Selected quad for the lemma: king_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
king_n	abbot_n	bishop_n	hold_v	1,232	4	5.9879	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26172	Jani Anglorum facies nova, or, Several monuments of antiquity touching the great councils of the kingdom and the court of the kings immediate tenants and officers from the first of William the First, to the forty ninth of Henry the third, reviv'd and clear'd : wherein the sense of the common-council of the kingdom mentioned in King John's charter, and of the laws ecclesiastical, or civil, concerning clergy-men's voting in capital cases is submitted to the judgement of the learned.	Atwood, William, d. 1705?	1680 (1680)	Wing A4174; ESTC R37043	81,835	173

venire_fw-la omnes_fw-la illos_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la dominico_fw-la victu_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-la heli_n et_fw-la volo_fw-la ut_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la eas_fw-la habeat_fw-la sicut_fw-la habuit_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la fuit_fw-la vivus_fw-la et_fw-la mortuus_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la aliquis_fw-la dixerit_fw-la quod_fw-la inde_fw-la de_fw-la meo_fw-la dono_fw-la aliquid_fw-la habeat_fw-la mandate_n in_fw-la magnitudinem_fw-la terrae_fw-la et_fw-la quomodo_fw-la eam_fw-la reclamat_fw-la et_fw-la ego_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la audiero_n aut_fw-la ei_fw-la inde_fw-la escambitionem_fw-la reddam_fw-la aut_fw-la aliud_fw-la faciam_fw-la facite_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la abbas_n symeon_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la confuetudines_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la abbatiam_fw-la de_fw-la heli_n pertinent_a sicut_fw-la eas_fw-la habebat_fw-la antecessor_n ejus_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la preterea_fw-la facite_fw-la ut_fw-la abbas_n seisitus_fw-la sit_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la theinlandis_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la abbatiam_fw-la pertinebant_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la fuit_fw-la mortuus_fw-la inquisition_n si_fw-la illi_fw-la qui_fw-la eas_fw-la habent_fw-la secum_fw-la concordare_fw-la noluerint_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la istud_fw-la placitum_fw-la summonete_fw-la willielmum_fw-la de_fw-fr guaregnna_n et_fw-la richardum_fw-la filium_fw-la gisleberti_fw-la et_fw-la hugonem_fw-la de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la et_fw-la goffridum_fw-la de_fw-fr manna_n villâ_fw-la et_fw-la radulfum_n de_fw-fr belfo_n et_fw-la herveum_fw-la bituricensem_fw-la et_fw-la hardewinum_fw-la de_fw-fr escaler_n et_fw-la alios_fw-la quos_fw-la abbas_n vobis_fw-la nominabit_fw-la upon_o these_o writ_n many_o useful_a thing_n may_v be_v observe_v but_o i_o will_v confine_v myself_o as_o nigh_o as_o i_o can_v to_o my_o purpose_n from_o they_o as_o interpret_v by_o equal_a authority_n of_o history_n it_o appear_v that_o wil._n the_o first_o use_v to_o commissionate_a several_a of_o his_o baron_n i_o will_v not_o oppose_v their_o be_v his_o great_a tenant_n in_o chief_a these_o be_v to_o preside_v in_o the_o trial_n of_o matter_n within_o ordinary_a justice_n which_o be_v to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o several_a county_n where_o the_o question_n arise_v sometime_o in_o one_o county_n sometime_o in_o several_a together_o as_o the_o man_n of_o the_o several_a county_n that_o be_v the_o several_a county_n be_v unite_v sometime_o these_o great_a man_n sometime_o the_o sheriff_n be_v to_o summon_v the_o party_n and_o to_o take_v care_n that_o a_o inquest_n of_o the_o county_n or_o counties_n concern_v be_v impanel_v in_o the_o county_n that_o be_v by_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o freeholder_n the_o king_n commissioner_n be_v to_o pronounce_v the_o judgement_n in_o the_o king_n name_n or_o stead_n so_o the_o bishop_n of_o constance_n do_v right_a to_o lanfranc_n 200._o it_o be_v judicio_fw-la baronum_fw-la regis_fw-la qui_fw-la placitum_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la and_o yet_o ex_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la astipulatione_fw-la &_o judicio_fw-la the_o inquest_n upon_o their_o oath_n find_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o judge_n state_v it_o to_o the_o people_n and_o deliver_v their_o judgement_n to_o which_o the_o primores_fw-la &_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la assent_v for_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la astipulatione_fw-la 1._o this_o agree_v with_o what_o bracton_n say_v of_o the_o law_n pass_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n de_fw-fr concilio_n &_o consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la communi_fw-la sponsione_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o king_n writ_n be_v to_o the_o great_a man_n to_o do_v justice_n to_o which_o the_o book_n give_v a_o answer_n that_o the_o king_n writ_n do_v not_o change_v the_o nature_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o a_o court_n and_o therefore_o though_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n or_o a_o justity_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n b._n yet_o the_o suitor_n in_o the_o county_n court_n be_v judge_n and_o what_o their_o jurisdiction_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o wil._n the_o first_o case_n be_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o what_o continue_v to_o the_o freeholder_n or_o suitor_n of_o the_o county_n court_n of_o chester_n even_o till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o assignat_fw-la upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n to_o remove_v a_o judgement_n out_o of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n into_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o a_o plea_n of_o land_n the_o chief_a justice_n of_o chester_n certify_v that_o the_o judicatores_fw-la et_fw-la sectatores_fw-la the_o suitor_n at_o the_o county_n court_n clamant_fw-la habere_fw-la talem_fw-la libertatem_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o tali_fw-la casu_fw-la debent_fw-la omnes_fw-la barones_n &_o eorum_fw-la seneschal_n ac_fw-la judicatores_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la comitatus_fw-la summoniri_fw-la audituri_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la processum_fw-la &_o recordum_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la antiquam_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apponant_fw-la si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la infra_fw-la tertium_fw-la comitatum_fw-la per_fw-la seipsos_fw-la emendare_fw-la et_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la libertates_fw-la a_o tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la exstat_fw-la memoria_fw-la usi_fw-la sunt_fw-la et_fw-la gavisi_fw-la and_o the_o chief_a justice_n far_o certify_v quòd_fw-la fecit_fw-la summoniri_fw-la omnes_fw-la barones_n et_fw-la judicatores_fw-la according_o the_o party_n assemble_v at_o the_o council_n of_o pinnedene_n be_v the_o primores_fw-la et_fw-la probi_fw-la viri_fw-la of_o the_o county_n concern_v which_o answer_n to_o the_o proceres_fw-la et_fw-la fideles_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o union_n of_o all_o the_o county_n in_o parliament_n as_o in_o the_o 42_o of_o henry_n 3_o which_o in_o another_o record_n of_o the_o same_o parliament_n be_v branch_v out_o into_o hanz_fw-fr hommes_fw-fr e_fw-la prodes_fw-la hommes_fw-fr 4._o there_o be_v the_o primores_fw-la et_fw-la probi_fw-la viri_fw-la e_fw-la du_fw-fr commun_fw-fr de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr realm_n that_o be_v as_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v it_o the_o prelate_n duke_n earl_n baron_n the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o county_n grands_fw-fr des_fw-fr county's_n as_o the_o french_a 1353._o and_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o city_n and_o borroughs_n the_o testimony_n of_o eadmerus_n concern_v the_o party_n to_o the_o judgement_n at_o pinnedene_n confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n that_o the_o summons_n to_o a_o great_a council_n as_o i_o take_v it_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n mention_v by_o simon_n of_o durham_n and_o florentius_n wygorniensis_fw-la 641._o which_o be_v to_o all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n baron_n sheriff_n with_o their_o knight_n be_v not_o to_o they_o and_o those_o only_o who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n coegit_fw-la for_o more_o than_o such_o be_v judge_n even_o for_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a justice_n within_o the_o county_n but_o that_o it_o be_v to_o they_o and_o the_o sheriff_n knight_n the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v by_o st._n edward_n law_n oblige_v to_o find_v arm_n and_o become_v knight_n milites_fw-la as_o soon_o as_o by_o public_a authority_n they_o take_v arm_n the_o ancient_a form_n of_o manumission_n prove_v this_o sufficient_o siquis_fw-la velit_fw-la servum_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la facere_fw-la tradet_fw-la eum_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la dextram_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la et_fw-la quietum_fw-la illum_fw-la clamare_fw-la debet_fw-la a_o jugo_fw-la servitutis_fw-la suae_fw-la per_fw-la manumissionem_fw-la et_fw-la ostendat_fw-la ei_fw-la liberas_fw-la portas_fw-la et_fw-la vivias_fw-la et_fw-la tradat_fw-la illi_fw-la libera_fw-la arma_fw-la 11._o viz._n lanceam_fw-la et_fw-la gladium_fw-la et_fw-la deinde_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la efficitur_fw-la thus_o he_o become_v a_o freeman_n and_o the_o sheriff_n knight_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o all_o freeholder_n have_v the_o appellation_n of_o milites_fw-la 65._o be_v evident_a by_o many_o record_n and_o even_o a_o statute_n spicel_n that_o for_o the_o choice_n of_o coroner_n which_o be_v but_o declaratory_a of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o several_a record_n 1._o before_o that_o time_n i_o will_v instance_n in_o one_o because_o one_o that_o have_v be_v choose_v coroner_n be_v neither_o a_o knight_n or_o freeman_n as_o that_o interpret_v itself_o nor_o yet_o discreet_a therefore_o a_o new_a choice_n be_v direct_v 3._o miles_n non_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la alieno_fw-la et_fw-la juvenis_fw-la et_fw-la insufficiens_fw-la et_fw-la minus_fw-la discretus_fw-la here_o in_o servitio_fw-la alieno_fw-la a_o servant_n be_v put_v in_o contradistinction_n to_o miles_n that_o be_v to_o a_o freeholder_n or_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la et_fw-la here_o have_v the_o like_a import_n with_o sed_fw-la unless_o a_o man_n may_v have_v be_v a_o knight_n and_o yet_o no_o freeman_n the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o county_n of_o cornwall_n fine_a to_o the_o king_n for_o leave_v to_o choose_v their_o sheriff_n choose_v it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o record_n milites_fw-la de_fw-la com._n cornubiae_fw-la finem_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la rot._n fin_n 5_o h._n 3._o pars_fw-la 1_o a._n m_o 9_o and_o these_o which_o be_v here_o call_v by_o the_o general_a denomination_n of_o knight_n be_v in_o another_o record_n of_o the_o same_o specify_v under_o these_o name_n episcopus_fw-la comites_fw-la bar._n milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la com._n so_o that_o all_o the_o people_n of_o the_o

argument_n that_o there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o such_o practice_n and_o beside_o this_o be_v bring_v to_o show_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n which_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la this_o have_v no_o colour_n of_o a_o proof_n because_o they_o may_v have_v handle_v such_o matter_n in_o their_o own_o court_n where_o the_o king_n give_v they_o judicium_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o membrorum_fw-la as_o bracton_n have_v show_v we_o but_o that_o they_o do_v not_o in_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la we_o be_v to_o believe_v till_o express_v authority_n be_v bring_v to_o show_v that_o they_o do_v one_o of_o the_o edition_n of_o blesensis_n have_v but_o quidam_fw-la some_o of_o they_o only_o can_v dispense_v with_o the_o obligation_n of_o what_o nature_n the_o obligation_n be_v i_o shall_v soon_o show_v and_o will_v usher_v it_o in_o with_o the_o judgement_n of_o mr._n selden_n who_o be_v best_a acquaint_v with_o the_o several_a copy_n of_o this_o constitution_n and_o with_o those_o law_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o perhaps_o of_o any_o man_n since_o the_o make_v the_o constitution_n 582._o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o be_v say_v he_o that_o all_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n and_o the_o like_a that_o hold_v in_o chief_a of_o the_o king_n have_v their_o possession_n as_o barony_n and_o be_v according_o to_o do_v all_o service_n and_o to_o sit_v in_o judgement_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baron_n in_o all_o case_n save_v case_n of_o blood_n the_o exception_n of_o case_n of_o blood_n proceed_v from_o the_o canon_n law_n which_o prohibit_v clergyman_n to_o assent_v to_o such_o judgement_n 100_o but_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o hen._n 2._o in_o the_o parliament_n at_o northampton_n declare_v that_o bishop_n be_v bind_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n to_o be_v present_a and_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n that_o this_o be_v only_o a_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la 40._o no_o parliament_n i_o have_v show_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v affirm_v that_o the_o king_n then_o press_v the_o bishop_n to_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o a_o capital_a case_n as_o the_o author_n suppose_v every_o crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la then_o to_o have_v be_v i_o wonder_v because_o it_o be_v apparent_a from_o the_o circumstance_n that_o the_o king_n press_v for_o a_o final_a judgement_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o urge_v that_o as_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o tenure_n when_o even_o according_a to_o this_o learned_a man_n the_o canon_n prohibit_v their_o pronounce_v final_a sentence_n 28._o and_o the_o king_n at_o clarendon_n out_o of_o regard_n and_o reverence_n to_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n require_v only_o that_o they_o shall_v act_v in_o such_o cause_n till_o the_o cause_n be_v ripe_a for_o sentence_n not_o that_o they_o shall_v stay_v at_o the_o sentence_n that_o point_n he_o be_v content_a to_o yield_v they_o and_o he_o himself_o show_v we_o out_o of_o fitz-stephen_n that_o the_o bishop_n look_v not_o on_o the_o matter_n as_o capital_a for_o they_o do_v not_o urge_v the_o canon_n in_o the_o case_n but_o they_o excuse_v themselves_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n prohibition_n 40._o and_o the_o king_n reply_v that_o viz._n that_o prohibition_n have_v no_o force_n against_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n ms._n which_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o say_v you_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o pretence_n no_o canon_n forbid_v you_o to_o pass_v judgement_n upon_o becket_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n you_o ought_v interest_n judiciis_fw-la curiae_fw-la regis_fw-la at_o this_o time_n notwithstanding_o the_o plain_a sense_n of_o all_o this_o we_o find_v a_o very_a artificial_a management_n of_o fitz-stephens_n and_o other_o authority_n 1._o as_o if_o becket_n be_v accuse_v of_o a_o capital_a matter_n it_o be_v call_v crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la 2._o as_o if_o the_o crime_n he_o be_v accuse_v of_o be_v appeal_n to_o rome_n 40._o and_o that_o such_o appeal_n be_v treason_n by_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n before_o any_o statute_n make_v 1._o i_o will_v ready_o grant_v that_o in_o the_o language_n of_o that_o age_n becket_n be_v accuse_v or_o impeach_v of_o crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la but_o that_o all_o crimina_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la be_v then_o capital_a glanvile_n who_o be_v chief_a justice_n in_o that_o king_n reign_n 2._o deny_v crimen_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o legibus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-fr niece_n vel_fw-la seditione_n personae_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la vel_fw-la regni_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la occultatio_fw-la inventi_fw-la thesauri_fw-la fraudulosa_fw-la placita_fw-la de_fw-la pace_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la infracta_fw-la etc._n etc._n hereby_o every_o breach_n of_o the_o king_n peace_n be_v crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la every_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n by_o act_n of_o injustice_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o his_o peace_n contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o coronam_fw-la therefore_o becket_n have_v deny_v justice_n to_o john_n the_o marshal_n and_o refuse_v to_o answer_v the_o king_n who_o charge_v he_o in_o account_n especial_o stand_v in_o contempt_n of_o the_o king_n court_n be_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n indeed_o glanvile_n when_o he_o have_v name_v homicide_n malicious_a firing_n and_o other_o crime_n add_v et_fw-la siquae_fw-la sunt_fw-la similia_fw-la quae_fw-la scilicet_fw-la crimina_fw-la ultimo_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la supplicio_fw-la aut_fw-la membrorum_fw-la truncatione_fw-la as_o if_o no_o crime_n be_v within_o this_o name_n but_o those_o which_o draw_v after_o they_o capital_a punishment_n but_o that_o be_v certain_o to_o be_v mean_v of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o there_o specify_v that_o be_v all_o such_o like_a crime_n provide_v they_o be_v capital_a in_o the_o punishment_n annex_v by_o law_n be_v crimina_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la though_o neither_o homicide_n nor_o fire_v etc._n etc._n nor_o any_o direct_a and_o open_a breach_n of_o the_o peace_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o confine_v not_o placita_fw-la de_fw-fr pace_fw-la infractâ_fw-la to_o homicide_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v 2._o for_o he_o take_v in_o assault_n and_o battery_n de_fw-fr verberibus_fw-la de_fw-la plagis_fw-la etiam_fw-la which_o he_o say_v be_v tryable_a by_o the_o sheriff_n in_o default_n of_o mesn_a lord_n unless_o the_o indictment_n be_v in_o the_o king_n name_n nisi_fw-la accusator_fw-la adjiciat_fw-la de_fw-la pace_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la infractâ_fw-la but_o it_o appear_v from_o fitz-stephen_n that_o becket_n be_v not_o impeach_v for_o appeal_n to_o rome_n 1389._o even_o upon_o his_o second_o impeachment_n but_o pro_fw-la ratiocinio_fw-la cancellariae_fw-la reddendo_fw-la to_o which_o he_o plead_v that_o the_o king_n remit_v he_o when_o he_o be_v make_v archbishop_n that_o he_o then_o be_v quietus_n &_o solutus_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la regis_fw-la querelâ_fw-la but_o further_a that_o he_o be_v call_v only_o to_o answer_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o john_n the_o marshal_n in_o which_o he_o complain_v that_o he_o have_v have_v hard_a measure_n but_o for_o the_o last_o neque_fw-la in_o causâ_fw-la sum_fw-la ratiocinii_fw-la neque_fw-la aliquam_fw-la habui_fw-la ad_fw-la eam_fw-la citationem_fw-la still_o the_o king_n urge_v the_o proceres_fw-la to_o proceed_v to_o judgement_n against_o he_o he_o find_v they_o ready_a to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n appeal_v to_o rome_n and_o strict_o enjoin_v all_o his_o suffragan_a bishop_n and_o other_o not_o to_o meddle_v in_o the_o matter_n upon_o this_o redeunt_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n à_fw-la judicando_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la excusati_fw-la à_fw-la baronibus_fw-la seorsim_fw-la sedent_fw-la nec_fw-la minus_fw-la à_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la suum_fw-la exigit_fw-la rex_fw-la judicium_fw-la evocantur_fw-la quidam_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la &_o barones_n secundae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n what_o be_v here_o like_o the_o pretence_n of_o his_o be_v accuse_v in_o a_o capital_a matter_n and_o the_o king_n urge_v the_o bishop_n to_o judge_v he_o notwithstanding_o a_o capital_a accusation_n nay_o further_o admit_v that_o he_o have_v be_v impeach_v of_o appeal_n to_o rome_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a both_o from_o fitz-stephen_n and_o gervase_n that_o he_o be_v not_o i_o question_v whether_o it_o have_v be_v capital_a then_o or_o whether_o the_o lord_n cook_n say_v that_o such_o a_o own_n of_o the_o pope_n power_n be_v treason_n 40._o by_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n before_o any_o statute_n be_v make_v which_o i_o conceive_v he_o do_v not_o the_o most_o which_o i_o find_v in_o he_o towards_o this_o point_n rep._n be_v of_o a_o judgement_n in_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n the_o first_o where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o a_o subject_n bring_v in_o a_o bull_n of_o excommunication_n against_o another_o subject_n and_o publish_v it_o to_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o england_n treason_n now_o this_o publish_n a_o bull_n of_o excommunication_n

ex_fw-la parte_fw-la episcopi_fw-la wign_a ’_o com._n dorso_fw-la leicester_n &_o gloucester_n ac_fw-la quorundam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la vocati_fw-la sunt_fw-la tres_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la coram_fw-la ipsis_fw-la ad_fw-la sanctum_fw-la albanum_fw-la secum_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la super_fw-la communibus_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la here_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n exceed_v their_o power_n and_o as_o if_o the_o king_n be_v a_o cypher_n in_o the_o government_n will_v have_v the_o knight_n from_o the_o several_a shire_n come_v before_o they_o the_o king_n not_o without_o reason_n jealous_a of_o his_o honour_n command_n that_o they_o which_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o st._n alban_n shall_v come_v to_o he_o at_o windsor_n nobiscum_fw-la super_fw-la premissis_fw-la colloquium_fw-la habituros_fw-la venerab_n 5._o pater_fw-la g._n eboracensis_fw-la arch._n angliae_fw-la primus_fw-la et_fw-la alii_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la milites_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la servitium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la et_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ultra_fw-la quam_fw-la temporibus_fw-la retractis_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la summonitionibus_fw-la exercitus_fw-la nostri_fw-la facere_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la this_o the_o king_n promise_n shall_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o consequence_n upon_o a_o extraordinary_a occasion_n they_o that_o be_v not_o accustom_v to_o perform_v military_a service_n do_v it_o then_o and_o they_o that_o do_v owe_v service_n do_v more_o than_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o by_o their_o tenure_n all_o as_o well_o those_o that_o hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a as_o those_o which_o do_v join_v together_o and_o make_v a_o general_a charge_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o subsidium_fw-la et_fw-la auxilium_fw-la in_o the_o 48th_o of_o this_o king_n 1264._o there_o be_v a_o right_a understanding_n between_o he_o and_o his_o people_n 10._o the_o record_n say_v haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la pacis_fw-la a_o domino_fw-la rege_fw-la et_fw-la domino_fw-la edwardo_n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la praelatis_fw-la et_fw-la proceribus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la et_fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communiter_fw-la et_fw-la concorditer_fw-la approbata_fw-la etc._n etc._n among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v ad_fw-la reformac'onem_fw-la status_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o they_o shall_v choose_v 3_o man_n who_o shall_v have_v power_n from_o the_o king_n to_o name_v nine_o that_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n stand_v council_n and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o three_o displease_v the_o community_n si_fw-la videatur_fw-la communitati_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la et_fw-la baronum_fw-la one_o or_o more_o be_v to_o be_v place_v in_o their_o room_n per_fw-la consilium_fw-la communitatis_fw-la praelatorumet_n baronum_fw-la and_o the_o record_n conclude_v haec_fw-la autem_fw-la ordinatio_fw-la facta_fw-la fuit_fw-la apud_fw-la london_n de_fw-la consensu_fw-la voluntate_fw-la et_fw-la praecepto_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la necnon_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibi_fw-la praesentium_fw-la the_o council_n so_o choose_v as_o aforesaid_a dorso_fw-la be_v to_o advise_v the_o king_n in_o hiis_fw-la quae_fw-la spectant_fw-la ad_fw-la regimen_fw-la curiae_fw-la et_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o at_o that_o time_n nostro_fw-la or_o immediate_o upon_o it_o rex_fw-la statuit_fw-la et_fw-la ordinavit_fw-la as_o mr._n camden_n tell_v we_o who_o authority_n i_o shall_v enforce_v that_o none_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o baron_n shall_v come_v to_o parliament_n but_o they_o to_o who_o the_o king_n vouchsafe_v to_o send_v his_o special_a summons_n or_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o people_n in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o alia_fw-la illa_fw-la brevia_fw-la what_o i_o have_v already_o draw_v from_o the_o bowel_n of_o antiquity_n make_v i_o think_v that_o mr._n selden_n be_v arrive_v to_o this_o maturity_n of_o judgement_n when_o he_o put_v out_o the_o first_o edition_n of_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n wherein_o he_o receive_v without_o doubt_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o learned_a clarenceulx_fw-fr mr._n camden_n 278._o concern_v the_o new_a model_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o england_n loquor_fw-la which_o mr._n camden_n tell_v we_o he_o have_v out_o of_o a_o author_n old_a enough_o to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o assertion_n upon_o this_o authority_n mr._n selden_n take_v it_o then_o pro_fw-la concesso_fw-la that_o the_o alteration_n be_v as_o be_v there_o show_v and_o begin_v in_o the_o 48th_o of_o hen._n the_o three_o and_o that_o the_o first_o summons_n according_o be_v the_o 49th_o which_o he_o illustrate_v by_o the_o like_a many_o year_n after_o in_o scotland_n item_n 1._o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o hail_n council_n general_o have_v statute_n and_o ordain_v that_o the_o small_a baronne_n and_o free_a tennente_n neid_v not_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n nor_o general_n counsel_n swa_o that_o of_o ilk_fw-mi shirefdome_n their_o be_v send_v choose_v at_o the_o head_n court_n of_o the_o shirefdome_n twa_fw-mi or_o maa_o wise_a man_n after_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o shirefdome_n all_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n duke_n earls_z lord_n of_o parliament_n and_o banrets_n the_o quhilk_n the_o king_n will_v be_v receive_v and_o summon_v to_o council_n and_o parliament_n be_v his_o special_a precept_n this_o i_o conceive_v be_v a_o illustration_n of_o mr._n camden_n authority_n ad_fw-la summum_fw-la honorem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la 122._o speak_v of_o the_o word_n baro._n exit_fw-la quo_fw-la rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ex_fw-la tantâ_fw-la multitudine_fw-la quae_fw-la seditiosa_fw-la et_fw-la turbulenta_fw-la fuit_fw-la optimos_fw-la quosque_fw-la rescripto_fw-la ad_fw-la comitia_fw-la parlamentaria_fw-la evocaverit_fw-la ille_fw-la enim_fw-la ex_fw-la satis_fw-la antiquo_fw-la authore_fw-la loquor_fw-la post_fw-la magnas_fw-la perturbationes_fw-la et_fw-la enorme_n vexationes_fw-la inter_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la et_fw-la simonem_fw-la de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr forti_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la barones_n motas_fw-la &_o sopitas_fw-la statuit_fw-la &_o ordinavit_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regni_n angliae_fw-la quibus_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la dignatus_fw-la est_fw-la brevia_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la dirigere_fw-la venirent_fw-la ad_fw-la parliament_n ’_o suum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alii_fw-la nisi_fw-la forte_fw-fr dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la alia_fw-la illa_fw-la brevia_fw-la dirigere_fw-la voluisset_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la paulo_fw-la ante_fw-la obitum_fw-la incepit_fw-la ed._n 1._o ejusque_fw-la successores_fw-la constant_a observarunt_fw-la unde_fw-la illi_fw-la soli_fw-la regni_fw-la barones_n censebantur_fw-la qui_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la summonitionum_fw-la ut_fw-la vocant_fw-la rescriptis_fw-la ad_fw-la comitia_fw-la evocaverant_a donec_fw-la r._n 2._o joannem_fw-la de_fw-la beauchamp_n de_fw-fr holt_n baronem_fw-la de_fw-fr kiderminster_n diplomate_v dato_fw-la 10._o octob._n anno_fw-la nostri_fw-la svi_fw-la 11._o creaverit_fw-la the_o substance_n of_o this_o be_v that_o the_o word_n baro_n be_v applicable_a to_o the_o whole_a people_n the_o body_n of_o freeholders_n especial_o as_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n till_o the_o king_n confer_v particular_a honour_n upon_o some_o by_o his_o especial_a writ_n of_o summons_n and_o none_o other_o come_v but_o in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o aliae_fw-la illa_fw-la brevia_fw-la that_o be_v the_o writ_n for_o election_n in_o county_n city_n and_o borough_n that_o this_o be_v begin_v to_o prevent_v those_o tumult_n of_o which_o both_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n have_v fatal_a experience_n that_o this_o be_v enact_v in_o due_a form_n of_o law_n though_o the_o form_n be_v not_o express_v yet_o it_o be_v imply_v under_o the_o statuit_fw-la &_o ordinavit_fw-la be_v word_n of_o legislation_n and_o for_o confirmation_n that_o it_o be_v so_o it_o have_v be_v follow_v ever_o since_o and_o that_o the_o baron_n by_o creation_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o their_o creation_n have_v right_o to_o sit_v as_o of_o the_o high_a order_n previous_a to_o their_o sit_v or_o express_a summons_n come_v not_o in_o till_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o against_o this_o mr._n selden_n who_o insight_n into_o record_n and_o m_n make_v he_o take_v it_o ill_a that_o any_o shall_v escape_v his_o view_n have_v raise_v these_o objection_n 1._o in_o all_o occurrence_n that_o i_o meet_v with_o 589._o since_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n i_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o interest_n that_o those_o other_o tenant_n in_o chief_a eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la have_v in_o parliament_n who_o doubtless_o be_v the_o person_n that_o be_v exclude_v from_o it_o when_o soever_o such_o law_n be_v make_v tanti_fw-la viri_fw-la pace_fw-la this_o objection_n come_v not_o nigh_o the_o point_n it_o not_o be_v prove_v at_o least_o that_o king_n john_n charter_n give_v the_o form_n of_o a_o parliament_n or_o general_n council_n or_o of_o any_o other_o than_o a_o council_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n for_o matter_n belong_v to_o their_o tenure_n and_o this_o sense_n mr._n selden_n himself_o confirm_v when_o he_o say_v that_o he_o find_v not_o that_o the_o minores_fw-la barones_n in_o chief_a or_o those_o other_o tenant_n in_o chief_a eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la have_v any_o interest_n in_o parliament_n now_o not_o have_v any_o peculiar_a interest_n what_o need_v of_o a_o

to_o portsmouth_n they_o which_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o last_o be_v specify_v under_o the_o denomination_n of_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la militare_fw-la servitium_n ei_fw-la debebant_fw-la this_o be_v to_o have_v they_o pass_v the_o sea_n with_o he_o and_o they_o that_o stay_v at_o home_n give_v he_o escuage_z veniente_fw-la autem_fw-la die_fw-la statuto_fw-la multi_fw-la impetratâ_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la daunt_v regi_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la scuto_fw-la dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la argenti_n here_o be_v a_o military_a council_n and_o a_o military_a aid_n give_v they_o that_o be_v with_o he_o at_o dover_n be_v not_o particular_o describe_v by_o matthew_n paris_n but_o he_o tell_v we_o convenerunt_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o pandulphus_fw-la cum_fw-la proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la domum_fw-la militum_fw-la templi_fw-la juxta_fw-la doveram_fw-la 15._o die_v maii_n par._n ubi_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la quod_fw-la romae_fw-la fierat_fw-la sententiatum_fw-la resignavit_fw-la coronam_fw-la svam_fw-la cum_fw-la regnis_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la knyghton_n as_o matt._n paris_n and_o knyghton_n render_v the_o charter_n as_o matt._n westminster_n ad_fw-la optimum_fw-la consilium_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la 271._o the_o last_o give_v we_o the_o form_n of_o the_o summons_n which_o show_v who_o be_v the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la here_o the_o proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o matt._n paris_n omnes_fw-la suae_fw-la ditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la 271._o viz._n deuce_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la cum_fw-la equis_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o military_a summons_n to_o they_o that_o ought_v to_o come_v because_o of_o service_n which_o be_v explain_v by_o the_o summons_n to_o dover_n which_o be_v to_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la militare_fw-la servitium_fw-la ei_fw-la debebant_fw-la if_o he_o think_v all_o be_v bind_v to_o that_o service_n and_o summon_v all_o still_o the_o parliament_n judgement_n satisfy_v we_o either_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o oblige_v and_o therefore_o come_v not_o or_o if_o they_o come_v as_o they_o often_o do_v in_o hen._n 3._o time_n upon_o the_o like_a summons_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o record_n of_o that_o age_n that_o the_o king_n tenant_n only_o assent_v to_o the_o resignation_n either_o way_n it_o resolve_v into_o this_o that_o a_o council_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v not_o a_o council_n that_o can_v lay_v any_o obligation_n upon_o or_o pretend_v to_o a_o representation_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n indeed_o i_o meet_v with_o a_o ms._n write_v i_o suppose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 6._o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n past_a the_o author_n of_o which_o be_v induce_v by_o all_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o have_v then_o appear_v to_o he_o to_o believe_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v of_o universal_a obligation_n even_o in_o king_n john_n time_n but_o what_o be_v assent_v to_o as_o universal_o as_o law_n be_v when_o he_o write_v give_v we_o king_n john_n charter_n of_o resignation_n in_o a_o very_a full_a and_o complete_a form_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v per_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la arch._n ep._n ab._n prior._n comitat._n defunct_a baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la whereby_o if_o his_o authority_n can_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o great_a council_n he_o will_v remove_v the_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v long_o before_o make_v which_o be_v that_o this_o resignation_n make_v in_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n be_v not_o in_o a_o legal_a representative_a of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v that_o both_o the_o parliament_n and_o this_o author_n be_v then_o satisfy_v that_o the_o king_n be_v feudal_n peer_n or_o tenant_n in_o chief_n can_v not_o make_v a_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o a_o full_a parliament_n in_o king_n john_n time_n beside_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n that_o if_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o this_o time_n than_o all_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o other_o dignify_v clergy_n who_o hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a and_o yet_o be_v very_o numerous_a together_o with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v entire_o exclude_v from_o and_o never_o admit_v to_o this_o common_a council_n any_o more_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o laity_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o forty_o nine_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o this_o i_o conceive_v be_v enough_o in_o the_o negative_a that_o the_o king_n tenant_n can_v not_o within_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o charter_n make_v the_o common_a or_o general_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o make_v the_o common_a or_o ordinary_a council_n for_o matter_n of_o tenure_n or_o ordinary_a justice_n i_o shall_v not_o oppose_v it_o in_o which_o sense_n they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o that_o sense_n can_v be_v here_o intend_v because_o the_o word_n be_v commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_o no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o aid_n and_o escuage_z and_o if_o i_o show_v that_o the_o aid_n and_o escuage_z concern_v the_o king_n tenant_n only_o than_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n dwindle_n into_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n for_o matter_n concern_v their_o tenure_n if_o no_o instance_n can_v be_v show_v from_o record_n or_o history_n of_o auxilia_fw-la or_o aid_n raise_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n without_o more_o general_a consent_n except_o such_o as_o be_v raise_v of_o his_o immediate_a tenant_n and_o those_o case_n wherein_o the_o king_n here_o reserve_v to_o himself_o a_o power_n of_o charge_v with_o aid_n or_o escuage_z without_o consent_n of_o a_o common_a council_n concern_v his_o tenant_n only_o and_o more_o than_o those_o tenant_n be_v party_n or_o privy_n to_o this_o charter_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o other_o case_n wherein_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o common_a council_n be_v requisite_a concern_v tenant_n only_o since_o only_o their_o consent_n be_v require_v and_o they_o only_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o this_o clause_n of_o the_o charter_n that_o two_o of_o the_o three_o above_o mention_v viz._n aid_v to_o make_v the_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o to_o marry_v the_o elder_a daughter_n be_v incident_a to_o tenure_n appear_v by_o the_o stat._n west_n 1._o cap._n 36._o which_o ascertain_v the_o aid_n which_o before_o as_o that_o declare_v be_v not_o reasonable_a and_o show_v upon_o who_o it_o lay_v viz._n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o socage_n tenant_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o if_o the_o king_n may_v by_o law_n have_v require_v aid_n in_o those_o two_o case_n he_o may_v have_v do_v it_o in_o the_o three_o for_o the_o redemption_n of_o his_o own_o body_n which_o be_v a_o service_n a_o king_n of_o england_n especial_o after_o the_o loss_n of_o normandy_n which_o often_o occasion_v the_o expose_v their_o sacred_a person_n charter_n so_o little_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o and_o be_v likely_a so_o rare_o to_o happen_v that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o redress_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n any_o grievance_n arise_v from_o thence_o though_o the_o statute_n here_o speak_v of_o be_v only_o in_o the_o affirmative_a what_o tenant_n by_o these_o service_n shall_v pay_v yet_o this_o have_v be_v take_v to_o be_v pregnant_a with_o a_o negative_a as_o to_o all_o other_o not_o mention_v so_o 11_o hen._n 4._o fol._n 32._o nul_fw-fr grand_fw-fr sergeanty_n ne_fw-fr nul_fw-fr auter_n tenure_n mes_fw-fr seulement_fw-fr ceux_fw-fr queux_fw-fr teigne_v in_o chivalry_n &_o en_fw-fr socage_n ne_fw-fr paieront_fw-fr aid_n a_o file_n merry_a pour_n ceo_fw-la stat._n de_fw-fr west_n 1._o cap._n 36._o voet_n que_fw-fr ceux_fw-fr deux_fw-fr tenor_n serroint_v charge_n &_o ne_fw-fr parle_fw-fr de_fw-fr auter_n tenor_n that_o be_v none_o but_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o socage_n be_v liable_a to_o these_o auxilia_fw-la but_o over_o and_o above_o these_o incident_n whether_o with_o consent_n of_o tenant_n or_o advice_n of_o other_o council_n or_o mere_o of_o their_o arbitrary_a motion_n king_n use_v to_o raise_v money_n upon_o their_o tenant_n and_o these_o be_v call_v auxilia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n use_v in_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n the_o leavy_z upon_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v call_v escuage_z because_o of_o their_o servitium_n scuti_fw-la service_n of_o the_o shield_n that_o upon_o tenant_n of_o their_o demesn_n in_o common_a socage_n tallage_n which_o be_v a_o word_n that_o may_v be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n as_o it_o signify_v a_o cut_n

county_n that_o be_v they_o which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o county_n court_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la in_o another_o record_n the_o milites_fw-la et_fw-la probi_fw-la homines_fw-la 3._o that_o be_v honest_a freeholder_n be_v use_v as_o the_o same_o in_o pleno_fw-la com._n tuo_fw-la dicas_fw-la militibus_fw-la probis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la ballivae_fw-la tuus_fw-la etc._n etc._n 147._o the_o milites_fw-la or_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v under_o the_o sheriff_n an_z officer_z of_o their_o own_o choice_n as_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o king_n time_n to_o be_v sure_a and_o long_o after_o the_o office_n of_o the_o heretochius_fw-la who_o have_v be_v the_o ductor_n militiae_fw-la have_v be_v discontinue_v no_o body_n know_v how_o long_o and_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o only_a as_o a_o office_n that_o have_v be_v but_o the_o sheriff_n be_v of_o the_o freeholders_n choice_n not_o the_o king_n have_v no_o certain_a salary_n 74._o nor_o fee_n upon_o any_o account_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o depend_v upon_o what_o the_o king_n shall_v give_v out_o of_o the_o two_o three_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o county_n the_o tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la the_o three_o part_n the_o earl_n o●_n count_n have_v who_o will_v imagine_v that_o the_o sheriff_n as_o sheriff_n have_v any_o feud_n raise_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o king_n that_o be_v be_v to_o attend_v at_o his_o court_n or_o in_o his_o war_n with_o their_o feudall_a knight_n the_o posse_fw-la commitatus_fw-la which_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o be_v of_o quite_o another_o nature_n indeed_o i_o find_v one_o fulcherus_n 〈…〉_z homo_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la that_o be_v tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n to_o which_o homage_n be_v incident_a and_o in_o that_o sense_n miles_n vicecomitis_fw-la in_o another_o part_n tenet_n rogerus_fw-la de_fw-fr picoto_n vicecomite_n de_fw-fr foedo_fw-la regis_fw-la hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la tenuit_fw-la gold_n sub_fw-la abbate_n eli_n potuit_fw-la dare_v absque_fw-la ejus_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la sine_fw-la sacâ_fw-la this_o have_v be_v freehold_n within_o the_o abbot_n precinct_n alienable_a without_o licence_n subject_n to_o no_o suit_n of_o court_n and_o be_v grant_v to_o picot_n then_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n feud_n that_o be_v by_o knight_n service_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o hold_v this_o as_o vicecome_fw-la but_o as_o baro_n so_o it_o be_v if_o any_o man_n have_v the_o county_n in_o fee_n but_o the_o king_n summon_v the_o barones_n &_o vicecomite_n that_o be_v the_o vicecomite_n without_o consideration_n of_o their_o capacity_n as_o baron_n and_o their_o knight_n it_o be_v long_o after_o this_o that_o the_o word_n vicecome_fw-la be_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o tbe_n name_n of_o the_o office_n here_o speak_v of_o 256._o a_o honorary_a viscount_n be_v not_o then_o know_v such_o indeed_o may_v at_o their_o creation_n have_v have_v feud_n raise_v upon_o the_o land_n grant_v along_o with_o their_o honour_n there_o be_v this_o far_a proof_n that_o this_o be_v more_o than_o a_o council_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n and_o officer_n or_o ordinary_a court_n in_o that_o the_o summons_n be_v immediate_o after_o the_o curia_n and_o that_o to_o a_o place_n sufficient_o capacious_a salisbury_n plain_a et_fw-la in_o hebdomada_fw-la pentecostes_fw-la suum_fw-la filium_fw-la henricum_fw-la apud_fw-la west_n ubi_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la tenuit_fw-la armis_fw-la militaribus_fw-la honoravit_fw-la here_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o curia_n 213._o the_o king_n give_v arm_n in_o his_o court_n to_o the_o great_a man_n and_o immediate_a tenant_n the_o common_a freeholder_n receive_v they_o in_o the_o county_n court_n either_o at_o come_v to_o age_n or_o upon_o become_v free_a by_o manumission_n which_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o a_o man_n will_v desire_v unless_o he_o have_v a_o freehold_n to_o live_v upon_o or_o that_o thereby_o those_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o villeinage_n become_v free_a but_o though_o one_o be_v bear_v free_a yet_o i_o take_v it_o he_o be_v to_o receive_v a_o formal_a military_a honour_n have_v arm_n deliver_v to_o he_o when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o 373._o it_o be_v use_v as_o a_o sign_n that_o one_o be_v not_o of_o age_n when_o he_o seal_v a_o deed_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v not_o effectual_a because_o militari_fw-la baltheo_fw-la nondum_fw-la cinctus_fw-la erat_fw-la 2._o we_o find_v that_o when_o a_o freeman_n die_v his_o heir_n under_o age_n some_o body_n be_v to_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o arms._n siquis_fw-la arma_fw-la haec_fw-la habens_fw-la obierit_fw-la remaneat_fw-la haeredi_fw-la svo_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la haeres_fw-la de_fw-fr tali_fw-la statu_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la armis_fw-la uti_fw-la possit_fw-la si_fw-la opus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ille_fw-la qui_fw-la eum_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o custodia_fw-la habeat_fw-la similiter_fw-la custodiam_fw-la armorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o when_o he_o come_v of_o age_n tunc_fw-la ea_fw-la habeat_fw-la this_o be_v in_o hen._n 2._o time_n and_o then_o the_o public_a delivery_n of_o arm_n to_o all_o freeman_n may_v have_v be_v disuse_v 306._o but_o ancient_o as_o mr._n selden_n observe_v the_o take_a arm_n by_o young_a man_n from_o public_a authority_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o knighthood_n but_o soon_o after_o will._n the_o first_o have_v at_o his_o court_n knight_v his_o son_n henry_n he_o call_v this_o great_a assembly_n of_o barones_n &_o vicecomites_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la militibus_fw-la dunelm_n his_o curia_n be_v hold_v at_o whitsuntide_n nec_fw-la multo_fw-la post_fw-la mandavit_fw-la ut_fw-la arch._n ep_n abb._n com._n bar._n vicecomites_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la militibus_fw-la die_v kal._n aug._n sibi_fw-la occurrerent_fw-la saresberiae_fw-la quocum_fw-la venissent_fw-la milites_fw-la illorum_fw-la sibi_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la contra_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la jur_fw-la be_v coegit_fw-la here_o i_o take_v it_o milites_fw-la illorum_fw-la refer_v to_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o sheriff_n 146._o that_o be_v the_o freeholder_n this_o be_v adunatio_fw-la conciliorum_fw-la a_o join_v together_o of_o the_o several_a council_n of_o the_o county_n regni_fw-la where_o the_o swear_a allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n be_v one_o of_o their_o principal_a work_n the_o king_n tenant_n have_v do_v it_o of_o course_n in_o the_o curia_fw-la but_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a thing_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v for_o a_o argument_n that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o they_o be_v evocati●_n ad_fw-la fidei_fw-la vinculum_fw-la for_o satisfaction_n i_o will_v offer_v a_o record_n of_o the_o same_o work_n do_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 3_o term_n celebrato_fw-la nuper_fw-la concilio_n apud_fw-la bristol_n ubi_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la universi_fw-la ang._n praelati_fw-la tam_fw-la ep._n ab._n quam_fw-la primores_fw-la et_fw-la multi_fw-la tam_fw-la comites_fw-la quam_fw-la barones_n qui_fw-la etiam_fw-la univerfaliten_v fidelitatem_fw-la nobis_fw-la publicè_fw-la facientes_fw-la concessis_fw-la eye_n libertatibus_fw-la &_o liberis_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n prius_fw-la postulatis_fw-la &_o ipsis_fw-la approbatis_fw-la dorso_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o king_n yield_v they_o those_o liberty_n and_o free-custom_n which_o they_o desire_v and_o they_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o here_o be_v the_o fidei_fw-la vinculum_fw-la but_o perhaps_o they_o will_v say_v that_o this_o of_o w._n the_o first_o be_v no_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n because_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o any_o law_n pass_v or_o that_o they_o be_v summon_v to_o that_o end_n for_o the_o first_o i_o think_v no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o the_o assembly_n be_v less_o parliamentary_a because_o nothing_o be_v agree_v upon_o in_o it_o indeed_o we_o find_v that_o where_o a_o parliament_n be_v dissolve_v without_o any_o act_n pass_v rep._n it_o be_v say_v by_o judge_n cook_n not_o to_o be_v a_o parliament_n but_o the_o inception_n of_o a_o parliament_n that_o be_v no_o session_n but_o whoever_o will_v consult_v the_o summons_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 1._o &_o 2._o may_v satisfy_v himself_o that_o there_o be_v many_o parliament_n call_v dor_n at_o which_o there_o be_v no_o law_n pass_v dor_n but_o mere_o advice_n give_v and_o yet_o at_o the_o end_n thereof_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v their_o writ_n of_o expense_n wherein_o the_o king_n declare_v that_o they_o have_v be_v call_v to_o parliament_n nobiscum_fw-la de_fw-la diversis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la regni_fw-la specialiter_fw-la tangentibus_fw-la tractatur_fw-la for_o the_o last_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n whether_o the_o cause_n of_o summons_n be_v express_v it_o be_v enough_o if_o it_o be_v de_fw-fr quibusdam_fw-la arduis_fw-la or_o however_o else_o be_v the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n beside_o it_o be_v certain_a many_o law_n have_v pass_v in_o public_a council_n ancient_o of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o intimation_n from_o those_o historian_n which_o mention_v such_o council_n wherever_o i_o find_v

jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la fancy_n nova_fw-la or_o several_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n touch_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n and_o officer_n from_o the_o first_o of_o william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o forty_o nine_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o revive_v and_o and_o clear_v wherein_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o of_o the_o law_n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a concern_v clergy-men_n vote_v in_o capital_a case_n be_v submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a decipimur_fw-la specie_fw-la recti_fw-la hor._n london_n print_v for_o thomas_n basset_n at_o the_o george_n near_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1680._o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la fancy_n nova_fw-la that_o king_n john_n charter_n exhibit_v the_o full_a form_n of_o our_o english_a great_a and_o most_o general_a council_n in_o those_o day_n if_o i_o may_v faith_fw-mi so_o be_v the_o vulgar_a error_n of_o our_o learned_a man_n and_o it_o be_v that_o which_o have_v give_v the_o only_a prejudice_n to_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o judicious_a mr._n petyt_n who_o i_o must_v faith_fw-mi have_v lay_v the_o foundation_n and_o sure_a rule_n of_o understand_v the_o ancient_a record_n and_o history_n which_o mention_v the_o great_a or_o general_a council_n in_o his_o distinction_n between_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la 131._o and_o commune_v or_o generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la and_o barones_n regni_n and_o the_o servitia_fw-la which_o be_v pay_v or_o perform_v by_o reason_n of_o tenure_n and_o those_o common_a prestation_n 37._o which_o bracton_n mention_n sunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la quaedam_fw-la commune_v praestationes_fw-la quae_fw-la servitia_fw-la non_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la veniunt_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la necessitas_fw-la intervenerit_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la rex_fw-la venerit_fw-la sicut_fw-la sunt_fw-la hidagia_fw-la corragia_fw-la carvagia_fw-la &_o alia_fw-la plura_fw-la de_fw-la necessitate_v &_o consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la introducta_fw-la which_o be_v not_o call_v service_n nor_o come_v from_o custom_n but_o be_v only_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n acre_n or_o when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o people_n as_o hidage_n courage_n and_o carvage_a and_o many_o other_o thing_n bring_v in_o by_o necessity_n and_o by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o i_o must_v observe_v upon_o the_o difference_n here_o take_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o the_o maintain_v a_o real_a difference_n to_o insist_v upon_o it_o that_o none_o of_o these_o word_n be_v ever_o use_v to_o signify_v what_o be_v the_o natural_a signification_n of_o the_o other_o for_o example_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v sufficient_o distinct_a in_o their_o sense_n and_o yet_o when_o but_o one_o of_o the_o word_n be_v use_v either_o of_o they_o may_v and_o often_o do_v take_v in_o the_o other_o but_o when_o barones_n milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v set_v together_o the_o barones_n be_v a_o rank_n of_o man_n superior_a to_o the_o ordinary_a milites_fw-la it_o be_v enough_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o difference_n above_o mention_v be_v right_o take_v if_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n and_o circumstance_n we_o can_v clear_o divide_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o now_o let_v we_o see_v the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n 1215._o and_o observe_v whether_o they_o be_v mean_v of_o all_o general_n or_o common_a council_n for_o make_v of_o law_n and_o voluntary_a gift_n to_o the_o crown_n or_o only_o of_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n nullum_fw-la scutagium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la corpus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la redimendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitum_fw-la filium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la militem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la semel_fw-la maritandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la fiet_fw-la nisi_fw-la rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la civitate_fw-la londinensi_fw-la et_fw-la civitas_n londinensis_fw-la habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la aquas_fw-la praeterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portubus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_fw-la habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudives_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la hear_v the_o london_n edition_n of_o matthew_n paris_n 247._o and_o that_o at_o tours_n make_v a_o period_n distinct_a from_o what_o follow_v and_o then_o the_o sense_n be_v that_o except_o in_o those_o three_o case_n wherein_o the_o king_n may_v take_v aid_n or_o escuage_z at_o the_o common_a law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o common_a council_n for_o all_o other_o aid_n or_o escuage_z a_o common_a council_n shall_v be_v hold_v and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n all_o city_n burrough_n parish_n or_o township_n that_o be_v the_o villani_n their_o inhabitant_n the_o baron_n or_o freeman_n of_o the_o five_o port_n and_o all_o port_n shall_v among_o other_o free_a custom_n enjoy_v their_o right_n of_o be_v of_o or_o constitute_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o so_o much_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o these_o or_o any_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la come_v before_o this_o charter_n and_o be_v at_o the_o make_n of_o it_o their_o right_n be_v preserve_v to_o they_o by_o it_o and_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n 3._o cap._n 9_o civitas_n lond._n 9_o habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la antiquas_fw-la 20._o &_o consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la preterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la burgi_n villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o emne_v alii_fw-la portus_fw-la habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o for_o a_o evidence_n of_o what_o be_v their_o custom_n and_o right_n as_o to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n both_o these_o charter_n be_v make_v to_o and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o all_o the_o clergy_n count_n baron_n and_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n king_n john_n as_o mr._n selden_n tell_v we_o he_o conceive_v be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o barones_n &_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 587._o as_o other_o particular_n be_v of_o the_o same_o time_n but_o the_o record_n which_o he_o cite_v in_o the_o margin_n put_v it_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n that_o the_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o they_o all_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la conventio_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la 21._o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la unâ_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o robertum_fw-la filium_fw-la walteri_fw-la marescallum_n dei_fw-la &_o sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la angliae_fw-la dorso_fw-la &_o ric._n com._n de_fw-fr clare_n etc._n etc._n &_o alios_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la ex_fw-la alterâ_fw-la parte_fw-la and_o in_o another_o record_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v inter_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la dominii_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v present_a and_o who_o be_v at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o have_v be_v so_o many_o time_n confirm_v it_o acquaint_v we_o at_o the_o end_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la autem_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o concessione_n libertatum_fw-la 38._o &_o aliarum_fw-la libertatum_fw-la in_o cartâ_fw-la de_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la forestae_fw-la arch._n ep._n ab._n pr._n comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la dederunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la quinto-decimam_a partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilum_fw-la suorum_fw-la the_o charter_n here_o mention_v of_o the_o forest_n have_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o second_o of_o hen._n 3._o as_o be_v the_o great_a charter_n legèm_fw-la the_o party_n to_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o subsidy_n be_v the_o very_a same_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la not_o to_o produce_v here_o the_o proof_n of_o such_o general_a assembly_n from_o the_o conquest_n downward_o to_o the_o 49_o h._n 3._o i_o may_v say_v upon_o what_o i_o have_v already_o show_v that_o this_o interpretation_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n etc._n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v divide_v from_o the_o rest_n and_o make_v a_o common_a council_n for_o escuage_z only_o agree_v better_a with_o the_o record_n and_o history_n than_o the_o notion_n that_o they_o alone_o compose_v the_o whole_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v but_o i_o will_v take_v the_o word_n together_o even_o as_o they_o who_o be_v

fond_a of_o the_o conjecture_n of_o their_o be_v the_o full_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n will_v have_v it_o et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la submoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la arch._n ep._n ab._n &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la singillatim_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la 〈◊〉_d et_fw-la praeterea_fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la quadragint_fw-la dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la litteris_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la causam_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la factâ_fw-la submonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuerint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la submoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la here_o be_v i_o grant_v the_o form_n of_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o purpose_n here_o name_v which_o be_v for_o aid_n and_o escuage_z socage_n the_o aid_n i_o say_v and_o shall_v show_v be_v from_o those_o tenant_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o common_a socage_n such_o as_o hold_v geldable_a or_o talliable_a land_n the_o escuage_z concern_v the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n service_n but_o both_o concern_v only_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o chief_a which_o appear_v in_o the_o very_o confine_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la and_o other_o which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la whereas_o 1_o there_o be_v majores_fw-la barones_n who_o hold_v not_o by_o any_o feudal_n tenure_n that_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o attend_v at_o the_o king_n ordinary_a court_n and_o they_o with_o they_o that_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n have_v their_o common_a council_n apart_o though_o all_o may_v meet_v at_o general_a council_n so_o that_o what_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v not_o so_o indefinite_o to_o all_o 2._o there_o be_v other_o who_o be_v oblige_v or_o have_v right_a to_o be_v of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o not_o upon_o the_o account_v mention_v in_o this_o charter_n 1._o the_o norman_a prince_n to_o the_o encouragement_n of_o those_o great_a man_n that_o adventure_v for_o his_o glory_n make_v some_o of_o they_o as_o little_a king_n and_o give_v they_o the_o regal_a government_n of_o several_a county_n in_o which_o they_o with_o the_o great_a man_n thereof_o and_o the_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la freeholder_n make_v law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o inheritance_n and_o the_o maintain_v the_o peace_n chester_n and_o that_o of_o chester_n in_o particular_a be_v give_v to_o hugh_n lupus_fw-la tenendum_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haered_n ita_fw-la verè_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la 247._o sicut_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la tenebat_fw-la angliam_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la so_o that_o he_o want_v nothing_o but_o a_o crown_n to_o make_v he_o king_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o count_n hugh_n cheshire_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n werburg_n he_o say_v ego_fw-la comes_fw-la hugo_n &_o mei_fw-la barones_n confirmavimus_fw-la and_o one_o of_o his_o successor_n grant_v to_o his_o baron_n quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la eorum_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la habeat_fw-la liberam_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la placitis_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la meum_fw-la pertinentibus_fw-la and_o at_o the_o coronation_n of_o h._n 3._o lond._n which_o be_v after_o this_o charter_n earl_n john_n another_o of_o william_n successor_n carry_v st._n edward_n sword_n before_o the_o king_n as_o matthew_n paris_z tell_v we_o for_o a_o sign_n that_o he_o have_v of_o right_a a_o very_a extraordinary_a power_n comite_fw-la cestriae_fw-la gladium_fw-la sancti_fw-la edwardi_fw-la qui_fw-la curtain_n dicitur_fw-la ante_fw-la regem_fw-la bajulante_fw-la in_fw-la signum_fw-la quod_fw-la comes_fw-la est_fw-la palatinus_n &_o regem_fw-la si_fw-la oberret_fw-la habeat_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la potestatem_fw-la cohibendi_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a count_n palatine_n yet_o other_o have_v their_o separate_a council_n where_o they_o make_v law_n william_n fitz-osborn_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o hereford_n under_o william_n the_o first_o of_o who_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n say_v manet_n in_o hunc_fw-la diem_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la ejus_fw-la apud_fw-la herefordum_fw-la legunm_fw-la quas_fw-la statuit_fw-la inconcussa_fw-la firmitas_fw-la 233._o ut_fw-la null●s_fw-la miles_n pro_fw-la qualicunque_fw-la commisso_fw-la plus_fw-la septem_fw-la solidis_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la ob_fw-la parvam_fw-la occasi_fw-la inculam_fw-la in_o transgressione_n praecepti_fw-la herilis_fw-la viginti_fw-la vel_fw-la viginti_fw-la quinque_fw-la pendantur_fw-la of_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v example_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o old_a earl_n of_o cornwall_n ib._n and_o the_o like_a to_o return_v to_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n cheshire_n its_o count_n be_v not_o tent._n in_o capite_fw-la with_o the_o restriction_n above_o take_v viz._n subject_a to_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o oblige_v to_o attend_v once_o at_o the_o court_n as_o other_o tenant_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o general_a council_n he_o be_v present_a therefore_o this_o council_n mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n where_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la oblige_v to_o the_o ordinary_a incident_n of_o such_o tenure_n be_v be_v no_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o our_o modern_a author_n will_v have_v though_o it_o be_v for_o the_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a tenure_n all_o that_o be_v concern_v be_v at_o it_o p._n in_o the_o year_n 1232._o king_n hen._n 3._o hold_v his_o curia_n or_o court_n at_o winchester_n at_o christmas_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o court_n day_n or_o rather_o time_n of_o meeting_n for_o it_o often_o hold_v several_a day_n johannis_n and_o therefore_o when_o that_o at_o tewksbury_n in_o king_n john_n reign_n hold_v but_o a_o day_n it_o be_v special_o take_v notice_n of_o 359._o soon_o after_o king_n henry_n christmas_n court_v dor_n he_o summon_v all_o the_o magnate_v of_o england_n ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la when_o they_o meet_v because_o he_o be_v great_o in_o debt_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o war_n he_o demand_v auxilium_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la generaliter_fw-la quo_fw-la audito_fw-la comes_fw-la cestriae_fw-la ranulphus_fw-la pro_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la loquens_fw-la respondit_fw-la 3._o quod_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n ac_fw-la milites_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenebant_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la erant_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la praesentes_fw-la council_n &_o pecuniam_fw-la svam_fw-la ita_fw-la inaniter_fw-la effuderunt_fw-la quod_fw-la inde_fw-la pauperes_fw-la omnes_fw-la recesserunt_fw-la unde_fw-la regi_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la auxilium_fw-la non_fw-la debebant_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la petitâ_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la omnes_fw-la recesserunt_fw-la here_o be_v the_o earl_n of_o chester_n this_o be_v a_o summons_n to_o a_o general_n assembly_n but_o when_o the_o king_n ask_v money_n for_o his_o expense_n in_o the_o war_n he_o tell_v he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o laity_n that_o those_o which_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v he_o be_v none_o of_o they_o serve_v he_o in_o their_o person_n and_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n therefore_o they_o beg_v leave_n to_o be_v go_v march_n if_o the_o king_n have_v no_o other_o business_n with_o they_o for_o no_o aid_n be_v due_a so_o that_o it_o seem_v they_o look_v upon_o auxilium_fw-la to_o be_v something_o in_o lieu_n of_o the_o service_n which_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v that_o this_o concern_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o k_o it_o be_v service_n and_o no_o other_o except_o the_o inferior_a talliable_a tenant_n &_o they_o that_o be_v then_o assemble_v be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o umpire_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v no_o pretence_n for_o aid_n from_o they_o for_o they_o have_v perform_v their_o service_n due_a if_o only_a tenant_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n be_v here_o intend_v by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o only_o most_o common_o attend_v the_o king_n in_o person_n though_o sometime_o all_o tenant_n whatever_o be_v require_v to_o attend_v and_o so_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o summons_n be_v take_v to_o be_v only_o of_o such_o tenant_n in_o chief_a than_o the_o aid_n there_o be_v mean_v only_o of_o such_o as_o come_v from_o they_o but_o that_o take_v not_o in_o all_o that_o be_v within_o the_o meaning_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n it_o add_v simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la civit._fw-la lond._n which_o pay_v a_o socage_n aid_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v but_o for_o chester_n even_o at_o those_o time_n when_o aid_n be_v grant_v by_o

more_o than_o the_o king_n tenant_n the_o earl_n baron_n and_o freeholder_n of_o chester_n give_v by_o themselves_o prince_n edward_n afterward_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o 44th_o of_o h._n 3._o count_n palat._n of_o chester_n and_o he_o have_v his_o common_a council_n there_o wherein_o he_o consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o palatinate_n apart_o from_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n dor_n barones_n &_o milites_fw-la cestrenses_fw-la &_o quamplures_fw-la alii_fw-la ad_fw-la sum_fw-la domini_fw-la edw._n coram_fw-la ipso_fw-la domino_fw-la edw._n apud_fw-la shorswick_n super_fw-la statum_fw-la terr_v illius_fw-la domini_fw-la edw._n consul_n &_o propon_n quae_fw-la hab_fw-mi proponenda_fw-la nay_o so_o careful_a be_v they_o that_o the_o king_n feudal_n jurisdiction_n shall_v not_o interfere_v with_o the_o earl_n or_o other_o lord_n there_o that_o they_o insist_v upon_o it_o as_o their_o prerogative_n so_o say_v many_o record_n that_o if_o one_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o any_o lord_n within_o the_o palatinate_n also_o the_o heir_n shall_v be_v in_o ward_n to_o the_o lord_n there_o not_o to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n of_o the_o other_o incident_n and_o attendance_n at_o the_o king_n court_n so_o that_o those_o of_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n can_v be_v no_o part_n of_o this_o common_a council_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o general_a in_o a_o inquisition_n take_v 22_o edw._n 1._o dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la a_o tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la extat_fw-la memoria_fw-la scaccario_n tam_fw-la temporibus_fw-la comitum_fw-la cestr_n quam_fw-la temporibus_fw-la regis_fw-la hen._n patris_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la qui_fw-la nunc_fw-la est_fw-la ac_fw-la tempore_fw-la ipsius_fw-la domini_fw-la edw._n regis_fw-la nunc_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la per_fw-la quandam_fw-la praerogativam_fw-la hactenus_fw-la in_o com._n cestr_n optentam_o &_o ufitatam_fw-la domini_fw-la feodorum_fw-la in_o com._n predict_v post_fw-la mortem_fw-la tenentium_fw-la suorum_fw-la custodiam_fw-la terrarum_fw-la &_o tenement_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la eye_n tenentur_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la legit_fw-la aetat_fw-la haer_v hususm_n ten_o licet_fw-la iidem_fw-la tenentes_fw-la alius_fw-la terr_v &_o ten_o in_o com._n praed_fw-we vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la de_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la semper_fw-la huc_fw-la usque_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la &_o habere_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n king_n edward_n the_o first_o 6._o send_v arch._n ep._n ab._n pri._n com._n bar_n mil._n &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la com._n cestriae_fw-la and_o desire_v they_o that_o since_o the_o prelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la which_o one_o will_v think_v take_v in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v give_v he_o the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o their_o moveable_n they_o will_v do_v the_o like_a and_o we_o find_v a_o record_n of_o their_o give_v a_o part_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n cum_fw-la probi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la comitatus_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o m._n 6._o omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiosè_fw-la so_o that_o these_o be_v then_o no_o part_n of_o the_o common_a concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la within_o this_o charter_n and_o no_o man_n can_v show_v that_o they_o be_v divide_v since_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o 2._o there_o be_v other_o who_o be_v oblige_v or_o have_v right_a to_o be_v of_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o not_o upon_o the_o account_v mention_v in_o this_o charter_n which_o if_o it_o appear_v than_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o the_o full_a form_n of_o it_o because_o there_o be_v common_a council_n wherein_o be_v other_o thing_n treat_v of_o and_o other_o person_n present_a for_o this_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a there_o be_v nothing_o but_o aid_n and_o escuage_z mention_v nothing_o of_o advice_n or_o authority_n give_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n which_o be_v ever_o enact_v with_o great_a solemnity_n and_o all_o the_o proprietor_n even_o of_o palatinate_n counties_n be_v present_a in_o person_n or_o legal_a representation_n when_o ever_o a_o general_a or_o universal_a law_n be_v make_v that_o bind_v the_o kingdom_n but_o to_o wave_v this_o at_o present_a i_o shall_v give_v one_o instance_n from_o record_n that_o other_o be_v to_o come_v or_o have_v right_a beside_o they_o that_o come_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o tenure_n as_o here_o mention_v the_o pope_n write_v to_o king_n hen._n 3._o 3_o in_o behalf_n of_o some_o of_o his_o great_a man_n who_o have_v complain_v to_o the_o pope_n that_o he_o have_v exclude_v they_o from_o his_o council_n the_o king_n answer_v that_o they_o have_v withdraw_v themselves_o dor_n and_o that_o falcatius_n de_fw-fr brent_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o be_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o magnates_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la all_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n call_v and_o admonish_v to_o receive_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n cum_fw-la aliâs_fw-la teneatur_fw-la ratione_fw-la possessionum_fw-la magnarum_fw-la &_o officii_fw-la maximi_fw-la quod_fw-la habuit_fw-la in_o curiâ_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la in_o consiliis_fw-la nostris_fw-la venire_fw-la non_fw-la vocatus_fw-la although_o beside_o the_o obligation_n to_o obey_v the_o king_n summons_n he_o be_v bind_v by_o reason_n of_o great_a possession_n and_o a_o very_a considerable_a place_n at_o court_n to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n council_n though_o not_o call_v that_o be_v when_o ever_o it_o be_v know_v that_o a_o council_n be_v to_o meet_v which_o may_v have_v be_v do_v by_o a_o indiction_n of_o a_o assembly_n without_o send_v to_o any_o body_n this_o show_v very_o plain_o that_o there_o be_v other_o to_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n beside_o those_o that_o be_v to_o come_v to_o those_o common_a council_n and_o other_o occasion_n for_o meeting_n for_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o person_n and_o cause_n here_o specify_v they_o be_v to_o have_v summons_n the_o majores_fw-la special_a the_o minores_fw-la general_n by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o 40_o day_n notice_n whereas_o the_o king_n say_v and_o can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o be_v but_o 10_o year_n before_o that_o falcatius_n be_v to_o come_v without_o summons_n but_o there_o be_v a_o further_a irrefragable_a argument_n in_o the_o negative_a viz._n that_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v not_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o that_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o a_o whole_a parliament_n in_o the_o forty_o of_o edw._n 8._o the_o three_o above_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o when_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o they_o have_v as_o clear_v a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o public_a act_n in_o king_n john_n time_n as_o we_o have_v of_o what_o pass_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o history_n that_o king_n john_n have_v resign_v his_o crown_n in_o such_o a_o council_n as_o this_o here_o 236._o it_o be_v communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o prelate_n duke_n count_n baron_n and_o commons_o upon_o full_a deliberation_n in_o parliament_n resolve_v that_o the_o resignation_n be_v void_a be_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n oath_n in_o that_o it_o be_v sanz_n leurassent_v without_o their_o assent_n and_o the_o king_n can_v not_o bring_v the_o realm_n in_o subjection_n sanz_n assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o the_o party_n then_o at_o council_n to_o have_v be_v assent_v personal_o to_o king_n john_n resignation_n yet_o they_o have_v assent_v by_o a_o natural_a as_o well_o as_o legal_a representative_a as_o have_v be_v long_o since_o show_v by_o the_o judicious_a mr._n hooker_n to_o be_v command_v we_o do_v consent_n 29._o when_o the_o society_n whereof_o we_o be_v part_n have_v at_o any_o time_n before_o consent_v without_o revoke_v the_o same_o afterward_o by_o the_o like_a universal_a agreement_n wherefore_o as_o any_o man_n deed_n past_o be_v good_a as_o long_o as_o himself_o continue_v so_o the_o act_n of_o a_o public_a society_n of_o man_n do_v five_o hundred_o year_n pass_v sithence_o stand_v as_o they_o who_o present_o be_v of_o the_o same_o society_n because_o corporation_n be_v immortal_a that_o king_n john_n resign_v his_o crown_n without_o a_o parliamentary_a consent_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v after_o this_o solemn_a determination_n the_o only_a question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o curia_n johannis_n or_o such_o a_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o his_o charter_n set_v forth_o the_o king_n have_v summon_v his_o military_a council_n to_o dover_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o his_o reign_n as_o in_o the_o three_o he_o have_v

off_o from_o the_o estate_n but_o be_v it_o be_v never_o use_v as_o a_o imposition_n with_o pretence_n of_o duty_n but_o upon_o his_o tenant_n and_o that_o which_o be_v raise_v upon_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n have_v its_o proper_a name_n therefore_o this_o have_v general_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o payment_n of_o socage_n tenant_n either_o as_o ordinary_a service_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o ordinary_a occasion_n wherein_o it_o be_v of_o course_n raise_v by_o the_o king_n or_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n and_o necessity_n which_o require_v advice_n yet_o as_o a_o exaction_n or_o unjust_a payment_n it_o have_v be_v take_v in_o the_o large_a sense_n to_o reach_v to_o all_o tenant_n and_o other_o as_o in_o william_n the_o first_o his_o emendation_n or_o charter_n of_o liberty_n 1_o the_o 1._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la 190._o ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o possessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_fw-la pace_fw-la liberas_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injustâ_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la eye_n &_o illis_fw-la à_fw-la nobis_fw-la concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la in_o a_o general_n council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o have_v be_v settle_v what_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v of_o his_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o tenure_n and_o what_o free_a service_n he_o shall_v have_v even_o of_o those_o freeman_n which_o be_v not_o his_o tenant_n thus_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n or_o allegiance_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o association_n 59_o or_o the_o revival_n of_o the_o frank_a pledge_n every_o freeman_n be_v tie_v to_o service_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n ib._n and_o by_o the_o association_n more_o particular_o to_o maintain_v right_o and_o justice_n for_o all_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v conjurati_fw-la fratres_fw-la swear_v brethren_n and_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v service_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o freeman_n to_o instance_n in_o treasure_n trove_v and_o royal_a mine_n 2358._o thesauri_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la regis_fw-la sunt_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o ecclesiâ_fw-la vel_fw-la coemeterio_fw-la inveniantur_fw-la 1._o aurum_fw-la regis_fw-la est_fw-la &_o medietas_fw-la argenti_fw-la &_o medietas_fw-la ubi_fw-la inventum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quodcumque_fw-la ipsa_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la fuerit_fw-la dive_v vel_fw-la pauper_fw-la and_o this_o be_v as_o proper_o a_o service_n as_o the_o roman_a servitus_fw-la praediorum_fw-la 215._o which_o consist_v in_o something_o to_o be_v suffer_v upon_o land_n or_o house_n but_o he_o will_v not_o exact_v or_o take_v from_o they_o by_o force_v any_o kind_n of_o tallage_n therefore_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o 1._o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1084._o de_fw-fr unaquaque_fw-la hidâ_fw-la per_fw-la angliam_fw-la vi_o solidos_fw-la accepit_fw-la he_o accept_v as_o a_o voluntary_a gift_n 6_o s._n of_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n if_o it_o be_v without_o consent_n it_o be_v against_o his_o own_o charter_n and_o so_o illegal_a but_o to_o proceed_v to_o show_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o auxilia_fw-la which_o come_v from_o tenant_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n either_o ordinary_a as_o common_a incident_n or_o extraordinary_a by_o the_o common_a law_n 232._o as_o the_o lord_n cook_n observe_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 1._o cap._n 36._o to_o every_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o socage_n there_o be_v three_o aid_n of_o money_n call_v in_o law_n auxilia_fw-la incident_a and_o imply_v without_o special_a reservation_n or_o mention_n that_o be_v to_o say_v relief_n when_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n aid_v pur_fw-mi fair_a fitx_n chevalier_n &_o aid_v pur_fw-mi file_n merry_a when_o the_o lord_n cook_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o service_n be_v incident_a to_o socage_n tenor_n as_o well_o as_o knight_n service_n it_o must_v be_v intend_v when_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o service_n of_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o king_n be_v ancient_a demeasn_a only_o for_o they_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a rent_n which_o be_v socage_n tenure_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o tallage_n except_o their_o land_n be_v of_o the_o ancient_a demeasn_a of_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o robert_n de_fw-fr vere_n earl_n of_o oxford_n who_o hold_v a_o manor_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o a_o certain_a rent_n which_o to_o be_v sure_o be_v not_o knight_n service_n scaccario_fw-la plead_v that_o he_o hold_v the_o manor_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n per_fw-la servitium_n decem_fw-la librarum_fw-la regi_fw-la ad_fw-la scaccarium_n annuatim_fw-la reddendum_fw-la pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la &_o regidedit_fw-la intelligi_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la manner_n non_fw-la antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la coronae_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la nec_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la in_o tallag_n 5._o per_fw-la progenitor_n regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la suis_fw-la assessis_fw-la consuevit_fw-la talliari_fw-la upon_o search_n make_v he_o and_o his_o tenant_n be_v free_v from_o tallage_n so_o the_o king_n declare_v that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v aid_n scaccario_n that_o be_v tallage_n for_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n of_o any_o clergyman_n that_o hold_v in_o frank-almaign_a or_o socage_n which_o must_v be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n with_o the_o former_a and_o before_o this_o walterus_n de_fw-fr esseleg_n hold_v a_o manor_n scaccario_fw-la ad_fw-la foedi_fw-la firmam_fw-la that_o be_v at_o a_o certain_a rent_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o hen._n 2._o and_o be_v never_o afterward_o talliate_v quum_fw-la praedecessores_fw-la nostris_fw-la reges_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o nos_fw-la talliari_fw-la fecimus_fw-la dominica_n nostra_fw-la it_o seem_v though_o the_o land_n have_v be_v of_o ancient_a demeasn_a yet_o it_o be_v sever_v by_o the_o purchase_n this_o tallage_n be_v call_v auxilium_fw-la in_o the_o record_n 19_o de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la provisum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la auxilium_fw-la efficax_n assideri_fw-la faciamus_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la burgis_fw-la &_o dominicis_fw-la nostris_fw-la yet_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o tallage_n the_o common_a council_n dispute_v whether_o it_o be_v tallagium_fw-la or_o auxilium_fw-la which_o be_v there_o mean_v of_o a_o voluntary_a aid_n scaccario_fw-la not_o due_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o of_o their_o house_n be_v of_o the_o king_n demean_n though_o indeed_o it_o be_v then_o show_v that_o they_o have_v several_a time_n before_o be_v talliate_v this_o explain_v that_o part_n of_o the_o charter_n simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la civitate_fw-la londinensi_fw-la that_o be_v as_o in_o all_o case_n beside_o those_o except_v escuage_z or_o tallage_n shall_v not_o be_v raise_v but_o by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v of_o all_o the_o person_n concern_v to_o pay_v so_o for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n unless_o the_o aid_n be_v order_v in_o a_o common_a council_n wherein_o they_o and_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o chief_a be_v assemble_v none_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o any_o citizen_n but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o own_o common_a council_n and_o if_o the_o ordinance_n be_v only_o in_o general_a term_n that_o all_o the_o king_n demeasn_n shall_v be_v talliate_v the_o proportion_n payable_a there_o shall_v be_v agree_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o city_n according_a to_o that_o record_n 11_o hen._n 3._o assedimus_fw-la auxilium_fw-la efficax_n in_fw-la civitati_fw-la nostra_fw-la london_n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la singulos_fw-la tam_fw-la majores_fw-la quam_fw-la minores_fw-la de_fw-la voluntate_fw-la omnium_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la civitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la talliavimus_fw-la nota._n et_fw-la ideo_fw-la providimus_fw-la simile_n auxilium_fw-la per_fw-la omnes_fw-la civitates_fw-la nostras_fw-la burgos_n &_o dominica_fw-la nostra_fw-la assidere_fw-la this_o per_fw-la se_fw-la talliavimus_fw-la be_v a_o talliate_a per_fw-la capita_n for_o when_o the_o common_a council_n refuse_v to_o give_v such_o a_o sum_n in_o gross_a as_o the_o king_n demand_v than_o the_o king_n be_v put_v to_o have_v it_o collect_v of_o every_o head_n regis_fw-la and_o be_v according_a to_o the_o faculty_n of_o every_o socage_n tenant_n of_o his_o demeasn_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o 39_o hen._n 3._o whereas_o by_o this_o charter_n the_o king_n may_v take_v escuage_z or_o tallage_n in_o three_o case_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o tenant_n but_o confine_v to_o reasonable_a that_o be_v secundum_fw-la facultates_fw-la or_o salvo_fw-la contenemento_fw-it and_o in_o those_o case_n wherein_o

their_o consent_n be_v require_v thing_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o majority_n of_o voice_n among_o they_o that_o be_v present_a upon_o his_o summons_n which_o sometime_o be_v very_o few_o as_o when_o he_o hold_v his_o court_n at_o westminster_n in_o the_o fifteen_o of_o his_o reign_n on_o christmas_n the_o chief_a time_n tig._n it_o be_v cum_fw-la pauco_fw-la admodum_fw-la militum_fw-la comitatu_fw-la there_o arise_v a_o very_a great_a inconvenience_n and_o a_o few_o tenant_n call_v together_o at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o rest_n can_v not_o attend_v as_o in_o harvest_n or_o the_o like_a may_v ruin_v the_o rest_n therefore_o this_o separate_a court_n of_o tenant_n be_v whole_o take_v away_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o he_o promise_n that_o no_o tallage_n or_o aid_n without_o any_o reservation_n shall_v be_v levy_v for_o the_o future_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o full_a settle_a parliament_n not_o that_o it_o be_v incumbent_a upon_o all_o that_o come_v to_o parliament_n to_o pay_v either_o tallage_n or_o escuage_z but_o as_o they_o be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o shall_v advise_v he_o when_o or_o in_o what_o proportion_n to_o talliate_v his_o demeasn_n or_o lay_v escuage_z upon_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o when_o the_o king_n tenant_n pay_v escuage_z by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n of_o inferior_a lord_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o their_o lord_n 532._o lit._n sect._n 100_o the_o statute_n be_v thus_o nullum_fw-la tallagium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la per_fw-la nos_fw-la vel_fw-la haeredes_fw-la nostros_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la ponatur_fw-la seu_fw-la levetur_fw-la sine_fw-la voluntate_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la archippus_n ep._n comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la burgensium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la liberoum_n hominum_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la pursuant_n to_o this_o the_o very_a same_o year_n be_v a_o record_n of_o a_o summons_n for_o a_o parliament_n to_o consider_v of_o a_o aid_n to_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n knight_n for_o which_o before_o he_o need_v not_o have_v consult_v his_o parliament_n nor_o the_o council_n of_o the_o tenant_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la in_o hujusmodi_fw-la casu_fw-la auxilium_fw-la fieri_fw-la nobis_fw-la debet_fw-la dorso_fw-la say_v the_o record_n and_o yet_o he_o have_v tie_v up_o his_o hand_n from_o raise_v it_o without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n however_o king_n john_n have_v in_o some_o measure_n redress_v their_o grievance_n give_v they_o assurance_n that_o there_o shall_v always_o be_v the_o general_a consent_n of_o tenant_n for_o what_o be_v not_o payable_a of_o right_n and_o custom_n without_o any_o consent_n of_o they_o charter_n and_o for_o the_o assess_v those_o sum_n to_o which_o consent_n be_v make_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o convenient_a notice_n that_o none_o may_v complain_v of_o the_o injustice_n of_o the_o charge_n but_o all_o these_o thing_n so_o manifest_o relate_v to_o tenure_n both_o the_o case_n except_v and_o the_o case_n provide_v for_o that_o no_o other_o sense_n can_v be_v tolerable_a for_o where_o the_o king_n reserve_v three_o incident_n to_o tenure_n and_o the_o particular_n within_o the_o provision_n be_v appendant_a to_o tenure_n and_o none_o but_o tenant_n be_v mention_v shall_v we_o believe_v that_o something_o foreign_a be_v intend_v by_o the_o very_a same_o word_n though_o we_o may_v well_o believe_v that_o all_o aid_n whatever_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o edw._n 1._o because_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o people_n tenant_n and_o other_o be_v require_v thus_o far_o i_o think_v i_o be_o warrant_v by_o very_o good_a authority_n i_o take_v leave_n to_o observe_v far_o that_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o before_o this_o charter_n the_o king_n may_v have_v charge_v his_o geldable_a or_o talliable_a land_n that_o be_v those_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o demeasn_a in_o socage_n at_o his_o own_o discretion_n but_o can_v not_o charge_v they_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o so_o this_o part_n take_v it_o bare_o to_o the_o consent_n be_v for_o the_o advantage_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o socage_n tenant_n only_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o which_o exempt_v the_o king_n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la geldis_fw-la that_o be_v tribute_n or_o force_a payment_n beyond_o ordinary_a service_n leave_v the_o king_n a_o power_n of_o charge_v his_o other_o tenant_n by_o mean_a service_n though_o not_o those_o which_o hold_v by_o serjeanty_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la per_fw-la loricas_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la deserviunt_fw-la terras_fw-la dominicarum_fw-la carucarum_fw-la suarum_fw-la quietas_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la geldis_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la opere_fw-la proprio_fw-la dono_fw-la meo_fw-la concedo_fw-la 1._o ut_fw-la sicut_fw-la tam_fw-la magno_fw-la gravamine_fw-la alleviati_fw-la sunt_fw-la ita_fw-la equis_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la se_fw-la bene_fw-la instruant_fw-la ut_fw-la apti_fw-la sint_fw-la &_o parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o then_o as_o the_o consent_n be_v qualify_v upon_o such_o notice_n and_o summons_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n herein_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v ease_v in_o relation_n to_o part_v of_o their_o service_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o attend_v the_o king_n court_n either_o in_o his_o war_n his_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z upon_o those_o that_o make_v default_n in_o their_o personal_a service_n for_o the_o first_o there_o can_v not_o be_v any_o time_n of_o summons_n or_o place_n of_o attendance_n ascertain_v because_o occasion_n and_o necessity_n be_v to_o determine_v that_o for_o the_o second_o they_o can_v not_o claim_v it_o as_o a_o privilege_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n be_v within_o the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a power_n and_o his_o minister_n and_o justice_n be_v sufficient_a assistant_n but_o in_o the_o last_o there_o be_v a_o grievance_n in_o which_o it_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o king_n be_v extraordinary_a justice_n to_o relieve_v they_o et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o work_n of_o the_o curia_n they_o shall_v be_v summon_v as_o be_v thereby_o provide_v even_o before_o the_o norman_n come_v the_o king_n use_v to_o celebrate_v feast-day_n with_o great_a solemnity_n and_o at_o those_o day_n they_o choose_v habere_fw-la colloquium_fw-la 124._o to_o consult_v with_o their_o people_n so_o king_n eldred_n summon_v all_o the_o magnate_v of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o meet_v he_o at_o london_n on_o our_o lady-day_n 336._o in_o festo_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la b._n mariae_fw-la universi_fw-la magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la per_fw-la regium_fw-la edictum_fw-la summoniti_fw-la etc._n etc._n londoniis_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la publicis_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o king_n edgar_n have_v a_o great_a assembly_n and_o call_v it_o curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la at_o christmas_n cum_fw-la in_o natali_fw-la dominico_n omnes_fw-la majores_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesiasticae_fw-la personae_fw-la quam_fw-la seculares_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la meam_fw-la celebrandae_fw-la mecum_fw-la festivitatis_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la convenissent_fw-la coram_fw-la totâ_fw-la curiâ_fw-la meâ_fw-la corroboravi_fw-la that_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la than_o consist_v not_o of_o the_o king_n tenant_n only_o i_o can_v show_v more_o particular_o by_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o of_o what_o prevalence_n it_o be_v here_o before_o the_o norman_n time_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v enough_o to_o this_o purpose_n here_o from_o one_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n which_o show_v what_o in_o ancient_a time_n make_v a_o churl_n or_o peasant_n become_v a_o theyn_z or_o noble_a and_o that_o so_o ancient_o that_o in_o a_o saxon_a ms._n suppose_a to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n it_o be_v speak_v of_o as_o antiquate_v that_o be_v five_o hide_n of_o his_o own_o land_n a_o church_n and_o a_o kitchen_n a_o bellhouse_n and_o a_o burrough-gate_n with_o a_o seat_n and_o any_o distinct_a office_n in_o the_o king_n court_n this_o churl_n be_v in_o a_o ancient_a ms._n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n call_v villanus_fw-la so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v not_o freeborn_a if_o he_o can_v make_v such_o a_o acquisition_n he_o become_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la a_o thane_n a_o freeman_n archaionomia_fw-la as_o they_o be_v often_o use_v the_o one_o for_o the_o other_o which_o i_o think_v be_v easy_o to_o be_v collect_v from_o several_a place_n in_o doomsday_n book_n and_o as_o at_o that_o time_n such_o circumstance_n with_o a_o place_n in_o the_o king_n court_n make_v a_o thane_n or_o freeman_n so_o a_o thane_n or_o freeman_n have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a court_n as_o we_o see_v edgar_n curia_fw-la have_v all_o the_o majores_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la without_o any_o qualification_n

from_o tenure_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o be_v speak_v of_o as_o antiquate_a and_o that_o the_o people_n and_o law_n be_v in_o reputation_n when_o this_o be_v the_o usage_n there_o be_v a_o strong_a presumption_n from_o hence_o that_o since_o that_o time_n a_o less_o matter_n than_o five_o hide_n of_o land_n 97_o a_o church_n etc._n etc._n give_v a_o place_n in_o the_o king_n court_n when_o nobilty_a be_v cheap_a and_o so_o the_o people_n the_o noble_n of_o less_o reputation_n the_o norman_n follow_v not_o only_o the_o lane_n but_o the_o decent_a custom_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o former_a government_n though_o not_o direct_o yet_o by_o way_n of_o resemblance_n and_o whereas_o the_o saxon_a king_n celebrate_v their_o court_n often_o on_o great_a feast_n day_n before_o all_o their_o people_n upon_o public_a notice_n king_n william_n erect_v tenor_n whereby_o all_o that_o he_o have_v oblige_v by_o his_o gift_n except_o such_o as_o out_o of_o special_a favour_n be_v to_o do_v some_o small_a thing_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la shall_v make_v a_o little_a court_n or_o council_n by_o themselves_o either_o military_a if_o occasion_n be_v or_o judicial_a in_o matter_n belong_v to_o their_o feud_n and_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n if_o not_o henry_n the_o second_v it_o take_v in_o all_o or_o most_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a justice_n whereas_o before_o its_o business_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o controversy_n arise_v between_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n other_o suit_n especial_o about_o land_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o or_o in_o particular_a lord_n court_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o de_fw-fr comitatu_fw-la &_o hundredis_fw-la tenendis_fw-la henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la sampsoni_fw-la episcopo_fw-la &_o ursoni_fw-la de_fw-la abecot_n &_o omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la francis_n &_o anglicis_fw-la de_fw-la wircestrescirâ_fw-la hundred●_n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la concedo_fw-la &_o praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la à_fw-la modo_fw-la comitatus_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o hundreda_n in_o illis_fw-la locis_fw-la &_o eisdem_fw-la terminis_fw-la sedeant_fw-la sicut_fw-la sederunt_fw-la in_o tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edw._n &_o non_fw-la aliter_fw-la 〈◊〉_d enim_fw-la quando_fw-la voluero_fw-la faciam_fw-la ea_fw-la satis_fw-la summoneri_fw-la propter_fw-la mea_fw-la dominica_fw-la necessaria_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la meam_fw-la i_o can_v here_o omit_v the_o plain_a observation_n that_o dominica_fw-la necessaria_fw-la can_v be_v mean_v otherwise_o than_o of_o the_o king_n be_v own_o business_n for_o his_o necessary_a demeasn_n be_v nonsense_n therefore_o the_o sense_n be_v that_o as_o often_o as_o he_o have_v occasion_n he_o will_v give_v they_o that_o be_v all_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o sufficient_a notice_n for_o attend_v he_o so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o clear_a description_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o great_a council_n nay_o and_o of_o st._n edward_n too_o in_o that_o when_o he_o say_v they_o shall_v sit_v no_o otherwise_o than_o they_o have_v do_v in_o st._n edward_n time_n he_o add_v for_o when_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o i_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v sufficient_o summon_v to_o meet_v upon_o my_o necessary_a occasion_n of_o which_o i_o will_v be_v judge_n that_o be_v so_o it_o be_v in_o king_n edward_n time_n and_o indeed_o so_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o body_n of_o his_o law_n recite_v in_o the_o four_o of_o william_n the_o first_o legibus_fw-la where_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o tithe_n shall_v be_v pay_v of_o bee_n we_o be_v there_o tell_v with_o what_o solemnity_n the_o law_n pass_v concessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la à_fw-la rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la so_o whereas_o king_n ethelwolf_n father_n to_o the_o illustrious_a king_n alfred_n have_v in_o the_o year_n 855_o or_o 854_o grant_v to_o the_o church_n the_o tithe_n of_o his_o own_o demeasn_n fol._n rex_fw-la decimas_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la concessit_fw-la ex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la suis_fw-la terris_fw-la sive_fw-la villis_fw-la regiis_fw-la about_o ten_o year_n afterward_o the_o tithe_n be_v settle_v all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n totâ_fw-la region_fw-la cum_fw-la consensu_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o totias_fw-la populi_fw-la by_o the_o populus_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v intend_v all_o people_n whatsoever_o for_o they_o who_o be_v not_o freeholder_n be_v not_o people_n of_o the_o land_n be_v no_o cives_fw-la and_o be_v not_o proper_o a_o part_n of_o any_o hundred_o or_o country_n for_o they_o be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o free_a pledge_n the_o freeholder_n master_n of_o the_o several_a family_n answer_v for_o one_o another_o by_o ten_o ten_o ten_o or_o tything_n at_o first_o make_v a_o hundred_o court_n and_o more_o or_o few_o hundred_o according_a to_o the_o first_o division_n or_o increase_n a_o country_n and_o for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n the_o general_a word_n as_o principes_fw-la thaini_fw-la barones_n proceres_fw-la baronagium_fw-la barnagium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o the_o like_a relate_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n before_o and_o since_o the_o norman_a acquisition_n we_o find_v by_o this_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o that_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o that_o be_v the_o man_n which_o compose_v those_o court_n be_v upon_o sufficient_a notice_n to_o attend_v upon_o the_o king_n business_n 1121._o that_o be_v constitute_v the_o council_n and_o therefore_o simeon_n of_o durham_n very_o proper_o say_v of_o the_o great_a council_n 3._o concilio_n totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la adunato_fw-la the_o same_o with_o what_o eadmerus_n say_v of_o the_o council_n of_o pinnedene_n in_o the_o first_o william_n time_n regio_fw-la adunatis_fw-la primoribus_fw-la &_o probis_fw-la viris_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la de_fw-fr comitatu_fw-la cantiae_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o de_fw-la aliis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la 9_o here_o be_v the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o county_n they_o that_o make_v the_o county_n court_n or_o turn_v either_o of_o which_o in_o st._n edward_n law_n be_v call_v the_o folkmote_a and_o be_v there_o describe_v vocatio_fw-la &_o congregatio_fw-la populorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la and_o we_o find_v by_o statute_n make_v before_o this_o time_n that_o the_o populus_fw-la omnis_fw-la or_o the_o primores_fw-la &_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la according_a to_o eadmerus_n be_v call_v peer_n or_o noble_n 123._o for_o that_o the_o country-court_n or_o turn_v at_o least_o be_v celeberrimus_fw-la ex_fw-la omni_fw-la satrapiâ_fw-la conventus_fw-la thus_o in_o king_n edgar_n law_n centuriae_fw-la comitiis_fw-la cuique_fw-la ut_fw-la antea_fw-la praescribitur_fw-la interesto_fw-la oppidana_fw-la ter_z quotannis_fw-la habentur_fw-la comitia_fw-la celeberrimus_fw-la autem_fw-la ex_fw-la omni_fw-la satrapiâ_fw-la bis_fw-la quotannis_fw-la conventus_fw-la agitor_fw-la cui_fw-la quidem_fw-la illius_fw-la diocesis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o senator_n intersunto_fw-la etc._n etc._n legibus_fw-la this_o some_o great_a man_n have_v take_v for_o a_o general_n council_n or_o parliament_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v manifest_a in_o that_o only_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n 872._o and_o one_o senator_n either_o the_o count_n or_o the_o sheriff_n be_v to_o sit_v there_o in_o chief_a and_o this_o very_a law_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o bromton_n it_o be_v there_o call_v scyremotus_fw-la so_o in_o canutus_n his_o law_n where_o this_o be_v repeat_v leges_fw-la and_o where_o canutus_n his_o law_n give_v a_o appeal_n from_o the_o hundred_o to_o the_o county-court_n or_o turn_v this_o of_o the_o county_n be_v call_v conventus_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la anglicè_fw-la dicitur_fw-la scyremote_a but_o to_o proceed_v with_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n et_fw-la si_fw-la amodo_fw-la exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la divisione_n terrarum_fw-la si_fw-la interest_n barones_n meos_fw-la dominicos_fw-la tractetur_fw-la placitum_fw-la in_o curiâ_fw-la meâ_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la inter_fw-la vavasores_fw-la duorum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la tractetur_fw-la in_o com._n etc._n etc._n though_o according_a to_o this_o the_o title_n to_o land_n between_o all_o but_o immediate_a tenant_n or_o such_o lord_n as_o have_v none_o over_o they_o but_o the_o king_n be_v determinable_a in_o the_o county_n yet_o sometime_o before_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o common_a plea_n in_o general_n which_o take_v in_o the_o title_n of_o land_n follow_v the_o king_n court_n where_o ever_o he_o hold_v it_o and_o by_o that_o charter_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n communia_fw-la placita_fw-la non_fw-la sequantur_fw-la curiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la sed_fw-la teneantur_fw-la aliquo_fw-la loco_fw-la certo_fw-la the_o king_n bench_n be_v coram_fw-la rege_fw-la and_o use_v to_o follow_v the_o king_n court_n and_o be_v removable_a at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n here_o common_a plea_n as_o well_o as_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v hear_v and_o at_o this_o doubtless_o all_o the_o king_n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n use_v to_o be_v present_a 105_o of_o this_o bracton_n say_v illarum_fw-la curiarum_fw-la habet_fw-la unam_fw-la propriam_fw-la sicut_fw-la aulam_fw-la regiam_fw-la

&_o justiciarios_fw-la capitales_fw-la qui_fw-la proprias_fw-la causas_fw-la regis_fw-la terminant_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la per_fw-la querelam_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la privileginm_fw-la sive_fw-la libertatem_fw-la but_o as_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la be_v hold_v sometime_o of_o the_o tenant_n and_o officer_n only_o sometime_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o matter_n have_v no_o relation_n to_o tenure_n or_o ordinary_a judicature_n be_v in_o question_n hence_o have_v arise_v the_o mistake_n of_o some_o learned_a author_n in_o take_v the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n of_o other_o that_o it_o be_v mean_v only_o of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n whereas_o we_o may_v trace_v their_o frequent_a distinction_n from_o the_o conquest_n downward_o very_o apparent_o and_o very_o often_o their_o union_n it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n be_v hold_v thrice_o a_o year_n westm_n at_o christmas_n easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o the_o place_n be_v as_o certain_a on_o christmas_n at_o gloucester_n on_o easter_n at_o winchester_n on_o whitsuntide_n at_o westminster_n while_o they_o be_v hold_v at_o the_o accustom_a place_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o summons_n they_o that_o be_v to_o come_v ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la may_v well_o come_v the_o more_o 2354._o afterward_o they_o remove_v from_o place_n to_o place_n the_o king_n make_v the_o court_n where_o ever_o he_o be_v please_v to_o hold_v it_o and_o indeed_o when_o ever_o but_o than_o it_o can_v not_o be_v the_o curia_n de_fw-fr more_fw-it if_o it_o be_v at_o a_o different_a time_n or_o place_n than_o there_o be_v need_n of_o summons_n if_o there_o be_v summon_v at_o any_o time_n more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a member_n of_o the_o curia_n if_o this_o be_v on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o curia_n there_o be_v a_o union_n of_o the_o great_a council_n and_o the_o curia_n if_o on_o a_o different_a day_n there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n by_o its_o self_n yet_o the_o member_n of_o the_o curia_n be_v a_o part_n thereof_o not_o to_o anticipate_v what_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o precedent_n which_o i_o shall_v produce_v to_o make_v good_a this_o my_o assertion_n i_o shall_v make_v my_o observation_n upon_o they_o in_o order_n about_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o first_o 1067._o as_o mr._n selden_n suppose_v 581._o be_v hold_v the_o council_n at_o pinnedene_n to_o determine_v the_o difference_n between_o odo_n bishop_n of_o baieux_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n if_o this_o be_v a_o curia_n de_fw-fr more_n then_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a nay_o all_o proprietor_n of_o land_n assemble_v then_o of_o course_n even_o at_o the_o curia_n for_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la of_o several_a county_n be_v there_o but_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o king_n summons_n to_o all_o the_o freeholder_n of_o kent_n and_o of_o some_o adjacent_a county_n praecepit_fw-la rex_fw-la quatenus_fw-la adunatis_fw-la primoribus_fw-la &_o probis_fw-la viris_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la de_fw-fr comitatu_fw-la cantiae_fw-la 9_o sed_fw-la &_o de_fw-la aliis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la querelae_fw-la lanfranci_n in_o medium_n ducerentur_fw-la examinarentur_fw-la determinarentur_fw-la disposito_fw-la itaque_fw-la apud_fw-la pinnedene_n principum_fw-la conventu_fw-la godfridus_n episcopus_fw-la constantiensis_n vir_fw-la eâ_fw-la tempestate_fw-la praedives_fw-la in_o angliâ_fw-la vice_fw-la regis_fw-la lanfranco_n justitiam_fw-la de_fw-la suis_fw-la querelis_fw-la strenuissime_fw-la facere_fw-la jussus_fw-la fecit_fw-la here_o all_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v by_o variation_n of_o the_o phrase_n conventus_fw-la principum_fw-la a_o bishop_n be_v precedent_n and_o pronounce_v the_o judgement_n but_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v say_v afterward_o exit_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la astipulatione_fw-la &_o judicio_fw-la this_o judgement_n be_v afterward_o revoke_v in_o another_o council_n which_o to_o be_v sure_o must_v have_v be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o other_o else_o the_o lawyer_n who_o be_v there_o can_v never_o have_v make_v any_o colour_n of_o a_o argument_n for_o the_o revocation_n item_n alio_fw-la tempore_fw-la idem_fw-la odo_n permittente_fw-la rege_fw-la placitum_fw-la instituit_fw-la contra_fw-la saepe_fw-la fatam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la &_o tutorem_fw-la ejus_fw-la patrem_fw-la lanfranc_n &_o illius_fw-la omnes_fw-la quos_fw-la peritiores_fw-la legum_fw-la &_o usuum_fw-la anglici_fw-la regni_fw-la noverat_fw-la gnarus_fw-la adduxit_fw-la cum_fw-la igitur_fw-la ad_fw-la ventilationem_fw-la causarum_fw-la ventum_fw-la esset_fw-la omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la tuendis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la causis_fw-la quâque_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la in_o primo_fw-la congressu_fw-la ita_fw-la convicti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la eas_fw-la tuerentur_fw-la simul_fw-la amitterent_fw-la it_o be_v observable_a that_o there_o be_v a_o legal_a trial_n and_o the_o cause_n go_v on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o indeed_o afterward_o lanfranc_n come_v possible_o upon_o produce_v some_o evidence_n not_o appear_v before_o the_o first_o judgement_n be_v affirm_v here_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a justice_n be_v determine_v before_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n this_o look_v very_a like_o a_o general_n council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n to_o be_v sure_a it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o curia_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n and_o officer_n and_o be_v more_o than_o a_o county_n court_n yet_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o county_n court_n it_o be_v several_a county_n unite_v and_o so_o be_v adunatio_fw-la conciliorum_fw-la though_o not_o of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n a_o ancient_n ms._n 197._o make_v this_o chief_o a_o court_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n praecepit_fw-la rex_fw-la comitatum_fw-la totum_fw-la absque_fw-la mora_fw-la considere_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la francigenas_fw-la &_o praecipuè_fw-la angl._n in_fw-la antiquis_fw-la legibus_fw-la &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la peritos_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la convenire_fw-la but_o than_o it_o add_v &_o alii_fw-la aliorum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o so_o confirm_v what_o eadmerus_n say_v the_o nature_n of_o these_o court_n be_v easy_o to_o be_v explain_v by_o writ_n which_o we_o find_v from_o william_n the_o first_o for_o such_o trial_n as_o this_o at_o pinnedene_n primi_fw-la willelmus_fw-la anglorum_fw-la rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o vicecomitibus_fw-la in_o quorum_fw-la vicecomitatibus_fw-la abbatia_fw-la de_fw-la heli_n terras_fw-la habet_fw-la salutem_fw-la praecipio_fw-la abbatia_n de_fw-fr heli_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v inquam_fw-la habeat_fw-la sicut_fw-la habuit_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la fuit_fw-la vivus_fw-la &_o mortuus_fw-la record_n &_o sicut_fw-la meâ_fw-la jussione_n dirationatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la apud_fw-la keneteford_n per_fw-la plures_fw-la scyras_fw-la ante_fw-la meos_fw-la barones_n e._n viz._n gaulfridum_n constansiensem_fw-la episcopum_fw-la &_o balwinum_fw-la abbatem_fw-la &_o petrum_fw-la de_fw-la valonnus_n &_o picotum_n vicecomitem_fw-la &_o tehehen_fw-ge de_fw-mi heliom_n &_o hugonem_fw-la de_fw-la hosden_n &_o gocelinum_n de_fw-fr norwicum_n &_o plures_fw-la alios_fw-la testae_fw-la rogero_n bigot_n willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la lanfranco_n archiep._n a._n &_o rogero_n comiti_fw-la moritonio_n &_o gauffrido_n constantiensi_fw-la episcopo_fw-la salutem_fw-la mando_n vobis_fw-la &_o praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la iterum_fw-la faciatis_fw-la congregari_fw-la omnes_fw-la scyras_fw-la quae_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la placito_fw-la habito_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-la hely_n antequam_fw-la mea_fw-la conjux_fw-la in_o normaniam_fw-la novissimè_fw-la veniret_fw-la cum_fw-la quibus_fw-la etiam_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la baronibus_fw-la meis_fw-la qui_fw-la competenter_fw-la adesse_fw-la poterunt_fw-la &_o praedicto_fw-la placito_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la tenent_fw-la jury_n quibus_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la congregatis_fw-la eligantur_fw-la plures_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la anglis_fw-la qui_fw-la sciunt_fw-la quomodo_fw-la terrae_fw-la jacebant_fw-la praefatae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la obiit_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la inde_fw-la dixerint_fw-la ibidem_fw-la jurando_fw-la testentur_fw-la quo_fw-la facto_fw-la restituantur_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la terrae_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la svo_fw-la erant_fw-la die_fw-la obitûs_fw-la edwardi_fw-la exceptis_fw-la his_fw-la quas_fw-la homines_fw-la clamabunt_fw-la i_o sibi_fw-la dedisse_fw-la illas_fw-la vero_fw-la literis_fw-la signate_n quae_fw-la sint_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la eas_fw-la tenent_fw-la tenant_n qui_fw-la autem_fw-la tenent_fw-la theinlande_n quae_fw-la proculdubio_fw-la debent_fw-la teneri_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesiâ_fw-la faciant_fw-la concordiam_fw-la cum_fw-la abb._n quam_fw-la meliorem_fw-la poterint_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la noluerint_fw-la terrae_fw-la remaneant_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la manor_n hoc_fw-la quoque_fw-la de_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la socam_fw-la et_fw-la sacam_fw-la fiat_fw-la denique_fw-la praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la illi_fw-la homines_fw-la faciant_fw-la pontem_fw-la de_fw-la heli_n qui_fw-la meo_fw-la praecepto_fw-la et_fw-la dispositione_n hucusque_fw-la illum_fw-la soliti_fw-la sunt_fw-la facere_fw-la willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la goffrido_n episcopo_fw-la et_fw-fr rodberto_n et_fw-la comiti_fw-la moritonio_n aliud_fw-la salutem_fw-la facite_fw-la simul_fw-la

for_o he_o though_o the_o prince_n the_o head_n of_o the_o assembly_n be_v against_o he_o this_o controversy_n be_v adjourn_v to_o the_o curia_n 31._o on_o whitsuntide_n which_o still_o be_v no_o ordinary_a one_o anselm_n be_v celebrate_v a_o curia_n by_o himself_o when_o he_o shall_v have_v attend_v at_o the_o king_n be_v according_a to_o the_o adjournment_n but_o it_o seem_v he_o expect_v special_a summons_n which_o he_o have_v according_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n no_o formal_a writ_n but_o messenger_n the_o king_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o ipsâ_fw-la festivitate_fw-la apud_fw-la windlesoram_fw-la and_o there_o be_v proceres_fw-la 34._o et_fw-la coadunata_fw-la multitudo_fw-la a_o very_a solemn_a convention_n the_o authority_n cite_v by_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n say_v that_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o at_o the_o council_n at_o roch._n 16._o in_o quo_fw-la fermè_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la praeter_fw-la episcopos_fw-la &_o clerum_fw-la convenitur_fw-la 455._o so_o that_o it_o will_v seem_v a_o precedent_n for_o that_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o bishop_n jewel_n of_o which_o he_o say_v our_o public_a monument_n that_o be_v record_n have_v it_o ha●ito_fw-la rex_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la baronibus_fw-la parliamento_fw-la et_fw-la clero_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la arch._n et_fw-la ep._n excluso_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la there_o it_o seem_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o undoubted_o come_v at_o that_o time_n without_o relation_n to_o tenure_n be_v barones_n svi_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o council_n at_o roch._n have_v the_o clergy_n present_a or_o no_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n tell_v anselm_n at_o another_o great_a council_n how_o much_o soever_o he_o think_v the_o assembly_n on_o his_o side_n 39_o that_o placitum_fw-la habitum_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la se_fw-la his_o pretence_n be_v over_o rule_v totius_fw-la regni_fw-la adunatione_fw-la yet_o notwithstanding_o their_o sense_n then_o deliver_v they_o give_v a_o far_a day_n till_o whitsuntide_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v judgement_n nisi_fw-la then_o indeed_o anselm_n with_o a_o side_n wind_v get_v a_o advantage_n of_o the_o king_n he_o cunning_o wave_v the_o question_n whether_o he_o may_v swear_v obedience_n to_o the_o king_n and_o put_v it_o only_o whether_o the_o pall_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v from_o the_o pope_n or_o the_o king_n and_o carry_v that_o point_n that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o singular_a authority_n of_o saint_n peter_n 34._o this_o be_v a_o general_n council_n on_o the_o feast_n day_n adquievit_fw-la multitudo_fw-la omnis_fw-la unde_fw-la cum_fw-la omnes_fw-la silentio_fw-la pressi_fw-la conticuissent_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la it_o seem_v till_o the_o multitude_n rest_v satisfy_v the_o law_n can_v not_o pass_v but_o two_o year_n after_o on_o whitsuntide_n be_v hold_v no_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n 2._o cum_fw-la igitur_fw-la in_o pentecoste_n festivitatis_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la regiae_n curiae_fw-la se_fw-la presentasset_fw-la peractis_fw-la igitur_fw-la festivioribus_fw-la diebus_fw-la diversorum_fw-la negotiorum_fw-la causae_fw-la in_o medium_n duci_fw-la ex_fw-la more_fw-it coeperunt_fw-la that_o it_o be_v usual_a when_o the_o height_n of_o the_o feast_n be_v over_o to_o go_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o cause_n or_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a judicature_n in_o august_n follow_v be_v hold_v a_o great_a council_n the_o king_n be_v de_fw-fr statu_fw-la regni_fw-la acturus_fw-la then_o he_o send_v out_o a_o general_n summons_n in_o sequenti_fw-la autem_fw-la mense_fw-la augusto_fw-la cum_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la regni_fw-la acturus_fw-la rex_fw-la 38._o episcopos_fw-la abbates_n &_o quosque_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la praecepti_fw-la svi_fw-la sanctione_n egisset_fw-la &_o dispositis_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la adunationis_fw-la illius_fw-la causae_fw-la fuerant_fw-la etc._n etc._n anselm_n ask_v leave_v to_o go_v to_o rome_n but_o be_v deny_v it_o in_o october_n follow_v there_o be_v a_o general_a council_n at_o winchester_n wintoniae_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la ex_fw-la condicto_fw-la venimus_fw-la eadmerus_fw-la be_v there_o himself_o the_o first_o day_n the_o tumult_n from_o the_o vast_a multitude_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v do_v nothing_o and_o therefore_o break_v up_o the_o court_n and_o adjourn_v to_o the_o next_o day_n orta_fw-la est_fw-la igitur_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la quaedam_fw-la magna_fw-la tempestas_fw-la diversis_fw-la diversae_fw-la parti_fw-la acclamantibus_fw-la 38._o the_o sense_n of_o the_o assembly_n be_v that_o anselm_n shall_v observe_v the_o king_n law_n upon_o which_o he_o depart_v the_o realm_n in_o a_o pet_n it_o be_v pity_n eadmerus_n go_v with_o he_o so_o that_o we_o lose_v the_o account_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o his_o absence_n i_o think_v however_o we_o have_v enough_o to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o less_o nay_o great_a assembly_n than_o what_o now_o compose_v our_o parliament_n nay_o the_o very_a word_n parliament_n be_v not_o unknown_a in_o that_o time_n parliamentum_fw-la dixêre_fw-la croylandenses_n caenobitae_n sub_fw-la tempore_fw-la willielmi_n secundi_fw-la par._n for_o far_a proof_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o this_o king_n stand_v upon_o it_o that_o malcolm_n king_n of_o scot_n 218._o secundum_fw-la judicium_fw-la tantum_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la in_o curiâ_fw-la suâ_fw-la rectitudinem_fw-la ei_fw-la faceret_fw-la 1093._o that_o be_v be_v to_o do_v he_o right_o or_o answer_v his_o demand_n according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o curia_n or_o ordinary_a court_n of_o justice_n malcolm_n plead_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o kingdom_n secundum_fw-la judicium_fw-la primorum_fw-la utriusque_fw-la regni_fw-la that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o great_a or_o general_a council_n of_o both_o kingdom_n unite_v and_o who_o be_v the_o primores_fw-la that_fw-mi constitute_v the_o great_a council_n of_o scotland_n even_o till_o the_o 23._o of_o james_n the_o first_o be_v evident_a by_o his_o act_n of_o alteration_n or_o recommendation_n of_o a_o change_n honour_n which_o have_v it_o that_o the_o small_a baron_n and_o fee-tenant_n or_o freeholder_n need_v not_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n 287._o nor_o general_n council_n without_o election_n which_o show_v that_o till_o than_o they_o do_v and_o how_o they_o come_v here_o in_o this_o king_n time_n i_o leave_v any_o body_n to_o think_v as_o they_o please_v sure_o i_o be_o here_o be_v more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a there_o be_v one_o council_n in_o his_o reign_n which_o have_v no_o addition_n to_o it_o 492._o the_o author_n say_v only_o celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la and_o this_o i_o take_v it_o court_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o ordinary_a curia_n especial_o it_o be_v octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la and_o there_o be_v a_o legal_a trial_n by_o duel_n and_o by_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n the_o party_n conquer_v have_v his_o eye_n pull_v out_o and_o his_o stone_n cut_v off_o that_o beside_o the_o great_a council_n this_o king_n above_o mention_v hold_v the_o ordinary_a curia_n sive_fw-la de_fw-la more_o we_o have_v clear_a authority_n 578._o cum_fw-la gloriosè_fw-la &_o patrio_fw-la honore_fw-la curiam_fw-la tenuisset_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n apud_fw-la gloucester_n ad_fw-la pascha_fw-la apud_fw-la winchester_n ad_fw-la pentecosten_n apud_fw-la londoniam_fw-la by_o the_o forego_n instance_n we_o may_v see_v notwithstanding_o virgil_n suppress_n eight_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v the_o mss._n which_o may_v take_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o history_n how_o many_o rise_v up_o in_o judgement_n against_o his_o assertion_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n h._n 1._o illud_fw-la oppositè_fw-fr habeo_fw-la dicere_fw-la reges_fw-la ante_fw-la haec_fw-la tempora_fw-la non_fw-la consuevisse_fw-la populi_fw-la conventum_fw-la consultandi_fw-la causâ_fw-la nisi_fw-la perrarò_fw-la facere_fw-la adeò_fw-la ut_fw-la ab_fw-la henrico_n id_fw-la institutum_fw-la jure_fw-la manâsse_fw-la dici_fw-la possit_fw-la and_o it_o seem_v the_o great_a mr._n lambert_n who_o possible_o be_v the_o first_o that_o after_o the_o age_n in_o which_o the_o word_n baronagium_n be_v use_v and_o know_v to_o express_v the_o full_a great_a council_n or_o parliament_n receive_v its_o true_a notion_n 263._o viz._n that_o both_o the_o nobility_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v mean_v under_o these_o word_n the_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n this_o great_a man_n it_o seem_v have_v not_o meet_v with_o those_o mss._n which_o since_o have_v offer_v their_o light_n to_o the_o world_n otherwise_o he_o will_v not_o have_v subscribe_v to_o the_o forego_n opinion_n of_o polydore_n virgil_n 237._o however_o polydore_v himself_o as_o far_o as_o his_o authority_n go_v give_v we_o to_o believe_v the_o frequency_n of_o such_o solemn_a council_n from_o this_o king_n time_n downward_o this_o prince_n be_v so_o please_v with_o his_o people_n and_o they_o so_o much_o at_o ease_n under_o his_o gentle_a reign_n there_o be_v that_o mutual_a confidence_n in_o each_o other_o that_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o he_o ever_o hold_v a_o solitary_a curia_fw-la of_o tenant_n and_o officer_n only_o we_o find_v 49._o tota_n nobilitas_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_fw-la

numerositate_fw-la cuncti_fw-la majores_fw-la adunati_fw-la 105._o and_o regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la all_o at_o several_a time_n at_o the_o curia_fw-la de_fw-fr more_n at_o other_o time_n we_o have_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la 54._o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la congregatus_fw-la the_o same_o call_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la 53._o regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la sua_fw-la sanctione_n adunatâ_fw-la 1129._o concilium_fw-la magnum_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la northamtune_n congregatis_fw-la 1131._o omnibus_fw-la principibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la 1._o that_o be_v 384._o baronibus_fw-la that_o be_v clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la though_o it_o be_v a_o pleasure_n to_o dwell_v upon_o this_o king_n reign_n yet_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o insist_v upon_o further_a proof_n that_o his_o council_n consist_v of_o more_o than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o great_a officer_n 1135._o king_n stephen_n be_v elect_v king_n 312._o a_o primoribus_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la favore_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n 258._o clericorum_fw-la &_o laicorum_fw-la universitate_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la viz._n tam_fw-la presul_n quam_fw-la com._n &_o baron_n 71._o stephanus_n his_o et_fw-la aliis_fw-la modis_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la confirmatus_fw-la 314._o episcopos_fw-la et_fw-la proceres_fw-la svi_fw-la regni_fw-la regali_fw-la edicto_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la convenire_fw-la praecipit_fw-la cum_fw-la quibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la generale_fw-mi conciliam_fw-la celebravit_fw-la this_o to_o be_v sure_o be_v more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n the_o eight_o of_o july_n two_o year_n after_o a_o council_n be_v hold_v at_o oxford_n step._n which_o break_v not_o up_o till_o september_n follow_v this_o be_v conventus_fw-la magnatum_fw-la be_v not_o on_o the_o ordinary_a court_n day_n 183._o yet_o perhaps_o be_v not_o a_o great_a general_n council_n it_o be_v only_o for_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a justice_n some_o of_o the_o laity_n have_v complain_v of_o two_o potent_a bishop_n that_o fortify_v their_o castle_n as_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o rule_v over_o they_o by_o the_o temporal_a as_o well_o as_o spiritual_a sword_n and_o have_v make_v a_o catholic_n interpretation_n of_o st._n peter_n ecce_fw-la duo_o gladii_fw-la it_o seem_v the_o bishop_n plea_n be_v that_o this_o be_v no_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n that_o be_v in_o the_o true_a sense_n not_o assemble_v for_o ecclesiastical_a but_o for_o civil_a matter_n but_o in_o their_o sense_n that_o they_o will_v be_v try_v by_o the_o canon_n and_o canonical_a person_n the_o debate_n be_v put_v off_o to_o be_v determine_v in_o a_o general_n council_n appoint_v to_o be_v at_o winchester_n here_o the_o clergy_n set_v up_o for_o themselves_o &_o have_v the_o pope_n legate_n think_v themselves_o a_o body_n sufficient_o entire_a without_o that_o other_o part_n of_o the_o clerus_fw-la god_n inheritance_n which_o use_v to_o make_v up_o eventhese_fw-mi assembly_n with_o much_o ado_n they_o first_o let_v in_o the_o nobility_n proprietor_n of_o land_n 189._o omnes_fw-la barones_n in_fw-la eorum_fw-la communionem_fw-la jamdudum_fw-la recepti_fw-la they_o have_v not_o sit_v four_o day_n but_o the_o londoners-citizen_n demand_v to_o be_v admit_v among_o they_o as_o citizen_n or_o trader_n they_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v a_o disparagement_n for_o the_o son_n of_o a_o noble_a man_n a_o freeholder_n to_o be_v marry_v to_o a_o trader_n 80._o and_o this_o our_o constitution_n agree_v with_o that_o of_o poland_n where_o mercator_n and_o nobilis_fw-la be_v always_o contradistinct_a and_o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a clause_n in_o one_o of_o their_o statute_n polonici_fw-la nobiles_fw-la appellandos_fw-la censemus_fw-la qui_fw-la licèt_fw-la matre_fw-la populari_fw-la patre_fw-la tamen_fw-la nobili_fw-la sunt_fw-la procreati_fw-la quorum_fw-la tamen_fw-la parent_n &_o ipsimet_fw-la vivre_fw-fr &_o vixerint_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la aliorum_fw-la nobilium_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la ut_fw-la supra_fw-la &_o non_fw-la exercuerint_fw-la vel_fw-la exerceant_fw-la eas_fw-la art_n &_o actiones_fw-la quas_fw-la communiter_fw-la cives_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la morantur_fw-la exercere_fw-la solent_fw-la per_fw-la contrarium_fw-la enim_fw-la usum_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la ipsa_fw-la in_o popularem_fw-la &_o plebeiam_fw-la conditionem_fw-la transire_fw-la solet_fw-la and_o with_o they_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o city_n which_o be_v sicut_fw-la proceres_fw-la send_v deputy_n whereas_o the_o possessionati_n the_o noble_n come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n in_o person_n there_o come_v to_o the_o council_n abovenamed_a a_o representative_a in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n of_o london_n feriâ_fw-la quartâ_fw-la venerunt_fw-la londinenses_n &_o in_o concilium_fw-la introducti_fw-la causam_fw-la svam_fw-la eatenus_fw-la egerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la dicerent_fw-la missos_fw-la se_fw-la a_o communione_fw-la quam_fw-la vocant_fw-la londiniarum_fw-la but_o the_o clergy_n carry_v it_o with_o a_o high_a hand_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o it_o become_v not_o they_o who_o be_v principal_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o sicut_fw-la proceres_fw-la as_o it_o be_v noble_n to_o favour_v they_o who_o forsake_v their_o lord_n which_o i_o think_v be_v mean_v of_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o clergy_n to_o be_v sure_a they_o excommunicate_v the_o king_n and_o those_o that_o hold_v with_o he_o for_o meddle_v in_o their_o matter_n but_o they_o have_v much_o ado_n to_o quiet_a the_o city_n of_o london_n for_o the_o haughty_a answer_n they_o give_v they_o they_o that_o be_v at_o this_o assembly_n come_v not_o as_o the_o king_n tenant_n or_o because_o of_o any_o office_n in_o his_o court._n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o canonical_a thunder_n at_o a_o great_a council_n possible_o of_o layman_n only_o habito_fw-la post_fw-la modum_fw-la concilio_n coram_fw-la primoribus_fw-la angliae_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la omne_fw-la per_fw-la angliam_fw-la oppida_fw-la castilia_n munitiones_fw-la quaequae_fw-la 671._o in_fw-la quibus_fw-la secularia_fw-la solent_fw-la exerceri_fw-la negotia_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la juri_fw-la cedant_fw-la whereby_o all_o the_o strong_a hold_n which_o clergyman_n have_v be_v subject_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o laity_n whether_o only_o the_o king_n baron_n barones_n curiae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v to_o be_v judge_n in_o the_o disposal_n be_v needless_a to_o determine_v but_o statutum_n est_fw-la coram_fw-la primoribus_fw-la angliae_fw-la this_o be_v make_v a_o law_n by_o all_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n we_o have_v several_a other_o council_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n in_o the_o seven_o of_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o recognise_a matilda_n the_o empress_n her_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o all_o but_o the_o man_n of_o kent_n step._n and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o they_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o a_o free_a people_n than_o the_o rest_n think_v it_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o they_o to_o own_o any_o title_n but_o mere_a election_n maltida_fw-la imperatrix_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la gente_fw-la anglorum_fw-la suscipitur_fw-la in_o dom._n exceptis_fw-la kentensibus_fw-la 392._o 1143._o 37._o in_o the_o nine_o the_o proceres_fw-la be_v summon_v per_fw-la edictum_fw-la regium_fw-la to_o st._n alban_n polycron_n the_o same_o year_n be_v a_o great_a council_n at_o northampton_n call_v parliamentum_fw-la 1379._o in_o the_o seventeen_o generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la convocavit_fw-la at_o london_n to_o which_o be_v call_v the_o bishop_n and_o all_o the_o proceres_fw-la 1154._o in_o the_o ninteenth_n and_o last_o of_o his_o reign_n step._n all_o the_o principes_fw-la meet_v at_o oxford_n ad_fw-la octavis_fw-la epiphaniae_fw-la and_o soon_o after_o the_o colloquium_fw-la at_o oxford_n they_o meet_v at_o dunstaple_n 32._o and_o he_o hold_v another_o great_a council_n the_o same_o year_n at_o london_n on_o michaelmas_n tam_fw-la pro_fw-la negotio_fw-la regni_fw-la quam_fw-la provisione_n eccles_n ebor._n 1040._o cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o optimatibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la this_o be_v both_o for_o ecclesiastical_a &_o civil_a matter_n the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n with_o that_o part_n of_o its_o constitution_n which_o have_v be_v much_o controvert_v of_o late_a 2._o will_v detain_v i_o and_o the_o reader_n too_o long_o to_o examine_v the_o several_a instance_n of_o great_a council_n or_o of_o ordinary_a court_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n by_o the_o examination_n of_o this_o possible_o i_o may_v give_v some_o additional_a light_n to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o represent_v the_o end_n of_o this_o convention_n be_v 2._o to_o vindicate_v the_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n of_o england_n from_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o clergy_n 1164._o who_o insist_v upon_o exemption_n finem_fw-la and_o a_o uncontrollable_a licence_n to_o do_v ill_a upon_o pretence_n of_o the_o sacredness_n of_o their_o person_n whereas_o the_o king_n will_v allow_v they_o no_o other_o privilege_n or_o exemption_n than_o what_o his_o law_n have_v give_v they_o this_o council_n be_v compose_v of_o more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a 96._o it_o be_v call_v a_o great_a and_o full_a parliament_n generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la the_o party_n present_a be_v under_o divers_a denomination_n 248._o all_o come_n to_o the_o same_o rex_fw-la arch._n ep._n ab._n pr._n com._n bar._n &_o proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la 1385._o as_o m._n paris_n

rex_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la mat._n west_n anglicani_n regni_fw-la praesules_fw-la &_o proceres_fw-la 536._o gervasius_n 133._o episcopi_fw-la &_o proceres_fw-la radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la praelati_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o another_o 493._o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la regni_fw-la hoveden_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o dr._n stillingfleet_n show_v we_o out_o of_o the_o quadripartite_a history_n 392._o the_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o sr._n roger_n twisden_n term_v it_o clar._n yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o clause_n so_o much_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o without_o any_o right_a settlement_n refer_v to_o the_o ordinary_a curia_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o which_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o come_v and_o where_o ordinary_a justice_n or_o jurisdiction_n in_o all_o or_o most_o cause_n be_v exercise_v and_o this_o give_v some_o account_n why_o the_o bishop_n who_o have_v be_v from_o the_o norman_n acquisition_n downward_o tenant_n in_o chief_a because_o of_o their_o temporalty_n 152._o and_o during_o vacancy_n the_o guardian_n of_o those_o temporalty_n upon_o that_o very_a account_n have_v be_v particular_o summon_v why_o i_o say_v they_o shall_v be_v allow_v to_o vote_n in_o a_o legislative_a capacity_n which_o they_o have_v as_o proprietor_n though_o no_o tenant_n of_o the_o king_n when_o they_o proceed_v by_o way_n of_o bill_n of_o attainder_n and_o yet_o tenure_n only_o qualify_a they_o for_o judge_n in_o parliament_n as_o before_o in_o the_o king_n ordinary_a curia_n interest_n judiciis_fw-la curiae_fw-la or_o at_o least_o they_o succeed_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o curia_fw-la according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarend_a that_o jurisdiction_n which_o they_o have_v as_o tenant_n or_o as_o succedaneous_a to_o such_o extend_v not_o to_o matter_n of_o blood_n it_o will_v not_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o come_n to_o the_o great_a council_n where_o the_o extraordinary_a power_n justice_n or_o legislature_n be_v exercise_v be_v mere_o because_o of_o tenure_n and_o that_o no_o body_n have_v right_a to_o be_v of_o the_o great_a council_n but_o they_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o be_v member_n of_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n indeed_o when_o that_o be_v take_v away_o or_o disuse_v they_o that_o before_o be_v to_o do_v suit_n and_o service_n at_o the_o curia_n be_v to_o perform_v it_o at_o the_o great_a court_n the_o parliament_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o court_n where_o they_o can_v 2._o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o 8_o of_o ed._n 2._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o st._n alban_n plead_v that_o they_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o as_o other_o burrough_n be_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la but_o that_o the_o come_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n be_v mere_o because_o of_o tenure_n appear_v from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o constitution_n arch._n ep._n etc._n etc._n &_o universi_fw-la personae_fw-la regni_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la personatum_fw-la habent_fw-la possessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la de_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la sicut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o sicut_fw-la barones_n caeteri_fw-la debent_fw-la interest_n judiciis_fw-la curiae_fw-la regis_fw-la cum_fw-la baronibus_fw-la 1387._o etc._n etc._n that_o be_v except_z as_o be_v there_o except_v these_o ecclesiastical_a tenant_n or_o baron_n be_v to_o be_v present_a 9●_n or_o interest_v in_o the_o judgement_n together_o with_o the_o king_n justice_n and_o officer_n as_o the_o other_o baron_n that_o be_v lay-tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o seem_v both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o lay-tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la yet_o i_o think_v caeteri_fw-la barones_n aught_o to_o be_v confine_v to_o they_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n for_o many_o hold_v in_o feodo_fw-la firmâ_fw-la by_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o certain_a rent_n or_o petty_a serjeanty_n the_o payment_n of_o a_o gild_a spur_n or_o the_o like_a pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la of_o which_o the_o record_n be_v full_a who_o be_v not_o ordinary_o to_o give_v their_o attendance_n at_o the_o curia_n but_o tenure_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la be_v i_o take_v it_o in_o those_o time_n no_o more_o than_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la this_o perhaps_o i_o can_v prove_v by_o many_o record_n i_o shall_v instance_n in_o one_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o a_o noble_a peer_n of_o this_o realm_n now_o earl_n late_a baron_n of_o berkley_n as_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 2._o one_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v the_o grant_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o berkley_n harness_n from_o hen._n 2._o term._n tenendum_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la &_o haereditate_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la quinque_fw-la militum_fw-la scac_n a_o office_n be_v find_v in_o edw._n the_o three_o time_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o maurice_n berkley_n and_o there_o it_o be_v that_o he_o hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la faciendo_fw-la inde_fw-la servitium_fw-la trium_fw-la militum_fw-la pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la two_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v alien_v inde_fw-la upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o barony_n or_o rather_o the_o land_n be_v the_o knight_n service_n and_o the_o knight_n service_n make_v the_o barony_n as_o appear_v there_o be_v no_o particular_a word_n create_v any_o honourable_a tenure_n but_o what_o result_v from_o serve_v the_o king_n with_o man_n upon_o his_o own_o charge_n the_o number_n i_o take_v it_o make_v nothing_o towards_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tenure_n these_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n the_o king_n baron_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v at_o the_o king_n court_n the_o more_o if_o at_o the_o great_a court_n when_o he_o shall_v call_v they_o the_o chief_a ground_n be_v upon_o their_o ordinary_a attendance_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n that_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la within_o the_o const_n of_o clarendon_n be_v mean_v of_o the_o ordinary_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o consequent_o the_o ordinary_a court_n 100_o old_z ______o of_o gloucester_n be_v express_v yuf_fw-fr a_o man_n of_o holi-church_n have_v ein_fw-mi lay_v fee_n parson_n otherwhat_o he_o be_v he_o shall_v do_v therevore_fw-mi king_n service_n that_o there_o valth_n that_o be_v right_a ne_o be_v vorlore_fw-mi in_o play_v and_o in_o assize_n be_v and_o in_o judgement_n also_o but_o this_o far_a appear_v by_o the_o summons_n to_o and_o proceed_n at_o northampton_n the_o very_a next_o year_n this_o hoveden_n call_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la 494._o and_o mr._n selden_n inform_v we_o out_o of_o a_o ancient_a author_n that_o the_o summons_n thither_o be_v only_o to_o the_o member_n of_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n 583._o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenebant_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la mandari_fw-la fecit_fw-la upon_o the_o bishop_n withdraw_a from_o the_o judge_n of_o becket_n the_o ground_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v soon_o examine_v quidam_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la &_o barones_n secundae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la be_v add_v ms._n it_o be_v quidam_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la some_o sheriff_n it_o can_v not_o be_v all_o because_o several_a be_v majores_fw-la barones_n have_v the_o county_n in_o fee_n but_o this_o restraint_n seem_v not_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o barones_n secundae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suppose_v that_o it_o do_v and_o so_o come_v only_o to_o the_o uppermost_a of_o they_o the_o vavasore_n perhaps_o that_o be_v inferior_a or_o mesne_n lord_n hold_v manor_n of_o other_o not_o the_o king_n still_o here_o be_v more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a and_o to_o be_v sure_a these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v add_v be_v more_o than_o the_o member_n of_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n and_o this_o court_n to_o which_o they_o be_v add_v be_v only_o the_o ordinary_a court_n of_o justice_n if_o we_o can_v show_v when_o this_o ordinary_a court_n of_o justice_n determine_v and_o who_o succeed_v into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o ordinary_a member_n of_o it_o we_o may_v go_v far_o to_o clear_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n than_o perhaps_o have_v yet_o be_v do_v if_o the_o lord_n the_o great_a man_n succeed_v the_o court_n of_o tenant_n and_o be_v let_v into_o that_o jurisdiction_n which_o they_o exercise_v and_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n of_o proof_n that_o clergyman_n in_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la ever_o vote_v in_o capital_a cause_n but_o if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o prohibition_n run_v against_o judicia_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la and_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n refer_v to_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o the_o ordinary_a judicia_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la be_v agitate_a and_o pronounce_v just_o they_o take_v themselves_o to_o be_v exclude_v the_o curia_n quando_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la materiis_fw-la agitur_fw-la it_o will_v i_o think_v be_v evident_a that_o the_o bishop_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n answer_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n never_o have_v any_o right_n to_o

the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o so_o become_v incorporate_v into_o and_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n 3._o and_o that_o they_o run_v in_o the_o term_n of_o judicia_fw-la agitare_fw-la which_o in_o the_o common_a intendment_n be_v of_o ordinary_a justice_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n particular_o refer_v to_o the_o ordinary_a court_n of_o justice_n except_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o clergyman_n vote_v in_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n the_o court_n of_o tenant_n and_o officer_n whilst_o that_o court_n continue_v there_o be_v not_o one_o precedent_n against_o this_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n if_o it_o be_v say_v they_o have_v voted_n in_o bill_n of_o attainder_n which_o in_o effect_n be_v judicia_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la still_o these_o be_v not_o within_o the_o ordinary_a justice_n however_o if_o they_o be_v judicia_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la in_o a_o strict_a sense_n let_v they_o who_o be_v concern_v answer_v the_o evade_n the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n i_o shall_v give_v one_o plain_a instance_n of_o a_o great_a council_n 1176._o and_o another_o of_o a_o ordinary_a court_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n cott._n and_o hasten_v to_o the_o next_o circa_n festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la northampton_n &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la fecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v more_o than_o a_o ordinary_a curia_n and_o there_o be_v the_o barones_n terrae_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v for_o his_o feudal_a tenant_n but_o his_o liege_n people_n for_o his_o ordinary_a curia_n we_o find_v a_o clear_a precedent_n in_o the_o glossary_a of_o that_o great_a antiquary_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n who_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o finish_v the_o second_o part_n will_v certain_o have_v give_v a_o complete_a body_n of_o antiquity_n we_o find_v in_o he_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fine_a levy_v in_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la finalis_fw-la conventio_fw-la facta_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendum_fw-la anno_fw-la 33._o finis_fw-la regni_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la secundi_fw-la coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o joh._n filio_fw-la ejus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o aliis_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la qui_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibi_fw-la praesentes_fw-la erant_fw-la etc._n etc._n richard_n the_o first_o be_v spirit_v to_o jerusalem_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v not_o expect_v many_o instance_n from_o he_o of_o the_o one_o sort_n or_o tother_o 1._o but_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o ecclesiastical_a council_n at_o pipewell_n in_o northamptonshire_n 1189._o can_v not_o be_v the_o curia_n de_fw-fr more_fw-it 1161._o sir_n hen._n spelman_n call_v it_o concilium_fw-la pambritanicum_fw-la and_o bromton_n tell_v we_o in_o general_a who_o be_v at_o it_o 119._o among_o other_o there_o be_v all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o it_o be_v very_o manifest_a that_o they_o be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o chief_a many_o hold_v in_o purâ_fw-la &_o perpetuâ_fw-la eleemosynâ_fw-la and_o other_o of_o temporal_a lord_n religiosorum_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o carlisle_n 34_o ed._n 1._o and_o therefore_o this_o be_v not_o a_o court_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n and_o officer_n only_o but_o then_o in_o november_n follow_v he_o assemble_v a_o full_a parliament_n at_o london_n rex_fw-la congregatis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la 1166._o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la habuit_fw-la &_o tractatum_fw-la this_o be_v manifest_o more_o than_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la a_o great_a court_n be_v hold_v the_o next_o year_n at_o bury_n in_o normandy_n 1170._o ricardus_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la festum_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la domini_fw-la quod_fw-la secunda_fw-la feria_fw-la illo_fw-la anno_fw-la evenit_fw-la in_o normanniâ_fw-la apud_fw-la burium_fw-la cum_fw-la primatibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la celebravit_fw-la day_n it_o seem_v he_o have_v hold_v another_o court_n in_o england_n for_o this_o be_v the_o second_o court_n but_o the_o great_a council_n at_o london_n be_v not_o of_o either_o of_o the_o feast_n day_n john_n but_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o this_o distinction_n be_v observable_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o prince_n upon_o who_o charter_n our_o dispute_n be_v he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o large_a representative_a than_o the_o interpreter_n of_o his_o charter_n have_v put_v upon_o we_o jo._n a_o populo_fw-la terrae_fw-la susceptus_fw-la est_fw-la 2414._o king_n john_n in_o one_o of_o his_o charter_n say_v 189._o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la &_o mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o favore_fw-la congregatis_fw-la arch._n ep._n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la this_o explain_v who_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la joh._n which_o assemble_v at_o london_n in_o the_o second_o of_o his_o reign_n which_o the_o historian_n not_o have_v mention_v any_o feast_n day_n or_o say_v bare_o that_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o court_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o great_a council_n but_o the_o record_n give_v further_a light_n 5._o they_o show_v we_o that_o there_o the_o queen_n be_v crown_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o concordi_fw-la voluntate_fw-la arch._n episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n that_o the_o queen_n be_v a_o foreigner_n have_v such_o a_o formal_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o confirm_v her_o queen_n for_o there_o have_v be_v at_o least_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o law_n against_o any_o king_n of_o england_n marry_v a_o foreigner_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o harold_n plead_v against_o william_n the_o first_o when_o he_o urge_v his_o oath_n for_o place_v the_o crown_n upon_o william_n head_n and_o marry_v william_n daughter_n that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v either_o inconsultis_fw-la principibus_fw-la or_o absque_fw-la generali_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_fw-la conventu_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la 56._o as_o another_o author_n explain_v the_o council_n 59_o the_o consent_n of_o which_o harold_n plead_v to_o be_v necessary_a from_o london_n king_n john_n issue_v out_o his_o summons_n to_o william_n king_n of_o scot_n to_o attend_v he_o at_o lincoln_n which_o summon_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v as_o one_o of_o his_o tenant_n in_o chief_a but_o thither_o come_v more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a nor_o be_v it_o the_o place_n or_o time_n for_o the_o curia_fw-la de_fw-fr more_fw-it and_o therefore_o the_o curia_n and_o general_a council_n be_v unite_v the_o king_n of_o scot_n come_v as_o attendant_n upon_o the_o curia_n convenerunt_fw-la interea_fw-la ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la apud_fw-la lincolniam_fw-la 196._o rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la johannes_n &_o rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la willielmus_fw-la cum_fw-la universà_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la utriusque_fw-la regni_fw-la vndecimo_fw-la kalendas_fw-la decembris_fw-la as_o under_o the_o nobility_n the_o senator_n of_o scotland_n be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o freeholders_n at_o that_o time_n beyond_o dispute_n it_o be_v probable_a at_o least_o that_o our_o nobility_n be_v of_o the_o same_o extent_n and_o for_o the_o probability_n of_o the_o assemble_v of_o so_o great_a a_o body_n as_o the_o proprietor_n of_o both_o kingdom_n must_v have_v make_v even_o then_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o meeting_n be_v without_o the_o wall_n for_o the_o city_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v they_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n do_v homage_n upon_o a_o mountain_n in_o conspectu_fw-la omnis_fw-la populi_fw-la before_o all_o the_o people_n the_o unite_a body_n of_o freeholders_n of_o both_o kingdom_n in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o reign_n this_o king_n hold_v his_o curia_n on_o christmas_n at_o guildford_n 1201._o and_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o his_o military_a council_n 198._o multa_fw-la militibus_fw-la suis_fw-la festiva_fw-la distribuit_fw-la indumenta_fw-la that_o be_v in_o festival_n bounty_n he_o give_v many_o coat_n to_o his_o soldier_n and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o more_o be_v very_o evident_a in_o that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o show_v himself_o a_o prince_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a empire_n set_v up_o the_o like_a court_n of_o his_o tenant_n and_o dependent_n hubertus_n verò_fw-la cantuariensis_n arch._n 〈…〉_z quasi_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la à_fw-la pari_fw-la contendens_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la fecit_fw-la apud_fw-la cantuariam_n at_o easter_n the_o king_n hold_v his_o court_n at_o canterbury_n where_o the_o archbishop_n by_o sumptuous_a entertainment_n of_o the_o king_n hope_v to_o atone_v for_o his_o former_a vain-glory._n on_o ascension-day_n the_o king_n issue_v out_o his_o summons_n from_o theokesbery_n for_o the_o hold_v his_o ordinary_a court_n at_o whitsuntide_n follow_v at_o

portsmouth_n generale_fw-mi proposuit_fw-la edictum_fw-la ut_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la militare_fw-la servitium_fw-la ei_fw-la debebant_fw-la ib._n parati_fw-la essent_fw-la ad_fw-la portesmue_n cum_fw-la equis_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la ad_fw-la transfretandum_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n transmarinas_fw-la in_o die_fw-la pentecostes_fw-la iam_fw-la instant_n those_o that_o will_v not_o pass_v the_o sea_n with_o he_o consent_v to_o the_o payment_n of_o escuage_n two_o mark_n of_o silver_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n dantes_fw-la regi_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la scuto_fw-la dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la argenti_n the_o next_o year_n he_o hold_v his_o curia_n on_o christmas_n in_o normandy_n joh._n and_o the_o year_n follow_v this_o 199._o he_o hold_v his_o christmas_n court_n in_o normandy_n likewise_o joh._n in_o the_o year_n 1204._o his_v curia_n be_v hold_v on_o christmas_n at_o canterbury_n celebravit_fw-la from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o oxford_n where_o be_v present_a more_o than_o the_o member_n of_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n convenerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la indeed_o what_o be_v then_o give_v the_o king_n be_v only_o from_o his_o feudal_a tenant_n but_o that_o be_v no_o argument_n that_o therefore_o no_o more_o be_v there_o because_o the_o council_n advise_v he_o to_o charge_v his_o tenant_n nay_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o the_o historian_n do_v not_o say_v that_o they_o which_o be_v there_o assemble_v give_v but_o ubi_fw-la concessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la regi_fw-la auxilia_fw-la militaria_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la scuto_fw-la scilicet_fw-la dvae_fw-la marcae_fw-la that_o be_v there_z escuage_z be_v give_v by_o or_o upon_o they_o 201._o who_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n or_o it_o may_v be_v a_o aid_n give_v general_o by_o every_o one_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o acre_n or_o value_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o valuation_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n as_o be_v usual_o do_v in_o that_o and_o succeed_a time_n and_o then_o i_o take_v it_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n that_o every_o nine_o knight_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v find_v a_o ten_o arm_v at_o all_o point_n to_o be_v ready_a in_o servitio_fw-la nostro_fw-la ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la quantum_fw-la opus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la this_o to_o be_v sure_o reach_v further_a than_o to_o the_o knight_n by_o military_a tenure_n because_o every_o one_o that_o hold_v a_o knight_n fee_n be_v by_o his_o tenure_n to_o find_v a_o man_n and_o consequent_o this_o will_v have_v be_v a_o weak'n_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o abate_v of_o their_o service_n but_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v extend_v to_o all_o that_o hold_v to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n though_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n this_o be_v provide_v communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la arch._n ep._n com._n baronum_n &_o omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la angliae_fw-la dorso_fw-la and_o so_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n and_o at_o the_o same_o parliament_n the_o king_n per_fw-mi commune_v concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la make_v a_o assize_n of_o money_n dor_n in_o the_o year_n 1205._o he_o hold_v his_o court_n at_o theokesbery_n which_o break_v up_o the_o first_o day_n joh._n soon_o after_o he_o call_v together_o his_o army_n that_o be_v those_o who_o be_v oblige_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o attend_v he_o for_o though_o the_o curia_fw-la de_fw-la more_o be_v confine_v to_o certain_a day_n yet_o the_o king_n make_v the_o court_n wherever_o he_o please_v to_o appoint_v it_o and_o the_o obligation_n to_o attendance_n at_o the_o court_n be_v indefinite_a his_o military_a council_n when_o meet_v refuse_v to_o go_v with_o he_o beyond_o sea_n as_o he_o require_v whereupon_o with_o a_o few_o of_o they_o he_o set_v out_o to_o sea_n and_o after_o he_o have_v coast_v about_o a_o little_a he_o exact_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o those_o who_o tenure_n can_v furnish_v he_o with_o a_o pretence_n for_o it_o because_o they_o discharge_v not_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o tenure_n occasiones_fw-la praetendens_fw-la quod_fw-la noluerunt_fw-la ipsum_fw-la sequi_fw-la the_o next_o year_n he_o hold_v his_o court_n on_o christmas_n at_o oxford_n 1206._o the_o historian_n give_v no_o mark_n of_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o a_o ordinary_a curia_n 205._o but_o the_o record_n do_v 266._o there_o be_v a_o grant_n of_o subsidy_n upon_o every_o man_n personal_a estate_n per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la concilii_fw-la nostri_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la dorso_fw-la this_o in_o another_o record_n be_v say_v to_o be_v by_o the_o arch._n ep._n abbates_n &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la rot._n par._n 8_o jo._n m._n 1._o on_o whitsuntide_n he_o hold_v his_o court_n at_o portsmouth_n 1207._o in_o hebdom_n pentecostes_fw-la exercitum_fw-la grand_fw-fr apud_fw-la portesmouth_n congregavit_fw-la but_o then_o the_o christmas_n follow_v at_o winchester_n he_o hold_v a_o general_n council_n and_o that_o be_v on_o the_o court_n day_n celebravit_fw-la natale_fw-la domini_fw-la apud_fw-la wintoniam_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la 42._o deinde_fw-la in_o purificatione_n beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la cepit_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la tertiam_fw-la decimam_fw-la partem_fw-la ex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la rebus_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la laicis_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la viris_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la &_o praelatis_fw-la cunctis_fw-la murmurantibus_fw-la sed_fw-la contradicere_fw-la non_fw-la audentibus_fw-la here_o be_v a_o grant_n of_o what_o no_o way_n belong_v to_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v privy_a to_o it_o 212._o though_o it_o be_v do_v grudge_o in_o the_o year_n 1208._o he_o hold_v his_o court_n on_o christmas_n at_o windsor_n 1208._o where_o he_o distribute_v coat_n to_o his_o soldier_n he_o hold_v his_o christmas_n court_n at_o bristol_n 1209._o he_o hold_v a_o great_a council_n on_o the_o feast_n day_n at_o windsor_n praesentibus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la 1210._o so_o the_o year_n follow_v at_o york_n praesentibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la 1211._o 1212._o it_o be_v but_o a_o ordinary_a court_n hold_v at_o windsor_n 14._o fuit_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_fw-la apud_fw-la windsor_n 1213._o he_o hold_v his_o court_n at_o westminster_n with_o very_a few_o tenant_n ad_fw-la natale_fw-la domini_fw-la tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la cum_fw-la pauco_fw-la admodum_fw-la militum_fw-la comitatu_fw-la jo._n in_o this_o year_n we_o find_v a_o military_a summons_n to_o more_o than_o tenant_n and_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a nature_n misit_fw-la literas_fw-la ad_fw-la omnes_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la sub_fw-la hâc_fw-la formâ_fw-la rex_fw-la johannes_n etc._n etc._n summon_v per_fw-mi bonos_fw-es summonitores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la vel_fw-la quicunque_fw-la 224._o sint_fw-la &_o de_fw-la quocunque_fw-la teneant_fw-la qui_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la debent_fw-la vel_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la possint_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la homagium_fw-la nobis_fw-la vel_fw-la ligeantiam_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la quod_fw-la sicut_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o seipsos_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la sua_fw-la diligunt_fw-la sint_fw-la apud_fw-la deveram_fw-la ad_fw-la instant_n clausum_fw-la paschae_fw-la benè_fw-la parati_fw-la cum_fw-la equis_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la toto_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la ad_fw-la defendendum_fw-la caput_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o capita_fw-la sua_fw-la &_o terram_fw-la angl._n et_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la remaneat_fw-la qui_fw-la arma_fw-la portare_fw-la possit_fw-la sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la culvertagii_fw-la &_o perpetuae_fw-la servitutis_fw-la runaway_n et_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la sequatur_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la terram_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la &_o arma_fw-la habere_fw-la possint_fw-la illic_fw-la veniant_fw-la ad_fw-la capiendum_fw-la solidatas_fw-la nostras_fw-la hereby_o all_o freeman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n tenant_n nay_o servant_n and_o all_o that_o owe_v allegiance_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o not_o oblige_v to_o bear_v arm_n if_o they_o can_v get_v any_o be_v require_v to_o give_v their_o attendance_n and_o those_o that_o have_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o shall_v have_v the_o king_n pay_v this_o be_v upon_o expectation_n of_o a_o invasion_n and_o therefore_o the_o assembly_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v as_o general_a as_o the_o summons_n but_o there_o be_v a_o shrewd_a circumstance_n to_o induce_v the_o belief_n that_o many_o considerable_a man_n not_o hold_v in_o chief_a think_v themselves_o not_o oblige_v to_o attendance_n till_o necessity_n press_v they_o for_o otherwise_o he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v terrify_v into_o a_o dishonourable_a peace_n the_o part_n with_o all_o his_o right_n of_o patronage_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o submit_v to_o his_o pleasure_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v sensible_a by_o the_o absence_n of_o many_o great_a man_n that_o there_o be_v truth_n in_o the_o french_a king_n boast_n 225._o jactat_fw-la se_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la chartas_n habere_fw-la omnium_fw-la ferè_fw-la angliae_fw-la magnatum_fw-la de_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la &_o subjectione_n but_o that_o this_o be_v not_o

a_o general_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o provisor_n which_o declare_v that_o the_o pope_n assume_v the_o jus_o patronatus_fw-la be_v a_o encroachment_n 3._o that_o be_v usurpation_n or_o unlawful_a act_n which_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v if_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n and_o turba_fw-la multa_fw-la nimis_fw-la that_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o those_o shameful_a term_n which_o king_n john_n yield_v have_v be_v enough_o to_o constitute_v a_o full_a representative_a of_o the_o nation_n if_o they_o have_v be_v call_v to_o council_n not_o to_o fight_v than_o indeed_o upon_o knowledge_n that_o matter_n of_o general_a obligation_n be_v to_o be_v settle_v though_o but_o few_o have_v come_v they_o will_v have_v conclude_v the_o rest_n the_o army_n as_o it_o be_v compute_v be_v about_o 60000_o 269._o but_o that_o be_v make_v up_o of_o servant_n villain_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v there_o nigh_o the_o half_a of_o the_o proprietor_n which_o must_v have_v be_v present_a to_o make_v any_o thing_n of_o general_a obligation_n without_o notice_n of_o its_o be_v so_o intend_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o this_o be_v that_o shameful_a resignation_n of_o the_o crown_n before_o mention_v near_o dover_n whereas_o the_o first_o agrreement_n be_v at_o dover_n 230._o the_o same_o year_n his_o tenant_n who_o be_v to_o maintain_v themselves_o in_o his_o court_n and_o army_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n complain_v that_o he_o have_v keep_v they_o out_o so_o long_o that_o they_o have_v spend_v all_o their_o money_n and_o can_v follow_v he_o no_o long_o unless_o he_o supply_v they_o out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n this_o year_n there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n at_o st._n alban_n where_o be_v all_o the_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o there_o be_v a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n the_o first_o 1213._o whereas_o we_o find_v nothing_o of_o that_o nature_n at_o any_o curia_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n and_o officer_n only_o 230._o the_o same_o year_n he_o hold_v his_o court_n on_o christmas_n at_o windsor_n 238._o but_o a_o great_a council_n be_v hold_v at_o oxford_n the_o summons_n to_o which_o mr._n selden_n produce_v but_o say_v the_o record_n of_o it_o for_o aught_o he_o have_v see_v be_v without_o example_n rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la oxon_n salutem_fw-la 587._o praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la ballivae_fw-la tuus_fw-la qui_fw-la summoniti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la à_fw-la die_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la in_o quind_a dies_z venire_fw-la facias_fw-la cum_fw-la armis_fw-la suis_fw-la upon_o this_o part_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o there_o have_v be_v a_o general_a notice_n or_o proclamation_n of_o the_o time_n when_o he_o will_v have_v those_o that_o owe_v he_o military_a service_n to_o attend_v with_o their_o arm_n but_o the_o place_n be_v not_o name_v for_o they_o be_v to_o follow_v he_o wherever_o he_o will_v have_v his_o court_n and_o therefore_o herein_o be_v a_o apparent_a grievance_n in_o some_o measure_n redress_v by_o his_o charter_n two_o year_n after_o in_o ascertain_v the_o place_n of_o meet_v to_o consult_v of_o aid_n and_o escuage_z but_o beside_o these_o tenant_n there_o be_v other_o corpora_fw-la vero_fw-la baronum_fw-la sine_fw-la armis_fw-la singulariter_fw-la &_o quatuor_fw-la discretos_fw-la milites_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la venire_fw-la facias_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la ad_fw-la eundem_fw-la terminum_fw-la ad_fw-la loquendum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la witten_n 11_o die_v nou._n eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la thus_o much_o i_o take_v to_o be_v clear_a from_o it_o that_o here_o be_v a_o union_n of_o the_o ordinary_a curia_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n be_v military_a tenant_n who_o be_v to_o attend_v with_o their_o arm_n and_o of_o peaceable_a senator_n in_o a_o great_a council_n if_o the_o barones_n of_o who_o the_o sheriff_n be_v to_o take_v special_a care_n be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n it_o be_v not_o supposable_a that_o contrary_a to_o the_o obligation_n of_o their_o tenure_n they_o shall_v be_v order_v to_o come_v unarm_v while_o only_o their_o tenant_n or_o at_o least_o inferior_a tenant_n to_o the_o king_n have_v their_o sword_n in_o their_o hand_n wherefore_o barones_n here_n must_v be_v take_v in_o the_o most_o large_a and_o comprehensive_a sense_n but_o this_o be_v far_a observable_a that_o where_o the_o summons_n be_v general_n to_o all_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o freeholders_n yet_o there_o have_v be_v a_o special_a inquest_n summon_v or_o take_v out_o of_o the_o generality_n as_o in_o the_o summons_n to_o attend_v the_o justice_n in_o eyre_n b._n summoneas_fw-la per_fw-la bonos_fw-es summ._fw-la omnes_fw-la arch._n ep._n abb._n pri._n comit._n baron_fw-fr milites_fw-la &_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la dorso_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr qualibet_fw-la villâ_fw-la quatuor_fw-la legales_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o praepositum_fw-la head-borough_n &_o de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n duodecim_fw-la legales_fw-la burgenses_n etc._n etc._n and_o even_o agreeable_o to_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o king_n john_n we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o 42_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v quatuor_fw-la milites_fw-la inquisitores_fw-la 3._o four_o inquisitor_n in_o every_o county_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o county_n court_n to_o inquire_v faithful_o into_o the_o business_n of_o every_o county_n in_o order_n to_o represent_v it_o at_o parliament_n which_o have_v no_o semblance_n of_o their_o be_v the_o representatives_n of_o the_o county_n only_o the_o presenter_n and_o methodizer_n of_o that_o business_n to_o which_o the_o great_a council_n give_v their_o assent_n or_o dissent_n from_o this_o time_n to_o the_o great_a assembly_n at_o rumny_n mead_n i_o find_v neither_o a_o great_a council_n nor_o curia_n mention_v that_o to_o be_v sure_o be_v of_o more_o than_o the_o king_n tenant_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v i_o shall_v only_o observe_v far_a that_o it_o consist_v of_o that_o army_n which_o be_v get_v together_o on_o both_o side_n on_o the_o people_n side_n be_v a_o very_a great_a army_n comitum_fw-la 241._o baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o servientium_fw-la peditum_fw-la &_o equitum_fw-la cum_fw-la communibus_fw-la villarum_fw-la &_o civitatum_fw-la and_o after_o this_o they_o have_v a_o great_a accession_n by_o gain_v the_o whole_a city_n of_o london_n and_o all_o that_o be_v neutral_a before_o and_o even_o most_o of_o those_o that_o have_v keep_v along_o with_o the_o king_n upon_o this_o the_o king_n condescend_v to_o treat_v the_o place_n be_v agree_v upon_o and_o according_o convenerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la who_o these_o be_v the_o record_n tell_v we_o and_o the_o assembly_n be_v as_o general_a as_o the_o concession_n on_o the_o king_n side_n 1215._o concessimus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la subscriptas_fw-la habendas_fw-la &_o tenendas_fw-la eye_n &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la even_o this_o be_v a_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o a_o large_a sense_n but_o not_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n and_o though_o it_o be_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o be_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a community_n yet_o not_o the_o ordinary_a common_a council_n for_o that_o may_v be_v and_o i_o need_v not_o scruple_n to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v of_o the_o king_n tenant_n and_o officer_n which_o in_o that_o sense_n and_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o which_o of_o course_n it_o meet_v be_v the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o like_o the_o king_n ordinary_a privy_a council_n or_o his_o court_n of_o justice_n long_o since_o settle_v at_o westminster-hall_n they_o can_v exercise_v no_o act_n of_o legislation_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o charge_v tenant_n with_o more_o than_o be_v due_a of_o custom_n be_v such_o a_o act_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o power_n of_o make_v by-law_n will_v argue_v a_o legislative_a power_n and_o there_o will_v be_v a_o little_a parliament_n in_o every_o village_n without_o re-examining_a particular_a instance_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v obvious_a that_o admit_v the_o ordinary_a curia_fw-la regis_fw-la at_o any_o time_n exercise_v a_o power_n peculiar_a to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o which_o i_o dare_v bold_o say_v there_o be_v very_o rare_a if_o any_o instance_n such_o that_o it_o can_v be_v affirm_v with_o certainty_n this_o be_v a_o ordinary_a curia_n without_o a_o more_o solemn_a convention_n or_o summons_n yet_o in_o irregular_a time_n many_o of_o they_o will_v not_o make_v one_o legal_a precedent_n especial_o against_o so_o many_o declaration_n

free_a custom_n of_o the_o villae_fw-la appear_v from_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o man_n of_o coventry_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o villa_n in_o 34_o ed._n 1._o they_o plead_v and_o their_o plea_n be_v allow_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o king_n and_o of_o his_o progenitor_n which_o to_o be_v sure_a reach_n to_o the_o custom_n before_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la they_o use_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v as_o citizen_n burgess_n or_o tenant_n of_o the_o king_n demesn_a but_o only_o along_o with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o county_n of_o warwick_n that_o be_v with_o the_o whole_a county_n and_o not_o with_o the_o city_n burrough_n and_o ancient_a demesn_a of_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o when_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la in_o k._n john_n charter_n or_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o chief_a lay_v any_o charge_n or_o give_v a_o auxilium_fw-la or_o aid_n this_o can_v not_o affect_v they_o but_o when_o they_o come_v and_o agree_v to_o any_o charge_n with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n coventre_fw-fr as_o part_v thereof_o than_o they_o be_v liable_a and_o no_o otherwise_o and_o indeed_o the_o stream_n of_o record_n of_o both_o h._n 3._o e._n 1._o and_o e._n 2._o evident_o prove_v all_o this_o but_o let_v we_o touch_v the_o record_n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la eorundem_fw-la hominum_fw-la regi_fw-la est_fw-la ostensum_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la villa_n praedicta_fw-la civitas_n burgus_n seu_fw-la dominicum_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la existat_fw-la ut_fw-la homines_fw-la villae_fw-la predictae_fw-la tanquam_fw-la cives_fw-la burgenses_n seu_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la dominico_n regis_fw-la in_o aliquibus_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la tallagiis_fw-la seu_fw-la contributionibus_fw-la regi_fw-la seu_fw-la progenitoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la concessis_fw-la non_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la talliari_fw-la sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la com._n warwic_n etc._n etc._n no_o man_n will_v imagine_v sure_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o plea_n to_o be_v that_o the_o vill_n or_o town_n of_o coventry_n be_v not_o liable_a when_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n tax_v themselves_o only_o but_o they_o be_v when_o such_o tenant_n tax_v the_o whole_a county_n for_o that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o admittance_n of_o a_o grievance_n beyond_o that_o against_o which_o they_o petition_v for_o by_o that_o the_o king_n tenant_n may_v have_v excuse_v themselves_o and_o have_v lay_v the_o burden_n upon_o they_o who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o chief_a so_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v their_o great_a advantage_n to_o claim_v the_o privilege_n of_o be_v tenant_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o that_o capacity_n to_o have_v have_v a_o right_a and_o privilege_n to_o be_v party_n and_o consent_v to_o all_o charge_n and_o grant_v lay_v upon_o they_o and_o give_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o for_o that_o they_o may_v have_v pray_v in_o aid_n and_o plead_v king_n john_n charter_n nor_o shall_v we_o have_v meet_v with_o so_o many_o record_n in_o those_o time_n whereby_o so_o many_o plead_v off_o the_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o chargeable_a and_o burdensome_a nay_o even_o the_o tenure_n of_o barony_n itself_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a every_o one_o will_v have_v give_v the_o king_n great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o have_v change_v their_o tenor_n to_o have_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la coronâ_fw-la when_o indeed_o it_o clear_o appear_v they_o do_v the_o contrary_a because_o they_o not_o only_a can_v save_v their_o individual_a estate_n if_o they_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n but_o will_v have_v increase_v and_o better_v they_o by_o their_o service_n and_o tenor_n which_o capacitate_v they_o to_o lay_v charge_n upon_o all_o the_o baron_n knight_n and_o freeholder_n of_o england_n who_o hold_v not_o in_o chief_a and_o who_o be_v by_o far_o the_o major_a part_n many_o of_o which_o hold_v of_o the_o great_a lord_n by_o such_o and_o such_o duty_n or_o payment_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la and_o beyond_o that_o be_v not_o liable_a without_o their_o own_o consent_n to_o be_v charge_v and_o all_o this_o be_v demonstrative_a if_o any_o will_v read_v over_o and_o consider_v the_o infinite_a number_n of_o plead_n in_o the_o age_n we_o speak_v of_o viz._n for_o some_o few_o instance_n that_o a._n b._n hold_v of_o c._n d._n of_o his_o manor_n of_o e._n by_o pay_v 10_o s._n rent_n or_o one_o bow_n and_o arrow_n or_o one_o horse_n or_o the_o like_a pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la or_o hold_v of_o the_o honour_n or_o castle_n of_o d._n to_o find_v one_o or_o more_o man_n bene_fw-la paratos_fw-la cum_fw-la armis_fw-la to_o defend_v such_o a_o postern-gate_n or_o such_o a_o chamber_n there_o when_o summon_v by_o the_o great_a lord_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la but_o to_o charge_v they_o without_o their_o assent_n further_o be_v to_o overthrow_v the_o very_a salvo_n in_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o run_v thus_o salvae_fw-la sint_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la templariis_fw-la hospitalariis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la personis_fw-la quam_fw-la secularibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la quas_fw-la prius_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la if_o king_n john_n charter_n in_o the_o particular_a of_o which_o our_o dispute_n be_v introduce_v a_o new_a law_n than_o we_o must_v examine_v only_o what_o custom_n or_o practice_n follow_v upon_o it_o or_o who_o make_v the_o common_a or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n from_o that_o time_n to_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3._o that_o be_v be_v of_o right_a to_o come_v or_o to_o have_v notice_n of_o the_o council_n sit_v juxta_fw-la tenorem_fw-la magnae_fw-la cartae_fw-la suae_fw-la as_o be_v insist_v upon_o in_o the_o 39th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3._o as_o above_o mention_v that_o they_o be_v more_o than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o make_v the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o record_n of_o the_o 38th_o of_o this_o king_n henry_n where_o two_o for_o every_o county_n beside_o tenant_n in_o chief_a be_v summon_v be_v enough_o to_o evince_v we_o there_o find_v writ_n to_o all_o the_o sheriff_n of_o england_n to_o summon_v the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o chief_a the_o omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la as_o in_o k._n john_n charter_n and_o two_o more_o to_o be_v choose_v by_o every_o county_n respective_o 860._o the_o precept_n recite_v though_o it_o be_v falsum_fw-la &_o deceptorium_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o earl_n baron_n &_o caeteri_fw-la magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la have_v promise_v to_o be_v at_o london_n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n to_o go_v towards_o portsmouth_n in_o order_n to_o pass_v the_o sea_n with_o the_o king_n for_o gascony_n against_o the_o french_a king_n who_o then_o be_v in_o war_n with_o king_n henry_n mandamus_fw-la say_v the_o record_n quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illos_fw-la de_fw-la balliuâ_fw-la tuâ_fw-la dorso_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la viginti_fw-la libratas_fw-la terrae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la aliis_fw-la qui_fw-la sunt_fw-la infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la &_o in_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la ad_fw-la idem_fw-la distringas_fw-la which_o be_v to_o perform_v their_o personal_a service_n which_o not_o require_v their_o cross_v the_o sea_n here_o be_v a_o suggestion_n that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o great_a council_n but_o beside_o the_o service_n of_o tenant_n in_o chief_a who_o be_v to_o be_v out_o upon_o their_o charge_n no_o long_o than_o forty_o day_n the_o king_n want_v a_o supply_n of_o money_n to_o maintain_v they_o beyond_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o for_o this_o he_o direct_v a_o representative_a of_o the_o several_a county_n tibi_fw-la districtè_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la praeter_fw-la omnes_fw-la praedictos_fw-la venire_fw-la faciatis_fw-la coram_fw-la concilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la apud_fw-la west_n in_o quind_v paschae_fw-la prox_n fut_fw-fr quatuor_fw-la legales_fw-la &_o discretos_fw-la milites_fw-la de_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la quos_fw-la iidem_fw-la com._n ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la elegerint_fw-la vice_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singulorum_fw-la eorundem_fw-la buck_n viz._n duos_fw-la de_fw-la uno_fw-la com._n &_o duos_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la ad_fw-la provide_v unà_fw-la cum_fw-la militibus_fw-la aliorum_fw-la com._n quos_fw-la ad_fw-la eund_n diem_fw-la vocari_fw-la fecimus_fw-la quale_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o tantâ_fw-la necessitate_v impendere_fw-la voluerint_fw-la these_o be_v to_o come_v vice_n omnium_fw-la &_o singulorum_fw-la instead_o or_o in_o the_o place_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o the_o county_n which_o assert_v their_o personal_a right_n but_o further_o et_fw-la tu_fw-la ipse_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la de_fw-la com._n praed_fw-we necessitatem_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o tam_fw-la urgens_fw-la negotiam_fw-la nostrum_fw-la diligenter_fw-la exponas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la competens_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la impendend_n efficaciter_fw-la inducas_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la praefati_fw-la quatuor_fw-la milites_fw-la

the_o most_o be_v as_o collector_n under_o the_o king_n of_o what_o be_v due_o charge_v upon_o their_o tenant_n but_o general_o i_o take_v it_o they_o do_v no_o more_o than_o certify_v how_o many_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n within_o their_o precinct_n as_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o great_a man_n extend_v its_o self_n within_o such_o a_o compass_n they_o be_v best_a able_a to_o give_v the_o king_n a_o account_n of_o those_o that_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o payment_n within_o that_o ball'ia_n and_o thus_o in_o henry_n the_o second_v time_n dorso_fw-la the_o king_n issue_v out_o his_o precept_n that_o quilibet_fw-la praesul_fw-la et_fw-la baro_n shall_v certify_v quot_fw-la milites_fw-la tenerent_fw-la de_fw-la ipso_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la this_o be_v for_o escuage_z towards_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n daughter_n to_o which_o all_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v liable_a and_o here_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v to_o certify_v for_o the_o resiant_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o their_o leet_n or_o ball'ia_n though_o they_o hold_v not_o of_o they_o but_o of_o the_o king_n upon_o such_o certificate_n according_a to_o the_o number_n they_o return_v so_o many_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o exchequer_n roll_n under_o the_o name_n of_o such_o a_o lord_n and_o thus_o we_o find_v it_o express_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o prior_n of_o coventry_n compertum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o rotulo_n 29_o regis_n h._n tertii_fw-la sub_fw-la titulo_fw-la de_fw-la auxilio_fw-la ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la regis_fw-la maritandam_fw-la scaccario_fw-la viz._n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la scuto_fw-la 20_o s._n contineri_fw-la sic_fw-la prio_fw-la de_fw-fr coventry_n reddit_fw-la compotum_fw-la de_fw-la 10_o l._n de_fw-fr decem_fw-la feodis_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la quidem_fw-la decem_fw-la libr_fw-la ’_o willi_n ’_o tunstall_n vic._n dicti_fw-la comitatus_fw-la in_o compoto_fw-la svo_fw-la de_fw-la anno_fw-la 32_o ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la h._n oneratus_fw-la fuit_fw-la here_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n be_v enter_v under_o the_o prior_n name_n but_o the_o sheriff_n collect_v for_o they_o upon_o this_o the_o prior_n plead_v hoc_fw-la ei_fw-la non_fw-la prejudicate_v in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la dicit_fw-la enim_fw-la quod_fw-la auxilia_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la nec_fw-la censeri_fw-la possunt_fw-la esse_fw-la servitia_fw-la imò_fw-la quaedam_fw-la subsidia_fw-la per_fw-la magnates_fw-la et_fw-la communitatem_fw-la régni_fw-la spontaneâ_fw-la et_fw-la merâ_fw-la voluntate_fw-la regi_fw-la concessa_fw-la et_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-fr tenentibus_fw-la aliorum_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la de_fw-fr domino_fw-la rege_fw-la levanda_fw-la it_o be_v observable_a the_o ground_n of_o demand_v for_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n be_v the_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o 29_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d._n and_o he_o plead_v that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o coumunitas_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v party_n to_o the_o grant_n and_o that_o it_o be_v charge_v by_o and_o lay_v upon_o more_o than_o tenant_n of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a but_o that_o he_o be_v chargeable_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o aid_n or_o service_n with_o but_o two_o knight_n fee_n which_o he_o say_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o certificate_n of_o the_o then_o prior_n de_fw-fr feodis_fw-la quae_fw-la ipse_fw-la tunc_fw-la prio_fw-la tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la veteri_fw-la feoffamento_fw-la that_o be_v the_o number_n of_o knight_n with_o which_o he_o be_v to_o serve_v according_a to_o the_o first_o infeodation_n from_o the_o crown_n &_o de_fw-fr novo_fw-la which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o knight_n fee_n raise_v under_o he_o by_o sub-infeodations_a the_o first_o be_v all_o that_o he_o can_v be_v answerable_a for_o but_o the_o second_o can_v not_o be_v charge_v without_o their_o own_o consent_n the_o charge_n upon_o such_o be_v quaedam_fw-la subsidia_fw-la per_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la spontaneâ_fw-la &_o merâ_fw-la voluntate_fw-la regi_fw-la concessa_fw-la and_o thus_o we_o find_v the_o record_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v answerable_a no_o far_o than_o according_a to_o the_o vetus_fw-la feoffamentum_fw-la so_o in_o the_o 26_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d._a scaccario_n the_o sheriff_n be_v require_v to_o show_v cause_n why_o he_o distrain_v a_o man_n for_o two_o knight_n fee_n who_o plead_v that_o he_o hold_v but_o one_o de_fw-fr veteri_fw-la feoffamento_fw-la monstravit_fw-la etc._n etc._n quod_fw-la cum_fw-la non_fw-la teneat_fw-la de_fw-fr veteri_fw-la feoffamento_fw-la nisi_fw-la feod_fw-la unius_fw-la militis_fw-la in_o comitate_fw-la tuo_fw-la tu_fw-la exig_n etc._n etc._n quantum_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la feod_fw-la duorum_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o eâ_fw-la occatione_n averia_fw-la sua_fw-la cepisti_fw-la etc._n etc._n 2._o that_o lord_n of_o manor_n can_v not_o charge_v their_o tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la &_o liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la de_fw-la episcopatu_fw-la lond._n 3._o recite_v the_o great_a debt_n which_o the_o bishop_n have_v contract_v in_o the_o king_n service_n the_o king_n earnest_o entreat_v the_o bishop_n tenant_n to_o make_v a_o contribution_n towards_o the_o supply_n of_o his_o necessity_n which_o sure_o need_v never_o have_v be_v if_o the_o bishop_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n power_n of_o charge_v his_o tenant_n or_o raise_v upon_o they_o what_o he_o have_v please_v unde_fw-la vos_fw-la affectuosè_fw-la rogamus_fw-la quatenus_fw-la amoris_fw-la nostri_fw-la intuitu_fw-la efficax_n ei_fw-la faciatis_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la debita_fw-la sua_fw-la quibus_fw-la pro_fw-la favore_fw-la nostro_fw-la honoratus_fw-la est_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la exaudita_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la prece_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la precibus_fw-la vestris_fw-la pro_fw-la loco_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la nobis_fw-la porrigendis_fw-la aures_fw-la benignas_fw-la exhibere_fw-la debeamus_fw-la 3._o when_o there_o be_v a_o grant_n of_o more_o than_o from_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n who_o grant_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o service_n 6._o if_o it_o reach_v beyond_o the_o vetus_fw-la feoffamentum_fw-la it_o be_v spontanea_fw-la voluntate_fw-la suâ_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la 2._o but_o there_o be_v a_o knock_a record_n which_o i_o wonder_v i_o find_v no_o where_o insist_v upon_o to_o prove_v the_o king_n tenant_n to_o charge_v other_o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la arch._n episc_n 3._o abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontaneâ_fw-la voluntate_fw-la suâ_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la concess_n nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n undeprovisum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la praed_fw-we auxilium_fw-la here_o be_v a_o grant_n only_o from_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o other_o record_n explain_v this_o show_v that_o the_o grant_v reach_v to_o the_o novum_fw-la feoffamentum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o the_o vetus_fw-la but_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o i_o make_v a_o argument_n for_o they_o which_o they_o be_v wise_a than_o to_o offer_v since_o the_o record_n of_o this_o very_o clear_o overthrow_v it_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v no_o better_o i_o may_v offer_v this_o that_o they_o may_v cultivate_v and_o improve_v it_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o take_v it_o be_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v by_o themselves_o a_o charge_n upon_o the_o vetus_fw-la feoffamentum_fw-la and_o the_o record_n which_o mention_n their_o grant_n go_v no_o far_o but_o another_o record_n of_o a_o grant_n from_o ecclesiastic_a tenant_n in_o chief_a be_v more_o express_a and_o explain_v the_o other_o cum_fw-la peteremus_fw-la à_fw-la praelatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la auxilium_fw-la facerent_fw-la 3._o pro_fw-la magnâ_fw-la necessitate_v nostrâ_fw-la de_fw-la quâ_fw-la eye_n constabat_fw-la viz._n epis_n abbatibus_fw-la abbissis_n grant_v prioribus_fw-la &_o priorissis_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la liberaliter_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la auxilium_fw-la tale_n viz._n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la suorum_fw-la 40_o s._n de_fw-fr tot_fw-la feodis_fw-la de_fw-la quot_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenentur_fw-la nobis_fw-la respondere_fw-la quando_fw-la nobis_fw-la faciunt_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la this_o be_v express_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v only_o for_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n as_o be_v of_o the_o vetus_fw-la feoffamentum_fw-la that_o be_v so_o many_o as_o they_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o when_o they_o be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o whereas_o in_o the_o 19_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v such_o a_o grant_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v a_o grant_n which_o reach_v to_o the_o tenant_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la feoffamento_fw-la the_o record_n mention_v that_o show_v we_o that_o more_o than_o tenant_n be_v party_n to_o the_o grant_n rex_fw-la vic._n summer_n b._n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la spontaneâ_fw-la voluntate_fw-la suâ_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la

particular_a exclusion_n 2._o beside_o 590._o we_o have_v some_o good_a testimany_n of_o baron_n be_v distinguish_v by_o hold_v in_o chief_a from_o other_o that_o hold_v not_o in_o chief_a long_o before_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o the_o time_n to_o which_o that_o ancient_a author_n refer_v the_o law_n of_o alteration_n which_o seem_v to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v then_o baron_n by_o writ_n only_o as_o well_o as_o ancient_a baron_n by_o tenure_n that_o testimony_n in_o mat._n paris_n rex_fw-la edicto_fw-la publicè_fw-la proposito_fw-la say_v he_o speak_v of_o the_o 29_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o et_fw-la submonitione_fw-la generaliter_fw-la facto_fw-la fecit_fw-la notificari_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la ut_fw-la quilibet_fw-la baro._n tenens_fw-la ex_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la haberet_fw-la prompta_fw-la &_o parata_fw-la regali_fw-la praecepto_fw-la omne_fw-la servitia_fw-la militaria_fw-la quae_fw-la ei_fw-la debentur_fw-la tam_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o abbates_n quam_fw-la laici_fw-la barones_n baron_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v mention_v here_o as_o if_o some_o hold_v not_o so_o paginis_fw-la which_o must_v be_v such_o as_o be_v baron_n by_o writ_n only_o thus_o much_o he_o yield_v here_o if_o there_o be_v not_o baron_n by_o writ_n there_o be_v in_o those_o time_n other_o baron_n beside_o baron_n by_o tenure_n mr._n camden_n and_o his_o author_n be_v in_o the_o right_n and_o the_o word_n baro_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n that_o be_v reach_v to_o every_o freeholder_n who_o according_a to_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n have_v that_o appellation_n however_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v because_o there_o be_v other_o baron_n beside_o baron_n by_o tenure_n that_o they_o must_v be_v by_o writ_n for_o what_o hinder_v but_o that_o they_o may_v have_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o possession_n and_o the_o free_a from_o feudall_a tenure_n so_o much_o the_o rather_o barones_n as_o freeman_n the_o distinction_n of_o barones_n majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la i_o take_v it_o have_v be_v movable_a sometime_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o chief_a be_v majores_fw-la as_o in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n where_o the_o barones_n secundae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la that_o be_v minores_fw-la be_v add_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o judgement_n with_o the_o tenant_n in_o chief_a in_o king_n john_n time_n we_o find_v majores_fw-la barones_n hold_v in_o chief_a &_o alios_fw-la so_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n be_v parcel_v out_o some_o that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n be_v minores_fw-la barones_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o this_o be_v clear_a from_o record_n that_o writ_n of_o special_a summons_n make_v none_o baron_n out_o of_o parliament_n whatever_o they_o do_v in_o parliament_n except_o where_o there_o be_v such_o a_o unusual_a clause_n as_o we_o find_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o summons_n 27_o h._n 6._o volumus_fw-la enim_fw-la vos_fw-la &_o haeredes_fw-la vestros_fw-la masculos_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la vestro_fw-la legitimè_fw-la exeuntes_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la vescey_n existere_fw-la dorso_fw-la here_o be_v a_o special_a clause_n of_o creation_n to_o a_o barony_n but_o if_o the_o usual_a writ_n quatenus_fw-la writ_n of_o summons_n make_v none_o baron_n out_o of_o parliament_n and_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n of_o conjecture_n that_o such_o writ_n be_v devise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o it_o follow_v that_o when_o henry_n the_o three_o summon_v only_o his_o own_o tenant_n to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n not_o to_o parliament_n and_o these_o be_v barones_n tenentes_fw-la in_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o there_o be_v other_o baron_n omit_v that_o these_o baron_n must_v have_v be_v such_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o freehold_n that_o a_o usual_a writ_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n make_v none_o baron_n out_o of_o parliament_n appear_v very_o full_o in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n de_fw-fr furnivall_n in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n thomas_n de_fw-fr furnivall_n have_v be_v amerce_v tanquam_fw-la baro._n scaccario_n he_o plead_v in_o discharge_n of_o his_o amercement_n that_o he_o be_v no_o baron_n nor_o hold_v by_o barony_n or_o part_n of_o a_o barony_n licet_fw-la ipse_fw-la baro_n non_fw-la sit_fw-la nec_fw-la terram_fw-la svam_fw-la per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la vel_fw-la partem_fw-la baroniae_fw-la teneat_fw-la nihilominus_fw-la idem_fw-la thomas_n pro_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la defaltis_n in_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la curiis_fw-la exonerando_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o eisdem_fw-la curiis_fw-la tanquam_fw-la baro_n amerciatus_fw-la fuit_fw-la now_o according_a to_o mr._n selden_n notion_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v plead_v that_o he_o be_v no_o baron_n in_o that_o he_o neither_o hold_v by_o barony_n nor_o have_v receive_v or_o use_v to_o receive_v special_a writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o only_a matter_n put_v in_o issue_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n be_v whether_o he_o hold_v by_o barony_n or_o no_o et_fw-la quia_fw-la barones_n ante_fw-la quam_fw-la ulterius_fw-la etc._n etc._n volunt_fw-la certiorari_fw-la super_fw-la superius_fw-la suggestis_fw-la concordatum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la inquiratur_fw-la inde_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la robertus_fw-la de_fw-la nottingham_n rememerator_fw-la huius_fw-la scaccarii_fw-la assignetur_fw-la ad_fw-la capiend_n ’_o inde_fw-la inquis_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la datus_fw-la &_o dies_fw-la prefato_fw-la thom._n per_fw-la attornatum_fw-la suum_fw-la breed_fw-mi hic_fw-la à_fw-la die_v pasche_n in_o unum_fw-la mensem_fw-la ad_fw-la audiend_n &_o reccipiend_n inde_fw-la quod_fw-la cur._n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o inquisition_n direct_v into_o the_o several_a county_n where_o he_o have_v land_n to_o know_v how_o he_o hold_v they_o and_o according_a as_o his_o tenure_n appear_v to_o be_v be_v he_o to_o receive_v judgement_n upon_o his_o plea_n and_o it_o be_v certify_v upon_o the_o inquisition_n take_v that_o he_o hold_v not_o any_o land_n per_fw-la baronium_n vel_fw-la partem_fw-la baroniae_fw-la and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o whole_a court_n though_o we_o find_v not_o the_o judgement_n then_o give_v non_fw-la fuit_fw-la baro._n and_o yet_o this_o man_n have_v be_v call_v to_o thirty_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n of_o his_o plea_n and_o his_o son_n as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v call_v to_o seven_o in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o father_n thomas_n de_fw-fr furnivall_n sen._n summonitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la ad_fw-la parl_n ’_o rot._n claus_n 23_o ed._n 1._o m._n 9_o dorso_fw-la rot._n claus_n 23_o ed._n 1._o m._n 3._o d._n 24._o ed._n 1._o m._n 7._o d_o 25._o m._n 25._o d._n 27._o m._n 18._o d._n 28._o m._n 16_o 17._o d._n 28._o m._n 2_o 3._o d._n 30._o m._n 7._o d._n 32._o m._n 2._o d._n 33._o m._n 21._o d._n 34._o m._n 2._o d._n 35._o m._n 13._o d._n rot._n claus_n 1_o ed._n 2._o m._n 19_o d._n 1._o m._n 11._o d._n 1._o m._n 8._o d._n 2._o m._n 11._o d._n 3._o m._n 17._o d._n 3._o m._n 16._o d._n 5._o m._n 17._o d._n 5._o m._n 3._o d._n 6._o m._n 31._o d._n 6._o m._n 17._o d._n 6._o m._n 2._o d._n 7._o m._n 15._o d._n 8._o m._n 25._o d._n 8._o m._n 29._o d._n 9_o m._n 22._o d._n 11._o m._n 14._o d._n 11._o m._n 12._o d._n 11._o m._n 8._o d._n thomas_n de_fw-fr furnival_n jun._n rot._n claus_n 12._o d._n 2._o m._n 29._o d._n 12._o m._n 11._o d._n 13._o m._n 13._o d._n 14._o m._n 23._o d._n 15._o m._n d._n 16._o m._n 26._o d._n 17._o m._n 27._o d._n this_o great_a man_n be_v no_o baron_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n baron_fw-fr then_o appropriate_v the_o several_a writ_n of_o summons_n have_v make_v he_o no_o baron_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v a_o lord_n of_o parliament_n and_o since_o the_o king_n dignatus_fw-la est_fw-la brevia_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la dirigere_fw-la according_a to_o mr._n camden_n he_o be_v before_o one_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o baron_n the_o word_n baro_n which_o be_v applicable_a to_o all_o the_o nobility_n the_o freeholders_n in_o he_o pertinebat_fw-la ad_fw-la summum_fw-la honorem_fw-la mr._n selden_n last_o objection_n be_v this_o 3._o that_o old_a author_n also_o use_v by_o the_o learned_a camden_n 590._o speak_v of_o earl_n no_o otherwise_o than_o of_o baron_n as_o if_o some_o like_a exclusion_n have_v be_v of_o any_o of_o they_o also_o than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o advers._fw-la to_o the_o know_a truth_n both_o of_o that_o age_n and_o all_o time_n and_o even_o in_o that_o we_o have_v some_o character_n of_o the_o slightness_n of_o his_o authority_n whosoever_o he_o be_v this_o i_o conceive_v can_v be_v of_o no_o great_a weight_n for_o he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v say_v that_o baron_n be_v never_o exclude_v before_o and_o by_o the_o same_o consequence_n not_o then_o for_o i_o know_v not_o how_o any_o man_n can_v prove_v that_o earl_n have_v more_o right_o than_o baron_n in_o the_o most_o honourable_a acceptation_n especial_o but_o this_o be_v then_o make_v a_o law_n it_o

be_v not_o improbable_a that_o the_o disposition_n of_o this_o honour_n of_o receive_v particular_a writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n may_v have_v be_v lodge_v in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o king_n who_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o honour_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o earl_n but_o he_o that_o just_o forfeit_v the_o king_n favour_n will_v have_v be_v deny_v it_o however_o he_o be_v deprive_v of_o no_o natural_a right_n since_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o indeed_o the_o nobility_n have_v have_v settle_a right_n by_o patent_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o constant_a warrant_n for_o the_o chancellor_n to_o issue_v out_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n exit_fw-la debito_fw-la justitiae_fw-la with_o this_o agree_v the_o great_a antiquary_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n sic_fw-la antiquae_fw-la illa_fw-la baronum_fw-la dignitas_fw-la secessit_fw-la in_o titularem_fw-la &_o arbitrariam_fw-la regioque_fw-la baro._n tandem_fw-la diplomate_v id_fw-la circo_fw-la dispensata_fw-la est_fw-la upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o separate_a court_n of_o tenant_n the_o tenant_n still_o succeed_v to_o that_o jurisdiction_n and_o preference_n in_o the_o way_n of_o be_v call_v to_o the_o great_a court_n which_o they_o have_v in_o and_o to_o the_o less_o without_o such_o a_o provision_n as_o mr._n camden_n take_v notice_n of_o i_o will_v grant_v that_o the_o majores_fw-la barones_n hold_v in_o chief_a johannis_n ex_fw-la debito_fw-la justitiae_fw-la will_v have_v have_v right_a to_o special_a summons_n but_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n have_v the_o same_o right_n to_o a_o general_a summons_n and_o the_o right_n of_o be_v represent_v as_o proper_o conclude_v the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o unless_o where_o the_o king_n have_v exert_v his_o prerogative_n but_o where_o the_o king_n ex_fw-la tantâ_fw-la multitudine_fw-la baronum_fw-la differ_v in_o their_o circumstance_n some_o hold_v of_o he_o immediate_o other_o of_o measn_a lord_n and_o his_o very_a tenant_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o different_a class_n of_o majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la advance_v some_o to_o be_v of_o his_o particular_a council_n in_o parliament_n this_o with_o submission_n i_o take_v it_o make_v they_o not_o judge_n in_o parliament_n eonomine_fw-la because_o a_o court_n may_v amerce_v its_o own_o member_n but_o count_n and_o baron_n by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o amerceable_a but_o by_o their_o peer_n and_o therefore_o none_o but_o their_o peer_n can_v without_o their_o own_o consent_n be_v of_o the_o court_n with_o they_o which_o though_o they_o may_v be_v with_o consent_n as_o to_o all_o act_n among_o themselves_o still_o it_o will_v be_v a_o question_n how_o far_o they_o may_v without_o particular_a patent_n or_o writ_n create_v they_o to_o such_o honour_n act_n in_o that_o station_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o other_o that_o special_a summons_n to_o parliament_n without_o a_o seat_n there_o grant_v and_o settle_v by_o the_o king_n give_v no_o man_n vote_n among_o those_o who_o now_o have_v right_o to_o such_o summons_n appear_v in_o that_o the_o judge_n and_o master_n in_o chancery_n have_v have_v the_o same_o writ_n with_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o be_v and_o have_v be_v but_o assistant_n to_o they_o no_o member_n of_o their_o house_n the_o great_a tenant_n in_o chief_a and_o other_o in_o equal_a circumstance_n be_v pares_fw-la to_o one_o another_o and_o if_o such_o a_o one_o be_v choose_v knight_n of_o a_o shire_n though_o the_o lord_n coke_n say_v instit_n the_o king_n can_v not_o grant_v a_o writ_n to_o supersede_n his_o come_n that_o be_v so_o choose_v because_o it_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n yet_o he_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o that_o ordinary_o will_v be_v special_o summon_v the_o king_n may_v supersede_n it_o and_o thus_o we_o find_v even_o before_o any_o settle_a right_n by_o patent_n rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la surria_n salutem_fw-la 32._o quia_fw-la ut_fw-la accepimus_fw-la tu_fw-la thomam_fw-la camoy_v chivaler_n qui_fw-la banneretus_fw-la est_fw-la sicut_fw-la quam_fw-la plures_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la extiterint_fw-la ad_fw-la essendum_fw-la ●609_n unum_n militum_fw-la venientium_fw-la ad_fw-la proximum_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la coommunitate_fw-la comitatus_fw-la praedicti_fw-la de_fw-la assensu_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la comitatus_fw-la elegisti_fw-la nos_fw-la advertentes_fw-la quod_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la banneretti_n ante_fw-la haec_fw-la tempora_fw-la in_o milites_fw-la comitatus_fw-la ratione_fw-la alicujus_fw-la parlamenti_fw-la eligi_fw-la minimè_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la ipsum_fw-la de_fw-la officio_fw-la militis_fw-la ad_fw-la dictum_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la come_v ’_o predict_v venturi_fw-la exonerari_fw-la volumus_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o tenant_n in_o chief_a oreorum_fw-la pares_fw-la werce_v call_v by_o special_a writ_n they_o very_o proper_o exercise_v the_o same_o jurisdiction_n which_o tenant_n do_v before_o in_o their_o separate_a court_n in_o the_o 5_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o many_o have_v refuse_v attendance_n and_o not_o own_v themselves_o liable_a to_o amercement_n because_o of_o absence_n if_o tenure_n lay_v not_o a_o special_a obligation_n upon_o they_o come_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o make_v it_o penal_a to_o refuse_v or_o rather_o delares_fw-la that_o the_o law_n be_v so_o of_o old_a all_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n 1381._o which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v the_o summons_n of_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o henceforth_o to_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o every_o person_n of_o the_o same_o realm_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v the_o say_a summons_n be_v he_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z prior_n duke_n earl_n baron_n banneret_n knight_n of_o the_o shire_n citizen_n of_o city_n burgeis_n of_o burgh_n or_o other_o singular_a person_n or_o commonalty_n do_v absent_a himself_o and_o come_v not_o at_o the_o say_a summons_n except_o he_o may_v reasonable_o and_o honest_o excuse_v himself_o to_o our_o say_a sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o otherwise_o punish_v as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o the_o say_a case_n this_o show_v that_o of_o old_a time_n they_o who_o be_v summon_v by_o the_o king_n or_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n aught_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n but_o this_o be_v before_o any_o patent_n or_o write_v of_o creation_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o peer_n and_o to_o a_o seat_n in_o parliament_n suppose_v no_o obligation_n upon_o the_o king_n to_o give_v any_o special_a summons_n indeed_o where_o he_o have_v grant_v charter_n of_o exemption_n from_o common_a summons_n there_o he_o have_v oblige_v himself_o if_o he_o will_v have_v they_o oblige_v by_o what_o pass_v to_o give_v special_a summons_n be_v it_o not_o that_o they_o may_v have_v be_v choose_v in_o the_o county_n particular_o which_o alter_v the_o case_n from_o what_o it_o be_v if_o every_o body_n come_v or_o may_v come_v in_o their_o own_o person_n some_o by_o special_a other_o by_o general_a summon_n but_o this_o exemption_n and_o particular_a summon_n after_n it_o make_v none_o peer_n that_o they_o find_v not_o so_o but_o they_o that_o come_v be_v to_o come_v as_o they_o be_v bind_v and_o insuch_o manner_n as_o have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a which_o be_v pregnant_a with_o a_o negative_a as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o such_o manner_n and_o no_o other_o manner_n quality_n or_o degree_n and_o thus_o they_o use_v that_o to_o come_v as_o assistant_n to_o the_o lord_n continue_v even_o at_o this_o day_n to_o come_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n 251._o and_o no_o otherwise_o notwithstanding_o particular_a writ_n of_o summon_n eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la as_o to_z the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n this_o be_v further_a observable_a etc._n that_o in_o the_o forecited_a statute_n and_o record_n banneret_n be_v speak_v of_o as_o above_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o these_o be_v certain_o some_o of_o the_o pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la which_o often_o occur_v to_o we_o if_o these_o receive_v their_o summons_n to_o parliament_n it_o seem_v as_o it_o have_v be_v of_o old_a accustom_a they_o be_v to_o have_v voice_n with_o the_o baron_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o which_o hold_v by_o barony_n and_o their_o peer_n pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la be_v by_o the_o law_n exempt_v from_o be_v of_o common_a jury_n because_o they_o be_v lord_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v to_o come_v of_o course_n and_o right_a 53._o to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answerer_v that_o be_v a_o privilege_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o fellow_n subject_n to_o be_v own_a by_o they_o as_o be_v in_o common_a intendment_n likely_a to_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o so_o account_v by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n but_o what_o do_v this_o signify_v to_o bind_v the_o king_n who_o be_v above_o the_o reach_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n unless_o

particular_o name_v but_o for_o this_o a_o resolution_n by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n the_o 8_o be_v a_o full_a authority_n where_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o king_n may_v hold_v his_o parliament_n without_o such_o lord_n as_o come_v only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o possession_n case_n the_o same_o in_o effect_n mr._n selden_n tell_v we_o eadm_n in_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o eadmerus_n neque_fw-la eos_fw-la speak_v of_o barones_n duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la significare_fw-la quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la universos_fw-la qui_fw-la saltem_fw-la beatiores_fw-la regius_fw-la munificentia_fw-la etc._n etc._n latifundia_fw-la possidebant_fw-la so_o that_o he_o be_v of_o opinion_n here_o that_o there_o be_v several_a who_o have_v great_a estate_n of_o the_o immediate_a grant_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o yet_o have_v no_o seat_n in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o assert_v any_o thing_n dogmatical_o i_o only_o offer_v by_o way_n of_o learning_n some_o thing_n which_o perhaps_o will_v be_v look_v on_o as_o paradox_n at_o the_o least_o i_o divide_v not_o my_o matter_n into_o head_n and_o position_n because_o i_o run_v counter_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o many_o great_a name_n and_o the_o direct_a oppose_v such_o in_o thesi_fw-la will_v be_v invidious_a and_o gain_v a_o disadvantage_n to_o the_o authority_n i_o produce_v if_o any_o body_n will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o show_v i_o by_o authentic_a proof_n and_o warrantable_a reason_n that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o record_n or_o history_n by_o i_o cite_v or_o other_o not_o occur_v to_o i_o aught_o to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o sense_n contrary_a to_o what_o have_v appear_v to_o i_o i_o shall_v thankful_o receive_v and_o acknowledge_v his_o instruction_n but_o till_o then_o i_o must_v crave_v pardon_n if_o i_o can_v swallow_v or_o digest_v any_o learned_a modern_a antiquarie_n bare_a ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la where_o i_o find_v the_o best_a of_o our_o historian_n and_o a_o series_n of_o record_n in_o my_o judgement_n diametrical_o oppose_v and_o contradict_v their_o position_n and_o assertion_n i_o be_o aware_a that_o beside_o the_o many_o slip_n of_o a_o hasty_a pen_n and_o the_o weakness_n perhaps_o of_o several_a of_o the_o inference_n which_o among_o some_o avocation_n may_v have_v pass_v neglect_v there_o be_v a_o material_a objection_n against_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v the_o general_a agreement_n of_o record_n and_o history_n that_o till_o the_o 48th_o or_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o all_o proprietor_n of_o land_n come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n without_o any_o settle_a exclusion_n when_o yet_o we_o many_o time_n find_v that_o the_o council_n be_v hold_v in_o church_n or_o hall_n and_o yet_o at_o those_o time_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o populus_fw-la be_v there_o as_o if_o the_o great_a man_n be_v the_o stand_v representative_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o answer_v for_o all_o the_o people_n the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v according_a to_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la synodos_fw-la which_o i_o may_v apply_v to_o the_o civil_a council_n that_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la 1._o or_o bonae_fw-la conversationis_fw-la come_v sometime_o in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o when_o they_o agree_v to_o it_o which_o be_v no_o abridgement_n of_o their_o personal_a right_n they_o come_v by_o representation_n ex_fw-la electione_n and_o every_o one_o be_v there_o himself_o virtual_o by_o his_o deputy_n but_o they_o often_o meet_v in_o vast_a body_n and_o in_o capacious_a place_n both_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o after_o william_n the_o first_o obtain_v the_o imperial_a crown_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o proprietor_n be_v assemble_v at_o runeme_v between_o stanes_n and_o windsor_n at_o the_o pass_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o if_o we_o believe_v matth._n westminster_n 1215._o it_o be_v not_o unusual_a for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n long_o before_o king_n john_n time_n at_o that_o very_a place_n to_o meet_v their_o people_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n maximus_fw-la tractatus_fw-la habebatur_fw-la inter_fw-la regem_fw-la et_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la pace_fw-la regni_fw-la inter_fw-la stanes_n &_o windsoram_n in_o prato_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la runeme_v quod_fw-la interpretatur_fw-la pratum_fw-la concilii_fw-la eö_o quod_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la ibi_fw-la de_fw-la pace_fw-la regni_fw-la saepius_fw-la consilia_fw-la tractabantur_fw-la this_o show_v the_o usual_a place_n of_o assemble_v to_o have_v be_v large_a enough_o for_o all_o the_o people_n which_o be_v in_o so_o many_o record_n and_o history_n print_v and_o in_o manuscript_n say_v to_o have_v be_v present_a at_o the_o great_a or_o general_a council_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o one_o instance_n of_o the_o party_n present_v at_o such_o a_o council_n which_o be_v deliver_v with_o sufficient_a perspicuity_n anselm_n in_o one_o of_o his_o dispute_n with_o henry_n the_o first_o 70._o desire_v the_o debate_n may_v be_v adjourn_v till_o the_o easter_n follow_v differantur_fw-la haec_fw-la si_fw-la placet_fw-la usqu_fw-la in_fw-la pascha_fw-la ut_fw-la audito_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la regnique_fw-la primatum_fw-la consilio_fw-la qui_fw-la modò_fw-la non_fw-la assunt_fw-la respondeam_fw-la hinc_fw-la upon_o this_o anselm_n come_v to_o the_o court_n at_o easter_n igitur_fw-la in_o pascha_fw-la curiam_fw-la venit_fw-la regni_fw-la ingenuitatem_fw-la praesens_fw-la consulit_fw-la communi_fw-la consilii_fw-la vocem_fw-la accepit_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o council_n episcoporum_fw-la et_fw-la primatum_fw-la to_o which_o he_o refer_v himself_o be_v reciprocal_a with_o the_o ingenuitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ingenuus_n that_o be_v as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n show_v we_o the_o liberi_fw-la et_fw-la legales_fw-la homines_fw-la the_o good_a honest_a freeholder_n some_o of_o which_o be_v no_o better_o than_o plebeians_z and_o therefore_o this_o authority_n alone_o especial_o as_o it_o be_v strengthen_v by_o those_o other_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n which_o i_o have_v cite_v absque_fw-la dolo_fw-la et_fw-la malo_fw-la ingenio_fw-la evince_n to_o i_o that_o he_o or_o they_o who_o put_v out_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n spelman_n glossary_a do_v not_o do_v right_a to_o his_o memory_n in_o represent_v he_o affirm_v that_o the_o plebs_fw-la the_o ingenuitas_fw-la or_o liberi_fw-la et_fw-la legales_fw-la homines_fw-la as_o he_o himself_o tell_v we_o the_o word_n ingenuus_fw-la have_v ancient_o be_v use_v be_v no_o where_o among_o the_o several_a council_n which_o he_o have_v read_v of_o mention_v to_o have_v be_v there_o from_o the_o entrance_n of_o william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o the_o word_n to_o this_o purpose_n which_o i_o conceive_v be_v put_v upon_o he_o be_v these_o sine_fw-la ut_fw-la sodes_fw-la dicam_fw-la collegisse_fw-la i_o centenas_fw-la reor_fw-la comitiorum_fw-la edictiones_fw-la tenoresque_fw-la 1664._o plurimorum_fw-la ab_fw-la ingressu_fw-la gulielmii_fw-la ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la henrici_fw-la 3._o existentium_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o tantâ_fw-la multitudine_fw-la de_fw-la plebe_fw-la uspiam_fw-la reperisse_fw-la aliquid_fw-la indeed_o notice_n be_v take_v of_o those_o council_n where_o be_v optimates_fw-la et_fw-fr barones_n totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o of_o that_o famous_a assembly_n at_o salisbury-plain_a of_o the_o barones_n et_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la militibus_fw-la in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o summons_n of_o william_n the_o first_o the_o positiveness_n of_o the_o assertion_n be_v restrain_v with_o a_o ni_fw-fr in_o his_o dilituerit_n but_o what_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v of_o those_o word_n whereby_o they_o be_v express_o mention_v and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o true_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n i_o be_o not_o yet_o aware_a of_o finis_fw-la errata_fw-la page_n 3._o l._n 16._o r._n tzurick_n for_o tours_n p._n 5._o margin_n r._n contemporaneo_fw-la p._n 8._o l._n 12._o for_o william_n read_v hugh_n p._n 9_o l._n 9_o r._n attendance_n p._n 10._o l._n 7._o add_v laici_fw-la before_o omnes_fw-la p._n 12._o l._n 29._o join_v a_o to_o part_v p._n 17._o l._n 4._o r._n fuerat_fw-la p._n 25._o l_o 6._o add_v est_fw-fr de_fw-fr before_o antiquo_fw-la l._n 7._o deal_n est_fw-fr de_fw-fr p._n 27._o marg_n r._n hil._n for_o mich._n p._n 35._o l._n 3._o add_v è_fw-fr before_o tota_fw-la p._n 40._o l._n 22._o r._n illuc_fw-la l._n 19_o r._n knight_n for_o knight_n p._n 45._o last_v l._n r._n antequam_fw-la p._n 47._o l._n 4._o deal_n comma_n after_o sheriff_n l._n 15._o r._n vias_fw-la l._n 19_o deal_n s_o after_o knight_n p._n 53._o l._n 28._o make_v a_o comma_n after_o king_n title_n l._n 29._o r._n election_n p._n 60._o l._n 28._o add_v be_v after_o that_o p._n 63._o l._n 18._o r._n of_o for_o in_o p._n 64._o l._n 14._o put_v a_o comma_n after_o only_a p._n 65._o l._n 15._o r._n it_o be_v p._n 66._o l._n 7._o put_v a_o comma_n after_o nobility_n l._n 10._o after_o londoner_n make_v a_o comma_n so_o

praefato_fw-la concilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la ad_fw-la praed_fw-we term_n pashae_fw-la respondere_fw-la possint_fw-la super_fw-la praed_fw-we auxil_n pro_fw-la singulis_fw-la comitat._n these_o be_v proper_o to_o come_v in_o the_o stead_n of_o all_o for_o they_o be_v only_a deputy_n to_o carry_v the_o sense_n of_o their_o principal_n the_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v propound_v in_o the_o county_n court_v before_o the_o knight_n there_o choose_v &_o aliis_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeholders_n this_o whole_a assembly_n be_v to_o be_v move_v to_o grant_v a_o large_a contribution_n and_o the_o knight_n be_v to_o make_v the_o tender_a of_o their_o present_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n if_o the_o county_n have_v whole_o refuse_v the_o knight_n have_v no_o power_n then_o to_o grant_v for_o they_o so_o say_v the_o record_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v propound_v to_o all_o ita_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o knight_n may_v answer_v for_o a_o aid_n from_o the_o county_n and_o it_o seem_v whether_o the_o county_n choose_v deputy_n or_o not_o or_o give_v they_o not_o full_a instruction_n the_o king_n be_v not_o able_a to_o work_v upon_o they_o that_o meet_v at_o the_o place_n and_o time_n then_o appoint_v but_o they_o break_v up_o in_o great_a discontent_n et_fw-la sic_fw-la cum_fw-la summa_fw-la indignatione_fw-la tristes_fw-la admodum_fw-la proceres_fw-la recesserunt_fw-la 859._o but_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o chief_a make_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o 49_o h._n 3._o and_o have_v a_o power_n to_o tax_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n de_fw-fr alto_n &_o basso_n ad_fw-la meram_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la svam_fw-la why_o this_o summons_n for_o a_o representative_a of_o the_o county_n the_o very_a next_o year_n be_v the_o 39th_o abovementioned_a the_o king_n solicit_v they_o for_o aid_n they_o tell_v the_o king_n he_o undertake_v that_o war_n against_o france_n 884._o for_o which_o he_o demand_v aid_n sine_fw-la consilio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la and_o when_o some_o be_v for_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n demand_n they_o answer_v that_o all_o be_v not_o call_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n magnae_fw-la cartae_fw-la suae_fw-la that_o be_v of_o this_o king_n great_a charter_n now_o whether_o this_o be_v because_o many_o who_o be_v exempt_v from_o common_a summons_n for_o many_o such_o there_o be_v by_o particular_a charter_n have_v not_o special_a summons_n singulatim_fw-la from_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o that_o he_o put_v a_o representative_a upon_o they_o whereas_o they_o may_v plead_v that_o it_o be_v their_o free_a custom_n to_o come_v themselves_o in_o person_n or_o send_v as_o many_o as_o they_o please_v in_o their_o name_n i_o need_v not_o determine_v it_o be_v enough_o that_o here_o be_v more_o than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o a_o mighty_a argument_n have_v be_v raise_v against_o inferior_a proprietor_n or_o the_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n be_v part_n of_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n upon_o such_o record_n as_o mention_v their_o be_v summon_v coram_fw-la concilio_n and_o in_o effect_n the_o force_n resolve_v into_o this_o they_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o king_n stand_v council_n the_o assistant_n to_o he_o and_o his_o lord_n or_o of_o his_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n and_o officer_n in_o the_o curia_fw-la therefore_o no_o part_n of_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o clear_v this_o i_o need_v offer_v but_o one_o instance_n of_o many_o at_o christmas_n in_o the_o 6_o of_o hen._n the_o 3._o he_o hold_v his_o curia_n at_o oxford_n 3._o but_o it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o curia_fw-la de_fw-fr more_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la 298._o word_n of_o a_o extensive_a sense_n 280._o or_o ad_fw-la natale_fw-la dom._n fuit_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la ubi_fw-la festa_fw-la natalitia_fw-la solemniter_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la celebravit_fw-la we_o have_v a_o record_n of_o a_o subsidy_n grant_v that_o year_n probable_o in_o that_o very_a curia_n coram_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o concilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la arch._n cant._n ep._n com._n &_o magnatibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la voluntate_fw-la 7._o now_o many_o of_o these_o be_v member_n both_o of_o the_o stand_a council_n and_o curia_n too_o and_o yet_o be_v coram_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o concilio_n nostro_fw-la but_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o be_v that_o this_o be_v grant_v either_o before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o stand_a council_n or_o the_o king_n in_o his_o curia_fw-la by_o all_o these_o that_o be_v here_o be_v a_o conjunction_n of_o all_o council_n in_o one_o adunatis_fw-la conciliis_fw-la but_o because_o here_o be_v only_o com._n bar._n &_o magnate_v mention_v as_o if_o here_o be_v not_o any_o but_o great_a lord_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v and_o can_v be_v deny_v by_o any_o antiquary_n that_o freeholder_a and_o they_o that_o come_v from_o the_o county_n as_o the_o representative_n of_o such_o have_v the_o appellation_n of_o magnates_n scaccario_n even_o a_o long_a while_n after_o and_o therefore_o much_o rather_o before_o when_o land_n have_v few_o owner_n the_o owner_n especial_o such_o as_o come_v in_o their_o own_o person_n be_v magnates_n in_o the_o 37_o of_o this_o king_n in_o parliamento_fw-la london_n so_o mat._n westm_n p._n 352._o stapulae_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la r._n comes_fw-la norfolc_n etc._n etc._n caeterique_fw-la magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la consent_v to_o the_o excommunication_n of_o all_o the_o violator_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n rex_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la magnates_fw-la that_o be_v as_o be_v explain_v by_o fleta_n who_o be_v judge_n in_o the_o 16_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la 93._o abbates_n regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la the_o record_n go_v on_o &_o communitas_fw-la populi_fw-la protestantur_fw-la publicè_fw-la in_o praesentiâ_fw-la arch._n cant._n nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o episcoporum_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la colloquio_fw-la existentium_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la test_n &_o in_o posterum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la testimonium_fw-la tam_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la quam_fw-la praed_fw-we comites_fw-la ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la praesentium_fw-la scripto_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apposuerunt_fw-la here_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_fw-la be_v the_o communitas_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n for_o the_o rest_n be_v magnates_n the_o king_n and_o some_o earl_n subscribe_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o rest_n perhaps_o by_o this_o time_n they_o that_o suppose_v the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la within_o king_n john_n charter_n to_o have_v be_v a_o full_a parliament_n or_o great_a council_n till_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o will_v compound_v for_o their_o notion_n and_o will_v yield_v that_o more_o than_o such_o often_o come_v to_o council_n but_o that_o it_o be_v of_o courtesy_n and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n alone_o can_v charge_v the_o rest_n and_o often_o do_v for_o which_o they_o have_v two_o false_a ground_n though_o perhaps_o but_o one_o within_o the_o time_n we_o be_v now_o upon_o yet_o both_o be_v worth_a notice_n 1._o they_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o lord_n use_v to_o answer_v for_o their_o tenant_n in_o benevolence_n out_o of_o parliament_n and_o upon_o this_o weak_a and_o at_o least_o uncertain_a foundation_n they_o build_v the_o supposition_n that_o they_o at_o other_o time_n represent_v they_o in_o all_o great_a and_o public_a council_n 2._o which_o fall_v within_o the_o time_n that_o it_o shall_v seem_v by_o record_n that_o the_o immediate_a tenant_n have_v charge_v other_o without_o their_o consent_n 1._o to_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n answer_v for_o their_o tenant_n they_o run_v back_o as_o far_o as_o william_n the_o second_v reign_v when_o his_o brother_n robert_n send_v to_o he_o to_o borrow_v ten_o thousand_o mark_n of_o silver_n proffer_v normandy_n for_o security_n for_o repayment_n the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o abbess_n break_v in_o piece_n the_o silver_n and_o gold_n ornament_n of_o their_o church_n the_o earl_n baron_n and_o sheriff_n suos_fw-la milites_fw-la spoliaverunt_fw-la that_o be_v rob_v those_o which_o be_v under_o they_o and_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a precedent_n for_o the_o right_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o carry_v sacrilege_n and_o robbery_n in_o the_o face_n of_o it_o here_o the_o sheriff_n rob_v or_o take_v away_o from_o the_o freeholder_n that_o be_v within_o their_o ball'ia_n or_o balliva_n and_o the_o lord_n take_v from_o the_o tenant_n within_o they_o wherefore_o if_o the_o lord_n can_v charge_v their_o tenant_n the_o sheriff_n can_v the_o freeholder_n but_o i_o will_v fain_o see_v one_o precedent_n that_o the_o king_n tenant_n ever_o answer_v for_o they_o that_o be_v within_o their_o ball'ia_n further_o than_o the_o sheriff_n do_v for_o those_o within_o they_o which_o at_o