perusal_n of_o another_o learned_a and_o modest_a book_n write_v by_o a_o anonymous_n author_n entitle_v patriarcha_fw-la non_fw-la monarcha_fw-la author_n for_o who_o name_n posterity_n will_v have_v a_o great_a respect_n than_o we_o at_o present_a have_v and_o that_o for_o their_o discovery_n of_o truth_n and_o refute_v so_o many_o vulgar_a error_n i_o be_o sir_n your_o most_o faithful_a servant_n etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la the_o appendix_n abbess_z de_fw-fr middleton_n tenet_n in_o capite_fw-la de_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la mannerium_n de_fw-fr middleton_n etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la feoffamenti_fw-la regis_fw-la aethelstani_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la servitium_fw-la fecit_fw-la nisi_fw-la orationes_fw-la in_o rotulo_n de_fw-fr inquisitionibus_fw-la dominicorum_fw-la dorsetshire_n ano._n 4to_fw-la r._n h._n fil._n r._n i._n here_o we_o see_v that_o king_n aethelstan_n who_o reign_v above_o 740_o year_n ago_o enfeoff_v the_o abbey_n of_o middleton_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o middleton_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o the_o abbot_n hold_v it_o in_o capite_fw-la 4._o h._n 3._o and_o do_v no_o service_n for_o it_o but_o only_o to_o pray_v for_o the_o soul_n of_o he_o and_o other_o succeed_a king_n and_o all_o this_o you_o see_v find_v by_o inquisition_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o hen._n 3._o rot._n cartar_n 19_o h._n 6._o nu._n 16._o m._n 27._o per_fw-la inspex_fw-la pro_fw-la decano_fw-la &_o capitulo_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n magni_fw-la london_n per_fw-la inspeximus_fw-la inspeximus_fw-la cartam_fw-la quam_fw-la celebris_fw-la memoriae_fw-la dominus_fw-la willielmus_fw-la quondam_a rex_fw-la angl._n progenitor_n progenitor_n nostri_fw-la fecit_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n magni_fw-la london_n in_o hec_fw-la verba_fw-la quia_fw-la inter_fw-la multa_fw-la bona_fw-la opera_fw-la quae_fw-la fideles_fw-la christi_fw-la pro_fw-la animarum_fw-la suarum_fw-la salute_v operantur_fw-la hoc_fw-la precipun_a estimatur_fw-la &_o tenetur_fw-la quod_fw-la institution_n &_o edification_n sanctae_fw-la matris_fw-la eccle_fw-la devota_fw-la ment_fw-la impenditur_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la suorum_fw-la dei_fw-la supplicationibus_fw-la peccata_fw-la a_o pio_fw-la deo_fw-la diluuntur_fw-la quod_fw-la moses_n in_o mystici_fw-la tabernaculi_fw-la constructione_n pmonstravit_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la salomonis_fw-la industria_fw-la pfiguravit_fw-la dum_fw-la templum_fw-la dno_fw-la artificiosum_fw-la &_o honorabile_fw-la edificaret_fw-la futuram_fw-la significans_fw-la eccleam_fw-it summo_fw-la a_o fidelibus_fw-la debere_fw-la honore_fw-la decorari_fw-la quorum_fw-la vidlt_fw-la exemplo_fw-la in_o nomine_fw-la dm_o nri_fw-fr jesu_fw-la christi_fw-la ego_fw-la willus_fw-la dei_fw-la dispositione_n &_o consanguinitatis_fw-la haereditate_fw-la anglorum_fw-la basileus_n normannorumque_fw-la dux_n &_o rector_n cujusdam_fw-la fidelis_fw-la mei_fw-la ingelrici_fw-la scilicet_fw-la petitioni_fw-la acquiescens_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatuum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o vniversorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la meorum_fw-la sacro_fw-la consilio_fw-la parens_fw-la omnes_fw-la possessiones_fw-la terrarum_fw-la quas_fw-la tempore_fw-la venâ—rabilis_fw-la ac_fw-la dilectissimi_fw-la cognati_fw-la &_o predecessoris_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la idem_fw-la ingelricus_fw-la acquisierat_fw-la ê™_n ipsius_fw-la insignissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la animae_fw-la salute_n necnon_fw-la &_o peccatorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la remissione_n concedo_fw-la &_o regius_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la imê‘pm_v corroboro_fw-la &_o confirmo_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o eccle_fw-la beati_fw-la martini_n quam_fw-la infra_fw-la muros_fw-la london_n sitam_fw-la pfatus_fw-la ingelricus_fw-la &_o erardus_n frat_fw-la ejus_fw-la de_fw-la propriis_fw-la suis_fw-la redditibus_fw-la in_o delictorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la remedin_n honorabiliter_fw-la ad_fw-la dei_fw-la laudem_fw-la &_o canonicalem_fw-la regulam_fw-la imê‘pm_v servand_n &_o tenend_n construxerunt_fw-la sunt_fw-la igitur_fw-la haec_fw-la terrarum_fw-la nomina_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la si_fw-la quas_fw-la alius_fw-la libtates_fw-la vel_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la aliqua_fw-la ecclearum_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la angl_n meliores_fw-la het_fw-mi si_fw-la quis_fw-la vero_fw-la hoc_fw-la in_o aliud_fw-la quam_fw-la concessimus_fw-la transfer_v psumpserit_fw-la cum_fw-la juda_n proditore_fw-la dei_fw-la haeredibas_fw-la luat_fw-la penas_fw-la scripta_fw-la est_fw-la haec_fw-la chartula_fw-la a_o ab_fw-la incarnatione_fw-la dm_o m._n lx._n viii_o scilicet_fw-la secundo_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la ê‘acta_fw-la vero_fw-la est_fw-la haec_fw-la donatio_fw-la die_v nataliâ—_n dm_o &_o postmodum_fw-la in_o die_v pentecost_n confirmat_fw-la quando_fw-la matil_n conjux_fw-la mea_fw-la in_o basilica_n sancti_fw-la petri_n westm_n in_o reginam_fw-la divino_fw-la nutu_fw-la est_fw-la consccrata_fw-la etc._n etc._n ego_fw-la willus_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o dux_n normannorum_fw-la sub_fw-la sigillo_fw-la sancte_fw-la ✚_o quas_fw-la indeclinabiliter_fw-la consensi_fw-la atque_fw-la ✚_o roloravi_fw-la ego_fw-la matil_n regina_fw-la consensum_fw-la prebui_fw-la ego_fw-la ricus_fw-la regis_fw-la fill_v annui_fw-la ego_fw-la stigandus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la subscripsi_fw-la ego_fw-la aldredus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la ego_fw-la willus_n lond_n episcopus_fw-la infra_fw-la cujus_fw-la muros_fw-la pfatum_fw-la monasterium_fw-la situm_fw-la est_fw-la signaculo_fw-la sancte_fw-la crucis_fw-la subarravi_fw-la &_o libtatem_fw-la omnimodam_fw-la quantumcumque_fw-la i_o ê‘tinet_fw-la possibilitati_fw-la concessi_fw-la ego_fw-la odo_n baiocensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la concessi_fw-la ego_fw-la hugo_n luxoniensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la interfui_fw-la ego_fw-la goiffridus_n episcopus_fw-la corroboravi_fw-la ego_fw-la hermannus_n episcopus_fw-la concessi_fw-la ego_fw-la leouricus_n episcopus_fw-la concessi_fw-la ego_fw-la giso_fw-la episcopus_fw-la concessi_fw-la ego_fw-la edwious_a abbas_n ego_fw-la wolwaldus_n abbas_n ego_fw-la baldwinus_n abbas_n ego_fw-la agelsinus_fw-la abbas_n ego_fw-la turstinus_n abbas_n ego_fw-la brand_n abbas_n ego_fw-la alswinus_n abbas_n ego_fw-la sithricus_fw-la abbas_n ego_fw-la will_n fill_v osbti_fw-la comes_fw-la ego_fw-la robtus_fw-la frat_fw-la regis_fw-la comes_fw-la ego_fw-la edwinus_fw-la comes_fw-la ego_fw-la robtus_fw-la comes_fw-la ego_fw-la marchere_fw-la comes_fw-la ego_fw-la waldeof_o come_v ego_fw-la rogerus_fw-la de_fw-la monte_fw-la goverii_fw-la comes_fw-la ego_fw-la ricus_fw-la fill_v gislebti_fw-la princeps_fw-la ego_fw-la will_n malet_n princeps_fw-la ego_fw-la arfastus_n regis_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la ego_fw-la michael_n regis_fw-la capellanus_fw-la ego_fw-la gislbtus_fw-la capellanus_fw-la ego_fw-la osbinus_n capellanus_fw-la ego_fw-la will_n capellanus_fw-la ego_fw-la thomas_n capellanus_fw-la ego_fw-la bernardus_n capellanus_fw-la ego_fw-la walterus_n capellanus_fw-la ego_fw-la robtus_fw-la capellanus_fw-la ego_fw-la johe_n sancte_fw-la roman_a ecclie_n cardinalis_fw-la presbit_n per_fw-la gallias_n &_o angl_n concedente_fw-la papa_n alexandro_n vice_n apostolicas_fw-la gerens_fw-la huic_fw-la constitutioni_fw-la interfui_fw-la &_o quantum_fw-la apostolice_n ✚_o sedi_fw-la ê‘tinuit_fw-la libtatem_fw-la ecclie_fw-la psenti_fw-la signo_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la ego_fw-la petrus_n sancte_fw-la roman_a ecclie_n similit_fw-la cardinalis_fw-la presbit_n &_o cancellarius_n ab_fw-la eodem_fw-la papa_n in_o angl_n elegatus_fw-la ✚_o huic_fw-la constitutioni_fw-la acquiescens_fw-la propria_fw-la manu_fw-la subscripsi_fw-la i_o give_v you_o this_o charter_n sir_n as_o a_o further_a proof_n and_o evidence_n for_o i_o in_o these_o particular_n viz._n 1._o you_o may_v observe_v by_o these_o word_n consanguinitatiâ—_n haereditate_fw-la anglorum_fw-la basileus_n that_o here_o king_n william_n make_v a_o absolute_a disclaimer_n of_o conquest_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o only_o insist_v on_o what_o he_o know_v full_a well_o be_v his_o sure_a hold_n his_o claim_n by_o hereditary_a right_n 2._o and_o this_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o considerable_a as_o it_o be_v do_v in_o his_o great_a council_n of_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n &_o vniversorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la suorum_fw-la a_o word_n of_o a_o large_a signification_n as_o well_o in_o historian_n as_o in_o ancient_a record_n for_o under_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la be_v comprehend_v principes_fw-la civium_fw-la vel_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o the_o former_a instance_n i_o have_v give_v you_o of_o other_o general_a council_n and_o the_o part_n thereof_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n full_o agree_v with_o this_o interpretation_n 3._o the_o claim_n and_o protestation_n of_o the_o rot._n parl._n 2._o h._n 5._o pars_fw-la secunda_fw-la n._n 10._o commons_o make_v the_o parl._n 2d_o h._n 5._o which_o say_v that_o so_o as_o hit_v have_v ever_o be_v their_o liberte_fw-fr and_o freedom_n that_o thar_z shall_v no_o statute_n ne_o law_n be_v make_v of_o lass_n then_o they_o yaffe_v thereto_o their_o assent_n consider_v that_o the_o commune_v of_o your_o lond_n the_o which_o that_o be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o member_n of_o your_o parliament_n be_v as_o well_o assentir_v as_o petitioner_n and_o which_o be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o so_o become_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v but_o a_o affirmation_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o same_o right_n can_v be_v deny_v by_o any_o man_n to_o the_o lord_n 4._o and_o that_o he_o confirm_v as_o the_o custom_n of_o succeed_a king_n have_v do_v to_o this_o day_n all_o the_o possession_n of_o those_o land_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_z the_o confessor_n now_o if_o this_o fond_a notion_n of_o william_n absolute_a conquest_n be_v true_a then_o either_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o in_o parl._n 15._o r._n 2._o know_v it_o or_o they_o
law_n of_o saint_n edward_n which_o the_o english_a be_v so_o fond_a of_o this_o william_n solemn_o swear_v before_o god_n angel_n and_o man_n for_o ever_o inviolable_o to_o keep_v and_o observe_v but_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o your_o second_o question_n sir_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v no_o way_n improper_a to_o give_v you_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n conquest_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n historian_n and_o learned_a antiquary_n have_v understand_v it_o 1._o matthew_n paris_n have_v it_o thus_o rex_fw-la 941._o mat._n paris_n fol._n 941._o angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la conquestu_fw-la dicitur_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la beatus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la eo_fw-la quòd_fw-la haerede_fw-la caruit_fw-la regnum_fw-la legavit_fw-la willielmo_n bastardo_fw-la duci_fw-la normannorum_fw-la 2._o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n 145._o spelm._n gloss_n do_fw-mi conquestus_fw-la fol._n 145._o say_v willielmus_fw-la primus_fw-la conquestor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la angliam_fw-la conquisivit_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la acquisivit_fw-la purchase_v non_fw-la quod_fw-la subegit_fw-la not_o that_o he_o subdue_v it_o 3._o sir_n john_n skene_n clark_n of_o the_o register_n 39_o skene_n p._n 39_o council_n and_o roll_n to_o king_n james_n in_o scotland_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n tell_v we_o that_o conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la and_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la veluti_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la 4._o and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o not_o improbable_a that_o the_o title_n of_o conqueror_n rather_o than_o of_o victor_n be_v assume_v by_o he_o as_o be_v a_o word_n more_o mild_a and_o original_o signify_v as_o it_o do_v in_o scotland_n a_o purchaser_n which_o be_v he_o that_o come_v to_o a_o real_a estate_n not_o by_o hereditary_a descent_n but_o by_o bargain_n or_o gift_n etc._n etc._n conquestus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la conquestuâ—_n mr._n skene_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la signify_v verbo_fw-la conquestuâ—_n primi_fw-la conquestoris_n &_o cum_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la haeredem_fw-la exuit_fw-la naturam_fw-la conquestus_fw-la &_o induit_fw-la naturam_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la 5._o and_o that_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la do_v signify_v what_o the_o historian_n say_v it_o do_v we_o have_v record_n to_o justify_v their_o exposition_n whereof_o i_o shall_v produce_v one_o and_o that_o be_v above_o 480_o year_n ago_o it_o say_v robertus_fw-la filius_fw-la nigelli_n petit_fw-la versus_fw-la richardum_fw-la battle_n capitale_n messuagium_fw-la etc._n etc._n ricardus_n venit_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la pater_fw-la etc._n etc._n fuit_fw-la persona_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-la conquestu_fw-la svo_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o dedit_fw-la etc._n etc._n placita_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la mich._n 2._o johan_n penes_fw-la camerar_n scaccar_n remanen_n now_o sure_o none_o can_v make_v the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la here_o to_o signify_v that_o the_o father_n of_o battle_n get_v the_o advowson_n by_o conquest_n in_o our_o modern_a sense_n but_o that_o he_o have_v it_o by_o his_o own_o purchase_n 6._o sir_n roger_n twisden_n in_o his_o preface_n before_o king_n william_n law_n and_o he_o well_o enough_o understand_v the_o full_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la say_v non_fw-fr existimo_fw-la willielmum_fw-la primum_fw-la 155._o apud_fw-la lambardum_fw-la in_o prefac_o 155._o de_fw-la omnium_fw-la anglorum_fw-la terris_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la libitu_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la absolutae_fw-la dominationis_fw-la disposuisse_fw-la i_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o imagine_v that_o william_n the_o first_o have_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o land_n of_o all_o the_o english_a according_a to_o his_o own_o arbitrary_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n now_o sir_n by_o these_o several_a explanation_n of_o the_o word_n i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o obvious_a to_o any_o impartial_a considerer_n that_o however_o we_o construe_v and_o interpret_v it_o now_o be_v either_o urge_v by_o flattery_n or_o interest_n so_o to_o do_v it_o never_o do_v even_o in_o that_o age_n itself_o import_n or_o signify_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o entire_a conquest_n as_o to_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n after_o william_n victory_n over_o harold_n nay_o though_o every_o body_n will_v acknowledge_v that_o this_o harold_n come_v to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n 479._o england_n à _fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la primatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regale_n culmen_fw-la electus_fw-la abreu._n chron._n rad._n de_fw-la dicâ—to_fw-la foe_fw-mi 479._o by_o a_o general_a election_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nation_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a author_n call_v he_o conqueror_n and_o what_o then_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o acquest_n at_o most_o and_o that_o too_o by_o the_o voice_n and_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n say_v he_o heraldus_n strenuus_fw-la dux_n conquestor_fw-la defuncti_fw-la ms._n ex_fw-la bib._n domini_fw-la wild_n defuncti_fw-la angliae_fw-la but_o sir_n this_o be_v not_o all_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o patience_n and_o leave_n for_o the_o better_a illustration_n of_o the_o word_n conquest_n and_o to_o disabuse_v the_o world_n in_o this_o point_n to_o present_v you_o with_o this_o follow_a summary_n series_n of_o the_o style_n of_o our_o several_a descendant_n king_n from_o this_o william_n the_o first_o inclusive_o to_o the_o great_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o therein_o make_v a_o observation_n which_o perhaps_o as_o yet_o have_v scarce_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o style_n of_o the_o king_n 1._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 1._o w._n 1._o and_o sometime_o willielmus_fw-la cognomento_fw-la bastardus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 2._o willielmus_fw-la rufus_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la 2._o w._n 2._o etc._n etc._n and_o sometime_o willielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 3._o henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o 1._o h._n 1._o sometime_o henricus_n willielmi_n magni_fw-la regis_fw-la filius_fw-la 4._o stephanus_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o steph._n steph._n sometime_o stephanus_n dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 5._o henricus_n omit_v dei_fw-la gratia_n and_o 2._o h._n 2._o use_v this_o style_n henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o sometime_o henricus_fw-la filius_fw-la imperatricis_fw-la matildae_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n 6._o richardus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n 1._o r._n 1._o 7._o johannes_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o add_v john._n john._n this_o dominus_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la 8._o henricus_fw-la filius_fw-la johannis_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la 3._o h._n 3._o etc._n etc._n 9_o edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n 1._o e._n 1._o 10._o edwardus_fw-la filius_fw-la edwardi_fw-la primi_fw-la â—_o e._n â—_o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o the_o great_a epocha_n of_o time_n when_o the_o style_n of_o our_o king_n alter_v edward_n the_o three_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o several_a record_n write_v himself_o edwardus_fw-la filius_fw-la edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la edwardi_fw-la that_o be_v edward_z the_o son_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o the_o son_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o this_o distinction_n not_o be_v well_o approve_v of_o and_o have_v consider_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n there_o have_v be_v two_o king_n edward_n he_o in_o all_o fine_n and_o in_o general_a record_n write_v himself_o edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n tertius_fw-la post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1328._o which_o rule_n be_v follow_v by_o richard_n 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o hen._n 6._o and_o so_o to_o succeed_a king_n downward_o and_o sir_n to_o give_v you_o a_o further_a proof_n that_o king_n william_n do_v not_o cancel_v and_o abolish_v all_o the_o english_a law_n nor_o change_n as_o be_v so_o much_o affirm_v the_o whole_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v please_v to_o hear_v the_o judgement_n of_o mr._n selden_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n winston_n churchill_n and_o i_o hope_v they_o be_v such_o unquestionable_a authority_n as_o may_v sufficient_o balance_v if_o not_o total_o depress_v the_o fierce_a of_o gainsayers_a i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a and_o ever_o famous_a selden_n for_o who_o memory_n as_o true_o deserve_v i_o have_v the_o high_a regard_n and_o shall_v transcribe_v his_o word_n at_o large_a which_o may_v not_o only_o serve_v for_o a_o good_a solution_n to_o this_o your_o second_o question_n but_o indeed_o may_v possible_o full_o satisfy_v you_o as_o to_o your_o other_o three_o his_o word_n be_v the_o law_n of_o before_o as_o well_o as_o of_o 484._o selden_n selden_n s_z review_n of_o his_o history_n of_o tithe_n p._n 482_o 483_o 484._o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n as_o it_o be_v vulgar_o call_v be_v here_o gather_v and_o be_v perhaps_o equal_o observable_a
as_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o consequent_a of_o a_o general_a consecration_n of_o tithe_n to_o the_o church_n in_o england_n for_o neither_o be_v the_o law_n former_o make_v abolish_v by_o that_o conquest_n although_o by_o law_n of_o 5._o of_o vid._n quintilian_n lib._n 5._o institution_n cap._n 10._o athe._n gentil_n de_fw-fr â—â—re_fw-fr belli_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o &_o hottoman_a illust_n quaest_n 5._o war_n regular_o all_o right_n and_o law_n of_o the_o place_n conquer_v be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o conqueror_n will._n for_o in_o this_o of_o the_o norman_a not_o only_o the_o conqueeor_n will_n be_v not_o declare_v that_o the_o former_a law_n shall_v be_v abrogate_a and_o until_o such_o declaration_n law_n remain_v in_o force_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o b_o of_o calvin_n can._n fol._n 17._o b_o some_o in_o all_o conquest_n of_o christian_n against_o christian_n but_o also_o the_o ancient_a and_o former_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v confirm_v by_o he_o for_o in_o his_o four_o year_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o baronage_n he_o summon_v to_o london_n omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o lege_fw-la sva_fw-la eruditos_fw-la ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la audiret_fw-la as_o the_o word_n be_v of_o the_o book_n of_o litchfield_n and_o afterward_o confirm_v they_o as_o be_v further_o also_o relate_v by_o 347._o by_o in_o h._n 2._o p._n 347._o roger_n of_o hoveden_n those_o lege_fw-la suâ_fw-la eruditi_fw-la be_v common_a lawyer_n of_o that_o time_n as_o godrie_n and_o alfwin_n be_v then_o also_o who_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o book_n of_o cotton_n of_o m_o lib._n 2._o p._n 33._o &_o 30._o in_o biol_n cotton_n abingdom_n to_o be_v legibus_fw-la patriae_fw-la optime_fw-la instituti_fw-la quibus_fw-la tanta_fw-la secularium_fw-la facundia_fw-la &_o praeteritorum_fw-la memoria_fw-la eventorum_fw-la inerat_fw-la ut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la circumquaque_fw-la facilè_fw-la eorum_fw-la sententiam_fw-la ratam_fw-la fuisse_fw-la quem_fw-la edicerent_fw-la approbarent_fw-la and_o these_o two_o and_o divers_a other_o common_a lawyer_n then_o live_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o abingdon_n quorum_fw-la collationi_fw-la nemo_fw-la sapiens_fw-la say_v the_o author_n refragabatur_fw-la quibus_fw-la rem_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la publicam_fw-la tuentibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la oblocutores_fw-la elingues_fw-la fiebant_fw-la you_o must_v know_v that_o in_o those_o day_n every_o monk_n here_o in_o england_n that_o will_v may_v remain_v so_o secular_a that_o he_o may_v get_v money_n for_o himself_o purchase_n or_o receive_v by_o descent_n to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a enough_o for_o practise_v lawyer_n to_o live_v in_o monastery_n but_o what_o have_v those_o praeteritorum_fw-la memoria_fw-la eventorum_fw-la that_o be_v report_n and_o adjudge_v case_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n avail_v in_o their_o skill_n if_o the_o former_a law_n have_v not_o continue_v more_o obvious_a testimony_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v have_v out_o of_o 8._o of_o videsis_n cok._n praefar_n ad_fw-la relat._n 3_o &_o 8._o &_o si_fw-la placet_fw-la not._n ad_fw-la fortesc_fw-la p._n 7_o &_o 8._o gervase_n of_o tilbury_n ingulphus_n and_o other_o and_o we_o here_o omit_v they_o but_o also_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v a_o conquest_n or_o a_o acquisition_n by_o right_a of_o war_n which_o may_v have_v destroy_v the_o former_a law_n so_o much_o as_o a_o violent_a recover_n of_o the_o kingdom_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o rebel_n which_o withstand_v the_o duke_n pretence_n of_o a_o lawful_a title_n claim_v by_o the_o confessor_n adoption_n or_o designation_n of_o he_o for_o his_o successor_n his_o nearness_n of_o blood_n on_o the_o mother_n side_n not_o a_o little_a also_o aid_v such_o a_o pretence_n to_o a_o crown_n for_o the_o confessor_n mother_n emme_n be_v sister_n to_o richard_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o normandy_n to_o who_o william_n be_v grandchild_n and_o heir_n but_o these_o be_v only_o specious_a title_n and_o perhaps_o examine_v curious_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n enough_o and_o howsoever_o his_o conscience_n so_o move_v he_o at_o his_o death_n that_o he_o profess_v he_o have_v get_v cadonensis_n get_v historia_fw-la cadonensis_n england_n only_o by_o blood_n and_o the_o sword_n yet_o also_o by_o express_a declaration_n in_o some_o of_o his_o patent_n he_o before_o pretend_v his_o right_n from_o the_o confessor_n gift_n 104._o gift_n chart._n eccl_n s_o westm_n in_o inspex_fw-la part_n 7._o 1._o ed._n 4._o m._n 26._o &_o vid._n camb._n pag._n 104._o in_o ore_fw-la gladii_fw-la say_v he_o regnum_fw-la adeptus_fw-la sum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la devicto_fw-la haraldo_n rege_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la complicibus_fw-la qui_fw-la mihi_fw-la regnum_fw-la cum_fw-la providentia_fw-la dei_fw-la destinatum_fw-la &_o beneficio_fw-la concessionis_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la gloriosi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la concessum_fw-la conati_fw-la sunt_fw-la auferre_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o story_n common_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o confessor_n successionem_fw-la angliae_fw-la ei_fw-la dedit_fw-la and_o although_o harold_n also_o pretend_v a_o devise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o himself_o make_v by_o the_o confessor_n in_o extremis_fw-la and_o urge_v also_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o augustine_n come_n hither_o cotton_n hither_o ms._n sive_fw-la author_n guil._n pictav_n sive_fw-la quis_fw-la alius_fw-la sit_v in_o bibl._n cotton_n donationem_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la sine_fw-la quis_fw-la fecerit_fw-la eam_fw-la ratam_fw-la haberi_fw-la and_o that_o the_o former_a gift_n to_o the_o norman_a and_o his_o own_o oath_n for_o establishment_n of_o it_o be_v not_o of_o force_n because_o they_o be_v make_v londin_n make_v malmesb._n lib._n 5._o de_fw-fr gest_n regum_fw-la p._n 56._o a._n aliâ—_n in_o will._n 1._o &_o videsis_n mat._n paris_n in_o hen._n 3._o p._n 1257._o edit_fw-la londin_n absque_fw-la generali_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n conventu_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la yet_o for_o his_o own_o part_n he_o be_v drive_v to_o put_v all_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o field_n and_o so_o lose_v it_o and_o the_o norman_a with_o his_o sword_n and_o pretence_n of_o the_o sufficiency_n and_o precedence_n of_o the_o gift_n make_v to_o himself_o get_v the_o crown_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v a_o lawful_a successor_n to_o the_o confessor_n and_o not_o a_o universal_a conqueror_n all_o this_o be_v plain_a out_o of_o the_o story_n and_o justify_v infallible_o by_o that_o of_o the_o title_n of_o many_o common_a person_n make_v to_o their_o possession_n in_o england_n after_o his_o kingdom_n settle_v upon_o the_o possession_n of_o themselves_o or_o their_o ancestor_n in_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n especial_o of_o the_o confessor_n but_o this_o be_v always_o in_o case_n where_o they_o by_o who_o possession_n the_o title_n be_v make_v have_v not_o incur_v forfeiture_n by_o rebellion_n many_o such_o title_n be_v clear_o allow_v in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n write_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n one_o especial_o be_v note_v by_o the_o most_o learned_a camden_n in_o his_o norfolk_n that_o as_o i_o remember_v be_v touch_v in_o doomsday_n also_o but_o enough_o other_o be_v disperse_v there_o which_o agree_v with_o it_o how_o can_v such_o title_n have_v hold_v if_o he_o have_v make_v a_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o england_n wherein_o a_o universal_a acquisition_n of_o all_o have_v be_v to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o no_o title_n can_v have_v be_v derive_v but_o only_o from_o or_o under_o he_o more_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o clear_v this_o but_o we_o add_v here_o only_o the_o judicious_a assertion_n of_o a_o great_a b._n great_a share_v in_o case_z in_o itin_n temp_n ed._n 3._o fol._n 143._o b._n lawyer_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n le_z conqueror_n say_v he_o ne_fw-fr vient_fw-fr pas_fw-fr pour_fw-fr ouster_n eux_fw-fr que_fw-fr avoient_fw-fr droiturell_n possession_n mes_fw-fr de_fw-fr ouster_n eux_fw-fr que_fw-fr de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr tort_fw-fr avoâ—ent_fw-fr occupy_v ascun_fw-fr terre_fw-fr en_fw-fr disheritance_n del_fw-it roy_n &_o son_n corone_n it_o be_v speak_v upon_o a_o objection_n make_v in_o a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la against_o the_o abbot_n of_o peterborough_n touch_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n edgar_n which_o the_o king_n council_n will_v have_v have_v void_a because_o by_o the_o conquest_n all_o franchise_n they_o say_v be_v devolve_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o the_o way_n for_o that_o of_o his_o nearness_n of_o blood_n which_o can_v not_o but_o aid_v his_o other_o pretend_a title_n let_v it_o not_o seem_v mere_o vain_a in_o regard_n of_o his_o be_v a_o bastard_n there_o be_v good_a pretence_n for_o the_o help_n of_o that_o defect_n also_o for_o although_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o i_o think_v of_o all_o other_o civil_a state_n at_o this_o day_n exclude_v bastard_n without_o a_o subsequent_a legitimation_n from_o inheritance_n yet_o by_o the_o old_a law_n use_v by_o his_o ancestor_n and_o countryman_n that_o be_v by_o those_o of_o norway_n a_o prince_n son_n get_v 347._o
which_o i_o can_v but_o mention_v and_o that_o be_v the_o inconsiderateness_n of_o those_o man_n who_o so_o mighty_o cry_v up_o the_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o william_n the_o first_o over_o the_o english_a as_o if_o they_o be_v utter_o break_v and_o crush_v and_o all_o their_o law_n and_o tustom_n destroy_v when_o as_o it_o be_v demonstrable_o juvabant_fw-la sim._n dunelm_n an._n 1088._o fâ—â—_n 214._o angli_fw-la eum_fw-la fideliter_fw-la juvabant_fw-la manifest_a that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o robert_n and_o his_o norman_n treason_n and_o conspiracy_n against_o william_n rufus_n then_o king_n and_o his_o brother_n to_o cut_v off_o he_o and_o make_v robert_n king_n in_o his_o room_n i_o say_v than_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o english_a be_v so_o great_a and_o powerful_a that_o it_o keep_v the_o crown_n upon_o rufus_n head_n maugre_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o norman_n who_o universal_o join_v with_o robert._n but_o sir_n now_o i_o will_v consider_v the_o import_n of_o your_o next_o question_n the_o three_o question_n iii_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o 43._o the_o anonimous_a author_n against_o mr._n petyt_n p._n 43._o english_a have_v neither_o estate_n nor_o fortune_n leave_v but_o all_o be_v divide_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o norman_n though_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o this_o first_o william_n obtain_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o have_v clear_o make_v it_o out_o to_o you_o sir_n that_o it_o be_v by_o a_o reception_n upon_o term_n and_o not_o by_o right_a of_o conquest_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o obvious_a that_o the_o law_n in_o general_a which_o be_v after_o such_o his_o acquisition_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v and_o which_o continue_v in_o full_a force_n and_o power_n be_v the_o old_a saxon_a law_n and_o though_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o he_o do_v introduce_v some_o new_a law_n of_o his_o own_o yet_o those_o quas_fw-la constituimus_fw-la you_o have_v hear_v be_v make_v ad_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la for_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o english_a without_o the_o least_o mention_n either_o of_o the_o french_a or_o norman_n and_o observable_a too_o it_o be_v that_o those_o law_n be_v make_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la lambard_n inter_fw-la leges_fw-la guâ—iel_n primi_fw-la fol._n 170._o do_v statut._n 55._o 1._o and_o if_o so_o sir_n i_z think_v this_o seem_v as_o one_o strong_a argument_n that_o the_o english_a can_v not_o have_v all_o their_o estate_n &_o fortune_n violent_o ravish_v from_o they_o nor_o the_o king_n and_o his_o norman_n at_o their_o come_n in_o can_v not_o absolute_o sweep_v away_o all_o the_o stake_n because_o the_o good_a old_a law_n be_v still_o in_o its_o full_a be_v and_o virtue_n 65._o virtue_n co._n 12._o report_n fol._n 65._o which_o be_v the_o metwand_n and_o mensure_n to_o try_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o 1157._o and_o in_o his_o first_o speech_n to_o his_o first_o parliament_n in_o engl._n stat._n 1._o jac._n c._n 2._o fol._n 1157._o by_o which_o say_v the_o wife_n king_n james_n the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v and_o which_o also_o be_v 28._o be_v k._n charl._n 1._o declaration_n to_o all_o his_o doring_n subject_n publish_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o privy_a council_n exact_v collect._n etc._n etc._n p_o 28._o the_o inheritance_n of_o every_o subject_a and_o the_o only_a security_n he_o can_v have_v for_o his_o life_n or_o estate_n and_o then_o they_o can_v not_o lose_v all_o they_o have_v at_o this_o rate_n but_o it_o must_v be_v by_o a_o manifest_a wrong_n to_o the_o privilege_n as_o well_o as_o well-being_n of_o the_o people_n and_o no_o doubt_n if_o the_o law_n have_v its_o due_a course_n as_o i_o have_v make_v that_o plain_a it_o have_v but_o that_o their_o native_a right_n be_v easy_o recoverable_a and_o the_o ravage_v norman_n can_v not_o keep_v they_o in_o spite_n of_o all_o justice_n for_o that_o be_v a_o total_a abolish_n of_o the_o law._n 2._o but_o in_o the_o next_o place_n sir_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o i_o shall_v convince_v you_o that_o the_o english_a at_o least_o those_o who_o live_v in_o peace_n before_o and_o at_o his_o come_n to_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a throne_n do_v quiet_o and_o peaceable_o enjoy_v their_o inheritance_n and_o their_o title_n and_o claim_n to_o they_o from_o their_o saxon_a ancestor_n be_v hold_v good_a and_o allow_v which_o to_o be_v sure_a they_o never_o can_v have_v do_v have_v this_o kingdom_n receive_v such_o a_o universal_a change_n and_o revolution_n as_o so_o many_o of_o our_o late_a learned_a author_n will_v needs_o have_v we_o firm_o to_o believe_v say_v sir_n richard_n baker_n in_o his_o chronicle_n 23._o sir_n ric._n baker_n baker_n s_z chronic._n fol._n 23._o of_o this_o king_n life_n and_o reign_n though_o he_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o conqueror_n yet_o he_o use_v not_o the_o kingdom_n as_o get_v by_o conquest_n for_o he_o take_v no_o man_n live_v from_o he_o nor_o dispossess_v any_o of_o their_o good_n but_o such_o only_a who_o demerit_n make_v they_o unworthy_a to_o hold_v they_o as_o appear_v by_o his_o act_n to_o one_o warren_n a_o norman_a to_o who_o he_o have_v give_v the_o castle_n of_o sherborne_n in_o norfolk_n the_o story_n be_v faithful_o this_o as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o cambden_n britannia_fw-la the_o king_n it_o seem_v have_v give_v away_o sherborne_n to_o warren_n a_o norman_a and_o one_o that_o be_v his_o great_a favourite_n which_o edwinus_fw-la de_fw-fr sherborne_n perceive_v who_o be_v the_o true_a owner_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o a_o english_a man_n demand_n before_o the_o king_n his_o right_n in_o open_a court_n tell_v he_o it_o do_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la belong_v to_o he_o upon_o this_o reason_n of_o law_n for_o that_o he_o never_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n either_o before_o his_o come_n in_o or_o 24._o mr._n petyt_v petyt_v be_v ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n assert_v pref._n p._n 24._o since_o whereupon_o the_o king_n vinculo_fw-la juramenti_fw-la astrictus_fw-la give_v judgement_n of_o right_n against_o the_o norman_a and_o sherborne_n recover_v the_o lordship_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n tell_v you_o the_o story_n which_o he_o have_v take_v out_o of_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n concern_v the_o family_n of_o the_o sharborns_n thus_o edwinus_fw-la 184._o spelm._n gloss_n verbo_fw-la drench_n p._n 184._o de_fw-fr sharborne_n &_o quidam_fw-la alii_fw-la qui_fw-la ejecti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la è_fw-la terris_fw-la suis_fw-la abierunt_fw-la ad_fw-la conquestorem_fw-la &_o dixerunt_fw-la ei_fw-la quod_fw-la nunquam_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la svo_fw-la nec_fw-la post_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la contra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la in_o consilio_fw-la &_o auxilio_fw-la sed_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la se_fw-la in_o pace_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la parati_fw-la sunt_fw-la probare_fw-la quomodo_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la vellet_fw-la ordinare_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la fecit_fw-la inquiri_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la si_fw-la ita_fw-la fuit_fw-la quod_fw-la quidem_fw-la probatum_fw-la fuit_fw-la propter_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la praecepit_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la qui_fw-la sic_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la se_fw-la in_o pace_n in_o forma_fw-la praedicta_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la rehaberent_fw-la omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o donationes_fw-la svas_fw-la adeo_fw-la integrè_fw-la &_o in_fw-la pace_fw-la ut_fw-la unquam_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la vel_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la suum_fw-la that_o be_v edwin_n of_o sharborn_n and_o several_a other_o that_o be_v eject_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n go_v to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o never_o either_o before_o or_o in_o or_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v against_o he_o the_o say_a king_n either_o by_o their_o advice_n or_o any_o other_o aid_n but_o keep_v themselves_o peaceable_o and_o quiet_o and_o this_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v out_o which_o way_n soever_o the_o king_n please_v to_o appoint_v whereupon_o the_o say_a king_n order_v a_o inquisition_n to_o be_v make_v throughout_o all_o england_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o no_o which_o be_v plain_o prove_v therefore_o he_o present_o command_v that_o all_o those_o who_o so_o keep_v themselves_o peaceable_o in_o manner_n aforesaid_a as_o these_o have_v do_v shall_v be_v repossess_v of_o all_o their_o estate_n and_o inheritance_n as_o full_o ample_o and_o quiet_o as_o ever_o they_o have_v or_o hold_v they_o before_o his_o conquest_n this_o be_v a_o case_n so_o full_a to_o the_o point_n and_o so_o plain_a to_o every_o common_a understanding_n in_o its_o self_n that_o it_o will_v be_v frivolous_a to_o make_v any_o deduction_n from_o it_o i_o shall_v presume_v to_o repeat_v to_o you_o the_o word_n of_o a_o great_a and_o learned_a judge_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o
descriptio_fw-la nobilissimae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la londoniae_n in_o stow_n stow_n s_o survey_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 704._o de_fw-la situ_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n in_o his_o description_n of_o it_o have_v these_o word_n inter_fw-la nobiles_fw-la urbes_fw-la orbis_n quas_fw-la fama_fw-la celebrat_fw-la civitas_n londonia_n regni_fw-la anglorum_fw-la sedes_fw-la una_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la famam_fw-la svi_fw-la latiùs_fw-la diffundit_fw-la opes_fw-la &_o merces_fw-la longiùs_fw-la transmittit_fw-la caput_fw-la altius_fw-la extollit_fw-la foelix_fw-la est_fw-la aëris_fw-la salubritate_fw-la christianâ_fw-la religione_fw-la firmitate_fw-la munitionum_fw-la naturâ_fw-la sitûs_fw-la honore_fw-la civium_fw-la pudicitiâ_fw-la matronali_fw-la ludis_fw-la etiám_fw-la quà m_fw-la jucunda_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la foecunda_fw-la virorum_fw-la vrbs_fw-la ista_fw-la viris_fw-la est_fw-la honorata_fw-la armis_fw-la decorata_fw-la 705._o id._n fol._n 705._o multo_fw-la habitatore_fw-la populosa_fw-la ut_fw-la tempore_fw-la bellicae_fw-la cladis_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la stephano_n bello_fw-la apti_fw-la ex_fw-la eâ—_n exeuntes_fw-la ostentatui_fw-la haberentur_fw-la 20000_o armatorum_fw-la equitum_fw-la 60_o mille_fw-la peditum_fw-la aestimarentur_fw-la cives_fw-la londoniae_n ubicunque_fw-la locorum_fw-la prae_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la civibus_fw-la ornatu_fw-la morum_fw-la vestium_fw-la &_o mensie_n locutione_n spectabiles_fw-la &_o noti_fw-la habentur_fw-la which_o in_o english_a be_v thus_o of_o all_o the_o celebrate_a city_n in_o the_o world_n this_o of_o london_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o england_n a_o city_n of_o a_o very_a extensive_a fame_n in_o its_o self_n but_o much_o more_o honourable_a by_o the_o native_a treasure_n and_o commodity_n which_o she_o export_v happy_a be_v she_o in_o the_o temperature_n of_o her_o climate_n in_o the_o soundness_n of_o her_o doctrine_n strength_n of_o her_o fort_n agreeableness_n of_o her_o situation_n in_o the_o credit_n and_o reputation_n of_o her_o citizen_n the_o unblemished_a chastity_n of_o the_o female_a sex_n innocent_o pleasant_a even_o in_o her_o recreation_n and_o honour_v with_o a_o numerous_a train_n of_o nobility_n the_o grandeur_n of_o this_o city_n chief_o consist_v in_o the_o properness_n and_o valour_n of_o her_o man_n in_o the_o bravery_n of_o her_o armour_n the_o multitude_n of_o her_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o in_o the_o fatal_a war_n in_o king_n stephen_n reign_n there_o appear_v on_o a_o muster_n 20000_o horse_n and_o 60000_o foot_n all_o arm_a soldier_n the_o citizen_n of_o london_n be_v know_v and_o esteem_v beyond_o all_o other_o person_n wheresoever_o they_o travel_v for_o their_o gentile_a deportment_n their_o good_a apparel_n their_o table_n and_o discourse_n so_o that_o we_o see_v from_o hence_o that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n who_o be_v nephew_n to_o king_n william_n the_o first_o from_o who_o death_n to_o king_n stephen_n reign_n there_o be_v not_o fifty_o year_n the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v very_o great_a and_o powerful_a but_o have_v the_o english_a citizen_n be_v all_o destroy_v and_o have_v all_o their_o estate_n and_o fortune_n be_v as_o be_v so_o positive_o affirm_v take_v away_o from_o they_o by_o william_n the_o first_o it_o have_v be_v impossible_a in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n for_o they_o to_o have_v rise_v again_o to_o that_o degree_n of_o fame_n and_o renown_n through_o all_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o historian_n who_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o it_o so_o credible_o assure_v we_o my_o next_o design_n be_v to_o show_v you_o that_o from_o the_o general_n direction_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o charter_n in_o king_n william_n the_o first_o his_o time_n it_o be_v plain_o demonstrable_a that_o william_n the_o pretend_a conqueror_n do_v not_o divide_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n among_o his_o norman_a follower_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o 196._o dugdal_n hist_o of_o st._n paul_n in_o the_o appendix_n fol._n 196._o 1._o w._n ce_a great_a osmund_n bisceoþ_n of_o hearbyrig_n &_o rob._n of_o eli._n &_o piedres_n of_o valloniis_fw-la &_o ealle_fw-la his_o scirgerevan_fw-mi &_o his_o holdan_n frencisce_n &_o englisce_n frendlisce_fw-mi frendlisce_fw-mi id_fw-la est_fw-la 1._o w._n rex_fw-la saluto_n osmundum_n episcopum_fw-la french._n nota_fw-la here_o be_v english_a sheriff_n and_o other_o english_a officer_n as_o well_o as_o french._n saresburiensem_fw-la &_o robertum_fw-la de_fw-la ely_n &_o petrum_fw-la de_fw-la valoniis_fw-la omnesque_fw-la praefectos_fw-la suos_fw-la et_fw-la fideles_fw-la frances_n et_fw-fr anglos_n amicè_fw-la 2._o willem_n 1._o chart._n antiq._n 1._o ce_a great_a mine_n b'peâ—_n &_o mind_n eorles_n &_o ealle_a mind_n degnes_fw-la freneisse_v &_o englisce_n willem_n great_a mine_n bishop_n and_o thanus_n here_o be_v engl._n thain_n thani_fw-la appellatione_fw-la viri_fw-la interdum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la interdum_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la interdum_fw-la magistratus_fw-la atque_fw-la saepenumero_fw-la ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la gloss_n in_o fin_n lambard_n de_fw-fr pris_fw-fr angl._n leg_n fol._n 223._o col._n 1._o tic_o thanus_n mind_n eorles_n and_o ealle_a mind_n thegnes_fw-la freneisse_n and_o englisce_n 3._o w._n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la o._n episcopo_fw-la 185._o monast_n angl._n vol._n 1._o foe_n 185._o sarisburiensi_fw-la et_fw-la l._n abbati_n glastoniensi_fw-la et_fw-la a_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la omnibusque_fw-la baronibus_fw-la francigenis_n et_fw-la anglis_fw-la de_fw-fr sumerseta_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr wiltunscire_fw-la salutem_fw-la 4._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la â—_o id._n fol._n 397._o â—_o t._n eboraci_fw-la et_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la et_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la et_fw-la omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n et_fw-la anglis_fw-la de_fw-fr ebocacistire_fw-la et_fw-fr de_fw-fr carleoli_n salutem_fw-la 5._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la walterio_n 29._o id._n fol._n 29._o vicecomiti_fw-la et_fw-la omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la franeigenis_n et_fw-la anglis_fw-la de_fw-fr comitatu_fw-la de_fw-fr glocestre_fw-fr salutem_fw-la 6._o willielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ibid._n id._n ibid._n fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francigenis_n et_fw-la anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la 7._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la episcopo_fw-la ibid._n id._n ibid._n de_fw-la suthsexa_fw-la et_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la et_fw-la caeteris_fw-la baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francigenis_n et_fw-la anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la 8._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la g._n vicecom_v vicecom_v 845._o id._n vol._n 2._o foe_n 845._o et_fw-la baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-fr de_fw-fr caerleil_n salutem_fw-la 9_o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la thomae_fw-la 845._o id._n fol._n 845._o archiepiscopo_fw-la et_fw-la bertramo_n de_fw-fr verdun_n et_fw-la baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n et_fw-la anglis_fw-la de_fw-fr everwicscire_fw-la salutem_fw-la 10._o henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n n_o cart._n antiq._n n_o episcopo_fw-la london_n et_fw-fr vic'_fw-fr et_fw-fr praeposito_fw-la et_fw-la omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la et_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n et_fw-la anglis_fw-la de_fw-fr london_n et_fw-fr middlesex_n salutem_fw-la 11._o henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la vic'_fw-la et_fw-la ibid._n id._n ibid._n baronibus_fw-la london_n 12._o henricus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la 197._o dugdal_n hist_o of_o st._n paul_n in_o the_o appendix_n fol._n 197._o archiepiscopis_fw-la et_fw-la episcopis_fw-la et_fw-la comitibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la et_fw-la hugoni_n de_fw-fr boclande_n et_fw-la omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o sidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n et_fw-la anglis_fw-la de_fw-fr lundonia_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr middlesexa_fw-la et_fw-la de_fw-la tota_fw-la anglia_fw-it salutem_fw-la by_o these_o writ_n and_o charter_n sir_n though_o many_o more_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n may_v easy_o be_v give_v i_o think_v with_o submission_n my_o argument_n be_v firm_o maintain_v and_o the_o plain_a english_a of_o they_o all_o be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o in_o william_n the_o first_o be_v time_n there_o be_v english_a baron_n as_o well_o as_o french_a baron_n in_o somersetshire_n and_o wiltshire_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o carlisle_n in_o gloucestershire_n and_o in_o sussex_n and_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o charter_n be_v equal_o give_v to_o they_o both_o without_o any_o difference_n of_o power_n or_o authority_n mention_v otherwise_o than_o that_o the_o french_a baron_n have_v the_o precedency_n of_o the_o english_a in_o those_o writ_n and_o charter_n 151._o charter_n as_o be_v assert_v by_o the_o say_v anonymous_n author_n against_o mr._n petyt_n p._n 151._o with_o what_o force_n of_o truth_n than_o can_v it_o be_v defend_v that_o the_o norman_a nobility_n be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o only_a nobility_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o world._n but_o i_o pray_v now_o hear_v two_o branch_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o great_a charter_n which_o he_o grant_v to_o the_o english_a and_o they_o run_v thus_o 1._o volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la 55._o apud_fw-la cl._n lambard_n ll._n will._n prim_fw-la fol._n 170._o c._n 55._o &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o possessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n liberè_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusta_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la
between_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o this_o same_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n be_v here_o judicial_o determine_v and_o 4._o if_o there_o be_v no_o english_a man_n in_o this_o great_a council_n how_o then_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o york_n and_o london_n be_v there_o who_o certain_o be_v bishop_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o it_o may_v also_o seem_v not_o improbable_a that_o there_o be_v then_o a_o universal_a consent_n among_o they_o that_o these_o two_o bishop_n shall_v be_v entrust_v to_o write_v down_o for_o they_o the_o english_a law_n 5._o and_o there_o be_v one_o great_a thing_n more_o to_o close_v withal_o which_o be_v that_o at_o this_o parliament_n when_o the_o saxon_a law_n be_v confirm_v there_o be_v a_o particular_a law_n pass_v 170._o carta_n regis_fw-la wil._n ielm_n apud_fw-la lambard_n c._n 54._o fol._n 170._o in_o favour_n of_o the_o norman_n qui_fw-la ante_fw-la adventum_fw-la guilielmi_n cives_fw-la fuerant_fw-la anglicani_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v participes_fw-la consuetudinum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la dicunt_fw-la anhlote_n &_o anscote_n &_o persolvant_fw-la secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n anhlote_n 31._o sir_n h._n spelm._n gloss_n verbo_fw-la anhlote_n f._n 31._o and_o anscote_n as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n inform_v we_o be_v vulgò_fw-la scot_n &_o lot_n that_o be_v that_o every_o such_o french_a man_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v with_o double_a tax_n and_o duty_n as_o a_o foreigner_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v pay_v his_o easy_a share_n and_o proportion_n as_o any_o natural_a english_a man._n but_o then_o ii_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o grand_a assembly_n of_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o lanfranc_n be_v elect_v to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n for_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o prelate_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a people_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n this_o likewise_o be_v about_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o a_o ancient_a historian_n write_v thus_o of_o 5._o gervas_n dorobernens_fw-la act._n pont._n cant._n fol._n 1653_o l._n 5._o his_o election_n eligentibus_fw-la eum_fw-la senioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la ac_fw-la principibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_fw-la curia_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o asumptione_n sanctae_fw-la mariae_fw-la but_o another_o contemporary_a writer_n give_v it_o you_o in_o these_o word_n 194._o relat._n willielm_n prim_fw-la ad_fw-la finem_fw-la tract_n de_fw-fr gavelkind_n à _fw-fr syla_n taylor_n p._n 194._o rex_n mitten_n propter_fw-la illum_fw-la in_o normanniam_fw-la fecit_fw-la eum_fw-la venire_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la eique_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o auxilio_fw-la omnium_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omniumque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la totiusque_fw-la populi_n angliae_fw-la commisit_fw-la ei_fw-la dorobernensem_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la iii_o there_o be_v another_o general_a 16._o exit_fw-la cartulario_n coenobii_fw-la westmonasteriensis_n in_o biblioth_n cotton_n sub_fw-la effigy_n faustinae_fw-la a._n 3._o dugdal_n orig._n juridic_n sol_fw-it 16._o council_n or_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o this_o king_n where_o by_o his_o charter_n he_o confirm_v the_o liberty_n of_o that_o church_n after_o he_o have_v subscribe_v his_o own_o name_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n add_v many_o of_o the_o great_a clergy_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n and_o instead_o of_o cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la say_v multis_fw-la praeterea_fw-la illustrissimis_fw-la virorum_fw-la personis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la omissis_fw-la qui_fw-la similitèr_fw-la huic_fw-la confirmationi_fw-la piissimo_fw-la affectu_fw-la testes_fw-la &_o fautores_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la hii_n autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempore_fw-la à _fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la 471._o provincia_n i._n e._n comitatus_fw-la seld._n tit._n hon_n fol._n 273._o spelm._n gloss_n tit._n provincia_n f._n 471._o diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la vniversalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiae_fw-la audiendis_fw-la &_o tractandis_fw-la ad_fw-la praescriptam_fw-la celeberrimam_fw-la gloss_n parliamentum_fw-la synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la somneri_fw-la gloss_n synodum_fw-la quod_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la convocati_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o book_n there_o be_v write_v this_o remark_n nota_fw-la hic_fw-la hos_fw-la omnes_fw-la convocari_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la suâ_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la ad_fw-la causas_fw-la religionis_fw-la tractandas_fw-la tà m_fw-la nobiles_fw-la de_fw-la clero_fw-la quà m_fw-la principes_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la inferioris_fw-la gradus_fw-la convocatio_fw-la quorum_fw-la videtur_fw-la esse_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la iv_o i_o think_v by_o the_o general_a direction_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o this_o king_n as_o also_o by_o that_o of_o his_o charter_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v give_v you_o in_o my_o argument_n to_o your_o three_o question_n and_o therefore_o shall_v refer_v you_o back_o to_o they_o it_o be_v plain_o demonstrable_a that_o william_n have_v as_o well_v english_a baron_n as_o french_a baron_n and_o that_o his_o baron_n be_v always_o a_o part_n of_o his_o great_a council_n will_v hardly_o i_o suppose_v be_v deny_v by_o any_o and_o that_o one_o law_n of_o he_o which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o first_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o the_o norman_a time_n by_o which_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o from_o the_o free_a man_n of_o this_o kingdom_n nothing_o but_o their_o free_a service_n due_a to_o he_o according_a to_o law_n in_o the_o conclusion_n say_v that_o they_o to_o wit_n the_o english_a 55._o ll._n guilielm_n c._n 55._o shall_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o tallage_n and_o this_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o can_v be_v restrain_v to_o the_o norman_a baron_n only_o so_o that_o herein_o be_v assert_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o english_a freeman_n and_o of_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o i_o think_v be_v uncontrovertible_a proof_n and_o evidence_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o this_o first_o william_n time._n 2._o that_o in_o these_o parliament_n the_o english_a baron_n as_o well_o as_o the_o french_a baron_n be_v present_a 3._o and_o last_o that_o there_o likewise_o be_v as_o a_o essential_a part_n thereof_o 1._o the_o communitas_fw-la anglorum_fw-la the_o community_n of_o englishman_n 2._o beside_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobility_n there_o be_v the_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o people_n of_o england_n and_o 3._o not_o only_o the_o great_a clergy_n and_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n but_o the_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la a_o regià _fw-la potestate_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la vniversalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la convocati_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a rank_n and_o degree_n in_o condition_n be_v summon_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n be_v write_v out_o of_o their_o several_a respective_a county_n city_n and_o burrough_n to_o this_o general_n synod_n or_o parliament_n and_o sir_n if_o this_o be_v so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o both_o yourself_o and_o all_o judicious_a and_o unbiased_a person_n who_o have_v not_o resolve_v to_o espouse_v a_o party_n and_o who_o will_v not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v draw_v aside_o by_o any_o novel_a unwarrantable_a opinion_n but_o will_v fair_o submit_v their_o judgement_n to_o clear_v and_o perspicuous_a truth_n when_o once_o it_o manifest_o appear_v i_o say_v both_o you_o and_o they_o will_v certain_o rest_v satisfy_v in_o these_o great_a and_o powerful_a authority_n which_o i_o have_v here_o present_v to_o public_a view_n and_o serious_a consideration_n and_o i_o think_v these_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o and_o prove_v that_o 1._o william_n the_o first_o vulgar_o call_v the_o conqueror_n do_v not_o get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n by_o the_o sword_n nor_o make_v a_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o his_o first_o entrance_n 2._o nor_o that_o he_o abolish_v all_o the_o english_a law_n or_o change_v the_o whole_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n but_o 3._o that_o the_o english_a have_v still_o estate_n and_o fortune_n continue_v to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n in_o any_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o norman_n divide_v and_o share_v they_o all_o among_o they_o as_o likewise_o 4._o in_o the_o four_o place_n it_o have_v be_v a_o grand_a error_n to_o ascertain_v that_o there_o be_v no_o english_a man_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n now_o sir_n as_o a_o corroborate_n testimony_n to_o explain_v and_o enforce_v what_o i_o already_o have_v say_v i_o shall_v conclude_v my_o discourse_n at_o present_a with_o a_o very_a memorable_a and_o study_a speech_n of_o a_o
there_o be_v yet_o extant_a the_o manuscript_n themselves_o of_o the_o saxon_a law_n make_v in_o the_o parliamentary_a council_n hold_v by_o they_o here_o which_o be_v in_o the_o language_n and_o character_n of_o those_o time_n and_o contain_v in_o they_o many_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o the_o norman_a custumary_n it_o be_v no_o improbable_a opinion_n that_o there_o be_v a_o former_a establishment_n of_o our_o law_n in_o normandy_n before_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o as_o all_o writer_n of_o our_o history_n agree_v be_v a_o great_a collector_n and_o compiler_n of_o our_o english_a law_n he_o live_v a_o long_a time_n with_o his_o kinsman_n duke_n william_n in_o normandy_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o please_v the_o confessor_n in_o hope_n to_o be_v appoint_v by_o he_o to_o be_v his_o successor_n wherein_o the_o duke_n expectation_n do_v not_o fail_v he_o the_o confessor_n have_v no_o child_n and_o find_v normandy_n without_o a_o settle_a government_n and_o want_v law_n advise_v with_o his_o kinsman_n duke_n william_n to_o receive_v from_o he_o the_o law_n of_o england_n which_o he_o have_v collect_v and_o to_o establish_v they_o in_o normandy_n which_o duke_n william_n and_o his_o lord_n ready_o accept_v for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o people_n and_o thereby_o oblige_v the_o confessor_n another_o proof_n hereof_o be_v that_o such_o law_n as_o the_o norman_n have_v before_o the_o time_n of_o duke_n william_n be_v different_a from_o those_o in_o the_o custumary_n and_o from_o the_o english_a law_n as_o their_o law_n that_o the_o husband_n shall_v be_v hang_v if_o his_o wife_n be_v a_o thief_n and_o he_o do_v not_o discover_v it_o the_o mean_a people_n be_v as_o slave_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o trial_n of_o theft_n by_o ordeil_n which_o then_o be_v not_o in_o england_n wigorniensis_fw-la report_n that_o the_o norman_n who_o come_v in_o with_o queen_n emma_n the_o wife_n of_o ethelred_n be_v so_o hate_v of_o the_o english_a for_o their_o injustice_n and_o false_a judgement_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n canutus_n they_o be_v for_o this_o cause_n banish_v and_o it_o be_v the_o less_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v so_o unjust_a themselves_o shall_v introduce_v so_o just_a law_n as_o we_o be_v between_o the_o conquest_n of_o normandy_n by_o rosâ—o_n and_o the_o invasion_n of_o england_n by_o duke_n william_n there_o be_v not_o above_o 160_o year_n that_o of_o normandy_n be_v about_o anno_fw-la 912._o that_o of_o england_n anno_fw-la 1060._o it_o be_v not_o then_o consonant_a to_o reason_n that_o those_o norman_n pagan_n a_o rough_a martial_a people_n descend_v from_o so_o many_o barbarous_a nation_n shall_v in_o the_o time_n of_o 150_o year_n establish_v such_o excellent_a law_n among_o themselves_o and_o so_o different_a from_o the_o french_a law_n among_o who_o they_o be_v and_o all_o part_n in_o the_o world_n except_o england_n and_o such_o law_n which_o be_v not_o only_o fit_a for_o their_o dukedom_n and_o small_a territory_n but_o fit_a also_o for_o this_o kingdom_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o second_o in_o europe_n for_o antiquity_n and_o worth_n by_o confession_n of_o most_o foreign_a historian_n if_o we_o will_v give_v credit_n to_o their_o own_o author_n this_o point_n will_v be_v sufficient_o evince_v by_o they_o these_o word_n be_v in_o the_o proem_n of_o the_o custumary_n which_o be_v entitle_v descriptio_fw-la normanniae_fw-la hucusque_fw-la normannicae_fw-la consvetudines_fw-la latorem_fw-la sive_fw-la datorem_fw-la sanctum_fw-la edwardum_fw-la angliae_fw-la regem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o same_o be_v witness_v by_o chronica_fw-la chronicorum_fw-la that_o st._n edward_n king_n of_o england_n give_v the_o law_n to_o the_o norman_n when_o he_o be_v long_o harbour_v there_o and_o that_o he_o make_v both_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o normandy_n appear_v sufficient_o by_o the_o conformity_n of_o they_o for_o which_o he_o cite_v several_a particular_n as_o of_o appeal_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n ad_fw-la probandum_fw-la aliquid_fw-la per_fw-la credentiam_fw-la duodecim_fw-la hominum_fw-la vicinorum_fw-la which_o he_o say_v remain_v in_o normandy_n to_o that_o day_n polydore_v forget_v himself_o what_o he_o write_v in_o another_o place_n say_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o that_o when_o a_o doubt_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o proposal_n of_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n to_o scotland_n that_o thereby_o england_n may_v in_o time_n be_v subject_a unto_o scotland_n the_o king_n answer_v no_o and_o that_o england_n as_o the_o great_a will_v draw_v it_o to_o scotland_n be_v the_o less_o and_o incorporate_v it_o to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o say_v the_o historian_n it_o do_v normandy_n though_o the_o owner_n thereof_o be_v conqueror_n of_o england_n and_o sir_n roger_n owen_n in_o his_o manuscript_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o our_o historian_n that_o live_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 200_o year_n immediate_o after_o the_o conquest_n which_o do_v describe_v our_o law_n to_o be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o norman_a custom_n introduce_v by_o the_o conqueror_n some_o of_o they_o and_o not_o improbable_o mention_v the_o alteration_n of_o some_o part_n of_o they_o and_o the_o bring_n in_o some_o norman_a custom_n effectual_a for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o peace_n there_o be_v yet_o behind_o the_o great_a argument_n most_o insist_v on_o and_o often_o urge_v by_o the_o gentleman_n of_o another_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o title_n of_o william_n who_o be_v call_v the_o conqueror_n from_o whence_o they_o conclude_v that_o by_o his_o conquest_n he_o change_v the_o law_n and_o government_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o that_o his_o successor_n reckon_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o reign_n from_o his_o conquest_n to_o this_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o posse_fw-la ad_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la argumentum_fw-la the_o conquer_a of_o the_o land_n be_v one_o thing_n the_o introduce_v of_o new_a law_n be_v another_o thing_n but_o there_o be_v direct_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o argument_n duke_n william_n never_o surnamed_n himself_o the_o conqueror_n nor_o be_v so_o call_v in_o his_o life-time_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o all_o the_o letter_n patent_n and_o deed_n that_o he_o make_v wherein_o he_o be_v call_v guilielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la dux_n etc._n etc._n never_o conquestor_n and_o our_o ancient_a historian_n give_v he_o the_o same_o title_n and_o not_o that_o of_o conqueror_n in_o the_o title_n of_o nubrigensis_n book_n he_o be_v surname_v william_n the_o bastard_n malmsbury_n call_v he_o william_n the_o first_o hoveden_n william_n the_o elder_a adam_n de_fw-fr monmoth_n say_v that_o 1._o ed._n 3._o this_o word_n conquest_n be_v find_v out_o to_o denote_v and_o distinguish_v the_o certain_a edward_n because_o two_o of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v predecessor_n to_o this_o king_n and_o to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o claim_v the_o crown_n as_o heir_n to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n but_o say_v he_o we_o call_v he_o the_o conqueror_n for_o that_o he_o overcome_v harold_n duke_n william_n himself_o claim_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n as_o successor_n and_o adopt_a heir_n of_o the_o confessor_n by_o his_o will_n and_o harold_n renounce_v of_o his_o title_n by_o oath_n the_o register_n of_o st._n alban_n matth._n paris_n and_o other_o attest_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n do_v homage_n to_o he_o as_o successor_n and_o he_o rely_v on_o they_o in_o his_o foreign_a war_n and_o the_o check_v give_v to_o he_o by_o the_o kentish_a man_n and_o the_o force_n gather_v by_o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n bring_v he_o to_o engage_v to_o confirm_v the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n and_o as_o his_o successor_n by_o legal_a right_n they_o admit_v he_o to_o be_v their_o king._n volaterus_n write_v that_o he_o be_v make_v heir_n to_o the_o confessor_n and_o be_v uncle_n to_o he_o another_o affirm_v that_o edward_n by_o his_o will_n leave_v england_n to_o he_o paulus_n aemilius_n and_o fulgasius_n be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n pope_n alexander_n the_o 11_o send_v he_o a_o banner_n as_o witness_v that_o with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n he_o may_v expel_v harold_n the_o tyrant_n because_o the_o crown_n be_v due_a to_o he_o by_o the_o confessor_n will_n and_o by_o harold_n oath_n agreeable_a hereunto_o be_v gemiticensis_n walsingham_n malmesbury_n huntingdon_n ingulphus_n paris_n pike_n wendover_n gaxton_n gisburn_n and_o other_o the_o ancient_a deed_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o be_v sometime_o in_o my_o custody_n do_v prove_v this_o king_n william_n in_o his_o charter_n to_o they_o set_v forth_o his_o own_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n thus_o beneficio_fw-la concessionis_fw-la &_o cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la gloriosi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la in_o his_o second_o charter_n date_v anno_fw-la 15._o of_o his_o reign_n he_o say_v in_o honour_n of_o king_n edward_n who_o make_v i_o