Johis Baptistae ad Iusticiam de ipsis faciendam Quia mandat est Iustic illis quod una cum t is ad hoc intendant Also Rex pardonavit Tho. de Pulton 8 lib. quas idem T. debet Mosseo Crespin Iudeo una cum omnibus usuris quae inde proveniant postquam eas ab eodem Iudaeo mutuaverat Et mandat est Baron de Scac. quod ipsum inde quietum esse et cartam suam pro praedicto debito impignoratam eidem Iudeo deliberari fac Et mandatum est Edwardo fil Odonis quod totam pecuniam suam quam rex eidem Tho. donat pro domibus suis occasione praedict debiti arrestatam ei deliberantur The King this year imposed a Tax of sixty thousand marks upon the Jews as appears by these seisures of their debts towards the payment thereof Mandat est Ed. fil Odonis c. quod solvat ad Scac. Regis 23 l. 5 s. 8 d. quas Tho. de Pulton debet Mossâ—o Crespin Iudeo in parte solutionis debitorum quae idem Iudeus reddere tenebatnr ad Pasche proximo preterit de portione tallag 60 mil. marc eundem Jud. contingent T. R. apud Wind. 4 die Iunii It seems part of this Tax or another was payable the next year by this Mandate Mandatum est Iusticiar ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod non distringant aut distringi permittant Aaron fil Abraham de tallagio 10 millium marc de termino sancti Michis An. r. n. 31 nisi pro 53 marc et dimid ipsi inde de eodem termino contingent T. R. apud Winds 23. die Augusti These tallages were usually imposed on the Jews in their absence being not privy thereto unlesse specially admitted as appears by this Record concerning the Iews of Canterbury who gave the King half a mark of gold that one of them might be present at the imposing of the next tax Quia Iudei Cantuarii dederunt dimid marc auri quam Regi prae manibus reddiderunt pro eo quod concederet eis quod unus Iudeus ejusdem villae Cantuar. intersit tallagio assidendo quod assideri debet apud Northamp Mandatum est Iusticiaris ad custod Iudeorum assignatis quod unam ex ipsis ad hoc eligi et dicto tallagio assidendo interesse faciant T. R. apud Feversham 20 die April Amongst the records in the Treasury of Receipts in the Exchequer I find this Inter Placita et Assis capt apud Northampton in crast Nativ Sancti Iohan. Baptistae Anno Regis Henrici c. 23. coram Rogero de Thâ—rkelby et sociis suis rot 38. Ivo fil Abraham de Stanford Iudeu rectatus de retonsura denariorum venit et dat Domino Regi 20s quod possit esse sub placito respondend ad preceptum Dom. Regis Plâ—gii sui Solomon fil Sancho fil Isaac Benioy fil Aaron de Stanford Whether he were condemned or acquitted for this his clipping of money for which he was then bailed I find not on Record In the 32 year of Henry the 3. I meet with these Records concerning the Jews Rex mandavit Justic ad custodiam Judaeorum assign quod non distringant vel distringi permittant Aaron fil Abrahami de Tallagio 60 millium marc pro duobus milibus marc de termino sancti Michis anno 32. nisi pro quinquaginta et tribus marcis et dimid ipsum inde de eodem termino contingentibus sicut ipse talliatus fuit ad pasch proximo preteritum Et si sorte ipsum ad plus talliaverint illud relaxari et super communitatem Judeorum assidi faciant Teste Rege apud Farendon 29 die Augugusti By which it appears the Jews were taxed at sixty thousand marks in this one year A vast sum in those dayes The same year the King grants respestum de quibuslibet veteribus debitis Iudei c. Particularly Rex dedit respectum Aaron Judeo Ebor. de centum libris quas Regi solvisse debuit ad scac Pasch anno regni Regis 32. usque ad quindenam paschae sancti Iohannis Baptistae anno eodem et mandatum est Baronibus de Scaccario quod respectum illum ei habere faciant T. R. apud Rading 17 die Maii. There is this record this year concerning the Jews of Canterbury Iudei Cantebr liberaverunt in Garderoba regis apud sanctum Edmundum die Lunae prox post cineres quinque Marc. de quibus praedicti Judei promiserunt regi respiciendas in adventu regis apud Cantebr Et mandat est Justic ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod pro predictis quinque marc ipsos Judeos non distringant Teste Rege apud Windesor primo die Maii. Mandar est c. quod distringi faciant terras quae fuerunt Mathei Peverel c. for a debt due to a Jew and to others to answer a debt to Aaron the Jew In the 33 of H. 3. I find these records concerning the Jews An Extent of Robert de Muntenay in Littlebar of a Jews land per Sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum extendi fac c. The King himself in that age appointed the Jews Bayliffs in the Eschequer as is evident by this record Mandatum est Justic ad custodiam Judeorum assign quod non permittant quod aliquis Judeus habeat aliquam Ballivam ad Scacc. Judeorum praeter Jacobum Episcopum Abrah fil Vines et Jacob fil Flurye et si Elyas Episcopus qui prius fuit ad dictum Scac. resideat ad idem Scac. per preceptum Regis tunc Rex vult quod recipiant Aaron fil Abraham tanquam socium suum T. R. apud Westm xi die Julii anno c. The King then likewise appointed the Clerks of the Jews Exchequer and the Cirographers of their publick Chests as this record doth manifest Rex vult quod Abraham fil Vines sit clericus Regis in Scac. suo Iudeorum et quod sit Cyrograph Archae Regis Cyrograforum Iudaeorum apud London loco Abrahamae fil Muriell Et ideo mandatum est Justic. ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod acceptis ab eodem Abrahamo fil Vines sufficientibus plegiis de fidelitate ipsum ad praemissa Officia admittant et clavem Archae Cirographorum quam Abraham fil Muriel habet eidem liberari faciant T. R. apud Westm xxix die Junii Rex vult quod Aaron fil Abraham Iudeus London resideat ad Scaccarium Regis Iudeorum tanquam Vines c. ut supra T. R. apud Winton 26 die Maii. The same year I find an Extent of John of Coniz of Brewineston his Land for a Debt to a Jew per sacram proborum et legalium hominum extendi fac c. T. R. apud VVestm 9 die Maii. The same year Aaron of Yorke agreed again with the King to pay a certain Tax to him yearly expressed in this Patent Rex omnibus
Vicecomiti mandatur tam Litera Latina quam Hebraica quod nullus Judeus vel Judea aliquod Debitum exiget de predicto Rogero c. Eodem modo praeceptum fuit Constabulario Castri Norwic. and others by writs both in Latin and Hebrew and the certificate returned upon these writs was made both in Latine and Hebrew The usual form in that age in such cases In like manner Praeceptum fuit Constabulario Turris London quod clamari faciat per Scolas Judaeorum London per duo vel tria Sabbata si aliquis Iudeus vel Iudea aliquod Debitum exigere poterit c. that then they should come in ad computandum c. and the returns of them are in Hebrew and Latin In the same Roll there is a recital of a Charter made by the King dilecto fratri et fideli nostro Willielmo de Valence et haeredibus vel assignatis of an Annuity of 50 marks yearly wherein Peter Fitz Matthew was bound to Aaron ben Abraham a Iew of London usque in finem saeculi the usual form of the Iews charters in cases of fee simple which Annuity the Iew had given to the King In the end of the Charter the King warrants the gift Secundam Assisam Iudaismi In the dorse of the same Roll there is a Confirmation by the King of an Assignment of Annuities Debts to William Charls by Sampson Son of le Mestre a Jew and a VVrit Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis to inroll the Patent dated ad Clarendon with divers other writs of that nature In the 8 Roll * of the Pleas that year there is this writ to the Sheriff Henricus Dei gratia c. Vicecomiti Essex salutem Constat Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis per inspectionem Rotulorum de Scaccario nostro scilicet quod Aaron filius Duessad vendidit et demisit dilecto et fideli nostro G. de Clare Com. Glouc. et Hereford unum debitum de 20 l. de feodo sub nomine Willielmi de Bernham et Magistri Elye Iudei together with other Debts c. Et quod praedictus Aaron habuit seisinam per praeceptum nostrum de terris tenementis quae fuerunt praedictorum VVillielmi et Roberti another of the Debtors in Borham pro debitis praedictis quam quidam seisinam praefatus Comes habuit per praeceptum nostrum occasione venditionis praedictae de terris et tenementis praedictis Ac postmodum Iohanna quae fuit uxor Will. de Berneham et Iohannes Anger in Curia nostra coram Nobis recuperaverunt seisinam de praedictis terris tenementis per Judicium Curiae nostrae praedictae Et quia eadem seisina sic prefatis Iohannae et Iohanni adjudicata c. nihil debet praejudicare predicto Comiti quin secundum Assisam et Consuetudinem Judaismi nostri habeat talem seisinam de terris et tenetis praedictis qualem prius habuit occasione dictorum debitorum ut predictum est Tibi praecipimus quod seisinam quam praefatus Comes prius habuit de terris et tenementis predictis eidem rehabere facias c. In the same Roll there is this Inquisition made upon the Murder of a Jew slain at Oxford Praeceptum fuit Constabulario Castri Oxoniae et Cyrographo Christiano et Judeo Archae Cyrograph ejusdem quod per Sacramentum 12 Iudeorum inquirant quae bona et catalla Iacobus Baseni de Oxon Judeus Oxon interfectus habuit die quo interfectus fuit Eodem modo preceptum est Ballivis Oxon quod per Sacramentum 12 Christianorum inquirant quae catalla dictus Iacobus habuit die quo interfectus fuit c. Which will well explain the Articles in the ancient Eyres and the manner of Inquiry and proceedings thereon De catallis Iudaeorum occisorum c. In the Plea Rolls of the same year and Term there is this record manifesting that all Debts and Stars of converted Jews belonged to the King Iospin fil Solomon de Merlebridge shews to the Court that Iocette his Sister was married to Salom filius Lumbard of Kirkland Et quod ipsa habuit in Archa Cyrogr. Merlebridge unum Cyrographum de 32 marcis sub nomine suo et Hugonis Lovel Rectoris Ecclesiae de Rudburn that Iocette became a convert Christian and then did Solomon alter the Deed in his own name Quae quidem Carta fuit Domini Regis per conversionem praedictae Jocettae et quod hoc totum sit verum obligat omnia bona c. out of spight to his Sister for that she was turned Christian to make her forfeit this debt Et preceptum est Vicecomiti quod venire faciat praedictum Hugonem et Cyrographum Christianum Archae Cyrographorum Merlebrige et 6. Christianos de Merlebrig c. Et postea ipse Iospinus non est prosecutus Ideo omnia catalla dicti Iospini capiantur in manum Domini Regis prout ipse obligavit c. A just requital of his malice Praeceptum fuit Cyrograph Christianis et Iudaeis Archae Cyrogr. Norwic. quod ad Archam accedant c. and there take out 20 l Debt for Edward the Prince due unto him c. Praeceptum est Cyrograph Christian Judeis Archae Cyrogr. Norwic. quod ad Archam praedictam accedant and there take out all the Charters Pawns and Rolls belonging to Abraham a few of Norwich for the Kings use because he had not paid his Tallage of ten pounds to the King Rot. 10 11 and 12. of the Pleas of Hil. 52 H. 3. consist for the most part of Staâ—rs of the Jews some whereof are assignments of Debts and Sales of Annuities by Jews to Adam de Stratton Simon de Zouch and other Christians ratified by the Kings confirmation Others of them releases of Debts by way of Acquittance These Stars usually began thus Solomon de London Judaeus cegnovit per Starrum suum c. In the 53 year of King Henry the 3. a certain Jew abetted by the other Jews in high contempt of Christ crucified in the solemn Procession at Oxford on Ascention day threw down and brake in peeces the Crosse that was carried before the University in Procession and then fled Wherupon by the Kings special command all the in Oxford were apprehended and their goods secured till they out of their own goods and chattels erected a new standing beautifull high Crosse adorned with guilt Pictures of Christ and our Lady in the place where this wickednesse was perpetrated and made another rich portable silver guilded Crosse to be carried before the University of the Masters and Scholars of Oxford in their Processions which were to be made by a time prefixed for the publike manifestation of the honour of God in this behalf as these Records at large inform us though not mentioned by any of our Historians Rex Vic. Oxon. salutem Cum Judaei nostri Oxon. nobis adhuc
Historians touching the slavish condition and frequent Taxes imposed on the Jews by our Kings 4ly The fuller discovery of the manner of their Contracts Stars Legal Proceedings Judicatories transactions and Government whilst in England wherein our Histories and Lawbooks are very defective 5ly The manifestation of the Machiavillian Policy of King Iohn and Henry the 3d to draw the Jews from forraign parts into England by granting them ample Liberties and Protection on purpose afterwards to ensnare oppress vex squeeze prey upon them and their estates with far greater greedinesse and advantage 6ly To publish to the world the zealous pious care of our Ancestors even in grossest times of Popery to prevent all communion of Christians with and sedâ—ction by the Jews to suppress their blasphemy convert them by compelling them to resort to the Friers Sermons for their edification providing for their converts by sundry Ordinances not mentioned in any printed English Historians but only in the Records here published 7ly To adde a further Barr to their Re-admission into England they having been invited hither if Menasseh Ben-Israel may be credited by divers EMINENT PERSONS excelling both in Piety and Learning as well as power who from the beginning of their Government of this Commonwealth have professed much respect and favor towards them made known unto them some years since that wished for liberty that they now are about to grant them as he in his late Humble Addresses and Declaration to the Commonwealth of England hath published to the world in print being now inquiring after a convenient Summer-house intending to settle himself at least if not his exiled Nation here among us whereas Pierce Gaveston a Forraigner and the two Spencers great Potent Englishmen have heretofore lost their lives and heads for returning into England without the Parliaments and Nobles license though by the Kings own invitation and license when banished thence by Parliament which this Jewish Rabbi and his banished Countrimen may do well advisely to consider for fear of afterclaps The first Records of our former Kings now extant except some few Charters and Exemplifications of them in Leiger-books Records and Histories are those of King Iohn preserved in the Tower of London and Exchequer Amongst the Charter Rolls of this King Iohn I find a special Charter of his in favour of the Jews made in the first year of his reign dated at Rhoan July 31. Anno Dom. 1199. whereby he grants to James of London a Jewish Priest the Priesthood of all the Jews throughout England to have and hold it during his life freely quietly honorably and intirely without molestation trouble or disturbance by any Jew or Englishman in the exercise thereof c. Such a Charter as Menasseh Ben-Israel now aspires after for himself as his Addresses intimate which because I find printed by Mr. Samuel Purchas and Sir Edward Cook and I have already published it verbatim in my Short Demurrer Edit 1. p. 44. and Edit 2. p. 50. 51. I shall here pretermit with this observation that in the close thereof there is mention made of a Charter of King Richard granted to this Jew That he should not be impleaded for any thing appertaining to him but only before the King himself or his chief Justice This is the very first Charter extant on record conning the English Jews What is recorded of them in our Histories before this rime I have elsewhere published at large I find another Charter of Safe-conduct granted by K. John to this Jewish Priest the self-same day and year as the former for his safe and free passage and of all things appertaining to him in all places both on this side and beyond the Sea without any injury molestation impediment or grievance to be done unto him more then to the King himself which being never yet printed I have here transcribed out of the Record it self Johannis Dei gratia c. Omnibus fidelibus suis ad quos Literae praesentes pervenerint tà m ultrà mare quà m citra Mandans vobis praecipiens Quatenus per quascunque Villas loca Jacobus Presbyter Judaeorum dilectus familiaris Noster transierit ipsum salvò liberè cum omnibus ad ipsum pertinentibus transire conduci faciatis nec ipsi aliquod impedimentum molestiam aut gravamen fieri sustineatis plus quam Nobis ipsis Et si quis ei in aliquo forisfacere praesumpserit id ei sine dilatione emendadari faciatis Teste VVillielmo Marisco c. Dat. per manum Hu. Cantuar. Archiepiscopi Cancellarii nostri apud Rothomagum 31. die Julii Anno Regni nostri primo It is observable that both these Charters were made not in England but at Rhoan in Normandy whence King William the Conqueror first transplanted the Jewes into England And that both the Charters to this High Priest os the Iews were granted by the hand of Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury then Chancellor Primate Metropolitan and High Priest of the English Nation whose Successors have justified the Divinity and Lawfulness of their Archiepiscopal Jurisdiction from the Jewish High Priests Office and Pagan Archflamins Sic mulus mulum scalpit Dignum Patello operculum King John having granted such Priviledges and Protection to this Jewish High Priest and Bishop in the first year of his reign proceeded by his and their monies most powerfull mediation to confirm and grant many ample Priviledges and Immunities to all the English and Norman Jews in his 2 year by these two ensuing Charters not formerly printed which I shall here transcribe verbatim as I finde them on Record The first runs thus Johannes Dei gratia c. Sciatis Nos concessisse Omnibus Judaeis Angliae Normanniae libere et honoâ—ifice habere residentiam in terra nostra omnia illa de Nobis tenenda quae tenuerunt de Rege Henrico Avo Patris nostri et omnia illa quae modo rationabiliter tenent in terris et feodis vadiis akatis suis quod habeant omnes libertates consuetudines suas sicut eas habuerunt tempore praedicti Regis H. Avi patris nostri melius quiecius honorabilius Et si querela orta fuerit inter Christianum et Judaeum ille qui alium appellaverit ad querelam suam dirationandam habeat Testes scilicet legittimum Christianum Iudaeum Et si Iudaeus de querela sua Breve habuerit Breve suum erit ei testis Et si Christianus habuerit querelam adversus Iudaeum sit judicata per Pares Judaei Et cum Iudaeus obierit non detineatur corpus suum super terram sed habeant homines sui pecuniam suam debita sua ita quod mihi non disturbetur si habuerit haeredem qui pro ipso respondeat rectum faciat de debitis suis de forisfacto suo Et liceat Judaeis omnia quae eis apportata fuerint sine occasione
accipere emere exceptis illis quae de Ecclesia sunt panno sanguine lento Et si Judaeus ab aliquo appellatus fuerit sine teste de illo appellatu erit quietus solo Sacramento suo super librum suum et de appellatu illarum rerum quae ad Coronam nostram pertinent similiter quietus erit solo Sacramento suo super Rotulum suum Et si inter Christianum Iudaeum fuerit dissentio de accommodatione alicujus pecuniae Judaeus probabit Catallum suum Christianus lucrum Et liceat Judaeo quietè vendere vadium postquam certum erit eum illud unum annum unum diem tenuisse Et Judaei non intrabunt in placitum nisi coram Nobis aut coram illis qui Turres nostras custodierint in quorum Ballivis Iudaei manserint Et ubicunque Iudaei fuerint liceat eis ire ubicunque voluerint cum omnibus catallis eorum sicut res nostrae propriae nulli liceat eos retinere neque hoc eis prohibere Et praecipimus quod ipsi quieti sint per totam Angliam Normanniam de omnibus Consuetudinibus Theoloniis modiatione vini ficut nostrum proprium catallum Et mandamus vobis praecipimus quod eos custodiatis defendatis manu-teneatis et prohibemus ne quis contra Cartam istam de hiis supradictis eos in placitum ponat super forisfacturam nostram Sicut Carta Regis H. patris nostri rationabiliter testatur T. Humf. filio Petri Com. Essex Willielmo de Marescal Com. de Pembr Henr. de Bohun Com de Hereford Robert de Turnham Willielmo Brywer c. Dat. per manum S. Well Archidiac apud Merleberg Decimo die Aprilis Anno regni nostri secundo The second Patent runs in these words Johannes Dei gratia c. Sciatis Nos concessisse praesenti Carta nostra confirmasse Judaeis nostris in Anglia ut excessus qui inter eos emerserint exceptis hiis qui ad Coronam Justitiam nostram pertinent de morte hominis mahemio de assaltu praemeditato de fractura domus et de Raptu et de Latrocino de Combustione de Thesauris inter eos deducantur secundum Legem suam et emendentur Justitiam suam inter se ipsos faciant Concedimus etiam eis quod si quis eorum alium appellaverit de querela quae ad eos pertineat Nos neminem compellemus ad testimonium cuiquam eorum contra alium exhibendum sed si Appellator rationabilem idoneum testem habere poterit eum secum adducat Siquod verò opus sceleratum apertum inter eos emerserit quod ad Coronam nostram vel ad Justitiam pertineat sicut de praedictis Placitis Coronae licet nullus eorum noster appellator fuerit Nos ipsam querelam faciemus per Legales Judaeos nostros Angliae inquiri sicut Carta Regis H. patris nostri rationabiliter testatur Teste G. filio Petri Com. Essex Willielmo Mareschallo Com. de Pembr Hen de Bohun Com. de Hereford Petro de Pratell Roberto de Turnham Willielmo de Waren Hugo de Nevil Roberto de veteri Ponte Dat. per manum S. Well Archidiac apud Merleberg X. die Aprilis Anno Regni nostri secundo Both these Charters were dated at the same place on the self-same day by the self-same hand and subscribed by the same Witnesses for the most part The first of them extends to all the Jews both in England and Normandy the latter to the Jews in England alone The persons subscribing them as witnesses were eminent both for honor and power and it appears by the recitals in the Charters that the Liberties granted and confirmed by them to these Jews were wholly or for the most part such as King Henry the first Grandfather and K. Henry the 2. Father to King John had formerly granted and confirmed to them by their respective Charters And if you compare that Law inserted by Hoveden and others amongst the Confessors and Conquerors Laws De Judaeis in Anglia constitutis You will find it taken almost verbatim out of these Kings Charters in whose times Hoveden writ his Annals and puny to the Confessors and Conquerors Laws in the true Original copyes whereof it is not to be found We need not much wonder that King Iohn did grant such large Liberties and Charters as these recited to the Jewish High Priests and Jews throughout his Dominions since some few years after as Matthew Paris writes he sent special Embassadors to Admirallus the Great Mahometan King of Africk Fesse and Spain profering to surrender up his Crown and Kingdom to him and hold them under him as his Vassal and likewise To reuounce the Christian Religion as vain and faithfully to Adhere to the Mahometan Religion For which he was much scorned and derided by ihis Mahometan Prince as the Dregs both of Kings and Men He will soon turn a compleat Turk who is become half a Jew These Liberties thus ratified by King Iohn drew many Jews into England out of forraign parts with their wealth and treasure according to the old Proverb Fistula dulce canit volucres dum decipit auceps but when these Decoyes had drawne them and their wealth into the Net you may read how he plucked off their feathers and tormented their bodies to gain their monies in our Historians and my first Demurrer Amongst the Records in the Treasury of the Receiver of the Exchequer in the 4th year of King Iohn I find one Bonefand a Jew indicted at Bedford for gelding and cutting off the yard of one Richard whereof upon his trial he was acqitted as the Record it self will more fully manifest in its own dialect Placita capta apud Bedeford a die Sacti Michaelis in 〈◊〉 Septim coram Simon de Pateshall Rich de Faukenbrig Sociis suis Anno Regni Regis Johannis 4to Rot. 5. in dorso Hundr de Clipton Robertus de Sutton appellat Bonefand Judaeum de Bedeford quod ipse in pace Domini Regis nequiter fecit ementulare Ricardum nepotem suum unde ipse obiit Ita quod ipse fecit portare eum usque in terram suam de Hacton quam ipse habet in vadio ibi obiit et hoc offert probare Et tunc Bonefand venit et defendit totum offert Domino Regi 1 marc pro habenda Inquisitione utrum sit inde culpabilis vel non Et Iuratores inquisiti dicunt quod non est culpabilis inde et ideo Bonefand sit quietus Robertus in misericordia pro falso appello And in the Margin of the Roll custodiatur is written This is the first Indictment I find upon record against a Jew Not long after King Iohns Charters confirmed the Jews fell to their usual trade of clipping and washing the current coyn of the Kingdom as is evident by this New Ordinance against this abuse and touching the
two Christians and two Jews c. according to the forementioned Charter of King Iohn Inter Placita apud VVestm Anno x Regis Johannis Termino Hilarii in Octabis Sancti Hilarii Rotulo 9 in dorso Samuel Mucun Muriel Judaea petunt versus Herebertum filium Heb. CCCCl de Catallis de debito Israel per quandam Cartam et producunt duos Christianos duos Judaeos paratos ad hoc probandum prout Curia consideraverit Herebertus dicit quod Carta illa falsa est ideo falsa quia Sigillum illud nunquam suum fuit nec Cartam illam fecit nec pecuniam illam mutuo recepit producit Sigillum suum Eburneum plurimas Cartas Sigillo illo Sigillatas tam de Abaciis quam de confirmatione terrarum And hereupon I find no further proceedings in this Record printed a little out of its due place before these ensuing proceeding it in time could be transcribed It seems every Jew in that age had his proper Seal to Seal Charters Stars and Obligations therewith which yet were good in Law if really sealed by him though with any other Seal than his own In the 5 year of King Iohn the Jews of London being assaulted disturbed and misused by the people against the Kings protection and peace thereupon the King at their request sent this sharp Letter to the Mayor and Barons of London committing the Jews there to their protection and defence and threatning severely to punish and require their blood at their hands if they should suffer any injury through their default Rex c. Majori Bar. London c. Semper dileximus vos multum jura libertates vestras bene observari fecimus unde credimus vos nos specialiter diligere ea quae ad bonorem nostrum pacem tranquilitatem terrae nostrae eduntur libenter velle prestare Verum cum sciatis quod Judaei in speciali nostra protectione sint miramur quod Iudaeis in civitate London morantibus malum fieri sustinetis cum id manifeste sit contra pacem Regni terrae nostrae tranquilitatem Ita quidem magis miramur et movemur quia alii Iudaei per Angliam ubicunque moram fecerunt exceptis illis qui sunt in villa vestra in bona pace consistunt Nunc id tamen diximus pro Iudaeis nostris pro pace nostra quia si â—uidam tantum pacem nostram dedissemus debetur inviolabiter observari De caetero autem Iudaeos in civitate London morantes vestrae committimus custodiae ut si quis eis malum facere attentaverit vos manu forti eis subsidium facientes eos defendatis Vestris enim manibus eorum sanguinem modo requiremus si forte per defectum vestri aliquid mali eis acciderit quod absit Scimus enim bene quod per fatuos Villae et non per discretos hujusmodi eveniunt et debent discreti fatuorum Stultitiam compescere Teste meipso apud Montem fortem 29 die Julii This smart Letter demonstrates the Kings cordial affection to the Jews though more for his own advantage than theirs In the Fine Rolls of the 6 of King Iohn I find this Kecord Galfr. de Salvage dat 10 Mar. ut Willus de Hardreshal acquietet ipsum versus Jacob. Iudaeum Northampton de plegagia debiti unde pleg Willi. fuit versus eundem Iudaeum et unde queritur quod pro defectu ejus distringitur Et mandat est licent quod si ipse Willus non fuerit et ipse Galfr. ips sect c. In the Clause Rolls of the 7 9 years of K. Iohn I find these 3 short records manifesting the Kings power both to remit their usury due upon contracts and to respite their debts themselves Rex Constabulario Wallingford c. Praecipimus tibi quod pacem habere facias Roberto de Maure de usuris debiti Iudaeorum de termino quem monstrare poterit quod fuerit in servicio nostro cum equis et armis ultra mare per praeceptum nostrum Teste meipso apud Wodestoke 25 die Maii per Iusticiarios Rex W. de Warren et sociis suis c. Mandamus vobis quod quietum esse faciatis Abbatem sanct Radegunde de usuris debitorum Iudaeorum de duobus annis proxime praeteritis usque ad instans Pasche anno reg nostri 9. dum fuit in servicio nostro per praeceptum nostrum Et Summoneatis Iudaeos quibus ipse debita debet quod sint coram Iusticiario nostro G. fil Petri eoram nobis a die Pasche in 15 dies ad recipiendum ab eo finem debitis illis Et mandetis Vicâ—quibus necesse fuerit quod nullam interim districtinem faciant eidem Abbati pro debitis illis reddendis T. G. fil Petri apud Suth 25 die Marcii Rex W. de Warren et sociis suis custodibus Iudaeorum c. Mandamus vobis quod quietum esse faciatis Rogerum Wesperill de usuris debitorum quae debet Simoni Iudeo Oxon. ab hoc inst Pasce anno Reg. nostri 9. usque ad Pasche prox sequent et interim ei respectum habere faciatis de praedict debitis T. Aaron Norwic. apud Clarenden 21 die Marcii per eundem By these 3 Presidents it is apparent that the Jews Usury was condemned and no ways favoured by King Iohn and his Justices in that age long before either the Statute of Merton 20 H. 3. c. 5. or De Iudaismo 3 E. 1. c. 1. were enacted and that the King would by no means permit it to run against any whilst actually imployed in his service nor others whom he favoured to whom he released the Usury at his pleasure and his Judges likewise by his command In the Roll of Fines of the 9 year of King Iohn I find these two cases concerning extents of Lands for the debts of Jews in that age Margareta de Lucy dat quinque marcas pro habenda haereditate de Kerchel et de Hammes quam Robertus de Lucy quondam vir ejus invadiavit Iudaeis in vita sua quod Iudaei capiant se a debito quod idem Robertus eis debuit super praedictum vadium ad haeredem ipsâ—us Roberti qui haereditatem suam tenet Et mandatum est Vicecomiti quod accepta ab ea securitate de praedictis 5 marcis faciat ei habere plenariam seisinam de praedicta haereditate sua quae capta fuit in manum Domini Regis occasione praedicta Et mandatum est Iusticiariis Iudaeorum quod de praedicto debito capiant se ad haereditatem praedicti Roberti quam haeres ejus tenet The husband morgaged his wives inheritance to a Jew for a debt and dies for which the wives lands being taken by way of extent into the Kings hands upon the Wives suit and fine of 5 marks her land is discharged the husbands land descended to his heir charged with and extended for
similiter tenementum suum in perpetuum videlicet illud quod tam temere contra praeceptum nostrum obligaverit amittat Teste Rege apud Certes 1 die Sept. The same year Mandatum est Vic. Buck. quod non permittat quod aliquis Judaeus de caetero maneat in villa de VVeycumbe sed Iudaeos qui ibidem sunt manentes sine dilatione amoveri fac et maneant in aliis villis in quibus prius manere consueverant T. R. apud Herwic 28 die Novemb. This year I find this notable proclamation Mandatum est Vicecomiti Norf. et Suff. quod in Civitate de Norwic. et singulis bonis villis Com. suorum clamari faciat quod nulla faemina Christiana de caetero serviat Iudaeis ad alendos puerulos suos vel in aliquo alio officio Teste R. apud VVestm 20 die Ian. per ipsum regem Vrsilla filia Hamonis de Hereford Judaei pays a fine of 5000 marks pro habendis terris domibus et omnibus debitis et caâ—allis quae fuerunt praedict Hamonis to be paid at certain days Such Fines of Iews to enjoy their fathers houses and chattels are frequent in the Fine Rolls Isaac a Jew was this year fined 100l de pluribus transgressionibus de quibus convictus fuit coram Justic Dom. Reg. ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis In this year also the King discharged Aaron a Jew of York from all Tallages whatsoever during his life paying annually into his Exchequer one hundred marks yearly at two terms for his exemption Rex omnibus ad quos presentes litterae perveniunt salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Aaron de Ebor. Judaeo quod ipse toto tempore vitae suae quietus sit de Taâ—lagio reddendo per annum ad Scac nostrum Cent. marc ad duos terminos scil 50 mar ad fest Pasch et 50 marc ad festum Sancti Michis Ita quod de debitis quae nobis debuit de quibus finem fecit nobiscum reddend per annum ad Scac. nostrum cent solidos quietus erit per praedict 100 mar an In cujus c. T. R. apud Suthan 13 die Feb. Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudeorum per literas clausas quod ita fieri et irrotulari faciant VVhich exemption is frequently mentioned and ratified afterwards and yet availed him very little as I have elsewhere manifested out of Mat. Paris Aaron de York to pay 100 marks per an to the Kings Exchequer to be free from taxes during all his life In 20 H. 3. I find this pardon of Usury due to a Jew by the King Rex pardonavit Roberto de Peâ—tiling totam usuram debitorum quibus tenetur Isaac Judaeo Nottingh et Benedicto Judaeo Warwic salva praedictis Judaeis â—orte predict debitorum Et mandatum est Justiciariis ad custod Judaeorum assignatis quod de usura praedicta ipsum Robertum quietum esse et ad sortem eorundem debitorum praedict Judaeis redendam eidem Roberto rationabiles terminos habere faciant T. Rege apud Winton 10 die Iunii This year the Inhabitants of Suthampton being weary of the Jews company who intruded themselves into the Town procured this grant from the King to be quit of them unlesse by special command for the future Rex concessit Burgensibus suis Suthampton quod nullus Iudaeus de caetero maneat apud Suthampton sine speciali praecepto Regis Et mandat est Iusticiariis ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod illinc nullum Iudaeum mittant ad manendum ibi nec aliquem ibi remanere permittant sine speciali praecepto Regis T. Rege apud Winton 21 die Iunii I conceive all corporations in England will be as unwilling to entertain any Iews now to dwell amongst them as the Inhabitants of Suthampton and those of Newcastle and Wickham forementioned were to receive them in that age In this year I find one Iew extending the lands of another Iew for a debt by this VVrit to their Iustices for that end Mandatum est Iustic ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod per Sacramentnm proborum et legalium hominum extendi faciant Domos et terras Aaronis Benedicti Suthampton in Suthampt. et in la Hull videlicet quantum valeant per annum in dominicis redditibâ—s serviciis villenag et omnibus aliis exitibus et fac extendi praedict eidem Aaroni rationabilem finem et rationabiles terminos habere fac ad debita in quibus tenetur David Iudaeo Oxon. et Deuleben fil Ursel Iudaeo Winton secundum valorem praedictar domorum et terrarum eâ— quantitatem praedictorum debitorâ—◠〈◊〉 quod iâ—tâ—rim cessent usurae which here one Jew took of another T. R. apud Winton 11 die Jun. Hen. the 3 in the 21 year of his reign granted the Presbytery of all the Jews of England which I conceive to be rather the Custos Rotulorum or Controlers place in the Kings Exchequer of the Jews than the Priestly function as this Record attests Mandatum â—st Iusticiaâ— iis ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis Quod Rex concessit Aaron Iudaeo Ebor. Presbyteratum omnium Iudaeorum Angliae cum omnibus pertinentiis suis tenendum tota vita sua Et quotiens Aaron intendere non possit ad sedend ad Scaccarium Regis ad officium illud therefore certainly it was a temporal office in the Kings Exchequer not an Ecclesiastical Priesthood in the Jewish Synagogues Ioceu fil Copin loco suo recipiat ad ea facienda ad Scaccarium regis quae ad officium illud pertinent therefore a temporal office only to be executed in the Exchequer and that by Deputy as well as in proper person which the Jewish High Priesthood could not be Rotulos etiam qui fuerunt Jocâ—i Presbyteri praedecessoris sui â—his Office therefore was to keep the Rolls as Comptroler eidem Aaron vel praedicto attornato suo habere faciant T. Rege apud Clarendon 29 die September Which record together with that of Claus 27 H. 3. â—ars 2. m. 3. hereafter cited doth most fully convince me upon second thoughts that the Presbyteratus omnium Iudâ—orum totius Angliae granted by King Iohn's Charter forementioned in the 1 year of his reign to Iacob the London Jew was not an ecclesiastical high Priesthood Episâ—opacy or Priestly Aaronical Function but exercised over all the English Jews in their Synagogues as Sir Edward Coook Mâ— Selden Mr. Purâ—has Dr. Fuller and others generally assert as a thing beyond disspute whose venerable Authorities at first induced me to that opinion but a meer secular Office in the Kings Exchequer of the Jews to keep the Rolls of Comptroll which this Aaron had now granted to him in the self-same words as are used in King Iohns Charter and his Predecestors before and successors after him enjoyned by like Charters from the K. A thing now clear to me upon consideration that the Jewish
Priesthood in the old and new Testam Latin Authors and Records is never stiled Presbyteratus but Sacerdotium nor their Priest not High Priest Presbyter omnium Iudeorum but Sacerdos Pontifex max. summus Sacerdos c. and upon my comparing of several records together since the 3 4 and 5. pages of this second Demurrer printed which I could not transcribe nor compare together till afterwards that it is past all dispute This year the King imposed a Tax of ten-thousand marks upon the Jews from the immediate payment whereof no Iew was to be excused or respited but by the Kings special Writ as these two Records informe us in this very year Mandatâ—m est Iusticiariis ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod de arreragiis Tallagii Iudaeorum de 10 mille marc quae colligi preâ—ipit rex nullos Iudaeos quietos esse permittant nisi Tallagium illud ad Scac. regis pacaverint vel literas regis de quietancia inde habuerint vel aliud rationabile Warrantum producant quod eis de jure sufficere debeat Teste Rege apud Marleburge 13 die December Rex quietum clamavit Aaron Iudaeum Ebor. de plegiag 10 mil. marc de Tallagio posito super Iudeos unde idem Aaron fuit unus de 10 plegiis In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 18 die Iunii per Archiepisc Ebor. It seems 40 rich Iews were pledges to the King for the due payment of this 10 thousand marks Tallage whereof Aaron being one was now discharged by this â—oyal instrument Some Iews in Oxford were this year imprisoned for forcibly taking away a Iewish child converted and baptized who being afterwards found they were released by this writ Mandatum est Constab Oxon quod omnes Iudaeos quos cepit et captos tenet in Castro Oxon occasione cujusdam parvi conversi et baptizati qui dicebatur per ipsos Iudaeos raptus esse et qui jam inventus est apud Oxon sine dilatione deliberet Teste Rege apud Westm 4 die Novem. In 22 H. 3. there was a new heavy Tax imposed on the Jews which some Jews in Bristol to avoid thought to flie the Land whereupon they were there imprisoned and at last released upon giving security not to depart the Realm and to pay the Tax as this record attests Mandatum est Constabul Bristol quod si Lumbard et Isaac Iudaei Bristol capti et in prisona Bristol detenti eo quod fugere volebant è terra Regis fecerint eum securum quod moram facient in terra Regis et quod reddent in medio quadragesimae Ann. c. 22. id quod ad eos pertinet de Tallagio Regis tunc eos ita deliberet è prisona T. R. apud Westm 5 die Martii There are several records this year for extending lands for the Debts of Jews take one for a president of the rest Mandatum est Jusâ—ieiariis ad custod Judaeorum assignatis quod extendi faciant terram Roberti de Ardern quae est vadium Crispini aliorum Judeorum et secundum valorem et quantitatem debiti rationabiles terras eos habere faciant T.R. apud Merleburge 25 die Martii The like extent mutatis mutandis is granted this year against the lands of William Marschal In the Clause rolls of 22 H. 3. in the Dorse of the Fine roll of 23. I find this notable case in Law reciting and expounding the Statute of Merton 20 H. 3. c. 5. concerning Usurie made but two years before it Rex Vic. Ebor. salutem Ostendit Regi Ric de Watervill quod cum in Curia Regis coram Justiciariis suis apud Westm per considerationem ejusdem Curiae recuperasset versus Rogerum de Colevill custodiam terrae quae fuit Odmelli de Albano in Dalton usque aetatem haeredis ejusdem Odmelli Aaron de Ebor. Judaeus cujus vadium dicta terra dicitur esse postea per Breve Regis recuperavit seisinam ejusdem terrae tanquam vadium suum Quia vero Rex generaliter concessit in regno suo quod haeredibus infra aetatem existentibus non currant usurae super terras suas quae vadia sint Judaeorum nec hujusmodi invadationes auferâ—e debent Dominis feodorum custodiam tâ—rrarum quae de eis tenentur per servicium militare Mandatum est Vic. Ebor. quod praedict Nicho. de praedicta terra nomine custod talem seisâ—am faciat qualem inde habuit antequam praedicto Judeo per praeceptum Regis seisâ—am inde habere fecit T. R. apud Windsore 17 die Junii If Sir Edw Cook had been so well seen in records as most deem him he would certainly have remembred this in his Commentary on the Statute of Merton cap. 5. I meet with these four records in 23 H. demonstrating what fines Releifs the Jews heirs paid to the King to enjoy their Estates after their decease c. Aaron Judeus Ebor. Benedictus fil Jossei haeredes Samuelis fil Joscei Judei finem fecerunt cum Rege pro habendis terris et catallis quae fuerunt praedicti Samuelis pro centum libris de quibus reddit xx l. per annum scil x l. ad Pasch An. 23. ad festum Sancti Michaelis Anno eodem x l. et sic de anno in annum et de termino in terminum donec praedict 100 lib. plene fuerint solutae Et mandatum est Justic ad custod Judaeorum assignatis quod ita irrotulari omnes terras et catalla praedicta eisdem Aaron et Benedicto deliberari faciant salvo uxori ejusdem Samuelis rationabili dote sua secundum Legem et consuetudinem Judeorum quam quidem doâ—em idem Justiciar ei sine dilatione facient assignari T. R. apud VVoodstock 18 die Novembris Rex Baronibus suis de Scac. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Ursello fil Hamond de Hereford et fratribus suis quod de fine quem fecerunt nobiscum pro habendis terris 〈◊〉 catallis praedicti Hamonis patris sui habeant eosdem terminos quos eis prius concessimus et tantundem Nobis reddent per annum quantuÌ„ reddere deÌ„bent per praefatam concessionem nostram eis prius factam ita quod primus terminus eorum incipiet ad Pasch an r. n. 23. sic deinceps reddant nobis de termino in terminum tantum denar per ann quant reddere debuerunt per praedict concessionem donec totus finis nobis persolvatur non obstante eo quod praedicti Ursell et fratres sui terminos suos quos eis concessimus non observarunt T. R. apud Westm 18 die Ian. By these two Presidents and many others in the Fine Rols of this Kings reign which I pretermit is is apparent 1. That all the Jews goods chattels houses lands upon their decease remained in the Kings hands neither could their children enjoy them till they had made a special Fine
Berkhamested habere consueverunt Archamque quam fuit apud Berkhamsted similiter habeant apud VVallingford et eodem modo quo ipsam habuerunt apud Berkhamsted Et mandatum est Justic ad custod Jud. assignatis quod sic fieri permittant T.R. How the Jews heirs after their decease made fines to the King for their real and personal estates and how their wives were indowed this Record will manifest of the same year with the former Rex Baron suis de Scac. salutem Mandamus vobis quod distringatis Mayden quae fuit uxor Jacob. Crespin ad reddend Moss fil praedict Iacob et Isaac fratri suo terras domos redditus catalla et omnia debita quae fuerunt praedicti Jacob. patris sui pro quibus ipse Moss et Isaac finem â—ecerunt nobiscum sicut per alias litetas nostras vobis significavimus Et cum praedicti Moss Isaac seisinam habuerint de praedict terris domibus redditibus catal et debitis tunc eidem Mayden rationabilem dotem suam a praedict Moss et Isaac faciatis assignari T. R. apud Merewel 2 die Maii. In the 27 year of King Henry the King issued this precept to have a Convert Iew instructed in the Christian Faith and learning in any place where he might Mandatum est Ebor. Archiepiscopo et VV. de Cantelup then Commissioners or Justices for the Jews affairs Quod Martino converso faciant administrari in aliqua villa ubi possit tam de fide Catholica quam literarum scientia feliciter erudiri T. R. apud Burdegal 3 die Febr. The same year the King commanded the Executors of the Bishop of Winchester by his Writ to pay to W. de Haevenshel and Edward son of Odo 100l ad terras emendas ad opus Conversorum London ad sustentationem eorundem T. R. apud Burd 12 die Aprilis Et mandatum est praedictis VVillo et Edwardo quod denarios illos ab illis recipiant etterras ad opus praedictor conversorum emant Ita quod terrae praedict emptae fuerint citra festum Nativ sancti Iohis Baptistae Such was the care and charity of those times for the converts support This year the King pardoned several debts of particular Englishmen owing to particular Jews respited the payment of other Debts for a time to others by several writs to the Iustices assigned for the Iews And likewise assigned and granted the Office of Aarons Presbyteratus Judeorum Angliae in the Exchequer forementioned to Elie le Eveske a Jew of London or his Attorney with all the Rolls of the Exchequer belonging to Aaron in as ample manner as Aaron formerly had them commanding the Justices assigned for the Jews custody to invest him in this office of Aaron Et nullam decetero summonitionem facere de aliquo debito de quo debetur responderi coram eis nisi per visum et testimonium predicti Elye vel illius quem ad hoc loco suo attornaverit which clearly proves that the Presbyteratus omnium Iudaeorum totius Angliae granted to Aaron and now transferred to Elye was nothing else but the Custos Rotulorum or Controllership of the Exchequer Et mandatum est eisdem quod quotiens idem Elyas intendere non possit ad sedendum ad Scac. Joceum fil Copini loco suo recipiant ad ea facienda ad idem Scac. quae ad Presbyteratum Iudaeorum pertinent Rotulos etiam qui fuerant Jocei predecessoris sui eidem Elye vel attornato suo habere faciatis T. apud Westm 21 die Octob per Will. de Cantil Edward fil Odonis Quia Abraham Iudeus Berkhamsted clamat partem in debito quod continetur in cartae Johannis de Brabini confect inter ipsum Johannem et praedict Abraham et Mosseum Iudeum Hereford Mandatum est Cirographariis custodibus Archae Judaeorum Hereford quod praefata Carta per praefat Mosseum vel per alium nemini liberetur donec Rex aliud inde praeciperit Which shewes that one Jew could not discharge the debt due joyntly to him and another Jew but by the others consent In the 28 of H. 3. two Jews being wrongfully arrested for a Debt due by another the King sent this writ to discharge them and imprison the Jewess that owed it Rex Justic ad cust Iud. assignatis salutem Sciatis quod probatum fuit coram nobis apud Stanford quod Gentilla vidua Iudea de Stanford debet R. Com. Cornub. fratri nostro illas 13 lib pro quibus Coc. Samuelem Judeos de Stanford arrestari fecistis in villa praedict ita quod eam cap. et in prisona detineri praecipimus donec solverit pecuniam praedict Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedict Coc. Samuel ceterosque omnes Iudeos de Stanford de praedict 13 lib. quietos esse faciatis T. Rege apud Not. 10 die July This year Aaron a Jew of York assigned a Debt of 500 l to the King in part of a debt which he owed the King which the King commanded Hugh Bygod who owed it in right of his wife to pay into the Exchequer And likewise commanded all the Jews to be removed out of Nuberry and Spenbamland by this writ Mandatum est Vic. Berks Quod Judeos qui manent in Villa de Nubury et in villa de Spenhamland remittat sine dilatione usque Winton et ibi maneant sicut prius solent nec de caetero maneant in Villis prae dictis T. R. apud Readings 27 die Decemb. A Jew accused for clipping and falsifying monies fled for refuge to the King who thus remanded him Rex W. de Ebor prepos Beverley Hen de Bath salutem Quia intelleximus quod vos mandaveritis Vic. nostro Hereford ad capiend Cok Judeum Hereford tanquam falsarium et retuntorem Denar et idem Judeus venit ad Curiam nostram apud Reading quaerens subterfugium captionis suae Nos ipsum Judaeum fecimus arrestari ad vos mittentes eundem ut vos super eo quod ei imponitur secundum quod videritis expedire faciatis T. R. apud Reading 12 die May. After which follows this record Rex W. de Havershull Thesaur suo et Constab suo London salutem Mandamus vobis quod Judeos assignatos ad custodiam catallorum debitorum quae fuerunt David Judei Oxon distringatis ita quod illi Judei qui manuceperunt finem 5000 marc quem Licoric quae fuit uxor praedict David fecit nobiscum pro habendis catallis et debitis ipsius David ut eum habeamus terminis assignatis de Tallagio Iudeorum nobis solvend et ipsam Licoric a prisona deliberari faciatis Ita tamen quod nullam habeat administrationem de catallis debitis praedictis ante instans festum Nativitatis beat Mariae donec post eundem festum vobis inde mandaverimus Et Sciatis quod remissimus Aaron Judeo Ebor. custodiam praedict
c. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Aaroni filio Abrahami Iudeo quod sicut talliatus fuit ad decem octo libras coram Nobis ad terminum Sancti Michaelis Anno c. 33. sic tallietur ad quatuor Annos sequentes ad triginta et sex libras singulis annis praedictorum quatuor annorum videlicet ad festum Paschae Anno c. 34 to ad 18 libras et ad festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens ad 18 libras et sic DE ANNO IN ANNUM ad eosdem terminos ad 36 libras Ita quod post praefatum terminum praedictorum quatuor annorum ad majorem pecuniae summam modo talliatur In cujus c. Teste Rege apud VVindsore 21 die Sept. In the Fine Rolls of this year I find these Passages relating to the Jews who all joyntly and severally made great fines to the King this year particularized in the Fine rolls what sum every Jew whose name is there entred at large was to pay to the King whereof take this brief account of some few as a pattern of all the rest Mandatum est Vic. Kanc. quod si Judei Cantuar. invenerint securitatem sufficientem de 7 l. 8 s. 8 d. de novo Tallagio super eos assesso de 11 l. 17 s. 5 d. de veteri Tallagio super eos assesso ad aurum Regi inde emendum unde alias recepit mandatum Regis ita quod pecuniam illam habeat in manu sua quod inde Regi respondere possit ad Scacc. Regis in Crastino Sancti Michaelis tunc praefatos Judeos permittat in pace ita quod eos non distringat pro aliquo alio Tallagio donec aliud a Rege acceperit in mandatis T. R. apud Merton 12 dâ—e Sept. Mandat est Vic. Ebor. quod sicut seipsum diligit habeat ad Scac Regis in Octabis Sancti Michaelis de Aaron de Ebor. Judeo de novo Tallagio super eum assesso 16 l. 11 s. Et de eodem de veteri Tallagio super eum assesso unde Vic. alias recepit mandatum Regis 26 l. 7 s. et de caeteris Judeis Civitatis Ebor. de noâ—o Tallagio 14 l. 11 s. et de eisdem de veteri Tallagio unde Vic. alias recepit mandat Regis 23 l. 7 s. ad aurum Reg. inde emendum T. ut supra Eodem modo scribitur de Iudaeis Exon de Tallag Vic. Devon De Iudeis Bedford Merlebr Bristoll Warw. Glocest Cantebr London Norwic. Colecester Winton Wigorn Hereford Oxon Nottingh Northampton Lincoln and other Towns and to their respective Sheriffs to levy the particular sums both of the New and Old Tallage forementioned there specified in like manner as to the Sheriff of Yorke which particulars fill up an whole roll well nigh In the same Roll the King respites Jacobus Le Eveske a Jew and Flora his daughter a fine of 45 l. 6 s. 8 d. pro Relevio et aliis finibus and sundry other Jews there named paid the like Fines pro Relevio upon their Parents deaths to injoy their estates to be paid at certain times there limited into the Exchequer Et mandatum est Baron de Scac. et Justic ad custod Judeorum assignatis quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant T. R. apud Guldeford 13 die Sept. The like Fines for relief pro terris catallis Patris eorum ratione relevii Regi contingentibus paid by sundry Iews I meet with in 34 H. 3. and many Fine Rolls else throughout his reign and in Edward the 1. which I pretermit it being entred of some Dederunt Regi 20 s. auri or some other sum of gold prae manibus In 34 H. 3. There was a tax of ten thousand marks imposed on the Jews and this composition made between the King and Salmon Bishop a Jew concerning it future Taxes thus entred in the Fine roll of that year Rex concessit Salmoni Episcopo Judeo London quod de Tallagio 10 mil. marc per annum sit ad 20 l. dum Tallagium Judeorum sit in tali statu et si crescat Tallagium Judeorum crescat ejus portio quae ipsum continget de Tallagio praedicto et si decrescatur simili modo Ita tamen quod si tota Communitas Judeorum Regi gravetur de Tallagio praedicto aut summa X. millium marc debeat decrescere eo quod idem Salmon est ad talem summam respondeat at idem Iudeus ad liberatum librae suae de praedict 20 l. sicut alii Judei faciunt in tallagio suo Et reddat Regi praedict 20 lib. annuatim ad duos terminos viz. 10 l. ad Scac. S. Michaelis 10 l. ad Scac. Paschae Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custod Iud assignatis quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant et pro licentia concessionis dedit Regi unam marcam auri T. R. apud Wyndes 1. die Octob. et habet inde Literas Patentes per eadem verba The like compositions were made with the King by Aaron of York and many other Jews in this and other years In the 34 year of King H. 3. I find this recital in a writ That the King by the long received custome of the Realm ought to succeed the Iews themselves in all houses and other Lands which they should purchase within the realme upon their deaths outlary or departure hence and that he might grant them to whom he pleased as well as tax them and seise their goods at his pleasure Rex Vicecomiti Norff. salutem Licet de consuetudine longeva dicatur obtentum in regno nostro quod Nos in Domibus et aliis quas acquisiverint Iudaei in regno nostro succedere debeamus ipsis Iudaeis aures tamen nostras precibus Edmundi Kake de Norwic. Capellani misericorditer inclinantes concessimus eidem Edmundo de gratia nostra quod non obstante consuetudine praedicta habeat Messuagium illud in Norwic de quo nuper seisinam fieri fecimus Magistro Benedicto et quod Seigumet Iudaeus utlagatus tenuit de praedicto Edmundo in eadem villa de Norwic. Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod eidem Edmundo de praedicto messuagio sine dilatione plenam seisinam habere facias T. R. apud Clarendon 13 die Decembris In the same roll I find a writ to attach both the body and goods of a Jew and to bring them both before the Justices assigned for the Iews Mandatum est Vicecomiti Dorset quod habeat coram Iusticiariis regis ad Custodiam Iudeorum assignatis apud Westm in Crastino Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae corpus Solomonis Iudei de Dorcestria cum omnibus catallis ipsius Iudaei sub sigillo suo T. R. apud Merleberge 21 die Junii In the Patent roll of this year the King granted this License to the Masters of the Law of the Commonalty of the Jews in London to excommunicate
such Jews as refused to contribute that subsidy they had promised towards the sustaining of their common Churchyard in London whom they could not excommunicate without his leave Rex Iusticiariis suis ad Custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Iudaeis nostris London quod Magistri legis eorundem Iudaeorum in Ciuitate London promulgare possint summam Excommunicationem in omnes illos Iudaeos qui subsidium aliquod promiserunt ad Cimiterium London sustinendum et illud non solverint Ita quod Nos non alii de Judaeis excommunicatis sufficientes emendas recipiamus T. R. 28 Die Julii In the 35 of Henry 3. there are these records touching the Jews Mandatum est Philippo Luvel et Sociis suis Justiciariis Judaeorum sicut alias Quod de Tallagio X. milium Marcarum assesso super Communitatem Iudaeorum Angliae faciant habere Reginaldo de Salinis 40 libras ad terras inde emendas ad opus suum vel ad commodum suum alio modo faciendum prout sibi viderit expediri etillas in eodem Tallagio faciendo allocari Communitati praedictae Et Rex bene vult quod eadem 40 l. Ricardo de Salinis allocantur in debitis quod debet in Judaismo pro eodem Reginaldo dum tamen idem Reginaldus securus sit de protione sua T. R. apud Wherewell 25 die Maii. Per ipsum Regem The wives and children of the Jews oft times used to be distrained and imprisoned for their Debts as appears by this record to respite such proceedings against them for a time Anno 35. H. 3. Mandatum est Vic. Devon quod non distringat nec distringi permittat uxorem Boneufaunt Judei Exon. vel pueros suos per corpora sua ipsos imprisonando occasione alicujus debiti seu demandae tangentis ipsum Boneufaunt de fine 100 marc auri quia Rex vult ipsam Iudeam cum predictis pueris suis esse in pace usque ad octabis Sti. Mich. prox futuri Et si ipsos imprisonavit eos interim deliberari faciat T. R. apud Windsore 2 die Septemb. per ipsum regem This year there was a tax of 10000 marks imposed on the Iews as is evident by Pat 35. H. 3. pars 2. m. 4. De tallagio Iudeorum assidendo for assessing it and this Precept concerning it Mandatum est Baron de Scac. ad custodiam Iudeorum assignatis quod provideant etâ—ordment inter se qualiter illa 10 millia marc quae regi debentur de Tallagio Iudeorum regi persolvi possint And in the same membrana there is this command to buy gold with the Jews money for the Kings use Mandat W. de Hoverhull Thes reg Edward de Westm et Phil. Luvell quod de omnibus denariis de Judaismo provenientibus aurum ad opus regis emi faciant sicut rex eidem Philippo dudum injunxit et sicut T. Espernon eis exponet ex parte regis T. R. What great sums of gold the King received of some Iews this year to be exempted from taxes paying set rates for 4 years space will appear by this record Mandatum est Justiciariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod illas 10 mil. marcas auri quas Elias Judeus London regi dedit pro sic quod a festo St. Mich. An. 34. usque in quatuor annos prox sequentes completos non talliaretur nisi ad centum libr. per annum dum Tallagium regis duraret eidem inde proximis terminis suis Tallagii sui fac allocari Ita quod de cetero respondeat in tallagio suo Judeorum secundum facultates suas sicut rex alias eis mandavit non obstanre gratia regis quam ei concesserit pro donatione predicti auri T. R. apud Clarendon 10 die Iuuii Consimiles literas habet Aaron fil Abrah Judeus London de 25 marc auri allocari ut supra continetur eisdem Justic directas T. ut supra per ipsum regem Et quia Aaron de Ebor. affirmavit coram rege quod predict aurum prefatis Aaron et Eliae alia vice per mandatum Regis de quo Rex non recolit fuit allocatum Mandat est prefatis Justic quod super hoc regem fine dilatione certificent Scituri quod dictus Aaron Regi promisit 200 marc argenti nisi predicta summa auri praedictis Iudeis per regem fuit allocata in Tallagio suo T. R. c. per ipsum regem The King this year allows a Jew to sue for the remainder of a debt which the King had pardoned and the Bond to be taken out of the Chest by this Writ Rex Justic ad custod Iudeorum assign Cum nullus Iudeus debeat plac de Cirograf in Archa Iudeorum inventa et catal Abr. de Berchanster quae capta fuerunt in manum nostram ex toto credebamus ad opus nostrum retinere quoruÌ„ residuuÌ„ ad petitionem R. Com. Cornub. eidem remissimus licet alias dederimus vobis in mandatis quod in quiraretis per sacr legal hominum qualem summam pecuniae Galfr. Mansell de dicto Abr. recepit et dict G. de usuris forte solum quietum remaneret Volumus tamen cum dictus Iudeus residuum catallorum suorum recuperaverit quod dict G. distringi faciatis ad plenam solutionem totius residui dicto Iudeo faciend secundum formam Cyrogr. sui Et ideo vobis mandamus quod sic fieri et irro ulari fac Ita quod dictus Iudeus totam summam in parte sua Cyrogr. contentam cum debito integre possit recuperare Et licet Cyrogr. alias per preceptuâ— nostrum ab Archa sit extract hoc facere non omittatis T. apud Harding 25. die August The Jews in that age could not without the Kings special license remove themselves or goods from one City to another and acquainting the Justices assigned for the Jews of his royal pleasure therein and were enforced to give security for one another to pay their Taxes to the King as this record of 36 H. 3. will evidence Rex concessit Iacobo filio Boneufaunt Judeo quod libere recedat a Villa Gloucestriae et moram facere in civitate London Et quia idem Judeus fecit regi securitatem per Iacobum le Eveske Iudeorum de tallagio suo ad quod tallietur ad festum sancti Martini regi reddendo Mandatum est Vicecom Glouc. quod ad ipsum aut ad familiam suam aut catalla sua manum non apponat sed ipsum cum omnibus praedictis a Villa Gloucestriae libere recedere permittat Teste Rege apud Woodstoke 19 die Augusti per ipsum regem Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod ipsum inter Iudeos regis in civitate praedicta manere permittant Teste ut supra Mandatum est eisdem quod faciant habere Iacobo le Eveske
send the Chest of the Iews of Lincoln to London belike for the same crucifying of this child Mandat est Vic. Linc. quod statim visis literis istis mittat usque London Archam Cirogr Lincoln sub salva custodia liberand Ph. Luvel Thesaur Regis et Justic ad custodiam Iud assignatis et quod venire fac ibidem cum eadem Archa omnes Cyrographarios ejusdem Villae tam Christianos quam Iudaeos et hoc non omittat This year the King ordained a New Justice for the Iews who took an Oath of Fealty to the King due to his Office and was formally invested in the place as this record relates Rex constituit Adam de Greenvile Iusticiarium suum Iudaeorum et ab eo recipit Sacramentum fidelitatis Regi debitum pretextu officii sui Et mandat est Phil. Luvel Thesaurar regis c. quod ipsum in locum suum tanquam Iustic Regis in Scac Iudaeorum sine dilatione ponant T. R. per R. Walis Cok. fil Aaron Iudeus London cum instantia supplicavit regi Quod super Fine quem nuper fecit coram Philip. Luvel Thes et Henrico de Bathon ad opus regis pro 20 marc auri eidem Iudeo literae Patentes fieri fac Et mandatum est eisdem Philipâ—o et Ric quod formam Literarum Patent quas pred Judeus inde habere debet ad terminos solucionis ejusdem auri sub sigillis suis significent ut Rex literas illas eidem Judâ—o fieri et consignari faciat T. R. apud Clarend 3 die Iulii It seems these Justices directed all the Iews Patents of this nature In the 41 year of King Henry the 3d. Elyas Bishop the High Priest of the Iews as Mat. Paris stiles him for a certain Transgression against the King and his Brother King of Almaine was judicially deprived of his High-Priesthood and Priestly Office by the judgement of the Kings Justices assigned for the custody of the Jews in the Exchequer and of all his other Offices formerly granted him by the King and that he should never be capable to receive or execute these Offices again whereupon the King for a Fine of 3 marks of gold paid by the Commonalty of the Jews granted unto them by his Charter that from thenceforth none should be their Priest but by the common election of the said Commonalty of the Jews and that upon the death of every Priest they should have free Liberty to chuse another Priest and of presenting him to the King that he might obtain his assent and favour therein as this memorable record informs us wherein the names of the Justices assigned to the Iews are specified Rex omnibus c. Cum Elyas Episcopus Iudaeus noster London pro transgressione quam fecit 〈◊〉 Nobis quam dilecto fratri nostro Regi Almannorum a sacerdotio communitatis â—udaeorum Augliae coram dilectis fidelibus nostris Philippo Ballet Philippo Luvel Henrico de Bathonia Simon Passelew caeteris Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudeorum assignatis quos ad Transgressionem Uam convincendam Iusticiarios nostros assignavimus Per Iudicium eorundem ad Scaccarium nostrum Fuerit abjudicatus et de ejusdem Sacerdotii Officio et eâ—iam de omni 〈…〉 officiis et Ballivis quas a Nobis prius obâ—inuit sit depositus Nos de consilio erundem Iusticiariorum concessimus praedictae Communitati Iudeorum nostrorum Angliae per finem trium marcarum auri quem Cresse et Haginus fratres ejusdem Iudaei nobis pro eadem Communicate fecerunt quod praedictus Elyas Sacerdotium illud nunquam in posterum habeat et recuperet Et quod nullus de Communitate illa de caetero sit Sacerdos nisi per communem Electionem Communitatis ejusdem Quod illa Communitas post decessum cujuslibet Sacerdotis sic electi alium eligendi quemcunque voluerint Sacerdotem liberam habeat facultatem ac ipsum Nobis praesentandi ut nostrum super hoc assensum optineat et favorem In cujus c. Teste Rege apud Wodstoke 20 die Iulii I observe in this Record that Elyas is stiled only Sacerdos not Presbyter Judeorum his only Priestly office called Sacerdotium communitatis Angliae Sacerdotii officium not Presbyteratus omnium Judeorum totius Angliae as Jacobs and Aarons forementiontioned Offices are And he that should succeed him by common election is still here stiled Sacerdos Sacerdotis Sacerdotem thrice together not Presbyter at all Therefore certainly these offices were distinct the one ecclesiastical the other temporal in the Exchequer only as I formerly manifested What Elias his offence was for which he was thus deprived of his Priesthood is not expressed in the record but most probably it was his stout bold speech to the King Earl Richard and the Lords in behalf of the Jews â—he year before when they exacted an intollerable tax from them under pain of a most loathsom prison hangiug and an ignominious death recorded at large by Matthew Paris and in the first part of my Demurrer which I shall not repeat What power the King and his Justices then had over their Iewish Bishop Priests themselves is sufficiently evident by this Record In the Rolls of 41 H. 3. I find the King at the intercession of his Brother King of Romans acquitting Cresse and two other Iews of London for 5 compleat years then next ensuing Ab omnibus Tallagiis auxiliis ad Nos pertinentibus pro una marca auri et dimid to be paid by each of them yearly into the Wardrobe And at the instance of the Queen he granted this exemption Iacobo le Eveske Judeo and to his Son Benedict after his death Quod toto tempore vitae suae quietus esset de omnibus Tallagiis auxiliis et aliis demandis ad nos pertinentibus pro 5 marc argenti nobis annuatim reddend ad Scac. nostrum salvo tamen nobis haeredibus nostris misericordias in quas inciderit pro forisfacto aliquo personam suam tangente Likewise he granted by Patent to Cok. a Jew licence to sue for his fathers debts for which he paid a fine to the King and to extend his Debtors lands for the debts sine aliqua usura Yea I find this pardon of an Outlawry to a Jewesse the same year Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod per finem quem Roesia Crespin Iudea London fecit nobiscum remissimus ei vtlagariam in ipsam promuigatam et malas occasiones pro eo quod ipsa non venit ad mandatum nostrum Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ipsam contra hanc concessionem nostram non vexatis In cujus c. Teste R. apud Winton 4 die Novembris This strange Precept was sent the Constable of the Tower not to bail the Jews upon any Justices Precept Mâ—ndat est Constab Turris London quod nec Vic. nec Judeum vel Judeam arrest
rotulos et brevia Iudaismum tangentia quae sunt in custodia sua liberet Iustic ad custod Iudeor assign custodiend quamdiu Rex aliud inde praeceperit This year the King writing to Hagiâ—o a Jew of London to deliver monyes of the Merchants of Flanders there arrested and left in his Custody begins thus Rex Hagino fil Mossei Iudeo London statum vitae melioris Cum per literas nostras c. The same year the King granted to Aaron le Blund a Jew liberty to sue for his debts which he formerly pardoned his debtors Non obstante pardonatione nostra de debitis dicti Rogeri praefato Judaeo facto The Jews sustaining much loss by the Barons and Kings enemies I find this recitall thereof by the King who granted them other Jews debts for their relief as this and other presidents manifest Rex Iustic suis ad custod c. Soiatis quod pro dampnis et jacturis quae Haginus fil Mossei Iudeus London pro nobis sustinuit in turbatione habita in regno nostro Nos in auxilium relevationis suae status dedimus ei 50 lib. in quibus Willielmus de Dyve defunctus per cartam suam tenebatur Jacobo fil Ladonis Iudeo London nuper defuncto cujus debita et catalla devenerunt ad manum nostram ratione mortis ejusdem Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedict 50 lib. secundum consuetud Judaismi nostri leuari et eidem Hagino una cum carta supradicta liberari faciatis de dono nostri T. R. apud Westm 1 die April The like grant of another Jews debt upon the same account was this year made to Elyas sonne of Mosse a Jew to be allowed in his Tallages and other debts to the King Ibid. m. 10. The King pardons Peter de Novel and Andrew de Winton the debts they owed to Jews The Iews in London both before and after the battel of Lewes being spoiled of their houses and goods there during the Civil wars by the Kings Enemies and the Barons then in arms against them he thereupon in the 50 year of his reign enabled them to sue for and recover their goods and houses again except such as himself had sold and disposed of and restored them to the self-same condition they were in before the battle of Lewes by this ensuing writ and grant Rex Hugoni filio Ottonis Custodi Civitatis suae London salutem Cum pro variis dampnis et injuâ—is Iudeis nostris Angliae in turbatione regni nostri ab Inimicis nostris illatis de Consilio Magnatum nostrorum qui sunt de Consilio nostro Concessimus omnibus et singulis Iudeis praedictis quod ipsi quoad bona et possessiones suas recuperanda sint in eodem statu quo fuerunt die conflictus de Lewes ac quidem inimici nostri in turbatione in Regno nostro habita domos Iudaeorum nostrorum London in eadem Civitate tà m ante bellum praedictum quà m post occupaverint Ac etiam quidam deorum praedictorum pro timore turbationis praedictae domos suas in eadem Civitate reliquerunt et ad alias partes se transtulerunt Nos eisdem fudaeis gratiam uberiâ—rem facere volentes concessimus et reddidimus singulis Iudaeis nostris London omnes domos suas praedictas ante bellum praedictum et post bellum illud occasione turbationis praedictae occupatas detentas exceptis Domibus quorundam Judaeorum praedictorum London quas in eadem Civitate quibuscunque prius concessimus Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praefatis Iudaeis de Domibus suis praedictis in quorumcunque manibus existâ—nt plenam seisâ—nam habere facias sicut praedictum est T. R. apud VVestm 14 dii Novembris In the Patent Rolls of this year the King grants the Houses and Debts of several Jews escheated to him by their deaths or othewise to several Jews impoverished dampnis et gravaminibus sibi ad inimicis nostris illatis tempore turbationis habita in regno nostro c. volens eis gratiam facere specialem Besides upon this account I find this general Patent and Proclamation of protection for the Jewes of London Rex Rich. de Ceual and 45 more there named civibus London salutem Quia Iudei nostri London tempore turbationis in regno nostro jacturas quamplurimas et enormia sustinuerunt nos dispendiis et â—acturis eorum compatientes ipsos terras res domos redditus et omnes eorum possessiones in defensionem et protectionem nostram suscepimusâ— specialem Nos ad eorum Majorem tuitionem et securitatem custodiam et protectionem vos assignantes Et ideo vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes quatenus per totam civitatem praedict London publice proclamari fac ne quis sub periculo vitae et membrorum praedict Iudaeis in personis vel rebus suis dampnum inferat molestiam aut gravamen et vos ipsi Iudeos illos familias suas terras vel redditus domos et omnes possessiones suas et eorum bona infra civitatem 〈◊〉 et extra quantum in vobis est manâ—teneatis protegatis et defendatis non inferentes c. as in the former Et si quid c. talem diligentiam apponentes ut vobis c. donatur per vicecomitem T. R. Consimiles literae habent Iudei Cantebr Ballivis et probis hominibus Cant. directae durant ut supra This year the King granted the custody of the Iews Rolls and a salary for it by this patent Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod commissimus dilecto Clerico nostro Tho. Wabrun rotulos et brevia nostra Iudaismi nostri custodiend quamdiu nobis placuerit ita quod capiat per annum ad Scac. nostr 10 lib. vid. 100 s. ab Scac. nostr St. Michis et 100s ad Scac. nostr Pasche ad se sustentandum in officio praedicto quamdiu frerit in eodem The same year the King by Patent granted leave to sundry Jews presently to sue for and levy their debts upon their Creditors and distrain them for them and likewise that he will not release pardon nor respite the debts due to them from sundry particular persons expressed in the Patents in form like those already cited elsewhere Yea I find this Writ for electing a new Cyrographer in the place of one that was dead issued this year Rex Constab castri Winton et Ballivis ejusdem villae saâ—utem Quia Petrus Westman Christianus unus Cyrogr. Arch. Iud. Winton diem clausit extremum ut rex accepit Vobis mandamus quod per Sacramentum 12. tam Christianorum quam Iudeorum villae praedict eligi fac loco praedict Pet. unum alium Coffrarium qui praestito sacramento sicut moris est officio illo de caetero intendat et nomen ejus Regi scire fac T. R. apud Cant. 26 die Oct. And this recital of the Kings grant of his
Iudaisme to the Prince and a confirmation of his grant to a Jew Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod cum dudum commissâ—rimus dilect primog nostro Judaismum nostrum Angliae habendum ad certum terminum cum omnibus ad Judaismum illum pertinentibus item quod idem fil noster omnia inde medio tempore illo perciperet Judeorum tam ratione mortis Iudeorum aliunde quam eodem modo-quo nos percipere debuissemus si Iudaismum praedict in manu nostra â—eâ—uissemus et dictus fil noster tertiam partem omnium catal et debitorum quae fuerunt Deulecres filius Aaron qui tunc in fata concessâ—â— ad ipsum filium nostr ratione mortis eâ—usdem Deulecres sicut moris est in Iudaismo pertinentem occasione â—osâ—rae concessionis antedict dederit et concesserit Hagio fil Mosse Iudeo London una cum custodia catal et debitorum pertinent ad pueros haeredes ejusdem Deulacres de catallis et debitis supradictis Nos praedict donationem concessionem ratam habemus acceptam Volentes etiam eidem Hagino gratiam facere specialem concedimus eidem quod de debitis 〈◊〉 extentam vel etiam prorogationem seu quietantiam aliquam vel donum nou faciemus infra quinquenâ—ium a tempore confect presentium In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 26 die Novemb. In 51 H. 3. I find this grant to divers plundered Jews of Lincoln and other parts to recover their pawns which they could prove though their Charters were lost or not extant on Record Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis custodibus pacis in Com. Linc. North. Ebor. Vic. eorundem Com. et Vic. Norf. Suff. et Rutland et omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus nostris quos c. salutem Volentes Manfro and to sundry other Iews there named Iudeis Linc. et aliis Iudeis nostris ejusdem Civit. pro dampniset gravaminibus eis ab inimicis nostris illatis in insultu habito apud Linc nec non et in turbatione regni nostri gratiam facere ad praesens Concessimus quod Vadia sua nominata in Cyrogr. inter ipsos et debit suos confect de debitis quae sibi rationabiliter monstrari poterint in quorumcunque manibus existent vadia illa in manus suas secundum legem et consuetudinem Iudaismi nostri seisientur donec debita illa levantur et persolventur eisdem sicut praedict est nisi debitores illi rationabiliter monstrare poterint quod de debitis illis debent esse quieti In cujus c. T. R. apud Windsore The like Patent he made to Aaron the son of Lion le Blund a Jew of London this year upon the same grounds being plundered by the King enemies in London and elsewhere In 52 H. 3. the King confirmed the grant of Sâ—m a Jew of York to Hagino a Jew of London of certain houses in York and grants to him further pro nobis et haeredibus nostris sibi et haeredibus suis quod supra domos praedict nulla fiat districtio pro aliquibus debitis in quibus Aaron the father of Samuel nobis tenebatur die quo in fata concessit T. R. 30 die Aug. He likewise ratified the grant of a Jew of Wilton of a debt due to him to Tho. de Irpeign with the grants of several houses in Winton by sundry Christians and Jews to Benedict a Jew of Winton Pardons a fee to a Jew and grants some Jews that had suffered for him leave to levy their debts on their debtors lands There is likewise mention of what moneys were delivered into the Kings VVardrobe this year out of the profits of his Judaisme and an acquittance thereof to his Iustices This year the King granted to Hagino fil Mossei and some other Jews that they should be exempted quieti de omnibus auxiliis et Tallagiis super ipsis assidendis et de quibuscunque debitis in quibus nobis tâ—nentur from the feast of St. Andrew usque in terminum proximo sequent T. R. apud Clarendoâ— 27 die Novemb. In the Clause Rolls this year I find fines made by the Jews to the King to enjoy the goods and debt of other Iews Prohibitionâ— to the Iustices iâ—inerant noâ— to suffer any Iews to be vexed or prosecuted before them cum sicut nostis Iudei Angliae coram aliquibus Iustic nostr de aliquibus Judaismum nostr tangâ—â—â—ibus non debâ—ant placitare vel respondere nisi coram Iustic nostriâ— ad custod Iud. assignatis A grant to some Iews not to pardon acquit prorogue or â—extend their debts for 5 years with a confirmation thereof and repeal of all subsequent grants to the contrary And a Grant of one Jews debt to another and power to levy it notwithstanding any former pardons and releases thereof In the Plea Rolls of Hilary Term Anno 52 H. 3. in the Treasury of the Exchequer theie are several Legal suits and proceedings before the Justices of the Jews in the Exchequer some whereof I shall transcribe Decanus et Capitulus Linc. per suum attornatum opt se 4 die versus Mosseum de Warwic de Placito quod injustè ab eis exigit debitum per quandam cartam falsam et contra Assisam Iudaismi confectam ut dicunt et ipse non venit Et praeceptum fuit Constabulario quod ipsum attachiari faciat ita quod haberet corpus ejus coram Justiciariis c. Upon which the Constable returned Quod dictus Mosseus Non est inventus c. Et similiter praeceptum est Vicecomiti Linc. quod attachiari faciat â— In this Roll there are divers Actions against Jews De placito acquietationis debiti c. to discharge them of Debts and to deliver up their Charters Pawnes and Morgages pretended to be discharged released pardoned or satisfied Done de Walingford petit versus Henricum Cobbe custodem haeredis et terrarum Nicholai Cuppins medietatem unius Messuagii in parochia Sancti Petri in Winton quae quondam fuit Dyay viri sui unde ipse Dyay vir ipsius ipsam secundum Legem et consuetudinem Iudaismi dotavit c. In the 7th Roll there is a Confirmation of the Kings of certain Debts and Annuities assigned by Hagino Son of Moses a Jew to Adam of Stratton and this ensuing Writ to the Sheriff of Essex and elswhere to discharge one Peter Fitz-Roger of all Debts due to the Jews after proclamation made in the Schools and Synagogues of the Iews two or three Sabbaths and not suing for them within a prefixed time after such Proclamations returned Praeceptum fuit Vicecomiti Essex quod clamari faciat per Scolas Judeorum Colecester per duo vel tria Sabbata si aliquis Judeus vel Judea aliquod Debitum exigere poterit de Rogero filio Petri filii Gilberti de debito suo proprio vel c. tunc essent ad compotum Et
ne Crestien ne lachate sur forfeiture de son chatel et de son heritage Et ensement est purveu par lavant dit Roy et par le consell Sire Edward et des avant dit prodes homes qe nul Gyvu des ore mes ne puse vendre sa dette a Crestien si il ne eyt primes le conge le Roy. Et si Crestien la chate par le conge le Roy rien ne pusse plus aver ke le Roy ne averoit si la dette eust en sa mein ceo est a saver le chatel qe est troue en chartre saunz Usure This Ordinance within few months after Anno 54 H. 3. was commanded to be put in execution by this writ to the Barons of the Exchequer which thus recites it Rex Baron de Scac. salutem Quia provisum est per. Nos et Edwardum Primogenitum nostrum et alios fideles de consilio nostro ad meliorationem status terrae nostrae et ad relevationem Christianorum a gravaminibus quae hactenus habuerunt per Judeos et Judaismum nostrum Angliae Quod omnia debita Judeorum quae sunt feoda et quae die Sancti Hillarii An. r. n. 53. fuerunt in manibus Judeorum et quae non fuerunt data et vendita Christianis ita quod ante diem illum essent confirmata per nos vel irrotulata in Rotulis nostris ad Scac. nostrum Judeorum quieta sint Christianis qui ea debent et eorum heredibus imperpetuum una cum arreragiis eorundem debitorum et quod Chartae de hujusmodi feodis ubicunque erunt inventae sint liberatae Christianis qui talia feoda debent vel eorum heredibus et quod si forte aliqua hujusmodi Carta sit inventa in Archa Cyrogr. vel extra amodo nullius sit valoris Et quod nullus Judeus a predicto die inantea talia debita de feodo recipiat vel faciat Et similiter quod nullus Judeus talia feoda Christianis vendat a predicto tempore super forisfacturam vitae suae et catallorum ipsius nec Christianus ea emat super forisfacturam catallorum ipsius et suae haereditatis Vobis mandamus quod omnia Cyrographa super hujusmodi feodis per quoscunque confecta coram vobis ad Scac. nostrum venire faciatis et ea quae ante praedict diem Sancti Hillarii non fuerunt per nos confirmata nec in rotulis nostris ad Scac. nostrum Judeorum irrotulata prout superius est expressum cancellari faciatis et creditoribus vel eorum haeredibus quieta reddatis T. R. apud Westm 14 die Maii. The later part of this Ordinance here omitted against selling debts without license is frequently recited in special Licenses granted by the King to Jews to sell their debts the very next year after its making and proved very gainfull to the King and his Officers Rex omnibus c. salutem Cum nuper de consilio Edwardi primogeniti nostri et aliorum fidelium regni nostri in praesentia nostra provisum esset quod nullus Judeus debitum aliquod quod sibi a Cristiano debetur alicui vendere possit ni si prius a nobis optenta super hoc licentia speciali et si Christianus aliquis debitum hujusmodi de licentia nostra emat nihil plus inde habeat quam nos haberemus si debitum illud esset in manu nostra viz. Catallum quod inventum est in Carta inde confecta SINE USURA Nos Jacobo fil Mosse Iudeo Oxon dedimus licentiam vendendi Galf. de Lukenore debitum illud in quo Laur. de Cheleston eidem Iudeo tenetur per cartam suam Et etiam idem Galfredo dedimus licentiam emendi idem debitum à praefat Judaeo in forma provisionis supradictae In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 7. die Maii. Claus 54 H. 3. m. 10. in sc ed. there is a writ to discharge some debts of the King out of the estate of a deceased Iew directed to the Iustices assigned for their custody In the Patent Rolls of this year I find this recital of the Kings grant of Aaron a Jew to his Sonne Edmond and of Edmonds grant and infranchisement of Aaron and the Kings confirmation thereof Omnibus c. salutem Inspeximus Cartam quam Edmundus fil noster fecit Aaron fil Vynes in haec verba Omnibus praesentem cartam visuris vel audituris Edmundus illustris Regis Angliae filius salutem Cum Dom. Rex pater noster dederit et concesserit Nobis Aaron fil Vynes Iudeum cum omnibus bonis debitis catallis suis liberam et quietam de omnibus Tallagiis auxiliis prestitis et demanmandis quibuscunque ita quod eum cum omnibus bonis catallis suis habeamus et teneamus cum omnibus libertatibus legibus et consuetudinibus Iudaismi Angliae prout hujusmodi concessio in praedicti patris nostri carta super hoc confecta plenius continetur Nos eidem Aaron Iudeo specialem gratiam facere volentes ipsum cum omnibus bonis debitis et catallis suis tenore praesentium donavimus libertati concedentes eidem quod ipse toto tempore vitae suae liber sit de nobis ab omnibus Tallagiis auxiliis prestitis demandis reddend nobis quamdiu vixerit quolibet anno ad festum Pentecost unum par caelcarium deaurator pro omnibus exactionibus demandis In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus apponi Dat. Winton 11 die Augusti Anno Reg. Dom. patr nostr praedicti 54. Nos autem praedictas donationem concessionem c. pro nobis haeredibus nostris quantum in nobis est concedimus et confirmamus sicut carta praedicta rationabiliter testatur T. ut supra Here the King grants a Jews person with all his goods debts and chattels to his Son like an absolute Villain and his Son thus infranchiseth him afterwards by this Charter which the King confirms and is mentioned in 18 E. 1. * hereafter cited This grant of Aaron by his Son is recited in this Patent Roll with this addition Volumus etiam quod idem Aaron habeat Archam ad reponend Cyrogr. sua loco quo in terris ipsius filii nostri moraturus fuerit secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi nostri et quod ministri nostri levari faciant eidem Iudeo debita sua quae ei debentur vel debebuntur de debitoribus suis in regno nostro prout rationabiter monstrare poterit per Cyrogr. sua vel per literas patentes quod ei in debitis illis teneantur prout de jure secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi praedict fuit faciendum I find this Patent of the Kings this year contradicting his Title to a Jews house as escheated to him by his death and ratifying the Jews demise thereof by his last Will. Rex omnibus
habendum et tenendum eidem Judaeo haeredibus suis in perpetuum eidem Judaeo quod praedictum Gardinum ab eadem Auntlera recipere possit tenore praesentium similiter licentiam concedimus specialem Nolentes quod eadem Auntlera vel haeredes sui aut praedictus Iudaeus authaeredes sui ratione venditionis seu recepitionis Gardini praedicti per nos vel haeredes nostros Justiciarios Ballivos aut alios Ministros nostros occasionentur gravantur in aliquo seu molestantur In cujus c T. R. apud West 17. die Junii The like Patent I find to Aaron the Kings Brothers Jew â—orementioned to sell his house and rents in fee to any Christian who should purchase them by his Lords license even after the Edict past and Letters of safe conduct granted for the Jews banishment and departure hence as appears by comparing their dates Rex omnibus c. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus licentiam dedimus Aaron fil Vynes Judaeo Edmundi fratris nostri carissimi quod ipse domos et redditus suos tam infra Civitatem nostram London quam infra Regnum nostrum de licentia voluntate praedicti fratris nostri Domini sui vendere possit upon his banishment hence quibuscunque Christiaenis voluerit absque impedimento nostri vel aliorum nostrorum quorumcunque eisdem Christianis quod domâ—s illas redditus ab eodem Iudaeo emere valeant similiter licentiamconcedimus specialem jure cujuslibet in omnibus semper salvo In cujus c T. R. apud Langeleye 28 die Julii After the date is the Letters for the Jews safe conduct out of England to the Sheriffs It is very observable that these three last Patents were made but a very little before and the last of them clearly after the Jews universal banishment voted resolved both by the King and Parliament For when as the King his Justices and Parliament by all their Inquisitions Commissions Care Providence and Execution of so many Jews in all parts could no ways suppresse their clipping and falsifying of the Money of the Realme nor yet reforme the manifold other wickednesse and misdemeanors of the English Jewes nor all the industry and pains of the Friers Preachers nor all that liberal provisions and grants of the King forecited to the House of Converts for their comfortable support maintenance and confirmation in the Christian faith so far operate upon their obstinate obdurate hearts as to convert any considerable number or any persons of note amongst them to the Christian faith from which many Converts apostatized nor yet suppresse their continual blasphemies against our crucified Saviour the Christian faith Sacraments of the Church and blessed Virgin Thereupon the King at the earnest frequent solicitation of the Commons assembled this year in Parliament after the Feast of St. Hilary enacted published an Edict or Decree in Parliament for the total universal and final banishment of all these wicked blasphemous unbeleeving Jews out of England then generally execrable detestable to all the people who were so desirous to be for ever quit of their company that they granted the King the 15 part of all their goods and moveables for their banishment and expulsion out of England as I have formerly proved at large by a full grand Jury of Historians and several Records in my former Demurrer against Sir Edward Cooks grosse assertion that they only voluntarily banished themselves because their usury was this year suppressed by the Stat. de Iudaismo which I have proved was made full 15 years before to be no cause at all of their exile now In pursuance of this Parliamentary Edict Decree now no where extant on Record all the Parliament Rolls before 5 Ed. 2. being wholly lost and many since by the carelessenesse or iniquity of the times except only an old Parchment Book of some Pleas in Parliam in E. 1 one Statute Roll of K. Ed. the 1. Ed. 2. and Ed. 3. wherein the Statute De Iudaismo with many other printed Acts are not to be found no more than this Edict for the Jews banishment though mentioned in many Histories and Records the King in this very moneth of Iuly sent several Writs Letters and Patents to the Sheriffs of Counties Mayors of Towns Bayliffs and Barons of the Cinqueports and likwise to Mariners reciting that he had prescrib'd a certain time term day to all and every of the Iews within the Realm for their departure out of it into forraign parts commanding them not to doe nor suffer any injury molestation grievance to be done to them by any in their passage beyond the Seas for which he had given them safe conduct but to grant them their wives and children a safe and speedy passage within the time prefixed them at the Jews own costs paying reasonable rates for their freights and passage without immoderate exactions especially on the poorer sort of them lest their passage should be hindred by such immoderate and unreasonable exactions I shall transcribe these Writs and Letters at large out of the Records themselves as most pertinent to my intended Theame beginning with those to Sheriffs Rex Vic Gloucestriae c. Cum Iudaeis Regni nostri universis certum tempus praefixerimus a Regno illo Transfretanoi Nolentes quod ipsi per Ministros nostro aut alios quoscunque aliter quam fieri consuevit indebite pertrectentur Tibi praecipimus quod per totam Ballivam tuam publicè proclamari et firmiter inhiberi facias ne quis eis intra terminum praedictum injuriam molestiam dampnum inferat seu gravamen Et cum contingat ipsos cum catallis suis quae eis concessimus versus partes London causa Transfretrationis suae dirigere gressus suos salvum securum conductum eis habere facias sumptibus eorum Proviso quod Iudaei praedicti ante recessum suum vadia Christianorum quae penes se habent illis quorum fuerint si ea acquietare voluerint restituant ut tenentur Teste Rege apud Westm 18 die Iulii Anno 18. E. 1. Consimiles Literae diriguntur Vicecomitibus Essex Ebor. Northampt. Lincoln Teste ut supra Item Vicecomitibus Hereford Suthampt. The form of the Letters for protection and safe conduct to particular Jews and their Families which the richer sort of Jews purchased at dear rates was this Rex Majoti et Ballivis Eborum salutem Quia certum diem praefixerimus Iudaeis nostris Angliae regnum nostrum exeundi et â—e ad partes alias transferendi Vobis mandamus quod Bonamico Judaeo Eborum uxori pueris vel familiae suae in personis aut rebus interim nullam molesâ—iam inferatis set ipsos quantum in vobis est manuteneatis protegatis et defendatis Et cum idem Bonamicus cum uxore pueris et familia sua post Terminum Proclamationis factae de vadiis Christianorum acquietandis ad partes maritimas causa transfretandi divertere
Custodes Rotulorum praedictorum in dicta Domo Conversorum et Custodes illos ponendi in possessionem ejusdem cum suis juribus et pertinentiis quibuscunque In cujus c. T. Rege apud Shene x. die Aprilis Per Breve de privato Sigillo Since which by vertue of this Patent this house of the Converts hath continued annexed to the Custos and Mastership ol the Rolls of the Chancery yet still liable and subject to the first charitable uses for habitation and sustentation of such Jewish and other Converts to which it was at first designed For which I shall now only recite one president more already printed by John Stow out of the Records of 5 R. 2. One William Pierce a Jew that became a Christian and was baptized was by this Kings Charter in the 5th of his reign admitted and received into this ancient Domus Conversorum and had there 2 d. a day allowed him by the King during his life And by the self-same Equity if the Jews be now readmitted into England and any of them shall chance to be converted to Christianity and baptized either upon real or hypocritical or politick grounds they ought to be there received and maintained in the self-same manner as they were in former times I have now courteous Reader presented thee and the world with the exactest Chronicle and History of the English Iews from the 1. year of King Iohn Anno Dom. 1599. till their total and final banishment hence in the 18 year of Edward the 1. Anno Dom. 1290 and some years after it hitherto published in any age sincerely collected with no little diligence pains search and cost out of the most excellent Rolls Records of those times yet extant in the Tower and Exchequer all which I diligently perused with mine own eys faithfully transcribed not taking them upon trust as others commonly do and so frequently miscite or mistake them all which Records being diligently entred very year successively under these Kings reigns by publick Clerks and Notaries imployed for that end and faithfully relating every thing concerning the Jews and all other transactions publick or private as they were then really acted are the truest best most unerring guides that posterity can follow the infalliblest evidences they can surely rely on or any Historians make use of in relating the History or proceedings of former ages the ignorance of which Records hath occasioned many mistakes both in matters of fact and Law in most of our Historians Chronicles and Law Books Some whereof relating to the English Jews I have here rectified in the by From all the Records here printed in their own words and language give me leave in brief to observe for thy better information these few general heads concerning the Jews to which they are reducible 1. That though our Kings by their forementioned Charters Writs and Proclamations granted many large Priviledges Protections Immunities to the Jews especially in the beginning of their reigns as if they were their only favourites and darlings above all other of their Subjects yet these their Royal Protectors and their Justices specially appointed for their custody soon after notwithstanding all their former Charters Declarations and promised Liberty Peace Protection proved their most unsatiable merciless perfidious tyrannical Exactors Fleecers Oppressors Taxmasters Tormentors almost without any intermission in one kind or other 2 That the Jews under all these Kings reigns notwithstanding all their indulged Liberties were but their most absolute Bondslaves and exquisite Villains in all respects as these particulars will evidence First their names were all inrolled in the Kings Exchequer for the Jews and they confined to live and abide only in such places as the King and his Justices assigned for their custody should prescribe them from which they might not remove without special license 2ly They were to be there constantly resident that the Kings Officers might there finde both them and their families upon all occasions 3ly They were translated from place to place at the Kings pleasure and permitted to reside in no place but where they had a common chest 4ly Their persons wives children infants families were imprisoned distrained sent to remote Prisons Castles banished executed tormented put to fines and ransoms upon all occasions especially for their Taxes and Debts to the King 5ly They were both by poll and wholesale granted and sold to others like Bondslaves and Villains in grosse by the King and morgaged to those who would purchase them or advance any monies upon their assignment 6ly They were alwayes to wear a badge and Table on their outmost garments as well females as males whereever they rod or went to distinguish them from Christians with whom they were to have no intimate communion who were prohibited to be servants nurses to any of the Jews in any kind and were all of them to be slaves and servants to the King in one kinde or other 7ly They were all prohibited to depart the Realm when once entred without special licence which they could not obtain and imprisoned yea put to fines and ransoms when they attempted it to avoid their Taxes Such was their Vassallage in respect of their persons As for their real and personal estates they were wholly at the Kings disposal First the King could seise all their Lands Houses Rents Annuities Fees Morgages Debts Goods Chattels gold silver and sell grant release give them unto whom he pleased at his pleasure 2ly All their real and personal estates chattels debts escheated to the King upon their deaths neither could their children wives heirs executors enjoy them without making Fines reliefs and compositions with the King for them at high rates 3ly They could not sue for any debt morgage house fee duty nor assign grant sell give release them unto others without the Kings special license for which they paid such fines as he thought fit to impose 4ly The King could stay their actions debts usury respite them for what time he pleased order them to be paid at other Terms and by other summes than those expressed in their charters and obligations and finally pardon release them and deliver up their Charters to their Debtors when and where he pleased 5ly The King seised searched inrolled sealed up all their publick Chests Charters Writings Debts Goods Chattels Estates and disposed of them to his own use upon all occasions notwithstanding all Grants and Charters to them and appointed all their Judges Officers Cyrographers Cofferers Escheators Presbyters Priests and Tallagers at his pleasure yea inforced them to tax distrain imprison one another under pain of perpetual imprisonment banishment confiscation of all their estates and the severest penalties as the premised Records assure us 3ly They alwayes lived under uncessant perpetual arbitrary unsupportable Taxes and Tallages imposed on them without any act of Parliament or their common assents by our Kings and their griping Officers at what rates soever they pleased sometimes 5000. or 6000. somtimes 20000. 60000
Records will furnish industrious Lawyers with such rare usefull materials of all sorts for the publike service of their Native country upon all emergent occasions the benefit information of their clyents the honour of their profession and their own reputation advancement profit as will enable them to outshine all others of their robe unversed in the Records as far as the Sun and Moon outshine the lesser stars which lose all their borrowed splendor when they once appear in place Witnesse Mr. Noy Mr. Selden Mr. Littleton and some other Lawyers of late times whose real and I shall cloâ—e up all with some Scripture-Texts discovering the excellent use benefit of old Records and what â—igh esteem the wisest Kings in the Old and Paul himself in the New Testament had of them The first Text I shall cite gives 〈◊〉 a true character of the Jews seditions carriage then manifested by Records Exra 4. 14 15. Now because we are salted with the Salt of the Palace and it was not meet for us to see the Kings dishonour therefore have we sent and certified the â—ing that search may be made in the Books of Records of thy fathers so shalt thou find in the Book of the Records and know that this City is a Rebellious City and 〈◊〉 unto Kings and Provinces and they have moved sedition within the same of old times for which cause was the city destroyed which appeared true upon search made in the Records vers 19. 20. Esther 6. 1. On that right could not the King sleep and he commanded to bring the Book of Kecords of the Chronicles and they were 〈…〉 the King Neh. 12. 22 23. The Levites in the days of Eliashib Joiada c. were recorded chief of the Fathers also the Priests to the reign of 〈◊〉 the Persian The Soâ—â— of Levâ— the chief of the Fathers were recorded in the Books of Chronicles c. 〈…〉 When thou comest bring with thee the books but especially the Parchments which the 〈◊〉 Translators 〈◊〉 Membranas 〈◊〉 Parchment Rolls Upon which words Theodoret Oecumeâ—us and others thus comment Maxime Membranas Membranâ—s Latina magis voce volumina sive Chartas volubiles appellâ—â—â— la complicatis enim involutis Chartis habebant olim quae ad divinam spectant Scripturam Quemadmoâ—um etiam 〈…〉 Iudaei plurima habent If then all our parchment Membranaes Rolls Records must be burnt Hugh Peters and his good Magistrate to accomplish this good Work must first burn the old original parchment Membranaes Rolls of the Old and New Testament the ancientest of all others which St. Paul was so carefull to preserve and then those of the Kingdom next And whether this will be a Good or christian work for a Good or christian Magistrate or Minister let all sober men resolve seeing it will totally deprive us of all sacred all civil Antiquities and Records and be matter of greatest rejoycing advantage to our common Romish Enemies and the Jesuites the original projectors of this infernal â—esuitical designe and practice as Ludovicus Lucius Hist Iesuiticae l. 1. c. 6. p. 144. manifests records What therefore our Saviour himself concludes of old Wine that will all learned discreet sage men determine of our good old English Laws Liberties Records compared with Hugh Peters and others New Models Instruments papers relating to the publike Lu. 5. 39. No man having drunk Old Wine streightway desireth New for he saith the Old is better FINIS Errata and Omissions KInd Reader Take notice that the â—ecords of Edw. 1. being transcribed before the later of King John and those of Henry the 3d. and printed at guess before them they amounting to above double the sheets conjectured thereupon from C. p. 13. to H. p. 53. the folioes only are figured and some sheets altogether without figures Wherefore I shall desire thee to page them all with thy pen from p. 13. to p. 53. that so thou maist the better correct those few Errataes which have escaped the Press in some Copies here noted as if they had all been paged in order In the Epistle p. 2. l. 27. read Endeavorer In the Book p. 3. l. 32. Priesthood r. 〈…〉 p. 11. l. 33. together p. 13. l. 6. preceding p. 16. l. 1. 〈◊〉 in l. 14. Statutes p. 18. l. 30. thus p. 20. l. 3. Franket p. 24. l. 13. placia p. 25. l. 32. lucro p. 27. l. 37. r. victualia et si quem inveneritis quae deneget eis victualia c. p. 34. l. 36. I find p. 37. l. 10. reddendam p. 28. l. 36. but then p. 43. l. 1. Jews Chattels p. 44. l. 37. â—erminis p 49. l. 14. marcar p. 52. l. 28. goods r. bonds p. 68. l. 15. r. nisi in l. 21. solum folutis p. 75. l 5. intersit p. 76. l. 18. execuâ—us l. 33. names too p. 81. l. 1. priestly Office only p. 83 l. 1. dele as p. 90. l. 2. earundem p. 97. l. 11. falvos p. 102. l. 1. quam aliunde p. 104. l. 4. there p. 108. l. 7. the Jews p. 119. l. 8. quaerelis p. 122. l. 3. pro per Now follow the Errata after H. as the pages are printed p. 54. l. 17. r. de p. 55. l. 20. r. Iudaei in l. 23. quidam p. 54. l. 13. exequuntur p. 64. l 10. 23. r. 53. p. 65 l. 37. mandatum p. 82. l. 19. indictati l. 21. â—â—â—â—ecerunt l. 27. in r. nec l. 33. r. Judaeis metum p. 92. l. 29. continue p. 94. l. 9. Edâ—nono l. 28. conversi p. 105. l. 18. alio l. 31. and as p. 108. l. 19. recto l. 36. Converts p. 109 l. 1. fidelibus p. 110. l. 19. in the of his p. 114. l. 22. ipsis l. 10. dele et p. 115. l. 19. causa ausa p. 116. l. 30. competentur p. 196. l. 19. dele Law Margin p. 36. 1. Claus 19 H. 3. p. 41. l. 1. r. 20 H. 3. p. 43. l. 7. r. Claus 25 H. 3. p. 114. l. 1. Claus 53. H. 3. H. 3. p. 89. l. 6. Conversorum * Page 35 36 37 38 40 41. * Page 19 20 21 22 41. a Pars 2. Pat. 1. E. 2. n 10 Walsingh Hist Ang. p. 68. to 76. 97. to 108. Ypodigm Neustriae p. 100 104 105. 108. c. Grafton Fabian Speed Holinshed Stow Daniel Baker in Ed. 2. Claus 5. E. 2. m. 15. et Dors 7. claus 15. E. 2. m. 24. 14. Sched Dors 32. b Rot. chart part 1. R. Johan n. 28. Chart. 171. c In his Pilgrimage Edit 3. 1617 l. 2. c. 10. sect 7. p. 172. In his Pilgrims l. 9. c. 5. sect 1. p. 1441. in the Margin d 2 Instit p. 508. e A short Demurrer p. 1. to 16. f Chart. 1 Johannis pars 1. n. 50 rot 28. g A short Demurrer p. 2 3. h Cart. 2. Johannis num 49. Carta Judaeorum Angliae i Cart. 2. Johannis n. 53. Confirmatio Judaeorum de Libertatibus suis * Annal pars Post. p.