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A65095 A pleasant and compendious history of the first inventers and instituters of the most famous arts, misteries, laws, customs and manners in the whole world together with many other rarities and remarkable things rarely known, and never before made publick : to which is added, several curious inventions, peculierly attributed to England & English-men, the whole work alphabetically digested and very helpful to the readers of history.; De rerum inventoribus. English Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581. 1686 (1686) Wing V598; ESTC R21854 60,337 192

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endeavours Pliny says that Cadmus Milesius first writ Histories amongst the Grecians which contain the Actions of Cyrus King of Persia Albeit Josephus supposeth it to be probable that Histories were begun by the old writers of the Hebrews as in the time of Moses who wrote the Lives of many of the most ancient Hebrews and the Creation of the World or else to the Priests of Aegypt and Babylon For the Aegyptians and Babylonians have been reputed of a long continuance the most diligent writers in so much that their Priests were appointed for that purpose to preserve things that were worthy to be had in memory Hunting and Fishing the Phenecians first found out Warrens and Parks were made first by Fulvius Hirpinus and now they are every where in use I am sure too much in England to the so great damage of Pastures that might Feed other Cattle more benificial to the Common-wealth I IRON and BRAS as Strabo writes a certain People named Thelchines first wrought on The Smiths Forge some think the Calybians found and some suppose they were the Cyclops Vulcans Smugs which first used the Smiths craft Diodorus is of opinion that the Iclei Dactyli and Vulcan were the first inventers of Iron and of all Mettalls that are wrought with the Fire Sothering of Iron Glancus found But as I take it that all these before named sound the use of such things in their own Countries For t is not to be questioned but that the use of all such Mettalls was perceived in the beginning of the World by Tubal-cain which was Son to Lamech expert and exercised in the Smiths craft Clement referreth the tempering of Iron to Delas The institution of the Anointing of Kings and Priests was to signify that they were especially favoured of God and like as Oyl lyeth aloft in the Water or other Liquor so the Office of a Priest and Dignity of a Prince surmounts all other degrees of Ministers both in the active and also contemplative life When Moses had builded the Tabernacle he was commanded to make a confection of holy Oyntment wherewith both the work and vessels of Priests and also of Kings which were called to that Office or Dignity ought to be Anointed so that it came to pass that the Anointing was the very token and difference whereby Kings were known amongst the Hebrews as the Emperours in Rome were known by their Purple Robes Aaron and his Sons were the first Anointed Priests and Samuel Anointed Saul first King over Israel and so consequently it grew into a custome that Priests and Kings were Anointed L THe Law is a constant and perpetual good thing without which no House no Citty no Countrey no Estates of Men no Natural Creature nor the World it self can consist firm and stable For it obeyeth God and all other things Aire Water Land and Men are in obedience to it Chrysippus calleth it a knowledge of all Divine and Humane Affairs commanding equity and expulsing wickedness and wrong There are of Laws three kinds one Natural that is not only appropriated to man but also it concerneth all other living things either in the Earth Sea or Aire as we perceive in all kinds of living Creatures naturally a certain familiarity of Male and Female procreation of Kind and a proclinity to nourish the same the which proceedeth from a Natural Law engrafted in them Nature her self that is God was the Author of this The second is Named the Law which all men use generally throughout the World as to shew a man the way to communicate to men the commodity of the Elements Water and Aire to this kind appertaineth the Law of Armes and it is called in Latine Ius Gentium-Civil Law is of every Country or Citty as of the Romans Lacedemonians Athenians c. This consisteth in decrees of Princes Statutes and Proclamations The chief and principal Laws were promulgate by God confirmed after the most pure and perfect manner stable constant and subject to no transmutation After the example of these Man hath invented Laws to defend and preserve good men and to punish and keep wicked Persons in good Order Such Laws Ceres made first as Diodonus writes but others suppose it to be Rhadamantus and afterwards others in divers Countreys devised and ordained Laws as in Athens Draco and Solon in Aegypt Mercury in Creet Minos in Lacedemonia curgus in Tyre Tharandus in Argos Phoroneus in Rome Romulus in Iltaly Pythagoras or after the mind of Dionisius the Arcadians that were under Evander as their Soveraign Lord and chief Captain Notwithstanding the very true Author of Laws is God which as hath been said first planted in us the Law of Nature and when it was corrupted by Adam and his posterity he gave the Written Law by Moses to reduce us again to our first state and true instinct of Nature which was before all other as Eusebius declaireth Lotts the casting of them Numerius Suffusius devised first at Preneste Looking-Glasses of Silver were invented by Praxiteles in the time of Pompey the Great there were also invented Looking-Glasses of Steel Lead Christal-Glass which one Sydon is reported to have been the first inventer of Glass was found out in Phenicia being ingendered in the River which is called Belus and it happened on this occasion A Merchants Ship being fraighted with Salt-peter came to that place and as they were prepairing their Meat on the Sands they could not find Stones to bear up their Vessels so that they were fain to lay great pieces of Nitre under them which being set on Fire and mingling with the Sand there appeared great flakes of melted Glass Lamps and Hanging Lights began of the Candles that Moses set up to burn in the Tabernacle Laws of Mourning of Obit's Funeral Exequies that are performed over dead Bodyes were the institution of Polugius although Isidore ascribeth the Original of it to the Apostles and he himself did augment the Rites that we use at this time Ambrose supposeth that Mourning proceeded from the Custom of the Hebrews which Lamented Jacob Forty days and Moses the space of Thirty days for that time was but counted sufficient for the Wife to weep in It was also the custom of the antient Romans to mourn For Numa Pompilius assigned Oblations to the Infernal Gods for the dead and did inhibite that a Child under the age of three years should be bewailed and that the elder sort should be mourned no more months then he had lived if any were married within that space again it was counted for a great reproach Wherefore Numa ordained that such as left of Mourning before the day limited should offer a Cow that was great with calf for expiation If that Rite were used now adayes and namely in England we should have small store of Veals there be so many that Marry within the space of time prescribed Plutarch writeth that the Women in their Mourning laid aside all Purple Gold and Sumptuous or rich Apparral and were cloathed
builded the first Temple to the worship of Jupiter Feretrius To Almighty God Solomon the King of the Hebrews builded the first Temple 3102 years after the Creation of Adam in Jerusalem Amongst other Temples that of Ephesus built in a noble City so called was very famous It was in the Countrey of Jonia it was built in the 32d year of the Reign of King David by Androchus the Son of Codrus King of Athens The Amazons and most part of Asia did contribute to the Erection of it in honour of Diana the like whereof was not in all the World and therefore it was accounted amongst the seven wonders of the World it was building 215 years It was placed in a Miry ground for the better avoiding of Earth-quakes There were 127 Pillars in it made of their Kings one by one which were in height 60 Foot whereof 36 were caried with most admirable workmanship The length of the whole Church was 425 Foot and the breadth 220. All that took this Church for Sanctuary had great immunities and priviledges there were also so many Gifts and Monuments given to this Church from all Natians and Cityes that none in all the World might be compared to it for Wealth St. Paul Preached at Epesus three years and Converted many to the Faith St. John also the Evangelist dyed in this City But this sumptious building was destroyed and set on fire in the Reign of Galienus the Emperour by one Erostratus who having performed many noble Exploits in War and otherwise when that he perceived himself to have been deprived both of reward and fame to leave a continual remembrance of his Name for one flagitious and horrible Act did with great fires and monsterous flames consume this faire Church and reduced it to Ashes thinking thereby as hath been said to have been remembred to perpetuity but he was mistaken for there were general Edicts and Proclamations made that no man should presume upon Pain of Death so much as to put his Name in any Writing or Chronicle to the intent that he might have been Buried with an everlasting Oblivion Triumphs the first of them was entered by Dionysius when he was replenished with the spoils of many Countreys afterwards they were received of sundry Nations as the Captains of Carthage upon their great successes Triumphed Romulus after he had conquered Acron King of Ciniveus was Crowned with Lawrell and carried in a Charriot with four Horses entered into the City of Rome Triumphantly and dedicated his prey and spoyls to Jupiter as Dionysius writes Although Eutropius saith that Tarquinius Priscus first Triumphed after his conquest of the Sabines Camillus was led in a solemn Triumph with white Horses in a Gilded Charriot his Browes incircled with a Garland of Gold all the Captains following the Charriot with Chains and Fetters about their Necks and the Senate going before into the Capitoll of Jupiters Temple where they offered a white Bull and then returned It was Lawful for none to Triumph but such as were Dictator Consul or Pretor Although Cneus Pompeius as Cicero writes Triumphed though he was but of the Order of Knights Truce which was called a covenant of Peace for a Season was instituted by Lycaon it was made sometimes for years as the Romans made a Truce with the Veientes for Forty years with the Cerites for a hundred sometimes a Truce was made for hours as Caius Pontius a Samnite required of the Dictator of Rome a Truce for six hours Leagues of Peeace Theseus is said to have ordained in Greece Diodorus assigns them to Mercury but the truth is they were in frequent use long before that time in Assyria and Aegypt and namely amongst the Hebrews for Jacob made a League with Laban and Moses offered conditions of Peace to the Princes of the Countries by whom he passed and after him Joshua confirmed a Bond of Peace with the Gibeonites The ceremonies and manner of the making and confirmation of the Leagues of sundry Nations were diversifyed according to their several customes Tragedies and Commedies had their beginning of the oblations as Diodorus writes which in old time men devoutly offered for their fruits to Bacchus For as the Altars were kindled with fire and the Goat laid on it the Quire in honour of Bacchus sung this Meter called a Tragedy it was named so either because a Goat which in Greek is called Tragos was the reward appointed for him that was Author of the Song or because a Goat is so noysome and hurtful to the Vines whereof Bacchus was the first inventer which Sacrificed to Liber or of the Grounds or Dregs which in Greek is called Tryx with which the Stage-Players used to Paint their Faces before that Aeschylus devised Visards But the first inventer of them after the mind of Horace was Thespis-Quintilian saith that Aescylus set forth the first publick Tragedies though he acknowledges that Sophocles and Euripidus did adorn and furnish them more gallantly In Rome Livius Andronicus made the first Tragedy wherein Accius Paccunius and Seneca excelled The Comedies began at what time the Athenians being not yet assembled into the City the Youth of that Contrey used to Sing solemn Verses at Feasts abroad in the Villages and High-wayes for to get Money They were so named of the Greek word Comos for a Banqueting or Come a Street and Ode a Song yet it is uncertain amongst the Grecians who invented them first In this kind of Writing Aristophanus Eupolis and Cratinus were the most eminent in a Tragedy Noble Persons as Emperours Kings Princes Dukes Lords c. are brought in with a high Style In a Comedy Amorous dalliances Love affaires Diversitie several Tunes Cheats c. are most concerned V VERMILION or Red-Lead was first found in Ephesus by Gallus an Athenian This colour was in Rome esteemed for Holy insomuch that on their Feastival dayes they Painted the Face of Jupiters Image with it and the Bodies of them that Triumphed Uows the custome of making of them was borrowed from the Hebrews which used to make Vows to God and divers other Countreys of the Gentles more blindly used to make such Vows to their false Gods Uoyces which were used to be given in great consultations Judgments and Elections were first ordained by Palamedes W WRITING after the manner of the Aegyptians was instead of Letters by Herogliphicks to make use of the Images of Beasts Birds c declaring their minds by the shapes and figures of them As by the Bee they signified a King Ruling his Commons and Subjects with great moderation and gentleness by the Goshauk they meant a speedy performance of their affaires and so for other things Watches and Wardings were first appointed by Palamedes Watch-words were first used in the Battell of Troy at the same time when Simon found out Beacons and Fires Wine which proceeds from the Vine Diodorus writes that Dionysius did first perceive the nature of it and taught the Grecians to Plant it and to