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the_o realm_n of_o england_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o of_o the_o commons_o by_o name_n which_o forasmuch_o as_o neither_o the_o say_v three_o estate_n nor_o the_o person_n which_o deliver_v it_o on_o their_o behalf_n be_v then_o assemble_v in_o form_n of_o parliament_n be_v afterward_o in_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o that_o king_n by_o the_o same_o three_o estate_n assemble_v in_o this_o present_a parliament_n i_o speak_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o act_n itself_o and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o enrol_v record_v and_o approve_v 3_o approve_v an._n speed_v in_o k._n r._n 3_o and_o at_o the_o request_n and_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o this_o realm_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o of_o this_o land_n assemble_v in_o this_o present_a parliament_n and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v pronounce_v decree_v and_o declare_v that_o our_o say_a sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n be_v
together_o with_o berha_n his_o queen_n their_o son_n thalbald_n the_o reverend_a archbishop_n augustine_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n do_v solemnize_v the_o feast_n of_o christ_n nativity_n in_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n and_o do_v there_o cause_n to_o be_v assemble_v on_o the_o 9th_o of_o january_n the_o common_a council_n of_o his_o kingdom_n as_o well_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o lay-subject_a by_o who_o consent_n and_o approbation_n he_o cause_v the_o monastery_n by_o he_o build_v to_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n almighty_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o augustine_n and_o though_o no_o question_n other_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v find_v among_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n yet_o be_v the_o west_n saxon_a kingdom_n do_v in_o fine_a prevail_v and_o unite_v all_o the_o rest_n into_o one_o monarchy_n we_o shall_v apply_v ourselves_o unto_o that_o more_o punctual_o and_o with_o great_a care_n i._o and_o first_o we_o read_v of_o egbert_n who_o first_o unite_v the_o seven_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n under_o the_o common_a name_n of_o england_n that_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v convene_v at_o london_n his_o bishop_n and_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o high_a rank_n pro_fw-la consilio_fw-la capiendo_fw-la adversus_fw-la danicos_fw-la pyratas_fw-la ingulph_n pyratas_fw-la charta_fw-la whitlagii_fw-la mercyorum_fw-la regis_fw-la ap_fw-mi ingulph_n to_o advise_v upon_o some_o course_n against_o the_o danish_a pirate_n who_o infest_a the_o sea-coast_n of_o england_n ii_o another_o parliament_n or_o council_n call_v it_o which_o you_o will_v call_v at_o kingbury_n anno_fw-la 855_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ethelwolph_n the_o son_n of_o egbert_n pro_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la ingulf_n regni_fw-la charta_fw-la bertult_v mer._n regis_n ap_fw-mi ingulf_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o act_n whereof_o be_v ratify_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n iii_o we_o find_v that_o the_o same_o king_n ethelwolph_n in_o a_o parliament_n or_o assembly_n of_o his_o state_n at_o winchester_n anno_fw-la 855._o cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la hist_o principum_fw-la ingulf_n croyland_n hist_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o counsel_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobility_n confirm_v unto_o the_o clergy_n the_o ten_o part_n of_o all_o man_n good_n and_o order_v that_o the_o tithe_n so_o confirm_v unto_o they_o shall_v be_v free_a ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la secularibus_fw-la servitutibus_fw-la from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o imposition_n iv_o the_o two_o charter_n be_v issue_v out_o by_o athelstone_n abovementioned_a consilio_fw-la wifelmi_n archiepiscopi_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la 403._o meorum_fw-la ap._n eund_n p._n 402_o 403._o by_o the_o advice_n of_o wiselme_n his_o archbishop_n and_o his_o other_o bishop_n and_o v._o that_o ina_n in_o the_o year_n 902._o cause_v the_o great_a council_n of_o his_o realm_n to_o be_v assemble_v consist_v ex_fw-la episcopis_fw-la principibus_fw-la proceribus_fw-la etc._n etc._n of_o bishop_n prince_n nobles_z earls_z and_o of_o all_o the_o wise_a man_n elder_n and_o people_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o there_o enact_v divers_a law_n for_o the_o weal_n of_o this_o realm_n 219._o realm_n ap._n eund_n p_o 219._o we_o also_o read_v this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edrid_a anno_fw-la 948._o viz._n in_o festo_fw-la igitur_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la cum_fw-la universi_fw-la magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la per_fw-la regium_fw-la edictum_fw-la summoniti_fw-la tam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la ac_fw-la abbates_n quam_fw-la caeteri_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la londini_fw-la convenissent_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la publicis_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la lond._n regni_fw-la id._n ibid._n p._n 497._o edit_n lond._n that_o in_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v to_o say_v archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n noble_n peer_n be_v summon_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n to_o appear_v at_o london_n to_o handle_v and_o conclude_v about_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n mention_v of_o which_o assembly_n be_v make_v again_o at_o the_o foundation_n and_o endowment_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o crowland_n 500_o crowland_n mad_a p._n 500_o and_o afterward_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o by_o edgar_n anno_fw-la 966._o praesentibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la &_o optimatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la 50._o regni_fw-la id._n p._n 5._o p._n 1._o 50._o in_o the_o presence_n of_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o like_a convention_n of_o estate_n we_o find_v to_o have_v be_v call_v by_o canutus_n the_o dane_n after_o the_o death_n of_o edm._n ironside_n for_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o crown_n on_o his_o own_o head_n of_o which_o thus_o the_o author_n 250._o author_n rog._n hoved._n annal_n pag._n prio_fw-la p._n 250._o cujus_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la rex_fw-la canutus_n omnes_fw-la episcopos_fw-la &_o deuce_n nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o principes_fw-la cunctosque_fw-la optimates_fw-la gentis_fw-la angliae_fw-la londini_fw-la congregari_fw-la jussit_fw-la where_o we_o still_o find_v the_o bishop_n to_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o duke_n prince_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o be_v rank_v and_o marshal_v first_o which_o clear_o show_v that_o they_o be_v always_o reckon_v for_o the_o first_o estate_n before_o the_o great_a and_o most_o eminent_a of_o the_o secular_a peer_n and_o so_o we_o find_v it_o also_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a race_n by_o which_o he_o grant_v certain_a land_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n of_o westminster_n an._n 1066._o cum_fw-la concilio_n &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la optimatum_fw-la 630._o optimatum_fw-la ap_fw-mi h._n spel._n in_o council_n p._n 630._o with_o the_o counsel_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z and_o other_o of_o his_o noble_n and_o all_o this_o while_n the_o bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n do_v hold_v by_o no_o other_o tenure_n than_o in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la brit._n eleemosyna_fw-la camden_n in_o brit._n or_o frank_a almoygne_n as_o our_o lawyer_n call_v it_o and_o therefore_o sit_v in_o parliament_n in_o no_o other_o capacity_n than_o as_o spiritual_a person_n mere_o who_o by_o their_o extraorinary_a knowledge_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o in_o such_o other_o part_n of_o learning_n as_o the_o world_n than_o know_v be_v think_v best_o able_a to_o direct_v and_o advise_v their_o prince_n in_o all_o point_n of_o difficulty_n but_o when_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n have_v possess_v the_o state_n than_o the_o case_n be_v alter_v the_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v no_o long_o suffer_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n in_o frank_n almoigne_z as_o before_z they_o do_v or_o to_o be_v free_a from_o secular_a service_n and_o command_n as_o before_o they_o be_v although_o they_o keep_v their_o land_n yet_o they_o change_v their_o tenure_n and_o by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v ordain_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n sub_fw-la militari_fw-la servitute_fw-la 1070._o servitute_fw-la mat._n paris_n in_o will._n 1._o an._n 1070._o either_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o baronage_n or_o some_o such_o military_a hold_n and_o thereby_o be_v compellable_n to_o aid_v the_o king_n in_o all_o time_n of_o war_n with_o man_n arm_n and_o horse_n as_o the_o lay-subject_n of_o the_o same_o tenor_n be_v require_v to_o do_v which_o though_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v a_o great_a disfranchisement_n at_o first_o and_o a_o heavy_a burden_n to_o the_o prelacy_n yet_o it_o conduce_v at_o last_o to_o their_o great_a honour_n in_o give_v they_o a_o further_a title_n to_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n than_o that_o which_o former_o they_o can_v pretend_v to_o before_o they_o claim_v a_o place_n therein_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la only_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n or_o spiritual_a dignity_n but_o after_o this_o by_o reason_n also_o of_o those_o barony_n which_o be_v erect_v and_o annex_v to_o their_o several_a dignity_n en_fw-fr respect_n de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr possession_n l'antient_a barony_n annex_v a_o leur_fw-fr dignity_n 3._o dignity_n stratford_n pleas._n l._n 3._o as_o our_o lawyer_n have_v it_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o we_o must_v look_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n not_o as_o bishop_n only_o but_o as_o peer_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n also_o and_o so_o themselves_o affirm_v to_o the_o temporal_a lord_n in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v at_o northampton_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o non_fw-la sedemus_fw-la hic_fw-la episcopi_fw-la say_v barones_n pares_fw-la hic_fw-la sumus_fw-la 18._o sumus_fw-la selden_n title_n of_o hon_n p_o 2._o 18._o we_o sit_v not_o here_o say_v they_o as_o bishop_n only_o but_o as_o baron_n we_o be_v baron_n and_o you_o be_v
of_o the_o land_n why_o because_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o roll_n or_o journal-book_n that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v agree_v upon_o by_o the_o king_n and_o two_o house_n which_o say_v he_o be_v all_o the_o formality_n of_o pass_a law_n in_o parliament_n in_o 23._o p._n 23._o those_o time_n but_o what_o be_v it_o that_o the_o bishop_n petition_v may_v be_v enter_v upon_o the_o parliament-roll_n be_v it_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o sacred_a canon_n which_o debar_v their_o presence_n in_o the_o house_n at_o such_o debate_n that_o indeed_o have_v be_v somewhat_o to_o the_o purpose_n but_o here_o be_v no_o such_o matter_n desire_v it_o be_v their_o protestation_n and_o if_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o parliament-roll_n by_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n become_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n forthwith_o then_o let_v this_o protestation_n for_o the_o present_a pass_v for_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o what_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o in_o the_o interim_n let_v we_o return_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n where_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o colour_n for_o such_o a_o confirmation_n there_o we_o may_v observe_v two_o thing_n in_o that_o 11_o constitution_n a_o duty_n enjoin_v the_o prelate_n attendance_n at_o the_o king_n court_n and_o then_o a_o liberty_n or_o privilege_n indulge_v that_o they_o may_v withdraw_v and_o forbear_v that_o attendance_n when_o it_o come_v to_o sentence_n for_o loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n that_o this_o be_v a_o privilege_n or_o a_o liberty_n can_v be_v deny_v mat._n paris_n reckon_v it_o inter_fw-la libertates_fw-la among_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n 71._o liberty_n let._n p._n 71._o and_o this_o gentleman_n can_v not_o choose_v but_o observe_v it_o though_o it_o be_v not_o for_o his_o purpose_n to_o distinguish_v this_o privilege_n from_o the_o injunction_n one_o will_v think_v say_v he_o they_o the_o bishop_n may_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o right_n and_o privilege_n to_o be_v exempt_a from_o be_v oblige_v to_o attend_v in_o such_o case_n case_n of_o blood_n if_o a_o privilege_n than_o i_o may_v use_v or_o i_o may_v forbear_v it_o to_o say_v i_o may_v do_v such_o a_o thing_n therefore_o i_o shall_v do_v it_o be_v irrational_a ill_a logic_n and_o worse_a polity_n privilege_n say_v the_o lawyer_n be_v franchise_n and_o liberty_n or_o immunity_n grant_v to_o a_o person_n a_o office_n or_o a_o corporation_n such_o as_o have_v they_o may_v either_o enjoy_v or_o refuse_v they_o it_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o attorney_n and_o clerk_n in_o they_o king_n bench_n they_o can_v be_v press_v for_o soldier_n they_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o bear_v office_n in_o their_o parish_n yet_o volunteer_n they_o may_v be_v in_o both_o case_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o use_v his_o privilege_n for_o than_o his_o franchise_n will_v be_v no_o liberty_n but_o the_o more_o enthral_v he_o we_o may_v observe_v according_o that_o the_o prelate_n very_o well_o understand_v this_o their_o liberty_n for_o sometime_o they_o will_v use_v their_o privilege_n absent_v themselves_o when_o case_n capital_a be_v upon_o trial_n and_o withdraw_v when_o matter_n of_o blood_n be_v in_o agitation_n and_o this_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o eye_n in_o the_o perusal_n of_o the_o gentleman_n letter_n but_o many_o time_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a in_o the_o case_n when_o they_o do_v withdraw_v they_o either_o make_v a_o proxy_n to_o represent_v they_o or_o enter_v their_o protestation_n to_o preserve_v their_o right_n it_o be_v true_a the_o gentleman_n do_v except_v against_o their_o way_n of_o proxy_n as_o unparliamentary_a and_o three_o or_o four_o exception_n he_o have_v which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o elude_v any_o testimony_n for_o either_o it_o be_v error_n temporis_fw-la a_o error_n of_o those_o time_n or_o speak_v obiter_fw-la upon_o the_o by_o and_o of_o no_o importance_n or_o it_o be_v unparliamentary_a and_o extravagant_a or_o else_o repeal_v such_o a_o provision_n of_o evasion_n as_o may_v serve_v to_o help_v a_o man_n out_o of_o the_o noose_n of_o any_o argument_n that_o can_v be_v produce_v in_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o the_o protestation_n he_o will_v elude_v the_o force_n of_o that_o by_o say_v their_o salvo_n that_o which_o they_o will_v ensure_v to_o themselves_o 21._o p._n 21._o be_v their_o right_n of_o sit_v to_o consult_v treat_v of_o and_o determine_v in_o that_o and_o all_o other_o parliament_n when_o capital_a case_n be_v not_o in_o question_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o protestation_n to_o this_o effect_n this_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o which_o the_o clarendon_n constitution_n and_o a_o solemn_a oath_n oblige_v they_o when_o man_n protest_v a_o right_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o that_o right_n which_o no_o man_n doubt_n of_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o question_v but_o of_o that_o right_n which_o they_o give_v some_o colour_n to_o be_v question_v because_o they_o decline_v and_o forbear_v the_o use_n and_o practice_n of_o it_o this_o be_v a_o right_a to_o debate_v vote_n and_o sit_v as_o judge_n in_o case_n capital_a if_o possible_o the_o decree_n of_o that_o canon_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v null_a as_o now_o it_o be_v or_o alter_v i_o must_v not_o forget_v to_o tell_v you_o of_o two_o rule_n observable_a about_o such_o privilege_n as_o be_v grant_v to_o subject_n by_o the_o king_n as_o this_o of_o the_o clarendon_n constitution_n be_v to_o the_o prelate_n the_o first_o be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o debar_v the_o king_n command_n nor_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o supersedeas_fw-la to_o his_o sovereign_a authority_n for_o this_o be_v a_o derogation_n to_o his_o royal_a office_n a_o diminution_n to_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n not_o to_o be_v grant_v by_o he_o upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n the_o king_n do_v exempt_v the_o bishop_n from_o attend_v his_o court_n of_o parliament_n at_o such_o trial_n in_o capital_a case_n in_o general_a but_o he_o do_v not_o absolve_v they_o from_o their_o duty_n and_o obedience_n to_o his_o own_o special_a command_n upon_o any_o just_a occasion_n hereupon_o in_o the_o 11_o hen._n 2._o archbishop_z becket_n in_o a_o solemn_a council_n at_o northampton_n be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n and_o other_o misdemeanour_n where_o bishop_n be_v his_o judge_n as_o well_o as_o temporal_a lord_n when_o those_o lord_n and_o bishop_n can_v not_o agree_v about_o pronounce_v the_o judgement_n they_o put_v it_o off_o from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o at_o last_o the_o king_n command_v the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n to_o do_v it_o this_o happen_v soon_o after_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o clarendon_n constitution_n which_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o bishop_n have_v take_v their_o corporal_a oath_n to_o observe_v for_o ever_o and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v they_o can_v forget_v what_o have_v be_v so_o late_o do_v among_o they_o wherefore_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o they_o do_v not_o take_v themselves_o to_o be_v oblige_v either_o by_o that_o oath_n or_o constitution_n to_o absent_v themselves_o always_o from_o such_o trial_n for_o though_o the_o constitution_n say_v debent_fw-la interest_n judiciis_fw-la curiae_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la barones_n that_o they_o ought_v as_o well_o as_o other_o baron_n to_o attend_v all_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n quousque_fw-la perveniatur_fw-la ad_fw-la diminutionem_fw-la membrorum_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la mortem_fw-la till_o the_o matter_n come_v to_o sentence_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n yet_o whatsoever_o william_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n have_v say_v in_o their_o protestation_n 11_o r._n 2._o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n do_v not_o say_v debent_fw-la se_fw-la absentare_fw-la that_o the_o bishop_n ought_v to_o withdraw_v and_o absent_v themselves_o from_o such_o sentence_n this_o gentleman_n endeavour_n to_o invalidate_v this_o so_o pregnant_a 61._o p._n 60_o 61._o a_o evidence_n because_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n make_v by_o the_o monk_n stephanides_n and_o none_o of_o the_o ancient_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n say_v any_o thing_n of_o becket_n be_v accuse_v for_o treason_n but_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v not_o the_o print_n that_o add_v truth_n or_o authority_n to_o any_o write_n and_o i_o shall_v trust_v mr._n selden_n judgement_n rather_o than_o this_o gentleman_n conjecture_n beside_o a_o negative_a argument_n from_o authority_n be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o why_o do_v we_o read_v variety_n of_o historian_n upon_o the_o same_o subject_a but_o because_o we_o suppose_v what_o one_o fail_v in_o for_o want_v of_o memory_n or_o information_n another_o may_v supply_v by_o a_o better_a diligence_n and_o enquiry_n