execution_n of_o the_o writ_n he_o receive_v from_o they_o and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o in_o old_a time_n they_o be_v the_o ordinary_a day_n set_v to_o the_o defendant_n for_o appearance_n every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o seven-night_n after_o another_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o defendant_n according_a to_o his_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v to_o appear_v may_v have_v one_o two_o three_o or_o more_o of_o these_o return_v that_o be_v so_o many_o week_n for_o his_o appearance_n as_o he_o be_v county_n off_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o court_n where_o he_o be_v to_o appear_v this_o be_v verify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o 93._o ethelred_n the_o saxon_a king_n in_o case_n of_o vouch_v upon_o trover_n give_v he_o cenne_v ofer_n a_o scira_n haebbe_fw-it a_fw-mi Æ¿ucena_fw-la fyrr_v give_v he_o cenne_v ofer_n tÆ¿a_fw-la scira_fw-la haebbe_fw-it tÆ¿a_fw-la Æ¿ucena_fw-la first_o give_v he_o cenne_v ofer_n iii._o scira_o haebbe_fw-it three_o Æ¿ucena_fw-la first_o ofer_n eal_n sÆ¿a_fw-la fela_fw-la scira_fw-la sÆ¿a_o he_o cenne_n haebbe_fw-it sÆ¿a_fw-la feala_fw-la Æ¿ucena_fw-la fyrrt_n i._n e._n if_o the_o vouchee_n dwell_v one_o shire_n off_o let_v he_o at_o first_o have_v one_o week_n if_o two_o shire_n off_o let_v he_o have_v two_o week_n if_o three_o shire_n off_o let_v he_o have_v three_o week_n and_o for_o so_o many_o shire_n as_o he_o dwell_v off_o let_v he_o have_v so_o many_o week_n the_o law_n of_o 41._o henry_n the_o first_o be_v somewhat_o more_o particular_a qui_fw-la residens_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la domum_fw-la svam_fw-la summoniri_fw-la debet_fw-la de_fw-la placito_fw-la quolibet_fw-la cum_fw-la testibus_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la dâ—mi_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la dicatur_fw-la vel_fw-la dapifero_fw-la vel_fw-la denique_fw-la familiae_fw-la suae_fw-la libere_fw-la denuncietur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d in_fw-la eodem_fw-la comitatu_fw-la sit_fw-la inde_fw-la ad_fw-la septem_fw-la dies_fw-la terminum_fw-la habeat_fw-la si_fw-la in_o alia_fw-la 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consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n for_o in_o his_o charter_n whereby_o he_o divide_v the_o court-christian_a from_o the_o temporal_a he_o say_v thus_o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la episcopales_fw-la leges_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n &_o consilio_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la principum_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la emendandas_fw-la judicavi_fw-la and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o same_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la whereby_o he_o make_v the_o law_n he_o speak_v of_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o the_o great_a establishment_n aforesaid_a william_n rufus_n in_o an._n 1094._o call_n 26._o episcopos_fw-la abbates_n cunctosque_fw-la regni_fw-la principes_fw-la to_o a_o council_n at_o rochingheham_n 5._o id._n mar._n henry_n 1._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la concilio_n gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la say_v matthew_n paris_n posuit_fw-la dunelmensem_fw-la episcopum_fw-la in_o 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aprilis_n factus_fw-la est_fw-la conventus_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la serberiam_fw-la cogente_fw-la eos_fw-la illuc_fw-la sanctione_n regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n and_o among_o other_o cause_n handle_v there_o he_o show_v this_o to_o be_v the_o principal_a viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o go_v into_o normandy_n and_o not_o know_v how_o god_n may_v dispose_v of_o he_o he_o desire_v that_o the_o succession_n may_v be_v confirm_v on_o his_o son_n william_n whereupon_o say_v eadmer_n omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la homines_fw-la ipsius_fw-la willielmi_n fide_fw-la &_o sacramento_n confirmati_fw-la florentius_n wigorniensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o die_v about_o two_o year_n after_o 1116._o report_v it_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n conventio_fw-la optimatum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la apud_fw-la sealesbiriam_n 14._o cal._n apr._n facta_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la 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the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o baron_n do_v they_o can_v not_o be_v patronise_v under_o they_o and_o doubtless_o they_o be_v not_o many_o at_o this_o time_n though_o much_o increase_v since_o the_o make_n of_o domesdei_n book_n where_o those_o few_o that_o be_v then_o be_v mention_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o word_n hominum_fw-la here_o do_v signify_v those_o that_o serve_v for_o burrough-town_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n for_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o tenant_n not_o of_o servant_n to_o grope_v no_o further_o in_o this_o darkness_n the_o first_o certain_a light_n that_o i_o discover_v for_o the_o form_n of_o our_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n be_v that_o which_o rise_v forty_o year_n after_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n the_o word_n whereof_o i_o will_v recite_v at_o large_a as_o they_o stand_v not_o only_o in_o matthew_n paris_n but_o also_o in_o the_o red-book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n with_o some_o little_a difference_n happen_v in_o the_o write_n et_fw-la civitas_n londinensis_fw-la habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la aquas_fw-la praetereà _fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portubus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o maritandâ—â—_n tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la &_o de_fw-la scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la summoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la et_fw-la praetereà _fw-la faciemus_fw-la summoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_a &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alius_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scil_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la 40._o dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la causam_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la summonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuerint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la summoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la here_o be_v lay_v forth_o the_o member_n the_o matter_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o summon_v of_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o record_n of_o state_n call_v a_o parliament_n the_o member_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o the_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o call_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lesser_a baron_n which_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o manor_n second_o those_o here_o before_o mention_v by_o bened._n abbas_n to_o be_v call_v to_o clarenden_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o take_v to_o be_v now_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o three_o those_o of_o city_n burrough_n and_o
town_n call_v burgess_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v to_o appear_v personal_o or_o by_o particular_a proxy_n for_o the_o word_n as_o touch_v they_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la but_o as_o touch_v the_o other_o it_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la generaliter_fw-la etc._n etc._n not_o that_o all_o shall_v come_v confuse_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v send_v their_o advocate_n which_o common_o be_v but_o two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o these_o the_o french_a in_o their_o parliament_n call_v 27._o ambasiatores_fw-la and_o syndicos_fw-la in_o the_o first_o rank_n the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n have_v their_o place_n in_o this_o council_n for_o that_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o a_o barony_n and_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n with_o they_o of_o the_o second_o rank_n so_o likewise_o for_o that_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o ordain_v in_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n as_o a_o barony_n and_o shall_v be_v suitor_n and_o sit_v in_o the_o king_n court_n in_o judgement_n as_o other_o baron_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o member_n or_o matter_n of_o death_n but_o this_o council_n of_o clarendon_n do_v rather_o affirm_v than_o give_v they_o their_o privilege_n for_o the_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v in_o all_o age_n the_o prime_a part_n of_o these_o great_a council_n in_o the_o three_o rank_n the_o burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n have_v their_o place_n not_o so_o much_o in_o respect_n of_o tenure_n for_o they_o be_v not_o conceive_v to_o be_v owner_n of_o land_n but_o for_o that_o in_o tax_n and_o tallage_n touch_v their_o good_n and_o matter_n of_o trade_n they_o may_v have_v some_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o here_o then_o arise_v a_o question_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o every_o poor_a burrow_n of_o england_n how_o little_a soever_o it_o be_v two_o except_v have_v two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o in_o this_o great_a council_n when_o the_o great_a county_n have_v no_o more_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o of_o the_o county_n who_o we_o call_v knight_n serve_v not_o in_o ancient_a time_n for_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o the_o county_n as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o do_v but_o be_v only_o choose_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o they_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v not_o barones_n majores_fw-la baron_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o all_o freeholder_n beside_o they_o have_v their_o lord_n paramount_n which_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o and_o these_o only_o have_v no_o body_n for_o that_o themselves_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n therefore_o king_n john_n by_o his_o charter_n do_v agree_v to_o summon_v they_o only_o and_o no_o other_o freeholder_n howbeit_o those_o other_o freeholder_n because_o they_o can_v not_o always_o be_v certain_o distinguish_v from_o they_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o increase_v daily_o grow_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o have_v voice_n in_o election_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o at_o last_o to_o be_v confirm_v therein_o by_o the_o stat._n 7._o henr._n iu._n and_o 8._o henr._n vi_o but_o to_o come_v to_o our_o question_n why_o there_o be_v but_o two_o knight_n for_o a_o county_n it_o may_v well_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o that_o in_o those_o time_n of_o old_a there_o be_v very_o few_o beside_o the_o baron_n that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o that_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o that_o two_o therefore_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o these_o few_o as_o well_o as_o two_o for_o the_o great_a burrough_n or_o city_n of_o england_n except_o london_n and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o of_o the_o four_o which_o serve_v for_o london_n two_o of_o they_o be_v for_o it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o city_n and_o two_o other_o as_o it_o be_v a_o county_n though_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o when_o two_o come_v first_o to_o be_v choose_v or_o appoint_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o burrow_n or_o county_n i_o can_v find_v it_o seem_v by_o those_o synod_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o by_o some_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o great_a number_n of_o the_o common_a people_n flow_v thither_o epist_n for_o it_o be_v say_v in_o an._n 1021._o cum_fw-la quamplurimis_fw-la gregariis_fw-la militibus_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la copiosa_fw-la and_o an._n 1126._o innumeraque_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la and_o so_o likewise_o in_o an._n 1138._o and_o other_o synod_n and_o council_n by_o what_o order_n or_o limitation_n this_o innumera_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudo_fw-la come_v to_o these_o assembly_n it_o appear_v not_o 10._o bartol_n that_o famous_a civilian_n and_o 15._o hottoman_a according_a with_o he_o thus_o expound_v it_o in_o other_o place_n nota_fw-la quod_fw-la praesides_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la coadunant_fw-la universale_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la provinciae_fw-la quod_fw-la intellige_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n debent_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la ire_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la deputantur_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la qui_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentant_fw-la and_o l._n johan_n de_fw-fr platea_n likewise_o say_v vbi_fw-la super_fw-la aliquo_fw-la providendum_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la utilitate_fw-la totius_fw-la provinciae_fw-la debet_fw-la congregari_fw-la generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la seu_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n vadant_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la civitate_fw-la aliqui_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la vel_fw-la syndici_fw-la qui_fw-la totam_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentent_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n seu_fw-la parlamento_n petitur_fw-la proponi_fw-la sanum_fw-la ac_fw-la utile_fw-la consilium_fw-la but_o our_o burgess_n as_o it_o seem_v in_o time_n of_o old_a be_v not_o call_v to_o consult_v of_o state_n matter_n be_v unproper_a to_o their_o education_n otherwise_o than_o in_o matter_n of_o aid_n and_o subsidy_n for_o king_n john_n grant_v no_o more_o unto_o they_o than_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidâ—ndis_fw-la if_o his_o charter_n be_v so_o point_v that_o this_o clause_n belong_v to_o that_o of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v to_o they_o which_o be_v very_o doubtful_a and_o seem_v rather_o to_o belong_v to_o that_o which_o follow_v otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o word_n at_o all_o for_o call_v they_o unto_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v term_v they_o of_o that_o time_n and_o yet_o further_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o whole_a branch_n of_o his_o charter_n touch_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o summon_n a_o great_a council_n be_v not_o comprise_v in_o the_o article_n between_o he_o and_o his_o baron_n whereupon_o the_o charter_n be_v ground_v but_o gain_v from_o he_o as_o it_o seem_v afterward_o and_o that_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n iii_o confirm_v after_o by_o edward_n i._o in_o such_o manner_n as_o now_o we_o have_v it_o the_o charter_n of_o these_o article_n i_o have_v see_v under_o his_o own_o seal_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n john_n i_o find_v many_o of_o these_o great_a council_n hold_v and_o to_o be_v often_o name_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n colloquia_fw-la after_o the_o french_a word_n parliament_n but_o no_o mention_n in_o any_o of_o they_o of_o burgess_n save_v that_o in_o an._n dom._n 1225._o regis_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o christmas_n at_o westminster_n praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v hugh_n de_fw-fr burgo_n the_o king_n justice_n propound_v to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n &_o aliis_fw-la universis_fw-la the_o loss_n the_o king_n have_v receive_v in_o france_n require_v of_o they_o one_o xv_o the_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1229._o the_o king_n summon_v to_o westminster_n archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la templarios_fw-la hospitalarios_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n ecclesiarum_fw-la rectores_fw-la &_o qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr se_fw-la tenebant_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la about_o the_o grant_v a_o ten_o to_o the_o pope_n wherein_o those_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v call_v as_o in_o henr._n ii_o to_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n and_o as_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n purport_v but_o no_o mention_n be_v here_o make_v of_o burgess_n the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1684._o from_o a_o very_a uncorrect_a and_o imperfect_a copy_n now_o publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la chap._n 32._o
surrey_n 23._o king_n edgar_n charter_n of_o donation_n of_o certain_a thaneland_n 19_o another_o charter_n grant_v by_o he_o to_o the_o monastery_n of_o hide_n near_o winchester_n 20._o by_o who_o advice_n his_o law_n be_v make_v 61._o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a how_o he_o propose_v his_o law_n 61._o the_o first_o that_o prohibit_v law_n business_n on_o festival_n 77._o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n charter_n of_o donation_n to_o thola_n 20._o several_a privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o cinque-port_n 26._o his_o law_n by_o who_o collect_v 61._o his_o constitution_n touch_v festival_n 79._o edward_z earl_n of_o norfolk_z and_o marshal_z of_o england_n 168._o die_v in_o his_o minority_n ibid._n edwin_n son_n of_o othulf_n give_v certain_a land_n to_o archbishop_n odo_n 29._o elfere_fw-la a_o saxon_a bequeath_v snodland_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n andrews_n 128._o publish_a his_o will_n before_o odo_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n 130._o elfstane_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n 130._o elfsy_n priest_n of_o croyden_n 130._o ellingham_n 161._o elmham_n 150._o erpingham_n 151._o erpingham_n tho._n commissioner_n for_o execute_v the_o office_n of_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n 169._o escheat_n the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n 37._o no_o feodal_a escheat_n among_o the_o saxon_n 37_o 38._o escuage_z what_o in_o the_o empire_n 36._o neither_o its_o name_n nor_o rule_n use_v by_o the_o saxon_n 37._o essoyn_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o not_o in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n 27._o king_n ethelbald_n charter_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o croyland_n 22._o ethelbert_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o the_o saxon_n 8._o he_o cause_v his_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o writing_n ibid._n he_o take_v somewhat_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n 102_o etheldreda_n daughter_n of_o k._n alfred_n her_o dowry_n 8._o king_n etheldred_n ordain_v every_o eight_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o find_v a_o man_n for_o the_o naval_a expedition_n 17._o his_o charter_n of_o donation_n to_o aethelwold_n 19_o another_o charter_n grant_v by_o he_o to_o his_o thane_n sealwyne_n ibid._n king_n ethelstane_n who_o he_o consult_v in_o make_v his_o law_n 61._o king_n ethelwulf_v charter_n of_o privilege_n 23._o he_o divide_v his_o land_n by_o will_n among_o his_o three_o son_n 128._o euricus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o goth_n 102._o exauctoratio_fw-la militis_fw-la 185._o expeditio_fw-la what_o it_o signify_v in_o latin_n 17._o f_o fakenham_n 150._o fasti_fw-la or_o law_n day_n among_o the_o roman_n why_o so_o nam_fw-la d._n 72._o seldom_o two_o fasti_fw-la together_o 75._o fasti_fw-la proprie_fw-la ibid._n fasti_fw-la intercisi_fw-la ibid._n fasti_fw-la comitiales_n ibid._n all_o the_o fasti_fw-la not_o apply_v to_o judicature_n ibid._n fealty_n the_o definition_n of_o it_o 35._o no_o fealty_n but_o for_o a_o fee._n 36._o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n ibid._n felbrig_n 152._o felewell_n 161._o feodal_n word_n none_o among_o the_o saxon_n 7_o 8_o 9_o feorme_v what_o it_o signify_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 15_o ferdwite_n 37._o festa_fw-la majora_fw-la vel_fw-la principalia_fw-la 91._o festival_n how_o exempt_v from_o law_n day_n 76._o the_o difference_n of_o they_o 91._o the_o festival_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o paul_n 92._o of_o st._n george_n 93._o of_o gunpowder_n treason_n ibid._n a_o feud_n what_o it_o be_v 1._o it_o be_v general_a and_o particular_a definition_n 2._o feud_n among_o the_o jew_n ibid._n among_o the_o gaul_n 3_o their_o original_n 4._o make_a perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a 5._o when_o and_o how_o they_o become_v so_o ibid._n especial_o in_o england_n ibid._n the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o benefice_n 6_o 9_o the_o great_a growth_n of_o they_o ibid._n no_o proper_a feud_n before_o the_o conquest_n ibid._n feudal-law_n general_o receive_v in_o every_o kingdom_n 5._o it_o be_v youth_n infancy_n and_o full_a age_n 9_o where_o it_o have_v its_o original_n ibid._n feudatarii_fw-la 9_o feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la &_o nobile_fw-la 4._o rusticum_n &_o ignobile_fw-la ibid._n feuda_n majora_fw-la &_o regalia_z ibid._n the_o word_n feudum_n or_o feodum_fw-la not_o use_v in_o k._n beorredus_n day_n 9_o fideles_fw-la who_o 4._o fidelity_n what_o 59_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n 33._o the_o thaneland_n free_a from_o they_o ibid._n not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n 34._o fitz-alan_n jo._n lord_n maltravers_n marshal_n of_o england_n 168._o fitz-osborn_n will._n lord_n marshal_n to_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n 165._o flegg_n 154._o flitcham_n 145._o flitchamburrough_n 52_o 145._o folcland_n what_o 12._o not_o alienate_v without_o licence_n 33_o 34._o free_a from_o homage_n 35._o ford-park_n 110._o forest_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o 118._o subject_n can_v have_v they_o only_o in_o custody_n ibid._n fouldage_n 162._o franc-almoin_a 2_o 7._o frank-tenement_n 12._o freeborgs_n or_o tithing_n 51._o frekenham_n 153._o g_o garbulsham_n 158._o gavelkind_n what_o and_o why_o so_o call_v 12._o observe_v throughout_o all_o kent_n 43._o at_o first_o the_o general_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n ibid._n german_n their_o custom_n and_o tenor_n carry_v into_o several_a country_n 5._o they_o receive_v the_o roman_a law_n 127._o gey-wood_n 143._o gilbert_n the_o three_o son_n of_o william_n the_o king_n marshal_n 166._o make_a marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n kill_v in_o a_o tournament_n ibid._n gimmingham_n 152._o goth_n carry_v the_o german_a law_n into_o spain_n greece_n etc._n etc._n 5._o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o put_v their_o law_n in_o writing_n 102._o trust_v priest_n with_o the_o pass_n of_o will_n 130_o government_n the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n 49._o etc._n etc._n 53._o grand-day_n in_o france_n and_o england_n 92._o grand_fw-fr serjeanty_n 2._o grantesmale_a hugh_n marshal_v under_o k._n william_n i._n 165._o greek_n from_o who_o they_o have_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a rite_n 74_o 127._o gresham_n 152._o gressenhall_n 150._o grey_n rad._n de_o exauctoratur_fw-la 185._o guthrun_n the_o dane_n 61_o 77._o h_o hales_n 156._o harkela_n andr._n de_o exauctoratur_fw-la 185._o harleston_n ibid._n hartlebury-park_n 110._o hawkins_n pet_n keeper_n of_o bramsil-park_n wound_v by_o archbishop_n abbot_n 109_o etc._n etc._n hengham_n 157._o king_n henry_n i._o imprison_v the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n 62._o his_o constitution_n about_o festival_n and_o law-day_n 81._o king_n henry_n ii_o ratify_v the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confess_v and_o will._n the_o conqueror_n 81._o henry_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n convene_v k._n stephen_n to_o his_o synod_n 132._o heribannum_fw-la what_o 17._o heriot_n pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o great_a men._n 31_o 32_o to_o who_o forgive_v 32._o the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o relief_n 32_o 33._o by_o who_o and_o when_o first_o ordain_v 32._o what_o the_o word_n heriot_n signify_v ibid._n heriot_n and_o relief_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n 33._o no_o badge_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n ibid._n heydon_n 151._o high_a court_n see_v court_n of_o justice_n hikifricus_n pugil_n quidam_fw-la norfolciensis_fw-la 138._o hilary-term_n its_o ancient_a bound_n 82_o 83._o the_o end_n of_o it_o sometime_o hold_v in_o septuagesima_fw-la 95._o hockwold_n 161._o holkham_n 149._o holland_n tho_n marshal_v of_o england_n 168._o holland_n tho._n earl_n of_o kent_z duke_n of_o norfolk_n 169._o make_a earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n holland_n tho._n farle_z marshal_z of_o england_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o john_n mowbray_n 165._o holme_n in_o norfolk_n 147_o 152_o homage_n by_o who_o first_o institute_v 5._o feodal_n homage_n 34._o of_o two_o sort_n ibid._n when_o begin_v in_o france_n and_o england_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o it_o 34_o 35._o who_o be_v to_o do_v it_o 35._o usual_a in_o soccage-tenure_n 35._o as_o well_o a_o personal_a as_o a_o praedial_a duty_n ibid._n homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la 35._o hominium_fw-la &_o homagium_fw-la what_o 34._o homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la ibid._n feodale_n aut_fw-la praediale_fw-la ibid._n hoveden_n roger_n when_o he_o write_v 31._o howard_n sir_n john_n kt._n create_a duke_n of_o norfolk_n and_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n 17â—_n slay_a in_o bosworth-field_n ibid._n howard_n tho._n the_o son_n of_o the_o former_a earl_n of_o surrey_n 170._o imprison_v in_o the_o tower_n ibid._n defeat_v the_o scotch_a under_o k._n henry_n vii_o ibid._n make_a lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n and_o restore_v to_o his_o father_n dignity_n ibid._n kill_v james_n iu._n k._n of_o scotland_n in_o battle_n ib._n send_v ambassador_n into_o france_n ibid._n make_a viceroy_n of_o england_n ibid._n where_o he_o die_v ibid._n howard_n tho._n the_o four_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n of_o that_o name_n and_o earl_n marshal_z of_o england_n 1â—1_n howard_n tho._n the_o grandson_n of_o the_o former_a earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o surrey_n ibid._n the_o first_o earl_n of_o england_n ibid._n make_a earl_n marshal_n for_o life_n ibid._n hugh_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n exercise_v the_o sheriff_n place_n 116._o excommunicate_v ibid._n de_fw-fr humâ—z_fw-fr
reliquiae_fw-la spelmannianae_fw-la the_o posthumous_n work_v of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n relate_v to_o the_o law_n and_o antiquity_n of_o england_n publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o author_n sine_fw-la dubio_fw-la domus_fw-la jurisconsulti_fw-la est_fw-la totius_fw-la oraculum_fw-la civitatis_fw-la cicero_n oxford_z print_v at_o the_o theater_n for_o awnsham_n and_o john_n churchill_n at_o the_o black-swan_n in_o pater-noster-row_n london_n 1698._o imprimatur_fw-la joh_n meare_n vicecan_a oxon_n jan._n 17._o 1698._o to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_z primate_n of_o all_o england_n and_o metropolitan_a and_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n my_o lord_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o lay_v before_o your_o grace_n these_o posthumous_n discourse_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n promise_v they_o a_o favourable_a reception_n both_o for_o their_o own_o worth_n and_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o author_n he_o be_v a_o person_n endow_v with_o those_o excellent_a quality_n which_o never_o fail_v to_o recommend_v other_o to_o your_o grace_n good_a opinion_n and_o esteem_n a_o gentleman_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o a_o hearty_a promoter_n and_o encourager_n of_o it_o in_o his_o temper_n calm_a and_o sedate_v and_o in_o his_o write_n grave_a and_o inoffensive_a a_o true_a lover_n of_o the_o establish_v church_n and_o a_o zealous_a maintainer_n of_o her_o right_n and_o privilege_n in_o which_o respect_n the_o clergy_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v more_o particular_o engage_v to_o he_o because_o be_v a_o layman_n and_o so_o not_o liable_a to_o the_o suspicion_n of_o prejudice_n or_o interest_n his_o reason_n carry_v in_o they_o a_o great_a weight_n and_o authority_n than_o if_o they_o have_v come_v from_o one_o of_o their_o own_o order_n i_o may_v add_v as_o some_o sort_n of_o excuse_n for_o this_o trouble_v that_o he_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v particular_o respect_v by_o two_o of_o your_o grace_n predecessor_n and_o some_o of_o his_o posthumous_n work_v by_o a_o three_o archbishop_n abbot_n and_o his_o immediate_a successor_n be_v the_o chief_a encourager_n of_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o council_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o glossary_n be_v publish_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o archbishop_n sheldon_n so_o that_o these_o paper_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o hereditary_a right_n to_o your_o grace_n protection_n all_o the_o share_n that_o i_o have_v in_o this_o work_n be_v the_o handing_z it_o into_o the_o world_n and_o to_o make_v the_o first_o present_n to_o your_o grace_n will_v be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o decent_a regard_n to_o the_o eminence_n of_o your_o station_n though_o i_o have_v no_o particular_a obligation_n to_o do_v it_o but_o in_o my_o circumstance_n i_o shall_v think_v myself_o very_o ungrateful_a if_o enjoy_v so_o much_o happiness_n under_o your_o grace_n patronage_n i_o shall_v omit_v any_o opportunity_n of_o express_v my_o thankfulness_n for_o it_o especial_o since_o such_o small_a acknowledgement_n as_o this_o be_v the_o only_o return_v that_o i_o can_v ever_o hope_v to_o make_v for_o the_o encouragement_n which_o you_o daily_o afford_v to_o your_o grace_n most_o oblige_v and_o most_o dutiful_a servant_n edmund_z gibson_n the_o preface_n i_o shall_v not_o make_v any_o apology_n for_o the_o publication_n of_o these_o treatise_n they_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v very_o useful_a towards_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o law_n and_o antiquity_n of_o england_n and_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v appear_v so_o to_o other_o too_o nor_o need_v i_o endeavour_v to_o recommend_v they_o to_o the_o world_n any_o otherwise_o than_o by_o show_v they_o to_o be_v the_o genuine_a labour_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n who_o learning_n accuracy_n and_o integrity_n be_v sufficient_o know_v the_o first_o of_o they_o concern_v feud_n and_o tenor_n in_o england_n be_v write_v in_o the_o year_n 1639._o and_o be_v print_v from_o a_o fair_a copy_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n correct_v with_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n own_o hand_n the_o occasion_n of_o write_v it_o be_v the_o great_a case_n of_o defective_a title_n in_o ireland_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o the_o hint_n that_o our_o author_n have_v give_v we_o but_o be_v much_o more_o evident_a from_o the_o case_n itself_o print_v afterward_o by_o order_n of_o thomas_n viscount_n wentworth_n the_o then_o lord_n deputie_n the_o ground_n thereof_o with_o the_o plead_n and_o resolution_n so_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v the_o original_a of_o tenor_n be_v in_o short_a thus_o the_o several_a manor_n and_o estate_n within_o the_o county_n of_o roscomon_n sligo_n mayo_n and_o gallway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v unsettl_n d_o as_o to_o their_o title_n king_n james_n i._o by_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o 2d_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v authorise_v certain_a commissioner_n by_o letter_n patent_n to_o make_v grant_n of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o manor_n to_o the_o respective_a owner_n whereupon_o several_a letter_n patent_n to_o that_o effect_n pass_v under_o his_o majesty_n great_a seal_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o title_n that_o may_v otherwise_o seem_v defective_a and_o afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n i._o upon_o a_o enquirie_n into_o his_o majesty_n be_v title_n to_o the_o county_n of_o mayo_n there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o state_n publish_v command_v all_o those_o who_o hold_v any_o land_n in_o that_o county_n by_o letter_n patent_n from_o the_o crown_n to_o produce_v they_o or_o the_o enrollment_n thereof_o before_o the_o lord_n deputie_n and_o council_n by_o a_o certain_a day_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v in_o the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o case_n the_o say_a letter_n be_v allow_v by_o that_o board_n to_o be_v good_a and_o effectual_a in_o law_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o order_n several_a letter_n patent_n be_v produce_v and_o particular_o the_o lord_n viscount_n dillon's_n which_o last_o upon_o the_o perusal_n and_o consideration_n thereof_o by_o his_o majesty_n be_v council_n be_v think_v to_o be_v void_a in_o law_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n deputie_n and_o council_n that_o the_o doubt_n arise_v upon_o the_o letter_n patent_n shall_v be_v draw_v up_o into_o a_o case_n and_o that_o case_n to_o be_v open_o argue_v at_o the_o council-board_n the_o case_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o these_o word_n king_n james_n by_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o second_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v authorise_v certain_a commissioner_n to_o grant_v the_o manor_n of_o dale_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n and_o there_o be_v no_o direction_n give_v in_o the_o say_a commission_n touch_v the_o tenure_n to_o be_v reserve_v there_o be_v letter_n patent_n by_o colour_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n pass_v unto_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n to_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n of_o dublin_n here_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v act_v beyond_o their_o commission_n in_o reserve_v a_o mean_a tenure_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n when_o they_o ought_v either_o to_o have_v reserve_v a_o express_a tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o have_v mention_v no_o tenure_n at_o all_o but_o have_v leave_v the_o law_n to_o imply_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o question_n therefore_o be_v whether_o the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o tenure_n do_v so_o far_o affect_v the_o grant_n as_o whole_o to_o destroy_v the_o letter_n patent_n or_o whether_o the_o letter_n patent_n may_v not_o be_v good_a as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o void_a only_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n the_o case_n be_v argue_v several_a day_n by_o counsel_n on_o both_o side_n and_o be_v afterward_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v require_v by_o the_o lord_n deputie_n and_o council_n to_o consider_v of_o it_o and_o to_o return_v their_o resolution_n but_o upon_o private_a conference_n not_o agree_v in_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v think_v necessary_a for_o public_a satisfaction_n to_o have_v it_o argue_v solemn_o by_o they_o all_o which_o be_v according_o do_v and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o tenure_n so_o different_a from_o that_o intend_a and_o warrant_v by_o the_o commission_n can_v make_v void_a the_o whole_a grant_n this_o happen_v to_o lead_v they_o to_o a_o more_o general_a enquirie_n what_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o tenure_n be_v
thanes_z we_o must_v consider_v they_o the_o more_o diligent_o first_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n second_o in_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n what_o a_o thane_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o earl_n not_o proper_o a_o title_n of_o dignity_n but_o of_o service_n so_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_a of_o â—enian_n servire_fw-la and_o in_o latin_a minister_n à _fw-la ministrando_fw-la but_o as_o there_o be_v many_o degree_n of_o service_n some_o of_o great_a estimation_n and_o some_o of_o less_o so_o those_o that_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o place_n of_o eminency_n either_o in_o court_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v call_v thani_fw-la majores_fw-la and_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o those_o that_o serve_v under_o they_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o under_o duke_n earls_z and_o other_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o also_o under_o bishop_n abbat_n and_o the_o great_a prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v call_v thani_fw-la minores_fw-la or_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z and_o as_o the_o title_n of_o honourable_a office_n and_o service_n in_o duke_n earls_z etc._n etc._n become_v at_o length_n to_o be_v make_v hereditary_a so_o this_o of_o thanes_z like_o our_o title_n of_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n descend_v at_o last_o with_o their_o father_n land_n upon_o their_o child_n and_o posterity_n and_o continue_v thus_o till_o after_o the_o conquest_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o writ_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o conqueror_n thanes_z buchanan_n 6._o describe_v the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n call_v they_o praefectos_fw-la regionum_fw-la sive_fw-la nomarchas_n &_o quaestores_fw-la rerum_fw-la capitalium_fw-la governor_n of_o place_n principal_a minister_n of_o justice_n chequer_n man_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o will_v take_v they_o as_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o describe_v they_o in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o thus_o follow_v give_v ceorl_n geðeah_a ê§_n he_o hefde_v fullice_v fif_fw-mi hyda_fw-mi agenes_n land_n etc._n etc._n if_o a_o churl_n or_o husbandman_n thrive_v so_o that_o he_o have_v full_o five_o hide_n of_o his_o own_o land_n a_o church_n and_o a_o kitchen_n a_o bellhouse_n and_o a_o gatehouse_n a_o seat_n and_o a_o several_a office_n in_o the_o king_n hall_n then_o he_o be_v from_o thenceforth_o worthy_a of_o the_o right_n of_o a_o thane_n mean_v as_o i_o understand_v it_o he_o be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o great_a thanes_z or_o king_n thanes_z for_o the_o lesser_a thane_n be_v by_o and_o by_o describe_v also_o in_o that_o which_o follow_v viz._n and_o give_v ðegen_o geðeah_a etc._n etc._n and_o if_o a_o thane_n himself_o so_o prosper_v that_o he_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o ride_v upon_o his_o message_n as_o other_o of_o his_o court_n and_o then_o have_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o under_o or_o lesser_a thane_n that_o follow_v he_o which_o have_v five_o hide_n or_o ploughland_n chargeable_a to_o the_o king_n expedition_n and_o serve_v his_o lord_n in_o the_o king_n court_n and_o have_v go_v 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passage_n have_v per_fw-la transennam_fw-la show_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o land_n whereupon_o all_o our_o question_n do_v depend_v and_o true_a it_o be_v it_o show_v that_o both_o they_o and_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o military_a service_n call_v in_o latin_a expeditio_fw-la in_o saxon_a utfare_n and_o ferdgung_a and_o in_o foreign_a nation_n heribannum_n that_o be_v the_o call_n forth_o of_o a_o army_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o saxon_a law_n in_o the_o king_n library_n that_o the_o thanes_z be_v not_o only_o tie_v to_o this_o but_o to_o many_o other_o service_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n which_o notwithstanding_o breed_v no_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knights-service_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 163._o tbani_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la dignus_fw-la rectitudine_fw-la testamenti_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la tria_fw-la faciat_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la burghbotam_fw-la &_o brugbotam_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr multis_fw-la terris_fw-la majus_fw-la landirectum_fw-la exurgit_fw-la ad_fw-la bannum_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la est_fw-la deorhege_n ad_fw-la mansionem_fw-la regiam_fw-la &_o sceorpum_n in_o hosticum_fw-la &_o custodiam_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o capitis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la &_o elmesfeoh_n &_o ciricsetum_n i._n e._n pecunia_fw-la eleemosynae_fw-la &_o ciricsceatum_n &_o aliae_fw-la res_fw-la thus_o in_o english_a the_o law_n touch_v a_o thane_n be_v that_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v a_o will_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o land_n he_o shall_v do_v three_o thing_n viz._n military_a expedition_n repair_v of_o castle_n and_o mend_v of_o bridge_n and_o for_o more_o land_n to_o do_v more_o land-duty_n to_o go_v forth_o upon_o the_o king_n summons_n to_o the_o enclose_v of_o his_o park_n and_o mansion-house_n and_o to_o somn._fw-la ....._o into_o the_o enemy_n land_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o sea_n his_o own_o head_n and_o the_o peace_n to_o pay_v alms-mony_n church-seed_n church-shot_n and_o other_o thing_n what_o be_v there_o in_o all_o this_o to_o show_v either_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o the_o military_a expediton_n and_o ward_n of_o the_o sea_n against_o enemy_n imply_v a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n and_o that_o those_o and_o the_o other_o service_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o the_o king_n and_o upon_o the_o king_n summons_n show_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o doubt_n so_o will_v it_o be_v for_o land_n give_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o conceive_v that_o none_o of_o all_o this_o rise_v out_o of_o any_o tenure_n or_o feodal_n reservation_n make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n in_o grant_v these_o land_n or_o by_o any_o particular_a contract_n agree_v of_o by_o the_o thane_n or_o subject_n in_o accept_v they_o but_o out_o of_o a_o fundamental_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o whereby_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o this_o trinodae_n necessitati_fw-la of_o military_a land_n expedition_n and_o building_n or_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n so_o that_o if_o this_o make_v a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o thane_n land_n then_o must_v it_o follow_v also_o that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v likewise_o hold_v by_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o it_o be_v whole_o tie_v to_o those_o three_o service_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o eanham_n cap._n 22._o 23_o 520._o where_o they_o be_v command_v to_o be_v yearly_o do_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n cap._n 10._o 62._o where_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v do_v as_o necessity_n require_v and_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ethelred_n who_o about_o the_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n ordain_v that_o
the_o canon_n lead_v he_o no_o further_o be_v only_a de_fw-fr clerico_n de_fw-fr transgressione_n forestae_fw-la aut_fw-la parci_fw-la alicujus_fw-la diffamato_fw-la and_o make_v to_o no_o other_o intent_n than_o to_o aggravate_v the_o censure_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n which_o before_o be_v not_o sharp_a enough_o against_o offender_n in_o that_o kind_n but_o johannes_n de_fw-fr athon_n as_o great_a a_o canonist_n and_o somewhat_o elder_a who_o linwood_n often_o cit_v and_o rely_v upon_o as_o one_o well_o understand_v the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n and_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v apparent_o condemn_v it_o in_o the_o place_n by_o i_o recite_v yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v note_v that_o neither_o athon_n nor_o linwood_n intend_v to_o gloss_n upon_o all_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n but_o athon_n only_o upon_o those_o of_o otho_n and_o othobon_n and_o linwood_n begin_v where_o athon_n leave_v upon_o those_o of_o stephen_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o his_o successor_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o great_a number_n of_o canon_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n which_o neither_o of_o these_o canonist_n have_v either_o meddle_v with_o or_o so_o much_o as_o touch_v as_o also_o there_o be_v many_o statute_n in_o force_n which_o be_v no_o where_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o the_o abridgement_n but_o jo._n de_fw-fr burgo_n another_o english_a canonist_n and_o chancellor_n of_o cambridge_n who_o write_v in_o richard_n the_o second_v time_n take_v notice_n of_o this_o canon_n and_o that_o hunting_n be_v thereby_o forbid_v to_o our_o clergyman_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o pupilla_fw-la oculi_fw-la part_n 7._o ca._n 10._o m_o clericâ—râ—m_o to_o go_v on_o the_o apology_n say_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v former_o more_o than_o twenty_o park_n and_o chase_n to_o use_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o by_o charter_n have_v free-warren_n in_o all_o his_o land_n habutsse_o lugubre_fw-la it_o seem_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o latter_a time_n the_o more_o pâ—ty_n dissent_v from_o the_o former_a yet_o do_v not_o the_o former_a approve_v that_o bishop_n shall_v use_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o as_o the_o law_n and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n permit_v for_o as_o they_o have_v many_o park_n and_o warren_n so_o have_v they_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n and_o may_v for_o their_o safety_n dwell_v in_o they_o but_o as_o they_o may_v not_o be_v soldier_n in_o the_o one_o so_o may_v they_o not_o be_v huntsman_n in_o the_o other_o in_o like_a sort_n the_o abbot_n and_o monk_n of_o st._n alban_n as_o mat._n paris_n report_v the_o case_n in_o an._n 1240._o pa._n 205._o have_v free-warren_n at_o st._n alban_n &c._n &c._n by_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n and_o recover_v damage_n against_o many_o that_o enter_v into_o the_o same_o and_o hunt_v for_o the_o have_v of_o it_o be_v lawful_a as_o appear_v in_o the_o clementines_n tit._n de_fw-la statu_fw-la monast_n §_o porro_fw-la a_o venatoribus_fw-la but_o it_o be_v there_o express_o forbid_v that_o either_o they_o shall_v hunt_v in_o it_o themselves_o or_o be_v present_a when_o other_o do_v hunt_v or_o that_o they_o shall_v keep_v cane_n venatico_v aut_fw-la infra_fw-la monasteria_fw-la seu_fw-la domus_fw-la quas_fw-la inhabitant_n aut_fw-la eorum_fw-la clausuras_fw-la pa._n 207._o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o an._n 1189._o say_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o time_n affect_v to_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n comitatus_fw-la vicecomitatus_a vel_fw-la castellarias_fw-la counties_n sheriffwicks_n and_o constable-ship_n of_o castle_n but_o shall_v we_o think_v they_o either_o do_v or_o may_v use_v they_o in_o their_o own_o person_n as_o with_o banner_n display_v to_o lead_v forth_o the_o soldier_n of_o their_o county_n or_o with_o sword_n and_o target_n to_o defend_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o castle_n or_o with_o a_o white_a wand_n to_o collect_v the_o king_n revenue_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v true_a that_o walter_n bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v buy_v the_o county_n of_o northumberland_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n will_v needs_o sit_v himself_o in_o the_o county-court_n but_o he_o pay_v dear_o for_o it_o for_o his_o countryman_n furious_o slay_v he_o even_o sit_v there_o matt._n paris_n in_o an._n 1075._o so_o hugh_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n exercise_v the_o sheriff_n place_n but_o be_v excommunicate_a for_o it_o as_o contra_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la episc_n and_o so_o acknowledge_v his_o error_n dicet_fw-la in_o an._n 1190._o but_o every_o one_o will_v say_v it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n in_o old_a time_n for_o bishop_n to_o be_v judge_n in_o secular_a court_n i_o confess_v it_o and_o think_v it_o godly_a and_o lawful_a as_o it_o be_v use_v at_o the_o first_o for_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n sit_v together_o in_o the_o county-court_n the_o bishop_n as_o chancellor_n to_o deliver_v dei_fw-la rectum_fw-la and_o populum_fw-la doâ—ere_fw-la the_o earl_n as_o secular_a judge_n to_o deliver_v rectum_fw-la seculi_fw-la and_o populum_fw-la coercere_fw-la as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o other_o but_o when_o the_o bishop_n begin_v to_o supply_v both_o place_n and_o to_o be_v mere_a judge_n of_o secular_a court_n than_o be_v they_o prohibit_v by_o many_o canon_n and_o therefore_o roger_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_n be_v importune_v by_o the_o king_n to_o be_v his_o justice_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n accept_v it_o till_o he_o have_v obtain_v dispensation_n not_o only_o from_o his_o metropolitan_a the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n but_o from_o the_o pope_n himself_o as_o dicetus_n affirm_v in_o an._n 1190._o and_o no_o doubt_n but_o other_o of_o wisdom_n do_v the_o like_a in_o those_o thing_n therefore_o that_o bishop_n do_v against_o canon_n we_o must_v take_v no_o example_n to_o follow_v they_o for_o though_o their_o public_a action_n be_v manifest_a yet_o their_o dispensation_n and_o matter_n of_o excuse_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n secret_a neither_o do_v every_o thing_n do_v against_o a_o canon_n produce_v irregularity_n if_o some_o criminous_a mischance_n follow_v not_o thereon_o for_o the_o record_n that_o relate_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n be_v at_o his_o death_n to_o render_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n his_o kennel_n of_o hound_n as_o a_o mortuary_n and_o that_o the_o law_n take_v notice_n of_o it_o for_o the_o king_n sede_fw-la vacant_a under_o the_o name_n of_o muta_fw-la canum_fw-la and_o mulctura_fw-la i_o must_v as_o they_o say_v in_o the_o law_n demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o record_n we_o shall_v otherwise_o spend_v many_o word_n in_o vain_a but_o that_o dog_n shall_v be_v give_v for_o a_o mortuary_n be_v against_o all_o likelihood_n for_o a_o mortuary_n be_v as_o a_o offering_n give_v by_o he_o that_o die_v unto_o the_o church_n in_o recompense_n of_o his_o tithe_n forget_v and_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a text_n deuter._n 28._o 18._o non_fw-la offeres_fw-la mercedem_fw-la prostibuli_fw-la nec_fw-la pretium_fw-la canis_fw-la in_o domo_fw-la domini_fw-la but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o kennel_n of_o hound_n than_o muta_fw-la canum_fw-la and_o mulctura_fw-la the_o exposition_n may_v be_v doubtful_a though_o it_o come_v somewhat_o near_o it_o freder_n ii_o emp._n in_o the_o prologue_n to_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr venatione_fw-la speak_v of_o a_o hawks-mue_a say_v domicula_fw-la quae_fw-la dicitur_fw-la muta_fw-la follow_v the_o italian_a vulgar_a which_o come_v à _fw-la mutando_fw-la because_o the_o hawk_n do_v there_o change_v her_o coat_n and_o for_o the_o affinity_n between_o dog_n and_o hawk_n it_o may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d transfer_v to_o a_o dog-kennel_n and_o whether_o to_o the_o hound_n themselves_o or_o no_o it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a for_o no_o doubt_n they_o that_o may_v have_v park_n and_o warrens_n may_v have_v dog_n and_o hound_n for_o hunt_v but_o every_o body_n that_o may_v have_v hound_n may_v not_o use_v they_o themselves_o as_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o i_o say_v before_o out_o of_o the_o clementines_n and_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n brudnel_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o judge_n 12._o henr._n viii_o fol._n 5._o where_o it_o be_v say_v a_o man_n may_v keep_v hound_n notwithstanding_o the_o statute_n of_o 13._o ric._n ii_o but_o he_o must_v not_o hunt_n as_o he_o may_v keep_v apparel_n of_o cloth_n of_o gold_n notwithstanding_o the_o statute_n of_o apparel_n but_o he_o must_v not_o wear_v it_o beside_o religious_a person_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v drive_v to_o have_v dog-kennel_n for_o the_o king_n hound_n for_o rad._n niger_n in_o an._n ....._o say_v that_o king_n henry_n ii_o abbate_n hypodromos_fw-la &_o canum_fw-la custodes_fw-la fecit_fw-la after_o all_o this_o his_o lordship_n be_v defend_v with_o the_o perpetual_a use_n of_o hunt_v by_o bishop_n in_o their_o park_n and_o by_o the_o particular_a example_n of_o some_o eminent_a man_n his_o predecessor_n
and_o other_o this_o point_n of_o use_n and_o example_n i_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n answer_v before_o speak_v as_o it_o fall_v in_o my_o way_n of_o bishop_n be_v secular_a judge_n one_o line_n serve_v to_o level_v at_o they_o both_o yet_o for_o further_a and_o more_o perspicuous_a resolution_n of_o the_o matter_n see_v both_o the_o example_n and_o the_o use_v censure_v in_o the_o decret_a 34._o distinct_a ca._n 1._o by_o pope_n nicholas_n ad_fw-la albinum_n archiepisc_n alius_fw-la aluinum_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la relatione_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostris_fw-la auribus_fw-la intimatum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la lanfredus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o juvenis_fw-la esse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la venationi_fw-la sit_fw-la deditus_fw-la quod_fw-la vitium_fw-la plurimos_fw-la etiam_fw-la de_fw-la clericali_fw-la catalogo_fw-la genere_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la germanos_fw-la &_o gallos_n irreverenter_fw-la implicat_fw-la verum_fw-la iste_fw-la si_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la audivimus_fw-la merito_fw-la juvenis_fw-la dicitur_fw-la qui_fw-la juvenilibus_fw-la desideriis_fw-la occupatus_fw-la nulla_fw-la gravitate_fw-la constringitur_fw-la et_fw-la infra_fw-la nam_n ut_fw-la beatus_fw-la dicit_fw-la hieronymus_n venatorem_fw-la nunquam_fw-la legimus_fw-la sanctum_fw-la then_o blame_v he_o also_o for_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o his_o daughter_n he_o say_v oportet_fw-la ergo_fw-la fraternitatem_fw-la tuam_fw-la synodale_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o suffraganeis_fw-la tuis_fw-la convocare_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o hunc_fw-la salutaribus_fw-la colloquiis_fw-la episcopum_fw-la convenire_fw-la atque_fw-la illi_fw-la pastorali_fw-la authoritate_fw-la praecipere_fw-la quatenus_fw-la ab_fw-la omnium_fw-la bestiarum_fw-la vel_fw-la volucrum_fw-la venatione_fw-la penitus_fw-la alienus_fw-la existat_fw-la or_o in_o short_a to_o excommunicate_v he_o here_o he_o show_v hunt_v to_o be_v use_v both_o by_o a_o bishop_n and_o by_o a_o multitude_n of_o clerk_n plurimos_fw-la but_o neither_o the_o person_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o one_o not_o the_o multitude_n nor_o frequent_a use_n in_o the_o other_o make_v the_o pope_n to_o abstain_v from_o condemn_v it_o howbeit_o they_o who_o example_n the_o apologist_n allege_v little_o respect_v as_o i_o think_v the_o whole_a volume_n of_o canon_n touch_v the_o record_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n excommunication_n for_o take_v up_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n hound_n come_v into_o the_o earl_n ground_n to_o hunt_n and_o the_o archbishop_n plead_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o hunt_n in_o any_o forest_n of_o england_n whensoever_o he_o will_v we_o must_v as_o we_o before_o say_v pray_v oyer_n of_o the_o record_n for_o parol_n font_n plea_n and_o their_o certainty_n appear_v not_o here_o nor_o what_o become_v of_o the_o issue_n which_o though_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v find_v for_o the_o archbishop_n yet_o perhaps_o it_o discharge_v he_o not_o against_o the_o canon_n and_o well_o may_v he_o be_v as_o bold_a with_o the_o canon_n as_o he_o be_v with_o the_o law_n for_o it_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o law_n both_o of_o england_n and_o france_n to_o excommunicate_v a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o the_o king_n assent_n and_o therefore_o henry_n iii_o be_v sore_o offend_v with_o the_o archbishop_n for_o this_o excommunication_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o norwich_n be_v call_v in_o question_n for_o the_o like_a in_o henry_n the_o second_o s_z time_n as_o matthew_n paris_n report_v pa._n 99_o but_o because_o his_o case_n sway_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o ground_n i_o must_v dwell_v a_o little_a the_o long_o upon_o it_o to_o show_v what_o become_v of_o it_o the_o truth_n be_v it_o be_v end_v by_o comprise_v in_o the_o chapel_n at_o slyndon_n upon_o friday_n after_o the_o circumcision_n of_o our_o lord_n 1258._o that_o be_v 43._o henr._n iii_o in_o this_o manner_n quod_fw-la idem_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la svi_fw-la semel_fw-la in_o quolibet_fw-la anno_fw-la &_o non_fw-la plus_fw-la cum_fw-la transierint_fw-la per_fw-la dictam_fw-la forestam_fw-la i._n e._n de_fw-fr arundel_n cum_fw-la una_fw-la lesia_n de_fw-fr sex_n leporariis_fw-la sine_fw-la aliis_fw-la canibus_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la arcu_fw-la habeant_fw-la unum_fw-la cursum_fw-la in_o eundo_fw-la &_o alium_fw-la in_o redeundo_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la capiant_fw-la unam_fw-la feram_fw-la illam_fw-la habebunt_fw-la si_fw-la nihil_fw-la capiant_fw-la in_o illo_fw-la cursu_fw-la nihil_fw-la habebunt_fw-la si_fw-mi vero_fw-la capiant_fw-la plus_fw-la quam_fw-la unam_fw-la feram_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la fuerint_fw-la habeant_fw-la quam_fw-la elegerint_fw-la &_o residuum_fw-la habeant_fw-la dictus_fw-la dominus_fw-la johannes_n &_o haeredes_fw-la ejus_fw-la etc._n etc._n then_o be_v it_o further_o award_v that_o the_o say_a earl_n his_o heir_n and_o assign_v shall_v yearly_o for_o ever_o pay_v unto_o the_o say_a 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yet_o i_o find_v where_o the_o other_o be_v grant_v from_o the_o king_n and_o namely_o from_o edward_n the_o first_o in_o the_o 2_o d._n year_n of_o his_o reign_n where_o all_o the_o award_n and_o composition_n beforesaid_a be_v by_o way_n of_o inspeximus_fw-la recite_v and_o confirm_v but_o the_o composition_n for_o the_o buck_n and_o do_v be_v after_o in_o edw._n the_o three_o time_n release_v by_o the_o archbishop_n simon_n islip_n have_v take_v for_o the_o same_o 240._o mark_n as_o witness_n antiqq_n britann_n ca._n 55._o and_o it_o seem_v further_a by_o this_o record_n that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v not_o at_o that_o time_n dispensation_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o hunt_v where_o they_o list_v in_o any_o forest_n of_o england_n for_o than_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v need_v special_a dispensation_n in_o this_o case_n but_o howsoever_o the_o dispensation_n or_o confirmation_n be_v hereupon_o obtain_v it_o be_v apparent_a that_o it_o stretch_v no_o further_a than_o 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also_o prov._n 21._o ult_n equus_n paratur_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o such_o belike_o do_v this_o archbishop_n cranmer_n mount_v upon_o and_o manage_v as_o the_o word_n imply_v ut_fw-la in_o famulatu_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quisquam_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o generosum_fw-la equum_fw-la salire_fw-la ac_fw-la tractare_fw-la elegantius_fw-la potuisset_fw-la beside_o