which_o be_v the_o time_n of_o the_o limitation_n of_o all_o prescription_n at_o the_o common_a law_n 653._o 2_o inst_z 653._o which_o reject_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o as_o shall_v seem_v allow_v the_o limitation_n of_o a_o prescription_n or_o custom_n to_o forty_o year_n it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v demand_v how_o this_o manner_n of_o discharge_n can_v be_v make_v out_o at_o this_o day_n since_o there_o be_v now_o no_o person_n live_v that_o can_v prove_v how_o the_o abbot_n hold_v and_o enjoy_v their_o land_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o what_o be_v do_v before_o the_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n must_v now_o be_v prove_v by_o what_o have_v be_v do_v since_o for_o if_o monastery_n land_n have_v be_v hold_v all_o the_o time_n of_o memory_n since_o the_o dissolution_n free_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n it_o shall_v be_v intend_v that_o they_o be_v so_o hold_v before_o and_o therefore_o they_o have_v not_o pay_v or_o be_v question_v since_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o discharge_n be_v by_o order_n order_n discharge_v by_o order_n and_o this_o discharge_n also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n depend_v upon_o pope_n bull_n or_o grant_n who_o at_o pleasure_n grant_v exemption_n to_o what_o order_n they_o please_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1150._o 120._o 2_o inst_z 652⸪_n seld._n hist_o decim_fw-la 120._o the_o most_o religious_a order_n then_o in_o be_v be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n but_o about_o that_o time_n pope_n adrian_n the_o four_o reduce_v they_o to_o cistertian_n hospitalier_n and_o templar_n and_o about_o the_o year_n 1215._o 406._o seld._n de_fw-fr decim_fw-la 406._o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o add_v the_o praemonstratense_n but_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o these_o order_n extend_v only_o to_o the_o land_n 278._o dyer_n 277_o 278._o these_o order_n hold_v in_o their_o own_o manurance_n and_o not_o to_o any_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o their_o tenant_n or_o farmer_n but_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 4._o the_o cistertian_n attempt_v to_o have_v enlarge_v their_o privilege_n to_o their_o tenant_n and_o farmer_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o poor_a parson_n and_o vicar_n that_o have_v cure_v of_o soul_n be_v complain_v of_o in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o h._n 4._o whereupon_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o not_o only_o the_o cistertian_n but_o all_o other_o order_n that_o put_v any_o bull_n in_o execution_n for_o the_o discharge_n any_o of_o their_o land_n from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n in_o the_o land_n of_o their_o tenant_n and_o farmer_n shall_v incur_v a_o praemunire_n that_o be_v forfeit_v all_o their_o good_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o their_o land_n during_o life_n and_o be_v likewise_o imprison_v during_o the_o offender_n life_n which_o give_v such_o a_o check_n to_o that_o proceed_n that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n after_o attempt_v the_o templar_n after_o in_o the_o council_n of_o vienna_n 432⸫_n the_o templar_n 2_o inst_z 432⸫_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1311._o and_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o e._n 2._o be_v condemn_v for_o heresy_n and_o all_o their_o possession_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o hospitalier_n or_o knight_n of_o st._n c._n stat._n 17._o e._n 2._o c._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n who_o enjoy_v they_o till_o the_o thirty_o second_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n h._n 8._o at_o which_o time_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n they_o be_v settle_v upon_o the_o crown_n 24._o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 24._o but_o where_o it_o be_v say_v in_o kelway_n that_o the_o templar_n be_v condemn_v of_o heresy_n in_o the_o eight_o year_n e._n 2._o and_o their_o land_n give_v the_o same_o year_n to_o the_o hospitalier_n it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n for_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o council_n of_o vienna_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o that_o king_n and_o chief_o call_v against_o the_o templar_n and_o it_o be_v as_o clear_v that_o their_o land_n be_v not_o here_o in_o england_n settle_v upon_o the_o hospitalier_n till_o the_o seventeen_o of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o though_o the_o land_n of_o the_o lesser_a monastery_n be_v not_o within_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o tithe_n where_o the_o lesser_a abbey_n may_v be_v free_v of_o tithe_n to_o be_v free_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n yet_o they_o ought_v to_o enjoy_v all_o such_o privilege_n as_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o such_o land_n in_o who_o hand_n soever_o they_o come_v shall_v be_v free_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n yet_o they_o ought_v to_o enjoy_v all_o such_o privilege_n as_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o such_o land_n in_o who_o hand_n soever_o they_o come_v shall_v be_v free_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n by_o real_a composition_n and_o prescription_n de_fw-la modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la 3_o jones_n 3_o but_o not_o by_o prescription_n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr decimando_fw-la unity_n of_o possession_n order_n or_o bull_n of_o pope_n but_o in_o all_o the_o case_n the_o parson_n and_o vicar_n have_v the_o advantage_n by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o all_o those_o abbey_n that_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o twenty_o seven_o h._n 8._o and_o the_o parson_n and_o vicar_n shall_v in_o such_o case_n be_v restore_v to_o their_o tithe_n again_o which_o in_o all_o justice_n they_o ought_v in_o all_o other_o case_n if_o the_o parliament_n have_v not_o see_v reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o lesser_a monastery_n that_o be_v which_o be_v under_o 200_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o the_o order_n of_o cistertian_n and_o praemonstratense_n be_v as_o have_v be_v say_v dissolve_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o have_v lose_v the_o privilege_n of_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n unless_o they_o be_v continue_v as_o the_o abbey_n of_o crouden_n be_v but_o those_o monastery_n of_o those_o order_n that_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 31._o h._n 8._o retain_v the_o privilege_n of_o those_o order_n in_o not_o pay_v tithe_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o for_o such_o time_n as_o the_o owner_n hold_v they_o in_o their_o own_o manurance_n for_o if_o they_o let_v they_o out_o to_o tenant_n they_o shall_v have_v no_o more_o privilege_n than_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o order_n of_o the_o cistertian_n and_o praemonstratense_n have_v which_o be_v none_o at_o all_o but_o note_n free_v jones_n 2_o 3_o etc._n etc._n cro._n jac_fw-la 6â—7_n hob._n 6â—8_n land_n of_o the_o lesser_a abbey_n grant_v to_o the_o bieger_n not_o free_v that_o if_o the_o king_n after_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o lesser_a monastery_n which_o have_v be_v of_o any_o of_o the_o order_n that_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n have_v grant_v any_o of_o their_o land_n to_o any_o of_o the_o great_a monastery_n which_o be_v not_o dissolve_v till_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o yet_o those_o shall_v not_o retain_v the_o privilege_n the_o abbot_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o former_a dissolution_n the_o right_a immediate_o revert_v by_o the_o dissolution_n to_o the_o parson_n and_o vicar_n to_o who_o the_o tithe_n of_o right_n do_v belong_v the_o great_a abbey_n can_v not_o hold_v they_o legal_o discharge_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o second_o dissolution_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n between_o this_o and_o the_o case_n of_o walkelate_n and_o wilshaw_z before_o remember_v for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o monastery_n be_v continue_v and_o not_o dissolve_v till_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o no_o land_n acquire_v by_o any_o of_o the_o monastery_n of_o those_o order_n which_o be_v so_o free_v from_o payment_n of_o tithe_n after_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n free_v land_n purchase_v after_o the_o friviledge_n grant_v not_o free_v which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1215._o and_o by_o consequence_n none_o that_o be_v found_v after_o that_o council_n be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n either_o in_o their_o own_o 121._o selden'_v hiss_v of_o tithe_n 121._o or_o their_o tenant_n hand_n for_o by_o that_o council_n the_o privilege_n be_v limit_v to_o such_o land_n as_o these_o order_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o that_o council_n and_o although_o any_o abbey_n land_n of_o the_o great_a abbey_n which_o be_v of_o the_o cistertian_n and_o praemonstratensian_a order_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o tenant_n for_o year_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dissolution_n 559._o dyer_n 277_o b⸪_n p._n 60._o cro._n jac._n 559._o yet_o the_o king_n and_o
lord_n ordain_v that_o they_o that_o preach_v the_o gospel_n shall_v live_v of_o the_o gospel_n what_o effect_n this_o doctrine_n wrought_v among_o the_o primitive_a christian_n you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o as_o many_o as_o be_v possessor_n of_o house_n or_o land_n sell_v they_o and_o bring_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v sell_v and_o lay_v they_o down_o at_o the_o apostle_n foot_n and_o distribution_n be_v make_v to_o every_o man_n according_a as_o he_o have_v need_v but_o the_o christian_n of_o this_o present_a age_n be_v so_o far_o from_o sell_v their_o house_n and_o land_n and_o lay_v the_o price_n at_o the_o apostle_n foot_n that_o they_o will_v rather_o detain_v that_o from_o the_o clergy_n which_o by_o law_n and_o right_n be_v due_a to_o they_o but_o certain_o have_v the_o sincerity_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n continue_v i_o shall_v never_o have_v need_v to_o have_v set_v pen_n to_o the_o paper_n upon_o this_o subject_n i_o be_o now_o about_o which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o tithe_n or_o tithe_n a_o duty_n establish_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o as_o of_o other_o nation_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o secular_a clergy_n and_o for_o their_o sake_n it_o be_v that_o i_o have_v undertake_v this_o work_n there_o be_v a_o tithing_n table_n publish_v many_o year_n ago_o by_o a_o bachelor_n of_o law_n wherein_o he_o have_v learned_o set_v forth_o the_o manner_n of_o tithing_n by_o the_o canon_n and_o ecclesiastical_a law_n but_o those_o law_n and_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n differ_v in_o many_o thing_n wherein_o the_o common_a law_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o tithing_n table_n have_v often_o lead_v both_o parson_n and_o parishioner_n into_o many_o error_n beside_o the_o several_a discharge_v from_o payment_n of_o tithe_n either_o absolute_o or_o sub_fw-la modo_fw-la of_o divers_a land_n in_o england_n by_o the_o statute_n or_o common_a law_n make_v great_a alteration_n here_o from_o the_o canon_n law_n to_o rectify_v which_o and_o as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v to_o reconcile_v the_o canon_n and_o common_a law_n i_o do_v by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o some_o reverend_n divine_v first_o make_v some_o animadversion_n upon_o that_o tithing_n table_n but_o when_o i_o have_v do_v that_o consider_v there_o be_v many_o more_o thing_n in_o relation_n to_o tithing_n than_o i_o can_v convenient_o apply_v to_o that_o text_n concern_v prescription_n custom_n composition_n and_o other_o privilege_n beside_o the_o law_n concern_v offering_n mortuary_n and_o other_o church_n duty_n fit_a for_o all_o man_n to_o know_v as_o well_o lay_v as_o clergy_n i_o adventure_v upon_o this_o large_a work_n which_o i_o the_o rather_o do_v because_o i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o other_o that_o have_v publish_v any_o complete_a work_n in_o this_o kind_n or_o to_o reconcile_v the_o common_a and_o canon_n law_n that_o kind_n of_o learning_n lie_v disperse_v in_o our_o law_n book_n i_o have_v therefore_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o parson_n and_o vicar_n take_v up_o a_o former_a resolution_n and_o adventure_v to_o expose_v myself_o to_o the_o public_a censure_n and_o though_o i_o can_v promise_v any_o perfection_n in_o this_o work_n yet_o i_o dare_v presume_v to_o say_v it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a work_n of_o this_o nature_n yet_o extant_a though_o i_o can_v pretend_v to_o nothing_o of_o it_o but_o the_o error_n and_o mistake_n which_o i_o will_v be_v thankful_a to_o any_o body_n that_o will_v friendly_o correct_v that_o i_o may_v make_v it_o more_o exact_a in_o a_o second_o edition_n if_o i_o have_v encouragement_n the_o hindrance_n of_o converse_v with_o the_o learned_a by_o reason_n of_o my_o confinement_n to_o the_o country_n and_o public_a library_n have_v hinder_v i_o of_o some_o help_n i_o may_v have_v have_v thereby_o perhaps_o it_o may_v not_o be_v so_o acceptable_a to_o those_o in_o who_o favour_n i_o have_v write_v it_o because_o it_o come_v from_o the_o pen_n of_o one_o who_o profess_v himself_o a_o common_a lawyer_n but_o in_o my_o judgement_n in_o this_o nation_n wherein_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n prevail_v against_o the_o canon_n and_o ecclesiastical_a law_n this_o subject_n be_v not_o altogether_o improper_a if_o not_o most_o proper_a for_o a_o common_a lawyer_n and_o true_o i_o have_v through_o this_o discourse_n deal_v with_o as_o impartial_a a_o hand_n as_o the_o matter_n will_v admit_v and_o though_o the_o clergy_n may_v think_v it_o to_o their_o prejudice_n that_o i_o have_v at_o large_a set_v forth_o the_o several_a discharge_v by_o which_o land_n be_v free_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n yet_o in_o that_o i_o have_v give_v they_o a_o clear_a light_n which_o land_n can_v be_v so_o privilege_v and_o what_o prescription_n and_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la be_v not_o good_a be_v well_o assure_v that_o there_o be_v more_o land_n at_o this_o day_n escape_v payment_n of_o tithe_n upon_o pretence_n of_o some_o privilege_n to_o which_o they_o have_v no_o right_n than_o those_o that_o pay_v tithe_n and_o may_v legal_o be_v discharge_v but_o when_o i_o have_v do_v my_o best_a endeavour_n to_o serve_v the_o reverend_a clergy_n i_o can_v give_v they_o encouragement_n to_o depend_v upon_o their_o own_o judgement_n ground_v upon_o any_o thing_n here_o write_v for_o though_o this_o may_v suffice_v to_o give_v they_o some_o light_n what_o shall_v be_v due_a to_o they_o yet_o i_o can_v hope_v by_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v write_v to_o make_v they_o complete_a lawyer_n for_o many_o quaere_n will_v arise_v that_o no_o foresight_n of_o i_o can_v give_v a_o answer_n to_o but_o this_o benefit_n i_o hope_v they_o will_v receive_v by_o my_o labour_n that_o they_o may_v put_v their_o case_n and_o make_v their_o doubt_n know_v more_o pertinent_o to_o the_o learned_a i_o have_v no_o soon_o finish_v this_o little_a tract_n concern_v tithe_n but_o i_o consider_v there_o be_v many_o other_o thing_n almost_o as_o useful_a for_o a_o clergyman_n to_o know_v as_o the_o law_n of_o tithe_n and_o though_o mr._n hughes_n of_o graves-inn_n many_o year_n since_o publish_v a_o learned_a tract_n which_o he_o entitle_v the_o parson_n law_n yet_o there_o be_v many_o more_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o clergyman_n to_o know_v that_o be_v there_o only_o brief_o or_o not_o at_o all_o touch_v upon_o and_o of_o such_o force_n that_o they_o must_v either_o be_v perform_v and_o observe_v to_o make_v a_o man_n a_o complete_a parson_n or_o to_o make_v he_o none_o though_o never_o so_o exact_o institute_v and_o induct_v if_o omit_v i_o have_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n before_o i_o come_v to_o the_o law_n of_o tithe_n show_v what_o simony_n be_v and_o what_o danger_n those_o run_v themselves_o into_o that_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o what_o thing_n every_o parson_n vicar_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o do_v before_o at_z and_o after_o his_o institution_n and_o induction_n to_o make_v he_o a_o complete_a parson_n etc._n etc._n what_o dilapidation_n be_v and_o how_o punishable_a what_o privilege_n the_o clergy_n have_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n what_o charge_n and_o payment_n their_o tithe_n and_o church-living_n be_v subject_a unto_o what_o cause_n of_o deprivation_n have_v be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n what_o lease_n they_o may_v take_v or_o set_v and_o what_o statute_n they_o may_v fall_v in_o danger_n of_o and_o of_o plurality_n and_o who_o be_v qualify_v to_o have_v they_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n to_o be_v accept_v nonresidence_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o every_o clergyman_n to_o know_v i_o have_v divide_v the_o whole_a into_o two_o book_n and_o they_o again_o into_o several_a chapter_n and_o paragraph_n and_o add_v a_o short_a table_n for_o the_o more_o ready_a find_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o either_o i_o have_v likewise_o add_v a_o list_n or_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o priory_n that_o be_v value_v in_o the_o king_n book_n at_o 200_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la or_o upward_o and_o which_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o the_o land_n of_o which_o can_v only_o pretend_v to_o any_o privilege_n to_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n in_o which_o i_o have_v rather_o choose_v to_o write_v after_o mr._n dugdale_n be_v a_o sure_a author_n than_o mr._n speed_v in_o who_o i_o have_v observe_v many_o mistake_v i_o must_v beg_v the_o reader_n patience_n to_o correct_v the_o mistake_v of_o the_o printer_n which_o be_v too_o many_o by_o reason_n of_o my_o absence_n from_o the_o press_n by_o the_o errata_fw-la annex_v and_o for_o my_o own_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o kind_o from_o any_o body_n that_o will_v in_o a_o friendly_a
clergy_n man_n may_v prescribe_v for_o himself_o and_o tenant_n year_n and_o will_v and_o his_o copyholder_n have_v be_v free_a from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n the_o reason_n allege_v be_v because_o it_o may_v commence_v by_o a_o real_a composition_n for_o the_o whole_a manor_n a⸫_n roll_n 1.653_o h._n 4._o co._n 2.45_o a⸫_n and_o in_o all_o case_n where_o a_o spiritual_a person_n prescribe_v in_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la his_o tenant_n and_o farmer_n shall_v take_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o but_o if_o any_o of_o the_o abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n cap._n stat._n 27._o h._n 8._o cap._n that_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n by_o prescription_n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr decimando_fw-la 309⸪_n roll_n 1.654.1_o 1._o contra_fw-la hob._n 309⸪_n yet_o the_o patentee_n of_o these_o land_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o such_o prescription_n but_o shall_v pay_v tithe_n neither_o can_v the_o king_n patentee_n be_v free_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n of_o those_o land_n which_o the_o king_n whilst_o he_o have_v they_o in_o his_o own_o hand_n prescribe_v to_o be_v free_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n roy._n roll_n 1.655.1.2_o patenter_fw-la del_fw-it roy._n because_o it_o be_v a_o personal_a discharge_n in_o the_o king_n for_o the_o question_n arise_v upon_o land_n disafforre_v there_o may_v be_v several_a reason_n why_o he_o pay_v no_o tithe_n first_o because_o the_o ground_n be_v depasture_v with_o beast_n ferae_fw-la naturae_fw-la for_o which_o no_o tithe_n be_v due_a quaere_fw-la cro._n car._n dubitatur_fw-la ideo_fw-la quaere_fw-la or_o for_o that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o decretal_a epistle_n of_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o who_o settle_v the_o parochial_a right_n of_o tithe_n or_o by_o reason_n the_o king_n be_v a_o mix_a person_n may_v prescribe_v in_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la but_o the_o king_n patentee_n of_o those_o abbey_n land_n that_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 31._o h._n 8._o may_v take_v advantage_n of_o a_o prescription_n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr decimando_fw-la in_o the_o abbot_n prior_n or_o other_o religious_a person_n by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o statute_n and_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o land_n since_o the_o dissolution_n free_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n during_o memory_n be_v a_o good_a proof_n a_o posterior_n 599.758.784_o a_o country_n may_v prescribe_v in_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la lib._n inst_z do_fw-mi prohibit_v co._n 2.44_o b._n doct._n &_o st._n l._n 2._o c._n 55._o f._n 166_o 167._o b._n 174._o b⸫_n roll_v 1.653_o h._n 10_o 11_o 12_o 13._o who_o may_v prescribe_v de_fw-fr modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la co._n 2.44_o a⸪_n b_o ⸫_o cro._n el._n 599.758.784_o that_o the_o abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n hold_v the_o same_o discharge_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o county_n hundred_o or_o country_n as_o the_o wild_n of_o kent_n and_o sussex_n may_v prescribe_v not_o to_o pay_v tithe_n of_o wood_n milk_n or_o any_o other_o particular_a thing_n so_o there_o be_v a_o competent_a livelihood_n for_o the_o clergy_n beside_o but_o every_o lay_v man_n may_v prescribe_v de_fw-fr modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la that_o be_v that_o such_o a_o man_n be_v lord_n of_o such_o a_o manor_n and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n he_o have_v in_o the_o say_a manor_n have_v from_o the_o time_n whereof_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n be_v not_o to_o the_o contrary_a have_v have_v and_o enjoy_v to_o his_o and_o their_o own_o use_n all_o the_o tithe_n arise_v etc._n etc._n 599.758.784_o co._n 2.44_o a⸪_n b⸫_n cro._n el._n 599.758.784_o within_o the_o say_a manor_n pay_v so_o much_o yearly_a to_o the_o parson_n of_o d._n and_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v prescribe_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o copyholder_n 132._o cro._n el._n 784._o noy_n 132._o for_o they_o be_v part_n of_o the_o demesn_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o the_o copyholder_n may_v prescribe_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o lord_n if_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la be_v to_o pay_v two_o thing_n as_o two_o shilling_n for_o a_o park_n fail_v hob._n 43⸫_n a_o modus_fw-la to_o pay_v two_o thing_n and_o one_o fail_v and_o a_o shoulder_n of_o every_o buck_n kill_v in_o the_o park_n and_o all_o the_o deer_n die_v or_o be_v kill_v up_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o prescription_n hold_v good_a for_o the_o two_o shilling_n but_o every_o prescription_n and_o modus_fw-la must_v have_v a_o continuance_n sleep_v hob._n 43⸫_n prescription_n must_v not_o sleep_v for_o it_o can_v be_v good_a at_o one_o time_n and_o asleep_a at_o another_o neither_o can_v a_o wilful_a denial_n destroy_v a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la and_o it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o rule_n in_o dr._n leyfield_n and_o tisdale_n case_n house_n hob._n 11⸫_n modus_fw-la for_o house_n that_o where_o no_o tithe_n be_v regular_o and_o legal_o due_a as_o for_o a_o house_n etc._n etc._n there_o can_v be_v no_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la allege_v and_o yet_o it_o have_v be_v hold_v 454._o co._n 11.162_o .._o hob._n 11⸫_n quaere_fw-la roll_n 1.640_o b._n 5._o hob._n 107._o roll_n 1.651_o d._n 16_o 17_o 18_o 19_o cro_n el._n 446._o co._n select_a case_n 45⸪_n more_o 454._o that_o a_o tithe_n by_o prescription_n may_v be_v pay_v for_o a_o house_n because_o it_o may_v be_v due_a for_o the_o land_n before_o the_o house_n be_v build_v ideo_fw-la quaere_fw-la a_o modus_fw-la to_o pay_v tithe_n without_o the_o view_n of_o the_o parson_n be_v not_o good_a because_o it_o conduce_v to_o fraud_n and_o be_v now_o against_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o a_o modus_fw-la that_o you_o have_v pay_v your_o tithe_n of_o your_o cow_n you_o have_v be_v free_v of_o the_o tithe_n of_o ox_n steer_n heifer_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o good_a that_o be_v to_o pay_v your_o tithe_n in_o kind_n of_o one_o thing_n thereby_o to_o free_v another_o tithe_n and_o it_o have_v be_v hold_v a_o void_a prescription_n to_o pay_v a_o load_n of_o hay_n yearly_a in_o discharge_n of_o all_o his_o tithe_n hay_n good_a cumberland_n per_fw-la roll._n p._n 13._o jac._n b.r._n what_o prescription_n the_o modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la 2_o leo_fw-la 70._o be_v good_a that_o be_v to_o pay_v a_o part_n in_o discharge_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o for_o a_o parishioner_n to_o prescribe_v that_o he_o etc._n etc._n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n repair_v the_o church_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o have_v be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n be_v no_o good_a prescription_n for_o the_o parson_n not_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o church_n have_v no_o recompense_n but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v that_o he_o have_v repair_v the_o chancel_n 9_o roll_n 1.649_o d._n 8_o 9_o and_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o have_v be_v free_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n that_o have_v be_v a_o good_a modus_fw-la ratio_fw-la patet_fw-la it_o have_v be_v hold_v a_o good_a prescription_n 7._o wool_n and_o lamb._n roll_n 1.648_o c._n 1.649_o d._n 7._o that_o the_o parishioner_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n pay_v the_o tithe_n wool_n of_o all_o the_o sheep_n he_o have_v shear_v though_o never_o so_o late_o buy_v in_o and_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o have_v be_v free_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o tithe_n of_o those_o he_o have_v sell_v before_o sheerday_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v a_o good_a prescription_n 4._o roll_n 1.648_o c._n 4._o to_o have_v pay_v the_o ten_o fleece_n or_o pound_n of_o wool_n so_o there_o be_v any_o allowance_n for_o the_o odd_a fleece_n or_o odd_a weight_n it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v a_o good_a modus_fw-la 5._o roll_n 1.649_o d._n 5._o that_o in_o consideration_n the_o parishioner_n have_v shear_v and_o wind_v the_o wool_n to_o be_v free_a of_o pay_v tithe_n of_o the_o necking_n and_o birling_n without_o fraud_n it_o be_v a_o good_a prescription_n 1._o roll_n 1.652_o g._n 1._o that_o the_o parishioner_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n pay_v a_o half_a penny_n for_o every_o lamb_n sell_v before_o mayday_n but_o if_o the_o parishioner_n sell_v his_o lamb_n fraudulent_o a_o few_o day_n before_o mayday_n on_o purpose_n to_o defraud_v the_o parson_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v no_o good_a discharge_n a_o prescription_n to_o pay_v wool_n in_o kind_n 79⸪_n marsh_n 79⸪_n if_o keep_v till_o clip_v day_n but_o if_o sell_v before_o to_o pay_v a_o half_a penny_n a_o fleece_n as_o mr._n marsh_n report_v be_v hold_v no_o good_a prescription_n tamen_fw-la quaere_fw-la it_o have_v be_v hold_v a_o good_a modus_fw-la 454._o for_o corn._n more_n 454._o that_o in_o consideration_n that_o the_o parishioner_n have_v mow_v reap_v and_o shockt_v the_o corn_n and_o pay_v his_o tithe_n in_o the_o shock_n that_o he_o have_v be_v free_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o tithe_n of_o the_o raking_n but_o as_o sir_n edward_n coke_n say_v there_o need_v no_o modus_fw-la
during_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n yet_o by_o a_o reasonable_a intendment_n b._n 2_o inst_z 656⸪_n dyer_n 170._o b⸪_n p._n 5._o blow_n 204._o a._n 396._o b._n the_o same_o shall_v be_v discharge_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o corn_n and_o hay_n for_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n after_o the_o improvement_n and_o that_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o subsequent_a clause_n whereby_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o such_o barren_a waste_n or_o heath_n ground_n have_v before_o this_o time_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o tithe_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v hereafter_o improve_v and_o convert_v into_o arable_a or_o meadow_n that_o then_o the_o owner_n or_o owner_n thereof_o shall_v during_o the_o seven_o year_n next_o follow_v from_o and_o after_o the_o same_o improvement_n pay_v such_o kind_n of_o tithe_n as_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o same_o before_o the_o say_a improvement_n any_o thing_n in_o this_o act_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o this_o proviso_n that_o it_o be_v the_o intent_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o this_o law_n only_o to_o free_v these_o improve_a land_n from_o the_o payment_n of_o such_o tithe_n as_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o improvement_n which_o must_v be_v hay_n or_o corn_n and_o no_o other_o next_o suppose_v a_o man_n have_v barren_a land_n within_o this_o law_n which_o be_v free_a from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n by_o prescription_n real_a composition_n etc._n etc._n it_o shall_v seem_v by_o the_o pen_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a proviso_n that_o he_o shall_v pay_v tithe_n for_o the_o same_o after_o the_o seven_o year_n this_o proviso_n only_o provide_v for_o such_o land_n as_o be_v free_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o that_o doubt_n seem_v clear_v by_o the_o next_o precedent_n proviso_n in_o this_o very_a act_n whereby_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v sue_v or_o otherwise_o compel_v to_o yield_v give_v or_o pay_v any_o manner_n of_o tithe_n for_o any_o manor_n land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n which_o by_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n or_o by_o any_o privilege_n or_o prescription_n be_v not_o chargeable_a with_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o such_o tithe_n or_o that_o be_v discharge_v by_o any_o composition_n real_a so_o that_o this_o proviso_n preserve_v all_o former_a legal_a discharge_v but_o the_o great_a question_n upon_o this_o law_n be_v what_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v barren_a heath_n or_o waste_a ground_n within_o this_o law_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n define_v barren_a land_n in_o these_o word_n terra_fw-la sterilis_fw-la est_fw-la terra_fw-la infoecunda_fw-la nullum_fw-la ferens_fw-la fructum_fw-la 655⸪_n 2_o inst_z 655⸪_n but_o that_o definition_n will_v not_o hold_v in_o this_o case_n for_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o second_o proviso_n that_o such_o barren_a land_n be_v intend_v that_o be_v barren_a quoad_fw-la agriculturam_fw-la that_o be_v 462.463_o dyer_n 170._o p._n 5._o co._n ent._n 462.463_o such_o barren_a heath_n or_o waste_a ground_n that_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n without_o improvement_n by_o lime_n marle_n manure_n etc._n etc._n will_v not_o bring_v forth_o corn_n or_o hay_n houghton_n 6_o e._n 6._o per_fw-la bendloes_n 2_o inst_z 656⸫_n hill_n 9_o jac._n c._n b._n ex_fw-la motione_fw-la houghton_n but_o if_o ground_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o tillage_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v not_o suapte_v natura_fw-la barren_a it_o be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n as_o if_o a_o wood_n be_v stub_a and_o grub_v up_o and_o make_v fit_a for_o the_o blow_n and_o reduce_v to_o tillage_n it_o shall_v pay_v tithe_n present_o for_o wood_n ground_n be_v terra_fw-la fertilis_fw-la &_o faecunda_fw-la so_o if_o marish_a 969._o 2_o inst_z 656⸫_n more_o 969._o meadow_n or_o other_o land_n by_o neglect_v to_o scour_v the_o trench_n or_o sewer_n or_o by_o sudden_a inundation_n be_v drown_v or_o if_o by_o ill_a husbandry_n or_o negligence_n fertile_a land_n be_v overrun_v with_o goss_n whynn_n broom_n fern_n bush_n brier_n etc._n etc._n yet_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o proviso_n because_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n they_o be_v fertile_a and_o apt_a for_o tillage_n and_o the_o parson_n vicar_n etc._n etc._n shall_v not_o lose_v his_o tithe_n by_o the_o ill_a husbandry_n of_o the_o parishioner_n if_o land_n be_v barren_a heath_n or_o waste_a ground_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o this_o and_o be_v improve_v and_o have_v or_o may_v have_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o law_n and_o after_o return_v to_o their_o barrenness_n a⸪_n co._n 10.86_o b⸪_n co._n 6.18_o a⸪_n the_o owner_n of_o such_o land_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o law_n a_o second_o time_n upon_o a_o second_o improvement_n but_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v otherwise_o if_o the_o land_n have_v be_v improve_v before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n and_o be_v then_o become_v barren_a again_o for_o there_o i_o take_v it_o upon_o a_o new_a improvement_n the_o owner_n of_o such_o land_n shall_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o law_n marsh_n land_n new_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n 656⸫_n more_o 430._o bulft_v 165._o 2_o inst_z 656⸫_n and_o fenn_v land_n gain_v from_o the_o fresh_a water_n by_o drain_n bank_v etc._n etc._n be_v not_o within_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o law_n to_o be_v free_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n during_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n after_o the_o gain_n but_o the_o determination_n of_o this_o point_n which_o be_v or_o which_o be_v not_o barren_a land_n within_o this_o statute_n common_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o common_a juror_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v seldom_o so_o favourable_a to_o the_o church_n as_o they_o ought_v this_o proviso_n only_o charge_v the_o payment_n of_o corn_n and_o hay_n after_o the_o seven_o year_n and_o the_o second_o proviso_n provide_v only_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o such_o like_a tithe_n as_o be_v former_o pay_v before_o the_o improvement_n for_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n after_o the_o improvement_n etc._n 27_o h._n 8._o c._n 20._o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 7._o confirm_v by_o the_o st._n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o canon_n provincial_a cap._n quia_fw-la quid_fw-la maledictionis_fw-la cap._n erroris_fw-la damnabilis_fw-la cap._n quoniam_fw-la propter_fw-la cap._n quoniam_fw-la ut_fw-la audivimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o make_v no_o provision_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o other_o tithe_n save_o corn_n and_o hay_n after_o the_o seven_o year_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o imply_v a_o discharge_n of_o all_o tithe_n but_o corn_n and_o hay_n after_o the_o seven_o year_n but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v several_a law_n both_o statute_n and_o canon_n make_v former_o for_o the_o due_a payment_n of_o tithe_n and_o no_o negative_a word_n in_o this_o act_n it_o shall_v not_o abrogate_v those_o law_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o church_n by_o implication_n chap._n xx._n the_o twenty_o chapter_n show_v what_o a_o real_a composition_n be_v and_o in_o what_o case_n land_n shall_v be_v free_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n by_o such_o composition_n real_a that_o which_o we_o call_v a_o real_a composition_n be_v be_v where_o tithe_n shall_v be_v discharge_v by_o a_o real_a composition_n and_o what_o it_o be_v where_o the_o present_a incumbent_n of_o any_o church_n together_o with_o his_o patron_n and_o ordinary_n do_v agree_v by_o deed_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n or_o by_o fine_a in_o the_o king_n court_n that_o such_o land_n shall_v be_v free_v and_o discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o tithe_n for_o ever_o pay_v some_o annual_a payment_n or_o do_v some_o other_o thing_n to_o the_o ease_n profit_n or_o advantage_n of_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n etc._n etc._n to_o who_o the_o tithe_n do_v belong_v ult_n co._n 4.44_o a⸪_n 2_o inst_z 655⸪_n doct._n &_o stud._n l._n 2._o cap._n 55._o f._n ult_n and_o these_o real_a composition_n have_v ever_o be_v hold_v and_o allow_v here_o in_o england_n to_o be_v a_o good_a discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n and_o from_o these_o real_a composition_n it_o be_v intend_v all_o prescription_n de_fw-fr modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la first_fw-mi take_v their_o rise_n and_o beginning_n though_o i_o doubt_v most_o at_o this_o day_n have_v grow_v up_o from_o the_o negligence_n and_o carelessness_n of_o the_o clergy_n themselves_o and_o such_o composition_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o parishioner_n alone_o without_o the_o patron_n and_o ordinary_a matter_n vide_fw-la lindw_n cap._n quoniam_fw-la propter_fw-la verbo_fw-la redemptionem_fw-la upon_o this_o matter_n but_o it_o then_o bind_v only_o for_o the_o life_n of_o the_o incumbent_n and_o will_v be_v avoid_v by_o his_o resignation_n deprivation_n or_o be_v absent_a eighty_o day_n in_o a_o year_n from_o his_o cure_n if_o he_o have_v cure_n of_o soul_n
but_o it_o seem_v some_o of_o the_o canonist_n and_o civilian_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o all_o composition_n between_o the_o lay_v and_o clergy_n to_o be_v discharge_v whole_o of_o payment_n of_o tithe_n or_o to_o pay_v less_o in_o recompense_n than_o the_o full_a value_n be_v invalid_a but_o otherwise_o between_o clergyman_n but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o must_v govern_v here_o there_o be_v no_o such_o difference_n allow_v but_o all_o real_a composition_n make_v as_o aforesaid_a be_v good_a and_o valid_a but_o note_n 176⸪_n hob._n 176⸪_n that_o no_o composition_n make_v by_o parol_n or_o word_n of_o mouth_n only_o and_o not_o reduce_v into_o write_v under_o hand_n and_o seal_v be_v bind_v at_o all_o unless_o it_o be_v upon_o record_n as_o by_o fine_a etc._n etc._n but_o i_o conceive_v at_o this_o day_n no_o real_a composition_n can_v be_v make_v to_o bind_v the_o successor_n of_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n that_o make_v the_o same_o for_o they_o be_v now_o restrain_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o 13_o el._n 10._o 13_o el._n cap._n 10._o to_o make_v any_o grant_v other_o than_o for_o twenty_o one_o year_n or_o for_o three_o life_n with_o the_o other_o qualification_n mention_v in_o the_o say_v act._n so_o that_o it_o seem_v clear_a to_o i_o that_o parson_n and_o vicar_n at_o this_o day_n notwithstanding_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o patron_n and_o ordinary_a can_v charge_v their_o benefice_n or_o any_o thing_n belong_v to_o they_o other_o than_o for_o twenty_o one_o year_n or_o three_o life_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o only_a by_o lease_n confirm_v by_o patron_n and_o ordinary_a of_o thing_n usual_o demise_v whereupon_o the_o accustom_a yearly_a rent_n or_o more_o be_v reserve_v so_o that_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v real_a composition_n be_v only_o to_o be_v intend_v of_o such_o as_o be_v make_v before_o that_o and_o other_o late_a statute_n for_o i_o take_v it_o a_o real_a composition_n at_o this_o day_n will_v only_o bind_v the_o parson_n himself_o whilst_o he_o be_v parson_n resident_n and_o serve_v the_o cure_n quod_fw-la nota_fw-la chap._n xxi_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n show_v what_o monastery_n land_n be_v or_o may_v be_v free_a from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n it_o be_v without_o dispute_n tithe_n jones_n 373⸪_n 188⸫_n stat._n 27_o h._n 8._o cap._n 28._o what_o monastery_n land_n shall_v be_v free_v from_o payment_n of_o tithe_n that_o none_o of_o the_o abbey_n priory_n land_n that_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o or_o before_o be_v free_v or_o discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o c._n 8._o or_o by_o any_o other_o law_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o there_o be_v a_o proviso_n that_o notwithstanding_o that_o act_n the_o king_n may_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n continue_v any_o of_o the_o say_a monastery_n and_o that_o proviso_n be_v leave_v out_o of_o all_o the_o modern_a print_n only_a rastal_n in_o his_o abridge_n of_o that_o statute_n make_v some_o mention_n of_o it_o now_o the_o reader_n must_v observe_v once_o for_o all_o that_o all_o monastery_n under_o two_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v to_o have_v be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o and_o be_v therefore_o usual_o call_v the_o small_a abbey_n and_o those_o of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n a_o year_n and_o upward_o be_v not_o dissolve_v till_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o h._n 8._o and_o be_v common_o call_v the_o great_a abbey_n and_o upon_o these_o two_o statute_n this_o case_n late_o happen_v in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n between_o walklate_n farmer_n of_o the_o rectory_n of_o vttoxater_n in_o the_o county_n of_o staff_n to_o the_o dean_n of_o windsor_n and_o wilshau_n owner_n of_o a_o farm_n in_o that_o parish_n that_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o croxden_n in_o the_o same_o county_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o small_a abbey_n and_o of_o the_o cistertian_n order_n which_o be_v free_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o and_o this_o abbey_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o defendant_n wilshau_n to_o be_v continue_v by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n 13._o 31_o h._n 8._o c._n 13._o and_o so_o not_o dissolve_v till_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o whereupon_o the_o defendant_n be_v dismiss_v and_o discharge_v of_o payment_n of_o tithe_n by_o the_o stat._n of_o 31_o h._n i_o mention_v this_o case_n at_o large_a for_o the_o singularity_n not_o for_o any_o nicety_n in_o the_o learning_n of_o it_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o 31_o h._n 8._o c._n 8._o 8._o before_o mention_v there_o be_v a_o clause_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o patentee_n land_n the_o clause_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o that_o free_v abbey_n land_n which_o then_o have_v or_o then_o after_o shall_v have_v any_o monastery_n abbathy_n priory_n nunnery_n college_n hospital_n house_n of_o friar_n etc._n etc._n or_o any_o manor_n land_n etc._n etc._n which_o do_v belong_v to_o they_o shall_v have_v hold_v retain_v keep_v and_o enjoy_v the_o say_v manor_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o their_o estate_n and_o title_n discharge_v and_o acquit_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n as_o free_o and_o in_o as_o large_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o say_a abbot_n etc._n etc._n or_o any_o of_o they_o have_v hold_v occupy_v possess_v use_v retain_v or_o enjoy_v the_o same_o or_o any_o part_n thereof_o at_o the_o day_n of_o their_o dissolution_n and_o the_o reader_n be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o dissolution_n hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v four_o manner_n of_o legal_a and_o regular_a way_n which_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o wit_n 1._o by_o the_o bull_n of_o pope_n 2._o by_o real_a composition_n with_o the_o parson_n etc._n etc._n patron_n and_o ordinary_a 3._o by_o prescription_n and_o 4._o by_o order_n but_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o discharge_n though_o not_o a_o legal_a one_o have_v be_v allow_v in_o this_o case_n to_o make_v a_o 5._o sort_n of_o discharge_n and_o that_o be_v perpetual_a unity_n where_o the_o abbot_n have_v have_v the_o rectory_n of_o any_o church_n and_o land_n in_o the_o same_o parish_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n which_o have_v be_v hold_v free_a from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n by_o all_o the_o time_n of_o memory_n and_o of_o these_o several_a discharge_v i_o will_v speak_v in_o order_n and_o first_o of_o discharge_v by_o the_o pope_n bull_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v bull_n bull_n that_o when_o the_o pope_n usurp_v a_o power_n over_o the_o clergy_n here_o in_o england_n he_o do_v at_o his_o pleasure_n grant_v exemption_n to_o this_o or_o that_o abbey_n or_o to_o who_o else_o he_o please_v to_o be_v free_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n which_o be_v allow_v as_o a_o good_a discharge_n against_o the_o parson_n and_o vicar_n who_o in_o many_o place_n suffer_v by_o these_o bull_n to_o this_o day_n these_o bull_n be_v turn_v into_o prescription_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o sort_n of_o discharge_v be_v by_o real_a composition_n between_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n composition_n real_a composition_n and_o the_o abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n confirm_v by_o the_o patron_n and_o ordinary_a of_o these_o we_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a before_o in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o repeat_v it_o but_o pass_v to_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o discharge_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o discharge_v be_v by_o prescription_n of_o which_o we_o have_v likewise_o speak_v at_o large_a before_o in_o the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o reader_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v to_o the_o reader_n again_o in_o this_o place_n that_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o other_o religious_a person_n may_v prescribe_v general_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o payment_n or_o to_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n without_o any_o recompense_n to_o the_o parson_n etc._n etc._n but_o a_o layman_n can_v not_o prescribe_v absolute_o to_o be_v free_a from_o payment_n of_o tithe_n but_o sub_fw-la modo_fw-la that_o be_v pay_v or_o do_v something_o to_o or_o for_o the_o parson_n vicar_n etc._n etc._n in_o recompense_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o tithe_n as_o you_o may_v at_o large_a see_v in_o the_o chapter_n here_o before_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o no_o abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n can_v make_v any_o such_o prescription_n by_o the_o common_a law_n that_o be_v not_o found_v before_o the_o time_n of_o memory_n that_o be_v before_o the_o first_o year_n of_o r._n 1._o
indict_v those_o that_o sue_v in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n for_o substraction_n of_o tithe_n or_o compel_v they_o to_o desist_v by_o bond_n or_o otherwise_o but_o that_o law_n be_v now_o become_v obsolete_a and_o beside_o my_o purpose_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o every_o subject_a of_o england_n 20._o 27_o h._n 8._o c._n 20._o ireland_n wales_n callais_n and_o the_o march_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v according_a to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o after_o the_o laudable_a usage_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o parish_n or_o other_o place_n where_o he_o dwell_v or_o occupy_v shall_v yield_v and_o pay_v his_o tithe_n and_o offering_n and_o other_o duty_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o that_o for_o subtraction_n of_o such_o tithe_n etc._n etc._n may_v by_o due_a process_n of_o the_o king_n be_v ecclesiastical_a law_n consent_v the_o person_n etc._n etc._n so_o offend_v before_o his_o ordinary_a or_o other_o competent_a judge_n etc._n etc._n have_v authority_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o right_n tithe_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o compel_v the_o paâ—â—â—_n offend_v to_o do_v and_o yield_v their_o duty_n in_o that_o behalf_n and_o in_o case_n the_o ordinary_a etc._n etc._n for_o any_o contempt_n contumacy_n disobedience_n or_o other_o misdemeanour_n of_o the_o party_n defendant_n shall_v make_v information_n to_o any_o of_o the_o king_n most_o honourable_a council_n or_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o the_o offender_n dwellâ—_n to_o assist_v and_o aid_v the_o ordinary_a etc._n etc._n and_o to_o order_n and_o reform_v any_o such_o person_n in_o any_o cause_n before_o rehearse_v that_o then_o be_v of_o the_o king_n council_n or_o such_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n whereof_o one_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la to_o who_o such_o information_n or_o request_n shall_v be_v make_v shall_v have_v power_n to_o attach_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v attach_v the_o person_n or_o etc._n etc._n against_o who_o such_o information_n shall_v he_o make_v and_o to_o commit_v the_o same_o person_n to_o ward_n there_o to_o remain_v without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n until_o he_o etc._n etc._n shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a surety_n to_o be_v bind_v by_o recognisance_n or_o otherwise_o before_o the_o king_n counsellor_n or_o etc._n etc._n or_o any_o other_o like_o counsellor_n or_o justice_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n to_o give_v due_a obedience_n to_o the_o process_n and_o proceed_n decree_n and_o sentence_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n wherein_o such_o suit_n etc._n etc._n shall_v depend_v or_o be_v and_o further_o give_v power_n to_o the_o say_a counsellor_n or_o to_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n whereof_o one_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la to_o take_v receive_v and_o record_v such_o recognizance_n and_o bond_n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n in_o this_o act_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o london_n and_o another_o proviso_n that_o the_o party_n sue_v may_v have_v all_o legal_a defence_n appeal_n and_o prohibition_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o sort_n of_o tithe_n law_n observation_n upon_o this_o law_n mix_v and_o personal_a as_o well_o as_o predial_a next_o he_o that_o will_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o law_n must_v sue_v for_o the_o single_a value_n and_o not_o for_o the_o double_a value_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o three_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n may_v proceed_v upon_o this_o act_n for_o contempt_n contumacy_n or_o misdemeanour_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o sentence_n four_o the_o security_n upon_o this_o act_n may_v as_o well_o be_v by_o bond_n as_o recognizance_n last_o observe_v the_o wary_a pen_n of_o this_o act_n they_o must_v pay_v their_o tithe_n and_o other_o church_n duty_n according_a to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o laudable_a custom_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o place_n next_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v before_o who_o suit_n upon_o this_o statute_n shall_v be_v make_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o statute_n itself_o it_o must_v be_v before_o such_o judge_n as_o have_v jurisdiction_n of_o the_o cause_n so_o that_o it_o create_v or_o enlarge_v no_o jurisdiction_n the_o next_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v this_o matter_n be_v the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o 7._o 32_o h._n 8_o c._n 7._o by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n etc._n etc._n shall_v full_o true_o and_o effectual_o divide_v set_v out_o yield_v or_o pay_v all_o and_o singular_a tithe_n and_o offering_n according_a to_o the_o lawful_a custom_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o parish_n and_o place_n where_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o case_n any_o person_n etc._n etc._n to_o detain_v or_o withhold_v any_o of_o the_o say_a tithe_n or_o offering_n or_o any_o part_n or_o parcel_n thereof_o that_o then_o the_o person_n lay_v or_o etc._n etc._n shall_v and_o may_v convent_n the_o person_n or_o etc._n etc._n before_o the_o ordinary_a etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o proceed_v to_o sentence_n according_a to_o the_o process_n and_o course_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o that_o if_o any_o party_n appeal_v against_o the_o judge_n sentence_n he_o shall_v then_o assess_v the_o cost_v of_o his_o suit_n therein_o before_o expend_v and_o shall_v compel_v the_o appellant_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a cost_n by_o the_o compulsory_a process_n and_o censure_n of_o the_o say_a law_n take_v security_n of_o the_o say_a party_n to_o who_o the_o say_v cost_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o repay_v the_o same_o if_o the_o appeal_n be_v adjudge_v against_o he_o and_o if_o any_o person_n after_o sentence_n definitive_a give_v against_o he_o shall_v obstinate_o and_o wilful_o refuse_v to_o pay_v their_o tithe_n or_o the_o sum_n adjudge_v that_o then_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n whereof_o one_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la shall_v etc._n etc._n upon_o information_n certificate_n or_o complaint_n to_o they_o make_v by_o write_v by_o the_o say_v ecclesiastical_a judge_n etc._n etc._n cause_n the_o party_n refuse_v to_o be_v attach_v and_o commit_v to_o the_o next_o goal_n there_o to_o remain_v till_o he_o etc._n etc._n have_v find_v sufficient_a surety_n to_o be_v bind_v by_o recognizance_n or_o otherwise_o before_o the_o same_o justice_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n to_o perform_v the_o say_a definitive_a sentence_n provide_v that_o no_o person_n or_o etc._n etc._n to_o be_v sue_v or_o otherwise_o compel_v to_o yield_v give_v or_o pay_v any_o manner_n of_o tithe_n for_o any_o manor_n land_n etc._n etc._n which_o by_o the_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v discharge_v or_o not_o chargeable_a with_o etc._n etc._n tithe_n provide_v that_o this_o act_n shall_v not_o extend_v or_o be_v expound_v to_o give_v any_o remedy_n cause_n of_o action_n or_o suit_n in_o the_o court_v temperal_n against_o any_o person_n etc._n etc._n which_o shall_v refuse_v or_o deny_v to_o set_v out_o his_o or_o their_o tithe_n or_o which_o shall_v detain_v withhold_v or_o refuse_v to_o pay_v his_o tithe_n or_o offering_n or_o any_o parcel_n thereof_o but_o that_o in_o all_o such_o case_n the_o person_n or_o person_n be_v ecclesiastical_a or_o lay_v person_n have_v cause_n to_o demand_v or_o have_v the_o say_v tihe_n or_o offering_n or_o thereby_o wrong_v or_o grieve_v shall_v take_v and_o have_v their_o remedy_n for_o their_o say_a tithe_n and_o offering_n in_o every_o such_o case_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o say_a act_n mention_v and_o not_o otherwise_o any_o thing_n etc._n etc._n 1._o statute_n observation_n upon_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o preamble_n of_o this_o law_n that_o this_o act_n be_v particular_o design_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o impropriator_n who_o before_o this_o act_n be_v not_o capacitate_v to_o sue_v in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n for_o the_o subtraction_n of_o tithe_n and_o be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o find_v any_o other_o relief_n 2._o where_o by_o the_o former_a act_n the_o party_n for_o contumacy_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v compel_v to_o give_v security_n before_o sentence_n in_o this_o case_n of_o the_o lay_v impropriator_n the_o party_n can_v be_v compel_v to_o give_v security_n till_o after_o definitive_a sentence_n 3._o upon_o this_o law_n there_o must_v be_v two_o surety_n at_o least_o upon_o the_o former_a one_o suffice_v 4._o the_o security_n in_o this_o as_o the_o former_a may_v be_v by_o bond_n or_o recognizance_n 5._o whosoever_o will_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o act_n must_v sue_v particular_o upon_o this_o law_n for_o the_o single_a value_n and_o not_o for_o the_o double_a value_n upon_o the_o
between_o lay_a person_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o 25_o h._n 8._o 95._o 25_o h._n 8._o br._n jurisdiction_n 95._o that_o where_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n claim_v tithe_n in_o consideration_n of_o find_v a_o chaplain_n at_o such_o a_o chapel_n and_o the_o parishioner_n claim_v they_o likewise_o upon_o the_o same_o consideration_n that_o the_o right_n of_o these_o tithe_n be_v between_o lay_v person_n be_v triable_a at_o common_a law_n only_o and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o 7._o stat._n 32._o h._n 8._o cap._n 7._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o in_o all_o case_n where_o any_o person_n etc._n etc._n which_o then_o have_v or_o then_o after_o shall_v have_v any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n freehold_n etc._n etc._n in_o or_o to_o any_o parsonage_n vicarage_n portion_n pension_n tithe_n oblation_n and_o which_o then_o be_v or_o then_o after_o shall_v be_v make_v temporal_a or_o admit_v to_o be_v abaid_z and_o go_v to_o or_o in_o temporal_a hand_n and_o lay_v use_n and_o profit_n by_o the_o law_n etc._n etc._n shall_v then_o after_o fortune_n to_o be_v disseise_v deforce_v wrong_a or_o otherwise_o keep_v or_o put_v out_o from_o their_o lawful_a inheritance_n estate_n seisine_n possession_n occupation_n term_n right_o or_o interest_n of_o in_o or_o to_o the_o same_o or_o etc._n etc._n by_o any_o other_o person_n or_o etc._n etc._n claim_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v interest_n or_o title_n to_o the_o same_o that_o then_o and_o in_o every_o such_o case_n etc._n etc._n the_o person_n etc._n etc._n so_o disseise_v etc._n etc._n the_o heir_n wife_n etc._n etc._n shall_v and_o may_v have_v their_o remedy_n in_o the_o king_n temporal_a court_n or_o other_o temporal_a court_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o recover_n etc._n etc._n such_o inheritance_n etc._n etc._n by_o writ_n original_a of_o quod_fw-la ei_fw-la deferat_fw-la praecipe_fw-la quod_fw-la reddat_fw-la assize_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v etc._n etc._n so_o that_o since_o this_o statute_n the_o case_n be_v put_v out_o of_o all_o doubt_n that_o for_o such_o tithe_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v become_v lay-fee_n the_o right_a title_n and_o possession_n be_v become_v determinable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o real_a action_n ejectment_n and_o other_o personal_a action_n be_v bring_v of_o they_o as_o the_o case_n require_v daily_o and_o now_o have_v show_v in_o how_o many_o court_n conclusion_n conclusion_n and_o how_o many_o way_n tithe_n may_v be_v recover_v it_o call_v to_o my_o mind_n the_o fable_n of_o the_o fox_n and_o the_o cat_n who_o have_v but_o one_o way_n to_o shift_v for_o herself_o when_o the_o hunt_n man_n come_v but_o that_o one_o prove_v better_a and_o more_o secure_a than_o all_o the_o shift_n the_o fox_n have_v boast_v of_o for_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o be_v much_o better_o for_o the_o reverend_a clergy_n if_o they_o have_v one_o ready_a way_n to_o recover_v single_a damage_n with_o their_o cost_n of_o suit_n at_o common_a law_n where_o they_o may_v not_o be_v interrupt_v by_o prohibition_n and_o clash_v of_o jurisdiction_n and_o toss_v from_o one_o court_n to_o another_o than_o all_o these_o way_n i_o have_v mention_v and_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v hardly_o a_o lord_n in_o parliament_n nor_o many_o of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o that_o have_v not_o some_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o impropriation_n though_o they_o have_v no_o kindness_n to_o the_o church_n yet_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o concern_v have_v not_o to_o that_o purpose_n prefer_v some_o law_n in_o parliament_n before_o this_o time_n which_o may_v be_v do_v in_o a_o few_o line_n by_o give_v a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n at_o common_a law_n for_o the_o subtraction_n of_o tithe_n with_o cost_n or_o if_o the_o parliament_n shall_v think_v fit_a the_o small_a sort_n of_o tithe_n may_v be_v determine_v in_o a_o summary_n way_n by_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n with_o a_o appeal_n to_o the_o judge_n of_o assize_n but_o this_o i_o humble_o submit_v as_o i_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o better_a judgement_n i_o have_v now_o finish_v this_o small_a tract_n whereby_o i_o wish_v the_o reverend_a clergy_n may_v receive_v as_o much_o satisfaction_n as_o i_o desire_v whole_a the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o whole_a or_o they_o can_v expect_v and_o i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v all_o with_o a_o list_n of_o those_o monastery_n the_o land_n of_o which_o be_v only_o capable_a to_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n by_o order_n bull_n prescription_n real_a composition_n or_o otherwise_o that_o every_o clergy_n man_n may_v satisfy_v himself_o without_o further_a enquiry_n whether_o such_o monastery_n land_n as_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v in_o his_o parish_n etc._n etc._n may_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o to_o be_v free_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n and_o in_o the_o list_n follow_v i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o time_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o several_a monastery_n that_o be_v material_a to_o know_v for_o if_o they_o be_v found_v since_o the_o first_o year_n of_o r._n 1._o they_o can_v prescribe_v in_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la i_o have_v also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n set_v down_o what_o order_n the_o house_n be_v of_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v satisfy_v himself_o whether_o they_o be_v of_o any_o of_o those_o order_n that_o be_v privilege_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n for_o the_o valuation_n i_o have_v follow_v mr._n dugdale_n as_o be_v a_o sure_a author_n have_v observe_v many_o error_n in_o that_o of_o mr._n speed_n in_o the_o perusal_n of_o this_o catalogue_n you_o will_v find_v how_o many_o foundation_n be_v make_v of_o monastery_n in_o the_o first_o century_n after_o the_o conquest_n and_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n that_o if_o they_o have_v continue_v at_o that_o rate_n the_o great_a part_n if_o not_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n have_v by_o this_o day_n be_v monastery_n land_n but_o in_o king_n john_n time_n they_o begin_v to_o slack_v and_o in_o the_o nine_o of_o h._n charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 3._o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n be_v make_v after_o which_o you_o will_v find_v but_o few_o religious_a house_n as_o they_o be_v call_v found_v the_o cistertian_n order_n come_v into_o england_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1128._o and_o in_o the_o ensue_a table_n you_o may_v see_v how_o well_o they_o prosper_v that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n there_o shall_v be_v so_o many_o of_o the_o great_a abbey_n of_o that_o order_n the_o black_a canon_n regular_a of_o st._n 930⸪_n stow_n survey_n of_o london_n 930⸪_n augustine_n first_o come_v into_o england_n as_o mr._n stow_n say_v in_o the_o year_n 1108._o and_o be_v first_o place_v in_o trinity_n church_n within_o algate_n london_n but_o i_o rather_o think_v he_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o time_n for_o i_o find_v some_o monastery_n of_o that_o order_n before_o that_o time_n however_o the_o ensue_a catalogue_n will_v inform_v you_o of_o their_o increase_n and_o it_o be_v without_o dispute_n that_o the_o increase_n of_o monastery_n especial_o those_o of_o privilege_a order_n tend_v very_o much_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o secular_a clergy_n that_o have_v the_o cure_n of_o soul_n for_o beside_o the_o order_n that_o be_v privilege_v they_o appropriate_v all_o the_o church_n they_o can_v obtain_v and_o how_o ill_o they_o be_v serve_v a_o man_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n observe_v that_o peruse_v the_o statute_n of_o 15_o r._n 2._o and_o 4_o h._n 4._o for_o it_o appear_v by_o they_o that_o they_o endow_v no_o vicarage_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o appropriate_a church_n or_o so_o mean_o vicarage_n endowment_n of_o vicarage_n that_o the_o vicar_n can_v not_o live_v upon_o they_o and_o not_o at_o all_o hospitality_n practise_v and_o therefore_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n which_o have_v always_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o usurpation_n and_o exorbitance_n of_o rome_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o religious_a house_n destroy_v the_o church_n in_o the_o 15._o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o make_v a_o law_n 6._o 15_o r._n 2._o cap._n 6._o that_o the_o diocesan_n of_o the_o place_n where_o any_o church_n be_v to_o be_v appropriate_v shall_v take_v care_n the_o vicarage_n shall_v be_v well_o and_o sufficient_o endow_v beside_o a_o portion_n to_o the_o poor_a but_o this_o act_n not_o have_v the_o effect_n be_v desire_v and_o expect_v the_o bishop_n of_o those_o time_n be_v overawe_v by_o his_o holiness_n mandate_n or_o participate_v too_o much_o of_o his_o quality_n a_o second_o good_a act_n be_v make_v in_o the_o 14._o year_n of_o king_n h._n 12._o 4_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o 4._o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o