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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
king_n	aaron_n	anoint_v	ransom_n	30	3	11.8532	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65093	The works of the famous antiquary, Polidore Virgil containing the original of all arts, sciences, mysteries, orders, rites, and ceremonies, both ecclesiastical and civil : a work useful for all divines, historians, lawyers, and all artificers / compendiously English't by John [i.e. Thomas] Langley.; De rerum inventoribus. English	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581.	1663 (1663)	Wing V596; ESTC R28374	121,672	340

use of Dancing as Livy saith came from the Hetruscans to Rom● which we exercise much on Holidayes as they did not without slander of our Religion and hurt and damage of chastity As for Masks they be so devillish that no honesty can be pretended to colour them Zacharias Bishop of Rome made a decree against it but that availeth nothing At the Kalends of May the Youth as well men as women are wont to go a Maying in the fields and bring home boughs and flowers to garnish their houses and gates and in some places the Churches which fashion is derived of the Romans that use the same to honour their Goddess Flora with such Ceremonies whom they named Goddess of fruits The Christmas Lords rhat be commonly made at the Nativity of the Lord to whom all the houshold and family with the Master himself must be obedient began of the equality that the servants had with their Masters in Saturnus Feasts that were called Saturnalia wherein the Servants have like Authority with their Masters during the time of the said feasts And this furnishing of our bellies with delicates that we use on Fastingham Tuesday what time some eat till they be enforced to forbear all again sprung of Baccbus feasts that were celebrated in Rome with great joy and delicious fare And our Midsummer bone-fires may seem to have come of the Sacrifices of Cer●s Goddess of Corn that men did solemnise with fires trusting thereby to have more plenty and abundance of Corn. Disguising and Mumming that is used in Christmas time in the North parts came out of the Feast of Pallas that were done with Vizors and painted Visages named Quinquatria of the Romans CHAP. III. The manner of anointing Priests Kings them that be Christned confirmed of sore sick WHen Moses had builded the Tabernacle he was commanded to make a confection of holy Ointment wherewith both the Work the Vessels Priests and also Kings which be called to that office or dignity ought to be anointed so that it came to passe that the anointing was the very token and difference whereby Kings were known among the Hebrews as the Emperours in Rome were known by their Purple Roabs Aaron and his Sons were the first anointed Priests and Samuel anointed Saul first King over Israel and so consequently it grew into a custome that Priests and Kings were anointed By which thing is signified that they be specially favoured of God and like as Oyl lyeth aloft on the water or other Liquor so the office of a Priest and dignity of a Prince surmounteth all other degrees of Ministers both in the active and also contemplative life Silvester Bishop of Rome ordained first that all that were Christned Churches and Chalices should be annointed with Oyl Our oyl that is now used is made of Oyl Olive and natural Balm Fabianus commanded that it should be renewed every Munday and Thursday Clement the first ordained that all Children and other that were Christned should be anointed again with Crisme and he instituted also the Sacrament of Confirmation supposing that no man were a perfect Christian if that Rite and Ceremony were by negligence omitted For this cause that the Holy Ghost might more plentifully be given to them by the hands of the Bishop This thing began of the example of the Apostles which sent Peter and John into Samaria to lay their hands on them that they might receive the Holy Ghost It is onely ministred by a Bishop in this wise first he asketh the name of the child and then maketh the sign of the Crosse in the forehead with the Chrisme saying I sign thee with the token of the Crosse and confirm thee with the Crisme of Salvation In the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost that thou may be reple●ished with the Holy Spirit and have everlasting life So 〈◊〉 And then he smiteth the cheek of 〈◊〉 Child softly but if he be of a great age he giveth a sharp stroke that he may remember that mystery saying Peace 〈◊〉 with thee Felix the fourth did institute That such as were in extreams should be anointed following the example of the Apostles which as Mark wi●nesseth cured many diseases by anointing them and S. James speaketh of a like thing in his Epistle CHAP. IV. The beginning of Marriage of Priests when it was forbidden with other Laws touching Marriage MOses the Minister of God among the Israelites which were desirous to augment and amplifie their issue ordained that all men indifferen●ly as well Priests as Lay-people should take wives lest the debarring them from matrimony might be occasion of greater enormity and inconvenience among them Albeit because of the dignity of the ordet of Priesthood he made restraint that they should marry none that was taken prisoner bond-woman or divorced from their former husband and the Bishops might not be married but to Maids As concerning our Priesthood Sylvester the first after the Text of S. Paul commanded that a Priest should marry but one wife and after to live sole alone as Paul had a wife as may appear in his Epistles to the Philipians and Corinthians And Clement Bishop of Alexandria and Ignatius which was in Paul's time witnesse the same Peter and Philip had wifes and daughters whom they bestowed honestly in marriage to husbands And S. Peter seeing his Wife led to death for the profession of Christ with great joy of her constancy said Wife remember the Lord. This order the Greeks and all the East parts of Christendome do use which would not consent to the Councel of Neece wherein it was propounded That the Priests should forsake their Wives and namely Paphnutius the holy and chaste Bishop that came out of the borders of Egypt withstood that Decree very earnestly Stiricius the first forbade the Priests of the West parties and Deacons to marry the year of our Lord 337. He instituted also That he that either wedded a Widow or took a second wife could not be made Priest Pelagius the second enforced the Sub-deacons to forsake their wifes And Gregorius because he thought it violent to divorce them ordained That from his time none should be Sub-deacon unlesse he vowed Chastity before Notwithstanding the Lawes before made took no effect among the Priests of the West parts untill the time of Gregory the seventh which was the year of our Lord 1074. And here Polidore protesteth That the single life of Priests doth more harm to the Religion shame to the Order and grief to honest men then their constrained chastity profieth If they were restored to the liberty and choice it were no prejudice to the Christian Common-wealth and honesty for the Order In the beginning men married their sisters and kinswomen but Moses restrained them of the Hebrews from the first and second degrees and Fabianus forbade the third and fourth which Custome standeth now in effect Theodorus did inhibit first That a

man might not marry that Maid to whom his father was a God-father It was confirmed first by Gregory and after by Alexander the third That no man should marry his brother's wife lest it should be thought to be a counterfeit of the Hebrews Lanuch was the first that ever had two wives whose example many others ensued afterwards The custome of purifying of women was taken of the Hebrews but there is no day or time appointed for it Nevertheless for an honest order they use commonly not to be purified before the moneth day and then with a few honest Matrons she cometh accompanied to the Church and offereth a wax Taper and the Chrisome CHAP. V. Of the Temples Church-yards when the Crosse was first had in reverence IN the Old Testament Moses set up a Tabernacle curiously edified to God wherein Supplication and Intercession was made to him for the 〈◊〉 of the people And in that he made the Ark of Covenant in the which he put the two Tables of stone containing the Law of the Ten Commandements Aaron's rod and the pot of Manna After him Solomon King of the Hebrews made at Hierusalem ● Temple of costly array and sumptuously wrought I cannot to say truth perfectly tell where the first Church of Christians was builded but by all conjecture it seemeth that it was made of the Apostles either in Ethiopia where Matthew preached or in Lower India where Bartholomew taught or in Scythia where Andrew shewed the Word of God Where they doubtlesse either cause new Churches to be edified or else transposed the Idol's Temples to serve the Christians use abolishing Superstition and planting the true Religion of Christ Albeit it were not against reason to suppose there was a Temple or house of prayer appointed by James at Jerusalem In Rome the first that I read of was consecrated by Pius Bishop of Rome in the street called Patricius at Novatus Baths in honour of the Virgin Prudentia at the request and suit of Praredis her sister And after Calistus made a Temple to the Virgin Mary in a place beyond Tiberis and instituted a Church-yard in Apius's street and called it after his own name But Abraham was the first that made any place of burial in Hebron where he bought of Ephron an Hittite the double Cave for 300 shekels of silver with the the ground about it and there was Sarah his wife and he himself buried Noah builded the first Altar and offered upon it a burned Sacrifice to the Lord. And Bonifacius the third caused that they were covered with linnen cloaths Constantinus when he had won the battail against Maxentius by reason of a vision that he saw of the crosse the day of the battle ordained that from thenceforth no man should suffer death on the crosse And so in processe of time it was had in much reverence and worship And Theodosius made a law That there should no Image of the crosse be graven in stone marble or in earth lest men should tread on it Hellen Constantine's Mother a very vertuous woman repaired to Jerusalem to seek the Crosse of our Lord where with great labour and diligence she fouud it and with it the other two whereon the Theeves were hanged but it was ease to perceive Christ's Crosse by the Title which then did remain albeit sore wasted and corrupted with Antiquity CHAP. VI. Of the ancient rite or sacrificing Feast-dayes dedicating Temples the mystery of Fire Holy Water CAin and Abel the two sons of our first Father Adam offered in sacrifice to God the first fruits of their goods Abel his oblation was a Lamb Cain his gift was Corn. Afterward when the Priesthood was ordained Aaron and his sons offered divers things with sundry Ceremonies which he shewed at large in the book of Leviticus The Gentiles almost all sacrificed to the Idols men or women after sundry rites as appeareth in the Histories of Gentile-Authors And if it fortuned that they omitted any such abominable idolatry they had great punishment destruction of their fruit corruption of their water infection of the Ayr death of Cattel great droughts women had evil deliverance with many such plagues as Dionysius Halicarnasseus witnesseth which the spirits of the ayr procured to delude and seduce men and confirm them in their errour The holy-dayes among the Jews were divers as the Sabbath-day the Feast of the new Moon the Passeover the Feast of unleavened bread Pentecost the Feast of Tabernacles the Dedication day which be all shewed largely in the Old Testament The use of dedicating Churches is of great antiquity for Moses did sanctifie the Tabernacle and Solomon consecrated the Temple that he builded at Jerusalem And Esdras after when they returned from the Captivity of Babylon hallowed the Temple new again Of them we receive our Rite of hallowing of Churches albeit we have more ceremonies then they had Fire was kept continually on the Altar by the Priests for without it and salt could no sacrifice be duly made or ordinarily offered and we in our Masses have ever a Taper of Wax burning And the Emperours of Rome had Fire born before them and the Vestals had ever perpetual Fire in the Temple where they served Vesta The spirits of the ayr that gave doubtfull answers to them that enquired any question of them were at the coming of Christ all destroyed For when he was carried into Egypt which is a Country full of superstition and Idolatry all the Idols of that Region were overthrown and fell to the ground at his coming thither And in the time of Adrian the Emperour both the wicked sacrifices were abolished and also the Oracles of Apollo at Delphos Jupiter-Hammon in Egypt with like vanities were subverted by the power of God through his Son Jesus Christ Holy Water was ordained by Alexander the first to be consecrated to drive away Spirits and was commanded that it should be kept as well in Churches as in private houses for the same use whereof are grown among the common people many superstitious errours contrary to the Word of God CHAP. VII Who ordayned Praying Why we look Eastward Ministring the Sacrament of the Altar FOrasmuch as we are created of God after his own Image for the intent to honour and serve him and so finally to enjoy the eternal inheritance of Heaven which we must attain to by Prayer acknowledging our own infirmities and referring us to the mercy of our most loving Father It shall therefore be convenient to declare the institution of Prayer Prayer therefore was from the beginning as Abel prayed Noah Abraham Isaac Jacob with other Patriarks prayed to God in all their doubtfull affairs and gave thanks for the good atchieving of them Moses and Aaron with other as Anna the wife of Helcanah shewed us an example of Prayer But Christ is the first that did shew us any special form of Prayer as appeareth in the Gospell of Matthew

Bishops dayes Sanctius a King ordained the Faction of Calatranean Knights which professed the rule of the Cistercienses Of the same profession be they of the Order of Jesus Christs Knights which were instituted by John the 22th Bishop of that name in Portugall to resist the Saracens Alexandrians brotherhood of Knights in the Realm of Castile that began in Gregory the ninths time about the year of our Salvation 1240 but who was Author of them is uncertain James King of Arragon did found two sects of Knights one named of S. Mary de Mercede the office of those was to ransome such as were taken Prisoners in wars by the Turks the other Sect is called Montastan Knights and they wear a Red Cross Both these Orders Gregory the 11th did allow in the year of our Lord 1000. The Order of Minimes or least-brethren were founded by one Franciscus Poula a Sicilian after the example of Frauncis his Minorites The Apostolike brethren began in the year of our Lord 1260. by the institution of Gerardus Sagarelus in the Town named Perma in Lombardy in the time of Alexander the fourth The white sect sprung up in the Alps and descended into Italy having a Priest for their Captain But Bonifacius perceiving they should do no good to his honourable estate if they continued caused their Captain to be beheaded at Viterbium as attainted of some Heresy the year of our Lord 1400. They were a great number and did no other thing but lament the state of Mankind and bewail the sins of the people There was of this fashion both men and Women and were called the white sect because they ware white cloathing CHAP. VI. The Ninivites Assyrians Antonians and Ceremonies NO lesse superstition is in the fraternity of the Ninivites although they avant themselves to have received the●● manner of living from the Apostles for the end of their doings is to work their own Salvation by deeds satisfactory to God where in deed they derogate the effect and power of Christs bloud The Rites be specified with outward holiness as often assembling to prayer hyring of Chauntry priests supporting poverty and be cloathed in sackcloath and scourge one another with whips Of this painted pennance they call themselves Ninevites as though they appeased Gods wrath in the same wise as they of Nineveh did where in deed they had hearty contrition for their offences these have but pretensed holiness and penitence They began under Clement the third the year of our Lord one thousand 285. The manner of their whipping came of the Romane sacrifices and Lupercalia whereof I spake before for they used the same custome of a superstitious opinion or if a man would be curious in bolting out of the original of their beating it may appear to have proceeded of an observance of the Egyptians For the usage was there that whilest they offered a Cow with many Ceremonies to their great Idol as Herodotus witnesseth during the burning thereof they should beat one another miserably with wands or rods The title of their fraternity came of the Romans which had divers fellowships as Sodales Titii and Fratres Arvales that sacrificed to Ceres goddess of Corn. Another sort there is not onely idle but also theevish and they be called Assyrians the same that we name commonly Egyptians These as all men have heard and many have by experience proved be so light fingered that they will find two things before they lose one The men by such pilfery theft and plain stealing and Women by Palmestry blessings with like other sorcery and witchcraft furnished with lyes seduce and deceive a great number of simple people in every Countrey and Region And because they should have more liberty to speed their purposes they say It is their vow and penance is given them to go in continual pilgrimage The occasion that these vagabonds stray thus abroad came of an old Idol that they worshipped in their Paganism named the Goddess of Syria wherewith they used to gad from place to place to beg money wine milk cheese corn and other stuff as Apuleius writeth The same people now they be christened play their parts in like manner with sundry subtilties and what they get by lying picking stealing bribing they make money of and so return home laughing to scorn all those simple persons that they have thus deceived Seeing all other superstitions be abolished and rooted up it is pity that this should take still effect and be unpunished The Antonians were a counterf●i● of Anthony's perfection but they differ as much from his holiness as white f●om black they have a T. on their breast that meaneth Tolle teaching them to take what they can get be it Cow Ox Calf or Pigg for they offer Swine to him as they did sacrifice sheep to Bell in Babylon they were instituted in the year of Christ 324. The Ceretanes began in Ceretum a City of Vmbria and they ever used to go a begging at the latter end of Harvest when the Barns were stuff'd with corn and so like drones devour that which other have gotten with the sweat of their browes Of these valiant beggers there be in every place a great many but I cannot tell what time they were instituted and how soon they be put down it skilleth not CHAP. VII The originall of Mahomet's Sect. OF all these superstitious Sects before rehearsed there is not one so diabolical as the Sect of Mahometans as well for the filthiness of all unlawfull lusts as other outragious naughtinesse that they occupied daily to the great endamaging of Christendome and encrease of their own infidelity Of this unreverent religion Mahomet a Noble-man born in Arabia or as some report in Persia was authour his father was an Heathen Idolater and his Mother an Ismaelite wherefore she had more perceivance of the Hebrewes law This wicked plant brought up and fostered under his Parents and instructed like a mungrell in either of their lawes became expert and of a ready wit And after the death of his father and mother he was in houshold with one Abdemonaples an Ismaelite which put him in trust with his merchandise and other affairs and after his decease he married his Mistress a Widow There he fell in acquaintance with the Monk Sergius an heretick of Nestorius's sect that fled from Byzance into Arabia and by his counsell and advice this Mahomet about the year of our Lord five hundred and twenty and the twelfth year of the reign of the Emperour Heraclius began in Arabia to found a new sect and by seditious Sermons seduced much and many Countries He conquered by help of the Arabians divers Lands and subdued them as Tributaries and compelled them to live after the tradition of his laws that he gathered out of the New and Old Testaments and divers heresies of Nicolaites Manichees and Sabellians He dyed the 40th year of his age and his body was carried