tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o those_o aid_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n they_o hold_v of_o towards_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conqueror_n come_v over_o but_o to_o observe_v your_o command_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o conquest_n the_o english_a for_o a_o time_n lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n till_o they_o again_o obtain_v they_o either_o by_o their_o mix_n with_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o all_o distinction_n between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a be_v take_v away_o or_o else_o they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o first_o k._n john_n and_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v the_o privilege_n of_o englishman_n into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o either_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o office_n or_o dignity_n or_o second_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o estate_n or_o last_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o trial_n for_o their_o life_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v the_o english_a native_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n suffer_v confideracie_n lesses_z and_o abridgement_n of_o their_o ancient_a 〈…〉_z liberty_n which_o they_o former_o enjoy_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n as_o to_o the_o first_o head_n ingâ—ph_n telâ—s_v we_o that_o the_o english_a be_v so_o hate_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o his_o time_n oxon._n that_o how_o well_o soever_o they_o deserve_v they_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o dignity_n and_o stranger_n though_o much_o less_o fit_a of_o any_o nation_n under_o heaven_n be_v take_v in_o their_o place_n 93._o and_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_v that_o england_n be_v then_o become_v the_o habitation_n of_o foreigner_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o stranger_n and_o that_o there_o be_v at_o that_o day_n no_o englishman_n a_o earl_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n but_o that_o stranger_n devour_v the_o riches_n and_o gnaw_v the_o bowel_n of_o england_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o hope_n of_o end_v this_o misery_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o total_o deprive_v of_o all_o office_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o consequent_o can_v have_v then_o no_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o nation_n both_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o tax_n and_o the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v mr._n petyt_n and_o yourself_o suppose_v you_o find_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o conqueror_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 36._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n so_o as_o nothing_o be_v exact_v or_o take_v unless_o their_o free-service_n which_o of_o right_n they_o ought_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v to_o we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o they_o and_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o we_o as_o a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o inheritance_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o common_a council_n will_v not_o help_v you_o for_o without_o doubt_n here_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o it_o for_o certain_o they_o will_v not_o grant_v away_o their_o own_o land_n to_o stranger_n these_o be_v the_o saxon_a land_n which_o william_n have_v give_v in_o fee_n to_o his_o soldier_n to_o hold_v they_o under_o such_o service_n as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o and_o that_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o point_n viz._n the_o privilege_n the_o englishman_n lose_v as_o to_o their_o estate_n for_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n you_o affirm_v the_o k._n can_v nor_o make_v law_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v certain_a k._n william_n and_o his_o immediate_a successor_n do_v by_o their_o sole_a authority_n exercise_v both_o these_o prerogative_n as_o for_o his_o legislative_a power_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o word_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n as_o you_o yourself_o have_v repeat_v it_o out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o roger_n hoveden_n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o oath_n be_v se_fw-la velle_fw-la reâ—â—am_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicire_fw-la now_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v then_o lodge_v in_o he_o why_o else_o do_v he_o swear_v to_o appoint_v right_a law_n for_o if_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v settle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o parliament_n can_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o other_o and_o that_o he_o can_v do_v so_o appear_v by_o that_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n 7._o which_o matthew_n paris_n as_o well_o as_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n impose_v upon_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o england_n which_o hold_v barony_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n he_o now_o say_v he_o put_v under_o military_a service_n sess_v all_o those_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n how_o many_o knight_n or_o soldier_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v find_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o put_v the_o roll_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a service_n in_o his_o treasury_n he_o cause_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n many_o ecclesiastic_n who_o oppose_v this_o wicked_a constitution_n now_o if_o he_o can_v do_v this_o upon_o so_o powerful_a a_o body_n as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v at_o this_o time_n he_o may_v certain_o as_o well_o raise_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o that_o k._n william_n upon_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n into_o england_n anglis_fw-la importabile_fw-la tributum_fw-la imposuit_fw-la lib._n 3._o p._n 278._o and_o that_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n impose_v what_o tax_n he_o will_v upon_o the_o people_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n appear_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o k._n as_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la pontificâ—m_fw-la concern_v ranulâ—_n who_o from_o a_o very_a mean_a clerk_n he_o make_v bishop_n of_o duâ—ham_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o rest_n i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a isle_n siquando_fw-la edictum_fw-la regium_fw-la processisset_fw-la ut_fw-la nominatum_fw-la tributum_fw-la anglia_fw-it penderet_fw-la duplum_fw-la adjiciâ—bat_fw-la subinde_fw-la idente_fw-la rege_fw-la ac_fw-la dicente_fw-la solum_fw-la esse_fw-la hominem_fw-la qui_fw-la sciret_fw-la sic_fw-la agitare_fw-la ingenium_fw-la nec_fw-la aliorum_fw-la curares_fw-la odium_fw-la dummodo_fw-la complaceret_fw-la dominum_fw-la so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o the_o king_n edict_n or_o proclamation_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o tax_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o his_o treasurer_n can_v double_v it_o when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v exercise_v by_o divers_a of_o his_o successor_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagiâ—_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o last_o head_n concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o what_o they_o be_v before_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v no_o other_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n but_o by_o juries_n or_o else_o by_o fire_n or_o water_n ordeal_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o dane_n the_o conqueror_n though_o he_o do_v not_o take_v way_n these_o yet_o also_o add_v the_o law_n then_o in_o use_n in_o normandy_n of_o try_v not_o only_o criminal_a but_o civil_a cause_n by_o duel_n or_o combat_n all_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o proof_n the_o accuser_n and_o accuse_v fight_v with_o their_o sword_n and_o the_o party_n vanquish_v be_v to_o lose_v his_o eye_n and_o stone_n but_o in_o civil_a cause_n they_o only_o fight_v with_o basâ—oons_n head_v with_o horn_n and_o buckler_n and_o he_o or_o his_o champion_n who_o be_v overcome_v lose_v the_o land_n that_o be_v contend_v for_o from_o whence_o you_o may_v take_v notice_n also_o of_o a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o law_n not_o only_o concern_v trial_n but_o capital_a punishment_n so_o that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n all_o crime_n even_o man_n slaughter_n itself_o be_v either_o â—ineable_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o
he_o bring_v over_o with_o he_o have_v as_o you_o suppose_v the_o great_a share_n of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n they_o will_v have_v be_v too_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n to_o be_v thus_o make_v slave_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o indeed_o his_o own_o law_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o in_o that_o very_a law_n it_o appear_v otherwise_o whereby_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n 55._o and_o that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v exact_v of_o they_o but_o their_o free_a service_n which_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v according_a as_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o by_o the_o k._n and_o it_o be_v grant_v they_o by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o ever_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o they_o have_v their_o land_n and_o liberty_n grant_v they_o for_o a_o hereditary_a right_n not_o only_o by_o the_o k._n but_o 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of_o duel_n or_o single_a combat_n in_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o criminal_a cause_n the_o chief_a argument_n you_o have_v for_o this_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o this_o trial_n by_o duel_n in_o our_o english_a saxon_n law_n before_o the_o conquest_n which_o be_v but_o a_o negative_a argument_n at_o the_o best_a and_o you_o can_v show_v i_o no_o ancient_a author_n that_o say_v express_o that_o k._n william_n introduce_v it_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v first_o mention_v in_o his_o law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o here_o before_o since_o it_o be_v certain_o in_o use_n among_o the_o franc_n and_o longobard_n who_o be_v german_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o saxon_n but_o admit_v it_o be_v first_o introduce_v by_o the_o conqueror_n this_o be_v no_o badge_n of_o conquest_n for_o the_o norman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a be_v subject_a to_o this_o trial_n which_o be_v in_o use_n in_o france_n and_o normandy_n 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doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a 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the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o prâ—nt_n on_o
must_v needs_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o signify_v only_o so_o after_o that_o time_n i_o shall_v join_v issue_n with_o you_o by_o and_o by_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o my_o next_o authority_n which_o be_v from_o ailrid_a abbot_n of_o rievallis_n 372._o who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n who_o in_o his_o life_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n election_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n tell_v we_o how_o ethelred_n his_o father_n call_v a_o great_a council_n about_o appoint_v a_o successor_n that_o hereupon_o say_v thus_o fit_a magnus_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la procerumque_fw-la conventus_fw-la magnus_fw-la plebis_fw-la pâ—lgique_a consensus_fw-la where_o you_o see_v apparent_o that_o the_o abbot_n make_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o that_o of_o the_o plebs_fw-la vulgus_fw-la or_o common_a 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confessor_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n but_o only_o to_o prove_v who_o be_v then_o suppose_v when_o this_o abbot_n write_v to_o make_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o wittena-gemot_a or_o parliament_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n which_o be_v then_o believe_v by_o all_o man_n to_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n high_a nobility_n and_o comâ—â—â—_n unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v that_o the_o abbot_n shall_v mention_v the_o commons_o by_o prophecy_n and_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v only_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o time_n which_o the_o author_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la make_v to_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n henry_n ii_o reign_n it_o will_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n to_o be_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n old_a than_o the_o early_a time_n you_o assign_v for_o it_o viz_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o the_o conclusion_n to_o 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sâ—lâ—â—niquâ—_n in_o it_o a_o deliberatione_n in_o comiciis_fw-la illis_fw-la responderunt_fw-la unanimes_fw-la irritam_fw-la plane_n fuissi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d donationem_fw-la illam_fw-la ut_fw-la pote_fw-la tam_fw-la sine_fw-la ordinum_fw-la assensu_fw-la quam_fw-la juran_n ento_z inaâ—guâ—aâ—i_fw-mi adversâ—n_n but_o of_o this_o great_a authority_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o in_o order_n of_o time_n since_o therefore_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o call_v it_o i_o desire_v that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o show_v i_o how_o they_o come_v to_o lose_v it_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o to_o be_v so_o long_o without_o it_o as_o until_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o if_o your_o author_n be_v to_o be_v credit_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o saxon_a 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period_n after_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o
be_v know_v who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o come_v to_o this_o council_n if_o these_o word_n have_v not_o be_v insert_v so_o that_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o these_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o when_o eadmerus_n and_o other_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n afterward_o call_v the_o parliament_n than_o their_o expression_n be_v more_o general_a and_o comprehensive_a for_o proof_n of_o which_o copy_n pray_v consult_v the_o old_a english_a saxon_a annal_n continue_v down_o to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n i._n wherein_o anno._n dom._n 1085._o be_v the_o last_o year_n of_o william_n i._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o english_a at_o christmas_n the_o king_n viz._n william_n i._o be_v at_o gloucester_n with_o his_o noble_n and_o there_o hold_v his_o curia_n or_o court_n in_o saxon_a his_o hire_a five_o day_n and_o immediate_o after_o it_o follow_v thus_o after_o this_o he_o hold_v a_o great_a council_n in_o saxon_n mycel_n getheat_n where_o he_o have_v many_o great_a discourse_n with_o the_o noble_n etc._n etc._n now_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o court_n here_o call_v his_o hire_v can_v not_o be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v it_o meet_v again_o so_o quick_o if_o it_o have_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o why_o be_v they_o here_o call_v by_o different_a title_n the_o one_o his_o hire_a or_o court_n and_o the_o other_o the_o mycel_n gatheaâ—_n 451._o the_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o call_v common_a concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o sir_n henry_n spellmans_fw-mi council_n in_o this_o very_a year_n and_o to_o show_v you_o more_o plain_o the_o difference_n between_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lesser_a council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la pray_v see_v eadmerus_n who_o relate_v what_o be_v do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o easter_n 58._o immediate_o before_o the_o invasion_n of_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n in_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o henry_n i._o say_v there_o meet_v tota_fw-la angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_n numerositate_fw-la and_o then_o archbishop_n anselm_n engage_v for_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v govern_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o just_a law_n thereof_o where_o you_o see_v that_o beside_o the_o noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n here_o call_v regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o commons_o here_o term_v in_o the_o barbarous_a latin_a of_o that_o age_n populi_n numerositas_fw-la but_o when_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o curia_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o the_o expression_n be_v more_o particular_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o many_o charter_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n to_o several_a abbey_n of_o their_o own_o foundation_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la tam_fw-la presulum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la as_o you_o will_v for_o example_n find_v it_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n i._n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o abington_n as_o it_o be_v exemplify_v in_o the_o ancient_a manuscript_n register_n of_o that_o abbey_n now_o in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n in_o which_o book_n you_o will_v find_v more_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n which_o plain_o make_v out_o this_o difference_n between_o this_o less_o council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o pay_v see_v the_o instrument_n of_o king_n john_n resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o the_o 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whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o earldom_n and_o barony_n who_o meet_v according_a to_o custom_n at_o the_o king_n court_n and_o hence_o
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church_n and_o monastery_n of_o all_o the_o plate_n money_n and_o jewel_n which_o he_o find_v in_o they_o even_o to_o the_o very_a chalaw_n and_o shrine_n as_o matthew_n paris_n and_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o he_o do_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o likewise_o according_a as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o he_o begin_v to_o show_v himself_o a_o conqueror_n or_o rather_o a_o tyrant_n in_o the_o take_n away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a without_o any_o just_a cause_n but_o however_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n do_v not_o make_v so_o great_a a_o tyrant_n of_o your_o conqueror_n as_o the_o doctor_n for_o william_n of_o poictou_n express_o tell_v we_o who_o be_v chaplain_n to_o this_o king_n 208._o concern_v his_o take_n away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o norman_n that_o nulli_fw-la tamen_fw-la gallo_n datum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la anglo_n cviquam_fw-la injustè_fw-fr fuerit_fw-la ablatum_fw-la and_o ordoricus_n vitalis_n speak_v of_o his_o deal_n with_o the_o english_a it_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n say_v express_o 506._o neminem_fw-la nisi_fw-la quèm_fw-la non_fw-la damnare_fw-la iniquum_fw-la foret_fw-la damnavit_fw-la and_o therefore_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_a out_o of_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o shurnborn_a in_o norfolk_n 184._o that_o edwin_n of_o sharborn_n and_o several_a other_o that_o be_v eject_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n go_v to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o never_o either_o before_o or_o in_o or_o after_o the_o conquest_n they_o be_v against_o he_o the_o say_a king_n either_o by_o their_o advice_n or_o any_o other_o aid_n but_o keep_v themselves_o peaceable_o and_o quiet_o and_o this_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v out_o which_o way_n soever_o the_o king_n please_v to_o appoint_v whereupon_o the_o say_a king_n order_v a_o inquisition_n to_o be_v make_v throughout_o 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heir_n within_o age_n of_o such_o tenant_n but_o this_o extend_v not_o to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o subject_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n dicitur_fw-la regale_n seâ—vitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestis_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereupon_o sir_n e._n c._n note_n in_o the_o margin_n the_o tenure_n as_o before_o it_o appear_v be_v not_o then_o invent_v but_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o tenure_n of_o the_o k._n viz._n wardship_n and_o marriage_n which_o be_v bracton_n meaning_n so_o as_o the_o conqueror_n provide_v for_o himself_o but_o other_o lord_n at_o the_o first_o by_o special_a reservation_n since_o the_o conquest_n provide_v upon_o gift_n of_o land_n for_o themselves_o regis_fw-la ad_fw-la exemplum_fw-la totuâ—_fw-la componitur_fw-la orbis_fw-la wherein_o that_o which_o we_o have_v from_o the_o conqueror_n we_o free_o 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wales_n though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v immediate_o declare_v king_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o edward_n the_o 3_o d._n who_o be_v so_o declare_v upon_o the_o deposition_n or_o resignation_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 2_o d._n f._n though_o i_o grant_v ever_o since_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v claim_v by_o descent_n the_o law_n have_v go_v as_o you_o have_v cite_v it_o and_o that_o finche_n law_n lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o maxim_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o original_n of_o kingly_a government_n whether_o we_o look_v before_o or_o after_o you_o conquest_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o throne_n be_v often_o vacant_a till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v agree_v who_o shall_v fill_v it_o and_o to_o show_v you_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o good_a authority_n pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o maxim_n have_v then_o obtain_v why_o after_o 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the_o empress_n immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n king_n henry_n the_o first_o do_v not_o take_v nor_o yet_o her_o husband_n the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n in_o her_o right_n the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n though_o she_o have_v have_v homage_n pay_v she_o and_o fealty_n swear_v to_o she_o in_o the_o life-time_n of_o her_o father_n as_o the_o immediate_a successor_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o utmost_a title_n she_o can_v assume_v be_v that_o of_o domina_fw-la anglorum_fw-la lady_n or_o mistress_n not_o queen_n of_o the_o english_a whilst_o stephen_n who_o have_v no_o other_o title_n but_o the_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n hold_v both_o the_o crown_n and_o title_n of_o king_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v as_o also_o why_o arthur_n duke_n of_o britain_n who_o according_a to_o the_o now_o receive_a rule_n of_o succession_n be_v the_o next_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o 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as_o england_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o election_n of_o the_o people_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o by_o the_o kindness_n of_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n his_o godfather_n and_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o norman_a baron_n who_o come_v over_o with_o his_o father_n as_o well_o as_o out_o of_o hatred_n to_o duke_n robert_n his_o elder_a brother_n that_o he_o be_v thus_o make_v king_n so_o that_o william_n rufus_n claim_v as_o a_o testamentary_a heir_n 368._o and_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o claim_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o lanfranc_n and_o the_o bishop_n faction_n who_o then_o sway_v the_o people_n but_o yet_o never_o own_v any_o election_n from_o they_o so_o that_o if_o you_o right_o consider_v this_o story_n you_o can_v call_v it_o a_o election_n but_o a_o designation_n or_o nomination_n by_o his_o father_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o consent_v to_o by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o 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to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o 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this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o 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that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o 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therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o begin_v with_o your_o instance_n of_o offa_n give_v that_o boon_n to_o the_o roman_a school_n i_o think_v the_o authority_n you_o bring_v for_o it_o be_v very_o slight_a for_o though_o i_o own_o that_o matthew_n paris_z who_o write_v his_o life_n relate_v this_o donation_n to_o have_v be_v make_v at_o rome_n without_o mention_v any_o consent_n or_o confirmation_n of_o his_o great_a council_n yet_o this_o seem_v but_o a_o imperfect_a account_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n who_o be_v not_o so_o exact_a in_o such_o matter_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v and_o therefore_o though_o offa_n do_v give_v or_o vow_v these_o penny_n at_o rome_n yet_o the_o gift_n may_v receive_v its_o force_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n after_o he_o come_v home_o since_o all_o his_o law_n and_o the_o act_n of_o his_o council_n be_v lose_v unless_o it_o be_v one_o which_o sir_n h._n spelman_n have_v give_v we_o from_o such_o remain_n as_o have_v be_v save_v out_o of_o the_o library_n of_o several_a monastery_n at_o their_o dissolution_n and_o this_o contain_v no_o less_o than_o the_o consent_n and_o confirmation_n of_o his_o great_a council_n assemble_v at_o calcuith_n anno_fw-la 940._o for_o the_o foundation_n and_o endowment_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n alban_n as_o also_o that_o of_o another_o council_n at_o verulam_n for_o the_o confer_v of_o divers_a other_o land_n of_o his_o own_o to_o that_o monastery_n now_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o judge_v whether_o that_o king_n who_o can_v not_o bestow_v his_o own_o demesne_n upon_o the_o church_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v give_v away_o at_o once_o the_o 30_o penny_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n estate_n for_o ever_o without_o their_o consent_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o donation_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o penny_n by_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v communi_fw-la confilio_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o that_o the_o saxon_a king_n can_v not_o bestow_v their_o land_n upon_o religious_a uses_n 340._o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n where_o baldred_n king_n of_o kent_n be_v a_o evident_a example_n who_o though_o he_o have_v give_v the_o manor_n of_o malling_n in_o sussex_n to_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n yet_o because_o his_o principes_fw-la and_o great_a man_n that_o be_v his_o great_a council_n consent_v not_o thereto_o it_o be_v revoke_v until_o king_n egbert_n and_o his_o son_n ethelwulf_n do_v afterward_o renew_v the_o say_a grant_n 340._o with_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o kingston_n an._n 840._o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n last_o cite_v and_o i_o be_o sure_a after_o the_o heptarchy_n when_o our_o king_n be_v more_o powerful_a the_o same_o king_n ethelwulf_n can_v not_o by_o his_o mere_a prerogative_n grant_v the_o tithe_n of_o his_o subject_n estate_n to_o the_o clergy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o principal_a man_n hold_v at_o winchester_n an._n gratia_n 855._o and_o entitle_v thus_o celebris_fw-la ilâ—_n donatio_fw-la ethelwulfi_n regis_fw-la decimae_fw-la manfionis_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la benorum_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la svam_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la factae_fw-la confirmaâ—â—â—_n 348._o m._n i_o grant_v that_o perhaps_o these_o king_n can_v not_o dispose_v of_o their_o own_o land_n or_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n any_o more_o than_o the_o king_n of_o france_n can_v former_o yet_o i_o hope_v they_o be_v absolute_a monarch_n for_o all_o that_o f._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o have_v be_v somewhat_o long_o in_o answer_v your_o example_n of_o king_n offa._n but_o i_o will_v now_o show_v you_o that_o they_o can_v no_o more_o make_v law_n than_o dispose_n of_o their_o own_o or_o their_o subject_n estate_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o which_o you_o yourself_o may_v easy_o have_v see_v if_o you_o have_v please_v to_o have_v consult_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n as_o diligent_o as_o you_o have_v do_v mr._n lambard_n for_o there_o you_o may_v have_v find_v that_o about_o the_o year_n 712._o 219._o king_n ina_n assemble_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o make_v ecclesiastical_a law_n concern_v marriage_n etc._n etc._n and_o do_v other_o thing_n ad_fw-la concordiam_fw-la publicam_fw-la promovendam_fw-la peâ—_n commune_v consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la priâ—cipum_fw-la procerum_fw-la 54._o comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seâ—iorum_fw-la &_o popillorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o if_o you_o will_v please_v to_o look_v into_o the_o decem-scripâ—ores_a you_o will_v find_v how_o althesian_n
law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o title_n of_o they_o which_o run_v thus_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la quae_fw-la sapientes_fw-la exoniae_fw-la consilio_fw-la adelâ—â—â—i_n regis_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la &_o iterum_fw-la apud_fw-la feuresham_n &_o tertia_fw-la vice_fw-la apud_fw-la thundresfeldium_fw-la ubi_fw-la hoc_fw-la definitum_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o confirmatum_fw-la est_fw-la so_o also_o king_n ethelred_n hold_v at_o london_n 992._o a_o great_a council_n and_o make_v law_n consilio_fw-la jussuque_fw-la regis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la aethelredi_fw-la procerumque_fw-la suorum_fw-la de_fw-la tota_fw-la anglia_fw-it etc._n etc._n look_v also_o into_o the_o title_n of_o king_n ethelred_n law_n in_o bromptons_n chronicle_n where_o you_o will_v read_v these_o word_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la concilium_fw-la quod_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la svi_fw-la condixerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la &_o augmentum_fw-la pacis_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la apud_fw-la wodestocam_fw-la in_o mircena_n landa_n 894._o id_fw-la est_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la mircenorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o concilium_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v law_n or_o decree_n to_o instance_n in_o one_o more_o out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n still_o from_o the_o title_n to_o another_o set_a of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o same_o king_n 895._o hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la svi_fw-la constituerunt_fw-la apud_fw-la venetyngum_fw-la ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la pacis_fw-la &_o felicitatis_fw-la incrementum_fw-la see_v likewise_o in_o monasticon_fw-la anglicanum_n the_o first_o volume_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1024._o where_o canuâ—us_o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o primatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la expulit_fw-la clericos_fw-la inhonesâ—e_fw-la viventes_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la sancti_fw-la edmundi_fw-la &_o monachos_fw-la in_o illâ_fw-la constituit_fw-la and_o the_o same_o king_n câ—â—te_n bestow_v divers_a land_n and_o other_o privilege_n on_o the_o monastery_n then_o call_v briadricesworth_n afterward_o st._n edmunds_n bury_v cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n by_o which_o he_o grant_v divers_a land_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la optimatum_fw-la from_o all_o which_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n the_o legislative_a or_o enact_v power_n be_v in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o sapientes_fw-la or_o wites_z conjunct_o with_o the_o king_n and_o that_o none_o of_o these_o saxon_a king_n can_v pass_v any_o law_n or_o make_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o state_n without_z not_o only_o the_o advice_n but_o consent_v of_o their_o great_a council_n which_o then_o consist_v of_o their_o bishop_n great_a lord_n principal_a freeholder_n and_o the_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o town_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v another_o time_n and_o be_v not_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la to_o call_v who_o he_o please_v thereunto_o and_o as_o the_o word_n decretum_fw-la signify_v decree_n or_o order_n so_o likewise_o may_v the_o word_n consilium_fw-la here_o signify_v something_o more_o than_o bare_a advice_n viz._n agreement_n or_o appointment_n which_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v any_o ordinary_a dictionary_n you_o may_v present_o satisfy_v yourself_o in_o but_o before_o i_o dismiss_v this_o argument_n i_o can_v but_o remark_n upon_o your_o instance_n of_o king_n edmund_n make_v law_n alone_o because_o he_o there_o speak_v in_o the_o first_o person_n plural_a dictionary_n whereas_o if_o you_o will_v but_o consult_v the_o proem_n to_o those_o law_n once_o again_o you_o will_v i_o doubt_v not_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o have_v ask_v advice_n of_o the_o council_n or_o assembly_n of_o clergy_n and_o laic_n that_o be_v seem_v good_a to_o they_o all_o as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o we_o thus_o ordain_v by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o last_o word_n wherein_o the_o ordain_v part_n reside_v refer_v as_o well_o to_o the_o whole_a assembly_n as_o to_o the_o king_n m_o the_o government_n of_o our_o english_a saxon_n king_n be_v i_o confess_v very_o dark_a and_o obscure_a for_o according_a to_o our_o ancient_a historian_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v very_o absolute_a though_o when_o we_o come_v to_o look_v in_o oâ—_n the_o lâ—ws_n themselves_o i_o confess_v they_o seem_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v limit_v king_n than_o abolish_v monarch_n though_o whether_o that_o limitation_n proceed_v from_o the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n or_o their_o own_o free_a consent_n and_o concession_n be_v a_o very_a great_a question_n though_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o the_o former_a and_o shall_v give_v you_o my_o reason_n for_o it_o when_o we_o come_v to_o discourse_n on_o that_o subject_a but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o in_o reply_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n you_o will_v find_v the_o supreme_a legislative_a power_n to_o have_v be_v then_o whâ—ly_o in_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v so_o still_o notwithstanding_o some_o ambiguous_a expression_n to_o the_o contrary_a or_o else_o our_o king_n will_v not_o be_v what_o i_o think_v they_o real_o be_v absolute_a monarch_n but_o to_o descend_v to_o time_n less_o obscure_a dâ—in_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o when_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n first_o come_v in_o as_o he_o win_v the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o sword_n so_o do_v he_o govern_v it_o by_o his_o sole_a power_n his_o sword_n be_v then_o the_o sceptre_n and_o his_o will_n the_o law_n there_o be_v no_o need_n on_o his_o part_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n much_o less_o of_o call_v all_o the_o estate_n together_o to_o know_v of_o they_o after_o what_o form_n and_o by_o what_o law_n they_o will_v be_v govern_v it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v of_o he_o as_o in_o the_o flourish_a and_o best_a time_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placuit_fw-la lâ—gis_fw-la habet_fw-la vigorem_fw-la that_o whatsoever_o the_o king_n will_v do_v pass_v for_o law_n this_o king_n and_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n be_v then_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o have_v a_o despotical_a power_n on_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o their_o subject_n which_o they_o dispose_v of_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o friend_n and_o follower_n norman_n french_a and_o flemings_n as_o to_o they_o seem_v best_a but_o as_o the_o subject_n find_v the_o yoke_n to_o be_v too_o heavy_a and_o insupportable_a so_o they_o address_v themselves_o in_o their_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n their_o sovereign_n to_o have_v that_o yoke_n make_v easy_a and_o their_o burden_n light_a especial_o in_o such_o particular_n of_o which_o they_o be_v most_o sensible_a at_o the_o present_a time_n by_o this_o mean_n they_o obtain_v first_o to_o have_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o by_o the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o pour_v out_o their_o prayer_n and_o desire_n unto_o they_o do_v they_o obtain_v most_o of_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n which_o be_v now_o remain_v of_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o third_z and_o k._n ed._n i._n from_o who_o aâ—_n also_o from_o hen._n i._n and_o k._n john_n we_o may_v derive_v all_o those_o privilege_n we_o now_o enjoy_v most_o of_o which_o as_o they_o be_v issue_v at_o the_o first_o either_o in_o form_n of_o charter_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n or_o else_o as_o proclamation_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n so_o do_v they_o carry_v still_o this_o mark_n of_o their_o first_o procure_v by_o these_o expression_n the_o king_n will_v the_o king_n command_v the_o king_n ordain_v the_o king_n provide_v the_o king_n grant_v etc._n etc._n and_o when_o the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o call_v their_o estate_n together_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o a_o opinion_n that_o they_o can_v not_o part_v with_o their_o power_n or_o dispense_v their_o favour_n as_o they_o think_v good_a or_o abate_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o soverity_n of_o their_o former_a government_n without_o the_o approbation_n and_o consent_n of_o their_o people_n but_o out_o of_o a_o just_a fear_n lest_o any_o one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n 〈◊〉_d mean_v the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o the_o commons_o shall_v insist_v on_o any_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o other_o two_o the_o commons_o be_v always_o on_o the_o crave_v part_n and_o suffer_v as_o much_o perhaps_o from_o their_o immediate_a lord_n as_o from_o their_o king_n may_v possible_o have_v ask_v something_o be_v which_o be_v as_o much_o derogatory_n to_o the_o lord_n under_o who_o they_o hold_v as_o of_o their_o sovereign_a liege_n the_o king_n the_o chief_a lord_n of_o all_o in_o this_o respect_n
atque_fw-la supâ—_n mâ—nerâ—_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alle_fw-mi my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la appâ—â—labantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la totiâ—â—_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v 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lombard_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o goth_n gothicam_fw-la from_o who_o also_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v their_o original_a and_o have_v the_o like_a fundamental_a constitution_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o much_o the_o same_o law_n but_o that_o the_o title_n of_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la be_v often_o attribute_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v explain_v to_o you_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o divers_a petition_n be_v direct_v a_o tres_fw-la sage_n les_fw-fr commune_v and_o sure_o whosoever_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o county_n city_n or_o borough_n as_o their_o representative_a and_o be_v by_o they_o think_v wise_a enough_o to_o be_v trust_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o may_v very_o well_o i_o think_v be_v call_v in_o old_a english_a a_o wite_n or_o in_o our_o modern_a dialect_n a_o disercet_a or_o wise_a man_n but_o let_v this_o word_n wite_v signify_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o mean_v here_o great_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o since_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o law_n be_v then_o a_o trade_n or_o profession_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o those_o day_n have_v not_o any_o more_o voice_n in_o make_v law_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o any_o more_o to_o do_v in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o bare_a draw_v of_o they_o up_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v since_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o power_n in_o those_o day_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v our_o king_n will_v ever_o have_v let_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o their_o prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a other_o authority_n though_o of_o late_a date_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v often_o include_v under_o the_o word_n sapientes_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o i_o refer_v those_o for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v so_o
be_v the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o authority_n before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o the_o person_n who_o the_o historian_n relate_v to_o have_v perish_v by_o this_o fall_n of_o the_o council_n chamber_n to_o have_v be_v all_o of_o they_o actual_a member_n of_o that_o assembly_n since_o there_o may_v have_v be_v there_o divers_a person_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n may_v have_v be_v present_v auditor_n or_o looker_n on_o it_o not_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o hold_v those_o council_n so_o private_o as_o we_o do_v now_o so_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o common_a or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v here_o ignobiles_fw-la and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o inferior_a gentry_n too_o be_v there_o may_v all_o partake_v of_o this_o common_a ruin_n and_o so_o pay_v dear_a for_o their_o needless_a curiosity_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o do_v not_o assent_v to_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o i_o can_v believe_v unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n for_o it_o that_o ever_o the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgus_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n you_o take_v they_o be_v let_v in_o only_a to_o gaze_v at_o such_o assembly_n for_o what_o room_n can_v have_v contain_v so_o great_a a_o crowd_n and_o if_o they_o be_v in_o those_o day_n so_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n please_v to_o make_v they_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o crowd_n into_o the_o great_a council_n then_o any_o more_o than_o now_o when_o you_o allow_v they_o more_o liberty_n and_o great_a privilege_n than_o they_o then_o enjoy_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o stick_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n opinion_n who_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n who_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o this_o ruin_n but_o let_v this_o pass_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v you_o a_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v under_o king_n ethelred_n which_o will_v farther_o confirm_v our_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la which_o council_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o one_a volume_n of_o monasticâ—â—_n anglic_n contain_v a_o concession_n and_o confirmation_n of_o divers_a privilege_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o wolverhampton_n in_o these_o word_n 2._o haec_fw-la decreta_fw-la sunt_fw-la sigerich_n archiepiscopi_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la ethelredo_fw-la &_o eboracensi_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la britanniâ—_n seu_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la ducibus_fw-la &_o popâ—lo_fw-la terrae_fw-la where_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o the_o populus_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n aforego_v to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o danish_a invasion_n and_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o king_n knute_n who_o after_o he_o be_v make_v king_n partly_o by_o conquest_n and_o partly_o by_o election_n yet_o alter_v nothing_o of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o therefore_o florence_n of_o worcester_n tell_v we_o that_o anno_fw-la 1017_o being_n the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 619._o he_o divide_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o four_o part_n and_o also_o foedus_fw-la cum_fw-la principibus_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o illi_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la parcus_fw-la cessâ—runt_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o populus_fw-la or_o commons_o be_v put_v distinct_a by_o this_o author_n from_o the_o great_a lordâ—_n or_o nobleman_n here_o call_v principes_fw-la and_o this_o council_n be_v call_v by_o abbot_n bromton_n in_o his_o history_n parliamentum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la 908._o and_o also_o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o briadricesworth_n since_o call_v st._n edmundsbâ—ry_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v thus_o recite_v ego_fw-la cnut_n rex_fw-la totius_fw-la albionis_fw-la insulae_fw-la &_o aliarum_fw-la nationum_fw-la plurâ—marum_fw-la in_fw-la cathedra_fw-la regali_fw-la promotus_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la eligi_fw-la sanciend_n whence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v other_o person_n of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n or_o order_n to_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o earl_n there_o mention_v and_o these_o can_v mean_v no_o other_o than_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o these_o council_n m._n i_o can_v believe_v you_o have_v yet_o prove_v it_o for_o though_o i_o have_v hitherto_o omit_v to_o give_v you_o my_o thought_n of_o this_o word_n fidelium_fw-la yet_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o once_o for_o all_o that_o by_o this_o word_n be_v not_o here_o mean_v or_o any_o where_o else_o in_o our_o saxon_a law_n to_o be_v understand_v the_o ordinary_a or_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o but_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v then_o call_v the_o king_n thanes_z and_o be_v afterward_o the_o same_o with_o the_o barones_n minores_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n s_o charter_n but_o i_o shall_v plain_o prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la after_o the_o conquest_n signify_v only_o the_o king_n s_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o mirite_n who_o we_o find_v to_o be_v witness_n after_o the_o duke_n or_o earl_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n cnute_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v this_o word_n fideles_fw-la do_v in_o a_o common_a or_o large_a acceptation_n signify_v all_o such_o subject_n as_o owe_v fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n yet_o in_o a_o strict_a and_o legal_a signification_n as_o it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v take_v it_o signify_v only_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o dr._n b._n have_v very_o well_o show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n and_o therefore_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n himself_o distinguish_v between_o these_o and_o all_o other_o subject_n fideles_fw-la in_o these_o word_n interâ—um_fw-la specialiter_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la â—dem_fw-la qui_fw-la vasalli_n qui_fw-la fâ—udo_fw-la accâ—pto_fw-la in_o patron_n fide_fw-la &_o cliâ—ntela_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicissimque_fw-la suamci_fw-la certi_fw-la obsequii_fw-la nomine_fw-la fidem_fw-la astrinxerunt_fw-la but_o indeed_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o understand_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n for_o then_o all_o that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o be_v call_v fideles_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o all_o the_o man_n in_o england_n above_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n must_v have_v be_v there_o in_o person_n which_o will_v have_v be_v a_o pretty_a large_a assembly_n and_o such_o a_o multitude_n as_o no_o one_o place_n can_v have_v contain_v they_o f._n if_o what_o dr._n b._n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o norman_a history_n pag._n 157._o as_o also_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n pag._n 20._o be_v true_a 156._o that_o fendal_n tenor_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n though_o in_o other_o place_n he_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n then_o certain_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la must_v have_v be_v use_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o must_v have_v extend_v to_o all_o those_o who_o be_v bind_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n in_o the_o folk_n mote_n or_o county_n court_n as_o they_o do_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o aught_o to_o do_v so_o still_o if_o require_v and_o therefore_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la can_v be_v then_o no_o more_o limit_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o that_o time_n than_o it_o be_v now_o who_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o can_v not_o all_o be_v present_a in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o person_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o by_o their_o delegate_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o who_o may_v also_o consist_v of_o far_o great_a number_n than_o they_o now_o do_v since_o we_o find_v in_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n but_o now_o mention_v that_o after_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o add_v aliorâ—mque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o great_a multitude_n sure_o must_v have_v signify_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o chief_a thanes_z or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z or_o else_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la may_v very_o well_o have_v comprehend_v all_o the_o degree_n of_o layman_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o by_o some_o better_a authority_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o word_n fideles_fw-la
in_o these_o two_o quotation_n since_o in_o that_o out_o of_o camden_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o he_o have_v true_o quote_v that_o author_n as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n and_o if_o he_o afterwares_o alter_v it_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o displease_v the_o great_a nobility_n who_o that_o quotation_n have_v before_o shockt_v than_o out_o of_o any_o sense_n of_o his_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o out_o of_o a_o nameless_a manuscript_n author_n that_o henry_n iii_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o baron_n which_o be_v seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o they_o only_o by_o writ_n to_o parliament_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o he_o suppose_v all_o those_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o no_o lord_n as_o now_o 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these_o vavassores_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la who_o do_v not_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v man_n of_o so_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n as_o these_o who_o he_o here_o reckon_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n shall_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n be_v altogether_o improbable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o this_o of_o bracton_n du_n fresne_n in_o his_o lexicon_n tit._n vavasor_n tell_v we_o 1262._o that_o vavassorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la ordines_fw-la sub_fw-la majorum_fw-la apellatione_fw-la implectuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n apellantur_fw-la sub_fw-la â—norum_fw-la vero_fw-la quos_fw-la vulgò_fw-la vavassores_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n reg._n ang._n thaine_n minores_fw-la respectu_fw-la thainorum_fw-la majorum_fw-la qui_fw-la baronibus_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la but_o that_o these_o lesser_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n be_v also_o style_v barones_n sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n baro_n 70._o etiam_fw-la barones_n comitum_fw-la procer_fw-la umque_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la barones_n subalterni_fw-la &_o baronum_n barones_n sâ—pissime_fw-la leguntur_fw-la and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v we_o many_o example_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o chief_a tenant_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n above_o mention_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o author_n a_o leaf_n or_o two_o far_a speak_v of_o the_o barones_n of_o london_n mention_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o understand_v they_o pro_fw-la civibus_fw-la praestantioribus_fw-la qui_fw-la socnas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la i._n e._n curias_n habuerunt_fw-la &_o privilegia_fw-la eorum_fw-la instar_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n nor_o do_v this_o title_n of_o barones_n extend_v to_o london_n alone_o but_o he_o also_o immediate_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o 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deny_v all_o history_n and_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o law-book_n too_o and_o if_o you_o grant_v it_o you_o must_v confess_v that_o every_o baron_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n he_o must_v then_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o baro_n regis_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n such_o as_o you_o mention_v many_o in_o those_o time_n such_o as_o be_v tenant_n to_o great_a lord_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o who_o we_o find_v frequent_a mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o charter_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o man_n who_o have_v ever_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o ever_o they_o appear_v there_o before_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v and_o i_o will_v also_o have_v you_o inform_v yourself_o of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n if_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o kind_n 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communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la can_v mean_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o viz._n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v grant_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n only_o who_o say_v you_o represent_v the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o then_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v this_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o at_o this_o rate_n no_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v pay_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o tax_n nor_o yet_o the_o king_n tenant_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o castle_n or_o honour_n nor_o last_o any_o tenant_n in_o socage_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o kent_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o county_n as_o mr._n taylour_n prove_v in_o his_o history_n of_o gauâ—l-kâ—nd_a so_o that_o if_o your_o tenant_n 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militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it possint_fw-la sistentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la siâ—ut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sus_fw-la diligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno._n regni_n nostr_n xxv_o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la â—iâ—ri_fw-la faciant_fw-la where_o you_o may_v note_n that_o all_o man_n who_o hold_v the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n either_o by_o military_a or_o socage_n tenure_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v knight_n provide_v they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o reckon_a and_o tax_v estate_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n that_o be_v at_o 20â—_n per_fw-la an._n be_v then_o common_o use_v but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o objection_n that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o that_o which_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v you_o that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la use_v in_o your_o record_n be_v there_o to_o be_v understand_v restrictive_o and_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n viz._n the_o community_n of_o freeholders_n or_o land-holders_n of_o the_o who_o kingdom_n only_o since_o this_o tax_n be_v whole_o upon_o land_n the_o commons_o of_o city_n and_o burrough_n then_o call_v communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o buâ—gorum_n who_o estate_n lay_v in_o money_n or_o good_n can_v not_o be_v tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o if_o we_o have_v the_o record_n of_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n now_o leave_v we_o which_o be_v lose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o also_o contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o make_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n a_o knight_n as_o for_o your_o record_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o edw._n iii_o it_o be_v but_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o this_o of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o the_o same_o answer_n will_v serve_v for_o both_o only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o whereas_o you_o have_v often_o assert_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v only_o signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la now_o you_o fall_v a_o peg_n low_a and_o it_o must_v at_o last_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n well_o then_o you_o gâ—ant_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o far_o that_o it_o must_v mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o pâ—ay_o see_v this_o very_a record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n 173._o which_o be_v long_o i_o shaâ—l_v trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o than_o what_o make_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n intend_v to_o make_v his_o son_n prince_z edward_z a_o knight_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o appoint_v what_o aid_n they_o will_v grant_v the_o king_n towards_o it_o and_o than_o it_o follow_v thus_o that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o as_o also_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n being_n mer_o treat_v together_o with_o deliberation_n upon_o this_o matter_n consider_v that_o a_o aid_n be_v due_a to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n beside_o the_o burden_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o scotch_a war_n at_o lengh_n they_o unanimous_o domino_fw-la regni_fw-la concâ—ssâ—runt_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la sâ—_n &_o â—â—tâ_fw-la communitate_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la â—ricesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la bunâ—â—um_fw-la suorum_fw-la â—â—mporalium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la for_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n and_o towards_o his_o expense_n of_o his_o war_n in_o scotland_n aâ—d_v then_o the_o cives_fw-la &_o â—u_n genses_fw-la civet_fw-la â—â—um_fw-la ac_fw-la burgorum_n â—c_z caeteri_fw-la de_fw-fr dominiâ—s_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la congregati_fw-la treat_v about_o the_o premise_n and_o consider_v the_o burden_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n not_o mention_v any_o aid_n for_o make_v his_o â—on_n knight_n as_o not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knights-fee_n oâ—_n service_n and_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o liable_a to_o it_o dâ—mino_fw-la râ—gâ—_n un_fw-fr inimitie_n ob_fw-la cauâ—as_fw-la supra_fw-la dictas_fw-la concâ—sserunt_fw-la vic._n simâ—m_fw-la pariem_fw-la bono_fw-mi 〈…〉_z mobilium_fw-la here_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n consult_v together_o and_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o
inferior_a have_v either_o themselves_o in_o person_n or_o else_o by_o their_o representative_n a_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_a witten_n gemot_n or_o mycel_v synod_n and_o make_v together_o with_o the_o laity_n one_o entire_a council_n or_o general_a assembly_n without_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o both_o which_o no_o law_n or_o constitution_n whether_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a can_v be_v enact_v for_o proof_n of_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o sir_n h._n spelman_n first_o volume_n of_o saxon_a council_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o council_n or_o synod_n of_o clovesho_n first_o and_o second_o 346._o that_o of_o kingston_n a._n d._n 838._o that_o hold_v under_o king_n egbert_n and_o withlafe_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o that_o of_o winchester_n under_o the_o same_o king_n egbert_n in_o which_o tithe_n be_v first_o grant_v in_o all_o which_o you_o will_v find_v that_o both_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a below_o the_o degree_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o also_o the_o laity_n below_o your_o earl_n and_o great_a alderman_n and_o wites_z have_v a_o share_n and_o that_o this_o continue_v so_o both_o in_o and_o after_o the_o norman_a time_n appear_v by_o the_o first_o great_a council_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o that_o be_v hold_v under_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n m._n i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a to_o see_v that_o prove_v for_o i_o always_o hitherto_o believe_v that_o none_o of_o the_o clergy_n have_v then_o any_o vote_n in_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o those_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o all_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n alone_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v also_o a_o synod_n or_o convocation_n of_o the_o clergy_n often_o hold_v at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v yet_o be_v it_o no_o part_n of_o that_o council_n and_o as_o the_o clergy_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o the_o make_n of_o temporal_a law_n so_o have_v the_o laity_n no_o hand_n in_o the_o make_n of_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n or_o constitution_n for_o the_o pope_n legate_n or_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n often_o hold_v these_o synod_n at_o other_o time_n when_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o assemble_v at_o all_o and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o 25_o and_o 26_o of_o henry_n the_o 8_o when_o the_o king_n be_v first_o by_o the_o clergy_n in_o convocation_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n recognize_v and_o declare_v supreme_a head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n under_o christ_n and_o from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n reassume_v the_o power_n which_o the_o pope_n have_v before_o usurp_v and_o his_o consent_n alone_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v the_o only_a ratification_n of_o all_o canon_n or_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n pass_v in_o either_o of_o the_o convocation_n of_o canterbury_n or_o york_n at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o grant_v that_o for_o between_o three_o hundred_o and_o four_o hundred_o year_n the_o matter_n of_o fact_n have_v be_v as_o you_o say_v but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o from_o the_o beginning_n be_v also_o as_o certain_a for_o first_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n before_o the_o pope_n usurpation_n come_v in_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o council_n or_o synod_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o more_o power_n to_o make_v or_o confirm_v any_o general_a ecclesiastical_a law_n or_o constitution_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wittena_n gemot_n or_o mycel_n synod_n consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o laity_n than_o he_o have_v to_o make_v temporal_a law_n without_o it_o so_o far_o be_v they_o in_o those_o time_n from_o have_v any_o notion_n of_o any_o personal_a supremacy_n in_o the_o king_n in_o spiritual_a more_o than_o in_o temporal_a matter_n and_o that_o this_o continue_v so_o till_o the_o pope_n do_v not_o only_o usurp_v upon_o the_o king_n be_v right_a but_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o general_n may_v appear_v by_o those_o memorial_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o of_o such_o common_a council_n or_o synod_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n l._n in_o who_o 14_o the_o year_n 1077._o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n be_v confirm_v by_o that_o king_n in_o a_o common_a council_n as_o well_o of_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o charter_n still_o to_o be_v sound_a at_o large_a in_o the_o old_a chartulary_a of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n 3._o now_o in_o the_o corronian_a library_n collect_v by_o sulcardus_n a_o ancient_a monk_n of_o that_o abbey_n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o charter_n of_o privilege_n make_v it_o very_o plain_a of_o what_o member_n this_o council_n than_o consist_v and_o who_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o the_o act_n of_o it_o which_o pray_v read_v in_o solemnitate_fw-la pentecosty_a haebito_fw-la consilio_fw-la in_o celeberrino_n loco_fw-la praescripti_fw-la westmonast_n &_o a_o nostra_fw-la regius_fw-la majâ—sâ—ate_fw-la conventis_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la cunctis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la primatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la audiende_n &_o confirmandas_fw-la quosdam_fw-la synodalis_fw-la decreti_fw-la causas_fw-la necessarias_fw-la communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la maxim_n episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o alioâ—um_fw-la insignium_fw-la procerum_fw-la etc._n etc._n scripta_fw-la est_fw-la haec_fw-la charta_fw-la &_o sigillata_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la regâ—_n &_o supradicâ—is_fw-la personis_fw-la testificata_fw-la confirmat_fw-la &_o auctorizata_fw-la in_o dei_fw-la nomine_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o and_o most_o remarkable_a council_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n i_o can_v let_v it_o pass_v without_o observe_v first_o that_o all_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v there_o as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o of_o the_o laity_n and_o that_o the_o word_n primate_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la here_o mention_v be_v very_o comprehensive_a and_o may_v take_v in_o many_o other_o beside_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v but_o one_o second_o pray_v observe_v that_o this_o charter_n of_o privilege_n though_o all_o of_o they_o concern_v mere_a temporal_a thing_n be_v authorise_v confirm_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o subscription_n of_o all_o the_o chief_a man_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n from_o all_o which_o nothing_o can_v appear_v more_o plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n make_v one_o common_a council_n without_o who_o joint_a consent_n nothing_o can_v be_v transact_v in_o the_o legislative_a whether_o of_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a concernment_n i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n but_o i_o make_v haste_n to_o that_o of_o his_o son_n william_n ii_o in_o who_o seven_o year_n eadmeâ—â—s_o tell_v we_o 26._o there_o be_v a_o common-council_n hold_v at_o rockingham_n about_o the_o difference_n between_o archbishop_n anselm_n and_o the_o king_n at_o which_o be_v present_a episcopi_fw-la abbates_n principes_fw-la ac_fw-la clericorum_fw-la ac_fw-la laicorum_fw-la numerosa_fw-la multitudo_fw-la noâ—_n that_o by_o principes_fw-la or_o chief_a man_n may_v be_v here_o mean_v many_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v and_o that_o this_o numerosa_fw-la multitudo_fw-la must_v mean_v somewhat_o more_o than_o those_o i_o shall_v prove_v fâ—rther_o by_o and_o by_o in_o the_o long_a reign_n of_o henry_n i._o i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n buâ—_n let_v these_o suffiâ—e_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o this_o king_n bromton_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n speak_v of_o the_o council_n in_o which_o this_o king_n give_v up_o his_o right_n of_o investituâ—es_n clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la londoniae_n congregato_fw-la 28._o and_o who_o this_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la then_o be_v he_o immediate_o explain_v himself_o thus_o astantibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la caeteraq_fw-la multitudine_fw-la maxima_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la under_o which_o word_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o divers_a other_o beside_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o their_o great_a number_n show_v they_o to_o have_v be_v more_o than_o those_o but_o though_o this_o author_n do_v not_o here_o express_o say_v it_o yet_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v likewise_o at_o these_o council_n appear_v from_o sim._n of_o durham_n and_o the_o câ—ntinuator_fw-la of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n a._n d._n 1126._o be_v the_o 25._o of_o this_o king_n where_o they_o both_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o synod_n or_o council_n hold_v at_o london_n at_o which_o be_v
translate_v 193._o the_o clergy_n and_o commons_o together_o with_o the_o nobility_n be_v summon_v and_o in_o 1_o of_o richard_n i._n r._n hoveden_n also_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o pipewel_n abbey_n in_o northamptonshire_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n produce_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la and_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o primo_fw-la of_o king_n john_n now_o in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n library_n entitle_v charta_fw-la moderationis_fw-la seod_fw-la magni_fw-la sigilli_fw-la recite_v the_o say_a king_n to_o have_v be_v crown_v mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o savore_fw-la and_o though_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v turbulent_a 587._o yet_o the_o author_n of_o the_o manuscript_n eulogium_fw-la quote_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n mention_n a_o great_a council_n at_o london_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o year_n of_o king_n john_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v present_a cum_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la i._n e._n say_v dr._n heylin_n in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o clergy_n of_o both_o rank_n and_o order_n with_o all_o the_o laity_n call_v here_o secta_fw-la laicalis_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v then_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o dr._n proceed_v thus_o and_o in_o possession_n of_o this_o right_a the_o clergy_n stand_v when_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o 3_o d._n wherein_o the_o freedom_n right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n of_o which_o this_o evident_o be_v one_o be_v confirm_v to_o they_o i._n e._n the_o whole_a clergy_n in_o general_n i_o have_v here_o show_v you_o what_o dr._n heylins_n sense_n be_v to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o a_o high_a churchman_n think_v it_o no_o heresy_n to_o be_v of_o our_o opinion_n and_o to_o maintain_v as_o he_o do_v all_o along_o in_o that_o chapter_n that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n long_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n continue_v to_o be_v so_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o at_o least_o but_o that_o their_o consent_n be_v also_o ancient_o ask_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o from_o the_o continuation_n of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o far_o that_o they_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la who_o though_o he_o be_v explode_v as_o a_o ancient_a author_n yet_o certain_o be_v a_o good_a witness_n for_o his_o own_o time_n viz._n that_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o where_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la be_v reckon_v among_o the_o constituent_a member_n or_o state_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o two_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o on_o the_o roll_n viz._n the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o this_o clause_n of_o praemunâ—entes_fw-la clerum_fw-la be_v particular_o express_v 155._o which_o pray_v read_v from_o your_o drs._n answer_n to_o mr._n p._n praemunientes_fw-la priorem_fw-la &_o capitulum_n ecclesiae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la archidiaconos_n totumque_fw-la clerum_fw-la vestrae_fw-la diocaesis_n facientes_fw-la quod_fw-la iidem_fw-la prio_fw-la &_o archidiac_n in_o propriis_fw-la personis_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o dictum_fw-la capitulum_n per_fw-la duos_fw-la procuratores_fw-la idoneos_fw-la plenam_fw-la &_o sufficientem_fw-la potestatem_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la capitulis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la habentes_fw-la una_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la intersint_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la &_o faciendum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la coeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la qualiter_fw-la sit_fw-la hujusae_fw-la modi_fw-la periculis_fw-la obviandum_fw-la viz._n the_o danger_n in_o the_o writ_n mention_v to_o be_v threaten_v from_o france_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o first_o time_n this_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la be_v insert_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o bishop_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v have_v we_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n before_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._o as_o well_o as_o since_o but_o we_o may_v hence_o observe_v that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v not_o only_o summon_v to_o treat_v with_o the_o prelate_n but_o be_v as_o well_o as_o they_o here_o authorise_v to_o treat_v ordain_v and_o act_n with_o they_o and_o the_o lord_n and_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o so_o your_o dr._n himself_o here_o in_o the_o margin_n translate_v aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o how_o they_o can_v thus_o consult_v and_o act_n with_o they_o if_o they_o have_v not_o beeâ—_n then_o as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o confess_v surpass_v my_o capacity_n to_o understand_v nor_o be_v this_o clause_n find_v in_o this_o writ_n alone_o but_o be_v also_o in_o most_o other_o writ_n of_o the_o bishop_n summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o low_a as_o our_o own_o time_n and_o that_o these_o writ_n be_v not_o to_o convocation_n but_o parliament_n 120._o appear_v in_o pryn_n parliament_n register_n plain_o by_o the_o letter_n of_o procuration_n make_v by_o the_o prior_n and_o chapter_n of_o bath_n to_o william_n swynham_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr merston_n appoint_v they_o to_o appear_v and_o act_n for_o they_o as_o their_o lawful_a procurator_n in_o the_o parliament_n summon_v ann._n dom._n 1299._o be_v the_o 27_o the_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v of_o a_o different_a form_n from_o another_o letter_n of_o procuration_n of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o chapter_n ann._n dom._n 1295._o 231._o edward_n i._o to_o their_o procurator_n therein_o name_v to_o act_v for_o they_o in_o the_o convocation_n then_o summon_v at_o westminster_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v also_o observe_v in_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o convocation_n different_a from_o those_o whereby_o the_o same_o person_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n the_o former_a be_v direct_v only_o to_o the_o two_o archbishop_n or_o their_o vicar_n general_n to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n of_o their_o respective_a province_n without_o any_o particular_a writ_n issue_v to_o any_o other_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n or_o clergyman_n as_o in_o summons_n to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o there_o be_v common_o particular_a order_n to_o the_o bishop_n to_o warn_v all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n in_o the_o manner_n but_o now_o mention_v as_o mr._n pryn_n very_o well_o observe_v dorso_n in_o his_o first_o part_n of_o his_o say_a parliamentary_a register_n where_o you_o may_v see_v there_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 31_o sy_n edward_n 3_o d_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n recite_v that_o he_o intend_v a_o parliament_n for_o divers_a arduous_a and_o urgent_a business_n concern_v himself_o and_o crown_n and_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o church_n of_o england_n and_o then_o proceed_v thus_o et_fw-la quia_fw-la negotia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la perquam_fw-la ardua_fw-la sine_fw-la maxima_fw-la deliberatione_n tam_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la &_o cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o it_o behove_v he_o to_o summon_v the_o say_a clergy_n great_a man_n and_o commons_o and_o then_o require_v he_o to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o dean_n and_o prior_n and_o archdeacon_n to_o appear_v personal_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clergy_n by_o two_o procurator_n with_o full_a power_n ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la &_o consulendum_fw-la super_fw-la praemissis_fw-la una_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la super_fw-la dictis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la divina_fw-la savente_fw-la clementia_n contigerit_fw-la ordinari_fw-la m._n but_o what_o can_v you_o say_v to_o their_o be_v omit_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o divers_a writ_n to_o parliament_n as_o appear_v in_o pryn_n register_v you_o now_o cite_v and_o from_o whence_o himself_n have_v there_o make_v this_o observation_n 107._o that_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o council_n of_o state_n but_o only_o to_o parliament_n and_o that_o not_o always_o but_o at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o show_v plain_o that_o though_o they_o be_v sometime_o summon_v as_o a_o part_n yet_o be_v certain_o no_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o general_a council_n since_o they_o be_v omit_v in_o so_o many_o of_o they_o
that_o charter_n be_v lose_v they_o desire_v a_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o king_n whereupon_o he_o by_o this_o commission_n direct_v a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n to_o several_a gentleman_n and_o other_o therein_o mention_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o say_a burgess_n have_v enjoy_v all_o those_o liberty_n so_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n or_o not_o which_o will_v have_v be_v ridiculous_a if_o the_o king_n and_o council_n have_v be_v satisfy_v that_o no_o city_n and_o burroughs_n scent_n any_o member_n to_o parliament_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o not_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o this_o authority_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o barâ—staple_n be_v one_o of_o mr._n prin_n modern_a burrough_n for_o which_o he_o can_v find_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v early_o than_o the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o though_o no_o doubt_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o their_o petition_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n it_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n many_o age_n before_o though_o the_o precept_n and_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v all_o lose_v and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n do_v thus_o claim_v by_o prescription_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n have_v always_o claim_v the_o same_o privilege_n may_v appear_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n extant_a on_o the_o parliament-roll_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o 45._o which_o i_o shall_v contract_v and_o put_v into_o english_a out_o of_o french_a recite_v thus_o because_o of_o common_a right_n in_o the_o roll_n de_fw-fr commune_fw-la dâ—oit_fw-fr of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v elect_v two_o from_o every_o county_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commune_fw-la of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o also_o the_o prelate_n duke_n baron_n count_n baron_n and_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o barony_n which_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o writ_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n except_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o ought_v to_o elect_a from_o among_o themselves_o such_o as_o ought_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o than_o claim_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o common_a right_n that_o be_v by_o common_a law_n or_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n as_o much_o as_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n 2._o that_o neither_o the_o bishop_n lord_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o authority_n to_o impose_v tax_n or_o make_v law_n for_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n or_o these_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o their_o consent_n because_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n to_o answer_v for_o they_o in_o parliament_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o will_v have_v be_v absolute_o convince_a can_v we_o have_v see_v this_o charter_n of_o k._n athelstans_n but_o since_o the_o townsman_n of_o barnstaple_n do_v only_o in_o their_o petition_n among_o other_o set_v forth_o this_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o who_o can_v tell_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o their_o charter_n or_o not_o since_o they_o confess_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o or_o grant_v it_o be_v as_o they_o set_v forth_o yet_o be_v will_v sufficient_o evince_v that_o the_o right_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o parliament_n be_v not_o as_o you_o suppose_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n but_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n f._n as_o to_o these_o objection_n we_o can_v have_v but_o all_o the_o proof_n that_o this_o subject_n be_v capable_a of_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n of_o time_n but_o if_o i_o be_v a_o juryman_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v rather_o believe_v that_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n have_v such_o charter_n not_o long_o before_o they_o make_v this_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o clause_n therein_o as_o they_o here_o set_v forth_o than_o that_o these_o townsman_n shall_v be_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o desire_v a_o new_a charter_n of_o confirmation_n from_o he_o of_o all_o their_o privilege_n of_o which_o this_o of_o elect_v burgess_n be_v one_o if_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o such_o clause_n in_o it_o at_o all_o but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o objection_n that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o than_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o right_a of_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n it_o be_v very_o fallacious_a as_o you_o will_v find_v if_o you_o consider_v and_o compare_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n to_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o they_o i_o prove_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o christianity_n itself_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o as_o for_o the_o priesthood_n and_o nobility_n in_o general_n to_o have_v be_v as_o old_a as_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n itself_o now_o though_o you_o grant_v that_o long_a before_o the_o conquest_n our_o king_n have_v the_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o also_o the_o make_n of_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z who_o make_v the_o temporal_a nobility_n in_o those_o great_a council_n will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o king_n be_v thus_o entrust_v by_o the_o people_n with_o this_o prerogative_n of_o name_v and_o invest_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la and_o also_o of_o create_v those_o great_a man_n now_o mention_v that_o therefore_o all_o the_o right_a either_o order_n have_v to_o appear_v at_o those_o council_n not_o only_o proceed_v from_o but_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o king_n good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v have_v name_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n to_o vacant_a see_v and_o abbey_n or_o make_v any_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z or_o not_o but_o have_v change_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o government_n into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n by_o destroy_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whether_o you_o believe_v the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n will_v have_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o king_n to_o have_v make_v such_o a_o innovation_n apply_v this_o to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o most_o of_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n and_o see_v if_o it_o do_v not_o exact_o agree_v with_o this_o parallel_a case_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n since_o as_o there_o be_v priest_n and_o noble_n who_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o our_o great_a council_n do_v not_o owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o king_n but_o bring_v it_o with_o they_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o to_o who_o suffrage_n the_o first_o saxon_n king_n owe_v their_o election_n so_o no_o doubt_n be_v there_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n so_o considerable_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v think_v â—it_a to_o pitch_v upon_o they_o as_o most_o able_a to_o send_v representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n that_o so_o they_o may_v imitate_v their_o old_a government_n in_o their_o own_o country_n in_o which_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n have_v always_o a_o considerable_a share_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o german_a diet_n to_o this_o day_n though_o the_o king_n may_v then_o as_o he_o be_v now_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o prerogative_n of_o make_v new_a city_n and_o burrough_n with_o like_a privilege_n with_o the_o old_a one_o though_o this_o be_v but_o rare_o practise_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n i._o the_o two_o university_n be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o corporation_n on_o which_o he_o confer_v this_o privilege_n by_o charter_n of_o elect_v and_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n which_o power_n have_v i_o confess_v be_v exercise_v even_o to_o a_o grievance_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o his_o son_n and_o grandson_n so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o there_o be_v a_o law_n pass_v that_o no_o new_a city_n or_o burrow_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o the_o future_a without_o a_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n now_o i_o will_v very_o glad_o hear_v what_o you_o can_v further_o say_v to_o so_o many_o weighty_a authority_n which_o i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o if_o they_o be_v compare_v and_o consider_v in_o series_n of_o time_n that_o neither_o edw._n 2d_o or_o 3d_o nor_o their_o judge_n or_o learned_a council_n no_o nor_o the_o parliament_n
of_o this_o necessity_n as_o certain_o he_o be_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o parliament_n it_o can_v never_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o first_o prince_n or_o his_o successor_n that_o first_o part_v with_o these_o privilege_n to_o the_o people_n ever_o intend_v to_o be_v so_o strait_o tie_v to_o they_o as_o that_o in_o no_o case_n whatever_o though_o never_o so_o press_v they_o shall_v not_o depart_v from_o they_o much_o less_o that_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n if_o he_o shall_v whole_o break_v they_o nay_o shall_v persist_v so_o to_o do_v and_o resolve_v to_o turn_v this_o limit_v into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n since_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o law_n be_v but_o concession_n of_o his_o own_o or_o his_o predecessor_n can_v never_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o condition_n of_o his_o hold_v the_o crown_n nor_o of_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n to_o it_o there_o be_v as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v no_o such_o clause_n express_v in_o either_o part_n neither_o in_o the_o king_n coronation_n oath_n nor_o yet_o in_o their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o you_o yourself_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n swear_v at_o his_o coronation_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o law_n yet_o grotius_n tell_v we_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o that_o a_o empire_n do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v absolute_a although_o he_o who_o be_v to_o rule_v promise_v some_o thing_n to_o god_n or_o to_o his_o subject_n even_o such_o which_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o that_o not_o only_o concern_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o natural_a or_o divine_a law_n but_o of_o certain_a rule_n to_o which_o without_o a_o promise_n he_o be_v not_o oblige_v so_o that_o in_o all_o promise_v of_o this_o kind_a the_o manner_n of_o the_o obligation_n be_v not_o reciprocal_a or_o of_o the_o same_o sort_n on_o both_o side_n as_o for_o example_n it_o be_v only_o moral_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v lefâ—_n whole_o to_o god_n to_o judge_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n and_o to_o punish_v he_o when_o he_o break_v his_o part_n but_o to_o the_o king_n as_o god_n lieutenant_n on_o earth_n it_o belong_v not_o only_o to_o judge_v of_o his_o subject_n breach_n of_o their_o oath_n and_o contract_n but_o also_o to_o punish_v they_o for_o so_o do_v and_o compel_v they_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o and_o of_o this_o judgement_n be_v all_o the_o modern_a civilian_n as_o for_o bodin_n i_o have_v give_v you_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o chapter_n i_o last_o cite_v concern_v this_o matter_n and_o he_o as_o well_o as_o grotius_n be_v clear_o of_o opinion_n that_o absolute_a monarch_n such_o as_o he_o reckon_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o be_v be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v in_o question_n or_o destroy_v let_v their_o breach_n of_o law_n and_o tyranny_n be_v never_o so_o notorious_a much_o less_o can_v they_o forfeit_v their_o royal_a dignity_n for_o such_o maladministration_n and_o 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mistake_n in_o you_o and_o dr._n brady_n to_o maintain_v that_o k._n william_n i._o be_v real_o a_o conqueror_n and_o by_o his_o sword_n without_o any_o other_o title_n obtain_v such_o a_o entire_a victory_n over_o k._n harold_n and_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n as_o give_v he_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o the_o absolute_a allegiance_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n without_o any_o reserve_n or_o condition_n whatever_o so_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n be_v thereby_o lose_v and_o forfeit_v this_o nation_n can_v claim_v nothing_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o from_o the_o grant_v and_o concession_n of_o that_o king_n or_o his_o successor_n every_o one_o of_o which_o proposition_n contain_v so_o many_o notorious_a mistake_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n never_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o conquest_n but_o by_o the_o adoption_n and_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 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auferre_fw-la and_o this_o donation_n he_o call_v a_o hereditary_a right_n in_o divers_a other_o charter_n as_o particular_o in_o one_o also_o record_v by_o inspeximinus_fw-la 211._o begin_v thus_o in_o nomine_fw-la patris_fw-la &_o filii_fw-la &_o spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la amâ—n_n ego_fw-la willielâ—us_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la haereditatio_fw-la jure_fw-la factus_fw-la so_o likewise_o his_o son_n k._n henry_n i._o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbot_n of_o ely_n create_v he_o a_o bishop_n call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o william_n the_o great_a not_o the_o conqueror_n qui_fw-la edwardo_n regi_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la successit_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la and_o in_o virtue_n of_o this_o donation_n he_o be_v after_o his_o victory_n against_o harold_n by_o public_a and_o full_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o people_n of_o england_n as_o also_o of_o the_o norman_n he_o bring_v with_o he_o elect_v and_o crown_v king_n and_o at_o his_o coronation_n take_v the_o 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see_v that_o his_o father_n testament_n be_v not_o sufficient_a without_o the_o election_n of_o the_o wittema_n gemot_n who_o prefer_v he_o though_o perhaps_o illegitimate_a before_o this_o alfred_n who_o be_v set_v up_o against_o he_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o if_o more_o of_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n be_v now_o extant_a that_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o that_o the_o person_n so_o nominate_v and_o elect_v though_o not_o the_o near_a always_o of_o blood_n claim_v jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la be_v also_o as_o certain_a since_o bracton_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o haereditamentum_fw-la or_o inheritance_n be_v not_o derive_v ab_fw-la haerede_fw-la but_o heir_n from_o the_o inheritance_n and_o that_o inheritance_n be_v the_o succession_n to_o all_o the_o right_n which_o the_o predecessor_n have_v with_o who_o also_o the_o civil_a law_n agree_v haeredis_fw-la significatione_n omnes_fw-la significare_fw-la successores_fw-la credendum_fw-la est_fw-la etsi_fw-la verbis_fw-la non_fw-la sint_fw-la expressi_fw-la nor_o do_v this_o custom_n of_o thus_o recommend_v a_o successor_n prevail_v in_o england_n alone_o in_o those_o time_n but_o also_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a king_n of_o the_o race_n of_o charlemagne_n wherein_o the_o last_o will_v or_o adoption_n of_o the_o king_n in_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o election_n or_o recognition_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o france_n give_v a_o sufficient_a title_n to_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a though_o not_o legitimate_a nor_o the_o next_o heir_n by_o blood_n to_o succeed_v but_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o alone_o sufficient_a as_o monsieur_fw-fr mâ—zeâ—aâ—_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o france_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n clotair_n the_o second_o so_o that_o to_o conclude_v if_o duke_n william_n of_o normandy_n be_v thus_o adopt_v name_v by_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n for_o his_o successor_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n and_o this_o have_v be_v without_o any_o blow_n confirm_v by_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o a_o subsequent_a election_n and_o coronation_n and_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o oath_n and_o recognition_n of_o the_o english_a subject_n which_o always_o follow_v that_o solemnity_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v have_v have_v as_o good_a a_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_a line_n i_o be_o sure_a a_o much_o better_a than_o harold_n who_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v come_v in_o either_o by_o the_o adoption_n of_o k_o edward_n or_o by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o duke_n william_n have_v a_o good_a title_n against_o he_o as_o a_o usurper_n and_o conquer_a he_o and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o be_v thereupon_o elect_v and_o recognize_v and_o crown_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n both_o of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n i_o can_v see_v why_o his_o obtain_v the_o crown_n against_o harold_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n shall_v extinguish_v his_o former_a right_n and_o create_v a_o new_a title_n by_o conquest_n which_o he_o never_o claim_v by_o or_o suppose_v his_o renounce_v the_o confessor_n will_v which_o give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o be_v elect_v king_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n and_o to_o demand_v the_o crown_n from_o a_o usurper_n who_o have_v solemn_o swear_v to_o assist_v he_o in_o this_o right_n but_o since_o you_o so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o no_o author_n whatever_o mention_n d._n william_n election_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v it_o you_o from_o more_o than_o one_o author_n and_o those_o of_o or_o near_o those_o very_a time_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v the_o account_n that_o a_o short_a history_n print_v at_o the_o end_n of_o mr._n tailor_n be_v history_n of_o gavel-kind_n from_o a_o ancient_a msc._n in_o the_o bodliaâ—_n library_n give_v we_o of_o this_o affair_n and_o who_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o author_n that_o live_v very_o near_o those_o time_n londoniam_fw-la convenientibus_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la ad_fw-la nativitatem_fw-la domini_fw-la illisque_fw-la omnibus_fw-la concedentibus_fw-la coronam_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o dominationem_fw-la suscepit_fw-la and_o william_n of_o poictou_n this_o king_n chaplain_n in_o his_o history_n relate_v it_o thus_o die_v ordinationi_fw-la decreto_fw-la locutus_fw-la ad_fw-la anglos_n condecenti_fw-la sermone_fw-la eboraci_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la sapiens_fw-la bone_fw-la eloquens_fw-la a_o consentirent_fw-la eum_fw-la sibi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coronari_fw-la inquisivit_fw-la protestati_fw-la sunt_fw-la hilarem_fw-la consensum_fw-la universi_fw-la minime_fw-la haesitantes_fw-la ac_fw-la si_fw-la caelitus_fw-la unâ_fw-la ment_fw-la datâ_fw-la unâqu_fw-la voci_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quam_fw-la facillime_fw-la normanni_n consonuerunt_fw-la sermocinato_fw-la apud_fw-la eos_fw-la ac_fw-la sententiam_fw-la praecunctatoriam_fw-la constantini_n praesule_fw-la sic_fw-la electum_fw-la consecravit_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la imposuit_fw-la ei_fw-la diadema_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o ordoricus_n vitalis_n a_o norman_a author_n alive_a at_o the_o same_o time_n relate_v it_o thus_o 503._o die_fw-la natalis_fw-la domini_fw-la angli_fw-la londoniae_n ad_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la regem_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la &_o gâ—lielmum_fw-la ducem_fw-la normannorum_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la consecravit_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o go_v on_o to_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o just_a as_o the_o nameless_a english_a author_n have_v do_v before_o but_o then_o agree_v with_o william_n of_o poictou_n in_o all_o the_o rest_n dum_fw-la aldredus_fw-la praesul_fw-la alloqueretur_fw-la anglos_n &_o godofredus_fw-la constantiniensis_fw-la normannos_fw-la a_o concederent_fw-la gulielmum_fw-la regnare_fw-la super_fw-la se_fw-la &_o vniversi_fw-la consensum_fw-la hilarem_fw-la protestarentur_fw-la unâ_fw-la voce_fw-la non_fw-la unius_fw-la linguae_fw-la locutione_n with_o who_o also_o agree_v willielmus_fw-la gemmenicensis_fw-la 288._o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v also_o a_o author_n that_o live_v in_o or_o very_o near_o the_o time_n of_o this_o king_n his_o word_n be_v anno_fw-la incarnate_a domini_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tam_fw-la normannorum_fw-la quam_fw-la anglorum_fw-la proceribus_fw-la rex_fw-la est_fw-la electus_fw-la &_o sacro_fw-la oleo_fw-la ab_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n râ—gni_fw-la delibutus_fw-la atque_fw-la regal_a â—â—â—demate_n coronatus_n so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v no_o less_o than_o four_o ancient_a author_n who_o all_o agree_v upon_o the_o solemn_a election_n of_o king_n william_n and_o yet_o your_o dr._n have_v the_o confidence_n to_o tell_v we_o that_o mr._n petye_n only_a endeavour_n to_o prove_v this_o election_n of_o king_n william_n out_o of_o some_o fragment_n of_o author_n who_o live_v at_o some_o distance_n of_o time_n from_o his_o come_n over_o hither_o m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v show_v i_o more_o for_o this_o mix_a slight_n of_o k_o william_n by_o testament_n and_o succession_n than_o ever_o i_o know_v before_o but_o you_o have_v deal_v more_o fair_o 206._o if_o you_o have_v also_o add_v what_o dr._n b._n take_v notice_n of_o our_o of_o guliâ—â—â—â—â—_n pictaviensis_n concern_v king_n william_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o immediate_o after_o the_o mention_n of_o he_o be_v crown_v he_o conludes_fw-la thus_o 〈◊〉_d liberi_fw-la &_o napole_n justa_fw-la 〈…〉_z anglle_fw-fr terrae_fw-la quam_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la delegatione_fw-la sacrament_n anglorum_fw-la firmata_fw-la &_o jure_v belli_n ipse_fw-la possedit_fw-la so_o that_o here_o you_o see_v he_o ground_n a_o title_n to_o he_o and_o his_o postaerity_n not_o only_o on_o his_o hereditary_a but_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a and_o the_o right_n of_o war_n but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n electus_n make_v use_v of_o by_o those_o ancient_a author_n dei_fw-la b._n have_v make_v it_o very_o plain_a in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n that_o this_o word_n do_v not_o there_o signify_v elect_v but_o recognize_v and_o acknowledge_v that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v to_o be_v king_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o this_o can_v be_v proper_o term_v a_o election_n or_o not_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o part_n of_o k._n william_n army_n keep_v guard_n without_o the_o church_n door_n during_o his_o coronation_n by_o this_o good_a token_n that_o when_o they_o hear_v so_o great_a a_o shout_n give_v upon_o the_o people_n declare_v their_o assent_n the_o soldier_n suspect_v some_o treason_n set_v fire_n to_o the_o house_n so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v how_o that_o can_v be_v proper_o a_o election_n when_o the_o people_n dare_v not_o refuse_v and_o i_o know_v that_o even_o at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n be_v show_v to_o the_o people_n on_o all_o the_o four_o side_n of_o the_o scaffold_n on_o which_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o their_o consent_n be_v formal_o ask_v whether_o they_o will_v have_v this_o man_n to_o be_v their_o king_n yet_o
he_o be_v make_v king_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o their_o take_n of_o land_n from_o he_o can_v make_v he_o become_v a_o absolute_a and_o irresistible_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n so_o that_o if_o upon_o your_o supposition_n all_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n in_o england_n at_o this_o day_n hold_v their_o estate_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o purchase_n from_o those_o ancient_a norman_n or_o french_a proprietor_n they_o must_v also_o succeed_v to_o the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v do_v former_o enjoy_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v against_o my_o proof_n of_o the_o formal_a election_n of_o king_n william_n for_o if_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o guard_n about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v shall_v void_a the_o freedom_n of_o the_o election_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o election_n of_o any_o elective_a king_n or_o monarch_n no_o not_o of_o the_o german_a emperor_n himself_o will_v hold_v good_n as_o for_o the_o other_o reason_n that_o they_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o â—lect_v he_o that_o be_v yet_o more_o trivial_a for_o there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o thaâ—_n stand_v to_o be_v choose_v they_o can_v indeed_o choose_v no_o other_o but_o if_o not_o have_v a_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v must_v void_a the_o right_n of_o election_n pray_v consider_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o canonical_a election_n of_o bishop_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o king_n william_n i._o be_v as_o lawful_o and_o free_o elect_v as_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n his_o predecessor_n who_o all_o author_n agree_v to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o title_n and_o williâ—lmus_n gemeticensis_n in_o the_o place_n i_o now_o cite_v tell_v we_o he_o be_v elect_v king_n as_o well_o of_o the_o norman_a as_o english_a noble_n and_o if_o the_o custom_n have_v not_o â—â—en_o â—â—cen_v to_o elâ—â—â—_n the_o king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v it_o be_v not_o likely_a thaâ—_n your_o conqueror_n will_v have_v introduce_v a_o new_a custom_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o pretend_a right_n by_o conquest_n but_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o only_o more_o cogent_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o crown_n be_v former_o elective_a than_o â—he_v constant_a usage_n as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v ever_o since_o your_o preâ—ended_a conquest_n to_o this_o day_n of_o ask_v the_o people_n whether_o they_o be_v content_a to_o have_v such_o a_o one_o for_o their_o king_n as_o for_o your_o doctor_n quotation_n out_o of_o william_n of_o â—oictoâ—_n pray_v take_v notice_n that_o he_o place_v your_o conqueror_n hereditary_a bequest_n together_o with_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a as_o his_o best_a title_n and_o the_o right_n of_o war_n last_o by_o which_o this_o author_n do_v not_o understand_v a_o conquest_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o his_o prevail_a against_o harold_n m._n i_o do_v own_o with_o the_o learned_a dr._n b._n that_o the_o descendant_n of_o those_o ancient_a norman_a and_o freâ—â—h_a earl_n and_o baron_n than_o come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n and_o their_o posterity_n afterward_o see_v the_o yoke_n of_o feudal_a tenor_n and_o other_o prerogative_n this_o king_n and_o his_o descendant_n exercise_v over_o they_o to_o press_v as_o hard_o upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_a english_a be_v those_o that_o make_v such_o a_o disturbance_n for_o their_o right_n and_o liberties_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o h._n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v their_o ancestor_n be_v never_o conquer_v and_o consequent_o can_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o he_o as_o to_o a_o conqueror_n 〈◊〉_d may_v for_o all_o this_o maintain_v that_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n be_v as_o much_o bind_v to_o a_o absolute_a subjection_n without_o any_o resistance_n aâ—_n the_o english_a who_o they_o conquer_v for_o they_o be_v either_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o aâ—â—mandâ—_n before_o his_o come_a oâ—eâ—_n hither_o or_o else_o be_v such_o volunteer_n who_o follow_v he_o but_o of_o hope_n of_o estate_n and_o brâ—ferment_n be_v for_o all_o those_o of_o the_o former_a 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v his_o subject_n before_o they_o be_v tie_v not_o only_o by_o their_o 〈◊〉_d oath_n of_o a_o regiance_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o normandy_n but_o be_v also_o bind_v by_o the_o same_o obligation_n of_o non_fw-fr resistance_n as_o all_o other_o subject_n must_v always_o be_v both_o in_o that_o and_o all_o other_o government_n to_o all_o which_o be_v add_v another_o obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o his_o subject_n before_o his_o entrance_n since_o this_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v by_o conquest_n the_o conqueror_n as_o appear_v in_o that_o he_o bestow_v the_o 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d his_o followeâ—â—_n who_o blood_n run_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o most_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n and_o nobility_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o their_o service_n and_o assistance_n though_o he_o may_v have_v some_o part_n to_o the_o english_a native_n and_o their_o heir_n yet_o so_o aâ—_n that_o he_o alter_v the_o tenure_n and_o make_v it_o descend_v with_o such_o burden_n as_o he_o please_v to_o lay_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o as_o well_o â—his_v own_o countryman_n norman_n as_o those_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n who_o thus_o become_v subject_n and_o feudatary_n to_o he_o for_o all_o the_o land_n they_o possess_v in_o england_n since_o he_o be_v the_o only_a directus_fw-la dominus_fw-la or_o lord_n paramount_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v also_o his_o vassal_n and_o subject_n for_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n or_o death_n without_o heir_n those_o land_n be_v to_o return_v to_o he_o again_o and_o to_o be_v aâ—_n his_o dispossal_n so_o that_o all_o subject_n as_o well_o norman_n as_o other_o foreigner_n who_o have_v land_n grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o conqueror_n thus_o become_v his_o homines_fw-la ligei_n liegeman_n and_o do_v owe_v faith_n and_o true_a allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o their_o supreme_a and_o liege_n lord_n as_o the_o king_n be_v call_v in_o several_a statute_n and_o the_o definition_n of_o liegeancy_n be_v set_v down_o to_o the_o grand_a customary_a of_o normandy_n ligeantia_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la quâ_fw-la domino_fw-la tementur_fw-la vasalli_n svi_fw-la &c_n &c_n that_o be_v liegeancy_n be_v a_o obligation_n upon_o all_o subject_n to_o take_v part_n with_o their_o liege_n lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v to_o aid_v and_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o body_n and_o good_n and_o with_o their_o advice_n and_o power_n 〈◊〉_d to_o lift_v up_o their_o hand_n against_o he_o nor_o to_o support_v in_o any_o wise_a those_o who_o oppose_v he_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o supreme_a or_o liege_n lord_n be_v likewise_o bind_v to_o govern_v and_o defend_v his_o liege_n people_n according_a to_o the_o right_n custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o liable_a to_o resistance_n much_o less_o forfeiture_n if_o he_o neglect_v it_o for_o though_o if_o subject_n break_v their_o covenant_n and_o prove_v disloyal_a all_o their_o land_n and_o other_o right_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n yea_o if_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n break_v his_o oaâ—â—â—_n notwithstanding_o his_o sail_v therein_o neither_o his_o crown_n nor_o any_o right_n belong_v to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n be_v thereby_o forfeit_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o inequality_n be_v because_o the_o king_n give_v law_n to_o the_o people_n but_o the_o people_n do_v not_o give_v law_n to_o he_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o however_o you_o 〈◊〉_d the_o conqueror_n entrance_n whether_o by_o the_o sword_n or_o to_o avoid_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o title_n of_o a_o conqueror_n by_o a_o voluntary_a submission_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o conclusion_n can_v vary_v because_o the_o duty_n of_o nonresistance_n arise_v from_o their_o own_o act_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o be_v his_o true_a and_o loyal_a subject_n with_o which_o oath_n resistance_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n consist_v f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v take_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v for_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n since_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n whether_o you_o make_v use_v of_o it_o either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o norman_n or_o other_o foreigner_n for_o as_o to_o the_o soâ—mâ—r_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o normandy_n that_o the_o duke_n be_v no_o absolute_a monarch_n there_o but_o feudatary_a to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o far_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o impose_v tax_n in_o normandy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o duchy_n as_o
though_o they_o themselves_o remain_v free_a man_n but_o your_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o his_o application_n of_o those_o passage_n he_o cite_v for_o neither_o of_o those_o author_n do_v affirm_v this_o of_o all_o owner_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o there_o to_o give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o soccage_n tenant_n on_o the_o king_n demesne_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n title_n to_o that_o chapter_n from_o whence_o the_o dr._n cite_v this_o passage_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la personarum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o first_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v it_o yet_o plain_o begin_v thus_o in_o dominico_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la plura_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la hominum_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la ibi_fw-la servi_fw-la sive_fw-la nativi_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la in_fw-la conquestu_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la and_o under_o these_o last_o range_v the_o person_n you_o mention_v but_o fleta_n be_v more_o exact_a in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr sokemannis_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o man_n be_v tenant_n of_o the_o king_n ancient_a manor_n in_o demean_v &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la dignoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la fuit_fw-la quies_fw-la nâ—_n sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la vel_fw-la hundredum_fw-la tamen_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la quorum_fw-la congregationem_fw-la tune_n socam_fw-la appellarunt_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n hodie_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la esse_fw-la so_o that_o though_o king_n william_n may_v permit_v his_o ancient_a tenant_n to_o be_v thus_o out_v of_o their_o estate_n they_o hold_v in_o his_o own_o demesne_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o ancient_a owner_n all_o over_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o be_v or_o of_o whosoever_o hold_v but_o as_o for_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o ready_o grant_v that_o king_n william_n after_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n liberal_o reward_v his_o follower_n with_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a which_o may_v he_o only_o of_o such_o as_o fight_v against_o he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n and_o as_o for_o that_o little_a which_o be_v leave_v they_o which_o he_o say_v be_v put_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o a_o perpetual_a servitude_n he_o mean_v no_o more_o by_o this_o expression_n than_o that_o new_a tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n which_o king_n william_n impose_v upon_o they_o as_o this_o author_n in_o the_o very_a next_o leaf_n speak_v of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n sub_fw-la servitute_fw-la statuit_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o therefore_o you_o seem_v to_o contradict_v yourself_o when_o contrary_n to_o your_o own_o author_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n you_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o story_n because_o that_o in_o doomsday_n book_n the_o name_n of_o edwin_n of_o sharnborn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v and_o that_o william_n de_fw-fr albeni_n be_v not_o name_v among_o the_o owner_n of_o that_o manor_n which_o be_v not_o material_a since_o this_o william_n may_v obtain_v a_o share_n therein_o after_o this_o survey_n be_v make_v 103._o and_o as_o for_o sharnborn_a himself_o his_o not_o be_v there_o mention_v be_v no_o argument_n that_o he_o have_v no_o land_n within_o that_o manor_n or_o the_o other_o that_o be_v mention_v in_o that_o narrative_a since_o oftentimes_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v only_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n though_o all_o the_o proprietor_n under_o they_o be_v not_o particular_o name_v but_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o discourse_v any_o long_o with_o you_o upon_o the_o subject_a of_o your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o 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such_o person_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n through_o the_o whole_a nation_n who_o can_v not_o be_v think_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o reluctancy_n and_o disobedience_n to_o they_o know_v by_o who_o and_o to_o what_o they_o be_v raise_v all_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n he_o order_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o after_o the_o historian_n have_v recount_v in_o what_o thing_n he_o disallow_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o archbishop_n he_o conclude_v thus_o but_o what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_a matter_n i_o forbear_v to_o write_v because_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n and_o because_o also_o any_o one_o may_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v guess_v what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_o from_o which_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o k._n william_n do_v not_o only_a design_n to_o alter_v many_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o do_v also_o actual_o do_v it_o since_o to_o that_o end_n he_o 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northern_a people_n and_o north_n part_n of_o germany_n from_o whence_o both_o saxon_n and_o norman_n come_v yet_o after_o the_o conquest_n the_o bulk_n and_o main_n of_o our_o law_n be_v bring_v hither_o from_o normandy_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o whence_o we_o receive_v the_o tenor_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v our_o estate_n in_o every_o respect_n from_o whence_o also_o have_v we_o receive_v the_o custom_n incident_a to_o those_o estate_n and_o likewise_o the_o quality_n of_o they_o being_n most_o of_o they_o feudal_n and_o enjoy_v under_o several_a military_a condition_n and_o service_n so_o that_o of_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o thence_o we_o must_v receive_v the_o law_n also_o by_o which_o these_o tenor_n and_o the_o custom_n incident_a to_o they_o be_v regulate_v and_o by_o which_o every_o man_n right_a in_o such_o estate_n be_v secure_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o from_o normandy_n and_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o conqueror_n we_o receive_v most_o if_o not_o all_o
english_a and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o in_o this_o cause_n it_o will_v follow_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n in_o all_o other_o county_n all_o over_o england_n last_o that_o these_o gentleman_n be_v well_o skill_v in_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n which_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a if_o they_o have_v be_v alter_v as_o you_o suppose_v m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n many_o englishman_n may_v have_v estate_n leave_v they_o which_o may_v not_o be_v take_v away_o till_o some_o year_n after_o and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n place_n this_o trial_n between_o earl_n odo_n and_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n about_o the_o first_o year_n of_o k._n william_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o it_o happen_v before_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o earl_n eadwin_n morcar_n and_o siward_n together_o with_o egelwin_n bishop_n of_o durham_n as_o also_o many_o 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be_v pardon_v for_o it_o still_o hold_v their_o estate_n and_o as_o you_o say_v they_o forfeit_v they_o afterward_o for_o rebellion_n than_o it_o be_v certain_a k._n william_n do_v not_o proceed_v against_o the_o english_a as_o a_o conqueror_n since_o if_o he_o have_v he_o will_v have_v take_v away_o their_o estate_n jure_fw-la belli_fw-la which_o since_o as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v he_o do_v not_o whatever_o estate_n he_o take_v away_o afterward_o be_v either_o for_o treason_n commit_v by_o the_o english_a or_o else_o wrongful_o if_o the_o former_a he_o do_v it_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n if_o wrongful_o then_o as_o a_o tyrant_n and_o as_o such_o can_v obtain_v no_o just_a right_n against_o the_o english_a nation_n by_o his_o unjust_a proceed_n but_o indeed_o after_o all_o you_o be_v quite_o out_o in_o your_o account_n concern_v this_o matter_n for_o as_o to_o the_o great_a trial_n you_o now_o mention_v it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n nor_o can_v happen_v soon_o than_o the_o six_o or_o seven_o of_o his_o reign_n for_o archbishop_n stigand_n be_v not_o depose_v till_o the_o year_n 1070._o which_o be_v the_o four_o year_n of_o k._n william_n and_o in_o the_o next_o year_n be_v 1071._o the_o annal_n of_o mailros_n as_o also_o the_o chronicle_n of_o thomas_n wiks_n place_n archbishop_n lanfranc_n consecration_n and_o fetch_v of_o his_o pall_n from_o rome_n so_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v until_o the_o year_n after_o this_o rebellion_n at_o the_o soon_o when_o lanfranc_n be_v settle_v in_o his_o bishopric_n that_o this_o suit_n be_v commence_v by_o he_o against_o earl_n odo_n and_o therefore_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n have_v still_o estate_n let_v they_o after_o this_o rebellion_n and_o that_o they_o continue_v to_o have_v so_o some_o year_n after_o this_o time_n appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o k._n william_n which_o mr._n atwood_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o janus_n aâ—glorum_fw-la p._n etc._n etc._n concern_v the_o restitution_n of_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n which_o be_v also_o transcribe_v and_o allow_v by_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o it_o and_o i_o desire_v you_o particular_o to_o consider_v that_o write_v of_o k._n william_n direct_v to_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n roger_n e._n of_o morton_n and_o jeoffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n command_v they_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v assemble_v all_o those_o shire_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o plea_n have_v concern_v the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n before_o the_o queen_n go_v last_o into_o normandy_n the_o rest_n be_v most_o material_a to_o the_o cause_n in_o hand_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a cum_fw-la quibus_fw-la â—tiam_fw-la since_o the_o baronibus_fw-la mâ—is_fw-la qui_fw-la competenter_fw-la adesse_fw-la potâ—â—unt_fw-la &_o praedicto_fw-la placito_fw-la intersuerunt_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la terâ—â—s_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la tenent_fw-la quibus_fw-la in_o â—num_fw-la congragatis_fw-la eligantur_fw-la plures_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la angliâ—_n quisciunt_fw-la quo_fw-la modo_fw-la terrae_fw-la jacebant_fw-la praefatae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la obiit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la inde_fw-la dixerint_fw-la ibidem_fw-la jurando_fw-la testentur_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o may_v also_o gather_v that_o this_o trial_n concern_v the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o order_v be_v to_o be_v in_o like_a maâ—ner_n and_o by_o a_o jury_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o englishman_n who_o try_v the_o cause_n between_o earl_n odâ—_n and_o arch_a bishop_n lanfranc_n that_o be_v they_o be_v english_a gentleman_n of_o sufficient_a estate_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v now._n let_v we_o look_v into_o the_o time_n when_o this_o happen_v since_o the_o writ_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o when_o it_o be_v only_o that_o it_o refer_v to_o a_o plea_n hold_v concern_v the_o church_n of_o ely_n before_o the_o queen_n last_o go_v into_o normandy_n so_o that_o this_o trial_n here_o mention_v can_v not_o happen_v till_o after_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o k._n william_n reign_n which_o i_o prove_v thus_o this_o queen_n do_v not_o come_v over_o into_o england_n till_o the_o year_n 1068._o when_o the_o king_n return_v with_o his_o queen_n out_o of_o normandy_n after_o his_o coronation_n at_o which_o she_o be_v not_o present_a after_o which_o k._n william_n go_v not_o into_o normandy_n till_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o he_o go_v over_o and_o take_v man_n and_o then_o whether_o he_o carry_v the_o queen_n with_o he_o be_v uncertain_a but_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n tell_v we_o he_o go_v over_o again_o the_o next_o year_n and_o then_o he_o may_v carry_v the_o queen_n with_o he_o which_o may_v be_v the_o first_o time_n she_o return_v into_o normandy_n but_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o same_o annal_n that_o the_o king_n go_v over_o the_o year_n after_o and_o stay_v but_o a_o little_a while_n return_v into_o normandy_n to_o fight_v against_o his_o rebellious_a son_n prince_n robert_n where_o stay_v not_o long_o he_o return_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v drive_v his_o son_n out_o of_o normandy_n nor_o do_v we_o find_v he_o go_v over_o again_o till_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v the_o year_n 1080._o and_o then_o i_o suppose_v since_o he_o stay_v there_o for_o some_o time_n he_o carry_v the_o queen_n with_o he_o and_o to_o this_o last_o go_v over_o i_o suppose_v this_o writ_n we_o have_v cite_v refer_v for_o though_o the_o queen_n go_v over_o again_o after_o this_o yet_o she_o return_v no_o more_o because_o she_o die_v in_o normandy_n in_o the_o year_n 1083._o as_o jogulph_n who_o be_v then_o alive_a relate_v the_o use_n i_o make_v of_o these_o particular_n be_v this_o that_o long_o after_o the_o time_n you_o suppose_v the_o english_a to_o have_v lose_v all_o their_o estate_n we_o here_o find_v a_o great_a jury_n of_o englishman_n summon_v out_o of_o several_a shire_n in_o england_n to_o try_v this_o great_a cause_n concern_v the_o land_n which_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n have_v be_v unjust_o disseise_v of_o so_o that_o here_o you_o see_v after_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o this_o king_n the_o english_a still_o continue_v to_o keep_v their_o estate_n and_o to_o serve_v upon_o juries_n and_o consequent_o the_o plead_n before_o they_o as_o well_o as_o their_o verdict_n must_v have_v be_v in_o english_a m._n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o this_o point_n any_o far_a yet_o this_o much_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o all_o the_o plead_n and_o proceed_n at_o wâ—stminster_n as_o also_o the_o old_a law_n book_n be_v all_o in_o french_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n britton_n not_o to_o mention_v those_o of_o latter_a day_n as_o littleton_n tenor_n and_o other_o and_o so_o be_v
each_o man_n pepzylo_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o set_v by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n athâ—lstan_n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v much_o upon_o divers_a lesser_a thing_n which_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n impose_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o disarm_v they_o of_o all_o offensive_a weapon_n forbid_v they_o to_o hunt_n or_o kill_v any_o deer_n in_o his_o chase_n or_o forest_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o eye_n and_o member_n as_o also_o keep_v up_o and_o reinforcing_a the_o ancient_a law_n of_o decenaries_n or_o tything_n whereby_o every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v with_o their_o ten_o man_n or_o tthe_a man_n body_n for_o body_n of_o each_o other_o good_a abearance_n as_o also_o that_o law_n forbid_v all_o sit_v up_o late_o at_o night_n or_o assembly_n after_o eight_o of_o the_o clock_n but_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v go_v to_o bed_n and_o put_v out_o both_o fire_n and_o candle_n at_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o coverteâ—_n bell_n these_o thing_n i_o think_v be_v very_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n do_v very_o much_o abridge_v and_o in_o some_o thing_n whole_o take_v away_o the_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o lâ—giâ—sh_a nobility_n clergy_n and_o commons_o and_o do_v also_o make_v many_o and_o great_a alteration_n not_o only_o in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_n but_o also_o in_o the_o very_a 〈◊〉_d of_o our_o law_n both_o criminal_a and_o civil_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o make_v more_o â—â—â—erations_n of_o thâ—_n kind_n it_o be_v whole_o owe_v to_o his_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n since_o aâ—_n eâ—dmerus_n tell_v we_o he_o order_v all_o divine_a and_o secular_a thing_n accord_v to_o his_o pleasure_n f._n that_o i_o may_v the_o better_a answer_n what_o you_o have_v say_v i_o shall_v partly_o grant_v and_o partly_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v allege_v and_o also_o further_o prove_v that_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o as_o you_o have_v lay_v they_o yet_o will_v they_o not_o prove_v your_o conclusion_n that_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o arbitrary_a and_o tyrannical_a action_n can_v create_v any_o right_n by_o conquest_n either_o to_o he_o or_o to_o his_o successor_n and_o therefore_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o first_o head_n viz._n the_o privilege_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n as_o to_o office_n and_o dignity_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v true_a as_o the_o author_n you_o have_v cite_v relate_v that_o sâ—arce_o any_o englishman_n be_v when_o they_o write_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o abbot_n yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o the_o latter_a end_n and_o not_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o as_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n i_o do_v not_o read_v of_o any_o more_o than_o stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o egelric_n bishop_n of_o durham_n who_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o bishopric_n have_v successor_n put_v in_o their_o room_n in_o their_o life_n time_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o place_n of_o this_o last_o not_o any_o norman_a but_o one_o walcher_n a_o english_a man_n be_v name_v by_o the_o k._n to_o succeed_v and_o as_o for_o the_o earl_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v be_v against_o he_o and_o oppose_v his_o come_n in_o there_o be_v not_o one_o but_o he_o receive_v they_o into_o savour_n and_o continue_v in_o his_o dignity_n and_o estate_n as_o in_o particular_a the_o earl_n eadwin_n and_o morchar_n brother_n together_o with_o waltheof_n and_o siward_n and_o edgar_z aâ—â—eling_n who_o they_o have_v name_v k._n of_o england_n all_o who_o keep_v their_o earldom_n and_o estate_n till_o terrify_v by_o the_o king_n severe_a and_o tyrannical_a proceed_n the_o three_o first_o of_o these_o â—led_v away_o as_o you_o have_v already_o show_v though_o i_o confess_v prince_n edgar_n have_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n before_o this_o flee_v into_o scotland_n but_o yet_o be_v afterward_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o his_o estate_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o king_n manner_n of_o dispose_n of_o his_o honour_n or_o preferment_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a till_o earl_n waltheo_n be_v convict_v of_o be_v in_o the_o plot_n with_o ralph_n de_fw-fr waher_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o other_o lord_n as_o well_o english_a as_o norman_n to_o expel_v k._n william_n and_o from_o that_o time_n be_v the_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n i_o grant_v he_o change_v his_o whole_a course_n of_o government_n and_o put_v no_o more_o englishman_n into_o any_o place_n of_o honour_n or_o profit_n though_o w._n malmesbury_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v the_o king_n severity_n in_o these_o word_n ind_n prâ—positum_fw-la regis_fw-la fortassis_fw-la meritò_fw-la excusatur_fw-la siâ—aliquando_fw-la durior_fw-la in_o anglos_n â—uâ—rit_n quod_fw-la penâ—_n nullum_fw-la eorum_fw-la fidelem_fw-la invenerit_fw-la though_o with_o this_o author_n good_a leave_n the_o k._n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o conspiracy_n by_o his_o own_o tyranny_n and_o breach_n of_o oath_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o so_o that_o either_o this_o k._n be_v move_v by_o just_a provocation_n thus_o to_o debar_v all_o englishman_n from_o be_v prefer_v to_o dignity_n or_o office_n or_o he_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a and_o that_o he_o have_v just_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o any_o other_o foreign_a prince_n who_o have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n will_v have_v do_v in_o the_o like_a case_n but_o if_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o justice_n but_o also_o to_o his_o own_o coronation_n oath_n one_o clause_n of_o which_o as_o malmesbury_n show_v we_o in_o his_o de_fw-la gestis_fw-la 271._o pontificum_fw-la be_v quod_fw-la se_fw-la modeste_fw-la erga_fw-la subditos_fw-la ageret_fw-la &_o aequo_fw-la jure_fw-la anglos_n &_o francos_fw-la tractaret_fw-la so_o that_o this_o king_n arbitrary_a and_o 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king_n and_o people_n so_o when_o divers_a king_n of_o england_n by_o their_o tyrannical_a and_o illegal_a practice_n have_v make_v divers_a violation_n of_o these_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n there_o then_o grow_v a_o necessity_n of_o new_a grant_n and_o confirm_v those_o liberty_n and_o consequent_o of_o reduce_v they_o into_o write_v which_o there_o be_v not_o before_o and_o that_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o iii_o ed._n the_o i._o and_o divers_a other_o of_o their_o successor_n be_v make_v either_o for_o their_o explanation_n or_o ratification_n according_a as_o occasion_v require_v and_o as_o several_a prince_n have_v more_o or_o less_o violate_v these_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n for_o before_o they_o have_v so_o do_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o parliament_n make_v or_o declare_v any_o law_n about_o it_o but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v have_v 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now_o to_o the_o last_o clause_n save_o one_o you_o except_v against_o viz._n that_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n now_o your_o main_a argument_n against_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n desertion_n of_o the_o government_n be_v only_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o life_n or_o of_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o royal_a dignity_n can_v not_o by_o his_o go_v away_o be_v say_v to_o abdicate_v or_o renounce_v the_o crown_n since_o he_o go_v away_o with_o a_o intention_n to_o return_v and_o repossess_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o with_o safety_n he_o may_v to_o which_o before_o i_o make_v any_o answer_n i_o must_v free_o own_v that_o be_v this_o the_o case_n as_o you_o have_v put_v it_o i_o think_v there_o will_v be_v no_o great_a dispute_n in_o it_o since_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o king_n who_o be_v thus_o force_v to_o fly_v for_o fear_n of_o his_o life_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v any_o such_o injustice_n put_v upon_o he_o but_o if_o you_o 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nuncios_fw-la ad_fw-la johannem_fw-la ducem_fw-la normandiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o you_o see_v he_o call_v he_o no_o more_o than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n prince_n henry_n if_o this_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o prove_v a_o divine_a right_n of_o succession_n in_o henry_n the_o iiid_n i_o doub_v it_o will_v do_v you_o but_o little_a service_n for_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n it_o must_v have_v be_v lodge_v some_o where_o else_o than_o in_o this_o prince_n for_o when_o king_n john_n his_o father_n die_v eleanor_n the_o sister_n of_o duke_n arthur_n be_v then_o alive_a and_o die_v not_o till_o the_o 25_o the_o year_n of_o king_n henrys_n reign_v a_o close_a prisoner_n in_o bristol_n castle_n as_o matthew_n paris_z relate_v 574._o so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a he_o can_v have_v no_o such_o divine_a hereditary_n right_o as_o you_o suppose_v and_o therefore_o perhaps_o his_o father_n to_o strengthen_v his_o title_n and_o to_o recommend_v he_o the_o more_o to_o the_o people_n savour_n 276._o appoint_v he_o his_o successor_n by_o his_o last_o testament_n and_o matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_z tell_v we_o that_o when_o king_n john_n die_v henricum_fw-la primegenitum_fw-la suum_fw-la regni_fw-la constituit_fw-la haeredem_fw-la so_o that_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v then_o no_o such_o hereditary_a right_n for_o if_o it_o have_v what_o need_n have_v there_o be_v of_o this_o testament_n but_o for_o all_o this_o divine_a right_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o this_o poor_a princess_n eleanor_n have_v any_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o great_a lord_n to_o take_v her_o part_n but_o all_o the_o dispute_n than_o be_v at_o this_o great_a convention_n at_o gloucester_n whether_o they_o shall_v abjure_v prince_n lewis_n who_o most_o of_o they_o have_v before_o choose_v for_o their_o lord_n and_o adhere_v to_o prince_n henry_n 145._o there_o present_a before_o they_o as_o matthew_n paris_z tell_v we_o erat_fw-la autem_fw-la tâ_fw-la tempestate_fw-la inter_fw-la optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la fluctuatio_fw-la maxima_fw-la cui_fw-la se_fw-la regi_fw-la committeâ—ent_fw-la juvenine_a henrico_n a_o domino_fw-la ludovico_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o relation_n our_o historian_n give_v we_o of_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v not_o from_o any_o great_a sense_n that_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n have_v of_o the_o justness_n of_o prince_n henry_n title_n that_o make_v they_o agree_v to_o choose_v he_o king_n but_o the_o hatred_n they_o then_o bear_v to_o prince_n lewis_n when_o they_o find_v he_o have_v break_v his_o contract_n with_o they_o and_o put_v all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o french_a man_n and_o treat_v the_o english_a nobility_n with_o scorn_n and_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o they_o prefer_v a_o innocent_a young_a prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o have_v never_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o father_n fault_n before_o a_o stranger_n who_o fraudulent_a deal_n with_o they_o they_o have_v find_v not_o to_o answer_v their_o expectation_n and_o therefore_o mat._n westminster_n tell_v we_o that_o omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o brevi_fw-la ipsi_fw-la juveni_fw-la regi_fw-la hemico_fw-la qui_fw-la nihil_fw-la culpae_fw-la versus_fw-la tos_fw-la merueras_fw-la fideliter_fw-la adhaeserunt_fw-la but_o to_o prove_v far_o that_o this_o king_n come_v in_o by_o election_n and_o not_o by_o succession_n appear_v by_o what_o our_o historian_n relate_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o col._n that_o on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n simon_n and_o jude_n henry_n son_n of_o king_n john_n in_o regem_fw-la erigitur_fw-la viribus_fw-la &_o industria_fw-la gualonis_fw-la papâ—e_fw-la legati_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v not_o king_n before_o and_o i_o desire_v no_o better_o a_o authority_n than_o your_o own_o author_n 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or_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v no_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o form_n of_o our_o choose_v our_o king_n after_o your_o conquest_n from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o for_o no_o less_o than_o seven_o or_o eighâ—_n descent_n and_o when_o you_o can_v answer_v this_o i_o shall_v then_o come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n m._n in_o answer_n to_o your_o question_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o all_o our_o historian_n give_v all_o the_o king_n you_o mention_v no_o high_a title_n than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n or_o earl_n of_o poictou_n before_o their_o coronation_n which_o though_o i_o suppose_v they_o may_v do_v from_o a_o foolish_a superstition_n of_o that_o age_n which_o make_v they_o fancy_n that_o none_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v call_v king_n until_o they_o have_v be_v anoint_v and_o solemn_o crown_v by_o a_o bishop_n yet_o that_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o king_n indeed_o appear_v in_o that_o they_o
crown_n of_o france_n as_o ever_o they_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n if_o ever_o our_o king_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o revive_v their_o ancient_a pretension_n to_o france_n or_o normandy_n or_o make_v war_n upon_o some_o other_o quarrel_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v more_o far_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n to_o leave_v we_o our_o law_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o we_o now_o enjoy_v they_o nay_o to_o make_v a_o express_a capitulation_n for_o they_o and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v to_o foment_n those_o jealousy_n and_o dispute_n that_o be_v still_o like_a to_o arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o we_o about_o they_o thereby_o to_o hinder_v we_o from_o join_v against_o he_o then_o by_o render_v the_o king_n absolute_a to_o take_v they_o quite_o away_o and_o put_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o purse_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o sword_n whole_o into_o his_o hand_n to_o conclude_v you_o do_v also_o very_o much_o misrepresent_v the_o matter_n in_o suppose_v 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or_o capable_a to_o come_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n with_o man_n or_o money_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o vain_a supposition_n to_o believe_v as_o you_o do_v that_o this_o new_a revolution_n can_v be_v bring_v about_o without_o any_o more_o difficulty_n or_o bloodshed_n then_o the_o last_o as_o long_o as_o the_o present_a king_n and_o queen_n continue_v to_o govern_v we_o according_a to_o the_o declaration_n they_o subscribe_v upon_o their_o acceptance_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o coronation_n oath_n they_o have_v since_o take_v which_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v always_o do_v since_o nothing_o but_o follow_v king_n james_n example_n as_o well_o as_o to_o religion_n as_o civil_a liberty_n can_v ever_o make_v this_o nation_n willing_a to_o receive_v he_o or_o your_o prince_n of_o wales_n with_o so_o little_a difficulty_n as_o you_o be_v
that_o administer_v it_o be_v alter_v so_o that_o it_o will_v conduce_v nothing_o to_o king_n james_n affair_n if_o all_o the_o gentry_n and_o lawyer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o refuse_v this_o oath_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v they_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o great_a law_n of_o prosecute_a the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n m._n well_o since_o i_o can_v expect_v so_o great_a firmness_n of_o mind_n and_o courage_n from_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o especial_o the_o lawyer_n who_o have_v be_v always_o but_o too_o forward_o to_o comply_v with_o all_o government_n how_o unlawful_a soever_o and_o since_o you_o who_o think_v that_o you_o may_v lawful_o take_v this_o oath_n not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o you_o have_v interpret_v to_o countenance_v your_o opinion_n but_o also_o from_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a law_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n or_o civil_a society_n which_o i_o grant_v must_v be_v maintain_v during_o the_o king_n absence_n since_o you_o say_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o it_o though_o i_o be_o not_o full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o so_o far_o as_o to_o take_v it_o myself_o yet_o will_v i_o not_o absolute_o condemn_v you_o or_o any_o other_o sincere_o and_o honest_a man_n who_o do_v only_o take_v it_o out_o of_o a_o good_a intent_n to_o maintain_v some_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o and_o also_o to_o keep_v out_o the_o fanatic_n from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o it_o so_o i_o hope_v the_o government_n will_v excuse_v i_o if_o my_o conscience_n will_v not_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o take_v it_o myself_o since_o there_o be_v enough_o of_o you_o who_o be_v free_a to_o do_v it_o without_o we_o so_o that_o if_o i_o can_v keep_v that_o small_a employment_n i_o have_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n i_o will_v free_o give_v it_o up_o since_o as_o long_o as_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v in_o my_o conscience_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n as_o the_o apostle_n have_v true_o define_v it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o speak_v very_o honest_o and_o charitable_o in_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o can_v wish_v all_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n have_v the_o like_a moderation_n and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o condemn_v of_o wilful_a perjury_n so_o many_o good_a bishop_n nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o other_o both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o they_o may_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n and_o therefore_o pray_v however_o we_o differ_v in_o opinion_n about_o these_o matter_n let_v we_o maintain_v the_o same_o friendship_n for_o each_o other_o as_o we_o have_v before_o m._n sir_n i_o ready_o embrace_v so_o fair_a and_o kind_a a_o offer_n and_o as_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v do_v i_o what_o kind_a office_n you_o can_v whilst_o you_o continue_v to_o act_v under_o this_o government_n so_o i_o will_v promise_v to_o do_v the_o same_o for_o you_o when_o ever_o the_o king_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o throne_n again_o f._n i_o willing_o and_o thankful_o accept_v the_o proposal_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o your_o friendship_n since_o i_o look_v upon_o your_o dissent_v from_o i_o not_o to_o proceed_v from_o any_o wilfulness_n or_o obstinacy_n but_o out_o of_o a_o tender_a conscience_n and_o too_o great_a and_o high_a a_o sense_n of_o your_o duty_n which_o i_o must_v still_o confess_v be_v error_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o therefore_o now_o take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o shall_v only_o desire_v you_o to_o believe_v i_o your_o real_a friend_n and_o humble_a servant_n m._n i_o hope_v you_o think_v i_o have_v the_o same_o esteem_n for_o you_o and_o therefore_o must_v always_o own_v myself_o you_o finis_fw-la a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o many_o be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z seven_o eight_o nine_o ten_o eleven_o twelfth_n and_o thirteen_o dialogue_n 1694._o a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o these_o dialogue_n be_v write_v discursive_o and_o not_o determinative_o this_o w._n signify_v the_o question_n by_o the_o word_n whether_o note_v d._n signify_v dialogue_n p._n page_n a_o abel_n w._n subject_a to_o his_o brother_n cain_n by_o divine_a institution_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o to_o 70._o abesses_fw-la often_o present_a in_o saxon_n and_o french_a great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 393._o abbot_n w._n all_o that_o be_v ancient_o summon_v to_o parliament_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la d._n 8._o p._n 556._o and_o how_o many_o come_v to_o be_v by_o degree_n omit_v ibid._n abbot_n and_o abbess_n sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n w._n a_o king_n can_v do_v it_o any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o some_o express_a act_n d._n 11._o p._n 813_o 815_o 832_o to_o the_o end_n abuse_n of_o governor_n their_o several_a kind_n d._n 3._o p._n 161._o to_o 164._o king_n act_n illegal_a w._n also_o inauthoritative_a d._n 9_o p._n 644._o to_o 649._o act_n of_o parliament_n w._n they_o to_o hold_v good_a though_o not_o call_v by_o the_o king_n d_o 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 896._o adam_n w._n he_o have_v confer_v on_o he_o by_o god_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a eaath_v and_o of_o all_o creature_n therein_o d._n 1._o p._n 37._o to_o 39_o w._n by_o be_v a_o husband_n and_o father_n he_o be_v also_o absolute_a lord_n over_o eve_n and_o all_o her_o posterity_n ib._n p._n 12._o to_o 25._o adel_n and_o adelman_n their_o signification_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n d._n 6._o p._n 374._o alderman_n its_o signification_n among_o the_o same_o ib._n p._n 375._o alderman_n of_o country_n who_o d._n 5._o p._n 370._o king_n alfred_n his_o testament_n d._n 10._o p._n 721._o st._n alban_n burrough_n petition_v to_o king_n edw._n the_o second_o d._n 8._o p._n 576_o to_o 578._o allegiance_n w._n due_a by_o law_n to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o the_o end_n the_o word_n alij_fw-la in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n it_o signify_v only_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 491_o 493_o 518._o 523._o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v be_v sometime_o elect_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 8._o p._n 570_o 571._o stand_v army_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n against_o law_n d._n 9_o p._n 638_o 639._o great_a assembly_n at_o runne-mead_n w._n it_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n p._n 453_o 454._o attainder_n of_o treason_n against_o king_n de_fw-la facto_fw-la have_v always_o hold_v good_a till_o repeal_v d._n 13._o p._n 910._o authority_n of_o parliament_n the_o phrase_n how_o ancient_a in_o our_o statute-book_n d._n 5_o p._n 334._o to_o 340._o b_o babel_n when_o built_n d._n 2._o p._n 76_o 77._o banneret_n its_o ancient_a signification_n d._n 7._o p._n 540._o baro._n the_o title_n w._n it_o ancient_o signify_v no_o other_o person_n than_o a_o baron_n of_o parliament_n d._n p._n 402._o to_o 407._o barones_n angliae_fw-la w._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o ib._n p._n 394_o p._n 406._o to_o 411._o barones_n comitatus_fw-la who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 10._o p._n 743_o 744._o barnstaple_n burrough_n its_o â—lea_n to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o grant_n from_o king_n athelstan_n d._n 8._o p._n 605._o bishop_n w._n they_o derive_v their_o right_n of_o sit_v in_o parliament_n from_o the_o saxon_a king_n d._n 5._o p._n 366._o to_o 368._o they_o sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o seven_o bishop_n w._n their_o petition_n to_o king_n james_n against_o his_o declaration_n and_o his_o commitment_n of_o they_o be_v justifiable_a by_o our_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 823._o to_o 830._o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n ancient_o confer_v by_o the_o king_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la d._n 5._o p._n 36._o 38._o elder_a brother_n w._n lord_n of_o all_o brethren_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 65._o to_o 89._o bracton_n that_o passage_n in_o his_o book_n interpret_v viz._n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o legem_fw-la d._n 10_o p._n 701._o burrough_n w._n any_o of_o they_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n d._n 6._o p._n 382_o 383._o d._n
the_o only_a judge_n of_o all_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 891_o to_o 892._o d._n 12._o p._n 893._o d._n 13._o p._n 917_o to_o 919_o 921._o eve_n w._n by_o be_v subject_n to_o adam_n all_o her_o posterity_n become_v so_o likewise_o d._n 1._o p._n 14._o to_o 25._o f_o father_n w._n by_o right_a of_o generation_n or_o of_o education_n lord_n over_o their_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1_o p._n 13_o 14._o w._n any_o such_o power_n be_v give_v by_o divine_a grant_n to_o adam_n and_o in_o he_o to_o all_o other_o father_n ib._n p._n 26_o 30_o to_o 36._o w._n father_n of_o family_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ib._n 19_o to_o 26._o w._n they_o may_v sell_v their_o child_n ib._n 26._o to_o 31._o w._n they_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o their_o child_n in_o case_n of_o any_o violent_a assault_n upon_o their_o life_n ib._n p._n 41._o w._n perpetual_a master_n over_o their_o child_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v ib_a p._n 45._o to_o 51._o fideles_fw-la the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 6._o p._n 390_o 391._o d._n 7._o p._n 448._o to_o 451._o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n w._n they_o do_v not_o rather_o encourage_v tyranny_n than_o fatherly_a affection_n in_o prince_n towards_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 118._o w._n they_o do_v not_o also_o favour_v usurper_n ib._n 125._o to_o 128._o g_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n the_o main_a design_n of_o all_o government_n d._n 1._o p._n 55._o to_o 61._o civil_a government_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n d._n 1._o p._n 11._o 19_o 21._o w._n there_o have_v be_v any_o necessity_n of_o it_o if_o man_n have_v never_o sin_v ib._n p._n 11._o what_o it_o be_v and_o its_o prerogative_n d._n 3._o p._n 173._o w._n it_o can_v be_v settle_v without_o liberty_n and_o property_n in_o estate_n ib._n 174._o government_n of_o family_n and_o kingdom_n its_o original_a and_o necessity_n d._n 1._o p._n 10._o to_o 12._o supreme_a governor_n in_o what_o case_n they_o cease_v to_o be_v god_n ordinance_n d._n 1._o p._n 41._o government_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o saxon_n always_o by_o common_a council_n d._n 5._o p._n 365._o to_o 369._o grands_fw-fr or_o grant_n in_o parliament_n what_o those_o word_n signify_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n the_o lord_n alone_o or_o the_o commons_o also_o d._n 6._o p._n 369._o vid._n append._n guard_n of_o the_o king_n when_o when_o first_o set_v up_o d._n 9_o p._n 639._o h_o k._n harold_n w._n william_n of_o normandy_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o d._n 10_o p._n 718._o what_o title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n ib._n p._n 720._o haereditamentum_fw-la its_o derivation_n ib._n p._n 721._o hengist_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n who_o found_v the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n w._n so_o by_o election_n or_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 357._o to_o 362._o king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o w._n his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n or_o election_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 861._o to_o 863._o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o w._n his_o son_n be_v not_o unjust_o disinherit_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o himself_o unjust_o depose_v by_o edward_n the_o ivth_o ib._n p._n 863._o to_o 867._o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n ib._n p._n 868._o to_o 870._o king_n henry_n the_o viiith_o w._n the_o several_a alteration_n he_o make_v as_o to_o the_o the_o succession_n be_v legal_a d._n 12._o p._n 871_o 872._o homage_n w._n it_o render_v the_o prince_n or_o lord_n irresistible_a d._n 10._o p._n 727.728_o homines_fw-la liberi_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o english_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 428._o to_o 430._o homily_n of_o our_o church_n the_o the_o chief_a passage_n therein_o against_o all_o manner_n of_o resistance_n of_o governor_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 287.288_o w._n it_o be_v heresy_n or_o schism_n to_o deny_v their_o authority_n in_o any_o point_n there_o lay_v down_o ib._n 289.290_o vid._n append._n mr._n hooker_n opinion_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o civil_a government_n d._n 12._o p._n 129.130_o w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n have_v any_o coercive_a power_n ove_fw-la the_o king_n d._n 9_o p._n 634._o w._n the_o two_o house_n have_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n renounce_v all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 658._o i_o king_n james_n the_o first_o speech_n in_o parliament_n against_o tyranny_n d._n 3._o p._n 148._o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o k._n james_n hereditary_a right_n how_o far_o it_o oblige_v posterity_n d._n 12._o p._n 871_o to_o 874._o king_n james_n ii_o w._n he_o violatid_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n before_o his_o desertion_n d._n 9_o p._n 673._o to_o 685._o or_o w._n he_o have_v amend_v all_o those_o violation_n before_o his_o departure_n p._n 685._o to_o 689._o w._n his_o set_v up_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o put_v in_o popish_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o actual_a make_v war_n upon_o the_o nation_n ib._n p._n 683.687_o w._n he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n by_o his_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o else_o by_o his_o desert_v it_o d._n 11._o p._n 790._o to_o 799._o w._n he_o may_v have_v be_v again_o safe_o restore_v to_o the_o government_n upon_o reasonable_a term_n ib._n p._n 801._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o real_o intend_v to_o redress_v all_o the_o violation_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o it_o p._n 805._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o resume_v the_o government_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o london_n from_o feversham_n ib._n 802._o to_o 806._o jesus_n christ_n do_v not_o alter_v civil_a government_n neither_o by_o take_v away_o the_o prerogative_n of_o prince_n nor_o yet_o by_o abridge_n the_o civil_a liberty_n of_o subject_n d._n 4._o p._n 216._o to_o 220._o jew_n often_o rebel_v and_o sometime_o kill_v their_o king_n d._n 3._o p._n 203_o to_o 205._o their_o resistance_n of_o antiochus_n consider_v ibid._n p._n 208._o to_o the_o end_n jewish_a government_n before_o saul_n w._n aristocratical_a or_o monarchical_a d._n p._n 93._o to_o 101._o judah_n and_o thamar_n the_o history_n consider_v d._n 1._o p._n 33._o judge_n over_o israel_n their_o power_n w._n monarchical_a d._n 2._o p._n 95_o 96._o w._n some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n of_o some_o particular_a tribe_n p._n 96_o 97._o judgement_n divine_a w._n they_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o humane_a mean_n or_o force_n d._n 4._o p._n 259_o 260._o k_o king_n w._n to_o be_v repute_v father_n of_o their_o people_n as_o the_o heir_n or_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o be_v once_o so_o d._n 2._o p._n 65._o w._n they_o derive_v their_o power_n from_o god_n or_o from_o the_o people_n and_o law_n d._n 11._o p._n 773._o to_o 780._o d._n 12._o p._n 936_o to_o 938._o saxon_a king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o w._n they_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n ib._n p._n 338_o to_o 345._o king_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n elect_v and_o often_o depose_v by_o the_o great_a council_n ibid._n p._n 365._o the_o same_o do_v also_o in_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o gothic_a model_n ib._n p._n 365._o king_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o king_n william_n i._n w._n they_o derive_v their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o conquest_n or_o some_o other_o title_n d._n 10._o p._n 713._o their_o concession_n to_o subject_n do_v no_o way_n derogate_v from_o royal_a prerogative_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.716_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o observe_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n d._n 12.882.888_o king_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principle_n above_o all_o law_n and_o alone_o make_v they_o d._n 2._o p._n 123.124_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o be_v head_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n d._n 11._o p._n 803._o to_o 805._o w._n he_o can_v have_v ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n tax_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o his_o discretion_n d._n 7._o p._n 495._o to_o 499._o w._n he_o can_v call_v or_o omit_v to_o summon_v to_o parliament_n what_o earl_n lord_n and_o tenant_n he_o please_v ibid._n p._n 505_o to_o 511.523_o w._n he_o can_v also_o summon_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n who_o serve_v before_o without_o any_o new_a election_n ib._n 537._o w._n he_o can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n discharge_v what_o knight_n of_o shire_n he_o please_v after_o they_o be_v choose_v ibid._n
p._n 539.540_o king_n how_o far_o god_n lieutenant_n d._n 9_o p._n 663._o w._n his_o authority_n be_v different_a from_o his_o personal_a will_n and_o command_n ib._n p._n 645._o to_o 648._o his_o person_n how_o far_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a ibid._n p._n 638.651_o to_o 657._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o case_n resistible_a notwithstanding_o the_o declaration_n of_o of_o the_o two_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 655._o w._n he_o have_v any_o authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n ib._n p._n 644_o to_o 649._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o good_a in_o law_n ib._n p._n 640._o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n w._n endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n d._n 5._o p._n 338_o to_o 345._o d._n 9_o p._n 650_o 651._o have_v no_o peer_n or_o equal_a in_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 354._o his_o presence_n w._n it_o will_v authorise_v all_o illegal_a action_n so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o irresistible_a d._n 9_o p._n 653_o 654._o his_o officer_n in_o what_o case_n resistible_a ib._n the_o king_n be_v irresistible_a how_o far_o different_a from_o be_v unaccountable_a d._n 9_o p._n 644_o 645._o king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a and_o unaccountable_a or_o w._n limit_v by_o law_n d._n 10._o p._n 693_o to_o 698._o most_o high_a in_o their_o state-royal_a when_o they_o appear_v in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n d._n 9_o p._n 643._o the_o first_o eight_o king_n after_o the_o conquest_n never_o be_v so_o style_v till_o after_o their_o coronation_n d._n 12._o p._n 840._o to_o 858.895_o king_n though_o he_o have_v no_o peer_n yet_o he_o have_v ancient_o comites_fw-la or_o companion_n d._n 5._o p._n 364_o 365._o w._n he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n by_o the_o wilful_a violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a law_n d._n 10._o p._n 694_o to_o 709._o d._n 11._o p._n 832_o 833._o kingly_a power_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n in_o this_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v w._n within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o whether_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o he_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o 940._o what_o constitute_v a_o legal_a king_n in_o england_n d._n 12._o p._n 889_o 890._o kingdom_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n w._n when_o give_v by_o god_n appointment_n it_o give_v the_o issue_n of_o that_o king_n a_o like_a divine_a right_o to_o succeed_v d._n 2._o p._n 99_o 100_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a and_o hereditary_a their_o difference_n ib._n 84_o 85._o knight_n of_o shire_n frequent_o style_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n in_o ancient_a record_n d._n 6._o p._n 424._o vid._n append._n w._n they_o be_v ancient_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o none_o other_o p._n 425._o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n w._n the_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o they_o that_o can_v be_v find_v be_v the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 519._o w._n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o they_o be_v summon_v ibid._n p._n 525_o to_o 530._o w._n they_o be_v summon_v no_o more_o till_o the_o eighteen_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o ibid._n p._n 522._o to_o the_o end_n d._n 8._o p._n 559._o to_o 563._o p._n 571_o to_o 576._o l_o lancaster_n w._n that_o family_n pretend_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n claim_v by_o inheritance_n d._n 12._o p._n 861_o 862._o law_n how_o far_o they_o oblige_v prince_n according_a to_o sir_n r._n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 120_o 121._o law_n imperial_a of_o all_o goâ—vernments_n w._n they_o require_v a_o passive_a obedience_n or_o nonresistance_n in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o d._n 3._o p._n 149.154_o law_n of_o nation_n w._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 26_o to_o 31._o law_n of_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o title_n to_o most_o of_o they_o d._n 5._o p._n 314._o to_o 319._o law_n of_o normandy_n w._n the_o same_o in_o most_o thing_n with_o those_o of_o england_n d._n 10._o p._n 752.753_o law_n fundamental_a of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o where_o to_o be_v find_v d._n 9_o p._n 666._o to_o 669._o d._n 10._o p._n 704._o d._n 11._o p._n 810._o to_o 814._o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n concern_v the_o king_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o if_o he_o prove_v a_o tyrant_n and_o w._n it_o be_v genuine_a or_o not_o d._n 10._o p._n 705._o to_o 712._o private_a league_n with_o france_n what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o and_o against_o its_o reality_n d._n 11._o p._n 800._o to_o 802._o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 6._o p._n 419.426_o to_o 431._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o choose_v by_o military_a service_n to_o they_o d._n 7._o p._n 449._o to_o 453.514_o m_o magna_n charta_n w._n obtain_v by_o rebellion_n d._n 3._o p._n 186._o magnates_n w._n the_o commons_o be_v not_o sometime_o comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 372.396_o 397._o queen_n marry_o w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n save_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o d._n 12._o p._n 872._o our_o present_a queen_n mary_n w._n she_o have_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v upon_o her_o father_n abdication_n ib._n p._n 853._o 884._o maud_n the_o empress_n why_o she_o never_o style_v herself_o queen_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o fealty_n have_v be_v swear_v to_o she_o d._n 12._o p._n 846._o several_a maxim_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n consider_v and_o explain_v d._n 1._o p._n 17_o 18_o 21.30_o the_o ancient_a member_n of_o the_o german_a diet_n or_o great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 375._o the_o milites_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v d._n 6._o p._n 431_o 432._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o any_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a or_o socage_n service_n d._n 7._o p._n 481.489_o 490._o mischief_n that_o may_v befall_v a_o people_n from_o their_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n consider_v d._n 3._o p._n 184._o to_o 189._o monarchy_n w._n of_o divine_a right_n from_o any_o precept_n or_o example_n in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a testament_n d._n 2._o p._n 130_o 131._o or_o from_o adam_n patriarchical_a power_n d._n 1._o p._n 19_o to_o 26._o monarchy_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v most_o tyrannical_a d._n 2._o p._n 110.111_o mix_v monarchy_n w._n it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n d._n 5._o p._n 345._o to_o 348._o sim._n montfort_n w._n he_o first_o call_v the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 596.597_o moses_n and_o joshua_n w._n monarch_n over_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n and_o successor_n to_o the_o patriarchical_a power_n d._n 2._o p._n 92._o to_o 100_o multitudo_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n d._n 8._o p._n 569._o to_o 571._o n_o w._n a_o whole_a nation_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o some_o case_n of_o extremity_n but_o not_o particular_a person_n d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 150.161_o 162._o d._n 4._o p._n 236._o to_o 239.272_o to_o 275._o negative_a voice_n w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v it_o not_o in_o some_o case_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 341._o noah_n w._n he_o be_v sole_a proprietor_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v tenant_n in_o common_a with_o his_o own_o child_n d._n 1._o p._n 74_o 75._o w._n his_o grandson_n be_v all_o alike_a prince_n over_o their_o several_a family_n ib._n p._n 75._o to_o 81._o w._n from_o noah_n seven_o precept_n may_v be_v deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 36_o 37._o nobilis_fw-la &_o nobilitas_fw-la the_o several_a signification_n of_o those_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 374_o 388.410_o w._n mere_a commoner_n be_v not_o often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o nobiles_fw-la ib._n 396_o 397._o non_fw-la obstantes_fw-la the_o clause_n when_o first_o insert_v in_o our_o king_n charter_n d._n 11._o p._n 820._o non_fw-fr resistance_n w._n the_o doctrine_n tend_v to_o make_v prince_n better_o or_o else_o more_o tyrannical_a to_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 116_o 117._o normandy_n w._n its_o duke_n be_v absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 10._o p._n 727._o o_o oath_n of_o the_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n how_o far_o oblige_v according_a to_o sir_n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 122.123_o it_o be_v ancient_a form_n according_a to_o the_o mirour_n d._n 5.364_o w._n the_o take_v the_o coronation_n oath_n render_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a if_o it_o
very_a letter_n of_o this_o law_n but_o also_o because_o i_o have_v now_o say_v all_o private_a person_n ought_v to_o submit_v their_o judgement_n in_o this_o matter_n to_o that_o of_o their_o representatives_n who_o if_o they_o have_v judge_v false_o be_v 〈◊〉_d bear_v the_o blame_n but_o yet_o their_o judgement_n for_o all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v for_o good_a till_o it_o be_v reverse_v in_o the_o same_o way_n in_o which_o it_o be_v give_v since_o if_o after_o such_o a_o recognition_n every_o private_a person_n shall_v still_o be_v free_a to_o pay_v his_o allegiance_n to_o he_o who_o he_o suppose_a king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la 57_o it_o will_v certain_o follow_v that_o the_o civil_a society_n or_o commonwealth_n must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v into_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o civil_a society_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o duty_n of_o self-preservation_n which_o oblige_v man_n not_o to_o expose_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n but_o to_o obtain_v a_o great_a good_a than_o both_o those_o which_o can_v only_o be_v the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o community_n and_o not_o the_o single_a interest_n of_o any_o one_o person_n or_o family_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v a_o great_a sin_n in_o those_o who_o be_v instrumental_a in_o raise_v rebellion_n and_o who_o be_v thereby_o guilty_a of_o a_o very_a enormous_a crime_n yet_o that_o which_o make_v it_o so_o be_v not_o bare_o the_o injury_n they_o commit_v against_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o if_o alone_o consider_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o oath_n in_o withdraw_v their_o allegiance_n can_v be_v no_o great_a a_o sin_n than_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o another_o person_n but_o indeed_o the_o fatal_a mischief_n and_o irreparable_a damage_n they_o do_v the_o commonwealth_n be_v that_o which_o aggravate_v the_o sin_n and_o if_o a_o new_a commotion_n to_o restore_v the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la will_v in_o all_o probability_n prove_v yet_o more_o destructive_a and_o a_o nation_n by_o be_v so_o much_o weaken_v by_o a_o former_a civil_a war_n be_v less_o able_a to_o bear_v a_o new_a civil_a war_n which_o may_v happen_v so_o far_o to_o the_o weaken_n of_o it_o as_o to_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o invasion_n and_o conquest_n of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n who_o may_v be_v enemy_n both_o to_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a constitution_n in_o such_o a_o case_n i_o can_v think_v it_o our_o duty_n to_o restore_v a_o prince_n by_o force_n though_o never_o so_o unjust_o drive_v from_o his_o throne_n and_o therefore_o if_o i_o have_v be_v then_o a_o man_n though_o i_o shall_v have_v be_v as_o much_o for_o bring_v home_o king_n charles_n as_o any_o body_n ought_v to_o be_v yet_o i_o shall_v have_v be_v only_o for_o it_o in_o the_o way_n in_o which_o it_o be_v bring_v about_o and_o shall_v never_o have_v desire_v it_o if_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v do_v but_o by_o a_o army_n of_o french_a or_o irish_a papist_n and_o the_o like_a i_o say_v now_o as_o to_o king_n james_n as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v join_v with_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n and_o be_v already_o go_v into_o ireland_n on_o purpose_n to_o renew_v the_o war_n by_o the_o arm_n and_o assistance_n of_o those_o who_o father_n as_o well_o as_o several_a of_o themselves_o do_v all_o they_o can_v to_o destroy_v not_o only_o the_o royal_a power_n but_o also_o the_o english_a religion_n and_o government_n in_o that_o nation_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o even_a rebel_n have_v put_v it_o out_o of_o their_o power_n to_o make_v reparation_n for_o all_o the_o wrong_n they_o may_v have_v do_v by_o rebel_a against_o their_o lawful_a prince_n because_o he_o in_o possession_n be_v too_o powerful_a to_o be_v drive_v out_o again_o without_o a_o violent_a civil_a war_n and_o a_o general_a concussion_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n this_o reparation_n to_o the_o injure_a prince_n be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v without_o a_o great_a evil_n than_o that_o they_o endeavour_v avoid_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v omit_v till_o it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o more_o safety_n to_o the_o nation_n or_o else_o not_o at_o all_o i_o say_v if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o make_v reparation_n to_o their_o injure_a king_n but_o by_o engage_v the_o nation_n in_o fresh_a civil_a war_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o attempt_v it_o by_o such_o unlawful_a and_o destructive_a mean_n m._n i_o confess_v the_o discourse_n you_o have_v now_o make_v carry_v the_o great_a appearance_n of_o truth_n of_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v yet_o say_v since_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o you_o have_v do_v well_o to_o own_o it_o to_o be_v rebelion_n to_o deprive_v a_o lawful_a prince_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o the_o crown_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o restore_v they_o again_o to_o it_o if_o we_o think_v it_o can_v be_v bring_v about_o without_o a_o general_a subversion_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n may_v be_v a_o question_n i_o grant_v indeed_o if_o we_o can_v be_v absolute_o certain_a of_o this_o there_o will_v be_v some_o colour_n for_o this_o argument_n but_o since_o future_a thing_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o demonstration_n if_o the_o restore_a our_o lawful_a prince_n be_v a_o duty_n incumbent_n upon_o every_o good_a subject_n we_o ought_v to_o endeavour_v it_o though_o with_o some_o danger_n and_o hazard_n of_o what_o ever_o be_v dear_a to_o we_o for_o god_n will_v either_o protect_v we_o both_o in_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n for_o thus_o honest_o perform_v our_o duty_n according_a as_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o our_o allegiance_n or_o if_o he_o have_v call_v we_o to_o suffer_v for_o the_o truth_n he_o will_v either_o find_v we_o patience_n to_o bear_v it_o or_o else_o provide_v we_o a_o way_n to_o escape_v this_o i_o speak_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o french_a and_o irish_a who_o conquest_n and_o malice_n you_o be_v so_o much_o afraid_a of_o in_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v restore_v by_o their_o assistance_n but_o indeed_o i_o think_v this_o a_o needless_a fear_n since_o i_o suppose_v the_o king_n will_v be_v too_o wise_a to_o bring_v over_o so_o many_o of_o either_o nation_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o entire_a conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n lest_o thereby_o both_o he_o and_o his_o crown_n may_v lie_v whole_o at_o their_o mercy_n when_o the_o business_n be_v do_v nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o either_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o french_a or_o irish_a to_o perform_v these_o dangerous_a thing_n not_o of_o the_o former_a because_o as_o i_o now_o say_v i_o suppose_v the_o king_n will_v never_o bring_v over_o more_o of_o they_o along_o with_o he_o than_o what_o may_v serve_v to_o make_v a_o stand_n against_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n force_n till_o his_o good_a and_o loyal_a subject_n can_v come_v in_o and_o join_v with_o they_o to_o his_o assistance_n and_o as_o for_o the_o irish_a they_o be_v also_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o though_o ignorant_a they_o be_v very_o inveterate_a against_o the_o protestant_a religion_n and_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o interest_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v so_o govern_v and_o overrule_v by_o the_o king_n as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o do_v we_o any_o considerable_a damage_n but_o as_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i_o do_v real_o believe_v he_o be_v far_o from_o intend_v to_o make_v a_o entire_a conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o himself_o much_o less_o desire_v to_o make_v the_o king_n as_o absolute_a a_o monarch_n here_o as_o himself_o be_v in_o france_n for_o we_o to_o the_o formâ—_n he_o have_v too_o much_o consideration_n of_o his_o own_o glory_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o world_n to_o seize_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o a_o near_a kinsman_n and_o ally_n of_o his_o own_o religion_n and_o who_o have_v be_v drive_v from_o his_o throne_n chief_o for_o be_v too_o much_o in_o his_o interest_n and_o beside_o all_o this_o he_o may_v very_o well_o fear_v that_o if_o he_o go_v about_o any_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o entire_a conquest_n of_o this_o nation_n all_o party_n may_v join_v against_o he_o as_o a_o common_a enemy_n and_o drive_v he_o out_o again_o as_o the_o english_a baron_n do_v prince_n lewis_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o iii_o d._n nor_o can_v it_o be_v the_o french_a king_n interest_n to_o make_v our_o king_n absolute_a here_o for_o then_o have_v the_o person_n and_o purse_n of_o his_o subject_n whole_o in_o his_o own_o power_n king_n lewis_n may_v just_o fear_v that_o either_o this_o king_n or_o his_o successor_n may_v prove_v as_o dangerous_a enemy_n to_o the_o