consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n for_o in_o his_o charter_n whereby_o he_o divide_v the_o court-christian_a from_o the_o temporal_a he_o say_v thus_o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la episcopales_fw-la leges_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n &_o consilio_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la principum_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la emendandas_fw-la judicavi_fw-la and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o same_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la whereby_o he_o make_v the_o law_n he_o speak_v of_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o the_o great_a establishment_n aforesaid_a william_n rufus_n in_o an._n 1094._o call_n 26._o episcopos_fw-la abbates_n cunctosque_fw-la regni_fw-la principes_fw-la to_o a_o council_n at_o rochingheham_n 5._o id._n mar._n henry_n 1._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la concilio_n gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la say_v matthew_n paris_n posuit_fw-la dunelmensem_fw-la episcopum_fw-la in_o vinculis_fw-la where_o gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la may_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o a_o parliament_n as_o we_o use_v at_o this_o day_n if_o the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n have_v bear_v it_o but_o eadmere_n speak_v of_o a_o great_a counsel_n hold_v a_o little_a after_o at_o lambeth_n call_v it_o concilium_fw-la magnatum_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la exclude_v plain_o the_o commons_o and_o to_o that_o effect_n be_v also_o all_o the_o other_o council_n of_o his_o time_n but_o our_o late_a chronicler_n follow_v 188._o polydore_n as_o it_o seem_v for_o they_o cite_v no_o author_n do_v affirm_v that_o henry_n i._o in_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n hold_v the_o first_o parliament_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o have_v take_v some_o pain_n to_o examine_v but_o can_v find_v nothing_o to_o make_v it_o good_a 117._o eadmerus_n who_o flourish_v at_o that_o very_a time_n write_v particular_o of_o this_o council_n or_o assembly_n say_v xiii_o kal._n aprilis_n factus_fw-la est_fw-la conventus_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la serberiam_fw-la cogente_fw-la eos_fw-la illuc_fw-la sanctione_n regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n and_o among_o other_o cause_n handle_v there_o he_o show_v this_o to_o be_v the_o principal_a viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o go_v into_o normandy_n and_o not_o know_v how_o god_n may_v dispose_v of_o he_o he_o desire_v that_o the_o succession_n may_v be_v confirm_v on_o his_o son_n william_n whereupon_o say_v eadmer_n omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la homines_fw-la ipsius_fw-la willielmi_n fide_fw-la &_o sacramento_n confirmati_fw-la florentius_n wigorniensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o die_v about_o two_o year_n after_o 1116._o report_v it_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n conventio_fw-la optimatum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la apud_fw-la sealesbiriam_n 14._o cal._n apr._n facta_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la in_fw-la praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la homagium_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la gulielmo_n fecerunt_fw-la &_o fidelitatem_fw-la ei_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la here_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o in_o likelihood_n they_o shall_v not_o have_v pretermit_v if_o they_o have_v be_v there_o assemble_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n of_o those_o time_n nor_o do_v any_o succeed_a walsingh_n author_n that_o i_o can_v find_v once_o touch_v upon_o it_o i_o conceive_v there_o may_v a_o mistake_n grow_v by_o polydore_n or_o some_o other_o for_o that_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o if_o not_o all_o be_v at_o this_o time_n general_o swear_v to_o prince_n william_n as_o well_o as_o the_o baron_n be_v and_o as_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1127._o to_o maud_n his_o daughter_n prince_n william_n be_v then_o dead_a but_o i_o no_o where_o find_v in_o all_o the_o council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v call_v they_o of_o this_o time_n any_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o great_a person_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n the_o first_o alteration_n that_o i_o meet_v with_o be_v in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o hen._n ii_o where_o benedict_n abbas_n say_v circa_n festum_fw-la s._n pauli_n venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la northampton_n &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la here_o militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la extend_v beyond_o the_o baron_n and_o agree_v with_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n as_o after_z shall_v appear_v yet_o hoveden_n speak_v of_o this_o council_n do_v not_o mention_v they_o but_o only_o term_v it_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la but_o there_o happen_v about_o this_o 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the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o baron_n do_v they_o can_v not_o be_v patronise_v under_o they_o and_o doubtless_o they_o be_v not_o many_o at_o this_o time_n though_o much_o increase_v since_o the_o make_n of_o domesdei_n book_n where_o those_o few_o that_o be_v then_o be_v mention_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o word_n hominum_fw-la here_o do_v signify_v those_o that_o serve_v for_o burrough-town_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n for_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o tenant_n not_o of_o servant_n to_o grope_v no_o further_o in_o this_o darkness_n the_o first_o certain_a light_n that_o i_o discover_v for_o the_o form_n of_o our_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n be_v that_o which_o rise_v forty_o year_n after_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n the_o word_n whereof_o i_o will_v recite_v at_o large_a as_o they_o stand_v not_o only_o in_o matthew_n paris_n but_o also_o in_o the_o red-book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n with_o some_o little_a difference_n happen_v in_o the_o write_n et_fw-la civitas_n londinensis_fw-la habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la aquas_fw-la praetereà _fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portubus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o maritandâ—â—_n tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la &_o de_fw-la scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la summoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la et_fw-la praetereà _fw-la faciemus_fw-la summoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_a &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alius_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scil_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la 40._o dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la causam_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la summonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuerint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la summoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la here_o be_v lay_v forth_o the_o member_n the_o matter_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o summon_v of_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o record_n of_o state_n call_v a_o parliament_n the_o member_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o the_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o call_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lesser_a baron_n which_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o manor_n second_o those_o here_o before_o mention_v by_o bened._n abbas_n to_o be_v call_v to_o clarenden_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o take_v to_o be_v now_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o three_o those_o of_o city_n burrough_n and_o
town_n call_v burgess_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v to_o appear_v personal_o or_o by_o particular_a proxy_n for_o the_o word_n as_o touch_v they_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la but_o as_o touch_v the_o other_o it_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la generaliter_fw-la etc._n etc._n not_o that_o all_o shall_v come_v confuse_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v send_v their_o advocate_n which_o common_o be_v but_o two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o these_o the_o french_a in_o their_o parliament_n call_v 27._o ambasiatores_fw-la and_o syndicos_fw-la in_o the_o first_o rank_n the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n have_v their_o place_n in_o this_o council_n for_o that_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o a_o barony_n and_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n with_o they_o of_o the_o second_o rank_n so_o likewise_o for_o that_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o ordain_v in_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n as_o a_o barony_n and_o shall_v be_v suitor_n and_o sit_v in_o the_o king_n court_n in_o judgement_n as_o other_o baron_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o member_n or_o matter_n of_o death_n but_o this_o council_n of_o clarendon_n do_v rather_o affirm_v than_o give_v they_o their_o privilege_n for_o the_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v in_o all_o age_n the_o prime_a part_n of_o these_o great_a council_n in_o the_o three_o rank_n the_o burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n have_v their_o place_n not_o so_o much_o in_o respect_n of_o tenure_n for_o they_o be_v not_o conceive_v to_o be_v owner_n of_o land_n but_o for_o that_o in_o tax_n and_o tallage_n touch_v their_o good_n and_o matter_n of_o trade_n they_o may_v have_v some_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o here_o then_o arise_v a_o question_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o every_o poor_a burrow_n of_o england_n how_o little_a soever_o it_o be_v two_o except_v have_v two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o in_o this_o great_a council_n when_o the_o great_a county_n have_v no_o more_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o of_o the_o county_n who_o we_o call_v knight_n serve_v not_o in_o ancient_a time_n for_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o the_o county_n as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o do_v but_o be_v only_o choose_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o they_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v not_o barones_n majores_fw-la baron_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o all_o freeholder_n beside_o they_o have_v their_o lord_n paramount_n which_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o and_o these_o only_o have_v no_o body_n for_o that_o themselves_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n therefore_o king_n john_n by_o his_o charter_n do_v agree_v to_o summon_v they_o only_o and_o no_o other_o freeholder_n howbeit_o those_o other_o freeholder_n because_o they_o can_v not_o always_o be_v certain_o distinguish_v from_o they_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o increase_v daily_o grow_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o have_v voice_n in_o election_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o at_o last_o to_o be_v confirm_v therein_o by_o the_o stat._n 7._o henr._n iu._n and_o 8._o henr._n vi_o but_o to_o come_v to_o our_o question_n why_o there_o be_v but_o two_o knight_n for_o a_o county_n it_o may_v well_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o that_o in_o those_o time_n of_o old_a there_o be_v very_o few_o beside_o the_o baron_n that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o that_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o that_o two_o therefore_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o these_o few_o as_o well_o as_o two_o for_o the_o great_a burrough_n or_o city_n of_o england_n except_o london_n and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o of_o the_o four_o which_o serve_v for_o london_n two_o of_o they_o be_v for_o it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o city_n and_o two_o other_o as_o it_o be_v a_o county_n though_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o when_o two_o come_v first_o to_o be_v choose_v or_o appoint_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o burrow_n or_o county_n i_o can_v find_v it_o seem_v by_o those_o synod_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o by_o some_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o great_a number_n of_o the_o common_a people_n flow_v thither_o epist_n for_o it_o be_v say_v in_o an._n 1021._o cum_fw-la quamplurimis_fw-la gregariis_fw-la militibus_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la copiosa_fw-la and_o an._n 1126._o innumeraque_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la and_o so_o likewise_o in_o an._n 1138._o and_o other_o synod_n and_o council_n by_o what_o order_n or_o limitation_n this_o innumera_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudo_fw-la come_v to_o these_o assembly_n it_o appear_v not_o 10._o bartol_n that_o famous_a civilian_n and_o 15._o hottoman_a according_a with_o he_o thus_o expound_v it_o in_o other_o place_n nota_fw-la quod_fw-la praesides_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la coadunant_fw-la universale_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la provinciae_fw-la quod_fw-la intellige_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n debent_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la ire_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la deputantur_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la qui_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentant_fw-la and_o l._n johan_n de_fw-fr platea_n likewise_o say_v vbi_fw-la super_fw-la aliquo_fw-la providendum_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la utilitate_fw-la totius_fw-la provinciae_fw-la debet_fw-la congregari_fw-la generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la seu_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n vadant_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la civitate_fw-la aliqui_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la vel_fw-la syndici_fw-la qui_fw-la totam_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentent_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n seu_fw-la parlamento_n petitur_fw-la proponi_fw-la sanum_fw-la ac_fw-la utile_fw-la consilium_fw-la but_o our_o burgess_n as_o it_o seem_v in_o time_n of_o old_a be_v not_o call_v to_o consult_v of_o state_n matter_n be_v unproper_a to_o their_o education_n otherwise_o than_o in_o matter_n of_o aid_n and_o subsidy_n for_o king_n john_n grant_v no_o more_o unto_o they_o than_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidâ—ndis_fw-la if_o his_o charter_n be_v so_o point_v that_o this_o clause_n belong_v to_o that_o of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v to_o they_o which_o be_v very_o doubtful_a and_o seem_v rather_o to_o belong_v to_o that_o which_o follow_v otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o word_n at_o all_o for_o call_v they_o unto_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v term_v they_o of_o that_o time_n and_o yet_o further_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o whole_a branch_n of_o his_o charter_n touch_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o summon_n a_o great_a council_n be_v not_o comprise_v in_o the_o article_n between_o he_o and_o his_o baron_n whereupon_o the_o charter_n be_v ground_v but_o gain_v from_o he_o as_o it_o seem_v afterward_o and_o that_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n iii_o confirm_v after_o by_o edward_n i._o in_o such_o manner_n as_o now_o we_o have_v it_o the_o charter_n of_o these_o article_n i_o have_v see_v under_o his_o own_o seal_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n john_n i_o find_v many_o of_o these_o great_a council_n hold_v and_o to_o be_v often_o name_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n colloquia_fw-la after_o the_o french_a word_n parliament_n but_o no_o mention_n in_o any_o of_o they_o of_o burgess_n save_v that_o in_o an._n dom._n 1225._o regis_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o christmas_n at_o westminster_n praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v hugh_n de_fw-fr burgo_n the_o king_n justice_n propound_v to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n &_o aliis_fw-la universis_fw-la the_o loss_n the_o king_n have_v receive_v in_o france_n require_v of_o they_o one_o xv_o the_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1229._o the_o king_n summon_v to_o westminster_n archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la templarios_fw-la hospitalarios_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n ecclesiarum_fw-la rectores_fw-la &_o qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr se_fw-la tenebant_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la about_o the_o grant_v a_o ten_o to_o the_o pope_n wherein_o those_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v call_v as_o in_o henr._n ii_o to_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n and_o as_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n purport_v but_o no_o mention_n be_v here_o make_v of_o burgess_n the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1684._o from_o a_o very_a uncorrect_a and_o imperfect_a copy_n now_o publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la chap._n 32._o
surrey_n 23._o king_n edgar_n charter_n of_o donation_n of_o certain_a thaneland_n 19_o another_o charter_n grant_v by_o he_o to_o the_o monastery_n of_o hide_n near_o winchester_n 20._o by_o who_o advice_n his_o law_n be_v make_v 61._o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a how_o he_o propose_v his_o law_n 61._o the_o first_o that_o prohibit_v law_n business_n on_o festival_n 77._o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n charter_n of_o donation_n to_o thola_n 20._o several_a privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o cinque-port_n 26._o his_o law_n by_o who_o collect_v 61._o his_o constitution_n touch_v festival_n 79._o edward_z earl_n of_o norfolk_z and_o marshal_z of_o england_n 168._o die_v in_o his_o minority_n ibid._n edwin_n son_n of_o othulf_n give_v certain_a land_n to_o archbishop_n odo_n 29._o elfere_fw-la a_o saxon_a bequeath_v snodland_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n andrews_n 128._o publish_a his_o will_n before_o odo_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n 130._o elfstane_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n 130._o elfsy_n priest_n of_o croyden_n 130._o ellingham_n 161._o elmham_n 150._o erpingham_n 151._o erpingham_n tho._n commissioner_n for_o execute_v the_o office_n of_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n 169._o escheat_n the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n 37._o no_o feodal_a escheat_n among_o the_o saxon_n 37_o 38._o escuage_z what_o in_o the_o empire_n 36._o neither_o its_o name_n nor_o rule_n use_v by_o the_o saxon_n 37._o essoyn_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o not_o in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n 27._o king_n ethelbald_n charter_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o croyland_n 22._o ethelbert_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o the_o saxon_n 8._o he_o cause_v his_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o writing_n ibid._n he_o take_v somewhat_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n 102_o etheldreda_n daughter_n of_o k._n alfred_n her_o dowry_n 8._o king_n etheldred_n ordain_v every_o eight_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o find_v a_o man_n for_o the_o naval_a expedition_n 17._o his_o charter_n of_o donation_n to_o aethelwold_n 19_o another_o charter_n grant_v by_o he_o to_o his_o thane_n sealwyne_n ibid._n king_n ethelstane_n who_o he_o consult_v in_o make_v his_o law_n 61._o king_n ethelwulf_v charter_n of_o privilege_n 23._o he_o divide_v his_o land_n by_o will_n among_o his_o three_o son_n 128._o euricus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o goth_n 102._o exauctoratio_fw-la militis_fw-la 185._o expeditio_fw-la what_o it_o signify_v in_o latin_n 17._o f_o fakenham_n 150._o fasti_fw-la or_o law_n day_n among_o the_o roman_n why_o so_o nam_fw-la d._n 72._o seldom_o two_o fasti_fw-la together_o 75._o fasti_fw-la proprie_fw-la ibid._n fasti_fw-la intercisi_fw-la ibid._n fasti_fw-la comitiales_n ibid._n all_o the_o fasti_fw-la not_o apply_v to_o judicature_n ibid._n fealty_n the_o definition_n of_o it_o 35._o no_o fealty_n but_o for_o a_o fee._n 36._o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n ibid._n felbrig_n 152._o felewell_n 161._o feodal_n word_n none_o among_o the_o saxon_n 7_o 8_o 9_o feorme_v what_o it_o signify_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 15_o ferdwite_n 37._o festa_fw-la majora_fw-la vel_fw-la principalia_fw-la 91._o festival_n how_o exempt_v from_o law_n day_n 76._o the_o difference_n of_o they_o 91._o the_o festival_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o paul_n 92._o of_o st._n george_n 93._o of_o gunpowder_n treason_n ibid._n a_o feud_n what_o it_o be_v 1._o it_o be_v general_a and_o particular_a definition_n 2._o feud_n among_o the_o jew_n ibid._n among_o the_o gaul_n 3_o their_o original_n 4._o make_a perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a 5._o when_o and_o how_o they_o become_v so_o ibid._n especial_o in_o england_n ibid._n the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o benefice_n 6_o 9_o the_o great_a growth_n of_o they_o ibid._n no_o proper_a feud_n before_o the_o conquest_n ibid._n feudal-law_n general_o receive_v in_o every_o kingdom_n 5._o it_o be_v youth_n infancy_n and_o full_a age_n 9_o where_o it_o have_v its_o original_n ibid._n feudatarii_fw-la 9_o feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la &_o nobile_fw-la 4._o rusticum_n &_o ignobile_fw-la ibid._n feuda_n majora_fw-la &_o regalia_z ibid._n the_o word_n feudum_n or_o feodum_fw-la not_o use_v in_o k._n beorredus_n day_n 9_o fideles_fw-la who_o 4._o fidelity_n what_o 59_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n 33._o the_o thaneland_n free_a from_o they_o ibid._n not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n 34._o fitz-alan_n jo._n lord_n maltravers_n marshal_n of_o england_n 168._o fitz-osborn_n will._n lord_n marshal_n to_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n 165._o flegg_n 154._o flitcham_n 145._o flitchamburrough_n 52_o 145._o folcland_n what_o 12._o not_o alienate_v without_o licence_n 33_o 34._o free_a from_o homage_n 35._o ford-park_n 110._o forest_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o 118._o subject_n can_v have_v they_o only_o in_o custody_n ibid._n fouldage_n 162._o franc-almoin_a 2_o 7._o frank-tenement_n 12._o freeborgs_n or_o tithing_n 51._o frekenham_n 153._o g_o garbulsham_n 158._o gavelkind_n what_o and_o why_o so_o call_v 12._o observe_v throughout_o all_o kent_n 43._o at_o first_o the_o general_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n ibid._n german_n their_o custom_n and_o tenor_n carry_v into_o several_a country_n 5._o they_o receive_v the_o roman_a law_n 127._o gey-wood_n 143._o gilbert_n the_o three_o son_n of_o william_n the_o king_n marshal_n 166._o make_a marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n kill_v in_o a_o tournament_n ibid._n gimmingham_n 152._o goth_n carry_v the_o german_a law_n into_o spain_n greece_n etc._n etc._n 5._o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o put_v their_o law_n in_o writing_n 102._o trust_v priest_n with_o the_o pass_n of_o will_n 130_o government_n the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n 49._o etc._n etc._n 53._o grand-day_n in_o france_n and_o england_n 92._o grand_fw-fr serjeanty_n 2._o grantesmale_a hugh_n marshal_v under_o k._n william_n i._n 165._o greek_n from_o who_o they_o have_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a rite_n 74_o 127._o gresham_n 152._o gressenhall_n 150._o grey_n rad._n de_o exauctoratur_fw-la 185._o guthrun_n the_o dane_n 61_o 77._o h_o hales_n 156._o harkela_n andr._n de_o exauctoratur_fw-la 185._o harleston_n ibid._n hartlebury-park_n 110._o hawkins_n pet_n keeper_n of_o bramsil-park_n wound_v by_o archbishop_n abbot_n 109_o etc._n etc._n hengham_n 157._o king_n henry_n i._o imprison_v the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n 62._o his_o constitution_n about_o festival_n and_o law-day_n 81._o king_n henry_n ii_o ratify_v the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confess_v and_o will._n the_o conqueror_n 81._o henry_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n convene_v k._n stephen_n to_o his_o synod_n 132._o heribannum_fw-la what_o 17._o heriot_n pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o great_a men._n 31_o 32_o to_o who_o forgive_v 32._o the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o relief_n 32_o 33._o by_o who_o and_o when_o first_o ordain_v 32._o what_o the_o word_n heriot_n signify_v ibid._n heriot_n and_o relief_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n 33._o no_o badge_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n ibid._n heydon_n 151._o high_a court_n see_v court_n of_o justice_n hikifricus_n pugil_n quidam_fw-la norfolciensis_fw-la 138._o hilary-term_n its_o ancient_a bound_n 82_o 83._o the_o end_n of_o it_o sometime_o hold_v in_o septuagesima_fw-la 95._o hockwold_n 161._o holkham_n 149._o holland_n tho_n marshal_v of_o england_n 168._o holland_n tho._n earl_n of_o kent_z duke_n of_o norfolk_n 169._o make_a earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n holland_n tho._n farle_z marshal_z of_o england_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o john_n mowbray_n 165._o holme_n in_o norfolk_n 147_o 152_o homage_n by_o who_o first_o institute_v 5._o feodal_n homage_n 34._o of_o two_o sort_n ibid._n when_o begin_v in_o france_n and_o england_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o it_o 34_o 35._o who_o be_v to_o do_v it_o 35._o usual_a in_o soccage-tenure_n 35._o as_o well_o a_o personal_a as_o a_o praedial_a duty_n ibid._n homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la 35._o hominium_fw-la &_o homagium_fw-la what_o 34._o homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la ibid._n feodale_n aut_fw-la praediale_fw-la ibid._n hoveden_n roger_n when_o he_o write_v 31._o howard_n sir_n john_n kt._n create_a duke_n of_o norfolk_n and_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n 17â—_n slay_a in_o bosworth-field_n ibid._n howard_n tho._n the_o son_n of_o the_o former_a earl_n of_o surrey_n 170._o imprison_v in_o the_o tower_n ibid._n defeat_v the_o scotch_a under_o k._n henry_n vii_o ibid._n make_a lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n and_o restore_v to_o his_o father_n dignity_n ibid._n kill_v james_n iu._n k._n of_o scotland_n in_o battle_n ib._n send_v ambassador_n into_o france_n ibid._n make_a viceroy_n of_o england_n ibid._n where_o he_o die_v ibid._n howard_n tho._n the_o four_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n of_o that_o name_n and_o earl_n marshal_z of_o england_n 1â—1_n howard_n tho._n the_o grandson_n of_o the_o former_a earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o surrey_n ibid._n the_o first_o earl_n of_o england_n ibid._n make_a earl_n marshal_n for_o life_n ibid._n hugh_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n exercise_v the_o sheriff_n place_n 116._o excommunicate_v ibid._n de_fw-fr humâ—z_fw-fr
103._o camden_n in_o bark-shire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n p._n 154._o that_o wardship_n be_v then_o in_o use_n and_o not_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o camden_n in_o his_o britt_n 178._o nor_o by_o hen._n iii_o as_o randolph_n higden_n in_o his_o polichronicon_n and_o other_o not_o understand_v he_o will_v persuade_v vid._n selden'_v note_n on_o fortescue_n 51._o among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o cinque-port_n we_o meet_v with_o this_o that_o their_o heir_n shall_v shall_v not_o be_v in_o ward_n lambards_n perambulat_fw-la of_o kent_n 101._o and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n which_o be_v in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o tottel_n edition_n and_o in_o lambards_n perambulation_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n for_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o gavelkind_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o those_o custom_n say_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n &_o en_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o england_n and_o scotland_n see_v also_o hect._n boet._n lib._n 11._o buchanan_n rerum_fw-la scot._n lib._n 6._o and_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n ii_o which_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o scotland_n and_o therefore_o in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o in_o those_o time_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n do_v not_o much_o differ_v as_o for_o the_o time_n after_o it_o appear_v they_o do_v not_o by_o compare_v their_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la and_o our_o glanvil_n neither_o be_v the_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o those_o law_n vid._n spelman_n glossar_n verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la upon_o this_o among_o other_o reason_n they_o do_v conclude_v that_o upon_o consideration_n of_o the_o authority_n give_v and_o grant_v thereupon_o make_v the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v aliud_fw-la so._n a_o separate_a and_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o grant_v the_o land_n but_o rather_o include_v within_o it_o and_o that_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n though_o it_o be_v not_o ipsa_fw-la concessio_fw-la the_o grant_v itself_o yet_o it_o be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o authority_n be_v not_o pursue_v in_o that_o the_o whole_a grant_n be_v void_a these_o be_v their_o argument_n for_o tenor_n among_o the_o saxon_n as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o case_n itself_o draw_v up_o and_o print_v by_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n deputie_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n have_v several_o consider_v both_o the_o truth_n and_o force_n of_o they_o not_o strict_o confine_v himself_o to_o their_o reason_n and_o reflection_n but_o take_v occasion_n from_o thence_o to_o write_v a_o very_a elaborate_a treatise_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o original_a of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n the_o two_o discourse_n of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n and_o of_o parliament_n be_v both_o of_o they_o publish_v from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o mr._n charles_n spelman_n of_o congham_n in_o norfolk_n son_n of_o sir_n john_n spelman_n and_o grandson_n to_o sir_n henry_n that_o concern_v the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n be_v publish_v in_o the_o year_n 1684._o from_o a_o very_a uncorrect_a and_o imperfect_a copy_n which_o probable_o have_v be_v take_v when_o the_o author_n first_o write_v the_o discourse_n the_o original_a manuscript_n with_o very_a many_o addition_n and_o correction_n that_o sir_n henry_n afterward_o make_v in_o it_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n from_o whence_o the_o work_n be_v now_o print_v entire_a the_o apology_n for_o archbishop_n abbot_n by_o a_o unknown_a author_n and_o the_o answer_n to_o it_o by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o mr._n henry_n spelman_n son_n to_o mr._n clement_n spelman_n who_o be_v sir_n henry_n young_a son_n both_o write_v with_o our_o author_n be_v own_o hand_n to_o this_o answer_n he_o refer_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n under_o the_o title_n muta_fw-la canum_fw-la the_o letter_n relate_v to_o the_o same_o subject_n be_v in_o a_o collection_n of_o original_a paper_n and_o record_n deliver_v to_o mr._n wharton_n by_o archbishop_n sancroft_n and_o now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o mr._n châ—â—wel_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o original_a of_o testament_n and_o will_n and_o his_o icenia_n or_o the_o description_n of_o norfolk_n be_v both_o publish_v from_o the_o author_n be_v own_o copy_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o be_v not_o so_o complete_a as_o he_o have_v intend_v to_o make_v it_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o earl_n marshal_v of_o england_n and_o the_o dissertation_n de_fw-fr milite_fw-la be_v evident_o design_v for_o a_o part_n of_o his_o glossary_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o composition_n and_o from_o several_a passage_n in_o they_o but_o when_o the_o paper_n be_v deliver_v to_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n for_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o that_o work_n these_o two_o it_o seem_v have_v be_v mislay_v the_o account_n of_o the_o earl_n marshal_n be_v i_o fear_v imperfect_a in_o some_o place_n but_o will_v however_o be_v of_o good_a use_n towards_o a_o more_o accurate_a catalogue_n of_o they_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sharnburn_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n that_o be_v exceed_o value_v by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n as_o appear_v both_o from_o his_o 188._o recommendation_n and_o from_o the_o use_n that_o he_o have_v make_v of_o it_o in_o some_o part_n of_o his_o work_n have_v meet_v with_o a_o copy_n in_o mr._n ashmole_n museum_fw-la at_o oxford_n i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o publish_v it_o among_o his_o remain_n the_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o 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christian_a king_n cause_v his_o own_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 605._o as_o other_o western_a nation_n in_o a_o age_n or_o two_o before_o have_v do_v and_o as_o bede_n say_v 5._o write_v they_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o first_o charter_n if_o i_o shall_v so_o call_v it_o or_o write_v touch_v land_n and_o privilege_n be_v as_o a_o ms._n of_o canterbury_n report_v make_v by_o withredus_n king_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o year_n 694._o and_o as_o that_o charter_n itself_o witness_v be_v appoint_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o church_n of_o our_o saviour_n at_o canterbury_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o posterity_n to_o imitate_v and_o though_o it_o appear_v not_o there_o in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v write_v yet_o i_o presume_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o with_o their_o law_n which_o be_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n for_o there_o be_v two_o copy_n of_o it_o extant_a in_o latin_a so_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o thereby_o they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v translation_n for_o proof_n thereof_o the_o one_o of_o they_o use_v the_o word_n charta_fw-la and_o chartula_fw-la which_o ingulfus_n affirm_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o hither_o by_o the_o norman_n that_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o withred_n the_o other_o latin_a copy_n term_v it_o scriptum_n not_o chartam_fw-la and_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o use_v neither_o of_o those_o word_n but_o call_v such_o write_n in_o latin_a chirographos_n not_o chartas_n as_o ingulfus_n there_o also_o testify_v so_o that_o it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o the_o prototype_n or_o first_o pattern_n of_o charter_n which_o the_o saxon_n imitate_v be_v not_o in_o latin_a but_o in_o saxon._n tonguâ—_n second_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v and_o very_o strong_o that_o though_o this_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n remain_v to_o we_o by_o a_o latin_a copy_n yet_o the_o original_n itself_o like_o a_o thousand_o other_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n nor_o can_v it_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v otherwise_o for_o at_o the_o very_a time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v viz._n in_o anno_fw-la 868._o learning_n be_v so_o general_o subvert_v throughout_o england_n by_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n that_o king_n alfred_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v within_o four_o year_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o say_v 378._o paucissimi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la cis_fw-la humbrum_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la preces_fw-la svas_fw-la commune_v sermone_fw-la anglico_fw-la intelligere_fw-la potuerant_fw-la vel_fw-la scriptum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la è_fw-la latino_n transfer_v tam_fw-la sane_fw-la pauci_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la unum_fw-la quidem_fw-la recordari_fw-la possum_fw-la ex_fw-la australi_fw-la parte_fw-la thamesis_n tum_fw-la cum_fw-la ego_fw-la regnare_fw-la occaeperam_fw-la but_o as_o their_o original_a charter_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n so_o in_o the_o leiger-book_n in_o which_o they_o be_v preserve_v to_o we_o they_o be_v often_o set_v down_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o then_o because_o the_o book_n themselves_o be_v in_o latin_a they_o be_v there_o translate_v also_o into_o latin_a and_o often_o time_n set_v down_o in_o the_o latin_a only_o without_o the_o saxon_a as_o in_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey-abby_n which_o have_v no_o charter_n in_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o author_n of_o it_o say_v libri_fw-la that_o himself_o have_v there_o translate_v they_o all_o into_o latin_a after_o that_o that_o abbey_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n stephen_n have_v recover_v her_o liberty_n yet_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o latin_a charter_n may_v be_v often_o use_v by_o their_o latter_a clergyman_n when_o learning_n which_o in_o beorred_n time_n be_v utter_o subvert_v begin_v at_o last_o to_o recover_v life_n again_o day_n three_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n day_n viz._n anno_fw-la 868._o for_o proof_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o infancy_n youth_n and_o full_a age_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n for_o according_a to_o these_o several_a time_n the_o feodal_n land_n have_v their_o several_a denomination_n first_o they_o be_v call_v munera_fw-la then_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a marculfus_n who_o collect_v the_o formulas_fw-la or_o precedent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o of_o charter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o which_o be_v under_o clodovaeus_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 660._o make_v mention_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o munera_fw-la and_o in_o his_o second_o of_o beneficia_fw-la but_o no_o where_o of_o feuda_n and_o he_o who_o a_o hundred_o year_n or_o more_o after_o he_o collect_v the_o formula_n incerti_fw-la autoris_fw-la speak_v divers_a time_n 21._o of_o beneficium_fw-la but_o never_o name_v feudum_n for_o that_o this_o term_n come_v not_o into_o use_n till_o afterward_o when_o these_o beneficia_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n beneficium_fw-la regis_fw-la say_v 470._o bignonius_n postea_fw-la feudum_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v 550._o beneficii_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la praedia_fw-la dicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la feuda_fw-la posteritas_fw-la dixit_fw-la initio_fw-la namque_fw-la vita_fw-la accipientis_fw-la finiebantur_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v call_v beneficia_fw-la when_o they_o be_v grant_v only_o for_o life_n of_o the_o grantee_n but_o be_v call_v feuda_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o not_o before_o cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v 7._o of_o feudatarii_fw-la which_o word_n come_v into_o use_n with_o feudum_n for_o relative_n mutuo_fw-la se_fw-la ponunt_fw-la &_o auferunt_fw-la say_v that_o when_o actores_fw-la custodesque_fw-la proediorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la temporarii_fw-la perpetui_fw-la esse_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o those_o who_o have_v the_o use_n and_o order_n of_o our_o land_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n begin_v to_o enjoy_v they_o in_o perpetuity_n and_o yet_o retain_v their_o latin_a name_n of_o homines_fw-la our_o man_n they_o grow_v then_o also_o to_o be_v call_v after_o new_a and_o foreign_a name_n vassalli_n leude_n and_o feudatarii_fw-la by_o the_o prince_n and_o great_a nobleman_n who_o choose_v rather_o to_o grant_v they_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n in_o consideration_n that_o they_o shall_v do_v they_o military_a service_n and_o he_o say_v that_o these_o name_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o german_a prince_n where_o and_o particular_o in_o milan_n as_o merula_n report_v the_o feodal_n law_n and_o custom_n have_v have_v their_o original_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v propagate_v throughout_o europe_n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la and_o feudatarii_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n till_o that_o the_o word_n munera_fw-la be_v grow_v obsolete_a nor_o afterward_o till_o beneficia_fw-la leave_v to_o be_v temporary_a or_o but_o for_o life_n become_v to_o be_v perpetual_a possession_n which_o as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o the_o word_n feudum_n can_v not_o be_v in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n time_n who_o live_v two_o hundred_o year_n before_o beneficia_fw-la four_o though_o the_o word_n feudum_n be_v in_o the_o original_a charter_n of_o beorredus_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o our_o feud_n be_v then_o in_o use_n for_o call_v they_o beneficia_fw-la or_o call_v they_o feuda_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v then_o hereditary_a or_o perpetual_a but_o either_o temporary_a or_o for_o life_n only_o which_o at_o length_n beget_v the_o difference_n between_o feuda_n and_o beneficia_fw-la for_o beneficia_fw-la in_o a_o restrain_a sense_n begin_v to_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o which_o sense_n it_o rest_v at_o this_o day_n in_o our_o clergy-men_n live_n call_v benefice_n and_o the_o word_n feuda_n grow_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o beneficia_fw-la or_o benefice_n as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o digress_v i_o suppose_v it_o now_o appear_v sufficient_o how_o some_o feodal_n word_n be_v creep_v into_o charter_n and_o write_n of_o saxon_a date_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o word_n before_o mention_v tenura_n tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la tenere_fw-la or_o tenendum_fw-la in_o a_o feodal_a sense_n or_o feodum_fw-la itself_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o much_o less_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la tenure_n by_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o frankalmoign_a though_o the_o like_a service_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o saxon_a lordship_n by_o their_o thanes_z and_o theoden_n their_o socman_n or_o husbandman_n and_o their_o beadsman_n or_o clergyman_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n for_o the_o land_n receive_v from_o they_o as_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o norman_a lordship_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n for_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o the_o neapolitan_a and_o sicilian_a constitution_n which_o
text_n of_o custom_n and_o to_o clear_v the_o doubt_n in_o the_o elder_a edition_n 148._o publish_v by_o tottill_o 12._o june_n 1556._o no_o such_o thing_n be_v mention_v but_o if_o it_o be_v there_o be_v such_o other_o difference_n in_o their_o copy_n as_o both_o their_o authority_n may_v be_v question_v and_o i_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n well_o deliver_v from_o this_o objection_n let_v we_o see_v what_o follow_v scotland_n four_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o england_n and_o scotland_n see_v also_o say_v the_o report_n 38._o hector_n boet._n lib._n 2._o buchanan_n rerum_fw-la scot._n lib._n 6._o and_o the_o law_n of_o malcome_n ii_o which_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o scotland_n and_o in_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n 38._o for_o in_o those_o time_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n do_v not_o much_o differ_v as_o for_o the_o time_n after_o it_o appear_v they_o do_v not_o by_o compare_v their_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la with_o our_o glanvil_n neither_o be_v the_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o those_o law_n vid._n spelman_n glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la upon_o all_o this_o say_v the_o report_n they_o the_o justice_n of_o ireland_n do_v conclude_v and_o proceed_v to_o sentence_n with_o the_o sentence_n as_o a_o sacred_a thing_n i_o will_v not_o meddle_v but_o as_o touch_v that_o part_n of_o this_o argument_n which_o in_o nostros_fw-la fabricata_fw-la est_fw-la machina_fw-la muros_fw-la i_o be_o tie_v either_o to_o answer_v or_o to_o submit_v for_o hector_n boethius_n therefore_o i_o confess_v boethius_n the_o place_n to_o be_v true_o allege_v and_o that_o hitherto_o have_v seldom_o happen_v but_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o that_o author_n i_o wish_v leland_n be_v alive_a to_o deliver_v the_o censure_n he_o have_v leave_v upon_o he_o with_o his_o own_o mouth_n i_o forbear_v it_o true_a it_o be_v he_o relate_v that_o malcolm_n ii_o give_v all_o his_o land_n well_o nigh_o unto_o his_o nobility_n in_o reward_n of_o their_o service_n and_o that_o they_o in_o thankfulness_n to_o support_v his_o dignity_n regranted_a unto_o he_o vardam_n desponsationem_fw-la &_o releviam_fw-la al._n relevatam_fw-la wardship_n and_o marriage_n of_o their_o heir_n within_o age_n and_o relief_n of_o those_o of_o full_a age_n the_o paragraph_n there_o be_v long_o but_o to_o the_o effect_n we_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o buchanan_n do_v report_v the_o like_a and_o since_o he_o cameraris_fw-la and_o a_o little_a before_o they_o all_o johannes_n major_n but_o all_o their_o harp_v be_v from_o the_o sound_n of_o one_o string_n which_o in_o the_o report_n be_v not_o leave_v unstrained_a i._n e._n the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o ad_fw-la montem_fw-la placiti_fw-la in_o villa_n de_fw-fr scona_n omnes_fw-la barones_n concesserunt_fw-la sibi_fw-la wardam_n &_o releviam_fw-la de_fw-la haerede_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la baronis_fw-la defuncti_fw-la ad_fw-la sustentationem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o because_o they_o concern_v a_o noble_a kingdom_n and_o have_v be_v receive_v as_o authentical_a by_o a_o ancient_a parliament_n i_o will_v not_o presume_v to_o contradict_v it_o but_o i_o humble_o offer_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o learned_a of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o to_o those_o of_o we_o and_o they_o that_o be_v conversant_a in_o antiquity_n these_o particular_n follow_v 〈…〉_z first_o it_o be_v agree_v which_o the_o scot_n affirm_v that_o malcolm_n ii_o begin_n his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1004._o i._n e._n above_o 60._o year_n before_o the_o norman_n conquer_a england_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o malcolm_n use_v so_o many_o norman_a word_n in_o his_o scottish_a law_n and_o whether_o those_o word_n be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o monument_n there_o before_o for_o in_o england_n it_o be_v not_o so_o second_o whether_o their_o king_n then_o have_v not_o only_o a_o seal_n but_o magnum_fw-la sigillum_fw-la in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o set-fee_n appoint_v for_o the_o use_n of_o it_o for_o in_o england_n it_o be_v not_o so_o though_o edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v a_o seal_n after_o malcolm_n time_n three_o whether_o they_o have_v brevia_fw-la clausa_fw-la in_o cera_fw-la and_o other_o ordinary_a instrument_n seal_v cum_fw-la magno_fw-la sigillo_fw-la and_o fee_n appoint_v for_o it_o for_o in_o england_n it_o be_v not_o so_o four_o whether_o they_o have_v solemn_a presentation_n to_o church_n and_o hospital_n under_o seal_n in_o that_o manner_n for_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n five_o whether_o they_o have_v then_o the_o name_n of_o baron_n seneschallus_fw-la constabularius_fw-la mareschallus_n not_o in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o confessor_n as_o appear_v for_o the_o two_o latter_a by_o the_o appendix_n to_o the_o confessor_n law_n a._n and_o for_o their_o seneschallus_fw-la call_v their_o steward_n buchanan_n b._n say_v he_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o malcolm_n iii_o into_o scotland_n six_o whether_o the_o norman_a officer_n of_o justiciarius_n vicecome_fw-la coronator_n ballivus_n etc._n etc._n be_v then_o in_o use_n by_o any_o other_o proof_n than_o by_o or_o from_o these_o law_n &_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la caeteris_fw-la many_o other_o thing_n i_o pretermit_v and_o take_v no_o exception_n to_o the_o frequent_a mention_n of_o pound_n and_o shilling_n though_o i_o know_v they_o be_v scarce_o with_o they_o in_o scotland_n as_o not_o abundant_a then_o in_o england_n but_o pay_v in_o truck_n and_o cattle_n law_n but_o i_o admit_v that_o which_o the_o report_n say_v that_o in_o those_o time_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n do_v not_o much_o differ_v as_o for_o the_o time_n after_o it_o appear_v they_o do_v not_o by_o compare_v their_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la with_o our_o glanvil_n they_o run_v much_o i_o confess_v paribus_fw-la vestigiis_fw-la and_o oftentimes_o totidem_fw-la verbis_fw-la iisdem_fw-la paragraphis_fw-la whether_o of_o they_o lead_v or_o follow_v the_o other_o i_o dare_v not_o define_v and_o be_o loath_a to_o dispute_v the_o preface_n to_o the_o regius_fw-la majestas_fw-la show_v it_o to_o be_v write_v at_o the_o command_n of_o king_n david_n who_o skeneus_fw-la in_o his_o annotation_n call_v the_o first_o and_o say_v he_o begin_v to_o reign_v anno_fw-la 1124._o i._n e._n 24._o or_o 25._o of_o hen._n i._n and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o our_o glanvil_n be_v not_o write_v till_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n ii_o who_o begin_v not_o to_o reign_v till_o 1154._o so_o that_o if_o this_o be_v true_a it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o we_o take_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o model_n of_o our_o law_n or_o at_o least_o the_o expression_n of_o they_o from_o the_o scot_n which_o our_o ancestor_n never_o yet_o acknowledge_v it_o may_v perhaps_o fall_v out_o upon_o better_a examination_n that_o david_n i._o may_v be_v mistake_v for_o david_n ii_o but_o for_o the_o part_n of_o malcolm_n ii_n law_n which_o speak_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n in_o scotland_n at_o that_o time_n to_o have_v rise_v from_o their_o own_o nobility_n buchanan_n himself_o recede_v from_o that_o opinion_n and_o conclude_v hunâ—_n morem_fw-la ab_fw-la anglis_fw-la &_o danis_n potius_fw-la acceptum_fw-la credo_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o tota_fw-la anglia_fw-it &_o parte_fw-la normanniae_fw-la adhuc_fw-la perseveret_fw-la and_o demster_n himself_o their_o great_a antiquary_n ingenious_o consess_v that_o there_o be_v no_o baron_n in_o scotland_n till_o malcolm_n iii_o create_v they_o and_o he_o may_v well_o take_v his_o precedent_n from_o the_o conqueror_n for_o he_o live_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o about_o seven_o year_n after_o so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o baron_n in_o scotland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o malcolm_n ii_o as_o demster_n affirm_v or_o the_o precedent_n take_v out_o of_o england_n for_o wardship_n as_o buchanan_n believe_v then_o can_v not_o this_o law_n be_v make_v in_o malcolm_n ii's_fw-la time_n but_o seem_v rather_o by_o both_o their_o opinion_n to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o malcolm_n iii_o and_o that_o the_o error_n have_v rise_v as_o easy_o it_o may_v in_o write_v ii_o for_o iii_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n all_o this_o make_v no_o proof_n against_o i_o chap._n xv._n no_o marriage_n of_o ward_n ward_n as_o for_o marriage_n it_o be_v here_o and_o in_o some_o other_o place_n mention_v by_o the_o report_n but_o not_o a_o word_n any_o where_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n i_o will_v help_v they_o with_o what_o i_o meet_v in_o the_o old_a ms._n book_n of_o ramsey_n sect._n 120._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o one_o edwine_n son_n of_o othulf_n give_v five_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o archbishop_n odo_n pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la regem_fw-la edredum_fw-la inflexerat_fw-la ut_fw-la ei_fw-la liceret_fw-la
and_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o common_a law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o unwritten_a law_n they_o be_v original_o a_o grecian_a colony_n come_v out_o of_o lacedaemon_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o sparta_n where_o lycurgus_n be_v sometime_o king_n and_o author_n of_o their_o law_n among_o other_o of_o his_o decree_n he_o name_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ordain_v this_o for_o one_o that_o their_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v write_v because_o he_o will_v have_v every_o man_n to_o fix_v they_o in_o his_o memory_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v they_o short_a and_o summary_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o maxim_n this_o course_n the_o saxon_n and_o by_o their_o example_n the_o other_o german_a nation_n hold_v for_o many_o age_n the_o first_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o alter_v it_o be_v the_o goth_n who_o in_o the_o aera_fw-la 504._o i._n e._n the_o year_n of_o christ_n 466._o under_o euricus_fw-la their_o king_n set_v their_o law_n in_o writing_n legum_n instituta_fw-la scriptis_fw-la habere_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la it_o ....._o the_o burgundian_n and_o salique_n a_o little_a before_o but_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o and_o the_o angli_fw-la werini_n and_o frisii_n be_v not_o note_v to_o have_v write_v law_n till_o the_o time_n of_o herald_n the_o dane_n about_o the_o year_n 994._o so_o that_o our_o saxon_n here_o in_o britain_n begin_v to_o write_v some_o of_o their_o law_n before_o their_o brethren_n of_o germany_n for_o though_o they_o reduce_v not_o the_o general_a manner_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n whereby_o they_o live_v and_o be_v govern_v into_o a_o write_a volume_n but_o leave_v they_o still_o as_o lycurgus_n his_o rhetras_n to_o common_a memory_n and_o tradition_n yet_o many_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n after_o they_o have_v receive_v christianity_n put_v their_o own_o constitution_n into_o writing_n so_o do_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o they_o aethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n about_o the_o year_n 680._o if_o his_o law_n whereof_o i_o have_v a_o ms._n copy_n be_v in_o his_o own_o day_n put_v in_o writing_n so_o do_v inas_fw-la king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n what_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v remain_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v by_o a_o model_n of_o they_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o hoel_n dha_n that_o be_v hoel_n the_o good_a nothing_o consonant_a to_o these_o of_o we_o at_o this_o day_n or_o those_o of_o the_o saxon_n in_o time_n past_a but_o we_o find_v by_o the_o red_a book_n in_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n i._n do_v so_o concur_v in_o many_o thing_n with_o they_o of_o the_o other_o nation_n we_o speak_v of_o that_o sometime_o he_o not_o only_o cit_v the_o salic_a law_n and_o the_o ribuarian_a or_o belgic_a law_n by_o name_n but_o deduce_v much_o of_o the_o text_n verbatim_o from_o they_o and_o we_o find_v also_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o word_n of_o art_n name_n of_o office_n officer_n and_o minister_n in_o our_o law_n common_a in_o old_a time_n to_o the_o german_n french_a salique_n longobard_n and_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o to_o our_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n but_o not_o one_o to_o my_o knowledge_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o british_a tongue_n nor_o do_v we_o retain_v any_o law_n rite_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n which_o we_o receive_v not_o from_o the_o saxon_n or_o german_n as_o use_v also_o by_o they_o of_o old_a before_o they_o come_v into_o britain_n for_o these_o few_o greek_a word_n that_o be_v find_v in_o our_o law_n chirographer_n and_o protonotary_n whereby_o some_o argue_v the_o antiquity_n of_o our_o law_n to_o be_v from_o the_o druid_n who_o caesar_n and_o pliny_n report_v to_o have_v use_v the_o greek_a tongue_n it_o be_v doubtless_o that_o they_o be_v come_v to_o we_o from_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n and_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o mongrel_n half_a greek_a and_o half_a latin_a can_v not_o descend_v from_o the_o druid_n who_o have_v neither_o knowledge_n nor_o use_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n they_o therefore_o that_o fetch_v our_o law_n from_o brutus_n mulmutius_n the_o druid_n or_o any_o other_o brutish_a or_o british_a inhabitant_n here_o of_o old_a affirm_v that_o in_o all_o the_o time_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n viz._n britain_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o of_o their_o king_n this_o realm_n be_v still_o rule_v with_o the_o self_n same_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v now_o viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n vi_o govern_v withal_o do_v like_o they_o that_o make_v the_o arcadian_n to_o be_v elder_a than_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o god_n terminus_n to_o be_v so_o fix_v on_o the_o capitoline-hill_n as_o neither_o mattock_n nor_o spade_n nor_o all_o the_o power_n of_o man_n nor_o of_o the_o other_o god_n can_v remove_v he_o from_o the_o place_n he_o stand_v in_o and_o thus_o i_o end_v appendix_n pat._n 11._o hen._n iii_o m._n 13._o rex_fw-la universis_fw-la patentes_fw-la literas_fw-la inspecturis_fw-la salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la pater_fw-la s._n cant._n episcopus_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la &_o fratrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la gratiam_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la de_fw-la precept_n nostro_fw-la itiner_n ab_fw-la instanti_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vigiliam_fw-la sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la apostoli_fw-la &_o a_o principio_fw-la quadragesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la dominicam_fw-la qua_fw-la cantatur_fw-la isti_fw-la sunt_fw-la dies_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la subscriptis_fw-la viz._n in_o assizis_n ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la de_fw-la morte_fw-la antecessor_n novae_fw-la diss_fw-la de_fw-fr magna_fw-la assiza_n &_o de_fw-fr inquisitionibus_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la emergerint_fw-la coram_fw-la eisdem_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la consensu_fw-la pertinent_a ita_fw-la quod_fw-la haec_fw-la concessio_fw-la hoc_fw-la anno_fw-la tantum_fw-la durabit_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la supradictam_fw-la nos_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la quas_fw-la eidem_fw-la domino_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la protestati_fw-la sumus_fw-la quod_fw-la concessio_fw-la illa_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la facta_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la supradictam_fw-la non_fw-la trahetur_fw-la in_o consequentiam_fw-la post_fw-la eundem_fw-la diem_fw-la cum_fw-la igitur_fw-la supplicaverimus_fw-la ven._n patri_fw-la iu_o archiepiscopo_fw-la eboracensi_fw-la de_fw-la consimili_fw-la gratia_fw-la nobis_fw-la concedenda_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la provinciam_fw-la svam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la nos_fw-la per_fw-la have_v literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la protestamur_fw-la quod_fw-la dictus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la ebor._fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la proviciam_fw-la svam_fw-la id_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la sicut_fw-la praedictum_fw-la est_fw-la nobis_fw-la duxerit_fw-la concedendum_fw-la concessio_fw-la ista_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la facta_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la non_fw-la trahetur_fw-la in_o consequentiam_fw-la post_fw-la diem_fw-la eundem_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la eidem_fw-la domino_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la ebor._fw-la dedi_fw-la have_v literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la sigillo_fw-la nostro_fw-la signatas_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonast_n 11._o nou._n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la undecimo_fw-la claus_n 11._o h._n iii_o m._n 26._o rex_fw-la dilectis_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la stephano_n de_fw-fr segrave_n &_o roberto_n de_fw-fr lexinton_n &_o sociis_fw-la suis_fw-la justice_n itinerantibus_fw-la in_o com._n warw._n leic._n glouc._n &_o wigorn._n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la pater_fw-la s._n cant._n archiep._n auctoritate_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la concessi_fw-la quod_fw-la juramenta_fw-la praestentur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la itinerant_n ab_fw-la instanti_fw-la adventu_fw-la corum_fw-la usque_fw-la vigiliam_fw-la sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la apostoli_fw-la &_o à _fw-la principio_fw-la quadragesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la qua_fw-la cantatur_fw-la isti_fw-la sunt_fw-la dies_fw-la viz._n in_o ass_n ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la de_fw-la morte_fw-la antecessor_n de_fw-fr magna_fw-la ass_n &_o de_fw-fr inquisitionibus_fw-la quae_fw-la emergerint_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la sicut_fw-la plenius_fw-la nobis_fw-la constitit_fw-la ex_fw-la inspectione_n literarum_fw-la domini_fw-la cant._n quas_fw-la inde_fw-la vobis_fw-la mittimus_fw-la rogamus_fw-la ut_fw-la v._o p._n w._n ebor._fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la quatenus_fw-la concedens_fw-la juramenta_fw-la in_o consimilibus_fw-la causis_fw-la praestari_fw-la infra_fw-la provinciam_fw-la svam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la praesat_fw-la terminum_fw-la literas_fw-la svas_fw-la patentes_fw-la consimiles_fw-la literas_fw-la domini_fw-la cant._n inde_fw-la habere_fw-la faciat_fw-la ut_fw-la autem_fw-la liberius_fw-la &_o facilius_fw-la hoc_fw-la volet_fw-la facere_fw-la misimus_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la quales_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la domino_fw-la cant._n protestants_n quoth_v post_n terminum_fw-la praefatum_fw-la concessio_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la nobis_fw-la facta_fw-la non_fw-la poterit_fw-la trahi_fw-la in_o obseruantiam_fw-la vobis_fw-la
the_o canon_n lead_v he_o no_o further_o be_v only_a de_fw-fr clerico_n de_fw-fr transgressione_n forestae_fw-la aut_fw-la parci_fw-la alicujus_fw-la diffamato_fw-la and_o make_v to_o no_o other_o intent_n than_o to_o aggravate_v the_o censure_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n which_o before_o be_v not_o sharp_a enough_o against_o offender_n in_o that_o kind_n but_o johannes_n de_fw-fr athon_n as_o great_a a_o canonist_n and_o somewhat_o elder_a who_o linwood_n often_o cit_v and_o rely_v upon_o as_o one_o well_o understand_v the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n and_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v apparent_o condemn_v it_o in_o the_o place_n by_o i_o recite_v yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v note_v that_o neither_o athon_n nor_o linwood_n intend_v to_o gloss_n upon_o all_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n but_o athon_n only_o upon_o those_o of_o otho_n and_o othobon_n and_o linwood_n begin_v where_o athon_n leave_v upon_o those_o of_o stephen_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o his_o successor_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o great_a number_n of_o canon_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n which_o neither_o of_o these_o canonist_n have_v either_o meddle_v with_o or_o so_o much_o as_o touch_v as_o also_o there_o be_v many_o statute_n in_o force_n which_o be_v no_o where_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o the_o abridgement_n but_o jo._n de_fw-fr burgo_n another_o english_a canonist_n and_o chancellor_n of_o cambridge_n who_o write_v in_o richard_n the_o second_v time_n take_v notice_n of_o this_o canon_n and_o that_o hunting_n be_v thereby_o forbid_v to_o our_o clergyman_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o pupilla_fw-la oculi_fw-la part_n 7._o ca._n 10._o m_o clericâ—râ—m_o to_o go_v on_o the_o apology_n say_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v former_o more_o than_o twenty_o park_n and_o chase_n to_o use_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o by_o charter_n have_v free-warren_n in_o all_o his_o land_n habutsse_o lugubre_fw-la it_o seem_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o latter_a time_n the_o more_o pâ—ty_n dissent_v from_o the_o former_a yet_o do_v not_o the_o former_a approve_v that_o bishop_n shall_v use_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o as_o the_o law_n and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n permit_v for_o as_o they_o have_v many_o park_n and_o warren_n so_o have_v they_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n and_o may_v for_o their_o safety_n dwell_v in_o they_o but_o as_o they_o may_v not_o be_v soldier_n in_o the_o one_o so_o may_v they_o not_o be_v huntsman_n in_o the_o other_o in_o like_a sort_n the_o abbot_n and_o monk_n of_o st._n alban_n as_o mat._n paris_n report_v the_o case_n in_o an._n 1240._o pa._n 205._o have_v free-warren_n at_o st._n alban_n &c._n &c._n by_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n and_o recover_v damage_n against_o many_o that_o enter_v into_o the_o same_o and_o hunt_v for_o the_o have_v of_o it_o be_v lawful_a as_o appear_v in_o the_o clementines_n tit._n de_fw-la statu_fw-la monast_n §_o porro_fw-la a_o venatoribus_fw-la but_o it_o be_v there_o express_o forbid_v that_o either_o they_o shall_v hunt_v in_o it_o themselves_o or_o be_v present_a when_o other_o do_v hunt_v or_o that_o they_o shall_v keep_v cane_n venatico_v aut_fw-la infra_fw-la monasteria_fw-la seu_fw-la domus_fw-la quas_fw-la inhabitant_n aut_fw-la eorum_fw-la clausuras_fw-la pa._n 207._o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o an._n 1189._o say_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o time_n affect_v to_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n comitatus_fw-la vicecomitatus_a vel_fw-la castellarias_fw-la counties_n sheriffwicks_n and_o constable-ship_n of_o castle_n but_o shall_v we_o think_v they_o either_o do_v or_o may_v use_v they_o in_o their_o own_o person_n as_o with_o banner_n display_v to_o lead_v forth_o the_o soldier_n of_o their_o county_n or_o with_o sword_n and_o target_n to_o defend_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o castle_n or_o with_o a_o white_a wand_n to_o collect_v the_o king_n revenue_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v true_a that_o walter_n bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v buy_v the_o county_n of_o northumberland_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n will_v needs_o sit_v himself_o in_o the_o county-court_n but_o he_o pay_v dear_o for_o it_o for_o his_o countryman_n furious_o slay_v he_o even_o sit_v there_o matt._n paris_n in_o an._n 1075._o so_o hugh_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n exercise_v the_o sheriff_n place_n but_o be_v excommunicate_a for_o it_o as_o contra_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la episc_n and_o so_o acknowledge_v his_o error_n dicet_fw-la in_o an._n 1190._o but_o every_o one_o will_v say_v it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n in_o old_a time_n for_o bishop_n to_o be_v judge_n in_o secular_a court_n i_o confess_v it_o and_o think_v it_o godly_a and_o lawful_a as_o it_o be_v use_v at_o the_o first_o for_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n sit_v together_o in_o the_o county-court_n the_o bishop_n as_o chancellor_n to_o deliver_v dei_fw-la rectum_fw-la and_o populum_fw-la doâ—ere_fw-la the_o earl_n as_o secular_a judge_n to_o deliver_v rectum_fw-la seculi_fw-la and_o populum_fw-la coercere_fw-la as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o other_o but_o when_o the_o bishop_n begin_v to_o supply_v both_o place_n and_o to_o be_v mere_a judge_n of_o secular_a court_n than_o be_v they_o prohibit_v by_o many_o canon_n and_o therefore_o roger_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_n be_v importune_v by_o the_o king_n to_o be_v his_o justice_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n accept_v it_o till_o he_o have_v obtain_v dispensation_n not_o only_o from_o his_o metropolitan_a the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n but_o from_o the_o pope_n himself_o as_o dicetus_n affirm_v in_o an._n 1190._o and_o no_o doubt_n but_o other_o of_o wisdom_n do_v the_o like_a in_o those_o thing_n therefore_o that_o bishop_n do_v against_o canon_n we_o must_v take_v no_o example_n to_o follow_v they_o for_o though_o their_o public_a action_n be_v manifest_a yet_o their_o dispensation_n and_o matter_n of_o excuse_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n secret_a neither_o do_v every_o thing_n do_v against_o a_o canon_n produce_v irregularity_n if_o some_o criminous_a mischance_n follow_v not_o thereon_o for_o the_o record_n that_o relate_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n be_v at_o his_o death_n to_o render_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n his_o kennel_n of_o hound_n as_o a_o mortuary_n and_o that_o the_o law_n take_v notice_n of_o it_o for_o the_o king_n sede_fw-la vacant_a under_o the_o name_n of_o muta_fw-la canum_fw-la and_o mulctura_fw-la i_o must_v as_o they_o say_v in_o the_o law_n demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o record_n we_o shall_v otherwise_o spend_v many_o word_n in_o vain_a but_o that_o dog_n shall_v be_v give_v for_o a_o mortuary_n be_v against_o all_o likelihood_n for_o a_o mortuary_n be_v as_o a_o offering_n give_v by_o he_o that_o die_v unto_o the_o church_n in_o recompense_n of_o his_o tithe_n forget_v and_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a text_n deuter._n 28._o 18._o non_fw-la offeres_fw-la mercedem_fw-la prostibuli_fw-la nec_fw-la pretium_fw-la canis_fw-la in_o domo_fw-la domini_fw-la but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o kennel_n of_o hound_n than_o muta_fw-la canum_fw-la and_o mulctura_fw-la the_o exposition_n may_v be_v doubtful_a though_o it_o come_v somewhat_o near_o it_o freder_n ii_o emp._n in_o the_o prologue_n to_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr venatione_fw-la speak_v of_o a_o hawks-mue_a say_v domicula_fw-la quae_fw-la dicitur_fw-la muta_fw-la follow_v the_o italian_a vulgar_a which_o come_v à _fw-la mutando_fw-la because_o the_o hawk_n do_v there_o change_v her_o coat_n and_o for_o the_o affinity_n between_o dog_n and_o hawk_n it_o may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d transfer_v to_o a_o dog-kennel_n and_o whether_o to_o the_o hound_n themselves_o or_o no_o it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a for_o no_o doubt_n they_o that_o may_v have_v park_n and_o warrens_n may_v have_v dog_n and_o hound_n for_o hunt_v but_o every_o body_n that_o may_v have_v hound_n may_v not_o use_v they_o themselves_o as_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o i_o say_v before_o out_o of_o the_o clementines_n and_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n brudnel_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o judge_n 12._o henr._n viii_o fol._n 5._o where_o it_o be_v say_v a_o man_n may_v keep_v hound_n notwithstanding_o the_o statute_n of_o 13._o ric._n ii_o but_o he_o must_v not_o hunt_n as_o he_o may_v keep_v apparel_n of_o cloth_n of_o gold_n notwithstanding_o the_o statute_n of_o apparel_n but_o he_o must_v not_o wear_v it_o beside_o religious_a person_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v drive_v to_o have_v dog-kennel_n for_o the_o king_n hound_n for_o rad._n niger_n in_o an._n ....._o say_v that_o king_n henry_n ii_o abbate_n hypodromos_fw-la &_o canum_fw-la custodes_fw-la fecit_fw-la after_o all_o this_o his_o lordship_n be_v defend_v with_o the_o perpetual_a use_n of_o hunt_v by_o bishop_n in_o their_o park_n and_o by_o the_o particular_a example_n of_o some_o eminent_a man_n his_o predecessor_n
the_o shoot_v here_o mention_v seem_v not_o to_o be_v the_o longbow_n which_o stir_v the_o body_n and_o be_v profitable_a to_o health_n but_o that_o deadly_a engine_n which_o imagine_v mischief_n as_o a_o law_n the_o cross-bowe_n who_o force_n a_o man_n can_v mitigate_v as_o in_o other_o weapon_n and_o be_v proper_o number_v among_o the_o instrument_n of_o war_n and_o therefore_o by_o a_o multitude_n of_o canon_n prohibit_v to_o clergyman_n so_o that_o they_o may_v not_o use_v they_o alii_fw-la pro_fw-la justitia_fw-la exercenda_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o constit_fw-la of_o othob_n tit._n de_fw-la clericis_fw-la arma_fw-la portan_n nor_o equitantes_fw-la per_fw-la loca_fw-la periculosa_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o gloss_n upon_o the_o decret_a of_o gratian_n p._n 992._o where_o the_o text_n be_v clerici_fw-la arma_fw-la portantes_fw-la &_o usurarii_fw-la excommunicentur_fw-la but_o i_o have_v go_v the_o length_n of_o my_o tedder_n i_o mean_v as_o far_o as_o the_o apology_n lead_v i_o and_o therefore_o now_o manum_fw-la de_fw-la tabula_fw-la the_o case_n of_o this_o reverend_a and_o most_o worthy_a person_n deserve_v great_a commiseration_n and_o tender_a handle_n for_o who_o can_v prevent_v such_o unexpected_a casualty_n yet_o may_v the_o consequence_n prove_v so_o mischievous_a both_o to_o himself_o and_o those_o that_o be_v to_o receive_v their_o consecration_n from_o he_o as_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v careful_o look_v into_o and_o provide_v for_o let_v i_o remember_v a_o ancient_a precedent_n even_o in_o one_o of_o his_o own_o predecessor_n stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n who_o because_o he_o have_v not_o canonical_o receive_v his_o consecration_n but_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o pope_n benedict_n who_o stand_v excommunicate_a and_o sacris_fw-la interdictus_fw-la be_v not_o only_o deprive_v himself_o by_o authority_n of_o a_o council_n but_o also_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n which_o have_v take_v their_o consecration_n from_o he_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n of_o well_n and_o hereford_n foresee_v that_o evil_n to_o make_v all_o clear_a fetch_v their_o consecration_n at_o rome_n from_o pope_n nicholas_n vitabant_fw-la enim_fw-la say_v flor._n wigorn._n in_o an._n 1070._o 50._o à _fw-la stigando_fw-la qui_fw-la tunc_fw-la archiepiscopatui_fw-la doroberniae_fw-la praesidebat_fw-la ordinari_fw-la quia_fw-la noverant_fw-la illum_fw-la non_fw-la canonice_fw-la pallium_fw-la suscepisse_fw-la it_o be_v good_a to_o follow_v the_o counsel_n of_o gratian_n in_o the_o like_a matter_n consultius_fw-la est_fw-la in_o hujusmodi_fw-la dubio_fw-la abstinere_fw-la quam_fw-la celebrare_fw-la ca._n 24._o 1716._o but_o because_o we_o be_v fall_v into_o a_o case_n wherein_o perhaps_o some_o extraordinary_a consecration_n may_v be_v require_v let_v i_o also_o relate_v a_o strange_a consecration_n use_v in_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o a._n henry_n i._n an._n 1100._o where_o eadmere_n a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n be_v elect_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n of_o scotland_n to_o be_v bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n with_o the_o great_a good_a like_n of_o king_n alexander_n and_o the_o nobility_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o discontentment_n the_o same_o king_n have_v conceive_v against_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n within_o who_o province_n scotland_n then_o be_v he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v that_o eadmere_n shall_v take_v his_o consecration_n from_o that_o archbishop_n and_o after_o much_o consultation_n how_o then_o it_o may_v otherwise_o be_v perform_v it_o be_v at_o last_o agree_v that_o the_o staff_n of_o the_o bishopric_n shall_v be_v solemn_o lay_v upon_o the_o altar_n and_o that_o eadmere_n take_v it_o from_o thence_o shall_v receive_v it_o as_o deliver_v he_o from_o god_n himself_o which_o according_o be_v do_v this_o call_v to_o my_o mind_n another_o of_o like_a nature_n somewhat_o more_o ancient_a where_o wulstan_n the_o good_a bishop_n of_o worcester_n both_o resign_v his_o bishopric_n by_o lay_v the_o staff_n thereof_o upon_o the_o shrine_n of_o st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n by_o the_o agreement_n of_o a_o council_n hold_v under_o lanfranc_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n receive_v the_o same_o again_o from_o thence_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n william_n the_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n and_o many_o other_o not_o without_o some_o miracle_n as_o matthew_n paris_n write_v it_o in_o an._n 1095._o these_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o thus_o in_o this_o matter_n of_o shoot_v if_o i_o have_v do_v as_o the_o proverb_n say_v shoot_v like_o a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v fair_a though_o far_o off_o it_o suffice_v i_o humble_o crave_v pardon_n 19_o octob._n 1621._o recep_v apolog._n â—5_n octob._n praece_v some_o letter_n and_o instrument_n concern_v the_o kill_n of_o hawkins_n by_o archbishop_n abbot_z a_o letter_n write_v by_o his_o majesty_n to_o the_o lord_n keeper_n the_o bishop_n of_o london_n winton_n rochester_n st._n david_n and_o exeter_n sir_n henry_n hobart_n kt._n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common-plea_n mr._n justice_n dodderidge_n sir_n henry_n martin_n and_o mr._n doctor_n steward_n or_o any_o six_o of_o they_o whereof_o the_o lord_n keeper_n the_o bishop_n of_o london_n winton_n and_o st._n david_n to_o be_v four_o it_o be_v not_o unknown_a unto_o you_o what_o happen_v this_o last_o summer_n unfortunate_o to_o our_o right_a trusty_n and_o our_o right_a well-beloved_a counsellor_n the_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o shoot_v at_o a_o deer_n with_o a_o cross-bow_n in_o bramsil-park_n do_v with_o that_o shoot_v casual_o give_v the_o keeper_n a_o wound_n whereof_o he_o die_v which_o accident_n though_o it_o may_v have_v happen_v to_o any_o other_o man_n yet_o because_o his_o eminent_a rank_n and_o function_n in_o the_o church_n have_v as_o we_o be_v inform_v minister_v occasion_n of_o some_o doubt_n as_o make_v the_o case_n different_a in_o his_o person_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o scandal_n as_o be_v suppose_v we_o therefore_o be_v desirous_a as_o it_o be_v fit_a we_o shall_v to_o be_v satisfy_v therein_o and_o repose_v especial_a trust_n in_o your_o learning_n and_o judgement_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o you_o to_o inform_v we_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o case_n and_o do_v therefore_o require_v you_o to_o take_v it_o present_o into_o your_o consideration_n and_o the_o scandal_n that_o may_v have_v rise_v thereupon_o and_o to_o certify_v we_o what_o in_o your_o judgement_n the_o same_o may_v amount_v unto_o either_o to_o a_o irregularity_n or_o otherwise_o and_o last_o what_o mean_n may_v be_v find_v to_o redress_v the_o same_o if_o need_v be_v of_o all_o which_o point_n we_o shall_v expect_v to_o hear_v your_o report_n with_o what_o diligence_n and_o expedition_n you_o possible_o may_v date_v at_o theobalds_n 3._o oct._n 1621._o a_o letter_n from_o the_o lord_n keeper_n to_o archbishop_n abbot_n intimate_v the_o reception_n of_o his_o majesty_n letter_n may_v it_o please_v your_o grace_n my_o lord_n of_o winchester_n my_o lord_n hobart_n sir_n john_n dodderidge_n dr._n martin_n and_o myself_o have_v meet_v this_o afternoon_n about_o a_o letter_n send_v unto_o we_o together_o with_o some_o other_o under_o his_o majesty_n signet_n and_o find_v the_o content_n thereof_o to_o require_v from_o we_o some_o information_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o unfortunate_a act_n which_o do_v refer_v unto_o your_o grace_n we_o think_v ourselves_o tie_v in_o all_o justice_n and_o respect_n to_o send_v your_o grace_n as_o i_o do_v here_o enclose_v a_o copy_n of_o his_o majesty_n letter_n and_o to_o let_v your_o grace_n understand_v that_o we_o be_v ready_a to_o receive_v from_o your_o grace_n in_o writing_n all_o the_o qualify_a circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n if_o any_o such_o there_o be_v omit_v in_o this_o letter_n that_o we_o may_v be_v better_o ground_v to_o deliver_v our_o opinion_n as_o be_v desire_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o unlucky_a accident_n and_o we_o have_v appoint_v two_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n upon_o saturday_n next_o to_o be_v the_o time_n and_o this_o college_n of_o westminster_n to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o our_o meeting_n to_o receive_v what_o information_n of_o the_o fact_n your_o grace_n shall_v 〈…〉_z unto_o we_o and_o cease_v to_o be_v further_a troublesome_a i_o shall_v 〈…〉_z your_o grace_n poor_a friend_n and_o servant_n jo._n lane_n &_o c._n s._n westminst_n coll._n 〈…〉_z of_o october_n 162â—_n the_o archbishop_n answer_n my_o very_a good_a lord_n i_o thank_v you_o for_o send_v i_o the_o copy_n of_o his_o majesty_n letter_n which_o concern_v the_o â—nhappy_a 〈…〉_z that_o befall_v i_o in_o hampshire_n i_o here_o enclose_v send_v unto_o your_o 〈◊〉_d a_o â—opy_n of_o the_o verdict_n give_v up_o by_o the_o juror_n unto_o the_o coroner_n as_o also_o a_o 〈…〉_z of_o some_o circumstance_n of_o this_o fact_n which_o be_v not_o express_v in_o that_o verdict_n 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o be_v already_o upon_o oath_n it_o need_v not_o as_o i_o