first_o of_o edward_n the_o fouâ—h_n which_o act_n continue_v still_o unrepealed_a i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o prove_v the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o i_o need_v go_v no_o high_a which_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a from_o the_o best_a historian_n who_o live_v either_o in_o or_o near_o that_o time_n from_o doomeseday_n book_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o from_o historian_n etc._n etc._n eadmer_n hist._n nou._n fol._n 6._o a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n and_o very_o intimate_v with_o archbishop_n lanfrank_n and_o with_o he_o when_o news_n come_v of_o the_o conqueror_n death_n write_v that_o william_n design_v to_o establish_v those_o law_n and_o usage_n in_o england_n which_o his_o ancestor_n and_o himself_o observe_v in_o normandy_n make_v such_o person_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n who_o can_v not_o be_v think_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o incompliance_n with_o his_o new_a model_n know_v by_o who_o and_o to_o what_o station_n they_o be_v raise_v all_o religious_a and_o secular_a affair_n he_o manage_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o after_o the_o historian_n have_v relate_v in_o what_o point_n he_o disallow_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o archbishop_n he_o conclude_v thus_o but_o what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_a matter_n i_o forbear_v to_o write_v because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o my_o purpose_n and_o likewise_o because_o any_o one_o may_v guess_v by_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v already_o at_o what_o rate_n he_o order_v the_o state._n the_o next_o testimony_n shall_v be_v fetch_v out_o of_o ingulph_n abbot_n of_o croyland_n a_o english_a man_n bear_v secretary_n to_o william_n when_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o make_v abbot_n by_o he_o this_o author_n inform_v we_o that_o by_o hard_a usage_n he_o make_v the_o english_a submit_v that_o he_o give_v the_o earldem_n barony_n bishopric_n and_o prelacy_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n to_o his_o norman_n and_o scarce_o permit_v any_o english_a man_n to_o enjoy_v any_o place_n of_o honour_n dominion_n or_o power_n hist._n croyl_n f._n 512._o but_o gervace_n of_o tilbury_n a_o considerable_a officer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o who_o receive_v his_o information_n from_o henry_n of_o blois_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o grandchild_n to_o the_o conqueror_n be_v more_o full_a to_o this_o purpose_n which_o he_o thus_o deliver_v after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o just_a subversion_n of_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o great_a man_n have_v view_v and_o survey_v their_o new_a acquest_n there_o be_v a_o strict_a enquiry_n make_v who_o there_o be_v which_o have_v fight_v against_o the_o king_n and_o secure_v themselves_o by_o flight_n from_o these_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o such_o as_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o field_n all_o hope_n of_o possess_v eiâ—er_a land_n or_o rent_n be_v cut_v off_o for_o they_o count_v it_o a_o great_a favour_n to_o have_v their_o life_n give_v they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v call_v and_o solicit_v to_o fight_v against_o king_n william_n and_o do_v not_o if_o by_o a_o humble_a submission_n they_o can_v gain_v the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n they_o then_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o possess_v somewhat_o in_o their_o own_o person_n but_o without_o any_o right_n of_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o posterity_n their_o child_n enjoy_v it_o only_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n to_o who_o when_o they_o become_v unacceptable_a they_o be_v every_o where_o out_v of_o their_o estate_n neither_o will_v any_o restore_v what_o they_o have_v take_v away_o and_o when_o the_o miserable_a native_n represent_v their_o grievance_n public_o to_o the_o king_n inform_v he_o how_o they_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o fortune_n and_o that_o without_o redress_n they_o must_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v into_o other_o country_n at_o length_n upon_o consultation_n it_o be_v order_v that_o what_o they_o can_v obtain_v of_o their_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o desert_n or_o lawful_a bargain_n they_o shall_v hold_v by_o unquestionable_a right_n but_o shall_v not_o claim_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o time_n the_o nation_n be_v conquer_a under_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n or_o descent_n upon_o what_o great_a consideration_n this_o be_v do_v be_v manifest_a say_v gervace_n for_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o compliance_n and_o obedience_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n favour_v therefore_o whoever_o of_o the_o conquer_a nation_n possess_v land_n etc._n etc._n obtain_v they_o not_o as_o if_o they_o be_v their_o right_n by_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n but_o as_o a_o reward_n of_o their_o service_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n gervase_n of_o tilbury_n or_o the_o black_a book_n in_o the_o exchequer_n lib._n 1._o cap._n de_fw-fr murdro_n de_fw-fr necessary_a observe_v the_o next_o testimony_n i_o shall_v produce_v be_v out_o of_o gulielmus_fw-la pictaviensis_fw-la who_o live_v about_o the_o time_n of_o ingulph_n this_o writer_n speak_v of_o king_n william_n coronation_n add_v cujus_fw-la liberi_fw-la atque_fw-la nepotes_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n who_o child_n and_o posterity_n shall_v govern_v england_n by_o a_o just_a succession_n which_o he_o possess_v by_o a_o hereditary_a bequest_n confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a and_o by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o sword_n gul._n pict_n fol._n 206._o far_o ordericus_n vitalis_n who_o live_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o second_o tell_v we_o how_o william_n the_o first_o circumvent_v the_o two_o great_a earl_n of_o mercia_n and_o that_o after_o edwin_n be_v slay_v and_o morcar_n imprison_v than_o king_n william_n begin_v to_o show_v himself_o and_o give_v his_o assistant_n the_o best_a and_o most_o considerable_a county_n in_o england_n and_o make_v rich_a colonel_n and_o captain_n of_o very_o mean_a norman_n oder_fw-ge vital_a fol._n 251._o the_o same_o author_n relate_v that_o after_o the_o norman_a arm_n overcome_v england_n and_o king_n william_n have_v reduce_v it_o under_o the_o government_n of_o his_o own_o law_n he_o make_v fulcard_v a_o monk_n of_o st._n omers_n abbot_n of_o thorney_n ibid._n fol._n 853._o henry_n archdeacon_n of_o huntingdon_n who_o live_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n be_v full_a to_o the_o same_o purpose_n anno_fw-la gratiae_n 1066._o perfecit_fw-la dominus_fw-la dominator_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n in_o the_o year_n etc._n etc._n the_o great_a ruler_n of_o kingdom_n bring_v that_o to_o pass_v which_o he_o have_v long_o intend_v against_o the_o english_a for_o he_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o rough_a and_o politic_a nation_n of_o the_o norman_n fol._n 210._o and_o in_o another_o place_n more_o particular_o when_o the_o norman_n have_v execute_v the_o just_a decree_n of_o god_n upon_o the_o english_a and_o there_o be_v not_o any_o person_n of_o quality_n of_o english_a extraction_n remain_v but_o all_o be_v reduce_v to_o servitude_n and_o distress_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v scandalous_a to_o be_v call_v a_o english_a man_n william_n the_o author_n of_o this_o judgement_n die_v in_o the_o twenty_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n ibid._n fol._n 212._o matthew_n paris_n who_o write_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o agree_v with_o the_o forementioned_a testimony_n his_o word_n be_v these_o fol._n 5._o dux_n normannorum_fw-la willielmus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n duke_n william_n have_v fortify_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n and_o garrison_v they_o with_o his_o own_o man_n sail_v into_o normandy_n with_o english_a hostage_n and_o abundance_n of_o treasure_n who_o when_o he_o have_v imprison_v and_o secure_v he_o hasten_v back_o into_o england_n that_o he_o may_v liberal_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o the_o english_a who_o be_v forcible_o disseize_v of_o their_o estate_n among_o his_o norman_a soldier_n who_o have_v help_v he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n to_o subdue_v the_o country_n and_o that_o little_a that_o be_v leave_v he_o put_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o perpetual_a servitude_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o king_n william_n bring_v bishopric_n and_o abbey_n under_o military_a service_n which_o before_o that_o time_n have_v be_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n but_o then_o every_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n be_v enrol_v according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n and_o charge_v how_o many_o knight_n or_o horseman_n they_o shall_v find_v for_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o time_n of_o war_n fol._n 7._o i_o may_v add_v many_o more_o authority_n of_o ancient_a historian_n but_o these_o i_o suppose_v be_v sufficient_a as_o for_o modern_a writer_n i_o shall_v only_o cite_v mr._n cambden_n who_o thus_o deliver_v his_o sense_n of_o this_o matter_n britan._n p._n 109._o victor_n gulielmus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v his_o
vindiciae_fw-la juris_fw-la regii_fw-la or_o remark_n upon_o a_o paper_n entitle_v a_o enquiry_n into_o the_o measure_n of_o submission_n to_o the_o supreme_a authority_n london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n mdclxxxix_o errata_fw-la page_n 11._o line_n 5._o after_o ingulphus_n add_v hist._n croyl_n p._n 15._o l._n 17._o for_o liberty_n read_v liberty_n p._n 21._o l._n 5._o for_o liberty_n r._n liberty_n ibid._n l._n 34._o for_o canquered_a r._n conquer_a p._n 28._o l._n 26._o f._n felo_fw-la r._n felo_n p._n 30._o l._n 3._o f._n distract_v r._n disgu_v p._n 31._o l._n 18._o f._n part_n r._n start_v p._n 32._o l._n 28._o f._n salve_n r._n salvo_n ibid._n l._n ult_n f._n into_o experience_n r._n in_o experience_n p._n 34._o l._n 14_o f._n those_o r._n these_o p._n 36._o l._n 16._o after_o of_o add_v that_o pag._n 37._o l._n 31._o for_o unjustifybale_n r._n unjustifyable_a p._n 40._o l._n 20._o f._n strew_v r._n allow_v p._n 41._o l._n 7._o f._n as_o in_o r._n be_v in_o p._n 42._o l._n 28._o after_o from_o add_v the._n ibid._n l._n 34._o f._n ahainst_a r._n against_o p._n 43._o l._n 13._o f._n purose_n r._n purpose_n ibid._n l._n 21._o f._n character_n r._n charter_n p._n 45._o l._n 4._o f._n as_o its_o r._n it_o be_v as_o p._n 46._o l._n ult_n f._n penalty_n r._n penalty_n p._n 48._o l._n 25._o after_o more_o add_v of_o ibid._n l._n 30._o f._n thâ—_n charge_v r._n their_o charge_n vindiciae_fw-la juris_fw-la regii_fw-la or_o remark_n upon_o a_o paper_n entitle_v a_o enquiry_n into_o the_o measure_n of_o submission_n to_o the_o supreme_a authority_n one_o reason_n why_o i_o do_v not_o answer_v this_o extraordinary_a enquiry_n any_o soon_o be_v because_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o the_o first_o publish_v it_o have_v their_o imagination_n so_o much_o disturb_v with_o lie_n and_o imposture_n that_o till_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o charm_n be_v a_o little_a spend_v there_o be_v no_o deal_n with_o they_o but_o now_o since_o they_o be_v come_v to_o themselves_o and_o the_o eclipse_n of_o their_o understanding_n be_v pretty_a well_o over_o i_o will_v venture_v to_o show_v they_o the_o false_a and_o dangerous_a reason_n of_o this_o paper_n if_o i_o can_v our_o author_n lay_v it_o down_o for_o certain_a that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v put_v no_o difference_n or_o subordination_n among_o man_n except_o it_o be_v that_o of_o child_n to_o parent_n or_o of_o wife_n to_o their_o husband_n so_o that_o with_o relation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o man_n be_v bear_v free._n what_o bear_a free_a and_o in_o subordination_n to_o their_o parent_n too_o that_o be_v somewhat_o hard_a this_o privilege_n according_a to_o his_o own_o reason_v have_v be_v out_o of_o door_n long_o since_o and_o can_v never_o be_v claim_v by_o any_o but_o those_o who_o immediate_o descend_v from_o lucratius_n bladder_n if_o he_o mean_v that_o we_o be_v natural_o subject_a to_o none_o but_o our_o parent_n and_o husband_n this_o i_o believe_v will_v not_o hold_v neither_o for_o it_o seem_v pretty_a plain_a from_o scripture_n that_o the_o young_a child_n be_v all_o bear_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o their_o elder_a brother_n i_o shall_v only_o mention_v two_o text_n in_o proof_n of_o this_o proposition_n the_o first_o be_v gen._n 4._o 7._o where_o god_n give_v cain_n a_o superiority_n over_o his_o young_a brother_n abel_n in_o the_o same_o word_n in_o which_o he_o have_v before_o grant_v it_o to_o adam_n over_o eve._n now_o it_o be_v general_o acknowledge_v that_o adam_n be_v her_o king_n as_o well_o as_o her_o husband_n the_o enquirer_n himself_o own_v thus_o much_o by_o say_v that_o matrimony_n natural_o put_v a_o woman_n into_o a_o state_n of_o subjection_n now_o this_o authority_n which_o be_v give_v to_o cain_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o stand_a privilege_n of_o primogeniture_n for_o the_o better_a government_n of_o family_n for_o cain_n behaviour_n be_v not_o so_o meritorious_a as_o to_o deserve_v a_o extraordinary_a favour_n neither_o have_v abel_n do_v any_o thing_n to_o forfeit_v his_o natural_a liberty_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o privilege_n of_o cain_n thus_o interpret_v destroy_v adam_n patriarchal_a authority_n set_v up_o two_o concurrent_a jurisdiction_n and_o make_v the_o young_a child_n subject_n to_o two_o independent_a prince_n their_o father_n and_o elder_a brother_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o inconvenience_n will_v not_o follow_v provide_v this_o reasonable_a supposition_n be_v but_o allow_v viz._n that_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o prerogative_n of_o birthright_n be_v not_o to_o commence_v immediate_o upon_o the_o grant_n but_o to_o lie_v dormant_n till_o adam_n decease_n as_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o reversion_n of_o power_n the_o other_o text_n be_v gen._n 49._o 3._o where_o reuben_n according_a to_o the_o hebrew_n way_n of_o speak_v be_v call_v the_o excellency_n of_o dignity_n and_o the_o excellency_n of_o power_n that_o be_v he_o be_v to_o have_v be_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o primogeniture_n a_o person_n of_o the_o great_a quality_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o family_n for_o though_o god_n deprive_v he_o of_o this_o honour_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o incest_n yet_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o father_n reproof_n do_v sufficient_o discover_v his_o natural_a right_n and_o therefore_o the_o learned_a grotius_n observe_v upon_o this_o place_n and_o upon_o deut._n 21._o 17._o that_o elder_a brother_n as_o such_o have_v not_o only_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o double_a portion_n of_o inheritance_n but_o be_v likewise_o priest_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o family_n now_o if_o the_o young_a child_n ought_v always_o to_o be_v govern_v either_o by_o their_o father_n their_o elder_a brother_n or_o those_o who_o claim_v under_o he_o then_o certain_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o such_o a_o state_n of_o liberty_n as_o the_o enquirer_n suppose_v but_o this_o patriarchal_a nation_n be_v not_o much_o material_a to_o the_o present_a dispute_n i_o shall_v insist_v no_o far_o upon_o it_o his_o second_o section_n continue_v we_o in_o our_o original_a liberty_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v design_v to_o inform_v independent_a governor_n of_o the_o right_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n allow_v they_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o how_o far_o they_o may_v proceed_v for_o reparation_n of_o injury_n his_o assertion_n be_v that_o the_o duty_n of_o self-preservation_n exert_v itself_o in_o instance_n of_o two_o sort_n either_o in_o resist_v violent_a aggressor_n or_o in_o take_v just_a revenge_n of_o those_o who_o have_v invade_v we_o so_o secret_o that_o we_o can_v not_o prevent_v they_o and_o so_o violent_o that_o we_o can_v not_o resist_v they_o in_o which_o case_n self-preservation_n warrant_v we_o both_o to_o recover_v what_o be_v our_o own_o with_o just_a damage_n and_o also_o to_o put_v such_o unjust_a person_n out_o of_o a_o capacity_n of_o do_v the_o like_a injury_n any_o more_o either_o to_o ourselves_o or_o other_o but_o here_o we_o may_v observe_v first_o that_o the_o case_n be_v very_o general_o and_o consequent_o obsoure_o state_v for_o we_o be_v not_o at_o all_o enlighten_v about_o the_o measure_n of_o those_o just_a revenge_n and_o damage_n but_o this_o point_n be_v prudent_o leave_v to_o the_o ignorance_n ambition_n and_o ill-nature_n of_o every_o man_n to_o interpret_v as_o he_o please_v and_o lest_o we_o shall_v not_o revenge_v ourselves_o deep_a enough_o the_o enquirer_n give_v we_o this_o encouragement_n that_o self-preservation_n warrant_v we_o to_o put_v such_o unjust_a person_n out_o of_o a_o capacity_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v if_o we_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n we_o ought_v to_o kill_v dismember_v or_o lay_v every_o man_n in_o chain_n who_o have_v do_v we_o any_o injury_n great_a or_o small_a for_o our_o author_n make_v no_o exception_n for_o mercy_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o disable_v he_o without_o proceed_v to_o this_o rigour_n for_o as_o long_o as_o he_o have_v life_n limb_n or_o liberty_n he_o may_v do_v the_o world_n a_o mischief_n with_o they_o if_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o but_o second_o i_o do_v not_o understand_v what_o advantage_n the_o enquirer_n can_v make_v of_o this_o terrible_a denunciation_n against_o aggressor_n and_o invader_n i_o much_o question_n whether_o he_o have_v fortify_v his_o own_o security_n by_o this_o way_n of_o reason_v but_o possible_o this_o battery_n be_v raise_v against_o the_o french_a king_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o he_o have_v seem_v to_o wish_v some_o year_n since_o that_o the_o grand_a lovis_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o humble_a figure_n indeed_o that_o monarch_n if_o he_o be_v not_o misrepresent_v be_v considerable_o to_o blame_v for_o send_v a_o army_n against_o the_o empire_n without_o give_v notice_n of_o it_o first_o or_o demand_v satisfaction_n
victory_n the_o more_o remarkable_a abrogate_a the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o english_a law_n bring_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o normandy_n and_o order_v the_o plead_n to_o be_v in_o french_a and_o out_v the_o english_a of_o their_o ancient_a inheritance_n assign_v their_o land_n and_o manor_n to_o his_o soldier_n yet_o so_o as_o he_o reserve_v the_o paramount_n lordship_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o homage_n that_o be_v that_o they_o all_o shall_v hold_v their_o estate_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v independent_a proprietor_n but_o rather_o a_o sort_n of_o limit_a trustee_n and_o occupant_n in_o tenancy_n from_o these_o citation_n we_o have_v all_o imaginable_a mark_n of_o a_o entire_a conquest_n the_o law_n and_o tenor_n and_o in_o some_o measure_n the_o language_n of_o the_o country_n be_v change_v the_o saxon_n be_v transplant_v into_o normandy_n and_o disposs_v of_o their_o estate_n as_o appear_v not_o only_o from_o the_o forementioned_a historian_n but_o from_o doomse-day_n book_n where_o we_o find_v that_o almost_o all_o the_o great_a proprietor_n be_v norman_n now_o this_o survey_n be_v make_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n many_o year_n after_o his_o take_v the_o oath_n which_o be_v by_o some_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o as_o appear_v from_o ingulphus_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o william_n the_o first_o grant_v king_n edward_n law_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o most_o of_o king_n edward_n law_n be_v only_o penal_a and_o respect_a criminal_n as_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o ingulph_n hist._n croyland_n in_o fine_a second_o these_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v not_o grant_v by_o the_o conqueror_n without_o his_o own_o amendment_n and_o refining_n upon_o they_o as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o matthew_n paris_n fol._n 55._o lagam_fw-la regis_fw-la edvardi_fw-la vobis_fw-la reddo_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n emendationibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la pater_fw-la eam_fw-la emendavit_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la i._n e._n i_o grant_v you_o king_n edward_n edward_n s_z law_n with_o those_o amendment_n which_o my_o father_n make_v in_o they_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o baron_n and_o that_o these_o last_o word_n may_v not_o be_v think_v to_o weaken_v the_o testimony_n it_o be_v not_o improper_a to_o observe_v that_o these_o alteration_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o advise_v not_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o yet_o these_o baron_n be_v norman_n too_o as_o be_v sufficient_o plain_a from_o what_o have_v be_v discourse_v already_o but_o to_o conclude_v the_o proof_n of_o this_o argument_n several_a of_o our_o parliament_n acknowledge_v william_n the_o first_o a_o conqueror_n the_o act_n all_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v very_o tedious_a to_o name_n run_v thus_o in_o the_o preamble_n edward_n v._o g._n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n the_o four_o after_o the_o conquest_n etc._n etc._n now_o this_o be_v a_o plain_a concession_n that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v intend_v to_o hint_n as_o much_o and_o therefore_o unless_o the_o norman_a conquest_n have_v be_v evident_a and_o unquestionable_a the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o be_v always_o very_o tender_a of_o their_o liberty_n will_v never_o have_v consent_v that_o the_o statute_n shall_v have_v be_v pen_v in_o such_o a_o submissive_a style_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o conqueror_n take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o observe_v 1._o that_o we_o have_v see_v already_o in_o some_o measure_n what_o sort_n of_o law_n these_o be_v and_o how_o they_o be_v manage_v by_o he_o second_o neither_o pictaviensis_n eadmerus_n ordericus_n vitalis_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n or_o matth._n paris_n write_v of_o any_o oath_n take_v by_o the_o conqueror_n florence_n of_o worcester_n be_v the_o first_o that_o mention_n it_o flor._n wigorn._n fol._n 635._o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v these_o se_fw-la velle_fw-la sanctas_fw-la dei_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la ac_fw-la rectores_fw-la earum_fw-la defendere_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o cunctum_fw-la populum_fw-la sibi_fw-la subjectum_fw-la justa_fw-la &_o regali_fw-la providentia_fw-la regere_fw-la rectam_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicere_fw-la i._n e._n that_o he_o will_v protect_v holy_a church_n and_o the_o hierarchy_n that_o he_o will_v govern_v all_o his_o subject_n fair_o and_o take_v a_o royal_a care_n of_o their_o welfare_n that_o he_o will_v make_v equitable_a law_n and_o observe_v they_o and_o whole_o prohibit_v rapine_n and_o pervert_v of_o justice._n from_o this_o i_o observe_v two_o thing_n first_o that_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v all_o of_o it_o lodge_v in_o the_o conqueror_n why_o else_o do_v he_o swear_v to_o make_v equitable_a law_n for_o if_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v settle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o parliament_n can_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o other_o second_o the_o oath_n be_v couch_v in_o very_o general_a term_n and_o admit_v of_o a_o great_a latitude_n of_o exposition_n so_o that_o the_o conqueror_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n leave_v at_o his_o liberty_n to_o interpret_v the_o obligation_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a three_o this_o oath_n be_v voluntary_o take_v by_o the_o king_n some_o year_n after_o he_o have_v force_v the_o whole_a nation_n to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o we_o be_v therefore_o if_o it_o be_v only_o for_o this_o reason_n to_o interpret_v the_o oath_n to_o his_o advantage_n and_o to_o suppose_v that_o he_o will_v not_o swear_v himself_o out_o of_o his_o conquest_n and_o reign_v at_o the_o discretion_n of_o those_o he_o have_v so_o entire_o subdue_v so_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o unk_v he_o either_o upon_o a_o real_a or_o pretend_a breach_n of_o his_o oath_n four_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o crown_n immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o their_o predecessor_n and_o therefore_o king_n john_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o henry_n the_o five_o have_v allegiance_n swear_v to_o they_o before_o their_o coronation_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o as_o swear_v do_v not_o make_v they_o king_n so_o neither_o can_v perjury_n though_o true_o object_v un-make_a they_o again_o which_o will_v appear_v more_o evident_o if_o we_o consider_v five_o that_o perjury_n in_o itself_o do_v not_o imply_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o any_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n indeed_o the_o dread_a of_o it_o tie_v up_o a_o man_n conscience_n fast_o and_o if_o he_o prove_v guilty_a make_v he_o liable_a to_o a_o severe_a vengeance_n from_o god_n almighty_a than_o simple_a unfaithfulness_n upon_o which_o account_n a_o oath_n be_v count_v a_o considerable_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o a_o promise_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o their_o subject_n prince_n usual_o swear_v to_o observe_v those_o state_v measure_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v either_o fix_v by_o themselves_o or_o their_o predecessor_n and_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o fail_v in_o the_o performance_n though_o they_o forfeit_v their_o honour_n and_o the_o divine_a protection_n yet_o there_o accrue_v no_o right_a from_o thence_o to_o the_o people_n to_o re-enter_v upon_o their_o fancy_a original_a liberty_n for_o the_o duty_n of_o those_o under_o authority_n except_o where_o it_o be_v express_o conditional_a be_v not_o cancel_v and_o discharge_v by_o the_o mis-behaviour_n of_o their_o superior_n for_o example_n suppose_v a_o father_n swear_v to_o remit_v some_o part_n of_o his_o authority_n in_o the_o family_n and_o that_o he_o will_v govern_v only_o by_o such_o a_o prescribe_a rule_n his_o forget_v his_o oath_n afterward_o do_v not_o void_a or_o lessen_v his_o power_n nor_o excuse_v the_o child_n in_o their_o disobedience_n and_o to_o make_v the_o instance_n more_o direct_a if_o possible_a the_o king_n of_o persia_n be_v sovereign_a monarch_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o plutarch_n call_v they_o and_o be_v worship_v as_o the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o can_v never_o be_v set_v aside_o but_o by_o death_n yet_o these_o prince_n take_v a_o oath_n at_o their_o inauguration_n as_o grotius_n observe_v from_o xenophon_n and_o diodorus_n siculus_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o alter_v certain_a law_n as_o appear_v from_o daniel_n and_o josephus_n the_o king_n of_o egypt_n likewise_o as_o grotius_n relate_v from_o diodorus_n sic._n have_v a_o full_a and_o unaccountable_a authority_n they_o do_v as_o he_o speak_v summo_fw-la imperio_fw-la uti_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o observance_n of_o a_o great_a many_o thing_n which_o if_o they_o neglect_v to_o perform_v they_o can_v not_o be_v
first_o now_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o their_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n complain_v that_o his_o majesty_n subject_n have_v be_v charge_v with_o aid_n loan_n and_o benevolence_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o imprison_v confine_v and_o sundry_a way_n molest_v for_o non_fw-la payment_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v be_v detain_v in_o prison_n without_o certify_v the_o cause_n contrary_a to_o law._n that_o they_o have_v be_v compel_v to_o quarter_n soldier_n and_o mariner_n contrary_a to_o law._n that_o notwithstanding_o several_a statute_n to_o the_o contrary_a divers_a commission_n have_v be_v issue_v out_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o try_v soldier_n and_o mariner_n by_o martial_a law_n quarto_fw-la car._n 1._o rushworth_n coll._n to_o this_o i_o may_v add_v the_o levy_v ship_n money_n coat_n and_o conduct_v money_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o be_o not_o willing_a to_o enlarge_v upon_o so_o unacceptable_a a_o subject_n non_fw-la to_o discover_v the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o father_n any_o further_a than_o justice_n and_o duty_n to_o the_o son_n oblige_v i_o i_o say_v the_o misfortune_n which_o we_o see_v the_o best_a prince_n through_o misinformation_n or_o improper_a advice_n may_v sometime_o fall_v into_o however_o i_o must_v crave_v leave_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o these_o be_v other_o manner_n of_o grievance_n than_o the_o dispence_n with_o penal_a law_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o evidence_n and_o consequence_n of_o they_o and_o yet_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o war_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o subject_n upon_o this_o score_n be_v by_o our_o law_n declare_v a_o horrid_a and_o notorious_a rebellion_n this_o i_o mention_v not_o to_o justify_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o minister_n but_o to_o show_v that_o under_o these_o circumstance_n a_o mistake_n in_o his_o majesty_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v lament_v than_o expose_v and_o magnify_v at_o such_o a_o enflame_v hyperbolical_a rate_n and_o to_o this_o modesty_n of_o behaviour_n we_o be_v now_o more_o especial_o oblige_v since_o his_o majesty_n have_v promise_v to_o redress_v past_a error_n convent_n which_o be_v a_o plain_a argument_n that_o some_o of_o his_o former_a measure_n be_v unacceptable_a to_o himself_o as_o well_o as_o to_o his_o subject_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o pursue_v they_o for_o the_o future_a four_o our_o author_n proceed_v to_o argue_v that_o the_o law_n mention_v the_o king_n or_o those_o commissionated_a by_o he_o show_v plain_o that_o it_o design_v only_o to_o secure_v he_o in_o the_o executive_a power_n for_o the_o word_n commission_n necessary_o import_v this_o since_o if_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o law_n it_o be_v no_o commission_n from_o whence_o i_o suppose_v he_o infer_v that_o those_o who_o have_v it_o may_v be_v resist_v now_o that_o this_o inference_n be_v wide_a of_o the_o mark_n appear_v first_o because_o when_o this_o law_n be_v make_v the_o king_n be_v not_o restrain_v from_o commissionate_v any_o person_n whatever_o in_o the_o field_n and_o therefore_o the_o legislator_n can_v have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o their_o view_n as_o the_o enquirer_n suppose_v second_o the_o test_n act_n which_o be_v make_v several_a year_n after_o the_o former_a though_o it_o bar_v the_o king_n from_o grant_v military_a command_n to_o those_o who_o refuse_v to_o give_v the_o prescribe_a satisfaction_n that_o they_o be_v no_o papist_n yet_o this_o statute_n only_o declare_v their_o commission_n void_a and_o subject_n they_o to_o some_o other_o penalty_n but_o it_o do_v by_o no_o mean_n authorize_v the_o people_n to_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o suppress_v they_o and_o therefore_o by_o undeniable_a consequence_n it_o leave_v the_o other_o law_n of_o nonresistance_n in_o full_a force_n three_o this_o law_n which_o declare_v it_o unlawful_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o those_o who_o be_v commissionated_a by_o the_o king_n be_v design_v as_o may_v reasonable_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o time_n to_o combat_v that_o pernicious_a distinction_n between_o the_o king_n person_n and_o his_o authority_n which_o have_v be_v always_o too_o prevalent_a though_o in_o reality_n it_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o king_n authority_n which_o make_v his_o person_n sacred_a and_o therefore_o the_o same_o inviolable_a privilege_n ought_v to_o extend_v to_o all_o those_o who_o act_n under_o he_o yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o it_o have_v often_o happen_v that_o those_o who_o pretend_v a_o great_a reverence_n for_o his_o person_n make_v no_o scruple_n to_o seize_v his_o fort_n sight_n his_o army_n and_o destroy_v those_o who_o adhere_v to_o he_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o take_v he_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o evil_a counsellor_n which_o have_v be_v the_o most_o usual_a and_o plausible_a colour_n of_o subvert_v the_o government_n this_o act_n therefore_o which_o be_v make_v soon_o after_o the_o restauration_n we_o may_v fair_o conclude_v be_v particular_o level_v against_o this_o dangerous_a maxim_n which_o have_v so_o fatal_a a_o influence_n upon_o the_o late_a distraction_n four_o and_o last_o the_o enquirer_n urge_v that_o the_o king_n import_v a_o prince_n clothe_v by_o law_n with_o the_o regal_a prerogative_n but_o if_o he_o go_v about_o to_o subvert_v the_o whole_a foundation_n of_o the_o government_n he_o subvert_v that_o by_o which_o he_o have_v his_o power_n and_o by_o consequence_n he_o annul_v his_o own_o power_n etc._n etc._n first_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o bear_v endeavour_v to_o do_v a_o action_n though_o the_o sign_n of_o execute_v may_v be_v pretty_a broad_a be_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o construction_n of_o humane_a law_n e._n g._n draw_v a_o sword_n upon_o a_o man_n be_v not_o murder_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v often_o impossible_a to_o be_v know_v for_o when_o we_o imagine_v a_o man_n be_v go_v to_o do_v one_o thing_n he_o may_v be_v go_v to_o do_v another_o for_o aught_o we_o can_v tell_v to_o the_o contrary_a or_o at_o least_o he_o may_v intend_v to_o stop_v far_o short_a of_o the_o injury_n we_o be_v afraid_a of_o and_o suppose_v we_o have_v a_o authority_n to_o punish_v he_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o conjecture_n and_o mere_a presumption_n shall_v make_v he_o forfeit_v a_o right_n which_o be_v ground_v upon_o clear_a and_o unquestionable_a law._n but_o second_o if_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o present_a case_n our_o author_n mean_v that_o the_o government_n be_v actual_o subvert_v as_o he_o seem_v plain_o to_o affirm_v pag._n 7._o then_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n authority_n be_v destroy_v and_o so_o be_v the_o property_n of_o the_o subject_a too_o for_o if_o the_o government_n be_v dissolve_v no_o man_n have_v any_o right_n to_o title_n or_o estate_n because_o the_o law_n upon_o which_o their_o right_n be_v found_v be_v no_o long_o in_o be_v but_o if_o the_o government_n be_v so_o lucky_a as_o not_o to_o be_v dissolve_v than_o the_o king_n authority_n remain_v entire_a by_o his_o own_o argument_n because_o it_o be_v support_v by_o the_o same_o constitution_n which_o secure_v the_o property_n of_o the_o subject_a in_o his_o sixteen_o paragraph_n we_o have_v a_o mighty_a stress_n lay_v upon_o the_o difference_n between_o male_a administration_n and_o strike_v at_o fundamental_o as_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o resist_v the_o prince_n in_o the_o latter_a case_n though_o not_o in_o the_o former_a but_o if_o this_o distinction_n have_v be_v own_a by_o our_o constitution_n we_o may_v be_v assure_v we_o shall_v have_v have_v a_o plain_a list_n of_o fundamental_o set_v down_o in_o the_o body_n of_o our_o law_n particular_o we_o have_v all_o imaginable_a reason_n to_o believe_v that_o these_o fundamental_o will_v have_v be_v mention_v and_o save_v by_o express_a clause_n and_o prouiso_n in_o those_o statute_n which_o forbid_v resistance_n for_o without_o such_o a_o direction_n it_o will_v be_v impossible_a for_o the_o subject_a to_o know_v how_o far_o his_o submission_n be_v to_o extend_v and_o when_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o make_v use_n of_o force_n such_o a_o unregulate_v liberty_n will_v put_v it_o into_o the_o power_n of_o all_o popular_a and_o aspire_v male_a content_n to_o corrupt_v the_o loyalty_n of_o the_o unwary_a multitude_n as_o often_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a to_o cry_v out_o breach_n of_o fundamental_o and_o at_o this_o rate_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o foresee_v what_o a_o totter_a and_o unsettled_a condition_n the_o state_n must_v be_v in_o and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o old_a maxim_n for_o which_o there_o be_v never_o more_o occasion_n ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la distinguit_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la distinguendum_fw-la i_o have_v now_o go_v through_o his_o principle_n and_o i_o think_v sufficient_o show_v the_o weakness_n and_o danger_n of_o they_o and_o if_o so_o his_o catalogue_n of_o grievance_n signify_v nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n though_o there_o be_v much_o more_o aggravation_n and_o truth_n in_o they_o than_o there_o be_v but_o time_n have_v now_o expound_v the_o great_a mystery_n and_o make_v it_o evident_a to_o most_o man_n understanding_n that_o our_o author_n party_n have_v fail_v remarkable_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o well_o as_o in_o point_n of_o right_n for_o they_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v to_o make_v good_a the_o main_a and_o most_o invidious_a part_n of_o the_o charge_n against_o his_o majesty_n though_o to_o omit_v justice_n honour_n and_o interest_n have_v so_o loud_o call_v upon_o they_o to_o do_v it_o their_o giving_z no_o proof_n after_o such_o importunity_n of_o their_o own_o affair_n be_v a_o demonstration_n they_o never_o have_v any_o for_o how_o defective_a soever_o they_o may_v be_v in_o other_o respect_n we_o must_v be_v so_o just_a as_o to_o allow_v they_o common_a sense_n the_o end_n end_n letter_n to_o the_o convent_n