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nay_o the_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n which_o be_v so_o very_o considerable_a have_v be_v put_v under_o contribution_n by_o some_o cunning_a artifice_n or_o other_o as_o happen_v some_o year_n since_o about_o the_o name_v of_o a_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o bishopric_n be_v worth_a eight_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o will_v go_v further_o than_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n in_o england_n there_o be_v several_a that_o aspire_v a_o long_a while_n to_o this_o vacant_a dignity_n and_o every_o one_o solicit_v what_o friend_n he_o have_v at_o court_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o it_o but_o most_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o queen_n and_o beg_v of_o she_o though_o she_o have_v no_o authority_n of_o her_o own_o to_o intercede_v to_o the_o king_n in_o their_o behalf_n after_o a_o long_o debate_v the_o queen_n call_v the_o abbot_n malakowski_n aside_o who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o competitor_n and_o a_o rich_a man_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o though_o there_o 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as_o much_o ready_a cash_n by_o he_o as_o any_o prince_n in_o europe_n all_o which_o nevertheless_o the_o pole_n vow_v they_o will_v have_v back_o again_o when_o his_o son_n buy_v their_o vote_n to_o be_v king_n revenue_n the_o king_n crown-revenue_n be_v impost_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o upon_o the_o jew_n part_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o dantzick_n and_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o salt_n mine_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o place_n revenue_n the_o queen_n revenue_n consist_v either_o in_o a_o gift_n from_o the_o king_n her_o husband_n out_o of_o the_o royal_a revenue_n with_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n or_o in_o a_o annual_a pension_n allow_v she_o by_o the_o republic_n the_o gift_n from_o her_o husband_n serve_v also_o for_o her_o dower_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o pole_n what_o amount_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n reformation_n be_v the_o reversion_n only_o of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o
we_o in_o england_n but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o liberty_n we_o can_v not_o live_v together_o without_o cut_v one_o another_o throat_n since_o experience_n daily_o show_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a vigilancy_n of_o our_o officer_n the_o severity_n of_o our_o law_n the_o just_a rigour_n of_o our_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n and_o the_o punctual_a execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n and_o judgement_n the_o gallow_n and_o gibbet_n be_v more_o frequent_o visit_v here_o than_o even_o the_o prison_n be_v in_o poland_n occasion_v i_o fancy_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o pole_n be_v so_o quiet_a and_o good_a nature_a be_v because_o be_v bear_v free_a and_o live_v in_o a_o excessive_a liberty_n under_o no_o law_n nor_o arbitrary_a power_n there_o be_v nothing_o before_o they_o that_o can_v constrain_v their_o mind_n bridle_v their_o passion_n or_o curb_v their_o thought_n but_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v entice_v they_o to_o do_v ill_a so_o nothing_o likewise_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o do_v it_o enslave_v dr._n connor_n say_v he_o have_v ask_v some_o polish_v nobleman_n why_o they_o so_o inhumane_o treat_v and_o undervalue_v their_o boor_n they_o answer_v that_o former_o all_o the_o boor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n revolt_v from_o their_o landlord_n rebel_v against_o they_o as_o the_o swisser_n do_v against_o their_o gentry_n and_o conspire_v together_o to_o extirpate_v and_o destroy_v they_o all_o that_o they_o murder_v and_o kill_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o gentleman_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v oblige_v either_o to_o hide_v themselves_o or_o to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o at_o length_n the_o gentry_n get_v together_o from_o all_o part_n and_o be_v moreover_o assist_v by_o their_o neighbour_n they_o so_o fright_v and_o defeat_v the_o poor_a peasant_n who_o have_v make_v a_o general_a insurrection_n against_o they_o to_o set_v up_o a_o commonwealth_n of_o their_o own_o that_o they_o bring_v they_o to_o such_o 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adoration_n their_o slave_n love_v they_o and_o fight_v willing_o for_o they_o and_o all_o they_o have_v be_v absolute_o at_o their_o devotion_n nay_o though_o they_o debauch_v their_o wife_n and_o daughter_n yet_o they_o only_o care_v to_o obtain_v their_o liberty_n by_o it_o and_o this_o be_v so_o common_a a_o thing_n among_o these_o poor_a wretch_n that_o they_o never_o value_v their_o woman_n the_o less_o for_o it_o nor_o think_v themselves_o a_o whit_n either_o injure_v or_o dishonour_v by_o it_o condition_n the_o condition_n of_o the_o kmeton_n as_o the_o pole_n call_v they_o or_o boor_n or_o rustic_n at_o this_o day_n in_o poland_n be_v such_o that_o they_o lead_v miserable_a and_o wretched_a life_n haviug_v no_o law_n no_o judge_n and_o scarce_o any_o religion_n among_o they_o but_o like_o brute_n they_o be_v force_v to_o work_n on_o sunday_n and_o dare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o appeal_v to_o the_o king_n or_o diet_n for_o redress_v however_o in_o royal_a prussia_n their_o condition_n be_v something_o better_o for_o there_o they_o enjoy_v almost_o the_o same_o law_n and_o liberty_n with_o the_o gentry_n former_o casimir_n the_o great_a make_v several_a law_n in_o their_o behalf_n but_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o practise_v all_o bishop_n abbot_n palatine_n castellan_n etc._n etc._n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v of_o the_o nobless_v except_o a_o certain_a number_n assign_v by_o king_n john_n albert_n out_o of_o the_o plebeian_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v inferior_a divine_n lawyer_n or_o physician_n only_o a_o exception_n from_o this_o law_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o person_n of_o peter_n gamratus_n who_o from_o a_o plebeian_n be_v prefer_v by_o sigismond_n to_o several_a both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a dignity_n but_o in_o prussia_n as_o i_o have_v remark_v before_o the_o custom_n be_v much_o more_o indulgent_a to_o the_o common_a people_n lord_n as_o i_o have_v hint_v before_o to_o your_o lordship_n a_o gentleman_n revenue_n in_o poland_n partly_o consist_v in_o his_o slave_n for_o he_o can_v well_o be_v esteem_v rich_a unless_o he_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o poor_a creature_n under_o his_o power_n whereof_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o but_o earn_v their_o lord_n a_o 100_o frank_n a_o year_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a therefore_o to_o observe_v here_o the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o these_o poor_a wretch_n and_o it_o may_v first_o be_v remark_v that_o these_o slave_n can_v enjoy_v nothing_o of_o their_o own_o nor_o ever_o become_v free_a unless_o they_o can_v get_v into_o some_o convent_n or_o get_v to_o be_v ordain_v priest_n or_o else_o incline_v their_o master_n to_o debauch_v their_o wife_n or_o daughter_n whereby_o the_o law_n set_v they_o free_a but_o most_o common_o their_o lord_n have_v a_o watchful_a eye_n over_o they_o and_o obviate_v all_o their_o policy_n farm_n these_o lord_n never_o let_v their_o land_n to_o farm_n but_o to_o establish_v a_o peasant_n on_o they_o they_o forthwith_o order_v the_o other_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n to_o build_v he_o a_o house_n furnish_v he_o with_o a_o cow_n hen_n goose_n and_o a_o quantity_n of_o rye_n sufficient_a to_o keep_v he_o a_o year_n so_o that_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o village_n be_v at_o no_o other_o charge_n to_o set_v up_o a_o slave_n on_o his_o land_n than_o he_o first_o cost_v he_o thereto_o these_o poor_a slave_n or_o subject_n as_o they_o call_v they_o most_o common_o work_v three_o day_n in_o a_o week_n for_o their_o lord_n to_o one_o for_o themselves_o and_o sometime_o four_o dr._n connor_n say_v in_o his_o time_n a_o countryman_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o forward_o his_o son_n in_o learning_n and_o will_v have_v send_v he_o to_o the_o university_n but_o which_o the_o signior_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n condescend_v to_o and_o put_v the_o son_n in_o prison_n for_o refuse_v to_o be_v his_o secretary_n till_o at_o last_o the_o father_n be_v force_v to_o purchase_v his_o liberty_n at_o the_o expense_n of_o 400_o crown_n which_o he_o have_v borrow_v when_o a_o lord_n sell_v his_o land_n the_o slave_n common_o go_v along_o with_o it_o though_o he_o can_v dispose_v of_o either_o separately_z if_o he_o please_v corn._n at_o the_o time_n of_o harvest_n all_o the_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n meet_v together_o to_o reap_v their_o lord_n corn_n who_o be_v supervise_v and_o force_v to_o work_n by_o very_o rigid_a taskmaster_n their_o punishment_n be_v sometime_o several_a blow_v of_o a_o cudgel_n and_o sometime_o a_o kind_n of_o pillory_n wherein_o those_o wretch_n shall_v be_v sometime_o set_v for_o a_o whole_a day_n together_o i_o shall_v think_v now_o these_o poor_a wretch_n the_o most_o miserable_a creature_n breathe_v but_o they_o on_o the_o contrary_a never_o have_v know_v any_o better_a condition_n and_o have_v see_v their_o father_n slave_n before_o they_o be_v well_o satisfy_v and_o content_v with_o their_o servitude_n but_o however_o they_o have_v this_o happiness_n that_o they_o seldom_o want_v for_o victual_n and_o drink_v for_o their_o wife_n chief_a employment_n be_v to_o provide_v they_o with_o that_o board_n they_o have_v general_o three_o or_o four_o sort_n at_o a_o meal_n viz._n one_o of_o pease_n with_o a_o little_a bacon_n slice_v among_o it_o another_o of_o course_n wheat_n barley_n or_o millet_n whereof_o they_o make_v their_o cachat_n and_o two_o other_o of_o several_a sort_n of_o strengthen_v root_n whereof_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n and_o very_o good_a the_o movable_n of_o these_o peasant_n cottage_n be_v only_o a_o few_o earthen_a or_o wooden_a dish_n and_o a_o hard_a bed_n which_o they_o make_v themselves_o with_o a_o very_a wretched_a coverlet_n their_o child_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o have_v a_o bed_n till_o they_o be_v marry_v but_o be_v force_v to_o lie_v upon_o board_n by_o the_o hearth_n side_n these_o sort_n of_o
frederic_n augustus_n the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o history_n of_o poland_n in_o several_a letter_n to_o person_n of_o quality_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n viz._n historical_a political_n physical_a and_o ecclesiastical_a the_o form_n of_o government_n the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n the_o senate_n senators_z and_o other_o officer_n the_o religion_n diet_n and_o little_a diet_n with_o other_o assembly_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o inter-regnum_fw-la election_n and_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o ceremony_n the_o present_a condition_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n as_o likewise_o the_o genius_n character_n language_n custom_n manner_n military_a affair_n trade_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o pole_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n the_o origin_n progress_n and_o present_a state_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o its_o great_a master_n likewise_o the_o present_a state_n of_o learning_n natural_a knowledge_n practice_n of_o physic_n and_o diseale_v in_o poland_n and_o last_o a_o succinct_a description_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n and_o the_o livonian_a order_n with_o a_o series_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o provincial_a master_n to_o this_o be_v also_o add_v a_o table_n for_o each_o volume_n and_o a_o sculpture_n of_o the_o diet_n in_o session_n with_o some_o memoirs_fw-fr from_o baron_fw-fr blomberg_n vol._n ii_o by_o bernard_n connor_n m._n d._n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n who_o in_o his_o travel_n in_o that_o country_n collect_v these_o memoir_n from_o the_o best_a author_n and_o his_o own_o observation_n compose_v and_o publish_a by_o â—ir_n savage_a london_n print_v for_o daâ—_n brown_a without_o templ-bar_n '_o and_o a._n roper_n and_o t._n leigh_n both_o in_o il_fw-fr et-street_n 1698._o d_o r._n connor_n '_o saint_n preface_n in_o my_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o historical_a relation_n of_o poland_n i_o have_v mention_v my_o incapacity_n for_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n both_o because_o i_o be_v only_o twelve_o month_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o because_o i_o have_v no_o talon_n or_o genius_n for_o history_n i_o think_v write_v it_o by_o way_n of_o letter_n in_o imitation_n of_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_n will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o myself_o and_o more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o public_a i_o be_o proud_a to_o have_v this_o happy_a occasion_n of_o give_v the_o honourable_a person_n i_o write_v to_o so_o public_a a_o testimony_n of_o my_o respect_n i_o be_o sorry_a in_o the_o same_o time_n i_o can_v have_v leisure_n to_o honour_v myself_o in_o write_v to_o the_o noble_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o second_o volume_n as_o i_o have_v have_v in_o the_o first_o i_o follow_v a_o profession_n so_o remote_a from_o history_n particular_o a_o polish_v one_o that_o it_o neither_o allow_v i_o time_n nor_o leave_v i_o any_o inclination_n to_o attend_v any_o other_o business_n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o person_n i_o promise_v to_o write_v to_o will_v be_v please_v to_o excuse_v i_o for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v my_o word_n to_o they_o as_o i_o flatter_v myself_o i_o can_v since_o the_o ingenious_a gentleman_n i_o desire_v to_o undertake_v this_o work_n will_v give_v they_o the_o same_o satisfaction_n he_o have_v already_o assist_v i_o in_o my_o first_o volume_n and_o have_v have_v all_o my_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o this_o second_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n part_n ii_o the_o present_a state_n letter_n i._n to_o his_o grace_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n that_o high_a station_n wherewith_o the_o king_n have_v recompense_v your_o merit_n and_o the_o great_a trust_v his_o majesty_n have_v repose_v in_o your_o grace_n during_o his_o absence_n show_v his_o confidence_n in_o your_o ability_n as_o well_o to_o govern_v the_o state_n as_o the_o church_n since_o therefore_o be_v late_o invest_v with_o a_o share_n of_o the_o regal_a authority_n you_o have_v occasion_n to_o know_v more_o intimate_o our_o king_n power_n and_o prerogatives_n i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o those_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o end_n that_o compare_v both_o together_o you_o may_v more_o sensible_o perceive_v the_o excellency_n of_o our_o own_o constitution_n which_o make_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o king_n inseparable_a from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o people_n for_o when_o the_o executive_a power_n be_v as_o vigilant_a to_o see_v our_o law_n obey_v as_o the_o legislative_a have_v be_v provident_a in_o make_v they_o england_n can_v just_o boast_v of_o a_o much_o great_a happiness_n than_o either_o poland_n or_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n 1698._o have_v my_o lord_n not_o be_v a_o full_a twelve_o month_n at_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n court_n i_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v thorough_o acquaint_v with_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o like_o most_o other_o country_n it_o have_v undergo_v several_a change_n in_o its_o constitution_n since_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vith_o century_n at_o which_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n poland_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n its_o founder_n the_o king_n thereof_o have_v be_v elect_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o a_o hereditary_a manner_n though_o not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a title_n they_o have_v real_o be_v absolute_a and_o their_o will_n go_v for_o a_o law_n for_o than_o they_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n when_o they_o please_v levy_v as_o many_o troop_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a punish_v or_o pardon_v at_o pleasure_n and_o reward_v where_o they_o see_v convenient_a and_o all_o the_o administration_n either_o of_o public_a or_o private_a affair_n be_v so_o whole_o lodge_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v the_o pole_n themselves_o say_v that_o sigismond_n ii_o 1574._o the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n be_v to_o the_o full_a as_o absolute_a as_o either_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o denmark_n be_v now_o whilst_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n thus_o maintain_v thereby_o a_o supreme_a power_n over_o their_o subject_n they_o exceed_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n be_v both_o fear_v abroad_o and_o belove_v at_o home_n command_v potent_a and_o numerous_a army_n into_o the_o field_n execute_v most_o erterprise_n speedy_o and_o be_v almost_o always_o sure_o of_o success_n and_o this_o because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o as_o now_o depend_v upon_o the_o linger_a determination_n and_o tedious_a conclusion_n of_o a_o turbulent_a diet._n but_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n be_v once_o extinct_a by_o the_o death_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o who_o have_v resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o polish_v gentry_n and_o give_v they_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v anew_o declare_v elective_a to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v due_a merit_n and_o qualification_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o aspire_v thereunto_o gentry_n this_o give_v occasion_n to_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n ever_o since_o to_o court_v the_o polish_v nobility_n after_o their_o king_n death_n and_o that_o either_o to_o get_v the_o succeed_a election_n determine_v in_o their_o own_o favour_n or_o else_o to_o have_v some_o of_o their_o friend_n advance_v to_o that_o great_a dignity_n but_o this_o most_o common_o rather_o with_o regard_n to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n they_o desire_v to_o promote_v as_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o bourbon_n have_v always_o practise_v thereupon_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n therefore_o observe_v that_o several_a prince_n at_o a_o time_n always_o aspire_v to_o their_o crown_n and_o consider_v that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o have_v more_o right_o than_o the_o rest_n as_o likewise_o that_o it_o lay_v altogether_o in_o their_o power_n to_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v resolve_v unanimous_o to_o elect_n none_o but_o such_o as_o shall_v condescend_v nay_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o propose_v prince_n hereby_o the_o pole_n by_o degree_n have_v clip_v and_o limit_v the_o ancient_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o bound_n we_o now_o find_v they_o to_o have_v that_o be_v bare_o to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n for_o the_o pole_n know_v very_o well_o that_o no_o prince_n will_v be_v so_o imprudent_a as_o to_o scruple_n submit_v to_o
any_o condition_n to_o become_v master_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o kingdom_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a either_o by_o birth_n or_o other_o claim_n and_o more_o especial_o since_o these_o condition_n be_v neither_o rigorous_a nor_o dishonourable_a but_o such_o as_o be_v decent_o consistent_a with_o the_o regal_a character_n he_o be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o republic_n thus_o the_o polish_v gentry_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n have_v in_o time_n make_v a_o perfect_a republic_n consist_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n senate_n and_o gentry_n which_o they_o call_v the_o nobility_n poland_n here_o my_o lord_n i_o must_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o the_o polish_v nation_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n the_o gentry_n or_o freeborn_a subject_n who_o be_v hardly_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o vassal_n who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o slave_n to_o the_o gentry_n for_o they_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n can_v buy_v no_o estate_n nor_o enjoy_v any_o property_n no_o more_o than_o our_o negro_n in_o the_o west-indies_n can_n and_o this_o because_o some_o age_n since_o the_o common_a people_n revolt_a against_o their_o lord_n and_o have_v drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o nation_n the_o gentry_n come_v with_o a_o foreign_a power_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o great_a subjection_n than_o before_o in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v ever_o since_o so_o that_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n at_o present_a comprehend_v only_o the_o king_n and_o gentry_n by_o a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n of_o poland_n be_v understand_v a_o person_n who_o either_o himself_n or_o his_o family_n have_v a_o possession_n in_o land_n for_o they_o never_o intermarry_v with_o the_o common_a people_n all_o the_o gentry_n from_o the_o king_n son_n to_o those_o that_o be_v but_o only_a master_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v equal_o noble_a both_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o no_o body_n be_v bear_v either_o a_o palatine_n senator_n or_o lord_n but_o those_o title_n be_v always_o annex_v to_o certain_a employment_n which_o the_o king_n only_o give_v to_o person_n advance_v in_o age_n and_o recommend_v by_o their_o merit_n diet._n the_o diet_n of_o poland_n in_o some_o respect_n resemble_v our_o parliament_n be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o house_n the_o house_n of_o senator_n answerable_a to_o our_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o the_o house_n of_o nuncio_n not_o unlike_o our_o house_n of_o commons_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o all_o about_o 142._o in_o the_o upper-house_n the_o senator_n sit_v not_o by_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n or_o letter_n patent_n as_o in_o england_n but_o only_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o great_a preferment_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n which_o they_o enjoy_v for_o life_n so_o that_o the_o king_n whole_o constitute_v the_o upper_a house_n but_o the_o low_a be_v the_o representative_n of_o the_o gentry_n elect_v by_o they_o alone_o in_o their_o respective_a province_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o common_a people_n who_o have_v no_o privilege_n to_o vote_n in_o their_o election_n insomuch_o that_o at_o least_o nine_o part_n in_o ten_o of_o the_o people_n of_o poland_n be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n power_n the_o grand_a diet_n of_o poland_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o deputy_n assemble_v together_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o his_o majesty_n command_v without_o this_o great_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n can_v neither_o make_v nor_o repeal_n law_n declare_v war_n nor_o conclude_v a_o peace_n make_v no_o alliance_n with_o any_o foreign_a prince_n raise_v neither_o troop_n nor_o tax_n coin_v no_o money_n and_o in_o a_o word_n can_v determine_v no_o matter_n of_o state_n of_o any_o importance_n without_o the_o universal_a consent_n and_o concurrence_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o they_o term_v the_o free_a state_n of_o poland_n government_n several_a powerful_a motive_n have_v incline_v the_o pole_n to_o establish_v this_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v a_o just_a temperament_n of_o whatever_o be_v to_o be_v find_v most_o excellent_a in_o the_o several_a monarchy_n aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o motive_n as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o history_n or_o learn_v they_o from_o the_o most_o know_v among_o their_o native_n be_v as_o follow_v motive_n first_o they_o think_v by_o this_o judicious_a choice_n of_o a_o government_n to_o preserve_v their_o kingdom_n from_o those_o disorder_n which_o most_o common_o attend_v absolute_a monarchy_n agree_v herein_o with_o that_o prince_n of_o philosopher_n aristotle_n who_o though_o he_o prefer_v this_o kind_n of_o government_n to_o all_o other_o yet_o be_v he_o nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o own_o that_o when_o ever_o it_o degenerate_v it_o be_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o all_o thus_o the_o pole_n have_v temper_v the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o their_o king_n with_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o other_o government_n whereby_o they_o think_v to_o secure_v their_o liberty_n a_o thing_n always_o most_o dear_a to_o they_o from_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o by_o imagine_v himself_o above_o the_o law_n may_v fancy_n whatever_o his_o passion_n prompt_v he_o to_o allowable_a and_o his_o true_a interest_n to_o be_v the_o entire_a subjection_n of_o his_o people_n the_o miserable_a example_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n and_o moscovite_n have_v sufficient_o convince_v they_o of_o this_o truth_n wherefore_o the_o polish_v nation_n think_v it_o but_o convenient_a to_o limit_v the_o excessive_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o confine_v they_o to_o rule_v with_o more_o moderation_n and_o justice_n motive_n second_o the_o pole_n have_v observe_v as_o well_o from_o their_o own_o government_n as_o from_o that_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o no_o small_a disadvantage_n have_v flow_v from_o a_o aristocracy_n they_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v but_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o one_o person_n be_v infinite_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v tolerate_v than_o that_o of_o many_o for_o that_o either_o the_o ambition_n or_o jealousy_n of_o such_o will_v often_o disturb_v the_o repose_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o public_a poland_n also_o begin_v to_o reflect_v upon_o its_o former_a misery_n under_o its_o woievod_n when_o it_o be_v deplorable_o rend_v and_o tear_v by_o the_o faction_n among_o those_o palatine_n insomuch_o that_o even_o while_o it_o become_v a_o conqueror_n from_o without_o it_o be_v vanquish_v within_o and_o that_o by_o its_o own_o force_n this_o give_v the_o pole_n no_o small_a dislike_n to_o a_o aristocracy_n which_o they_o have_v resolve_v never_o more_o to_o admit_v among_o they_o motive_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o have_v oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o reject_v a_o democracy_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o that_o sort_n of_o government_n to_o be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a of_o all_o be_v the_o easy_a inflame_v and_o the_o great_a enemy_n to_o true_a nobility_n its_o first_o maxim_n be_v to_o procure_v a_o universal_a level_v or_o make_v all_o alike_o whereby_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o common_a liberty_n they_o weaken_v and_o enervate_v those_o great_a genius_n which_o be_v design_v to_o govern_v and_o protect_v they_o how_o then_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o descendants_n of_o those_o mighty_a warrior_n who_o found_v the_o polish_v nation_n and_o have_v so_o long_o maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o by_o their_o valour_n shall_v submit_v to_o have_v their_o blood_n debase_v by_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o ignoble_a vulgar_a the_o tyranny_n of_o law_n which_o the_o noble_n be_v subject_v to_o in_o a_o absolute_a commonwealth_n will_v be_v too_o rude_a a_o check_n to_o this_o ambition_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v always_o have_v to_o command_v over_o their_o vassal_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v always_o entertain_v a_o secret_a odium_n for_o those_o grecian_a republic_n that_o banish_v their_o great_a statesman_n mere_o because_o they_o will_v not_o have_v they_o gain_v too_o fast_o upon_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n if_o any_o shall_v perhaps_o doubt_v of_o the_o pernicious_a consequence_n of_o a_o popular_a government_n where_o reason_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reign_v as_o a_o unruly_a violence_n of_o a_o people_n who_o know_v no_o other_o law_n than_o those_o of_o their_o passion_n let_v they_o cast_v their_o eye_n on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o be_v often_o ready_a to_o overturn_v the_o state_n have_v not_o the_o senate_n speedy_o apply_v a_o prudent_a remedy_n but_o there_o be_v other_o example_n more_o modern_a as_o the_o revolt_n
of_o the_o cosack_n and_o the_o last_o trouble_n in_o bohemia_n to_o these_o also_o may_v be_v add_v the_o revolution_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n i._n when_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o people_n extend_v their_o rage_n even_o to_o the_o dip_v their_o hand_n in_o this_o prince_n blood_n politician_n do_v general_o own_v that_o the_o people_n be_v a_o wild_a beast_n which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v lead_v than_o leave_v at_o liberty_n and_o by_o consequence_n have_v pronounce_v it_o most_o perilous_a to_o acquiesce_v under_o their_o subjection_n a_o anarchy_n will_v undoubted_o do_v more_o harm_n in_o a_o day_n than_o a_o tyrant_n can_v in_o all_o his_o reign_n if_o he_o punish_v it_o be_v with_o some_o pretence_n of_o justice_n when_o nothing_o can_v abate_v the_o people_n rage_n but_o a_o utter_a extinction_n of_o whatever_o be_v place_v over_o their_o heâ—ds_n a_o mix_a government_n therefore_o make_v out_o of_o all_o these_o three_o be_v that_o which_o 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be_v too_o proud_a a_o nation_n to_o agree_v with_o those_o politician_n that_o measure_v the_o grandeur_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o happiness_n of_o a_o state_n by_o the_o despotic_a power_n of_o he_o that_o govern_v it_o and_o therefore_o those_o pernicious_a maxim_n of_o tyrant_n si_fw-la lubet_fw-la licet_fw-la oderint_fw-la dum_fw-la metuant_fw-la and_o the_o like_a will_v be_v but_o ill_o receive_v among_o a_o people_n that_o have_v all_o along_o secure_v their_o liberty_n by_o their_o prudence_n and_o valour_n this_o vassalage_n will_v suit_v well_o enough_o with_o the_o slave_n of_o asia_n and_o africa_n or_o with_o the_o moscovite_n and_o turk_n who_o all_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v govern_v like_o beast_n and_o lead_v by_o the_o nose_n according_a to_o the_o different_a caprice_n or_o pleasure_n of_o their_o prince_n happiness_n as_o for_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n they_o may_v rest_v in_o security_n in_o the_o bosom_n of_o their_o country_n even_o amid_o the_o noise_n 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they_o tacit_o seem_v to_o call_v in_o question_n the_o power_n they_o have_v limit_v and_o often_o refuse_v that_o duty_n which_o they_o have_v deem_v he_o worthy_a of_o by_o his_o election_n unhappiness_n the_o polish_v nobility_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o their_o king_n be_v right_a and_o those_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o deputy_n affirm_v that_o since_o these_o three_o member_n compose_v but_o one_o body_n they_o ought_v equal_o to_o share_v in_o the_o same_o benefit_n and_o injury_n and_o consequent_o ought_v all_o either_o to_o reward_v the_o one_o or_o revenge_v the_o other_o state_n the_o small_a authority_n therefore_o of_o their_o king_n and_o the_o impossibility_n of_o their_o act_n by_o themselves_o have_v at_o all_o time_n expose_v poland_n to_o the_o insult_v of_o their_o neighbour_n and_o the_o rage_n of_o their_o own_o people_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o the_o treachery_n and_o sedition_n of_o the_o confederate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v arrive_v at_o so_o great_a height_n if_o the_o king_n have_v have_v but_o sufficient_a power_n to_o have_v suppress_v they_o also_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n lubomirski_n will_v never_o have_v have_v the_o boldness_n to_o have_v oppose_v king_n casimir_n design_n open_o and_o to_o have_v form_v so_o many_o faction_n against_o the_o court_n have_v he_o not_o have_v some_o assurance_n of_o remain_v unpunished_a this_o make_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v style_v a_o king_n of_o king_n and_o lord_n of_o lord_n since_o he_o have_v no_o better_a than_o companion_n and_o equal_n for_o his_o subject_n king_n we_o have_v divers_a instance_n of_o the_o pole_n love_v for_o their_o king_n and_o particular_o by_o their_o once_o enforce_v the_o right_n of_o sigismond_n iii_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n in_o a_o obstinate_a war_n which_o they_o begin_v several_a time_n as_o likewise_o in_o support_v afterward_o the_o pretence_n of_o vladislaus_n vii_o to_o moscovy_n to_o omit_v divers_a other_o of_o a_o more_o ancient_a date_n this_o respect_n of_o their_o oblige_v they_o frequent_o to_o come_v and_o spend_v their_o estate_n at_o court_n think_v to_o augment_v their_o prince_n grandeur_n by_o their_o prodigality_n and_o magnificence_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o mistake_v make_v by_o gregory_n king_n of_o bohemia_n at_o the_o interview_n between_o he_o and_o casimir_n the_o great_a at_o glogan_n which_o place_v the_o former_a have_v demand_v to_o bound_v the_o limit_n of_o silesia_n when_o he_o salute_v a_o private_a gentleman_n splendid_o clothe_v for_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n power_n the_o custom_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o pole_n run_v so_o strong_a towards_o honour_v their_o prince_n that_o all_o they_o have_v or_o be_v able_a to_o do_v even_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o lavish_a in_o his_o service_n without_o expect_v any_o great_a recompense_n than_o the_o glory_n of_o wait_v on_o his_o majesty_n person_n insomuch_o that_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o be_v courageous_a and_o prudent_a just_a and_o sober_a liberal_a and_o religious_a one_o that_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o in_o a_o word_n who_o have_v no_o other_o interest_n but_o the_o common_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o his_o subject_n be_v as_o much_o respect_a and_o honour_a and_o as_o faithful_o obey_v both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n nay_o as_o formidable_a to_o all_o his_o enemy_n as_o most_o prince_n in_o europe_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o war_n no_o monarch_n have_v great_a advantage_n than_o himself_o for_o he_o be_v neither_o at_o the_o trouble_n of_o raise_v force_n nor_o expense_n in_o maintain_v they_o his_o business_n be_v only_o to_o convene_v the_o diet_n and_o they_o do_v all_o these_o thing_n to_o his_o hand_n after_o war_n be_v once_o declare_v he_o can_v continue_v the_o
the_o pole_n have_v to_o aspire_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o by_o their_o constitution_n all_o the_o noble_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o freeborn_a of_o the_o land_n be_v equal_a as_o to_o their_o birth_n and_o none_o though_o never_o so_o poor_a owe_v precedence_n unless_o through_o a_o compliment_n to_o any_o ever_o so_o rich_a insomuch_o that_o preferment_n and_o honour_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n by_o which_o they_o attain_v to_o precedence_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o ascertain_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o law_n now_o one_o will_v think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o profit_n and_o trust_v so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v needs_o gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o be_v confer_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pole_n be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o grateful_a and_o know_v too_o well_o that_o the_o king_n can_v dispose_v of_o those_o preferment_n but_o to_o themselves_o they_o believe_v that_o when_o he_o grant_v they_o he_o only_o give_v back_o what_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o act_n of_o grace_n in_o he_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o justice_n approach_n when_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n come_v to_o any_o city_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n and_o he_o can_v send_v his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n only_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o keep_v their_o own_o key_n and_o to_o hinder_v all_o but_o a_o few_o troop_n from_o follow_v the_o king_n into_o the_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o dantzick_n have_v more_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n than_o any_o other_o city_n of_o poland_n insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v be_v rather_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o small_a republic_n of_o itself_o under_o protection_n of_o that_o kingdom_n than_o a_o city_n subject_a to_o it_o nay_o it_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o sovereign_a power_n for_o it_o can_v condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o polish_v gentry_n if_o they_o commit_v any_o crime_n within_o its_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n diet._n the_o king_n can_v raise_v no_o troop_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o this_o for_o fear_v that_o he_o shall_v strengthen_v himself_o and_o entrench_v upon_o their_o liberty_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o levy_v some_o with_o the_o portion_n of_o his_o queen_n mary_n ludovica_n but_o the_o senate_n so_o murmur_v that_o he_o be_v soon_o oblige_v to_o disband_v they_o the_o king_n can_v on_o any_o account_n whatever_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v that_o king_n henry_n of_o valois_n be_v fain_o to_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o he_o go_v into_o france_n sigismond_n iii_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n king_n of_o sueden_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n 1592._o to_o obtain_v consent_n to_o return_v into_o sueden_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o hereditary_a kingdom_n and_o that_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o return_v to_o his_o native_a kingdom_n desire_v leave_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o augment_v their_o privilege_n to_o obtain_v it_o respect_v the_o king_n child_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o respect_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n every_o private_a gentleman_n think_v himself_o as_o great_a as_o they_o by_o the_o law_n and_o to_o have_v as_o lawful_a a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o be_v they_o nevertheless_o always_o treat_v as_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal._n his_o elder_a son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o bare_o that_o of_o prince_n add_v withal_o their_o christian_a name_n as_o prince_n alexander_n and_o prince_n constantin_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n elder_a daughter_n be_v call_v the_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o only_a princess_n add_v thereto_o their_o name_n as_o princess_n mary_n of_o poland_n but_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o the_o king_n their_o father_n die_v and_o a_o new_a king_n of_o another_o or_o the_o same_o family_n succeed_v and_o have_v child_n then_o do_v they_o lose_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o take_v only_o the_o name_n of_o their_o family_n or_o estate_n such_o as_o prince_n sobieski_n princess_n czartoriski_n yet_o however_o the_o senate_n always_o look_v upon_o themselves_o oblige_v to_o provide_v for_o they_o to_o give_v they_o pension_n and_o to_o match_v they_o equal_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o birth_n which_o have_v ever_o hitherto_o be_v due_o observe_v nay_o the_o pole_n have_v all_o along_o show_v such_o esteem_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o royal_a family_n that_o although_o they_o have_v not_o allow_v they_o any_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o law_n yet_o have_v they_o always_o elect_v one_o of_o they_o king_n where_o there_o be_v any_o survive_v for_o i_o find_v from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o prince_n piastus_n even_o down_o to_o that_o of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n which_o be_v from_o the_o year_n 830._o to_o the_o year_n 1674_o the_o crown_n have_v always_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o family_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n as_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o account_n of_o poland_n they_o have_v also_o not_o confine_v this_o affection_n of_o they_o to_o the_o king_n son_n only_o but_o have_v likewise_o extend_v it_o towards_o their_o daughter_n and_o even_o their_o widow_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o their_o history_n where_o your_o grace_n will_v find_v what_o strict_a regard_v the_o pole_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a race_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o princess_n hedwigis_fw-la who_o they_o wait_v for_o with_o great_a patience_n though_o all_o the_o while_o they_o suffer_v extreme_o by_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o pretend_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v a_o relation_n to_o casimir_n the_o great_a slight_v the_o king_n be_v natural_a son_n be_v extreme_o undervalue_v and_o be_v hardly_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v common_a gentleman_n for_o none_o of_o the_o gentry_n care_v to_o keep_v company_n with_o they_o nay_o one_o of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v a_o clerk_n in_o the_o salt_n customhouse_n at_o thorn_n a_o city_n in_o prussia_n where_o his_o place_n be_v not_o worth_n he_o above_o thirty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n they_o usual_o have_v a_o very_a mean_a opinion_n of_o illegitimate_a child_n though_o nature_n endow_v 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whereat_o one_o of_o they_o rise_v likewise_o and_o clap_v his_o hand_n to_o his_o sword_n reply_v and_o that_o sword_n will_v have_v do_v something_o too_o another_o passage_n i_o have_v read_v of_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n who_o have_v be_v base_o abuse_v in_o the_o diet_n stand_v up_o and_o cry_v si_fw-mi non_fw-la essem_fw-la rex_fw-la whereto_o the_o orator_n brisk_o reply_v si_fw-mi non_fw-la fuisses_fw-la rex_fw-la wherefore_o these_o senator_n be_v likewise_o bind_v to_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v against_o their_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o four_o of_o they_o be_v always_o depute_v to_o attend_v the_o king_n with_o their_o advice_n beside_o these_o four_o who_o be_v ever_o actual_o the_o king_n counsel_n any_o of_o the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n have_v a_o right_a to_o assist_v at_o the_o council-board_n if_o they_o think_v fit_a travel_v the_o presence_n of_o these_o senator_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v so_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o can_v travel_v upon_o whatsoever_o account_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o republic_n 23._o this_o custom_n be_v take_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o not_o only_o forbid_v the_o senator_n but_o also_o their_o son_n to_o go_v beyond_o the_o verge_n of_o italy_n self_n this_o title_n of_o senator_n the_o king_n can_v bestow_v by_o itself_o but_o it_o be_v always_o annex_v to_o one_o of_o the_o four_o dignitys_n of_o bishop_n castellan_n or_o palatine_n the_o ten_o crown-officer_n all_o which_o the_o king_n name_n whereof_o palatine_n be_v lord-lieutenant_n of_o province_n castellan_n be_v governor_n who_o have_v not_o their_o name_n from_o castle_n as_o the_o word_n may_v reasonable_o import_v but_o from_o command_v a_o portion_n of_o a_o province_n in_o time_n of_o war._n the_o ten_o crown-officer_n be_v the_o marshal_n chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o bishop_n preside_v over_o their_o several_a diocese_n with_o a_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n when_o any_o one_o be_v name_v a_o bishop_n palatin_n castellan_n or_o any_o of_o the_o ten_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v immediate_o a_o senator_n without_o more_o ado_n office_n their_o business_n be_v to_o serve_v faithful_o the_o king_n and_o republic_n in_o the_o senate_n at_o home_o to_o administer_v justice_n by_o commission_n or_o otherwise_o and_o abroad_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n to_o exercise_v foreign_a ministry_n etc._n etc._n dignity_n these_o senator_n of_o poland_n value_v their_o dignity_n so_o high_o that_o they_o despise_v almost_o all_o other_o title_n of_o honour_n whatever_o and_o therefore_o when_o sigismond_n i._o go_v to_o vienna_n and_o the_o emperor_n offer_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o the_o several_a senator_n that_o come_v along_o with_o he_o they_o absolute_o refuse_v they_o give_v for_o reason_n that_o be_v bear_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o thereby_o have_v a_o right_a to_o treat_v either_o of_o peace_n or_o war_n with_o their_o king_n they_o believe_v it_o a_o injury_n to_o their_o dignity_n to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n think_v superior_a subdivision_n this_o senate_n consist_v either_o of_o ecclesiastical_a or_o secular_a member_n the_o ecclesiastical_a be_v either_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a member_n of_o the_o senate_n their_o number_n at_o present_a be_v but_o sixteen_o three_o of_o these_o bishopric_n be_v now_o in_o the_o enemy_n hand_n though_o they_o nevertheless_o have_v titular_a bishop_n viz._n smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n possess_v by_o the_o moscovite_n and_o caminiec_n enjoy_v by_o the_o turk_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v but_o thirteen_o bishopric_n actual_o in_o the_o king_n dominion_n of_o which_o but_o two_o be_v archbishopric_n viz._n those_o of_o gnesna_n and_o leopol_n when_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a three_o bishopric_n be_v vacant_a there_o be_v always_o those_o ready_a that_o will_v beg_v their_o title_n mere_o to_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o sit_v as_o senator_n the_o several_a diocese_n belong_v to_o all_o poland_n these_o bishopric_n be_v archiepiscopal_a of_o gnesna_n and_o leopol_n episcopal_a of_o cracow_n cujavia_n and_o pomerania_n vilna_n posnan_n plocksko_n or_o plosko_fw-mi varmia_n luceoria_n or_o lucko_n premislia_n or_o premislaw_n samegitia_n culm_n chelm_fw-ge kiovia_n caminiec_n and_o smolensko_n subject_a to_o the_o two_o archbishop_n be_v the_o other_o bishop_n and_o first_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v the_o several_a bishop_n of_o cracow_n vladislaw_n archbishop_n posnan_n plosko_fw-mi vilna_n varmia_n samogitia_n and_o culm_n and_o next_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge caminiec_fw-la luceoria_fw-la premislia_n and_o kiovia_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v not_o only_o state_n chief_a of_o the_o bishop_n but_o also_o of_o all_o the_o other_o senator_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v
before_o the_o king_n wherever_o he_o go_v and_o to_o take_v care_n that_o all_o the_o court-officer_n perform_v their_o duty_n in_o their_o several_a station_n over_o who_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_a case_n if_o any_o person_n so_o much_o as_o wound_v one_o of_o his_o officer_n he_o lose_v his_o head_n for_o it_o by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1573._o he_o be_v moreover_o the_o introducer_n of_o all_o ambassador_n perquisites_n he_o have_v a_o exceed_a great_a benefit_n by_o impose_v prize_n on_o merchant_n ware_n for_o they_o general_o make_v he_o great_a present_n and_o bribe_n to_o augment_v their_o profit_n nevertheless_o his_o power_n be_v very_o much_o lessen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n for_o than_o he_o must_v act_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n absence_n he_o always_o act_n by_o assistance_n of_o the_o court_n marshal_n who_o be_v his_o deputy_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o when_o the_o court_n marshal_n absent_v likewise_o the_o duty_n of_o that_o office_n be_v require_v from_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n from_o his_o little_a marshal_n and_o when_o all_o these_o be_v absent_a that_o duty_n be_v incumbent_a on_o the_o chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n in_o their_o respective_a turn_v the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o grand_a marshal_n or_o grand_a steward_n of_o lithuania_n his_o office_n be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o poland_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o second_v lay_n senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n kingdom_n the_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v be_v the_o one_o ecclesiastical_a and_o the_o other_o secular_a by_o a_o law_n make_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n i._n but_o those_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v both_o oblige_v to_o be_v secular_a though_o 528._o hartknoch_n say_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o a_o bishop_n be_v chancellor_n there_o authority_n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o two_o seal_n the_o chancellor_n the_o great_a seal_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n the_o lesser_a their_o authority_n be_v equal_a except_o that_o the_o former_a always_o take_v place_n of_o the_o latter_a though_o he_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o bishop_n and_o that_o the_o vicechancellor_n do_v not_o act_v but_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o at_o least_o under_o he_o power_n the_o chancellor_n office_n be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o civil_a affair_n to_o see_v justice_n do_v the_o law_n observe_v and_o to_o render_v ineffectual_a the_o cabal_n and_o intrigue_n of_o foreign_a prince_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o be_v to_o seal_v all_o the_o king_n mandate_n and_o grant_n and_o to_o receive_v and_o answer_v all_o his_o letter_n their_o power_n also_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v seal_v several_a thing_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n and_o refuse_v as_o many_o where_o he_o command_v if_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o state_n the_o chancellor_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o vicechancellor_n answer_v to_o all_o speech_n make_v the_o king_n and_o propose_v all_o matter_n to_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o senate_n he_o of_o the_o two_o that_o be_v ecclesiastical_a have_v a_o power_n over_o the_o king_n secretary_n chaplain_n and_o preacher_n as_o likewise_o over_o all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n which_o in_o any_o wise_a relate_v to_o the_o king_n they_o be_v the_o general_a chronicler_n and_o publisher_n of_o the_o law_n and_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o appeal_v make_v to_o the_o king_n other_o the_o vicechancellor_n general_o succeed_v the_o chancellor_n though_o sometime_o in_o lithuania_n it_o have_v happen_v otherwise_o the_o ecclesiastical_a chancellor_n or_o vicechancellor_n of_o poland_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o mean_a bishopric_n as_o culm_n premislia_n chelm_fw-ge etc._n etc._n qualify_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v person_n of_o great_a prudence_n learning_n and_o probity_n their_o business_n be_v to_o admonish_v advise_v and_o direct_v the_o king_n in_o his_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n authority_n these_o treasurer_n be_v master_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o treasure_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v bring_v they_o in_o by_o four_o general_a collector_n who_o all_o keep_v a_o true_a register_n of_o it_o give_v a_o copy_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o another_o to_o the_o treasurer_n they_o also_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o regalia_z as_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n of_o state_n robe_n etc._n etc._n they_o moreover_o have_v in_o their_o custody_n all_o the_o king_n furniture_n and_o record_n and_o be_v to_o preside_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o mint_n they_o likewise_o pay_v all_o salary_n either_o of_o the_o military_a or_o civil_a list_n the_o treasurer_n privilege_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o give_v any_o account_n either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o officer_n how_o they_o perform_v their_o trust_n but_o in_o due_a time_n the_o diet_n appoint_v commissioner_n for_o that_o purpose_n they_o be_v oblige_v faithful_o to_o charge_n and_o discharge_v themselves_o before_o they_o otherwise_o the_o republic_n may_v sue_v they_o for_o it_o and_o confiscate_v their_o land_n nevertheless_o the_o treasurer_n who_o most_o common_o misemploy_v the_o public_a stock_n by_o treat_v the_o commissioner_n well_o and_o make_v they_o considerable_a present_n withal_o often_o obtain_v their_o discharge_n without_o much_o difficulty_n trust_n i_o may_v here_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v when_o count_n morstyn_n be_v great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o public_a benefit_n send_v all_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o treasury_n into_o france_n when_o fear_v that_o the_o diet_n will_v soon_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v he_o to_o account_n he_o retire_v private_o with_o all_o his_o effect_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o go_v to_o settle_v in_o france_n where_o he_o purchase_v the_o whole_a county_n of_o chateau-villain_n which_o be_v worth_a above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o livre_n a_o year_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n it_o these_o court_n marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o vladislaus_n vii_o have_v a_o contest_v with_o the_o chancellor_n for_o precedence_n but_o at_o length_n they_o be_v order_v to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o last_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n therefore_o starovolscius_fw-la who_o in_o his_o colen_n edition_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n place_n they_o next_o to_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o that_o of_o dantzic_n put_v they_o last_o of_o all_o officer_n it_o will_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o acquaint_v your_o grace_n that_o beside_o these_o ten_o crown-officer_n there_o be_v three_o other_o sort_n of_o officer_n which_o be_v not_o senator_n and_o they_o be_v either_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n the_o king_n court_n or_o belong_v peculiar_o to_o palatinate_n and_o district_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o first_o kind_a be_v these_o general_n the_o two_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n who_o be_v the_o king_n be_v immediate_a substitute_n and_o have_v a_o full_a power_n to_o do_v whatever_o his_o majesty_n can_v be_v he_o present_a though_o this_o dignity_n of_o great_a general_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o honourable_a of_o any_o in_o the_o republic_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o make_v the_o person_n that_o enjoy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o senator_n nor_o qualify_v he_o to_o have_v the_o least_o seat_n in_o the_o diet_n unless_o he_o be_v therewithal_o a_o palatin_n or_o castellan_n as_o most_o common_o he_o be_v authority_n the_o two_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n have_v equal_a power_n in_o their_o respective_a state_n and_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o unless_o that_o the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n always_o give_v place_n to_o he_o of_o poland_n yet_o have_v he_o the_o sole_a command_n
which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v often_o bribe_v either_o by_o the_o king_n foreign_a prince_n or_o some_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proceed_v on_o the_o day_n prefix_v for_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n with_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o nuncios_fw-la go_v to_o hear_v a_o sermon_n which_o be_v end_v he_o retire_v into_o the_o senate_n where_o he_o be_v several_o salute_v by_o the_o member_n thereof_o and_o the_o nuncios_fw-la retire_v likewise_o into_o their_o house_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n izba_n poselska_n confer_v together_o about_o elect_v a_o speaker_n during_o which_o the_o last_o speaker_n or_o marshal_n officiate_n till_o a_o new_a one_o be_v choose_v and_o then_o be_v oblige_v to_o resign_v his_o staff_n to_o the_o marshal_n elect_v who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a before_o he_o enter_v upon_o his_o office_n proceed_n when_o the_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n be_v elect_v he_o with_o all_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n go_v to_o kiss_v the_o king_n hand_n in_o the_o diet-chamber_n where_o his_o majesty_n sit_v on_o a_o throne_n erect_v for_o that_o purpose_n then_o the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o king_n name_n propose_v all_o the_o point_n to_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o diet_n and_o desire_v the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n to_o take_v they_o into_o consideration_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o leave_v they_o lest_o his_o presence_n may_v be_v a_o awe_n upon_o they_o and_o then_o the_o senator_n retire_v into_o their_o room_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o nuncios_fw-la into_o they_o by_o they_o call_v izba_n poselska_n they_o forthwith_o set_v about_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n propose_v hauteville_n here_z sir_n i_o may_v remark_n a_o pleasant_a reflection_n of_o hauteville_n in_o his_o account_n of_o poland_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o pole_n employ_v more_o time_n in_o drink_v and_o feast_v than_o in_o debate_v matter_n of_o state_n for_o that_o they_o never_o think_v on_o that_o work_n till_o they_o begin_v to_o want_v money_n to_o buy_v hungarian_a wine_n deputy_n after_o the_o chancellor_n have_v thus_o propose_v to_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o king_n name_n all_o the_o article_n they_o be_v to_o go_v upon_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o nuncios_fw-la likewise_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o deputy_n present_n to_o the_o king_n what_o they_o desire_v of_o his_o majesty_n which_o be_v 1._o to_o make_v void_a all_o intrenchment_n either_o upon_o the_o state_n or_o the_o people_n and_o 2._o to_o bestow_v all_o vacant_a office_n upon_o person_n of_o worth_n and_o merit_n authority_n this_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o they_o in_o the_o diet_n for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o command_v silence_n among_o they_o and_o who_o transmits_n all_o their_o request_n to_o the_o king_n or_o senate_n and_o see_v that_o by_o his_o power_n he_o can_v either_o animate_v or_o moderate_v they_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o no_o ordinary_a esteem_n and_o that_o the_o court_n always_o endeavour_n by_o various_a favour_n to_o secure_v he_o for_o their_o friend_n house_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n in_o the_o nuncios_fw-la house_n be_v much_o the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o little_a diet_n no_o body_n offer_v his_o opinion_n there_o till_o have_v first_o ask_v leave_v of_o the_o marshal_n who_o alone_o introduce_v all_o messenger_n from_o the_o king_n senators_z army_z or_o foreign_a prince_n and_o answer_v they_o all_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o house_n if_o any_o disserence_n arise_v among_o the_o nuncios_fw-la or_o other_o tumult_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o spectator_n he_o cause_v silence_n immediate_o by_o strike_v his_o staff_n against_o the_o ground_n power_n the_o two_o order_n be_v thus_o separate_v there_o be_v nevertheless_o frequent_a intercourse_n between_o they_o as_o be_v between_o our_o two_o most_o honourable_a house_n the_o nuncios_fw-la have_v a_o power_n of_o impeach_v all_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n for_o male_a administration_n and_o to_o put_v the_o king_n in_o mind_n as_o often_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a of_o his_o coronation-oath_n moreover_o the_o nuncios_fw-la power_n and_o authority_n appear_v the_o great_a in_o that_o no_o constitution_n or_o law_n be_v of_o any_o validity_n or_o force_n that_o be_v not_o first_o begin_v in_o their_o house_n nay_o their_o marshal_n be_v to_o be_v the_o first_o starter_n of_o all_o law_n and_o when_o conclude_v upon_o it_o be_v his_o office_n only_o to_o read_v they_o before_o the_o senate_n for_o this_o reason_n in_o the_o year_n 1668._o the_o marshal_n protest_v against_o a_o certain_a law_n because_o it_o be_v first_o concert_v in_o the_o senate_n but_o what_o be_v more_o to_o be_v admire_v than_o all_o this_o be_v that_o the_o dissent_n of_o one_o single_a nuncio_n be_v sufficient_a to_o annul_v the_o whole_a proceed_n and_o to_o occasion_v the_o diet_n to_o be_v dissolve_v encourage_v to_o confirm_v this_o authority_n and_o for_o the_o further_o security_n of_o the_o nuncios_fw-la sigismond_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 1510._o ordain_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v high_a treason_n to_o injure_v any_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n though_o he_o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1539._o restrain_v this_o law_n to_o the_o royal_a person_n but_o which_o notwithstanding_o john_n casimir_n in_o some_o measure_n renew_v in_o the_o year_n 1649._o privilege_n 1649._o if_o one_o of_o these_o nuncios_fw-la commit_v any_o crime_n he_o be_v to_o be_v try_v only_o by_o his_o fellow-member_n this_o privilege_n of_o the_o nuncios_fw-la begin_v a_o month_n before_o and_o last_v as_o long_o after_o the_o diet._n committee_n upon_o some_o occasion_n the_o marshal_n assign_v committee_n of_o these_o nuncios_fw-la who_o be_v to_o transact_v apart_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v entrust_v to_o they_o sit_v the_o nuncios_fw-la remain_v in_o their_o house_n till_o the_o five_o day_n before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n when_o they_o be_v all_o to_o go_v to_o the_o senate_n et_fw-la sic_fw-la comitia_fw-la ad_fw-la patres_fw-la transfer_v dicuntur_fw-la but_o if_o within_o the_o time_n assign_v by_o the_o law_n they_o find_v they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o finish_v their_o business_n they_o humble_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o diet_n may_v be_v prorogue_v employ_v whilst_o the_o nuncios_fw-la be_v thus_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a good_a in_o their_o house_n the_o king_n and_o senate_n do_v not_o pass_v their_o time_n idle_o in_o they_o for_o after_o the_o chancellor_n have_v give_v the_o charge_n to_o the_o low_a house_n and_o they_o be_v retire_v he_o together_o with_o the_o senator_n tries_z criminal_a cause_n for_o a_o whole_a week_n which_o be_v end_v there_o be_v several_a other_o matter_n assign_v for_o certain_a day_n until_o the_o low_a house_n bring_v up_o bill_n to_o be_v debate_v low_a near_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o before_o 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officiate_v by_o the_o great_a marshal_n either_o of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n or_o in_o their_o absence_n by_o some_o other_o of_o the_o senator_n officer_n the_o great_a marshal_n have_v authority_n not_o only_o to_o check_v a_o nuncio_n but_o also_o a_o senator_n in_o speak_v if_o he_o exceed_v his_o bound_n he_o also_o in_o case_n of_o great_a disorder_n impose_v silence_n by_o strike_v his_o staff_n on_o the_o ground_n opinion_n in_o case_n of_o controversy_n the_o king_n always_o suspend_v his_o opinion_n till_o the_o difference_n be_v reconcile_v this_o the_o king_n henry_n and_o stephen_n promise_v faithful_o to_o observe_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o book_n of_o their_o law_n page_n 254._o law_n to_o establish_v a_o law_n or_o constitution_n in_o the_o diet_n the_o deputy_n must_v first_o propose_v it_o by_o their_o marshal_n and_o then_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n be_v to_o approve_v of_o it_o but_o however_o before_o it_o
can_v have_v any_o force_n it_o must_v be_v review_v by_o the_o great_a marshal_n and_o two_o deputy_n or_o by_o three_o senator_n and_o six_o deputy_n have_v be_v thus_o review_v it_o be_v read_v out_o in_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o nuncio_n marshal_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n demand_n with_o a_o low_a voice_n if_o the_o king_n senate_n and_o deputy_n consent_v to_o apply_v the_o seal_n which_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o affirmative_a it_o be_v present_o seal_v and_o enroll_v among_o the_o act_n in_o the_o register_n of_o warsaw_n and_o this_o by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o deputy_n marshal_n who_o be_v to_o see_v it_o do_v soon_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o session_n after_o this_o one_o of_o the_o king_n secretary_n be_v to_o get_v it_o print_v and_o disperse_v among_o the_o several_a little_a diet_n and_o tribunal_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n print_v it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o where_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v dissolve_v through_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o any_o 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service_n to_o the_o state_n but_o now_o there_o need_v no_o other_o merit_n or_o good_a quality_n than_o to_o be_v rich_a enough_o to_o purchase_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o court_n or_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o great_a man._n they_o that_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v noble_a have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v than_o to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n who_o have_v the_o power_n to_o put_v their_o name_n into_o the_o roll_n of_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o be_v make_v polish_v gentleman_n after_o which_o they_o be_v to_o give_v in_o a_o note_n of_o their_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o to_o put_v their_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_a when_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o accept_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o have_v get_v their_o patent_n sign_v they_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n before_o the_o same_o marshal_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o their_o king_n and_o country_n and_o whereof_o the_o 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this_o time_n likewise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n that_o have_v wherewithal_o to_o appear_v in_o any_o sort_n of_o grandeur_n meet_v here_o together_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n though_o they_o have_v no_o other_o business_n than_o to_o see_v and_o be_v see_v it_o be_v then_o their_o son_n get_v acquaint_v with_o other_o of_o the_o young_a gentry_n and_o often_o be_v marry_v to_o some_o of_o the_o young_a lady_n that_o come_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o to_o get_v husband_n in_o short_a the_o diet_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o general_a rendezvouz_n of_o all_o the_o people_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o man_n and_o woman_n as_o child_n so_o that_o what_o city_n soever_o the_o diet_n sit_v in_o there_o be_v always_o thirty_o thousand_o and_o sometime_o forty_o thousand_o person_n more_o than_o there_o use_v to_o be_v notwithstanding_o nevertheless_o provision_n be_v not_o very_o scarce_o by_o reason_n that_o every_o gentleman_n 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to_o give_v any_o reason_n for_o his_o say_a refusal_n but_o be_v only_o to_o say_v after_o their_o usual_a manner_n nie_n pos_fw-la volam_fw-la it_o be_v not_o my_o pleasure_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o whereupon_o he_o immediate_o withdraw_v from_o out_o of_o the_o diet_n and_o most_o common_o retire_v into_o the_o country_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v either_o kill_v or_o abuse_v as_o it_o often_o happen_v such_o people_n be_v by_o some_o desperate_a member_n of_o the_o diet._n diet._n thns_n sir_n you_o may_v plain_o perceive_v how_o easy_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v for_o any_o foreign_a prince_n to_o interrupt_v all_o the_o project_n of_o this_o diet_n if_o they_o seem_v in_o any_o wise_a to_o move_v against_o his_o interest_n if_o poland_n be_v in_o peace_n and_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o any_o nation_n contrary_a to_o the_o french_a interest_n the_o french_a pistole_n can_v easy_o find_v some_o senator_n or_o deputy_n to_o oppose_v this_o design_n or_o if_o 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and_o fatal_a interruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n for_o near_a these_o fifteen_o year_n do_v all_o no_o doubt_n wish_v for_o a_o peace_n and_o have_v propose_v it_o in_o every_o diet_n for_o several_a year_n ever_o since_o the_o siege_n of_o vienna_n but_o notwithstanding_o either_o through_o their_o own_o disorder_n or_o the_o austrian_a faction_n they_o can_v never_o yet_o accomplish_v their_o design_n thus_o the_o austrian_a party_n keep_v they_o in_o a_o tedious_a war_n and_o the_o french_a prevent_v they_o from_o carry_v it_o on_o with_o vigour_n insomuch_o that_o between_o these_o two_o that_o nation_n be_v almost_o ruin_v since_o on_o one_o side_n they_o be_v hinder_v from_o make_v peace_n to_o remedy_v the_o prodigious_a desolation_n make_v upon_o they_o and_o on_o the_o other_o prevent_v from_o raise_v money_n sufficient_a to_o carry_v the_o war_n into_o the_o country_n of_o their_o invader_n there_o every_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n after_o have_v obtain_v leave_v of_o 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they_o spin_v it_o out_o never_o so_o long_o for_o if_o the_o marshal_n himself_o shall_v then_o presume_v to_o bid_v they_o hold_v their_o tongue_n they_o will_v infallible_o dissolve_v the_o diet_n by_o protest_v against_o the_o proceed_n thereof_o so_o that_o the_o prudent_a way_n be_v always_o to_o hear_v they_o out_o and_o moreover_o to_o show_v no_o dislike_n to_o the_o impertinent_a speech_n they_o have_v make_v government_n no_o body_n but_o see_v the_o unhappy_a state_n of_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n that_o their_o constitution_n and_o privilege_n be_v most_o pernicious_a that_o the_o unlimited_a and_o absolute_a liberty_n of_o each_o member_n make_v all_o the_o republic_n slave_n either_o to_o the_o whimsy_n or_o factious_a obstinacy_n of_o one_o particular_a man_n for_o can_v there_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o unreasonable_a than_o that_o after_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n have_v come_v from_o most_o remote_a province_n with_o excessive_a expense_n to_o the_o diet_n and_o labour_v joint_o with_o the_o king_n to_o conclude_v matter_n for_o the_o common_a benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o one_o disaffect_v or_o corrupt_v person_n without_o give_v any_o far_a reason_n than_o his_o own_o pleasure_n to_o annul_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o to_o dissolve_v the_o diet_n at_o a_o juncture_n especial_o when_o there_o be_v the_o great_a occasion_n for_o their_o concurrence_n thus_o sir_n you_o may_v perceive_v that_o affair_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n depend_v not_o only_o on_o the_o prudent_a deliberation_n of_o sober_a man_n but_o also_o on_o the_o whimsical_a humour_n of_o the_o senseless_a or_o deprave_a this_o excessive_a liberty_n of_o every_o private_a man_n show_v that_o both_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o diet_n have_v none_o at_o all_o consent_n this_o constitution_n of_o conclude_a matter_n in_o the_o diet_n rather_o by_o universal_a consent_n than_o plurality_n of_o voice_n be_v establish_v to_o deprive_v their_o king_n of_o all_o mean_n and_o opportunity_n of_o ever_o become_v absolute_a for_o they_o imagine_v it_o be_v moral_o impossible_a as_o it_o real_o be_v that_o whatever_o interest_n or_o authority_n the_o king_n may_v get_v in_o the_o country_n that_o he_o shall_v ever_o so_o far_o prevail_v as_o to_o bring_v all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o he_o may_v have_v the_o majority_n to_o consent_v to_o any_o article_n or_o bill_n which_o may_v any_o wise_a be_v injurious_a to_o the_o nation_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n observe_v the_o many_o bad_a consequence_n that_o usual_o attend_v and_o must_v still_o necessary_o follow_v such_o constitution_n they_o once_o propose_v to_o decide_v their_o affair_n by_o the_o two_o three_o of_o the_o voice_n yet_o which_o they_o can_v never_o agree_v in_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v overfond_a of_o their_o liberty_n be_v loath_a by_o these_o mean_n to_o consent_v to_o part_v with_o they_o and_o so_o that_o proposal_n have_v no_o effect_n subsist_v sir_n you_o may_v have_v just_a reason_n to_o admire_v how_o the_o polish_v nation_n can_v for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n subsist_v with_o such_o bad_a constitution_n and_o still_o possess_v not_o only_o a_o vast_a kingdom_n but_o also_o hitherto_o enjoy_v their_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n in_o their_o utmost_a force_n and_o extent_n it_o be_v wonderful_a also_o that_o far_o from_o lose_v or_o limit_v any_o of_o their_o prerogative_n they_o rather_o enlarge_v and_o increase_v they_o as_o often_o as_o they_o elect_v their_o king_n nay_o consider_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n the_o absolute_a prerogative_n every_o gentleman_n have_v in_o his_o own_o land_n in_o a_o manner_n above_o the_o law_n the_o turbulence_n of_o their_o diet_n and_o the_o small_a obligation_n the_o officer_n think_v they_o lie_v under_o to_o perform_v their_o several_a duty_n the_o pole_n themselves_o have_v own_a it_o to_o be_v no_o less_o than_o a_o miriacle_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v subsist_v so_o long_o and_o dr._n connor_n say_v he_o have_v often_o hear_v they_o say_v that_o their_o preservation_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o god_n alone_o that_o protect_v they_o to_o be_v the_o invincible_a bulwark_n of_o europe_n against_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o christendom_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n reason_n here_o we_o need_v not_o have_v recourse_n to_o any_o peculiar_a providence_n bestow_v by_o god_n on_o the_o pole_n since_o by_o his_o own_o ordinary_a concourse_n to_o all_o natural_a cause_n we_o may_v easy_o collect_v that_o the_o polish_v nation_n can_v not_o but_o subsist_v hitherto_o only_o but_o likewise_o must_v in_o all_o probability_n last_o as_o long_o as_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n and_o this_o for_o several_a reason_n reason_n first_o because_o though_o the_o king_n power_n be_v limit_v by_o the_o law_n his_o
jurisdiction_n of_o poland_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o general_n although_o the_o palatine_n and_o castellan_n who_o general_o accompany_v his_o majesty_n to_o the_o war_n retain_v their_o authority_n over_o their_o respective_a inferior_n but_o where_o those_o be_v refractory_a a_o court-marshal_n adju_v the_o debate_n law_n as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v on_o all_o hand_n agree_v that_o it_o have_v none_o till_o the_o time_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a and_o then_o but_o very_o few_o make_v by_o he_o although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o pole_n hadlong_o before_o be_v christian_n and_o be_v well_o enough_o verse_v in_o the_o human-learning_n yet_o be_v there_o never_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o any_o prince_n commit_v to_o write_v but_o that_o people_n be_v content_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o ancestor_n hand_v down_o to_o they_o from_o father_n to_o son_n casimir_n iii_o therefore_o call_v the_o great_a from_o his_o prudent_a administration_n observe_v the_o disadvantage_n his_o kingdom_n labour_v under_o by_o the_o german_n who_o then_o frequent_o come_v into_o poland_n on_o account_n of_o trade_n receive_v the_o saxon_a law_n now_o call_v magdeburg-law_n from_o the_o city_n of_o saxony_n whence_o they_o be_v take_v by_o which_o poland_n be_v at_o this_o day_n principal_o govern_v although_o the_o gentry_n have_v many_o peculiar_a custom_n and_o some_o statute_n which_o have_v be_v since_o make_v and_o which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n be_v compile_v into_o one_o volume_n by_o learned_a man_n be_v entitle_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o since_o some_o have_v be_v approve_v and_o augment_v and_o other_o change_v and_o alter_v in_o several_a diet_n have_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o constitution_n of_o poland_n to_o which_o nevertheless_o all_o that_o kingdom_n be_v not_o subject_a lithuania_n and_o volhynia_n observe_v its_o own_o law_n prussia_n likewise_o both_o regal_a and_o ducal_z have_v a_o municipal_a law_n of_o its_o own_o common_o style_v the_o law_n of_o culm_n from_o which_o notwithstanding_o three_o city_n be_v exempt_a viz._n elbing_n bransberg_n and_o fraumberg_n all_o which_o make_v use_v of_o the_o law_n of_o lansberg_n poland_n the_o punishment_n in_o poland_n be_v various_a and_o differ_v only_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o not_o of_o the_o person_n for_o a_o thief_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v of_o what_o degree_n soever_o he_o be_v and_o capital_a offender_n of_o all_o other_o kind_n and_o quality_n be_v to_o be_v behead_v except_o in_o notorious_a villainy_n where_o the_o offender_n be_v common_o break_v on_o the_o wheel_n or_o else_o torture_v by_o cut_v off_o two_o thong_n or_o long_a piece_n out_o of_o the_o skin_n of_o his_o back_n a_o nobleman_n be_v sometime_o punish_v by_o forfeit_v half_o his_o estate_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o a_o informer_n and_o sometime_o by_o imprisonment_n only_o servant_n master_n also_o have_v a_o power_n of_o chastise_v their_o servant_n which_o they_o do_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o servant_n they_o be_v about_o to_o punish_v be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n than_o they_o make_v he_o lie_v down_o on_o his_o belly_n on_o a_o carpet_n spread_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o upon_o a_o stool_n when_o another_o gentleman-servant_n lay_v he_o on_o unmerciful_o on_o the_o back_n with_o a_o rope_n or_o stick_n give_v he_o as_o many_o blow_v and_o lash_n as_o the_o master_n who_o be_v then_o present_a order_n after_o which_o he_o that_o be_v beat_v embrace_n the_o knee_n of_o he_o that_o have_v command_v he_o to_o be_v beat_v and_o salute_v he_o with_o the_o good-natured_a title_n of_o benefactor_n this_o discipline_n seem_v a_o little_a too_o severe_a but_o however_o the_o temper_n of_o these_o people_n make_v it_o necessary_a the_o peasant-servant_n be_v punish_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o they_o have_v no_o carpet_n spread_v under_o they_o some_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n think_v it_o a_o honour_n to_o be_v so_o lash_v which_o honour_n they_o always_o receive_v liberal_o as_o often_o as_o they_o deserve_v it_o beat_v this_o custom_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o punish_v their_o gentlemen-servant_n so_o rigid_o ought_v not_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o they_o may_v serve_v in_o the_o mean_a office_n without_o derogate_a from_o the_o nobility_n of_o their_o birth_n or_o incapacitate_v themselves_o for_o the_o high_a preferment_n for_o say_v hauteville_n i_o have_v know_v some_o who_o from_o be_v footboy_n to_o great_a lord_n and_o drummer_n in_o a_o company_n of_o dragoon_n have_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o senator_n also_o in_o general_n nothing_o debase_v nobility_n in_o this_o country_n but_o a_o handicraft_n or_o mechanic_n employment_n this_o sir_n be_v all_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o by_o various_a read_n relate_v to_o the_o legislative_a and_o executive_a justice_n in_o poland_n and_o which_o though_o not_o capable_a to_o pass_v your_o censure_n with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o regular_a composition_n i_o hope_v may_v obtain_v effect_n of_o your_o candour_n under_o the_o regret_v title_n of_o a_o hasty_a compilation_n i_o be_o sir_n with_o all_o humility_n your_o most_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iu._n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a john_n earl_n of_o marlborough_n governor_n to_o his_o highness_n the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n of_o the_o election_n and_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n with_o the_o proceed_n in_o the_o inter-regnum_fw-la and_o all_o other_o ceremony_n as_o likewise_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o queen_n my_o lord_n to_o who_o can_v this_o letter_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n more_o proper_o address_v itself_o than_o to_o your_o lordship_n who_o have_v late_o be_v pitch_v upon_o by_o the_o wise_a of_o monarch_n to_o be_v governor_n to_o the_o presumptive_a heir_n of_o his_o crown_n no_o doubt_v his_o majesty_n see_v those_o unite_a qualification_n in_o you_o which_o be_v but_o to_o be_v single_o meet_v with_o in_o all_o other_o and_o which_o moreover_o can_v not_o but_o be_v require_v to_o copy_v a_o successor_n from_o so_o great_a a_o original_a as_o himself_o these_o consideration_n my_o lord_n have_v embolden_v i_o to_o present_v your_o lordship_n with_o this_o imperfect_a account_n but_o which_o i_o hope_v in_o regard_n it_o have_v be_v extract_v from_o so_o many_o volume_n may_v favourable_o pass_v your_o discern_a censure_n though_o it_o must_v not_o in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o deserve_v your_o approbation_n my_o lord_n way_n the_o crown_n of_o poland_n may_v be_v vacant_a four_o way_n for_o either_o the_o king_n abdicate_v voluntary_o and_o public_o like_o john_n casimir_n be_v depose_v for_o his_o vice_n as_o locticus_n be_v run_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o henry_n iii_o of_o france_n do_v or_o die_v which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a cause_n of_o a_o inter-regnum_fw-la summon_v when_o the_o crown_n be_v once_o become_v vacant_a the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v the_o first_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v the_o prime_a minister_n and_o have_v the_o same_o authority_n as_o the_o king_n have_v most_o of_o the_o crown_n revenue_n be_v invest_v likewise_o in_o he_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n he_o issue_v out_o circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o province_n to_o acquaint_v they_o therewith_o and_o to_o command_v their_o several_a officer_n to_o make_v publication_n of_o the_o inter-regnum_fw-la as_o likewise_o to_o summon_v a_o general_a convocation_n of_o the_o gentry_n to_o meet_v at_o warsaw_n at_o a_o time_n prefix_v session_n before_o this_o general_a meeting_n they_o meet_v at_o the_o little_a diet_n where_o care_n be_v take_v to_o secure_v the_o road_n from_o thief_n and_o to_o set_v strong_a guard_n every_o where_o on_o the_o frontier_n to_o oppose_v a_o invade_a enemy_n next_o spy_n be_v send_v into_o all_o neighbour_a kingdom_n to_o have_v intelligence_n of_o what_o they_o design_n or_o do_v then_o all_o person_n be_v prohibit_v either_o to_o go_v out_o or_o come_v into_o the_o kingdom_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la as_o likewise_o to_o carry_v any_o horse_n out_o of_o it_o all_o foreign_a letter_n direct_v to_o any_o member_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v intercept_v all_o the_o highway_n be_v block_v up_o with_o tree_n fell_v down_o and_o ambuscadoe_n be_v place_v about_o they_o none_o of_o the_o senate_n nor_o no_o foreigner_n be_v permit_v to_o write_v to_o the_o army_n all_o the_o gentry_n be_v command_v to_o have_v every_o thing_n in_o readiness_n for_o public_a defence_n the_o common_a use_n of_o gun_n be_v forbid_v tavern_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o concert_n of_o music_n silence_v
then_o they_o proceed_v to_o institute_v the_o court_n call_v kaptur_n treat_v of_o before_o interregnum_fw-la this_o diet_n consist_v of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o represent_v the_o king_n person_n and_o the_o other_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n 275._o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n when_o the_o king_n die_v the_o office_n of_o inter-rex_a come_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o next_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lower_n poland_n which_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a though_o in_o nothing_o else_o yet_o however_o they_o may_v grant_v away_o their_o power_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o inter-regnum_n before_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n when_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n officiate_v during_o the_o whole_a interregnum_fw-la by_o a_o common_a consent_n of_o those_o bishop_n proceed_n 291._o some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n be_v dispatch_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o remain_v with_o they_o and_o to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n and_o deputy_n likewise_o be_v appoint_v to_o inspect_v the_o crown-treasure_n deposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o to_o take_v a_o inventory_n thereof_o which_o they_o be_v afterward_o to_o report_v to_o the_o diet._n this_o treasure_n be_v common_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o eight_o senator_n who_o be_v the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_n of_o cracovia_n posnania_n vilna_n sendomir_n kalisch_n and_o troki_n together_o with_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a seal_n and_o key_n and_o therefore_o none_o to_o act_v without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o also_o commissioner_n be_v send_v to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o king_n crown-revenue_n which_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o make_v their_o report_n of_o during_o this_o session_n and_o till_o a_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n 306._o claim_v the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a from_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o crown_v head_n although_o hautaville_n say_v he_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o this_o diet_n of_o election_n have_v not_o falute_v they_o with_o that_o title_n but_o only_o express_v himself_o in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o dear_a and_o well_o belove_a friend_n and_o ally_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n two_o whilst_o this_o diet_n sit_v which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o fortnight_n without_o prorogation_n and_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o circular_a letter_n to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n all_o court_n of_o justice_n cease_v except_o only_o that_o of_o the_o marshal_n which_o continue_v as_o before_o and_o a_o court_n establish_v to_o prevent_v disorder_n in_o the_o diet._n as_o for_o all_o private_a affair_n and_o suit_n of_o law_n they_o be_v delay_v till_o after_o the_o new_a king_n coronation_n the_o proceed_n in_o this_o diet_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o in_o other_o diet_n occasion_n most_o crown_v head_n and_o other_o christian_a prince_n send_v ambassador_n to_o this_o election_n and_o more_o especial_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n the_o pope_n also_o always_o send_v his_o nuncio_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v fall_v upon_o a_o profess_a catholic_n and_o one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n the_o emperor_n and_o french_a king_n always_o raise_v great_a faction_n to_o promote_v their_o several_a interest_n receive_v before_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v they_o be_v to_o send_v notice_n of_o their_o come_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v to_o appoint_v they_o lodging_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o to_o assign_v they_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n who_o business_n be_v rather_o to_o observe_v their_o conduct_n and_o to_o acquaint_v the_o diet_n therewith_o than_o to_o do_v they_o either_o any_o service_n or_o honour_n but_o however_o these_o rule_n be_v but_o seldom_o observe_v for_o prince_n ambassador_n now_o general_o live_v public_o at_o warsaw_n a_o gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a be_v still_o appoint_v to_o be_v always_o with_o they_o who_o chief_a business_n be_v to_o prevent_v their_o corrupt_v any_o with_o money_n but_o this_o precaution_n be_v notwithstanding_o now_o become_v useless_a since_o avarice_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o sway_n in_o poland_n that_o even_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v his_o country_n can_v withstand_v the_o charm_n of_o a_o thousand_o crown_n republic_n ambassador_n be_v not_o only_o receive_v from_o foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o master_n letter_n public_o read_v but_o also_o polish_v minister_n be_v send_v at_o this_o time_n from_o the_o republic_n to_o all_o neighbour_a state_n to_o answer_v their_o embassy_n and_o to_o request_v their_o amity_n here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o all_o ambassador_n or_o envoy_n who_o have_v have_v audience_n of_o leave_n before_o the_o late_a king_n death_n be_v desire_v to_o depart_v within_o eight_o day_n minister_n ambassador_n from_o foreign_a court_n must_v take_v especial_a care_n to_o secure_v the_o diet_n in_o general_n since_o the_o bare_a disoblige_v of_o one_o particular_a member_n may_v render_v they_o for_o ever_o incapable_a of_o bring_v their_o design_n about_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o election_n of_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n where_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v be_v the_o quarrel_n with_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n nevertheless_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o that_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a the_o nobility_n have_v not_o their_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n than_o primate_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o though_o he_o know_v that_o the_o republic_n at_o that_o juncture_n have_v need_n of_o both_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a king_n neither_o of_o which_o that_o prince_n can_v in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o be_v he_o be_v no_o soon_o proclaim_v but_o the_o chancellor_n begin_v to_o insinuate_v that_o he_o owe_v his_o crown_n to_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o difficult_a task_n for_o he_o to_o impose_v on_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v easy_o govern_v and_o who_o have_v always_o show_v more_o good_a nature_n than_o judgement_n diet_n after_o the_o diet_n of_o convocation_n end_v the_o nuncios_fw-la and_o deputy_n retire_v to_o their_o several_a country_n where_o they_o acquaint_v the_o gentry_n be_v a_o second_o time_n assemble_v in_o their_o little_a diet_n of_o the_o proceed_n in_o this_o general_a convocation_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o day_n assign_v for_o the_o election_n whereupon_o the_o gentry_n immediate_o begin_v to_o consult_v about_o what_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n and_o they_o proceed_v to_o choose_v new_a deputy_n in_o prussia_n the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n be_v sole_a lord_n lieutenant_n summon_v all_o these_o little_a diet_n by_o his_o mandate_n election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v former_o hold_v at_o petricovia_n but_o since_o the_o join_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o a_o open_a field_n half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n and_o near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la and_o be_v not_o to_o continue_v by_o the_o law_n above_o six_o week_n the_o crown-treasurer_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o republic_n build_v there_o a_o large_a booth_n or_o hall_n with_o board_n not_o unlike_a booth_n in_o our_o bartholomew_n fair_a the_o name_n the_o pole_n give_v to_o this_o place_n be_v 295._o szopa_n signify_v a_o cover_a room_n against_o the_o injury_n of_o wether_n it_o have_v but_o three_o door_n to_o go_v in_o at_o and_o they_o fortify_v it_o round_o with_o a_o broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n when_o this_o place_n be_v thus_o finish_v by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a officer_n and_o the_o day_n fix_v for_o the_o diet_n convening_n be_v arrive_v the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n go_v in_o great_a order_n to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n where_o they_o pray_v god_n to_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o quality_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o protect_v the_o republic_n then_o they_o go_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o queen_n dowager_n to_o condole_v the_o death_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n her_o husband_n the_o primate_n speak_v for_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o last_o nuncio-marshal_n for_o the_o deputy_n who_o be_v then_o answer_v in_o the_o queen_n
name_n by_o her_o chancellor_n after_o which_o they_o march_v to_o the_o szopa_n where_o the_o nobility_n elect_v their_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n by_o majority_n of_o vote_n who_o after_o be_v choose_v take_v the_o usual_a oath_n which_o run_v thus_o that_o he_o will_v discharge_v his_o office_n faithful_o receive_v no_o bribe_n keep_v private_a correspondence_n with_o none_o of_o the_o competitor_n and_o will_v not_o subscribe_v a_o schedule_n of_o a_o free_a election_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o republic_n after_o this_o he_o go_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o senator_n for_o their_o approbation_n it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o the_o senator_n only_o sit_v in_o the_o szopa_n for_o the_o deputy_n have_v their_o session_n in_o the_o open_a field_n which_o they_o call_v their_o eadem_fw-la rota_n equestris_n therein_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o the_o senator_n and_o nuncios_fw-la or_o depute_a gentry_n do_v in_o this_o diet_n after_o establish_v of_o the_o kaptur_n be_v to_o take_v a_o mutual_a oath_n on_o their_o knee_n administer_v by_o the_o prmate_v to_o a_o strict_a union_n and_o intelligence_n among_o themselves_o for_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o nation_n next_o not_o to_o acknowledge_v any_o for_o their_o king_n but_o he_o that_o be_v lawful_o elect_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o who_o must_v withal_o swear_v to_o preserve_v inviolable_a the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o they_o moreover_o promise_v mutual_o that_o he_o who_o will_v act_v otherwise_o shall_v be_v deem_v and_o declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o his_o country_n likewise_o they_o reciprocal_o promise_v not_o to_o give_v their_o voice_n for_o a_o election_n nor_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o agreement_n with_o any_o of_o the_o candidate_n or_o their_o ambassador_n till_o all_o the_o irregularity_n or_o disorder_n either_o in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v first_o consider_v and_o redress_v they_o annul_v all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o even_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n that_o be_v find_v to_o entrench_v on_o their_o liberty_n they_o declare_v that_o all_o other_o judgement_n pronounce_v before_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la shall_v be_v valid_a they_o set_v up_o a_o new_a court_n of_o justice_n call_v kaptur_n which_o be_v to_o defend_v the_o country_n coin_v money_n raise_v soldier_n and_o for_o maintain_v of_o the_o law_n they_o give_v order_n that_o no_o body_n shall_v come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o fire-arm_n nor_o bring_v any_o stranger_n along_o with_o they_o they_o cause_v the_o general_n to_o take_v on_o oath_n before_o commissioner_n to_o discharge_v the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o faithful_o to_o employ_v their_o force_n against_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n thereby_o to_o secure_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o oblige_v they_o also_o to_o swear_v to_o assert_v the_o public_a interest_n in_o case_n of_o sedition_n or_o rebellion_n to_o restrain_v soldier_n from_o injure_v any_o person_n to_o receive_v money_n neither_o from_o clergy_n nor_o laity_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o soldier_n from_o receive_v any_o and_o last_o they_o forbid_v they_o to_o advance_v with_o their_o troop_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o more_o especial_o to_o come_v 530._o near_o the_o diet_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v force_v to_o a_o election_n against_o their_o free_a will_n and_o provide_v the_o republic_n shall_v be_v attack_v by_o such_o a_o force_n as_o the_o army_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o resist_v than_o they_o declare_v that_o from_o that_o very_a minute_n they_o summon_v all_o the_o nobility_n to_o meet_v together_o without_o delay_n at_o the_o time_n and_o place_n which_o the_o primate_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v appoint_v that_o the_o review_n of_o the_o soldier_n raise_v in_o general_a by_o the_o republic_n or_o in_o particular_a by_o the_o palatinaetes_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o camp_n that_o each_o palatinate_n shall_v take_v care_n to_o pay_v its_o own_o troop_n and_o not_o disband_v any_o but_o such_o as_o the_o general_a diet_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o dismiss_v they_o forbid_v the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o great_a duchy_n to_o give_v out_o any_o money_n without_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o his_o council_n but_o only_o for_o payment_n of_o the_o troop_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o order_v that_o skilful_a and_o honest_a person_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o visit_v the_o saltworks_a and_o to_o regulate_v all_o reparation_n that_o shall_v be_v find_v necessary_a there_o and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o the_o deputy_n of_o certain_a city_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o diet_n till_o they_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v their_o right_n to_o come_v thither_o in_o short_a the_o pole_n in_o this_o diet_n take_v all_o the_o measure_n and_o care_v imaginable_a to_o secure_v their_o frontier_n maintain_v the_o kingdom_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n to_o settle_v a_o good_a intelligence_n among_o themselves_o and_o last_o to_o prevent_v bribery_n or_o any_o private_a interest_n in_o any_o of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o may_v tend_v to_o hinder_v a_o free_a and_o unanimous_a election_n receive_v matter_n be_v thus_o dispose_v they_o immediate_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n examine_v first_o the_o exorbitance_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o disorder_n and_o excess_n commit_v during_o the_o last_o reign_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v prevent_v the_o like_a for_o the_o future_a these_o exorbitance_n be_v not_o examine_v by_o the_o whole_a session_n either_o of_o the_o senator_n or_o deputy_n but_o by_o a_o certain_a number_n assign_v out_o of_o both_o who_o sit_v a-morning_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o warsaw_n then_o the_o diet_n give_v audience_n to_o the_o ambassador_n both_o of_o those_o prince_n that_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o those_o that_o recommend_v other_o to_o it_o send_v first_o a_o great_a train_n of_o coach_n to_o wait_v on_o they_o to_o the_o rota_n equestris_n whither_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o on_o this_o occasion_n the_o senate_n go_v when_o these_o ambassador_n be_v thus_o send_v for_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n be_v always_o prefer_v then_o come_v the_o emperor_n ambassador_n next_o the_o french_a and_o after_o these_o the_o spanish_a but_o since_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n convene_v at_o warsaw_n after_o the_o death_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n when_o the_o spanish_a ambassador_n demand_v audience_n before_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o notwithstanding_o be_v prefer_v spain_n have_v send_v no_o ambassador_n on_o this_o account_n into_o poland_n for_o as_o for_o don_n pedro_n ronquillos_fw-la who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n of_o john_n iii_o he_o dare_v never_o assume_v either_o the_o title_n or_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n for_o fear_v he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n they_o the_o manner_n of_o receive_v these_o ambassador_n be_v this_o the_o pope_n legate_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o lay-senator_n as_o likewise_o by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n and_o a_o assign_v number_n out_o of_o their_o body_n the_o inter-rex_a arise_v out_o of_o his_o chair_n move_v two_o or_o three_o step_n to_o meet_v he_o and_o place_n he_o on_o his_o right-hand_n the_o secular_a ambassador_n be_v introduce_v by_o some_o of_o the_o lay-senator_n and_o deputy_n only_o the_o emperor_n minister_n be_v place_v by_o they_o between_o the_o great_a marshal_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n minister_n when_o the_o ambassador_n receive_v audience_n they_o make_v their_o harangue_n in_o latin_a to_o which_o the_o archbishop_n that_o preside_v answer_v for_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n for_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o all_o minister_n that_o have_v any_o interest_n of_o their_o master_n to_o carry_v on_o in_o the_o diet_n to_o be_v not_o only_o eloquent_a but_o liberal_a and_o generous_a that_o by_o their_o treat_v feast_n and_o chief_o their_o money_n they_o may_v gain_v or_o purchase_v the_o good_a will_n and_o suffrage_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o gentry_n it_o be_v so_o essential_o requisite_a for_o ambassador_n to_o make_v a_o great_a figure_n keep_v a_o open_a table_n spend_v a_o vast_a deal_n of_o money_n and_o to_o make_v considerable_a present_n that_o if_o the_o diet_n do_v but_o in_o the_o least_o suspect_v any_o avarice_n or_o niggardliness_n in_o they_o they_o will_v present_o impute_v it_o to_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o prince_n that_o send_v they_o which_o will_v prove_v no_o small_a obstruction_n either_o to_o his_o election_n or_o interest_n in_o behalf_n of_o any_o body_n else_o ambassador_n must_v likewise_o take_v more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n to_o keep_v in_o with_o
the_o king_n always_o bear_v to_o his_o queen_n in_o conjunction_n with_o her_o own_o intrigue_n among_o the_o senator_n soon_o break_v this_o design_n they_o have_v also_o sometime_o elect_v absolute_a and_o neighbour_a prince_n as_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o transilvania_n but_o then_o this_o constitution_n be_v not_o in_o force_n be_v only_o make_v of_o latter_a day_n for_o they_o be_v now_o resolve_v to_o admit_v of_o no_o such_o election_n hereafter_o so_o that_o at_o present_a a_o prince_n must_v be_v very_o rich_a to_o purchase_v the_o vote_n of_o so_o many_o hundred_o that_o compose_v the_o diet_n and_o to_o treat_v the_o gentry_n in_o general_a and_o beside_o must_v have_v many_o heroic_a and_o warlike_a quality_n and_o a_o great_a reputation_n in_o the_o world_n to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n insomuch_o that_o before_o he_o can_v be_v elect_v and_o crown_v it_o must_v necessary_o cost_v he_o several_a hundred_o of_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a and_o moreover_o the_o vast_a sum_n that_o all_o the_o competitor_n spend_v liberal_o at_o this_o election_n far_o exceed_v what_o the_o elect_a prince_n have_v spend_v so_o that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n must_v needs_o get_v well_o by_o their_o election_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a reason_n why_o they_o maintain_v their_o kingdom_n elective_a elective_a the_o other_o be_v first_o that_o they_o take_v that_o government_n to_o be_v easy_a which_o be_v execute_v by_o a_o person_n who_o they_o have_v unanimous_o choose_v to_o obey_v be_v not_o thereby_o oblige_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o prince_n that_o nature_n only_o have_v set_v over_o their_o head_n second_o that_o they_o esteem_v a_o elective_a kingdom_n free_a from_o those_o hazard_n which_o one_o that_o be_v successive_a most_o common_o incur_v during_o the_o minority_n of_o its_o prince_n for_o that_o then_o either_o its_o neighbour_n take_v a_o occasion_n to_o invade_v it_o or_o its_o great_a man_n to_o embroil_v it_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v the_o great_a share_n in_o the_o government_n to_o themselves_o under_o so_o weak_a a_o head_n if_o this_o be_v pretend_v to_o be_v remedy_v by_o assign_v fit_a tutor_n and_o counsellor_n to_o the_o young_a prince_n they_o say_v that_o the_o government_n will_v be_v miserable_o mistake_v for_o that_o we_o do_v not_o want_v in_o history_n several_a example_n of_o young_a king_n who_o have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o throne_n by_o their_o assign_v governor_n and_o moreover_o that_o seldom_o any_o kingdom_n have_v be_v know_v to_o continue_v long_o in_o peace_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o its_o king_n the_o three_o reason_n they_o give_v be_v that_o in_o a_o elective_a state_n rare_o any_o blood_n be_v shed_v about_o the_o succession_n as_o have_v frequent_o happen_v in_o other_o country_n without_o fetch_v any_o example_n from_o antiquity_n four_o they_o say_v that_o a_o king_n choose_v by_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n will_v be_v likely_a in_o common_a gratitude_n to_o retaliate_v the_o obligation_n by_o the_o clemency_n and_o justice_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o five_o advantage_n which_o the_o pole_n pretend_v by_o a_o election_n of_o their_o king_n be_v that_o in_o no_o other_o state_n prince_n take_v so_o great_a care_n to_o educate_v their_o child_n as_o in_o they_o and_o the_o six_o be_v that_o by_o mean_n of_o elect_v their_o king_n the_o gentry_n who_o be_v only_o consider_v in_o poland_n have_v the_o great_a power_n of_o conserve_n their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n in_o which_o their_o great_a happiness_n consist_v and_o the_o seven_o be_v by_o limit_v the_o action_n of_o their_o king_n to_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o diet._n i_o may_v here_o mention_v many_o more_o reason_n but_o for_o fear_n of_o tire_v your_o lordship_n by_o too_o long_a a_o digression_n i_o return_v to_o my_o subject_n not_o as_o for_o those_o that_o have_v suffrage_n in_o this_o election_n it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o diet_n have_v in_o general_a as_o likewise_o the_o deputy_n of_o some_o particular_a city_n especial_o the_o great_a one_o of_o prussia_n which_o former_o have_v not_o only_a place_n among_o the_o nuncios_fw-la but_o also_o in_o the_o senate_n as_o for_o the_o lesser_a the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n general_o subscribe_v in_o their_o name_n there_o be_v other_o who_o have_v pretend_v to_o but_o have_v be_v deny_v a_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n when_o they_o be_v only_a tributary_n to_o poland_n the_o king_n son_n also_o be_v exclude_v from_o a_o vote_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v dignify_v with_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n soldiers_z likewise_o be_v refuse_v a_o suffrage_n though_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o lay_v claim_v to_o such_o a_o privilege_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n when_o the_o cosack_v once_o pretend_v to_o it_o but_o who_o be_v reject_v with_o contempt_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v no_o better_o than_o the_o scum_n or_o dregs_o of_o the_o populace_n conventa_fw-la at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o election_n the_o diet_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o right_n and_o liberty_n for_o this_o be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o secure_v their_o constitution_n and_o privilege_n and_o to_o prevent_v any_o abuse_n of_o or_o breach_n in_o their_o law_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o be_v always_o then_o very_o busy_a in_o make_v new_a law_n not_o only_o to_o preserve_v but_o likewise_o enlarge_v their_o prerogative_n as_o soon_o therefore_o as_o their_o king_n be_v elect_v they_o propose_v to_o he_o certain_a article_n or_o capitulation_n to_o be_v agree_v to_o before_o he_o can_v be_v proclaim_v these_o article_n they_o call_v pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la be_v proper_o a_o contract_n between_o the_o king_n and_o people_n which_o he_o swear_v afterward_o to_o keep_v inviolable_a before_o the_o altar_n in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n at_o warsaw_n ambassador_n provide_v the_o elect_a king_n be_v a_o foreign_a prince_n then_o must_v his_o ambassador_n who_o represent_v he_o sign_z these_o article_n and_o take_v this_o oath_n for_o he_o thus_o at_o the_o election_n of_o henry_n of_o valois_n his_o ambassador_n john_n de_fw-fr monluc_n bishop_n of_o valence_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n where_o after_o the_o condition_n to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o new_a king_n his_o master_n be_v read_v to_o he_o he_o sign_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_v henry_n and_o of_o charles_n ix_o his_o brother_n king_n of_o france_n then_o be_v he_o conduct_v to_o st._n john_n church_n where_o after_o take_v the_o abovesaid_a oath_n his_o master_n henry_n of_o valois_n be_v proclaim_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o great_a marshal_n the_o eighteent_n of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1573._o afterward_o according_a to_o custom_n in_o these_o case_n ambassador_n be_v send_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o take_v the_o oath_n from_o that_o king_n in_o person_n at_o paris_n which_o they_o do_v on_o the_o ten_o of_o september_n follow_v this_o be_v the_o method_n prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n for_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la yet_o which_o be_v not_o always_o punctual_o observe_v for_o king_n michael_n and_o john_n sobieski_n take_v that_o oath_n several_a day_n after_o their_o election_n administer_v the_o form_n of_o this_o agreement_n or_o capitulation_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o methodise_v by_o order_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o they_o make_v the_o decree_n of_o election_n after_o which_o the_o three_o order_n viz._n the_o king_n elect_v or_o his_o ambassador_n the_o senate_n and_o deputy_n go_v to_o the_o church_n where_o the_o chancellor_n or_o grand_a marshal_n read_v distinct_o with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o whole_a contract_n as_o follow_v article_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o quality_n of_o heir_n of_o poland_n nor_o will_v appoint_v any_o to_o be_v his_o successor_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a will_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v inviolable_a the_o law_n and_o constitution_n make_v for_o the_o free_a election_n of_o a_o king_n 2._o that_o he_o will_v pretend_v to_o no_o right_n of_o coin_v money_n but_o will_v entire_o leave_v that_o power_n and_o the_o profit_n thereof_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o republic_n 3._o that_o he_o will_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v all_o the_o former_a article_n of_o peace_n make_v with_o foreign_a prince_n 4._o that_o he_o will_v make_v it_o his_o principal_a care_n to_o preserve_v and_o maintain_v the_o quiet_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o public_a 5._o that_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n he_o will_v not_o
declare_v war_n against_o any_o prince_n bring_v any_o foreign_a troop_n into_o the_o kingdom_n suffer_v no_o soldier_n to_o go_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o levy_v any_o new_a troop_n 6._o that_o all_o the_o field-officer_n shall_v be_v either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o at_o least_o native_n of_o such_o province_n as_o depend_v upon_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n shall_v be_v likewise_o either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n that_o their_o colonel_n or_o chief_a commander_n shall_v be_v a_o polish_v nobleman_n and_o who_o shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n in_o general_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n 8._o that_o as_o to_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o republic_n he_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o his_o privy-seal_n 9_o that_o in_o six_o week_n after_o any_o charge_n or_o office_n vacant_a he_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o bestow_v it_o on_o some_o worthy_a and_o well_o qualify_v polish_v gentleman_n and_o on_o no_o other_o 10._o that_o he_o will_v not_o confer_v on_o any_o one_o person_n the_o office_n benefice_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prescribe_v to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o more_o 11._o that_o he_o will_v not_o marry_v but_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o with_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n who_o shall_v assign_v his_o queen_n that_o retinue_n only_o which_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o convenient_a violate_v this_o article_n king_n michael_n break_v when_o he_o marry_v eleonora_n the_o emperor_n sister_n without_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n but_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o afterward_o repent_v of_o for_o they_o murmur_v heavy_o against_o he_o and_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o tell_v he_o to_o his_o face_n that_o he_o have_v violate_v his_o coronation-oath_n likewise_o when_o prince_n james_n the_o late_a king_n son_n marry_v the_o princess_n of_o newbourg_n the_o senate_n procure_v the_o king_n to_o send_v his_o own_o guard_n that_o no_o german_a guard_n may_v come_v into_o the_o kingdom_n 12._o that_o together_o with_o his_o council_n he_o will_v regulate_v the_o number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v have_v no_o need_n of_o foreign_a troop_n nor_o be_v put_v to_o a_o unusual_a expense_n and_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n to_o preserve_v such_o good_a discipline_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o they_o shall_v commit_v no_o disorder_n either_o in_o their_o quarter_n or_o their_o march_n 13._o that_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n to_o have_v a_o fleet_n that_o he_o shall_v build_v none_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n 14._o that_o he_o will_v no_o way_n diminish_v the_o treasure_n reposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n but_o will_v rather_o study_v to_o increase_v and_o augment_v it_o 15._o that_o he_o will_v borrow_v no_o money_n nor_o consent_n that_o any_o shall_v be_v borrow_a for_o his_o use_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o diet_n 16._o that_o he_o will_v always_o administer_v justice_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n which_o attend_v he_o 17._o that_o for_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o table_n he_o shall_v be_v content_v with_o those_o revenue_n that_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n and_o moreover_o that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o only_o for_o life_n 18._o that_o he_o shall_v not_o introduce_v any_o stranger_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o quality_n soever_o into_o his_o council_n and_o that_o he_o will_v bestow_v no_o office_n dignity_n or_o government_n upon_o they_o 19_o that_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o power_n and_o dignity_n he_o will_v not_o diminish_v or_o abrogate_v any_o of_o the_o office_n at_o his_o disposal_n either_o in_o the_o republic_n or_o court_n 20._o and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v inviolable_o keep_v maintain_v and_o defend_v and_o confirm_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunites_n and_o privilege_n lawful_o grant_v by_o former_a king_n either_o to_o the_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o to_o any_o of_o the_o province_n which_o depend_v upon_o either_o of_o those_o two_o nation_n article_n to_o these_o article_n they_o common_o add_v several_a other_o which_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n elect_v king_n dr._n connor_n say_v when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n he_o hear_v the_o pole_n say_v that_o at_o the_o next_o election_n they_o will_v make_v a_o law_n by_o which_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o reside_v always_o at_o warsaw_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o reason_n that_o make_v they_o think_v of_o this_o be_v because_o the_o late_a king_n almost_o always_o have_v a_o ambulatory_a court_n have_v no_o certain_a or_o fix_a residence_n or_o abide_v for_o sometime_o he_o live_v on_o his_o own_o estate_n in_o prussia_n and_o sometime_o in_o russia_n at_o zolkiew_n and_o so_o ramble_v about_o from_o one_o country_n palace_n to_o another_o where_o oftentimes_o the_o courtier_n ambassador_n or_o several_a gentleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v force_v to_o follow_v he_o about_o business_n find_v but_o very_o indifferent_a lodging_n and_o entertainment_n it_o may_v here_o be_v observe_v that_o at_o new_a election_n they_o always_o make_v some_o new_a constitution_n or_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o abridge_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n swear_v the_o formality_n which_o they_o use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v to_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la be_v as_o follow_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n carry_v these_o article_n before_o the_o king_n after_o mass_n and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o great_a altar_n his_o majesty_n repeat_v after_o the_o chancellor_n these_o word_n oath_n we_o frederick_n augustus_n due_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n duke_n of_o russia_n prussia_n masovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhynia_n podolia_n podlachia_n livonia_n smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n do_v promise_n to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n that_o we_o will_v observe_v maintain_v and_o fulfil_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n between_o our_o ambassador_n and_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o say_a ambassador_n and_o that_o we_o will_v moreover_o perform_v the_o same_o in_o all_o rigour_n vigour_n point_n article_n clause_n and_o condition_n therein_o contain_v all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n election_n when_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n present_v he_o with_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o pole_n make_v use_v of_o these_o precaution_n in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n by_o reason_n that_o if_o they_o at_o any_o time_n act_v contrary_a to_o what_o they_o have_v promise_v they_o may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o remonstrate_v to_o they_o and_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o duty_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n election_n to_o that_o of_o his_o coronation_n the_o great_a or_o petty_a marshal_n do_v not_o carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o he_o that_o when_o he_o issue_v out_o any_o order_n or_o proclamation_n he_o assume_v only_o the_o character_n of_o king-elect_a and_o that_o nothing_o can_v then_o be_v seal_v but_o by_o the_o signet_n successor_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o describe_v the_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n i_o may_v here_o reasonable_o insert_v something_o concern_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n which_o though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o repugnant_a to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o elective_a monarchy_n yet_o a_o father_n will_v have_v always_o that_o respect_n for_o his_o child_n that_o he_o will_v endeavour_v to_o get_v he_o to_o succeed_v he_o even_o while_o he_o live_v so_o sigismond_n ii_o be_v name_v king_n in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o father_n sigismond_n i._n but_o still_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o meddle_v with_o the_o government_n so_o long_o as_o his_o father_n live_v but_o sigismond_n ii_o being_n dead_a the_o diet_n after_o have_v inspect_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n decree_v that_o
with_o a_o pole-axe_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o a_o sabre_n by_o their_o side_n which_o they_o never_o put_v off_o but_o when_o they_o go_v to_o bed_n this_o sabre_n hang_v by_o a_o strap_n of_o leather_n to_o which_o be_v also_o fasten_v a_o hankercheif_n a_o knife_n and_o sheath_n and_o a_o small_a stone_n set_v in_o silver_n to_o whet_v their_o knife_n upon_o they_o wash_v their_o face_n and_o neck_n every_o morning_n in_o cold-water_n and_o the_o father_n be_v accustom_a to_o make_v their_o child_n to_o wash_v themselves_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v stir_v even_o in_o the_o sharp_a wether_n character_n the_o pole_n be_v general_o open-hearted_n and_o honest_a as_o boterus_n observe_v in_o his_o relation_n more_o apt_a to_o be_v deceive_v than_o to_o deceive_v and_o not_o so_o easy_o provoke_v as_o appease_v they_o be_v likewise_o for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o dutiful_a to_o their_o magistrate_n and_o courteous_a and_o hospitable_a to_o stranger_n which_o last_o they_o will_v not_o only_o invite_v to_o their_o house_n and_o free_o converse_v with_o but_o also_o endeavour_v to_o imitate_v i_o have_v know_v some_o say_v hauteville_n that_o have_v entertain_v french_a man_n italian_n and_o german_n who_o they_o do_v not_o know_v mere_o because_o they_o be_v out_o of_o employment_n learning_n from_o their_o green_a year_n they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o letter_n yet_o which_o general_o speak_v seldom_o extend_v much_o beyond_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o latin_a and_o their_o own_o language_n although_o they_o have_v not_o however_o all_o along_o want_v for_o famous_a mathematician_n historian_n orator_n philosopher_n and_o poet_n as_o likewise_o for_o learned_a physician_n lawyer_n and_o divine_n some_o of_o which_o have_v illustrate_v both_o the_o church_n and_o their_o native_a country_n with_o their_o write_n and_o doubtless_o the_o learned_a will_v have_v be_v oblige_v to_o more_o of_o their_o nation_n have_v not_o their_o work_n perish_v for_o want_n of_o print_v which_o art_n have_v be_v but_o late_o receive_v among_o they_o your_o lordship_n will_v find_v no_o people_n with_o who_o you_o may_v more_o general_o converse_v in_o latin_a and_o where_o all_o record_n be_v write_v in_o that_o language_n the_o woman_n also_o learn_v latin_a in_o the_o nunnery_n themselves_o the_o adult_n among_o the_o plebeian_n general_o addict_v themselves_o the_o man_n to_o trade_n or_o agriculture_n and_o the_o woman_n to_o good_a housewifry_n the_o gentry_n also_o apply_v themselves_o to_o serve_v the_o church_n or_o state_n yet_o both_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n be_v often_o give_v to_o travel_v and_o easy_o imbibe_n the_o idiom_n of_o foreign_a nation_n their_o part_n be_v sprightly_a and_o active_a yet_o nevertheless_o more_o apt_a for_o imitation_n than_o invention_n former_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o much_o give_v to_o traffic_n but_o now_o by_o the_o example_n of_o their_o neighbour_n who_o come_v to_o trade_n among_o they_o they_o 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reflect_v on_o those_o state_n that_o have_v a_o great_a many_o fortification_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o but_o one_o battle_n they_o have_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n ruin_v for_o the_o enemy_n be_v once_o get_v into_o their_o stronghold_n be_v not_o easy_o force_v out_o of_o they_o when_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pole_n always_o rally_v in_o a_o field-battle_n and_o have_v no_o place_n to_o retire_v to_o either_o for_o themselves_o or_o their_o enemy_n never_o give_v out_o till_o they_o have_v total_o exclude_v their_o invader_n beside_o the_o pole_n look_v upon_o garrison_n to_o be_v the_o promoter_n of_o effeminacy_n and_o softness_n by_o the_o example_n of_o several_a hero_n of_o antiquity_n for_o the_o courage_n of_o alexander_n and_o hannibal_n be_v altogether_o enervate_v by_o their_o revel_n at_o persepolis_n and_o capua_n and_o boleslaus_n bury_v as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o debauch_n at_o kiovia_n duration_n next_o i_o must_v proceed_v to_o present_v 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great_a marshal_n great_a chancellor_n etc._n etc._n for_o john_n zamoski_n be_v both_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n at_o once_o yet_o this_o be_v afterward_o abrogate_a and_o now_o the_o office_n of_o general_n or_o lieutenant_n general_n be_v usual_o confer_v either_o upon_o the_o palatine_n or_o castellan_n who_o although_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n superior_a to_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o sit_v in_o the_o diet_n when_o the_o other_o be_v to_o stand_v about_o the_o king_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o have_v so_o great_a a_o power_n in_o the_o republic_n this_o office_n be_v not_o long_o since_o perpetual_a but_o now_o by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o it_o be_v to_o expire_v at_o the_o end_n of_o three_o year_n power_n each_o of_o these_o general_n have_v his_o lieutenant_n general_n the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o letter_n to_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_z and_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v here_o the_o title_n the_o pole_n give_v the_o former_a be_v hetman_n polny_n koronni_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a hetman_n polny_n w._n x._o litheuskiego_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o power_n with_o they_o and_o former_o have_v equal_a though_o the_o general_n be_v present_a but_o that_o be_v afterward_o abrogate_a they_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o general_n officer_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o frontier-guard_n which_o be_v independent_a on_o all_o but_o the_o king_n and_o diet_n likewise_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n who_o power_n be_v establish_v by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o next_o may_v be_v reckon_v the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n in_o the_o camp_n who_o office_n have_v be_v describe_v already_o in_o the_o letter_n beforementioned_a next_o to_o these_o general-officer_n come_v the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o another_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n their_o office_n be_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o and_o to_o provide_v the_o army_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o cannon_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o see_v the_o soldier_n want_v for_o no_o ammunition_n after_o these_o may_v be_v rank_v the_o pissarsz_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o intendant_n the_o great_a ensign_n the_o camp-marshal_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o watch_n and_o last_o the_o major_a general_n which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o our_o brigadier_n army_n then_o come_v the_o colonel_n captain_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v two_o other_o sort_n of_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o army_n which_o be_v the_o camp-notary_n and_o the_o roto-magistri_a the_o former_a be_v to_o take_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o army_n every_o three_o month_n and_o to_o transmit_v a_o copy_n thereof_o to_o the_o great_a treasurer_n and_o another_o to_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n but_o in_o lithuania_n this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v every_o month_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n copy_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o general_n the_o roto-magistri_a be_v as_o it_o be_v captains_z or_o centurious_a of_o the_o frontier-guard_n and_o who_o can_v by_o the_o constitution_n enjoy_v such_o a_o commission_n and_o be_v senator_n at_o the_o same_o time_n belli_n as_o to_o the_o law_n relate_v to_o arm_n your_o grace_n may_v first_o be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o though_o the_o king_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o declare_v war_n without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o diet_n yet_o in_o case_n of_o sudden_a incursion_n he_o may_v former_o with_o the_o approbation_n only_o of_o such_o of_o the_o senator_n as_o be_v then_o about_o he_o and_o under_o sigismond_n iii_o there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o war_n assign_v by_o the_o diet_n or_o elect_v by_o the_o little_a diet_n amount_v to_o a_o considerable_a number_n to_o attend_v and_o advise_v in_o those_o matter_n which_o council_n continue_v even_o at_o this_o day_n however_o with_o this_o restraint_n that_o what_o they_o do_v be_v not_o altogether_o valid_a till_o it_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o general_n diet_n but_o as_o to_o offensive_a war_n that_o belong_v peculiarly_a to_o the_o great_a diet_n to_o declare_v the_o king_n in_o like_a manner_n can_v either_o give_v to_o or_o receive_v assistance_n from_o any_o foreign_a prince_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o general_n diet_n neither_o can_v he_o place_v any_o foreigner_n in_o the_o custody_n of_o castle_n or_o fort_n without_o their_o approbation_n the_o pole_n have_v many_o other_o law_n concern_v martial_a discipline_n which_o i_o have_v not_o room_n here_o to_o insert_v only_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o deserter_n be_v punish_v not_o only_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o reputation_n but_o also_o whatever_o else_o they_o have_v in_o the_o world_n be_v consiscate_v to_o the_o sole_a use_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o army_n by_o the_o law_n also_o no_o woman_n be_v suffer_v to_o follow_v the_o camp_n though_o too_o great_a a_o number_n of_o servant_n and_o useless_a rabble_n be_v allow_v of_o insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o army_n of_o but_o 10000_o man_n there_o will_v at_o least_o be_v 50000_o of_o that_o gang._n thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v presume_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o what_o particular_n i_o can_v find_v as_o well_o in_o the_o best_a polish_v historian_n as_o in_o some_o private_a memoir_n relate_v to_o the_o military_a affair_n in_o poland_n and_o which_o i_o hope_v though_o not_o capable_a to_o afford_v what_o satisfaction_n may_v be_v expect_v may_v at_o least_o give_v no_o occasion_n of_o offence_n i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o humble_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n vii_o to_o his_o excellency_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cleverskerk_n ambassador_n in_o ordinary_a to_o his_o majesty_n william_n iii_o from_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n of_o the_o trade_n coin_n and_o riches_n of_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o dantzic_n its_o manner_n privilege_n strength_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n trade_n have_v ever_o be_v just_o esteem_v so_o necessary_a towards_o the_o support_n and_o grandeur_n of_o any_o state_n that_o no_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n have_v hitherto_o be_v find_v so_o stupid_a as_o to_o be_v without_o it_o some_o country_n indeed_o have_v whole_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o own_o dominion_n but_o how_o much_o they_o have_v be_v in_o the_o wrong_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o vast_a advantage_n which_o foreign_a commerce_n have_v bring_v to_o other_o nation_n england_n and_o holland_n be_v sufficient_a demonstration_n of_o this_o assertion_n who_o during_o
one_o in_o the_o suburb_n religion_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n and_o suburb_n be_v general_o germane_a and_o compute_v to_o be_v upward_o of_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o soul_n whereof_o the_o great_a part_n have_v adhere_v to_o the_o auspurg_n confession_n ever_o since_o the_o year_n 1525._o and_o the_o lutheran_n alone_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n in_o the_o government_n yet_o all_o other_o sect_n be_v tolerate_v and_o allow_v a_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n church_n the_o public_a building_n of_o this_o city_n be_v first_o their_o church_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o very_a famous_a viz._n st._n mary_n and_o st._n peter_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v by_o much_o the_o stately_a fabric_n in_o all_o prussia_n be_v very_o highvaulted_a and_o have_v in_o it_o exceed_o fine_a organ_n beside_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v 48_o altar_n 3722_o window_n and_o a_o font_n make_v at_o antwerp_n which_o cost_v 24000_o rixdollar_n or_o 5400_o pound_n sterling_a town-house_n next_o there_o be_v the_o town-house_n where_o the_o magistrate_n sit_v this_o be_v a_o very_a magnificent_a fabric_n with_o a_o exceed_a high_a spire_n it_o have_v abundance_n of_o noble_a inscription_n in_o several_a room_n into_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v the_o court_n of_o judicature_n here_o be_v very_o fine_a be_v all_o build_v with_o freestone_n and_o name_v arlus-house_n from_o its_o founder_n magazine_n in_o this_o city_n be_v three_o magazine_n whereof_o one_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o plentiful_o provide_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o store_n and_o ammunition_n for_o land-force_n etc._n here_o be_v no_o university_n but_o however_o a_o very_a famous_a college_n with_o professor_n of_o all_o faculty_n yet_o who_o do_v not_o give_v the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n here_o be_v likewise_o a_o tolerable_a exchange_n for_o merchant_n to_o meet_v in_o the_o palace_n of_o st._n dominick_n a_o beautiful_a edifice_n a_o college_n for_o jesuit_n etc._n etc._n government_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o dantzic_n extend_v to_o above_o 40_o english_a mile_n circumference_n it_o send_v two_o deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o poland_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o book_n the_o absolute_a government_n of_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o thirty_o senator_n elder_n or_o magistrate_n whereof_o the_o great_a part_n be_v person_n of_o learning_n though_o some_o few_o be_v merchant_n but_o of_o no_o other_o trade_n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n can_v be_v of_o this_o magistracy_n though_o any_o foreigner_n may_v yet_o none_o of_o any_o other_o religion_n but_o the_o lutheran_n except_o the_o calvinist_n whereof_o there_o must_v always_o be_v four_o in_o the_o whole_a senate_n division_n the_o senator_n when_o once_o create_v continue_v the_o same_o for_o life_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a among_o they_o be_v the_o four_o burgomaster_n or_o as_o they_o call_v they_o proconsul_n out_o of_o which_o a_o precedent_n be_v choose_v every_o year_n under_o these_o there_o be_v thirteen_o consul_n who_o choose_v the_o aforesaid_a burgomaster_n out_o of_o their_o body_n as_o often_o as_o they_o die_v away_o they_o likewise_o have_v the_o choose_v of_o all_o other_o officer_n belong_v as_o well_o to_o the_o old_a as_o the_o new_a city_n syndic_n there_o be_v twelve_o scabin_n or_o judge_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o process_n from_o who_o there_o lie_v appeal_n to_o the_o thirteen_o consul_n and_o four_o burgomaster_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n the_o thirty_o senator_n be_v their_o syndic_n or_o orator_n who_o be_v like_o a_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n to_o receive_v and_o compliment_v any_o foreign_a minister_n or_o agent_n he_o take_v place_n of_o all_o the_o scabin_n as_o the_o consul_n and_o burgomaster_n do_v of_o he_o king_n the_o king_n nominate_v every_o year_n out_o of_o the_o consul_n or_o burgomaster_n a_o burgrave_n to_o represent_v his_o person_n in_o the_o senate_n and_o all_o sentence_n of_o death_n must_v be_v sign_v by_o he_o in_o the_o king_n name_n for_o no_o body_n can_v be_v execute_v here_o without_o such_o sign_v i_o may_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o excellency_n that_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n in_o execute_v criminal_n of_o this_o city_n for_o native_n must_v always_o be_v execute_v before_o arlus-house_n and_o foreigner_n near_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o prison_n lie_v all_o that_o be_v execute_v in_o the_o city_n be_v behead_v but_o all_o thief_n and_o robber_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v about_o two_o mile_n out_o of_o town_n at_o a_o famous_a gallow_n support_v by_o four_o pillar_n of_o brick_n power_n to_o represent_v the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o maintain_v their_o privilege_n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o burgher_n choose_v to_o inspect_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o vote_n in_o elect_v the_o clergy_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o senate_n within_o this_o city_n and_o its_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v no_o bishop_n but_o only_o a_o college_n of_o the_o clergy_n who_o have_v no_o power_n except_o to_o examine_v such_o as_o be_v design_v to_o be_v elect_v priest_n by_o the_o senate_n and_o centumviri_n the_o manner_n of_o who_o election_n be_v this_o priest_n the_o candidate_n first_o make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o examine_v he_o which_o do_v they_o give_v he_o a_o certificate_n that_o they_o think_v he_o capable_a and_o allow_v he_o a_o liberty_n to_o preach_v after_o which_o the_o people_n or_o congregation_n of_o some_o parish_n present_v he_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o centumviri_n desire_v he_o may_v be_v elect_v for_o their_o minister_n when_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n he_o be_v elect_v according_o and_o thereupon_o send_v back_o to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v ordain_v which_o be_v perform_v by_o imposition_n of_o hand_n read_v of_o prayer_n and_o some_o other_o ceremony_n this_o be_v likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o elect_v and_o ordain_v the_o clergy_n in_o most_o lutheran_n country_n church_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v four_o roman-catholick_n church_n whereof_o one_o be_v the_o king_n chapel_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v for_o monk_n there_o be_v also_o two_o for_o calvinist_n where_o the_o senate_n have_v no_o power_n to_o nominate_v the_o clergy_n i_o may_v here_o observe_v to_o your_o excellency_n that_o in_o dantzic_n there_o be_v a_o particular_a custom_n relate_v to_o marriage_n which_o be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o roman-catholick_n official_a a_o priest_n who_o by_o his_o power_n can_v oblige_v any_o person_n to_o marry_v a_o woman_n that_o he_o have_v but_o promise_v or_o give_v any_o present_n to_o whatsoever_o though_o the_o party_n never_o mean_v any_o such_o thing_n which_o occasion_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n here_o as_o for_o the_o king_n power_n in_o this_o city_n he_o can_v save_v any_o body_n life_n that_o he_o please_v though_o condemn_v to_o die_v by_o the_o magistrate_n to_o he_o half_o the_o port-custom_n come_v and_o one_o mill_n bring_v he_o in_o every_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n 24_o gold_n ducat_n this_o mill_n be_v move_v by_o the_o rodawn_n which_o run_v through_o the_o city_n it_o grind_v such_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n all_o the_o year_n round_o that_o its_o revenue_n amount_v to_o 4320_o pound_n sterling_a to_o the_o state_n and_o the_o king_n beside_o the_o profit_n make_v by_o the_o proprietor_n the_o city_n be_v oblige_v to_o put_v the_o king_n effigy_n on_o one_o side_n of_o their_o coin_n though_o they_o common_o have_v their_o own_o arm_n on_o the_o other_o when_o the_o king_n come_v thither_o they_o be_v to_o treat_v he_o and_o his_o court_n for_o three_o day_n together_o but_o however_o he_o can_v bring_v but_o a_o few_o of_o his_o guard_n into_o the_o city_n the_o dantzicker_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v always_o a_o secretary_n at_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n who_o as_o dr._n connor_n say_v in_o his_o time_n be_v one_o mr._n alberti_n a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n now_o or_o late_o syndic_n of_o dantzic_n privilege_n as_o for_o the_o city-privilege_n they_o can_v coin_v their_o own_o money_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n choose_v their_o magistrate_n make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v absolute_o in_o matter_n of_o debt_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 500_o guilder_n but_o where_o the_o action_n exceed_v that_o sum_n a_o appeal_n lie_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o poland_n yet_o in_o such_o case_n the_o appellant_n be_v oblige_v to_o lay_v down_o 100_o guilder_n in_o the_o townhouse_n before_o he_o can_v proceed_v and_o this_o be_v to_o deter_v people_n from_o make_v such_o appeal_v for_o the_o dantzicker_n do_v not_o much_o care_n that_o any_o of_o their_o money_n shall_v get_v into_o poland_n but_o where_o they_o can_v help_v it_o sea_n this_o
miâ—ceslaus_n i._n 24._o his_o christian_a wife_n ib._n his_o war_n 25._o ii_o his_o war_n 26._o character_n and_o death_n 27._o iii_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 36._o whence_o surname_v the_o old_a ibid._n be_v dethrone_v 37._o endeavour_n to_o get_v restore_v 38._o be_v restore_v 40._o dethrone_v again_o ibid._n reinthron_v 41._o his_o death_n ibid._n michael_n wiesnowiski_n refuse_v the_o crown_n 144._o accept_v it_o ibid._n proclaim_a crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 145._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o death_n 149._o leave_v no_o issue_n ibid._n bury_v 171._o marienburg_n city_n build_v 51._o it_o be_v description_n 262._o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n king_n elect_n acquaint_v that_o he_o be_v choose_v 87._o prevent_v invade_v poland_n by_o death_n 88_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n rout_v by_o the_o polish_v general_n 109._o beat_v again_o and_o make_v prisoner_n 110._o offer_a liberty_n on_o honourable_a term_n 111._o dissent_n ib._n consent_n ib._n mine_n 245._o of_o cracaw_n 246._o description_n of_o they_o ib._n etc._n etc._n manna_n particular_a sort_n and_o eat_v for_o sauce_n 248._o michalevia_n territory_n it_o be_v description_n 262._o marienburg_n pal._n it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n 262._o their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n masovia_n province_n its_o bound_n 283._o inhabitant_n 284._o division_n into_o palatinate_n ib._n their_o several_a arm_n 288._o 289._o 290._o masovia_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 284._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 285._o their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n mindog_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n acknowledge_v king_n 308._o murder_a 309._o mscislaw_n pal._n description_n 333_o division_n into_o district_n ib._n etc._n etc._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 334._o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 335._o mscislaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 334._o minski_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 337._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 338._o minski_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 337._o n._n number_n of_o polish_v prince_n 9_o of_o town_n and_o village_n in_o poland_n 217_o etc._n etc._n novogrodec_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 332._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 333._o novogrodec_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 332._o o._n oliva_n treaty_n there_o 133._o p._n poland_n its_o origin_n 3._o whence_o so_o call_v 5._o what_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n ib._n by_o who_o found_v ib._n its_o policy_n 7._o make_v a_o figure_n in_o the_o ixth_o century_n 20._o it_o be_v ancient_a extent_n 213._o increase_v by_o conquest_n ib._n by_o policy_n 214._o present_a extent_n 225._o its_o bound_n and_o soil_n 216._o its_o product_n 217._o cilmate_fw-it 218._o river_n ib._n their_o several_a course_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o lake_n 220._o pole_n when_o first_o christian_n 24._o march_z to_o recover_v podolia_n 148._o conquer_v but_o fail_v in_o their_o design_n ib._n etc._n etc._n popiel_n i._n 16._o his_o vice_n and_o death_n ib._n ii_o ib._n judgement_n upon_o he_o 17._o piastus_n 21._o cause_o of_o his_o election_n ib._n his_o virtue_n and_o death_n 22._o how_o long_o his_o family_n reign_v ib._n give_v the_o name_n of_o piasto_n 23._o patron_n of_o poland_n 30._o premislus_n when_o crown_v 48._o murder_a ib._n prophecy_n comical_a 108._o post_n when_o first_o settle_v in_o poland_n 123._o peace_n conclude_v with_o the_o turk_n 173._o how_o long_o last_v ib._n prince_n james_n his_o character_n 188._o intend_a marriage_n disappoint_v ib._n marry_v to_o another_o 189._o weak_a and_o sickly_a ib._n officiate_n as_o ambassador_n 192._o resign_v his_o interest_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n 206._o princess_n john_n iii'_v daughter_n her_o character_n 190._o her_o marriage_n ib._n portion_n 191._o ceremony_n of_o her_o marriage_n ib._n equipage_n for_o her_o journey_n to_o brussels_n 193._o reception_n at_o berlin_n 195._o be_v meet_v by_o the_o elector_n 196._o proceed_v on_o her_o journey_n 197._o arrival_n at_o brussels_n 198._o physician_n a_o consultation_n of_o they_o 199._o posnan_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 221._o posnania_n palatinate_n its_o arm_n 226._o prussia_n province_n its_o bound_n 257._o product_n ib._n rivers_n 258._o lake_n ib._n division_n 259._o officer_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a council_n ib._n its_o arm_n 265._o prussia_n royal_a division_n into_o palatinate_n 259._o prussia_n dueal_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n 264._o pomerania_n pal._n 260._o premislaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 269._o podolia_n pal_z wherefore_o famous_a 274._o division_n into_o district_n ib._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o several_a description_n 175_o etc._n etc._n plosko_fw-mi pal._n division_n into_o district_n 288._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n plosko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 288._o podlachia_n province_n its_o bound_n 296._o division_n into_o district_n ib._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 〈◊〉_d their_o description_n 297_o etc._n etc._n arm_n of_o the_o proâ—ovince_n 298._o pinsko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 331._o polocz_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 338._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 339._o polocz_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 338._o q._n queen-dowager's_a zeal_n 156._o king_n michael_n assign_v a_o jointure_n 166._o queen_n john_n iii'_v first_o come_v into_o poland_n 186._o her_o first_o marriage_n ib._n age_n and_o qualification_n ib._n etc._n etc._n her_o address_n in_o dispose_v of_o employment_n 187._o r._n rochester_n lord_n his_o embassy_n into_o poland_n 172._o have_v audience_n of_o the_o queen_n at_o dantzick_n ib._n make_v a_o present_a to_o the_o princess_n ib._n receive_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o camp_n 173._o have_v public_a audience_n at_o zolkiew_n ib._n manner_n thereof_o ib._n his_o return_n home_o ib._n respect_n little_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n child_n 189._o rava_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 230._o its_o city_n and_o town_n ib._n etc._n etc._n rava_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 230_o etc._n etc._n russia_n province_n division_n and_o description_n 266._o division_n into_o palatinate_n ib._n arm_n 276_o 280_o 281_o 283._o russia_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 267._o their_o several_a arm_n 269_o 271._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n rosienia_n capital_a of_o samogitia_n it_o be_v description_n 293._o religion_n ancient_a and_o present_a of_o lithuania_n 339_o etc._n etc._n s_o stratagem_n succeed_v 14._o defeat_v 15._o sigismond_n i._n when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 69._o defeat_v a_o conspiracy_n and_o army_n ib._n other_o war_n ib._n etc._n etc._n his_o marriage_n 70._o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n ib._n grant_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n to_o dantzickers_n ib._n war_n with_o knight_n end_v by_o mediation_n 71._o force_v other_o invader_n to_o retire_v ib._n his_o death_n and_o age_n 72._o his_o character_n marriage_n and_o issue_n ib._n ii_o surname_v augustus_n when_o crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 75._o his_o marriage_n displease_v the_o diet_n 76._o unite_v livonia_n to_o poland_n 77._o his_o war_n with_o the_o moscovite_n ib._n force_v the_o czar_n to_o a_o peace_n 78._o send_v a_o army_n to_o support_v bogdan_n in_o valachia_n ib._n oblige_v to_o return_v home_o ib._n rather_o favour_v than_o disturb_v the_o lutheran_n 79._o hear_v several_a of_o their_o preacher_n ib._n incline_v most_o bishop_n to_o that_o persuasion_n ib._n a_o great_a escape_n he_o have_v ib._n his_o death_n and_o issue_n ib._n stephen_n batori_fw-la king_n receive_v and_o crown_v 88_o primate_n submit_v ib._n who_o great_o assist_v to_o he_o in_o his_o election_n ib._n his_o rise_n 89._o his_o marriage_n ib._n more_o severe_a in_o punishment_n than_o law_n allow_v 90._o encourage_v speak_v latin_n 91._o a_o wonder_n to_o the_o french_a ib._n his_o war_n ib._n be_v refuse_v to_o name_v a_o successor_n 100_o his_o character_n ib._n his_o death_n and_o epitaph_n ib._n etc._n etc._n sigismond_n de_fw-fr vasa_n king_n ambassador_n send_v to_o acquaint_v he_o 107._o be_v crown_v in_o poland_n 109._o his_o marriage_n 111._o crown_v king_n of_o sweden_n 112._o depose_v there_o ib._n cause_n of_o his_o war_n with_o the_o moscovite_n 113._o his_o war_n with_o the_o turk_n 115._o invasion_n by_o gustavus_n adolthus_n 116._o sigismund_n death_n ib._n his_o character_n ib._n speech_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o premislaw_n 119._o another_o appease_v heat_n 143._o another_o by_o the_o palatin_n of_o russia_n 160._o byasses_n poland_n and_o part_n of_o lithuania_n 161._o senator_n of_o great_a poland_n 225_o 227_o 229_o 232_o 233_o 236._o of_o lesser_n poland_n 248_o 254_o 256._o of_o prussia_n 265._o of_o russia_n 274_o 276_o 277_o 280_o 281_o 283._o of_o masovia_n 287_o 289_o 290._o of_o samogitia_n 294._o of_o volhynia_n 296._o of_o podlachia_n 298._o of_o lithuania-prope_a 328_o 330_o 331._o of_o lithuanic-russia_n 333_o 335_o 336_o 338_o 339._o
to_o be_v in_o english_a hand_n ibid._n *_o whence_o have_v its_o name_n 114_o *_o u._n vilna_n bishop_n of_o his_o diocese_n 43._o vilna_n castellan_n of_o prefer_v wherefore_o 55._o varmia_n bishop_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o see_v 44._o vote_n intend_a limitation_n like_a to_o produce_v a_o bad_a effect_n 104._o who_o have_v they_o in_o election_n of_o a_o king_n 144._o volunteer_n what_o in_o poland_n 17_o *_o example_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o select_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n 18_o *_o university_n two_o in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n 75_o *_o chief_a study_n there_o ibid._n *_o have_v no_o solid_a learning_n 78_o *_o w._n woman_n polish_v their_o former_a and_o late_a fashion_n 197._o very_o modest_a 200._o exception_n 201._o their_o liberty_n restrain_v ibid._n war_n two_o quality_n necessary_a there_o 26_o *_o z._n zuppars_n what_o 80._o vide_fw-la mine_n finis_fw-la from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 1698._o former_a power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n a._n d._n 1574._o advantage_n thereby_o why_o european_a prince_n court_v the_o polish_v gentry_n nobility_n resolve_v thereupon_o abridge_v the_o ancient_a power_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o constitute_v a_o republic_n division_n of_o the_o people_n of_o poland_n the_o diet._n it_o be_v power_n motive_n for_o a_o mix_a government_n a_o motive_n ii_o motive_n iii_o motive_n advantage_n of_o a_o mix_a government_n division_n of_o the_o republic_n king_n present_a power_n and_o prerogatives_n his_o happiness_n unhappiness_n a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o state_n instance_n of_o pole_n affection_n to_o their_o king_n modern_a king_n power_n abroad_o and_o at_o home_o the_o great_a respect_n pay_v he_o his_o title_n and_o other_o prerogative_n his_o pension_n houshold-officer_n and_o guard_n queen_n consort_n court_n how_o maintain_v king_n patrimonial_a estate_n and_o perquisites_n late_a king_n be_v great_a riches_n the_o crown_n revenue_n queen_n revenue_n the_o king_n power_n limit_v in_o several_a respect_n nobility_n only_o capable_a of_o preferment_n other_o limitation_n of_o the_o king_n power_n inconvenience_n thereby_o why_o he_o be_v pay_v so_o great_a respect_n city_n present_v their_o key_n upon_o his_o approach_n why_o he_o can_v raise_v no_o force_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet._n his_o legitimate_a issue_n great_o respect_v his_o illegitimate_a as_o much_o slight_v mean_v to_o continue_v the_o crown_n in_o one_o family_n why_o the_o k._n of_o poland_n can_v imitate_v he_o of_o denmark_n not_o unhappy_a because_o he_o can_v secure_v the_o succession_n to_o his_o family_n crown_n and_o court_n officer_n gentleman_n pensioner_n horse-guard_n court_n officer_n in_o lithuania_n and_o in_o several_a province_n chief_z officer_n of_o queen_n court._n principal_a officer_n of_o primate_n court._n what_o peculiar_a to_o he_o the_o senate_n and_o its_o office_n senator_n by_o who_o make_v and_o their_o oath_n four_o to_o attend_v the_o king_n and_o wherefore_o senators_z not_o suffer_v to_o travel_v travel_v vide_fw-la sueton._n cap._n 42._o in_o vita_fw-la jul._n caesar_n &_o tacit_fw-la lib_n 12._o annal._n cap._n 23._o this_o title_n not_o bestow_v by_o its_o self_n senator_n office_n extreme_o prize_v their_o dignity_n their_o division_n and_o subdivision_n diocese_n of_o poland_n peculiar_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o two_o archbishop_n ecclesiastical_a senator_n his_o power_n and_o state_n his_o power_n as_o inter._n rex_fw-la why_o entrust_v so_o much_o his_o see_n two_o other_o bishop_n in_o leopol_n those_o of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n their_o tenet_n ceremony_n and_o ornoment_n his_o bishopric_n and_o power_n his_o residence_n and_o precedence_n his_o see_n precedence_n and_o authority_n several_a place_n of_o residence_n his_o diocese_n his_o diocese_n his_o jurisdiction_n and_o see_n his_o jurisdiction_n and_o see_n his_o diocese_n here_o be_v a_o greek_a bishop_n likewise_o bishop_n of_o curland_n yet_o have_v no_o see_n his_o precedence_n and_o see_n he_o see_v translate_v and_o wherefore_o honorary_a a_o greek_a bishop_n former_o primate_n of_o moscovy_n honorary_a honorary_a each_o bishop_n have_v a_o kind_a of_o little_a court_n their_o precedence_n in_o the_o diet_n and_o large_a revenue_n religion_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n conversion_n and_o several_a persuasion_n of_o the_o pole_n socinian_o expel_v 1658._o 1673._o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n and_o other_o religion_n in_o poland_n the_o roman_a catholic_n prevail_v and_o always_o prefer_v privilege_n of_o regular_a clergy_n their_o dissolute_a life_n fast_n how_o observe_v in_o poland_n manner_n of_o the_o secular_a clergy_n the_o pole_n behaviour_n at_o church_n their_o church_n division_n and_o subdivision_n of_o lay_n senator_n palatine_n etc._n etc._n with_o their_o precedence_n 1._o lay-senator_n prefer_v and_o wherefore_o 1130._o 1130._o duglossus_n lib._n 4._o annal._n polon_n p._n 369._o prefer_v for_o what_o reason_n reason_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 3._o p._n 504._o prefer_v and_o why_o wherefore_o prefer_v and_o how_o choose_v honorary_a palatinate_n why_o he_o have_v the_o title_n of_o the_o province_n honorary_a palatinate_n honorary_a palatinate_n former_o seat_n of_o teutonic_n knight_n honorary_a palatinate_n great_a part_n honorary_a honorary_a palatinate_n duty_n and_o office_n of_o palatine_n palatine_n hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o p._n 506._o etc._n etc._n vice_n palatine_n and_o how_o qualify_v duty_n of_o castellan_n their_o division_n qualification_n office_n and_o title_n great_a castellan_n and_o their_o precedence_n lay-senator_n honorary_a honorary_a honorary_a honorary_a lesser_a castellan_n no_o enjoy_n plurality_n of_o office_n castellan_n how_o call_v in_o polish_v the_o ten_o crown-officer_n those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n precede_v lay-senator_n his_o office_n power_n and_o authority_n duty_n and_o privilege_n his_o perquisites_n deputy_n and_o who_o officiate_n in_o case_n of_o absence_n qualification_n of_o these_o of_o the_o kingdom_n kingdom_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o p._n 528._o both_o have_v seal_n and_o equal_a authority_n their_o office_n and_o power_n succeed_v each_o other_o how_o ought_v to_o be_v qualify_v their_o office_n and_o authority_n a_o remarkable_a breach_n of_o trust_n contend_v for_o precedence_n but_o refuse_v it_o extra-senatorial_a officer_n great_a general_n have_v equal_a authority_n their_o power_n and_o duty_n king_n interest_n to_o head_n his_o army_n present_v great_a general_n dignity_n successive_a lieutenant-general_n and_o their_o office_n chief_a commander_n of_o the_o guard_n other_o great_a officer_n in_o the_o army_n camp-notary_n captain_n of_o guard_n against_o incursion_n great_a secretary_n and_o their_o authority_n referendary_n and_o their_o office_n cupbearer_n carver_n sword-bearer_n court-treasurer_n and_o their_o office_n treasurer_n of_o prussia_n associate_n to_o judge_n chief_a notary_n register_n inchancery_n escheator_n commissioner_n of_o custom_n house_n governor_n of_o mine_n governor_n of_o the_o mint_n court-officer_n civil_a officer_n of_o district_n vice-chamberlain_n and_o his_o office_n chamberlain_n judge_n and_o assistant_n prothonotary_n head_n collector_n other_o officer_n and_o why_o so_o call_v military_a officer_n of_o district_n starostas_n with_o jurisdiction_n vice-starostas_a etc._n etc._n jurisdiction_n of_o starostas_n starostas_n without_o jurisdiction_n burgraves_n and_o their_o office_n revenue_n of_o starostaship_n zuppars_n what_o what_o the_o diet_n be_v by_o who_o call_v and_o where_o and_o how_o often_o meet_a manner_n of_o call_v it_o and_o proceed_n thereupon_o where_o the_o little_a diet_n meet_v i._o in_o great_a poland_n poland_n vide_fw-la herburt_n voice_fw-la comitia_fw-la p._n 92._o and_o in_o edit_n polon_n p._n 257._o podlachia_n and_o masovia_n ii_o in_o little-poland_n iii_o in_o lithuania_n iv._o in_o prussia_n v._o in_o russia_n vi_o in_o volhynia_n vii_o in_o samogitia_n qualification_n for_o and_o manner_n of_o vote_v in_o little_a diet_n who_o and_o how_o many_o choose_a deputy_n with_o their_o instruction_n proceed_n in_o little_a diet_n diet_n hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o p._n 682._o etc._n etc._n deputy_n how_o choose_v choose_v hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o p._n 689._o can_v be_v senator_n their_o salary_n when_o first_o send_v vide_fw-la constitut_n an._n 1581._o p._n 375._o their_o general_a meeting_n diet_n divide_v into_o three_o nation_n speaker_n how_o choose_v and_o heat_n thereupon_o how_o occasion_v next_o proceed_v further_o proceed_n reflection_n of_o hauteville_n speaker_n request_v for_o the_o deputy_n his_o authority_n proceed_n in_o the_o low_a house_n conference_n be_v with_o the_o upper_a and_o nuncios_fw-la power_n confirm_v and_o encourage_v their_o privilege_n privilege_n constitut_n an._n 1649._o committee_n how_o long_o sit_v upper_a house_n how_o employ_v manner_n of_o break_v up_o session_n in_o the_o low_a two_o house_n join_v speaker_n power_n devolve_v to_o great_a marshal_n where_o the_o king_n suspend_v his_o opinion_n what_o require_v to_o establish_v a_o law_n where_o it_o can_v be_v print_v session_n of_o the_o diet_n limit_v wherefore_o affair_n treat_v of_o in_o the_o grand_a