yet_o in_o all_o this_o greatness_n his_o title_n of_o chancellor_n be_v his_o high_a dignity_n as_o ingulphus_n manifest_v therefore_o it_o be_v then_o no_o doubt_n the_o most_o eminent_a office_n three_o that_o in_o those_o time_n x_o 127._o it_o be_v one_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o chancellor_n office_n by_o himself_o or_o his_o notary_n and_o substitute_n to_o dictate_v and_o write_v all_o the_o king_n charter_n patent_n writ_n and_o to_o subscribe_v they_o as_o a_o witness_n whence_o turketulus_n when_o he_o be_v chancellor_n write_v or_o dictate_v most_o of_o

french_a then_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o those_o in_o the_o east_n in_o proper_a person_n which_o i_o only_o note_v in_o the_o by_o have_v omit_v it_o in_o its_o due_a place_n first_o to_o manifest_v what_o high_a esteem_n our_o king_n have_v have_v of_o the_o resolution_n and_o advise_v of_o their_o parliament_n to_o which_o they_o whole_o submit_v their_o own_o judgement_n acquiesce_v in_o their_o resolve_n second_o to_o evidence_n the_o soveveraigne_a power_n of_o parliament_n over_o our_o king_n then_o who_o may_v not_o desert_v the_o realm_n not_o take_v any_o new_a honour_n or_o dominion_n upon_o they_o without_o their_o previous_a consent_n and_o advice_n three_o to_o show_v the_o duty_n of_o king_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o kingdom_n king_n richard_n the_o first_o succeed_v his_o father_n henry_n the_o second_o rather_o by_o election_n than_o succession_n and_o d_o 530._o not_o style_v a_o king_n by_o our_o ancient_a writer_n before_o his_o coronation_n be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o our_o king_n as_o our_o e_o a._n writer_n accord_n who_o seal_v with_o a_o seal_n of_o arm_n all_o our_o former_a king_n seal_n be_v but_o the_o picture_n of_o the_o king_n sit_v in_o a_o throne_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o seal_n and_o on_o horseback_n on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o divers_a form_n with_o various_a inscription_n of_o their_o name_n and_o style_n which_o you_o may_v view_v in_o speed_n but_o this_o king_n bear_v two_o lion_n rampant_a combatant_n in_o a_o shield_n in_o his_o first_o and_o three_o lion_n passant_a in_o his_o latter_a seal_n bear_v ever_o after_o by_o our_o king_n as_o the_o royal_a arm_n of_o england_n his_o first_o f_o grafton_n chancellor_n be_v william_n longchamp_n bishop_n of_o elie_n legate_n to_o the_o pope_n who_o he_o make_v his_o viceroy_n and_o justiciar_n of_o england_n when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o the_o saracen_n commit_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o government_n chief_o who_o infinite_o oppress_v and_o tyrannize_v over_o it_o as_o all_o our_o historian_n evidence_n g_o 156._o matthew_n paris_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o erat_fw-la idem_fw-la canceli_n arius_n maximus_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la occidentales_fw-la rex_fw-la et_fw-la sacerdos_fw-la in_fw-la anglia_fw-la qui_fw-la omnia_fw-la pro_fw-la nihilo_fw-la ducebat_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopali_fw-la tantum_fw-la dignitate_fw-la non_fw-la contentus_fw-la nimis_fw-la alta_fw-la se_fw-la sperare_fw-la denotavit_fw-la in_fw-la prima_fw-la namque_fw-la literarum_fw-la suarum_fw-la front_n vanitatem_fw-la et_fw-la elationem_fw-la expressit_fw-la cum_fw-la dixit_fw-la willielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la common_o use_v before_o in_o and_o since_o that_o age_n by_o and_o to_o bishop_n pope_n abbot_n in_o public_a writ_n as_o well_o as_o king_n as_o the_o h_o 782._o marginal_a author_n manifest_a eliensis_n episcopus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la justitiarius_n and_o apostolicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la legatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v autem_fw-la dignitates_fw-la quos_fw-la pretio_fw-la obtinuerat_fw-la immoderato_fw-la excessu_fw-la exercuit_fw-la volens_fw-la locellos_fw-la quas_fw-la in_fw-la earum_fw-la impetratione_fw-la evacuerat_fw-la reficere_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o chancellor_n as_o be_v probable_a have_v the_o custody_n of_o one_o part_n of_o the_o seal_n in_o this_o king_n absence_n for_o the_o better_a administration_n of_o justice_n though_o the_o king_n carry_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n with_o he_o into_o the_o war_n pretend_v to_o be_v there_o lose_v as_o you_o shall_v present_o hear_v i_o find_v divers_a of_o this_o king_n charter_n letter_n writ_n before_o and_o after_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy-land_n recite_v in_o i_o 748._o hoveden_n these_o charter_n which_o questionless_a be_v seal_v with_o his_o seal_n be_v subscribe_v by_o sundry_a witness_n the_o writ_n and_o charter_n conclude_v with_o a_o teste_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la chinonem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o charter_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o sadburgh_n to_o hugh_n bishop_n of_o durham_n 132._o be_v thus_o date_v datum_fw-la anno_fw-la primo_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 18_o die_fw-la septembris_fw-la apud_fw-la eatingat_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la willielmi_fw-la de_fw-fr longo_fw-la campo_fw-it cancellarii_fw-la nostri_fw-la during_o this_o king_n richard_n imprisonment_n in_o germany_n henry_n the_o emperor_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o noble_n of_o england_n for_o this_o king_n by_o william_n longchamp_n his_o chancellor_n aurea_fw-la bulla_fw-la imbullatas_fw-la in_fw-la hac_fw-la forma_fw-la seal_v with_o a_o golden_a bull_n in_o this_o form_n and_o soon_o after_o this_o k_o 730._o chancellor_n william_n briwere_v and_o other_o conclude_v a_o peace_n between_o this_o king_n and_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n authorize_v thereto_o by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n these_o commissioner_n not_o only_o swear_v to_o but_o seal_v the_o article_n of_o this_o truce_n as_o this_o close_a of_o it_o manifest_v quae_fw-la omnia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ut_fw-la rata_fw-la permaneant_fw-la et_fw-la inconcussa_fw-la ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la de_fw-la rupibus_fw-la and_o ego_fw-la joannes_n de_fw-fr pratellis_fw-la and_o ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la briwere_n per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la sigillorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la attestatione_fw-la roboravimus_fw-la actum_fw-la meduneae_fw-la anno_fw-la ab_fw-la incarnatione_fw-la domini_fw-la 1193._o octav●_z idus_fw-la julii_fw-la and_o the_o very_o next_o year_n the_o l_o 743._o letter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o truce_n make_v between_o these_o two_o king_n by_o drogo_n and_o anselm_n and_o swear_v by_o they_o in_o the_o french_a king_n behalf_n have_v this_o conclusion_n et_fw-la nos_fw-la ut_fw-la omnia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la firma_fw-la sint_fw-la and_o stabilita_fw-la universa_fw-la praedicta_fw-la sigillis_fw-la nostris_fw-la roboravimus_fw-la actum_fw-la inter_fw-la vernelium_n and_o thiler_n anno_fw-la incarnati_fw-la verbi_fw-la 1194._o 23_o die_fw-la iulii_fw-la king_n richard_n be_v release_v this_o very_a year_n which_o be_v the_o six_o of_o his_o reign_n out_o of_o prison_n and_o new_o crown_v among_o other_o oppressve_fw-la project_n to_o raise_v money_n to_o maintain_v his_o war_n which_o make_v he_o a_o extraordinary_a oppressiour_fw-fr of_o his_o people_n m_o other_o cause_v a_o new_a broad_a seal_n to_o be_v make_v the_o portraiture_n whereof_o you_o may_v view_v in_o speed_n pretend_v that_o the_o old_a be_v lose_v when_o roger_n his_o vicechancellor_n be_v drown_v before_o cyprus_n and_o that_o his_o chancellor_n during_o his_o imprisonment_n have_v abuse_v this_o seal_n whereupon_o he_o take_v it_o from_o he_o require_v and_o command_v that_o all_o person_n as_o well_o clergy_n man_n as_o lay_v man_n who_o have_v charter_n or_o confirmation_n under_o his_o old_a seal_n shall_v bring_v they_o in_o to_o be_v renew_a under_o his_o new_a seal_n and_o unless_o they_o do_v so_o that_o nothing_o which_o have_v be_v pass_v by_o his_o old_a seal_n shall_v be_v ratify_v or_o hold_v good_a in_o law_n by_o which_o device_n he_o draw_v a_o great_a mass_n of_o money_n to_o his_o treasury_n subscribe_v his_o new-sealed_a charter_n thus_o this_o be_v the_o tenor_n of_o our_o charter_n under_o our_o first_o seal_n which_o because_o it_o be_v lose_v and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o our_o be_v captive_a in_o almaigne_n in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v change_v etc._n etc._n which_o n_o 785._o hoveden_n thus_o relate_v et_fw-la imputans_fw-la cancellario_fw-la suo_fw-la hoc_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la factum_fw-la abstulit_fw-la ab_o eo_fw-la sigillum_fw-la suum_fw-la et_fw-la facit_fw-la sib_fw-la novum_fw-la sigillum_fw-la fieri_fw-la tum_fw-la quia_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la ille_fw-la operatus_fw-la fuerat_fw-la inde_fw-la 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charter_n be_v seal_v with_o his_o great_a seal_n second_o that_o the_o abuse_n loss_n or_o absence_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o make_v a_o new_a one_o three_o that_o the_o profit_n make_v by_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o project_n of_o raise_v money_n by_o new_a charter_n seal_v with_o it_o be_v the_o true_a original_a cause_n all_o seal_n of_o charter_n and_o writ_n with_o his_o seal_n and_o make_v it_o simple_o necessary_a in_o law_n there_o be_v no_o public_a resolution_n or_o

here_o with_o trivial_a common_a thing_n concerning_o seal_n or_o seal_v but_o only_o with_o such_o antiquity_n and_o rarity_n as_o be_v not_o common_o know_v nor_o mention_v in_o our_o law_n book_n the_o king_n and_o parliament_n several_a and_o joint_a interest_n in_o and_o power_n over_o the_o new-making_n keep_v order_v of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n have_v thus_o trace_v out_o the_o original_n progress_n use_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n through_o the_o obscure_a path_n of_o abstruse_a antiquity_n with_o as_o much_o verity_n perspicuity_n brevity_n as_o possible_a i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n summary_o examine_v what_o several_a or_o joint_a interest_n the_o king_n kingdom_n and_o parliament_n have_v in_o what_o power_n or_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o new-making_n keep_v or_o use_v thereof_o for_o the_o better_a assoyl_n of_o which_o grand_a question_n now_o in_o public_a agitation_n 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politic_a capacity_n as_o head_n or_o supreme_a governor_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o public_a minister_n thereof_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o parliament_n by_o this_o occasion_n and_o upon_o this_o reason_n come_v to_o gain_v a_o public_a interest_n in_o and_o jurisdiction_n over_o these_o seal_n as_o well_o as_o our_o king_n even_o as_o in_o all_o other_o inferior_a corration_n the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o major_n in_o city_n and_o borough_n the_o chapter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n or_o dean_n the_o covent_n as_o well_o as_o the_o abbot_n or_o prior_n the_o warden_n assistant_n and_o whole_a company_n as_o well_o as_o the_o master_n the_o fellow_n of_o college_n as_o well_o as_o the_o precedent_n have_v a_o public_a interest_n in_o and_o power_n over_o their_o several_a corporation-seal_n make_v only_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o affair_n as_o i_o shall_v manifest_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o in_o this_o respect_n the_o great_a seal_n come_v to_o be_v common_o call_v *_o other_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o our_o act_n as_o in_o 14._o and_o 15._o hen_n 8._o c._n 4._o 34_o and_o 35_o hen_n 8._o c._n 26._o 1_o ed._n 6._o c._n 44._o 3_o and_o 4_o ed._n 6_o c._n 12._o 2_o and_o 3_o phil._n and_o mar._n cap._n 20._o 1_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o 5_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o 8_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o 13_o eliz_n cap._n 6_o 7_o 9_o 18_o eliz._n cap._n 2._o 23_o eliz._n cap._n 14._o 39_o eliz._n cap._n 6_o 43_o eliz._n cap._n 4._o 5_o eliz._n cap._n 18._o a_o act_n declare_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n frequent_o thus_o style_v in_o this_o act_n and_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n to_o be_v one_o 1_o jac._n c._n 28._o 1_o car._n c._n 2._o 16_o car._n c._n 1._o with_o sundry_a other_o act_n to_o omit_v law-book_n and_o historier_n and_o be_v thus_o become_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n the_o parliament_n the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n of_o england_n must_v necessary_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o and_o jurisdiction_n over_o it_o in_o all_o public_a respect_n even_o so_o far_o as_o to_o new_a make_v it_o when_o there_o be_v need_n and_o to_o dispose_v it_o for_o necessary_a affair_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o realm_n when_o the_o old_a seal_n the_o proper_a seal_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v purposely_o subtract_v yea_o deny_v they_o for_o necessary_a public_a use_n second_o that_o after_o the_o great_a seal_n become_v common_a and_o necessary_a to_o most_o public_a affair_n in_o which_o regard_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o parliament_n come_v to_o have_v a_o right_a in_o and_o power_n over_o it_o so_o in_o other_o respect_n the_o king_n still_o retain_v a_o peculiar_a interest_n and_o prerogative_n in_o it_o in_o all_o arbitrary_a matter_n of_o royal_a grace_n and_o favour_n to_o which_o he_o be_v no_o way_n oblige_v in_o point_n of_o law_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v call_v the_o king_n great_a seal_n as_o first_o in_o case_n of_o general_a or_o particular_a charter_n of_o pardon_n second_o of_o indenization_n or_o enfranchisment_n three_o of_o erect_v new_a corporation_n or_o confirm_v old_a four_o of_o dispense_v with_o some_o kind_n of_o law_n penalty_n and_o forfeiture_n five_o of_o confer_v some_o kind_n of_o less_o public_a office_n and_o annuity_n for_o service_n perform_v or_o to_o be_v execute_v six_o of_o grant_v new_a liberty_n or_o franchise_n of_o grace_n to_o corporation_n or_o private_a subject_n seven_o of_o create_v or_o confer_v new_a honour_n on_o deserve_a man_n eight_o of_o licence_n for_o mortmain_n impropriation_n alienation_n consecration_n of_o new_a church_n or_o chapel_n etc._n etc._n nine_o of_o public_a collection_n for_o person_n or_o town_n distress_v through_o fire_n shipwreck_n or_o other_o casualty_n ten_o of_o private_a negotiation_n with_o foreign_a prince_n state_n or_o subject_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o protection_n commission_n of_o grace_n rather_o than_o right_a or_o justice_n in_o all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a particular_n of_o mere_a grace_n or_o less_o public_a concernment_n the_o kingdom_n and_o parliament_n neither_o proper_o have_v nor_o pretend_v to_o have_v any_o public_a right_n or_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o great_a or_o petty_a seal_n but_o leave_v they_o absolute_o free_a to_o the_o king_n as_o if_o they_o be_v his_o own_o private_a seal_n alone_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o his_o charter_n pardon_n grant_n license_n dispensation_n protection_n commission_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o not_o repugnant_a to_o they_o three_o the_o parliament_n and_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o to_o all_o public_a affair_n of_o state_n and_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n to_o all_o the_o subject_n have_v commit_v the_o make_v lawful_a use_n power_n and_o disposal_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o trust_n to_o the_o king_n as_o to_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n and_o justitiar_n over_o which_o they_o never_o claim_v a_o constitute_n or_o dispose_v jurisdiction_n while_o it_o be_v right_o manage_v according_a to_o law_n but_o if_o this_o seal_n be_v either_o wilful_o abuse_v or_o subtract_v contrary_a to_o law_n or_o trust_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o obstruction_n of_o public_a justice_n or_o violation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n and_o not_o redress_v after_o several_a complaint_n and_o petition_n of_o the_o house_n to_o the_o king_n for_o reformation_n of_o this_o grievance_n whether_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o parliament_n in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o who_o have_v authority_n to_o remedy_v the_o grievance_n the_o abuse_n or_o wilful_a absence_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n have_v not_o likewise_o a_o lawful_a sovereign_a power_n to_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n and_o appoint_v a_o keeper_n of_o it_o for_o supply_v the_o absence_n regulate_v the_o abuse_n of_o the_o old_a remove_v obstruction_n of_o public_a justice_n fill_v up_o the_o commons_o house_n by_o issue_v writ_n to_o elect_a knight_n and_o burgess_n in_o the_o place_n of_o such_o as_o be_v dead_a or_o just_o expel_v now_o deny_v seal_v of_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o parliament_n and_o other_o such_o public_a parliamentary_a affair_n necessary_o require_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n the_o proper_a seal_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n which_o have_v no_o other_o seal_n but_o it_o and_o lord_n chancellor_n the_o ordinary_a speaker_n of_o the_o lord_n house_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o very_a office_n in_o all_o age_n and_o so_o his_o and_o the_o great_a seal_n presence_n absolute_o necessary_a unless_o dispense_v with_o by_o the_o house_n upon_o inevitable_a occasion_n of_o absence_n be_v the_o sole_a question_n now_o in_o debate_n and_o under_o correction_n in_o this_o case_n and_o for_o these_o