foreign_a birth_n yet_o so_o far_o gain_v the_o general_a affection_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o commoner_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o ask_v nothing_o but_o security_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o property_n that_o no_o commotion_n afterward_o raise_v by_o the_o noble_n and_o clergy_n against_o his_o government_n though_o in_o favour_n of_o a_o better_a right_n and_o title_n be_v ever_o support_v by_o the_o commons_o who_o compose_v the_o mass_n and_o bulk_n of_o a_o nation_n and_o who_o general_a good_a or_o ill_a humour_n satisfaction_n or_o discontent_n will_v ever_o have_v the_o most_o forcible_a influence_n for_o the_o preservation_n or_o ruin_n of_o any_o state_n beside_o the_o good_a and_o profitable_a institution_n and_o order_n of_o this_o king_n already_o mention_v so_o general_o approve_v and_o so_o grateful_a to_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v other_o of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o which_o have_v a_o contrary_a effect_n by_o distaste_v and_o disoblige_v many_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n and_o most_o or_o all_o of_o the_o clergy_n though_o some_o be_v so_o cautious_a as_o not_o to_o lose_v their_o dignity_n or_o revenue_n by_o express_v their_o resentment_n the_o offence_n take_v by_o these_o last_o be_v first_o the_o abrogate_a or_o surcease_n the_o judiciary_n power_n exercise_v by_o the_o bishop_n during_o the_o saxon_a time_n in_o each_o county_n where_o justice_n be_v administer_v and_o the_o bishop_n with_o the_o alderman_n or_o earl_n of_o each_o shire_n sit_v as_o judge_n in_o those_o court_n which_o increase_v not_o only_o their_o authority_n but_o their_o revenue_n too_o by_o a_o share_n they_o have_v with_o the_o king_n in_o all_o fine_n raise_v from_o the_o issue_n of_o cause_n there_o determine_v but_o all_o this_o be_v abolish_v by_o the_o king_n institution_n of_o justiciaries_n to_o administer_v justice_n upon_o all_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o other_o among_o subject_n at_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n this_o give_v particular_a offence_n to_o the_o bishop_n but_o another_o to_o the_o whole_a clergy_n for_o whereas_o before_o they_o hold_v all_o their_o land_n by_o franc_n almonage_n and_o subject_a to_o no_o duty_n or_o imposition_n but_o such_o as_o they_o lay_v upon_o themselves_o in_o their_o ecclesiastical_a assembly_n this_o prince_n find_v above_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o consist_v in_o knight_n service_n lessen_v in_o proportion_n by_o their_o immunity_n he_o reduce_v all_o their_o land_n to_o the_o common_a tenure_n of_o knight_n fee_n and_o baronage_n and_o thereby_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o attendance_n upon_o the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n and_o to_o other_o service_n ancient_o due_a and_o sometime_o raise_v upon_o all_o land_n that_o hold_v in_o fee_n from_o the_o crown_n this_o innovation_n touch_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n but_o all_o the_o abbot_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n many_o of_o who_o be_v endow_v with_o so_o great_a land_n and_o revenue_n that_o in_o right_o thereof_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o regular_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n allow_v session_n with_o the_o bishop_n as_o baron_n in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o whole_a clergy_n exclaim_v against_o this_o new_a institution_n not_o only_o as_o a_o indignity_n and_o injustice_n but_o as_o a_o impiety_n too_o and_o violation_n of_o the_o sacred_a right_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n but_o their_o complaint_n be_v without_o redress_n though_o not_o without_o ill_a consequence_n the_o discontent_n among_o many_o of_o the_o great_a noble_n arise_v chief_o from_o two_o occasion_n the_o first_o be_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o forest_n law_n and_o of_o their_o execution_n and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o king_n be_v too_o apparent_a partiality_n to_o his_o norman_n to_o know_v the_o ground_n or_o pretence_n of_o these_o forest_n law_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o run_v up_o to_o their_o original_a in_o the_o first_o seizure_n and_o distribution_n make_v of_o the_o british_a land_n by_o the_o conquer_a saxon_n beside_o those_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n or_o divide_v among_o the_o people_n and_o hold_v by_o the_o tenor_n either_o of_o knight_n service_n or_o of_o book-land_n as_o it_o be_v term_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o thereby_o distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o villeinage_n there_o be_v many_o great_a tract_n of_o barren_a wild_a or_o woody_a land_n leave_v undisposed_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n waste_v so_o great_a number_n of_o british_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o war_n or_o retire_v into_o wales_n cornwall_n britanny_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o new_a saxon_n not_o content_a to_o share_v among_o they_o any_o land_n but_o such_o as_o be_v fruitful_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v cultivate_v these_o be_v enclose_v or_o improve_v as_o well_o as_o inhabit_v by_o the_o new_a proprietor_n and_o the_o other_o left_a waist_n as_o well_o as_o undisposed_a to_o any_o certain_a owner_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v as_o have_v be_v observe_v very_o full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o wild_a game_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o live_v at_o large_a without_o any_o enclosure_n little_a property_n and_o subsist_v much_o upon_o hunt_v fish_v and_o fowl_v which_o they_o have_v all_o in_o common_a upon_o the_o enclose_v or_o cultivate_v of_o the_o fruitful_a land_n by_o the_o saxon_n the_o wild_a beast_n natural_o afraid_a of_o neighbour_n who_o they_o find_v to_o be_v all_o enemy_n flee_v into_o the_o wild_a woody_a and_o desolate_a tract_n of_o land_n where_o they_o find_v shelter_n and_o feed_v though_o hardly_o yet_o out_o of_o common_a sight_n and_o noise_n and_o hereby_o all_o those_o part_n become_v replenish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o game_n especial_o with_o red_a and_o fallow-deer_n and_o make_v all_o those_o several_a extent_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v forest_n the_o saxon_a king_n esteem_v these_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o their_o right_n to_o all_o possession_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a owner_n and_o by_o their_o never_o have_v be_v dispose_v upon_o the_o first_o division_n of_o land_n in_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n nor_o afterward_o by_o any_o grant_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o right_n be_v not_o dispute_v nor_o any_o use_n of_o it_o make_v further_o than_o for_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o by_o they_o restrain_v from_o the_o noble_n or_o knight_n that_o be_v borderer_n upon_o the_o forest_n who_o be_v so_o moderate_a in_o those_o more_o simple_a age_n as_o to_o commit_v no_o excess_n or_o destroy_v the_o game_n which_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o preserve_v both_o for_o their_o sport_n and_o the_o quarry_n and_o for_o some_o use_n make_v of_o it_o for_o common_a pasturage_n among_o all_o the_o border_a neighbour_n william_n the_o conqueror_n not_o only_o seize_v upon_o all_o these_o forest_n as_o part_n of_o his_o own_o demesn_n but_o make_v a_o very_a large_a one_o in_o hampshire_n beside_o those_o he_o find_v by_o lay_v waist_n and_o leave_v uninhabited_a great_a extent_n of_o land_n which_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v fall_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o ancient_a succession_n or_o by_o new_a forfeiture_n and_o this_o he_o call_v the_o new_a forest_n which_o name_v after_o so_o long_a a_o course_n of_o age_n it_o still_o retain_v in_o all_o these_o forest_n he_o pretend_v a_o absolute_a right_n and_o dominion_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o institute_v new_a and_o arbitrary_a law_n of_o his_o own_o unused_a and_o unknown_a before_o in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o very_o different_a from_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n he_o confine_v all_o hunt_n or_o fowl_v in_o these_o forest_n to_o himself_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v right_o to_o it_o by_o his_o concession_n or_o permission_n he_o impose_v fine_n upon_o all_o trespass_n commit_v in_o they_o according_a to_o his_o own_o pleasure_n and_o which_o seem_v much_o to_o exceed_v the_o fault_n or_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n these_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v levy_v with_o great_a rigour_n and_o exaction_n and_o thereby_o debar_v not_o only_o his_o commoner_n but_o his_o noble_n too_o from_o a_o liberty_n they_o have_v before_o always_o enjoy_v though_o he_o take_v care_n not_o to_o provoke_v the_o commoner_n by_o leave_v pasturage_n free_a for_o such_o of_o the_o neighbour_n who_o live_v most_o upon_o their_o stock_n and_o thereby_o take_v no_o greeat_a offence_n at_o the_o restraint_n from_o their_o sport_n which_o they_o have_v not_o time_n from_o their_o labour_n much_o to_o follow_v yet_o the_o noble_n and_o knight_n who_o value_v their_o sport_n more_o than_o common_a gain_n and_o make_v use_v of_o their_o riches_n but_o for_o increase_n of_o their_o pleasure_n resent_v this_o restraint_n as_o a_o sensible_a injury_n as_o a_o invasion_n
from_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n in_o two_o several_a expedition_n with_o mighty_a number_n of_o a_o brave_a but_o barbarous_a people_n have_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o first_o ravage_v the_o coast_n of_o holland_n and_o flanders_n then_o enter_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o sein_fw-fr subject_v the_o country_n by_o unresisted_a arm_n then_o take_v the_o city_n of_o roven_n capital_a of_o that_o province_n upon_o composition_n and_o make_v inroad_n from_o thence_o into_o the_o isle_n of_o france_n and_o near_o paris_n itself_o with_o such_o fury_n and_o success_n that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n embroil_v then_o at_o home_n think_v fit_a to_o tame_v these_o lion_n rather_o than_o long_a to_o oppose_v they_o and_o throw_v they_o that_o noble_a and_o fruitful_a morsel_n of_o normandy_n to_o assuage_v their_o hunger_n yield_v it_o up_o whole_o to_o their_o leader_n roul_n upon_o condition_n of_o his_o turn_a christian_n and_o his_o hold_v that_o duchy_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n for_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n after_o these_o ceremony_n be_v pass_v of_o the_o homage_n receive_v in_o normandy_n and_o give_v in_o france_n the_o old_a duke_n robert_n deliver_v his_o young_a son_n himself_o into_o the_o hand_n and_o tutelage_n of_o the_o french_a king_n upon_o the_o confidence_n of_o great_a service_n he_o have_v former_o do_v he_o in_o dispute_n about_o the_o crown_n and_o immediate_o after_o these_o transaction_n begin_v his_o voyage_n into_o asia_n where_o he_o live_v not_o long_o and_o leave_v his_o son_n to_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o his_o own_o fortune_n rather_o than_o heir_n of_o his_o father_n which_o he_o find_v expose_v to_o all_o sort_n of_o danger_n from_o the_o tenderness_n of_o his_o age_n the_o reproach_n of_o his_o birth_n a_o suspect_a guardian_n a_o dispute_v title_n and_o a_o distract_a state_n after_o the_o news_n of_o duke_n robert_n decease_n the_o noble_n of_o normandy_n by_o he_o entrust_v with_o the_o government_n during_o his_o son_n minority_n find_v themselves_o soon_o involve_v in_o many_o difficulty_n by_o the_o open_a faction_n of_o some_o noble_n who_o envy_v their_o greatness_n and_o by_o the_o private_a practice_n of_o other_o who_o be_v derive_v from_o some_o of_o the_o former_a duke_n resolve_v to_o set_v up_o their_o pretence_n to_o the_o succession_n but_o mask_v their_o design_n at_o first_o and_o herd_v with_o the_o common_a discontent_n against_o the_o present_a administration_n the_o governor_n faithful_a to_o the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o by_o the_o father_n and_o the_o fealty_n they_o have_v swear_v to_o the_o son_n esteem_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o young_a prince_n necessary_a to_o support_v their_o authority_n and_o his_o title_n and_o thereupon_o prevail_v with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o send_v he_o into_o normandy_n which_o he_o do_v according_o with_o great_a honour_n to_o himself_o and_o kindness_n to_o the_o young_a duke_n as_o well_o as_o satisfaction_n to_o all_o his_o loyal_a subject_n but_o to_o the_o disappointment_n of_o those_o who_o pretend_v their_o discontent_n rather_o against_o the_o governor_n than_o the_o succession_n no_o prince_n ever_o come_v so_o early_o into_o the_o care_n and_o thorn_n of_o a_o crown_n nor_o feel_v they_o long_o engage_v in_o difficulty_n and_o toil_n in_o hardship_n and_o danger_n his_o life_n expose_v to_o the_o arm_n of_o enemy_n the_o plot_n of_o assassins_n his_o reign_n embroil_v by_o the_o revolt_v of_o his_o subject_n the_o invasion_n of_o his_o neighbour_n and_o his_o whole_a life_n though_o very_o long_o spend_v in_o the_o necessary_a and_o dangerous_a defence_n of_o his_o own_o title_n and_o dominion_n or_o in_o the_o ambitious_a design_n of_o acquire_v great_a yet_o none_o ever_o surmount_v all_o with_o more_o constancy_n of_o mind_n prudence_n of_o conduct_n and_o felicity_n of_o fortune_n by_o all_o which_o he_o seem_v bear_v to_o have_v be_v rather_o a_o great_a prince_n than_o a_o happy_a man._n his_o first_o contest_v and_o danger_n arise_v from_o the_o declare_a competition_n of_o the_o pretender_n to_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o duchy_n who_o favour_v by_o the_o defect_n of_o his_o birth_n and_o ground_v their_o title_n upon_o their_o own_o legitimate_a descent_n find_v so_o many_o follower_n at_o home_n and_o such_o assistance_n from_o some_o neighbour_a prince_n that_o agree_v together_o against_o the_o present_a possessor_n though_o dispute_v among_o themselves_o upon_o their_o own_o right_n they_o raise_v great_a force_n and_o constrain_v the_o young_a duke_n to_o appear_v not_o only_o at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o counsel_n but_o of_o his_o army_n too_o by_o that_o time_n he_o be_v full_o seventeen_o year_n old_a these_o civil_a war_n continue_v long_o with_o many_o various_a success_n bloody_a encounter_n defeat_v and_o recruit_v of_o troop_n surprise_v sack_v besiege_v relieve_v of_o town_n and_o waste_v of_o country_n till_o at_o last_o the_o duke_n by_o his_o vigilance_n prudence_n courage_n and_o industry_n subdue_v total_o not_o only_o the_o force_n but_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o his_o competitor_n and_o enemy_n at_o home_n and_o force_v they_o to_o quit_v both_o normandy_n and_o france_n and_o seek_v new_a fortune_n or_o at_o least_o protection_n in_o italy_n under_o the_o banner_n and_o service_n of_o those_o northern_a prince_n who_o have_v first_o by_o assist_v their_o friend_n and_o then_o pursue_v their_o own_o fortune_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o apulia_n calabria_n and_o sicily_n so_o great_a be_v the_o prowess_n and_o conduct_n of_o those_o brave_a norman_a adventurer_n that_o from_o pruhan_n as_o the_o french_a call_v they_o because_o they_o can_v not_o stay_v at_o home_n but_o leave_v their_o own_o country_n to_o seek_v room_n in_o foreign_a and_o distant_a region_n they_o become_v possessor_n and_o sovereign_n in_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o year_n of_o one_o noble_a duchy_n in_o france_n a_o great_a kingdom_n in_o the_o best_a part_n of_o italy_n and_o a_o great_a yet_o and_o more_o renown_a in_o the_o british_a isle_n and_o thereby_o exchange_v the_o savage_a wood_n and_o barren_a mountain_n of_o norway_n for_o three_o of_o the_o fruitfull_a fair_a and_o most_o pleasant_a country_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o which_o have_v be_v observe_v both_o before_o and_o since_o to_o produce_v the_o brave_a body_n and_o courage_n of_o any_o province_n among_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n the_o defeat_v and_o final_a overthrow_n of_o competitor_n at_o home_n give_v duke_n william_n no_o long_o quiet_a for_o another_o appear_v from_o abroad_o more_o dangerous_a than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a this_o be_v martel_n earl_n of_o anjou_n that_o be_v not_o only_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a possession_n but_o yet_o more_o formidable_a by_o the_o alliance_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o jealous_a of_o the_o norman_a greatness_n think_v it_o both_o wise_a and_o just_a to_o prevent_v its_o further_a growth_n and_o abate_v a_o neighbour_n power_n before_o it_o grow_v too_o high_a and_o perhaps_o out_o of_o his_o reach_n by_o the_o conduct_n ambition_n and_o fortune_n of_o such_o a_o aspire_a prince_n to_o this_o end_n and_o upon_o small_a pretence_n which_o never_o fail_v a_o strong_a invader_n he_o encourage_v if_o not_o set_v on_o foot_n the_o earl_n of_o anjou_n pretension_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n give_v he_o first_o his_o countenance_n and_o assistance_n to_o justfie_v his_o claim_n and_o pursue_v it_o by_o arm_n but_o by_o degree_n engage_v in_o a_o open_a and_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o duke_n this_o he_o prosecute_v with_o much_o passion_n and_o violence_n employ_v in_o it_o not_o only_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v raise_v but_o his_o own_o person_n to_o command_v they_o attend_v by_o many_o the_o chief_a noble_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o many_o great_a person_n of_o his_o ally_n duke_n william_n lose_v nothing_o of_o his_o temper_n or_o courage_n upon_o the_o approach_n of_o so_o great_a a_o storm_n but_o prepare_v first_o for_o his_o defence_n till_o flesh_v with_o success_n in_o many_o encounter_n and_o trust_v to_o the_o bravery_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o army_n though_o much_o inferior_a to_o the_o french_a he_o bring_v the_o quarrel_n to_o the_o decision_n of_o two_o fierce_a battle_n in_o two_o pitch_a field_n the_o first_o end_v in_o a_o entire_a victory_n on_o the_o duke_n side_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o three_o part_n of_o his_o enemy_n amount_v to_o above_o thirty_o thousand_o man_n this_o loss_n however_o rather_o enrage_v than_o discourage_v the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o give_v himself_o or_o his_o enemy_n no_o quiet_a till_o he_o engage_v the_o norman_n in_o a_o second_o battle_n with_o great_a force_n and_o rage_n on_o both_o side_n but_o with_o the_o same_o success_n the_o former_a have_v end_v in_o this_o field_n the_o
by_o another_o tenure_n than_o the_o laiety_n pretend_v and_o fear_v not_o to_o lose_v they_o under_o any_o prince_n that_o be_v a_o christian_a which_o make_v they_o more_o indifferent_a of_o what_o race_n or_o by_o what_o title_n he_o hold_v the_o crown_n and_o so_o more_o easy_a to_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o stream_n of_o any_o change_n or_o new_a revolution_n beside_o they_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o fame_n of_o this_o prince_n piety_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o his_o right_n have_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o pope_n approve_v and_o assist_v it_o with_o his_o benediction_n they_o think_v as_o well_o as_o the_o citizen_n that_o this_o torrent_n be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v that_o a_o faint_a and_o fruitless_a opposition_n will_v but_o exasperate_v the_o duke_n and_o make_v he_o 〈◊〉_d continue_v as_o well_o as_o begin_v his_o reign_n like_o a_o conqueror_n and_o therefore_o esteem_v the_o wise_a part_n be_v to_o acknowledge_v his_o right_n and_o thereby_o tempt_v or_o persuade_v 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reign_n nor_o tempt_v to_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o his_o subject_n or_o other_o duty_n than_o what_o be_v common_a and_o know_v and_o pay_v without_o pressure_n or_o discontent_n among_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o as_o after_o all_o these_o institution_n he_o pass_v several_a year_n in_o great_a tranquillity_n at_o home_n as_o well_o as_o honour_n from_o all_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n about_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o go_v into_o normandy_n leave_v his_o brother_n odon_n bishop_n of_o bayeux_n and_o create_v earl_n of_o kent_n his_o vicegerent_n in_o england_n and_o little_o apprehend_v any_o storm_n after_o so_o long_a a_o fit_a of_o fair_a weather_n or_o that_o he_o have_v leave_v any_o ill_a blood_n behind_o he_o that_o be_v like_a to_o gather_v to_o a_o head_n with_o such_o a_o inflammation_n and_o so_o dangerous_a symptom_n as_o soon_o after_o appear_v but_o no_o condition_n of_o human_a life_n be_v ever_o perfect_o secure_a nor_o any_o 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particular_a to_o themselves_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a norman_a lord_n who_o have_v obtain_v great_a possession_n by_o the_o king_n bounty_n and_o the_o confiscation_n of_o the_o english_a be_v now_o invest_v in_o their_o land_n and_o their_o title_n begin_v to_o grow_v fond_a of_o their_o law_n as_o the_o safe_a tenure_n and_o though_o they_o have_v gain_v their_o great_a estate_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o hold_v they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o so_o join_v with_o the_o english_a noble_n in_o the_o complaint_n of_o too_o great_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o jealousy_n of_o great_a yet_o design_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o diminution_n of_o the_o authority_n or_o dependence_n of_o the_o noble_n some_o of_o both_o nation_n and_o equal_o ambitious_a spirit_n who_o have_v be_v most_o favour_v and_o advance_v by_o the_o king_n yet_o value_v their_o own_o merit_n too_o high_a or_o their_o reward_n too_o low_a think_v they_o have_v nothing_o because_o they_o have_v not_o all_o they_o pretend_v esteem_v the_o king_n favour_n or_o bounty_n to_o any_o other_o as_o injury_n to_o themselves_o and_o be_v as_o unsatisfied_a with_o what_o they_o have_v gain_v as_o other_o with_o what_o they_o have_v lose_v these_o disposition_n float_v at_o first_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o several_a great_a noble_n both_o english_a and_o norman_a and_o inflame_v by_o such_o of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n who_o have_v credit_n in_o the_o great_a family_n of_o both_o nation_n grow_v at_o length_n to_o downright_a conspiracy_n of_o dispossess_v the_o king_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o introduce_v the_o dane_n who_o be_v ally_v to_o many_o great_a lord_n in_o england_n and_o be_v esteem_v by_o the_o norman_n of_o the_o same_o race_n with_o their_o ancestor_n the_o chief_a of_o this_o conspiracy_n be_v the_o earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n of_o great_a power_n among_o the_o english_a nobility_n fitz-aub_a a_o norman_a of_o near_a kindred_n to_o the_o king_n and_o who_o have_v assist_v he_o with_o forty_o ship_n upon_o his_o english_a expedition_n and_o be_v recompense_v with_o mighty_a possession_n in_o england_n and_o create_v earl_n of_o hereford_n the_o earl_n waltheof_n who_o have_v be_v pardon_v his_o revolt_n upon_o the_o scotch_a invasion_n marry_v to_o the_o king_n niece_n and_o ever_o since_o intimate_o trust_v as_o well_o as_o favour_v by_o the_o king_n these_o enter_v secret_o into_o intelligence_n with_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o with_o harold_n son_n who_o be_v still_o refuge_v in_o ireland_n the_o first_o engage_v to_o invade_v the_o northern_a part_n with_o a_o navy_n of_o three_o hundred_o sail_n the_o last_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o drone_n king_n of_o ireland_n to_o attempt_v the_o western_a coast_n with_o sixty_o ship_n and_o the_o discontent_a lord_n to_o make_v a_o strong_a insurrection_n in_o some_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n upon_o approach_n of_o the_o danish_a fleet_n which_o be_v concert_v to_o be_v soon_o after_o the_o king_n intend_a journey_n into_o normandy_n these_o measure_n be_v lay_v with_o such_o caution_n and_o pursue_v with_o such_o secrecy_n that_o all_o be_v ready_a to_o be_v execute_v before_o the_o king_n in_o normandy_n or_o his_o minister_n in_o england_n have_v either_o notice_n or_o suspicion_n of_o any_o such_o danger_n or_o design_n fitz-aub_a have_v ask_v the_o king_n leave_v some_o month_n before_o his_o norman_a journey_n to_o marry_v his_o sister_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o pretend_v some_o small_a discontent_n at_o his_o refusal_n not_o long_o after_o his_o departure_n he_o declare_v the_o marriage_n and_o the_o day_n appoint_v to_o consummate_v it_o in_o norfolk_n with_o great_a solemnity_n and_o the_o recourse_n of_o the_o near_a relation_n and_o most_o intimate_a friend_n on_o both_o side_n among_o who_o be_v the_o earl_n waltheof_n and_o eustace_n earl_n of_o bologne_n who_o come_v over_o on_o purpose_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o consultation_n here_o design_v at_o this_o meeting_n all_o be_v agree_v in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n under_o what_o leader_n the_o several_a insurrection_n shall_v be_v make_v upon_o what_o pretence_n and_o the_o time_n appoint_v to_o be_v when_o the_o danish_a fleet_n shall_v appear_v upon_o the_o coast._n but_o some_o delay_n intervening_a which_o be_v fatal_a to_o all_o conspiracy_n that_o be_v trust_v into_o many_o hand_n this_o be_v discover_v some_o day_n before_o the_o dane_n arrive_v but_o by_o who_o of_o the_o accomplice_n be_v leave_v uncertain_a though_o some_o write_v that_o it_o be_v by_o earl_n waltheof_n upon_o the_o conscience_n of_o so_o great_a a_o ingratitude_n to_o the_o king_n after_o the_o full_a and_o particular_a discovery_n of_o the_o whole_a plot_n and_o all_o the_o chief_a conspirator_n odon_n the_o vicegerent_n with_o the_o assistance_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o king_n council_n immediate_o dispatch_v away_o several_a party_n of_o the_o king_n be_v best_a troop_n into_o the_o several_a part_n where_o the_o insurrection_n be_v intend_v to_o begin_v seize_v upon_o many_o of_o the_o conspirator_n before_o other_o have_v notice_n of_o the_o discovery_n break_v the_o rest_n before_o they_o can_v draw_v to_o a_o head_n take_v earl_n waltheof_n and_o fitz-aub_a prisoner_n who_o be_v behead_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o many_o other_o imprison_v whether_o this_o execution_n be_v by_o the_o king_n command_n out_o of_o normandy_n or_o by_o the_o rigour_n of_o his_o brother_n odon_n and_o upon_o pretence_n of_o necessity_n in_o so_o dangerous_a a_o conjuncture_n be_v not_o record_v but_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o these_o two_o be_v the_o only_a noble_n that_o be_v execute_v in_o england_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n notwithstanding_o so_o many_o revolt_v
he_o have_v lay_v in_o a_o advantageous_a pass_n he_o break_v they_o kill_v some_o and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n then_o he_o advance_v against_o the_o main_a body_n where_o the_o king_n command_v and_o by_o a_o unnatural_a chance_n he_o charge_v his_o old_a father_n with_o such_o fury_n that_o by_o the_o stroke_n of_o his_o lance_n he_o wound_v he_o in_o the_o arm_n and_o overthrow_v he_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o king_n call_v out_o upon_o his_o fall_n his_o son_n immediate_o know_v his_o voice_n and_o sting_v upon_o the_o sudden_a with_o the_o conscience_n of_o his_o crime_n and_o his_o duty_n he_o leap_v from_o his_o horse_n raise_v his_o father_n up_o from_o the_o ground_n fall_v down_o upon_o his_o knee_n beg_v pardon_n of_o his_o offence_n with_o offer_n upon_o it_o to_o return_v to_o his_o duty_n and_o obedience_n the_o king_n move_v by_o the_o same_o force_n of_o nature_n receive_v his_o submission_n forgive_v he_o and_o embrace_v he_o end_v a_o adventure_n in_o tear_n of_o joy_n which_o have_v begin_v in_o blood_n the_o army_n be_v as_o easy_o reconcile_v as_o their_o leader_n and_o all_o together_o march_v to_o roven_n where_o the_o king_n be_v receive_v with_o all_o demonstration_n of_o joy_n and_o the_o duke_n complipliment_v upon_o his_o happy_a reconcilement_n with_o his_o father_n nor_o be_v those_o the_o last_o in_o this_o crowd_n of_o rejoycers_n who_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a in_o promote_a the_o quarrel_n between_o they_o the_o king_n make_v no_o long_a stay_n in_o normandy_n dissemble_v the_o knowledge_n or_o resentment_n of_o what_o part_n the_o french_a king_n have_v play_v in_o this_o affair_n but_o after_o have_v reestablish_v the_o quiet_a and_o order_n of_o the_o province_n return_v with_o his_o whole_a force_n into_o england_n leave_v his_o son_n in_o the_o government_n of_o normandy_n trust_v to_o his_o duty_n and_o the_o loyalty_n of_o his_o subject_n there_o as_o if_o nothing_o have_v pass_v to_o give_v he_o the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o either_o a_o true_a strain_n of_o the_o noble_a and_o fearless_a nature_n of_o this_o prince_n who_o be_v rather_o make_v to_o surmount_v all_o danger_n he_o encounter_v by_o brave_a action_n and_o judicious_a council_n than_o either_o to_o invite_v or_o anticipate_v his_o misfortune_n by_o distrust_n and_o vain_a apprehension_n which_o be_v but_o the_o distraction_n of_o weak_a and_o timorous_a mind_n yet_o this_o sincereness_n and_o confidence_n of_o the_o king_n have_v not_o the_o return_v they_o deserve_v for_o duke_n robert_n have_v once_o taste_v the_o sovereign_a power_n can_v not_o long_o digest_v any_o dependence_n upon_o another_o will_n and_o lie_v still_o open_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o france_n upon_o his_o levity_n and_o ambition_n relapse_v the_o next_o year_n into_o his_o former_a distemper_n and_o assume_v again_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o normandy_n and_o as_o duke_n thereof_o in_o his_o own_o right_n which_o be_v again_o acknowledge_v and_o obey_v by_o the_o norman_n the_o king_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o this_o second_o defection_n in_o his_o son_n and_o his_o subject_n fall_v into_o great_a passion_n and_o in_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v curse_v his_o son_n and_o the_o hour_n wherein_o he_o beget_v he_o but_o soon_o return_v to_o himself_o with_o his_o usual_a judgement_n and_o composure_n of_o mind_n give_v present_a order_n for_o prepare_v a_o much_o great_a army_n and_o navy_n than_o he_o have_v use_v in_o last_o year_n expedition_n and_o though_o both_o be_v shatter_v by_o great_a storm_n he_o meet_v with_o at_o sea_n yet_o upon_o his_o arrival_n in_o normandy_n either_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o force_n or_o the_o lightness_n of_o his_o son_n disposition_n or_o remorse_n of_o his_o duty_n prevail_v with_o duke_n robert_n to_o offer_v again_o his_o submission_n and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n the_o king_n again_o receive_v they_o pardon_v both_o his_o son_n and_o his_o revolt_a subject_n but_o force_v now_o to_o more_o caution_n than_o he_o have_v use_v before_o after_o have_v settle_v once_o more_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o normandy_n and_o place_v the_o government_n in_o safe_a hand_n he_o take_v his_o son_n with_o he_o into_o england_n and_o employ_v he_o in_o the_o hard_a rough_a war_n of_o scotland_n against_o malcolm_n who_o upon_o the_o king_n absence_n and_o confidence_n of_o be_v long_o detain_v by_o the_o norman_a revolt_n and_o diversion_n of_o france_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o pass_v the_o border_n with_o a_o army_n and_o ravage_v the_o northern_a province_n of_o england_n though_o duke_n robert_n gain_v no_o great_a honour_n by_o this_o expedition_n yet_o the_o king_n gain_v his_o end_n for_o the_o scotch_a dishearten_v by_o his_o unexpected_a return_n and_o more_o by_o his_o perfect_a reconcilement_n with_o his_o son_n return_v home_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o english_a army_n and_o renew_v the_o peace_n which_o last_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o two_o king_n life_n about_o the_o same_o time_n incense_v against_o the_o welsh_a for_o many_o inroad_n and_o spoil_n upon_o the_o frontier_n county_n he_o send_v a_o army_n against_o they_o subdue_v the_o plain_a and_o accessible_a part_n of_o their_o country_n drive_v they_o to_o the_o fast_o hold_v of_o their_o mountain_n force_v they_o to_o sue_v for_o peace_n which_o he_o grant_v upon_o homage_n do_v he_o by_o their_o prince_n and_o upon_o hostage_n give_v for_o performance_n of_o the_o other_o condition_n this_o fortunate_a and_o victorious_a king_n seem_v now_o to_o have_v pass_v all_o the_o tempestuous_a season_n of_o his_o life_n and_o secure_a of_o repose_n for_o what_o remain_v which_o be_v necessary_a or_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o great_a decline_v of_o his_o age._n he_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o all_o his_o neighbour_n obey_v and_o honour_v by_o his_o subject_n fear_v by_o his_o enemy_n and_o the_o trouble_n of_o his_o family_n be_v whole_o appease_v so_o that_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o any_o man_n to_o conjecture_v from_o what_o side_n any_o new_a storm_n shall_v arise_v but_o the_o decree_n of_o heaven_n be_v wrap_v up_o in_o the_o cloud_n and_o the_o event_n of_o future_a thing_n hide_v in_o the_o dark_a from_o the_o eye_n of_o mortal_a men._n the_o wise_a council_n may_v be_v discompose_v by_o the_o small_a accident_n and_o the_o secure_a peace_n of_o state_n and_o kingdom_n may_v be_v disturb_v by_o the_o light_a passion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o deep_a design_n of_o those_o who_o govern_v they_o for_o though_o the_o wise_a reflection_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a reason_n of_o private_a man_n be_v apt_a to_o ascribe_v the_o action_n and_o council_n of_o prince_n to_o interest_n or_o reason_n of_o state_n yet_o whoever_o can_v trace_v they_o to_o their_o true_a spring_n will_v be_v often_o force_v to_o derive_v they_o from_o the_o same_o passion_n and_o personal_a disposition_n which_o govern_v the_o affair_n of_o private_a life_n as_o will_v be_v evident_a in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n the_o norman_n be_v desirous_a to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o race_n reside_v among_o they_o the_o king_n be_v unwilling_a to_o venture_v again_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o his_o son_n robert_n ambition_n or_o inconstancy_n and_o therefore_o send_v he_o over_o into_o normandy_n but_o join_v in_o commission_n with_o his_o young_a son_n henry_n who_o duty_n and_o affection_n he_o most_o rely_v on_o both_o to_o observe_v the_o action_n and_o temper_v the_o levity_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n these_o two_o prince_n agree_v better_a than_o be_v usual_a to_o associate_n in_o power_n and_o govern_v the_o province_n with_o moderation_n and_o prudence_n reduce_v affair_n there_o to_o such_o order_n and_o tranquillity_n that_o have_v little_a business_n at_o home_n they_o go_v to_o seek_v some_o diversion_n abroad_o and_o make_v a_o visit_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n then_o at_o constance_n who_o receive_v they_o with_o great_a honour_n and_o kindness_n and_o as_o be_v think_v not_o without_o design_n of_o renew_v old_a practice_n with_o duke_n robert_n to_o his_o father_n prejudice_n whatever_o affair_n may_v busy_v the_o thought_n of_o that_o king_n and_o the_o duke_n those_o of_o lewis_n the_o young_a dauphin_n and_o prince_n henry_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o common_a entertainment_n of_o youth_n and_o of_o leisure_n love_n hunting_n play_n and_o other_o such_o divertisement_n wherein_o the_o similitude_n of_o age_n and_o of_o custom_n make_v they_o constant_a companion_n it_o happen_v one_o evening_n that_o the_o dauphin_n play_v at_o chess_n at_o the_o prince_n lodging_n lose_v a_o great_a many_o game_n and_o much_o money_n to_o prince_n henry_n and_o grow_v thereupon_o first_o into_o ill_a humour_n and_o at_o length_n into_o ill_a language_n which_o be_v return_v by_o the_o
prince_n the_o dauphin_z fall_v into_o passion_n call_v he_o son_n of_o a_o bastard_n and_o throw_v some_o of_o the_o chessman_n at_o his_o head_n upon_o which_o prince_n henry_n enrage_v take_v up_o the_o chessboard_n and_o strike_v the_o dauphin_n with_o such_o fury_n on_o the_o head_n that_o he_o lay_v he_o bleed_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o have_v kill_v he_o if_o his_o brother_n robert_n have_v not_o retain_v he_o and_o make_v he_o sensible_a how_o much_o more_o it_o concern_v he_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n than_o pursue_v his_o revenge_n and_o thereupon_o they_o go_v down_o immediate_o take_v horse_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o their_o speed_n or_o their_o own_o good_a fortune_n get_v safe_a to_o pontoise_n before_o they_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o the_o french_a that_o pursue_v they_o the_o king_n of_o france_n exasperate_v by_o this_o accident_n and_o indignity_n to_o his_o son_n which_o revive_v a_o inveterate_a malice_n or_o envy_n he_o have_v against_o king_n william_n first_o demand_v satisfaction_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n prepare_v for_o revenge_n both_o by_o raise_v a_o army_n to_o invade_v normandy_n and_o take_v private_a measure_n with_o duke_n robert_n to_o divest_v his_o brother_n henry_n of_o his_o share_n in_o the_o government_n and_o leave_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o duchy_n to_o the_o duke_n according_a to_o his_o former_a pretension_n ground_v upon_o his_o father_n promise_n wherein_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o a_o witness_n still_o pretend_v to_o be_v concern_v the_o king_n of_o england_n see_v the_o war_n inevitable_a enter_v upon_o it_o with_o his_o usual_a vigour_n and_o with_o incredible_a celerity_n transport_v a_o brave_a english_a army_n invade_v france_n and_o take_v several_a town_n in_o poictou_n whilst_o the_o french_a take_v the_o city_n of_o vernon_n by_o which_o hostility_n on_o both_o side_n the_o first_o war_n begin_v between_o england_n and_o france_n which_o seem_v afterward_o to_o have_v be_v entail_v 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against_o he_o which_o be_v begin_v and_o pursue_v with_o great_a heat_n and_o animosity_n on_o both_o side_n with_o equal_a force_n but_o unequal_a fortune_n which_o favour_v either_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o king_n cause_n the_o valour_n of_o his_o troop_n or_o the_o conduct_n of_o their_o leader_n upon_o all_o encounter_n he_o march_v into_o france_n take_v nantes_n and_o burn_v it_o with_o many_o village_n about_o it_o say_v that_o to_o destroy_v the_o wasp_n their_o nest_n must_v be_v burn_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o this_o action_n and_o by_o that_o of_o the_o fire_n which_o he_o too_o near_o approach_v he_o fall_v into_o a_o distemper_n which_o force_v he_o to_o retire_v his_o army_n and_o return_v to_o roven_n where_o he_o lay_v sick_a for_o some_o time_n with_o ill_a symptom_n that_o give_v his_o friend_n apprehension_n and_o hope_n to_o his_o enemy_n during_o the_o expectation_n of_o this_o event_n both_o side_n be_v quiet_a by_o a_o sort_n of_o tacit_n and_o voluntary_a truce_n between_o they_o the_o king_n of_o france_n talk_v of_o his_o sickness_n and_o mock_v at_o the_o corpulency_n to_o which_o he_o be_v grow_v of_o late_a year_n say_v king_n william_n be_v go_v only_o to_o lay_v his_o great_a belly_n at_o roven_n and_o that_o he_o doubt_v he_o must_v be_v at_o charge_n to_o set_v up_o light_n at_o his_o uprising_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v tell_v this_o scoff_n send_v king_n philip_n word_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o sit_v up_o after_o his_o lie_v in_o and_o that_o when_o he_o be_v church_v he_o will_v save_v he_o the_o charge_n of_o set_v up_o light_n and_o come_v himself_o and_o light_v a_o thousand_o fire_n in_o france_n no_o injury_n be_v so_o sensible_a to_o mankind_n in_o general_n as_o those_o of_o scorn_n and_o no_o quarrel_n pursue_v between_o prince_n with_o so_o much_o sharpness_n and_o violence_n as_o those_o which_o arise_v from_o personal_a animosity_n or_o private_a passion_n to_o which_o they_o be_v subject_a like_o other_o mortal_a men._n the_o king_n recover_v gather_v the_o great_a force_n he_o can_v raise_v both_o of_o english_a and_o norman_n march_n into_o the_o isle_n of_o france_n with_o fire_n and_o spoil_n wherever_o he_o come_v approaches_z within_z sight_n of_o paris_n where_o that_o king_n be_v retire_v there_o king_n william_n send_v he_o word_n that_o he_o be_v up_o and_o abroad_o and_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o see_v he_o abroad_o too_o but_o the_o french_a king_n resolve_v to_o let_v this_o fury_n pass_v and_o appear_v not_o in_o the_o field_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o mercy_n and_o ravage_n of_o his_o enemy_n the_o king_n ride_v about_o to_o observe_v his_o advantage_n and_o give_v his_o order_n and_o strain_v his_o horse_n to_o leap_v a_o ditch_n in_o his_o way_n bruise_v the_o bottom_n of_o his_o belly_n against_o the_o pommel_n of_o his_o saddle_n with_o such_o a_o weight_n and_o so_o much_o pain_n as_o give_v he_o a_o relapse_n of_o his_o illness_n so_o late_o recover_v force_v he_o to_o march_v his_o army_n back_o into_o normandy_n and_o to_o go_v himself_o to_o roven_n here_o his_o bruise_v turn_v to_o a_o rupture_n and_o his_o sickness_n increase_a with_o the_o anguish_n of_o his_o wound_n give_v too_o soon_o and_o true_a apprehension_n of_o his_o danger_n yet_o he_o languish_v for_o some_o time_n which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o do_v many_o act_n of_o great_a charity_n and_o give_v other_o testimony_n of_o piety_n and_o resignation_n to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o well_o as_o to_o dispose_v the_o succession_n and_o affair_n of_o his_o state_n leave_v by_o his_o testament_n the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n robert_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o william_n his_o second_o son_n and_o all_o his_o treasure_n which_o be_v very_o great_a to_z henry_n his_o third_z after_o this_o he_o end_v his_o life_n in_o the_o full_a career_n of_o fortune_n and_o victory_n which_o attend_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n through_o the_o long_a course_n of_o more_o than_o threescore_o year_n reign_v for_o he_o begin_v that_o in_o normandy_n about_o ten_o year_n old_a and_o continue_v it_o above_o forty_o year_n before_o his_o english_a expedition_n after_o which_o he_o reign_v above_o twenty_o year_n in_o england_n and_o die_v in_o or_o about_o the_o seventy_o second_o year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1087._o several_a writer_n show_v their_o ill_a talon_n to_o this_o prince_n in_o make_v particular_a remark_n how_o his_o corpse_n be_v immediate_o forsake_v by_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o follower_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o expire_v how_o the_o monk_n of_o a_o abbey_n he_o have_v found_v be_v thereby_o induce_v to_o come_v of_o charity_n and_o take_v the_o care_n of_o his_o body_n and_o his_o burial_n which_o he_o have_v order_v to_o be_v at_o caen_n