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civil_a law_n the_o best_a standard_n of_o the_o latin_a language_n must_v acknowl_v that_o there_o be_v mum_o patria_fw-la originis_fw-la as_o well_o as_o incolatû_n &_o domicilii_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v just_o say_v of_o those_o of_o virgina_n and_o other_o english_a plantation_n that_o anglia_fw-it est_fw-la proprie_fw-la illorum_fw-la patria_fw-la and_o general_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o author_n relate_v both_o to_o we_o and_o they_o do_v first_o call_v the_o people_n scoti_n and_o then_o the_o country_n scotia_n but_o still_o the_o more_o ancient_a author_n call_v we_o scoti_n before_o they_o and_o our_o country_n scotia_n before_o they_o as_o to_o the_o citation_n out_o of_o adamnanus_n in_o vita_fw-la columbae_fw-la and_o beda_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o adamnanus_n be_v late_o publish_v by_o a_o irish_a hand_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o marginal_a note_n the_o publisher_n still_o add_v hibernia_n in_o the_o magin_n where_o scotia_n be_v in_o the_o text._n but_o 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of_o hylas_n and_o thereafter_o it_o be_v 26._o call_v scotland_n i_o shall_v cite_v a_o three_o passage_n from_o beda_n where_o speak_v of_o a_o great_a plague_n in_o britain_n he_o add_v 27._o this_o plague_n also_o waste_v ireland_n with_o the_o same_o destruction_n at_o which_o time_n there_o be_v there_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o bishop_n finan_n and_o colman_n have_v leave_v their_o own_o native_a island_n for_o the_o great_a convenience_n either_o of_o divine_a study_n or_o a_o more_o strict_a life_n have_v retire_v thither_o all_o who_o the_o scot_n kind_o entertain_v and_o furnish_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a and_o give_v they_o free_o meat_n and_o book_n to_o read_v and_o learning_n and_o thereafter_o speak_v of_o egbert_n who_o be_v among_o they_o he_o add_v ibid._n that_o he_o be_v a_o good_a example_n to_o his_o own_o nation_n and_o to_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n among_o who_o he_o live_v retire_o by_o which_o passage_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o that_o which_o be_v here_o call_v ireland_n be_v real_o our_o scotland_n first_o because_o it_o be_v say_v they_o come_v from_o england_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o finan_n and_o colman_n who_o be_v our_o countryman_n and_o who_o chief_a residence_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o hylas_n or_o icolm-kill_a from_o which_o they_o come_v which_o do_v then_o and_o do_v still_o belong_v to_o we_o only_o and_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n also_o 109._o confess_v and_o then_o because_o in_o their_o monastic_a life_n it_o be_v say_v they_o reside_v among_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n and_o pertinet_fw-la it_o be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o island_n where_o the_o monastery_n be_v belong_v to_o britain_n but_o for_o further_a clear_v the_o former_a citation_n from_o beda_n i_o shall_v offer_v these_o follow_a consideration_n 1._o that_o beda_n treat_v only_o the_o action_n of_o these_o five_o nation_n that_o do_v inhabit_v britain_n and_o if_o he_o do_v speak_v of_o france_n or_o ireland_n it_o be_v but_o upon_o occasion_n of_o they_o as_o of_o the_o situation_n of_o ireland_n from_o whence_o the_o scot_n come_v or_o of_o some_o monastery_n depend_v upon_o icolm-kill_a which_o perhaps_o be_v situate_v near_o we_o in_o the_o north_n of_o ireland_n and_o therefore_o unless_o all_o these_o passage_n be_v clear_o applicable_a to_o ireland_n they_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o scotland_n 2._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o beda_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o book_n treat_v concern_v the_o scot_n in_o britain_n the_o roman_a war_n with_o they_o and_o palladius_n be_v send_v to_o they_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o book_n mention_v the_o scot_n or_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n possess_v by_o they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o we_o whether_o the_o country_n be_v call_v hibernia_n or_o scotia_n or_o we_o hiberni_n or_o scoti_n especial_o since_o beda_n mention_n a_o king_n call_v aidan_n and_o 152._o we_o have_v a_o king_n of_o that_o name_n in_o that_o time_n which_o the_o irish_a can_v pretend_v beda_n treat_v also_o concern_v the_o abbot_n of_o hylas_n which_o be_v icolm-kill_a as_o be_v clear_a by_o that_o passage_n 10._o where_o he_o say_v columba_n founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o hylas_n venerable_a to_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n which_o by_o a_o compound_a name_n from_o columba_n and_o cell_n be_v call_v icolm-kill_a and_o that_o the_o monk_n send_v from_o this_o monastery_n or_o island_n be_v the_o converter_n of_o the_o north-saxons_a and_o the_o first_o bishop_n of_o lindasfern_n or_o holy-island_n predecessor_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n 3._o he_o make_v frequent_a mention_n of_o little_a island_n which_o never_o do_v belong_v to_o ireland_n but_o to_o sotland_n and_o be_v still_o call_v hebrides_n and_o so_o
as_o the_o chief_a of_o these_o isle_n where_o the_o abbot_n reside_v the_o record_n be_v keep_v and_o the_o king_n be_v bury_v may_v probable_o be_v call_v insula_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la or_o hibernia_n and_o that_o scotia_n may_v be_v the_o ordinary_a name_n to_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n benorth_n the_o river_n of_o clyde_n so_o that_o the_o go_v from_o hiberniâ_fw-la or_o scotiâ_fw-la in_fw-la britanniam_fw-la be_v nothing_o but_o the_o go_n to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o clyde_n 12._o by_o which_o and_o graham's-dyke_n that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o rest_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o distinct_a island_n 4._o the_o great_a controversy_n at_o that_o time_n be_v about_o the_o keep_n of_o easter_n laurentius_n mellitus_n and_o justus_n bishop_n do_v write_v a_o letter_n to_o we_o of_o the_o follow_a tenor._n 14._o laurentius_n mellitus_n and_o justus_n bishop_n servant_n of_o all_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n to_o our_o dear_a brethren_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n through_o all_o scotland_n whileas_o the_o apostolic_a sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n it_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n do_v send_v we_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n unto_o the_o heathen_n in_o these_o western_a part_n and_o that_o it_o happen_v to_o we_o to_o come_v into_o this_o isle_n which_o be_v call_v britain_n we_o hold_v in_o religious_a reverence_n both_o the_o scot_n and_o briton_n believe_v that_o they_o do_v walk_v after_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n but_o after_o we_o have_v know_v the_o briton_n we_o judge_v the_o scot_n to_o be_v the_o better_o mind_v yet_o now_o we_o perceive_v by_o dagamus_n the_o bishop_n who_o be_v come_v hither_o and_o by_o columbanus_n the_o abbot_n in_o france_n that_o the_o scot_n differ_v nothing_o in_o their_o observation_n from_o the_o briton_n for_o dagamus_n be_v here_o refuse_v not_o only_o to_o eat_v with_o we_o but_o even_o to_o stay_v in_o the_o same_o inn_n or_o lodging_n now_o that_o this_o be_v only_o applicable_a to_o we_o and_o not_o to_o the_o scot_n in_o ireland_n the_o subject_n do_v prove_v be_v exhortatory_n letter_n to_o conform_v in_o the_o observation_n of_o easter_n wherein_o the_o british_a scot_n who_o follow_v columba_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a church_n 2._o the_o letter_n be_v write_v to_o the_o scot_n and_o relate_v to_o other_o letter_n write_v to_o the_o briton_n in_o the_o same_o isle_n and_o who_o need_v the_o same_o exhortation_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o usher_n general_o conclude_v that_o where_o the_o scot_n and_o briton_n be_v mention_v in_o conjunction_n by_o scot_n there_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o british_a scot_n 3._o irish_a camerarius_fw-la cite_v georgius_n newton_n who_o about_o the_o year_n 1500_o be_v then_o archdeacon_n of_o dumblain_n do_v write_v the_o act_n of_o that_o church_n and_o relate_v that_o he_o have_v see_v the_o antographum_fw-la of_o that_o letter_n among_o the_o record_n of_o that_o church_n and_o so_o it_o must_v necessary_o have_v be_v write_v to_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n else_o it_o have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o our_o churchman_n and_o at_o dumblain_n i_o can_v produce_v many_o other_o citation_n to_o prove_v scotland_n to_o have_v be_v call_v hibernia_n in_o those_o age_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o add_v to_o these_o unanswerable_a proof_n already_o produce_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a martyrology_n whereinis_fw-la sanetus_fw-la beanus_n be_v design_v episcopus_fw-la aberdoniae_n in_o hibernia_n at_o the_o 16_o of_o december_n to_o which_o vardaeus_fw-la a_o irishman_n in_o vita_fw-la rumoldi_n answer_v that_o there_o may_v have_v be_v a_o place_n in_o ireland_n call_v aberdeen_n because_o aber_n be_v a_o irish_a word_n signify_v a_o marish_a and_o there_o be_v a_o town_n call_v down_n in_o ireland_n situate_v near_o a_o marish_a a_o pretty_a witticism_n indeed_o especial_o as_o he_o propose_v the_o objection_n and_o answer_v the_o same_o as_o you_o may_v see_v upon_o the_o margin_n 380._o but_o to_o take_v off_o all_o debate_n beanus_n be_v name_v in_o our_o chartulary_n as_o well_o as_o history_n as_o the_o first_o bishop_n of_o aberdeen_n and_o the_o mortification_n grant_v to_o he_o by_o our_o king_n malcom_n second_o in_o the_o year_n 1010_o of_o the_o land_n of_o murthlack_a clove_v and_o dounm_v be_v yet_o extant_a and_o his_o tomb_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o aberdeen_n at_o the_o postern_n door_n of_o the_o church_n to_o the_o former_a passage_n i_o must_v also_o add_v that_o albeit_o our_o country_n be_v promiscuous_o call_v scotia_n and_o hibernia_n as_o have_v be_v prove_v yet_o scotia_n even_o in_o that_o time_n be_v the_o more_o frequent_a name_n of_o our_o country_n and_o which_o to_o keep_v close_o to_o beda_n appear_v for_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o isle_n hylas_n to_o which_o the_o former_a citation_n 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he_o upon_o scotum_n have_v reduce_v the_o scot_n to_o their_o marsh_n show_v that_o the_o sylvae_fw-la and_o paludes_n caledonum_n be_v the_o scotorum_fw-la sylvae_fw-la though_o stranger_n in_o those_o ancient_a time_n can_v little_o distinguish_v pict_n from_o scot_n and_o from_o which_o i_o further_o evince_v that_o the_o scot_n before_o the_o year_n 400_o dwell_v in_o in_o scotland_n as_o their_o own_o country_n else_o it_o have_v be_v impertinent_a and_o untrue_a to_o say_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v reduce_v to_o their_o own_o marsh_n have_v thus_o show_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v caledonian_n it_o clear_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o ancient_a author_n who_o write_v of_o the_o caledonii_n prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o therefore_o valerius_n flaccus_n prove_v our_o antiquity_n who_o write_v to_o domitian_n in_o praise_n of_o his_o father_n vespasian_n who_o be_v know_v to_o have_v make_v war_n with_o we_o about_o the_o year_n 70_o after_o christ_n say_v 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very_a broad_a and_o dangerous_a sea_n 4._o though_o people_n come_v once_o or_o twice_o from_o a_o foreign_a nation_n by_o sea_n to_o rob_v and_o pillage_n yet_o it_o be_v against_o sense_n to_o think_v that_o for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n the_o irish_a will_v have_v come_v over_o to_o make_v war_n against_o such_o powerful_a enemy_n and_o return_v once_o a_o year_n and_o it_o apper_n clear_o that_o this_o be_v a_o constant_a war_n from_o before_o julius_n caesar_n time_n for_o above_o 600_o year_n and_o in_o those_o age_n it_o be_v know_v that_o there_o be_v not_o very_o convenient_a mean_n fall_v upon_o for_o transport_v man_n much_o less_o army_n they_o have_v only_a corroughs_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n himself_o acknowledge_v and_o these_o be_v a_o miserable_a little_a kind_n of_o shapeless_a boat_n make_v of_o leather_n stretch_v upon_o timber_n as_o we_o find_v they_o and_o the_o irish_a sea_n describe_v by_o 352._o solinus_n who_o live_v near_o those_o time_n and_o write_v that_o mare_fw-la quod_fw-la juvernam_fw-la &_o britanniam_fw-la interfluit_fw-la undosum_fw-la &_o inquietum_fw-la toto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la nisi_fw-la aestivis_fw-la pauculis_fw-la diebus_fw-la est_fw-la navigabile_fw-la navigant_fw-la autem_fw-la viminiis_fw-la alviis_fw-la quos_fw-la circumdant_fw-la ambitu_fw-la tergorum_fw-la bubulorum_fw-la and_o how_o these_o can_v transport_v a_o army_n every_o year_n to_o fight_v against_o such_o powerful_a enemy_n as_o the_o roman_n and_o briton_n and_o how_o they_o can_v carry_v back_o in_o they_o the_o great_a booty_n worthy_a to_o be_v fight_v for_o especial_o over_o such_o break_a sea_n that_o be_v yet_o terrible_a in_o the_o best_a season_n to_o the_o best_a of_o our_o boat_n and_o the_o stout_a of_o seaman_n be_v leave_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o man_n judicious_a or_o disintere_v in_o any_o measure_n especial_o see_v they_o behove_v to_o return_v in_o the_o wintertime_n for_o it_o be_v presume_v they_o fight_v all_o summer_n and_o even_o then_o they_o have_v not_o the_o choose_n of_o their_o own_o fair_a wether_n but_o have_v just_a reason_n to_o be_v afraid_a that_o they_o will_v be_v chase_v away_o as_o robber_n usual_o be_v and_o as_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n assert_v they_o oftentime_o be_v but_o as_o all_o this_o be_v absurd_a and_o incredible_a according_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n hypothesis_n so_o it_o be_v most_o consistent_a with_o we_o in_o which_o we_o assert_v that_o the_o scot_n settle_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o clyde_n from_o which_o they_o may_v come_v every_o year_n which_o agree_v also_o well_o with_o beda_n saying_n that_o the_o scot_n settle_v ad_fw-la partem_fw-la septentrionalem_fw-la sinus_fw-la acluith_n or_o dumbriton_n a_o narrow_a sea_n and_o call_v one_o part_n of_o the_o mare_n scoticum_n by_o the_o english_a author_n and_o particular_o by_o brit._n holinshed_n and_o initio_fw-la polidore_n as_o by_o our_o 6._o major_n and_o be_v so_o design_v in_o the_o form_n of_o hold_v circuit_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 4_o chap._n of_o the_o law_n of_o king_n malcom_n 2._o and_o by_o 5_o act_n p._n 3._o i._o 2d_o and_o since_o in_o the_o say_a law_n of_o malcom_n 2._o who_o reign_v anno_fw-la 1004._o the_o frith_n of_o forth_o be_v call_v mare_fw-la scotiae_fw-la the_o sea_n of_o scotland_n and_o that_o be_v mention_v as_o a_o law_n in_o old_a observance_n it_o must_v be_v conclude_v that_o this_o country_n where_o we_o live_v be_v call_v scotland_n long_o before_o the_o year_n 1000_o as_o bishop_n usher_n assert_n for_o since_o tacitus_n and_o beda_n say_v that_o we_o be_v enclose_v by_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o wall_n as_o in_o a_o isle_n it_o seem_v that_o this_o be_v call_v the_o sea_n of_o scotland_n then_o it_o be_v our_o march_n at_o that_o time_n nor_o be_v these_o frith_n improper_o call_v sea_n be_v 40_o mile_n broad_a in_o some_o place_n and_o this_o also_o agree_v with_o our_o being_n transmarini_fw-la or_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o word_n use_v in_o the_o say_a statute_n but_o not_o out_o of_o the_o isle_n and_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o the_o visigoth_n shall_v have_v settle_v in_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o ostrogoth_n in_o italy_n short_o after_o they_o have_v make_v their_o inroad_n and_o yet_o we_o shall_v have_v return_v yearly_a for_o above_o 600_o year_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o former_a difficulty_n 4_o the_o scot_n come_v over_o to_o this_o isle_n can_v not_o but_o know_v that_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o it_o be_v very_o rich_a and_o the_o people_n there_o very_o cowardly_a even_o to_o admiration_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n himself_o relate_v from_o all_o their_o historian_n and_o there_o be_v place_n enough_o for_o a_o colony_n of_o they_o in_o this_o isle_n or_o else_o how_o can_v they_o have_v plant_v themselves_o after_o when_o the_o pict_n become_v more_o numerous_a and_o both_o the_o scot_n and_o the_o pict_n have_v 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the_o practice_n of_o other_o but_o from_o sabellicus_n 1._o gliscere_fw-la indy_n id_fw-la malum_fw-la augebatur_fw-la duarum_fw-la gentium_fw-la audaciâ_fw-la apparebatque_fw-la brevi_fw-la totam_fw-la insulam_fw-la alienatam_fw-la iri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la conatibus_fw-la maturé_fw-la iretur_fw-la obviam_fw-la 5._o how_o it_o be_v imaginable_a that_o the_o pict_n find_v themselves_o in_o so_o great_a danger_n from_o the_o roman_n and_o briton_n the_o one_o very_o considerable_a for_o their_o valour_n and_o the_o other_o for_o their_o great_a number_n will_v not_o have_v entreat_v the_o scot_n to_o stay_v constant_o with_o they_o for_o though_o they_o have_v be_v equal_a to_o their_o enemy_n when_o the_o scot_n and_o they_o be_v together_o yet_o they_o can_v not_o be_v but_o much_o more_o inferior_a to_o they_o when_o the_o scot_n leave_v they_o once_o every_o year_n 6._o if_o the_o irish_a have_v constant_o send_v in_o auxiliary_n to_o assist_v against_o the_o roman_n it_o 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