similiter tenementum suum in perpetuum videlicet illud quod tam temere contra praeceptum nostrum obligaverit amittat Teste Rege apud Certes 1 die Sept. The same year Mandatum est Vic. Buck. quod non permittat quod aliquis Judaeus de caetero maneat in villa de VVeycumbe sed Iudaeos qui ibidem sunt manentes sine dilatione amoveri fac et maneant in aliis villis in quibus prius manere consueverant T. R. apud Herwic 28 die Novemb. This year I find this notable proclamation Mandatum est Vicecomiti Norf. et Suff. quod in Civitate de Norwic. et singulis bonis villis Com. suorum clamari faciat quod nulla faemina Christiana de caetero serviat Iudaeis ad alendos puerulos suos vel in aliquo alio officio Teste R. apud VVestm 20 die Ian. per ipsum regem Vrsilla filia Hamonis de Hereford Judaei pays a fine of 5000 marks pro habendis terris domibus et omnibus debitis et caâ—allis quae fuerunt praedict Hamonis to be paid at certain days Such Fines of Iews to enjoy their fathers houses and chattels are frequent in the Fine Rolls Isaac a Jew was this year fined 100l de pluribus transgressionibus de quibus convictus fuit coram Justic Dom. Reg. ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis In this year also the King discharged Aaron a Jew of York from all Tallages whatsoever during his life paying annually into his Exchequer one hundred marks yearly at two terms for his exemption Rex omnibus ad quos presentes litterae perveniunt salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Aaron de Ebor. Judaeo quod ipse toto tempore vitae suae quietus sit de Taâ—lagio reddendo per annum ad Scac nostrum Cent. marc ad duos terminos scil 50 mar ad fest Pasch et 50 marc ad festum Sancti Michis Ita quod de debitis quae nobis debuit de quibus finem fecit nobiscum reddend per annum ad Scac. nostrum cent solidos quietus erit per praedict 100 mar an In cujus c. T. R. apud Suthan 13 die Feb. Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudeorum per literas clausas quod ita fieri et irrotulari faciant VVhich exemption is frequently mentioned and ratified afterwards and yet availed him very little as I have elsewhere manifested out of Mat. Paris Aaron de York to pay 100 marks per an to the Kings Exchequer to be free from taxes during all his life In 20 H. 3. I find this pardon of Usury due to a Jew by the King Rex pardonavit Roberto de Peâ—tiling totam usuram debitorum quibus tenetur Isaac Judaeo Nottingh et Benedicto Judaeo Warwic salva praedictis Judaeis â—orte predict debitorum Et mandatum est Justiciariis ad custod Judaeorum assignatis quod de usura praedicta ipsum Robertum quietum esse et ad sortem eorundem debitorum praedict Judaeis redendam eidem Roberto rationabiles terminos habere faciant T. Rege apud Winton 10 die Iunii This year the Inhabitants of Suthampton being weary of the Jews company who intruded themselves into the Town procured this grant from the King to be quit of them unlesse by special command for the future Rex concessit Burgensibus suis Suthampton quod nullus Iudaeus de caetero maneat apud Suthampton sine speciali praecepto Regis Et mandat est Iusticiariis ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod illinc nullum Iudaeum mittant ad manendum ibi nec aliquem ibi remanere permittant sine speciali praecepto Regis T. Rege apud Winton 21 die Iunii I conceive all corporations in England will be as unwilling to entertain any Iews now to dwell amongst them as the Inhabitants of Suthampton and those of Newcastle and Wickham forementioned were to receive them in that age In this year I find one Iew extending the lands of another Iew for a debt by this VVrit to their Iustices for that end Mandatum est Iustic ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod per Sacramentnm proborum et legalium hominum extendi faciant Domos et terras Aaronis Benedicti Suthampton in Suthampt. et in la Hull videlicet quantum valeant per annum in dominicis redditibâ—s serviciis villenag et omnibus aliis exitibus et fac extendi praedict eidem Aaroni rationabilem finem et rationabiles terminos habere fac ad debita in quibus tenetur David Iudaeo Oxon. et Deuleben fil Ursel Iudaeo Winton secundum valorem praedictar domorum et terrarum eâ— quantitatem praedictorum debitorâ—◠〈◊〉 quod iâ—tâ—rim cessent usurae which here one Jew took of another T. R. apud Winton 11 die Jun. Hen. the 3 in the 21 year of his reign granted the Presbytery of all the Jews of England which I conceive to be rather the Custos Rotulorum or Controlers place in the Kings Exchequer of the Jews than the Priestly function as this Record attests Mandatum â—st Iusticiaâ— iis ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis Quod Rex concessit Aaron Iudaeo Ebor. Presbyteratum omnium Iudaeorum Angliae cum omnibus pertinentiis suis tenendum tota vita sua Et quotiens Aaron intendere non possit ad sedend ad Scaccarium Regis ad officium illud therefore certainly it was a temporal office in the Kings Exchequer not an Ecclesiastical Priesthood in the Jewish Synagogues Ioceu fil Copin loco suo recipiat ad ea facienda ad Scaccarium regis quae ad officium illud pertinent therefore a temporal office only to be executed in the Exchequer and that by Deputy as well as in proper person which the Jewish High Priesthood could not be Rotulos etiam qui fuerunt Jocâ—i Presbyteri praedecessoris sui â—his Office therefore was to keep the Rolls as Comptroler eidem Aaron vel praedicto attornato suo habere faciant T. Rege apud Clarendon 29 die September Which record together with that of Claus 27 H. 3. â—ars 2. m. 3. hereafter cited doth most fully convince me upon second thoughts that the Presbyteratus omnium Iudâ—orum totius Angliae granted by King Iohn's Charter forementioned in the 1 year of his reign to Iacob the London Jew was not an ecclesiastical high Priesthood Episâ—opacy or Priestly Aaronical Function but exercised over all the English Jews in their Synagogues as Sir Edward Coook Mâ— Selden Mr. Purâ—has Dr. Fuller and others generally assert as a thing beyond disspute whose venerable Authorities at first induced me to that opinion but a meer secular Office in the Kings Exchequer of the Jews to keep the Rolls of Comptroll which this Aaron had now granted to him in the self-same words as are used in King Iohns Charter and his Predecestors before and successors after him enjoyned by like Charters from the K. A thing now clear to me upon consideration that the Jewish
Johis Baptistae ad Iusticiam de ipsis faciendam Quia mandat est Iustic illis quod una cum t is ad hoc intendant Also Rex pardonavit Tho. de Pulton 8 lib. quas idem T. debet Mosseo Crespin Iudeo una cum omnibus usuris quae inde proveniant postquam eas ab eodem Iudaeo mutuaverat Et mandat est Baron de Scac. quod ipsum inde quietum esse et cartam suam pro praedicto debito impignoratam eidem Iudeo deliberari fac Et mandatum est Edwardo fil Odonis quod totam pecuniam suam quam rex eidem Tho. donat pro domibus suis occasione praedict debiti arrestatam ei deliberantur The King this year imposed a Tax of sixty thousand marks upon the Jews as appears by these seisures of their debts towards the payment thereof Mandat est Ed. fil Odonis c. quod solvat ad Scac. Regis 23 l. 5 s. 8 d. quas Tho. de Pulton debet Mossâ—o Crespin Iudeo in parte solutionis debitorum quae idem Iudeus reddere tenebatnr ad Pasche proximo preterit de portione tallag 60 mil. marc eundem Jud. contingent T. R. apud Wind. 4 die Iunii It seems part of this Tax or another was payable the next year by this Mandate Mandatum est Iusticiar ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod non distringant aut distringi permittant Aaron fil Abraham de tallagio 10 millium marc de termino sancti Michis An. r. n. 31 nisi pro 53 marc et dimid ipsi inde de eodem termino contingent T. R. apud Winds 23. die Augusti These tallages were usually imposed on the Jews in their absence being not privy thereto unlesse specially admitted as appears by this Record concerning the Iews of Canterbury who gave the King half a mark of gold that one of them might be present at the imposing of the next tax Quia Iudei Cantuarii dederunt dimid marc auri quam Regi prae manibus reddiderunt pro eo quod concederet eis quod unus Iudeus ejusdem villae Cantuar. intersit tallagio assidendo quod assideri debet apud Northamp Mandatum est Iusticiaris ad custod Iudeorum assignatis quod unam ex ipsis ad hoc eligi et dicto tallagio assidendo interesse faciant T. R. apud Feversham 20 die April Amongst the records in the Treasury of Receipts in the Exchequer I find this Inter Placita et Assis capt apud Northampton in crast Nativ Sancti Iohan. Baptistae Anno Regis Henrici c. 23. coram Rogero de Thâ—rkelby et sociis suis rot 38. Ivo fil Abraham de Stanford Iudeu rectatus de retonsura denariorum venit et dat Domino Regi 20s quod possit esse sub placito respondend ad preceptum Dom. Regis Plâ—gii sui Solomon fil Sancho fil Isaac Benioy fil Aaron de Stanford Whether he were condemned or acquitted for this his clipping of money for which he was then bailed I find not on Record In the 32 year of Henry the 3. I meet with these Records concerning the Jews Rex mandavit Justic ad custodiam Judaeorum assign quod non distringant vel distringi permittant Aaron fil Abrahami de Tallagio 60 millium marc pro duobus milibus marc de termino sancti Michis anno 32. nisi pro quinquaginta et tribus marcis et dimid ipsum inde de eodem termino contingentibus sicut ipse talliatus fuit ad pasch proximo preteritum Et si sorte ipsum ad plus talliaverint illud relaxari et super communitatem Judeorum assidi faciant Teste Rege apud Farendon 29 die Augugusti By which it appears the Jews were taxed at sixty thousand marks in this one year A vast sum in those dayes The same year the King grants respestum de quibuslibet veteribus debitis Iudei c. Particularly Rex dedit respectum Aaron Judeo Ebor. de centum libris quas Regi solvisse debuit ad scac Pasch anno regni Regis 32. usque ad quindenam paschae sancti Iohannis Baptistae anno eodem et mandatum est Baronibus de Scaccario quod respectum illum ei habere faciant T. R. apud Rading 17 die Maii. There is this record this year concerning the Jews of Canterbury Iudei Cantebr liberaverunt in Garderoba regis apud sanctum Edmundum die Lunae prox post cineres quinque Marc. de quibus praedicti Judei promiserunt regi respiciendas in adventu regis apud Cantebr Et mandat est Justic ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod pro predictis quinque marc ipsos Judeos non distringant Teste Rege apud Windesor primo die Maii. Mandar est c. quod distringi faciant terras quae fuerunt Mathei Peverel c. for a debt due to a Jew and to others to answer a debt to Aaron the Jew In the 33 of H. 3. I find these records concerning the Jews An Extent of Robert de Muntenay in Littlebar of a Jews land per Sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum extendi fac c. The King himself in that age appointed the Jews Bayliffs in the Eschequer as is evident by this record Mandatum est Justic ad custodiam Judeorum assign quod non permittant quod aliquis Judeus habeat aliquam Ballivam ad Scacc. Judeorum praeter Jacobum Episcopum Abrah fil Vines et Jacob fil Flurye et si Elyas Episcopus qui prius fuit ad dictum Scac. resideat ad idem Scac. per preceptum Regis tunc Rex vult quod recipiant Aaron fil Abraham tanquam socium suum T. R. apud Westm xi die Julii anno c. The King then likewise appointed the Clerks of the Jews Exchequer and the Cirographers of their publick Chests as this record doth manifest Rex vult quod Abraham fil Vines sit clericus Regis in Scac. suo Iudeorum et quod sit Cyrograph Archae Regis Cyrograforum Iudaeorum apud London loco Abrahamae fil Muriell Et ideo mandatum est Justic. ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod acceptis ab eodem Abrahamo fil Vines sufficientibus plegiis de fidelitate ipsum ad praemissa Officia admittant et clavem Archae Cirographorum quam Abraham fil Muriel habet eidem liberari faciant T. R. apud Westm xxix die Junii Rex vult quod Aaron fil Abraham Iudeus London resideat ad Scaccarium Regis Iudeorum tanquam Vines c. ut supra T. R. apud Winton 26 die Maii. The same year I find an Extent of John of Coniz of Brewineston his Land for a Debt to a Jew per sacram proborum et legalium hominum extendi fac c. T. R. apud VVestm 9 die Maii. The same year Aaron of Yorke agreed again with the King to pay a certain Tax to him yearly expressed in this Patent Rex omnibus
Vicecomiti mandatur tam Litera Latina quam Hebraica quod nullus Judeus vel Judea aliquod Debitum exiget de predicto Rogero c. Eodem modo praeceptum fuit Constabulario Castri Norwic. and others by writs both in Latin and Hebrew and the certificate returned upon these writs was made both in Latine and Hebrew The usual form in that age in such cases In like manner Praeceptum fuit Constabulario Turris London quod clamari faciat per Scolas Judaeorum London per duo vel tria Sabbata si aliquis Iudeus vel Iudea aliquod Debitum exigere poterit c. that then they should come in ad computandum c. and the returns of them are in Hebrew and Latin In the same Roll there is a recital of a Charter made by the King dilecto fratri et fideli nostro Willielmo de Valence et haeredibus vel assignatis of an Annuity of 50 marks yearly wherein Peter Fitz Matthew was bound to Aaron ben Abraham a Iew of London usque in finem saeculi the usual form of the Iews charters in cases of fee simple which Annuity the Iew had given to the King In the end of the Charter the King warrants the gift Secundam Assisam Iudaismi In the dorse of the same Roll there is a Confirmation by the King of an Assignment of Annuities Debts to William Charls by Sampson Son of le Mestre a Jew and a VVrit Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis to inroll the Patent dated ad Clarendon with divers other writs of that nature In the 8 Roll * of the Pleas that year there is this writ to the Sheriff Henricus Dei gratia c. Vicecomiti Essex salutem Constat Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis per inspectionem Rotulorum de Scaccario nostro scilicet quod Aaron filius Duessad vendidit et demisit dilecto et fideli nostro G. de Clare Com. Glouc. et Hereford unum debitum de 20 l. de feodo sub nomine Willielmi de Bernham et Magistri Elye Iudei together with other Debts c. Et quod praedictus Aaron habuit seisinam per praeceptum nostrum de terris tenementis quae fuerunt praedictorum VVillielmi et Roberti another of the Debtors in Borham pro debitis praedictis quam quidam seisinam praefatus Comes habuit per praeceptum nostrum occasione venditionis praedictae de terris et tenementis praedictis Ac postmodum Iohanna quae fuit uxor Will. de Berneham et Iohannes Anger in Curia nostra coram Nobis recuperaverunt seisinam de praedictis terris tenementis per Judicium Curiae nostrae praedictae Et quia eadem seisina sic prefatis Iohannae et Iohanni adjudicata c. nihil debet praejudicare predicto Comiti quin secundum Assisam et Consuetudinem Judaismi nostri habeat talem seisinam de terris et tenetis praedictis qualem prius habuit occasione dictorum debitorum ut predictum est Tibi praecipimus quod seisinam quam praefatus Comes prius habuit de terris et tenementis predictis eidem rehabere facias c. In the same Roll there is this Inquisition made upon the Murder of a Jew slain at Oxford Praeceptum fuit Constabulario Castri Oxoniae et Cyrographo Christiano et Judeo Archae Cyrograph ejusdem quod per Sacramentum 12 Iudeorum inquirant quae bona et catalla Iacobus Baseni de Oxon Judeus Oxon interfectus habuit die quo interfectus fuit Eodem modo preceptum est Ballivis Oxon quod per Sacramentum 12 Christianorum inquirant quae catalla dictus Iacobus habuit die quo interfectus fuit c. Which will well explain the Articles in the ancient Eyres and the manner of Inquiry and proceedings thereon De catallis Iudaeorum occisorum c. In the Plea Rolls of the same year and Term there is this record manifesting that all Debts and Stars of converted Jews belonged to the King Iospin fil Solomon de Merlebridge shews to the Court that Iocette his Sister was married to Salom filius Lumbard of Kirkland Et quod ipsa habuit in Archa Cyrogr. Merlebridge unum Cyrographum de 32 marcis sub nomine suo et Hugonis Lovel Rectoris Ecclesiae de Rudburn that Iocette became a convert Christian and then did Solomon alter the Deed in his own name Quae quidem Carta fuit Domini Regis per conversionem praedictae Jocettae et quod hoc totum sit verum obligat omnia bona c. out of spight to his Sister for that she was turned Christian to make her forfeit this debt Et preceptum est Vicecomiti quod venire faciat praedictum Hugonem et Cyrographum Christianum Archae Cyrographorum Merlebrige et 6. Christianos de Merlebrig c. Et postea ipse Iospinus non est prosecutus Ideo omnia catalla dicti Iospini capiantur in manum Domini Regis prout ipse obligavit c. A just requital of his malice Praeceptum fuit Cyrograph Christianis et Iudaeis Archae Cyrogr. Norwic. quod ad Archam accedant c. and there take out 20 l Debt for Edward the Prince due unto him c. Praeceptum est Cyrograph Christian Judeis Archae Cyrogr. Norwic. quod ad Archam praedictam accedant and there take out all the Charters Pawns and Rolls belonging to Abraham a few of Norwich for the Kings use because he had not paid his Tallage of ten pounds to the King Rot. 10 11 and 12. of the Pleas of Hil. 52 H. 3. consist for the most part of Staâ—rs of the Jews some whereof are assignments of Debts and Sales of Annuities by Jews to Adam de Stratton Simon de Zouch and other Christians ratified by the Kings confirmation Others of them releases of Debts by way of Acquittance These Stars usually began thus Solomon de London Judaeus cegnovit per Starrum suum c. In the 53 year of King Henry the 3. a certain Jew abetted by the other Jews in high contempt of Christ crucified in the solemn Procession at Oxford on Ascention day threw down and brake in peeces the Crosse that was carried before the University in Procession and then fled Wherupon by the Kings special command all the in Oxford were apprehended and their goods secured till they out of their own goods and chattels erected a new standing beautifull high Crosse adorned with guilt Pictures of Christ and our Lady in the place where this wickednesse was perpetrated and made another rich portable silver guilded Crosse to be carried before the University of the Masters and Scholars of Oxford in their Processions which were to be made by a time prefixed for the publike manifestation of the honour of God in this behalf as these Records at large inform us though not mentioned by any of our Historians Rex Vic. Oxon. salutem Cum Judaei nostri Oxon. nobis adhuc
Assise of moneys in the 6 year of King Iohn Assisum est de Moneta quod vetus moneta currat unde quelibet libra sit lacta ii s. vi d. ad plus libra quae plus lactaverit denarii qui plus lactaverint perforentur reddantur sicut alias provisum fuit Iudaei vero aurifabri mercatores forinici emant moneta ista victum et vestitum suum tantum sed non debent prestitum vel Merchandizas facere nisi de grossa et forti moneta quae sit de lege pondere denariorum sterlingorum Et ad cognoscendum denar de praedicto lacco exeat a monetaria nostra I. Pempeis liberetur cui voluerit habere habendum usque ad Pentecosten Anno regni nostri 7. de lacco octavae partis denarii Item denarius qui de caetero fuerit scilicet post Natale Anno Regni nostri 6. inventus intonsus in alicujus manu perstietur et ille cujus manu captus fuerit capiatur ut lat Item prohibitum est quod nullus vetus denarius reblangietur et qui eum reblangiaverit sit in misericordia nostra de toto catallo suo et amittat quod reblangiavit Item denarius debet omnis fabricari ita quod sit de equa lege pondere habens circulum exteriorem et quod nil sit extra illum circulum ubi aliter inventus fuerit fabricator et custos ejus sint in misericordia nostra de toto catallo suo Item si quis cambiaverit Denar vel argentum alibi quam ad Cambium nostrum salvo Cambio Domini Cantuariensis Archi Episcopi apud Cant. tam cambiens quam recipiens cum eo quod cambiaverint capiantur Et assisum est quod nullus capiat ad Cambium pro libra de fine et argento plus vel minus quam Denar de lege et quod nullus denarius exeat de Cambio nostro vel Dom Cantuar. nisi sit legalis de Victualorum Itē inquiratur per liberos et legales homines in Civitatibus Burgis Villis quis Christianus vel Judaeus denarretondit et qui inventus fuerit retonsor Christianus vel Judaeus capiantur omnia catalla sua et corpus suum mittatur in prisonam nostram et sit in potestate nostra de Justitia facienda Item si denarii qui non sint rationabiles de lege pondere inventi fuerint in manu Judaei aurifabri vel Mercatoris forinseci vel servientium eorum pro merchandisa vel prestito faciendo assisum est quod illi in quorum manu fuerint inventi nisi tantum ad victum vestitum suum emendo ut praedictum est capiantur T. me-ipso apud Winton 26. die Jan. The same year King Iohn granted this ensuing safe-conduct to one Hamechun a Jew to come and reside in England like other Jews Rex c. Iusticiariis c. Sciatis quod dedimus Hamichuno Judaeo nostro firmam pacem nostram ita quod concessit salvò venire et ibi stare sicut alii Iudai nostri in terram nostram pro bono servicio suo quod nobis fecit in Castro Audel cum dilecto fideli nostro R. Constab Cestriae Et ideo vobis mandamus et firmiter praecipimus quod firmam pacem nostram sicut praedictum est habeat Teste me-ipso apud Westm 2 die Novembr The Jews by Capitula de Iudaeis enacted and published by Rich. the 1 recited at large in my former Demurrer were obliged to register all their Contracts Morgages Obligations Debts and to put them into a common Chest with 3 Locks and Keyes kept by certain Christians and Jewes specially designed for that purpose as you may there read at last This Chest was called Arca Cyrographica or Cyrographorum Iudaeorum and the Notaries or Registers of them stiled Cyrographi Christiani et Iudaei Arcae Cyrographicae London Oxon or other such City where such Chests were kept All their Deeds Obligations and Releases were usually called Stars and Starra Starrum Starr in our Latin Records from the Hebrew word SHETAR contracted by the omission of he which signifieth a Deed or Contract These Stars were written for the most part in Hebrew alone or else in Hebrew on the one side or top of the parchment and in Latin on the other side or bottom of the Deed after the Hebrew Some of these Stars were sately extant amongst the evidences and writings belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster writ in very fair Hebrew Characters and one of them I have lately seen in the Treasury of the Exchequer written in Hebrew without pricks In King Iohns Reign at the Top the substance whereof is thus expressed in Latin just under it lik an English Condition under a Latin Obligation Istud Star fecit Hagius filius Magri de London Domino Ade de Strattona de acquietantia de Stanmore de omnibus debitis in quibus Dominus S de Cheyndut ei tenebatur Ita quod idem Iudaeus nec haeredes sui nihil exigere possunt de praedicto Ade nec de haeredibus suis ratione terrae de Stanmore de praedictis debitis If any Christian indebted and obliged to any Jew by any Star or writing put up reserved in this Chest payed not the same at the day appointed tother with all the interest where any interest was reserved then he sued forth Letters by way of Proces against him both for the Debt and interest under the Notaries or Registers hand to appear before the Iustices specially appointed for the government and custody of the Jews to recover the same paying to the King for a fine for such Letters and Licence to sue unum basantum or besantum as it is variously written for every pound of money he sued for as appears by sundry instances in the fine Rolls both of King Iohn Henry the 3. and Edward the 1. of which we have these 3 instances together in the fines of the 6 year of King Iohns reign Isaac filius Joie habet literas super Martinum Martel de xxv marcis cum lucro per Cirografum Elias de Burgi Judaeus habet literas super eundem Martinum Martel de xx libris cum lucro per Cirografum Manasserus Grassus habet literas super eundem Martinum Martell de xxiiii marcis cum lucro per Cirografum Dominus Rex DEBET HABERE DE QUALIBET LIBRA UNUM BASANTUM And in the same Roll of this year there is one more such president Mosse Judaeus fil Leonis habet literas super VValterum fil Radi de Huncetanosiot de xlviii marc cum lucro per Cirografum Capiatur de qualib libra 1 Besantum ad opus Domini Regis In the Treasury of Receipts in the Exchequer in the xth year of King Iohn there is this Record touching the manner of proving the validity of the Jews Charters if denied or alleaged to be counterfeit by the testimony of
two Christians and two Jews c. according to the forementioned Charter of King Iohn Inter Placita apud VVestm Anno x Regis Johannis Termino Hilarii in Octabis Sancti Hilarii Rotulo 9 in dorso Samuel Mucun Muriel Judaea petunt versus Herebertum filium Heb. CCCCl de Catallis de debito Israel per quandam Cartam et producunt duos Christianos duos Judaeos paratos ad hoc probandum prout Curia consideraverit Herebertus dicit quod Carta illa falsa est ideo falsa quia Sigillum illud nunquam suum fuit nec Cartam illam fecit nec pecuniam illam mutuo recepit producit Sigillum suum Eburneum plurimas Cartas Sigillo illo Sigillatas tam de Abaciis quam de confirmatione terrarum And hereupon I find no further proceedings in this Record printed a little out of its due place before these ensuing proceeding it in time could be transcribed It seems every Jew in that age had his proper Seal to Seal Charters Stars and Obligations therewith which yet were good in Law if really sealed by him though with any other Seal than his own In the 5 year of King Iohn the Jews of London being assaulted disturbed and misused by the people against the Kings protection and peace thereupon the King at their request sent this sharp Letter to the Mayor and Barons of London committing the Jews there to their protection and defence and threatning severely to punish and require their blood at their hands if they should suffer any injury through their default Rex c. Majori Bar. London c. Semper dileximus vos multum jura libertates vestras bene observari fecimus unde credimus vos nos specialiter diligere ea quae ad bonorem nostrum pacem tranquilitatem terrae nostrae eduntur libenter velle prestare Verum cum sciatis quod Judaei in speciali nostra protectione sint miramur quod Iudaeis in civitate London morantibus malum fieri sustinetis cum id manifeste sit contra pacem Regni terrae nostrae tranquilitatem Ita quidem magis miramur et movemur quia alii Iudaei per Angliam ubicunque moram fecerunt exceptis illis qui sunt in villa vestra in bona pace consistunt Nunc id tamen diximus pro Iudaeis nostris pro pace nostra quia si â—uidam tantum pacem nostram dedissemus debetur inviolabiter observari De caetero autem Iudaeos in civitate London morantes vestrae committimus custodiae ut si quis eis malum facere attentaverit vos manu forti eis subsidium facientes eos defendatis Vestris enim manibus eorum sanguinem modo requiremus si forte per defectum vestri aliquid mali eis acciderit quod absit Scimus enim bene quod per fatuos Villae et non per discretos hujusmodi eveniunt et debent discreti fatuorum Stultitiam compescere Teste meipso apud Montem fortem 29 die Julii This smart Letter demonstrates the Kings cordial affection to the Jews though more for his own advantage than theirs In the Fine Rolls of the 6 of King Iohn I find this Kecord Galfr. de Salvage dat 10 Mar. ut Willus de Hardreshal acquietet ipsum versus Jacob. Iudaeum Northampton de plegagia debiti unde pleg Willi. fuit versus eundem Iudaeum et unde queritur quod pro defectu ejus distringitur Et mandat est licent quod si ipse Willus non fuerit et ipse Galfr. ips sect c. In the Clause Rolls of the 7 9 years of K. Iohn I find these 3 short records manifesting the Kings power both to remit their usury due upon contracts and to respite their debts themselves Rex Constabulario Wallingford c. Praecipimus tibi quod pacem habere facias Roberto de Maure de usuris debiti Iudaeorum de termino quem monstrare poterit quod fuerit in servicio nostro cum equis et armis ultra mare per praeceptum nostrum Teste meipso apud Wodestoke 25 die Maii per Iusticiarios Rex W. de Warren et sociis suis c. Mandamus vobis quod quietum esse faciatis Abbatem sanct Radegunde de usuris debitorum Iudaeorum de duobus annis proxime praeteritis usque ad instans Pasche anno reg nostri 9. dum fuit in servicio nostro per praeceptum nostrum Et Summoneatis Iudaeos quibus ipse debita debet quod sint coram Iusticiario nostro G. fil Petri eoram nobis a die Pasche in 15 dies ad recipiendum ab eo finem debitis illis Et mandetis Vicâ—quibus necesse fuerit quod nullam interim districtinem faciant eidem Abbati pro debitis illis reddendis T. G. fil Petri apud Suth 25 die Marcii Rex W. de Warren et sociis suis custodibus Iudaeorum c. Mandamus vobis quod quietum esse faciatis Rogerum Wesperill de usuris debitorum quae debet Simoni Iudeo Oxon. ab hoc inst Pasce anno Reg. nostri 9. usque ad Pasche prox sequent et interim ei respectum habere faciatis de praedict debitis T. Aaron Norwic. apud Clarenden 21 die Marcii per eundem By these 3 Presidents it is apparent that the Jews Usury was condemned and no ways favoured by King Iohn and his Justices in that age long before either the Statute of Merton 20 H. 3. c. 5. or De Iudaismo 3 E. 1. c. 1. were enacted and that the King would by no means permit it to run against any whilst actually imployed in his service nor others whom he favoured to whom he released the Usury at his pleasure and his Judges likewise by his command In the Roll of Fines of the 9 year of King Iohn I find these two cases concerning extents of Lands for the debts of Jews in that age Margareta de Lucy dat quinque marcas pro habenda haereditate de Kerchel et de Hammes quam Robertus de Lucy quondam vir ejus invadiavit Iudaeis in vita sua quod Iudaei capiant se a debito quod idem Robertus eis debuit super praedictum vadium ad haeredem ipsâ—us Roberti qui haereditatem suam tenet Et mandatum est Vicecomiti quod accepta ab ea securitate de praedictis 5 marcis faciat ei habere plenariam seisinam de praedicta haereditate sua quae capta fuit in manum Domini Regis occasione praedicta Et mandatum est Iusticiariis Iudaeorum quod de praedicto debito capiant se ad haereditatem praedicti Roberti quam haeres ejus tenet The husband morgaged his wives inheritance to a Jew for a debt and dies for which the wives lands being taken by way of extent into the Kings hands upon the Wives suit and fine of 5 marks her land is discharged the husbands land descended to his heir charged with and extended for
versus eos inde prosecuturus Et habeas ibi hoc breve T. R. apud Winton 12 die Julii An. 9. coram Justic In the 10 of H. 3. I find this Record conteiniâ—g an agreement with some Jews concerning a Debt which the King commands to be observed because inrolled Mandat est Iustic ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis quod finem quem VVillus de Lancaster fecit coram eis pro Rogero de Leiburn cum Bonefaunt de Glou. Mirabile mater ejus Iudaei and 6 more Jews there named de debito quod ipse Roger eis debuit qui quidem finis irrotulatus est in Rotulo Scac. Iudaeorum ut dicitur sicut recordatus fuit coram ipsis Iusticiariis et irrotulatus teneri faciant T. R. apud Gaytington 17 die Julii Anno R. n. 10. Fines 10. H. 3. m. 9. Respite is given Benedicto Crespen aliis Iudaeis to pay a great debt annually to the King at certain terms by set sums and the Justices for the Jews to allow it And Ibid. Dors 4. Memorandum quod Dom. Rex pardonavit Roberto de VVolfraton 9 marc quas debet Leoni Iudaeo Linc. unde loquendum est ei cum eodem Iudaeo ad Scac. Dom. Reg. coram Iustic ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis et quod charta sine dilatione ei reddatur that so he might not sue him on it afterwards In the 11 of H. 3. one Augustine a Iew turning a Christian Convert at Canterbury the King commanded the Sheriff to restore him his house which was forfeited upon his conversion by this Precept Mandatum est Vic. Kant quod habere faciat Augustino converso quandam domum in Iudaismo in Cant. quae sua fuit antequam ad fidem converteretur non obstante eo quod conversus est T. Rege apud Red. 17. die Jan. Anno 14. H. 3. some Iews were sent up Prisoners to the Tower and ordered to be speedily tried for stealing of cloth and clipping of money as this Warrant manifests Mandatum est Constab Turris London quod Iudaeos subscriptos quos Rex ad eum mittit per Adam Custard Richard de Donne Servientes Vic. Salop Viuianum Bell uxor ejus Isaac Ann. uxor ejus et Aguinam Judaeam et Aaron rectatos de latrocinio panni et Tonsura Denariorum recipiat et ipsos in Turre London salvo custodiat quousque Stephanus de Sedgrave venerit London cui Rex mandavit quod in primo adventu suo usque London ipsos Judaeos coram se venire faciat et si ipsos inde culpabiles invenerit de ipsis fieri faciat quod secundum consuetudinem Angliae fuerit faciendum T. Rege apud Reading 3. die Martii Et mandatum est ipsi Stephano quod in primo adventu suo London loquelam illam audiat et de illis quos inde culpabiles invenerit fac judicium fieri secundum Legem et consuetudinem Regni non expectata super hoc praesentia Regis et de aliis qui non sunt culpabiles faciat quod viderit faciendum c. T. ut supra In the 15 of H. 3. the King sent this Writ to the Sheriff of Kent commanding him to summon 6. of the richest and potentest Jews of Canterbury and so many more of Rochester to appear before him at Westminster to hear his command and to bring up with them all their own and the other Jews arrerages of Canterbury and Rochester of the 8000 marks and likwise of the 6000 marks not long before imposed on them with the arrears of the 1000. marks promised to him by the Jews of England to respite their debts witness the Record it self Mandatum est Vicecom Kanc. quod sicut seipsum et omnia sua diligit venire faciat coram Rege apud Westm à die Pasche in 15 dies Sex de ditioribus et potentioribus Iudaeis villae Cantuariae et totidem de villa Roff. ad audiendum ibidem praeceptum Regis Ita quod ad eundem terminum habeant ibidem omnia arreragia sua propria sine omni dilatione similiter et arreragia omnium Iudaeorum praedictarum villaruÌ„ quae Dom. Regi debent tam de Tallagio 8. millia marcarum quam de Tallagio 6 millia marcarum eâ— preterea id quod ad Iudaeos praedictaruÌ„ villarum adhuc pertinet Regi reddendum de mille marcis quae Regi promissae fuerunt nomine omnium Iudaeorum Angliae pro respectu habendo debitis quae ab eis exigebantur Ea diligentia hoc praeceptum Regis executur ne pro defectu suo ad eum Rex se graviter capere debeat Et habeat ibi nomina illorum sex Iudaeorum et hoc breve T. Rege apud Clarendon 26 die Marcii Anno 16 H. 3. I find this Grant of a Jews house by the King Rex concessit Richo de Sancto Johanne Capell domum illam cum pertinentiis in vico de Pater noster Church London quae fuit Rici le Ailer et modo est in manu Jacobi Iudaei London et Floriae uxoris ejus habendum de dom Rege sibi et haeredibus suis vel â—niâ—unque ea dare vendere vel aliter assignare voluerit Et mandatum est Justic ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod eidem Rico de domo praedicto cum pertinentiis plenam seisinam habere faciant sicut praedict est Teste Rege apud Westmonast xviii die Iulii Pro quibusdam Iudaeis to pay their fines and debts by certain portions at some terms In the 17 year of H. 3. the King imposed a Tax upon the Jews of 10000 marks which they being unable to pay presently had certain dayes assigned to pay it in by several sums mentioned in this record some special Jews excepted Rex concessit Judaeis Angliae exceptis Isaac de Norwic et Ursell et fratris sui haeredibus Ham. de Hereford quod de 10 mille marcis quas Regi debent de ultimo Tallagio solvant ad Scacc. Regis ad festum Sancti Michaelis An 17. 500 l. et ad Pasche prox sequent 500 l. si bene respondeant Regi de dictis mille libris ad praedict terminos et de aliis arreragiis quae Regi debent tunc solvant similiter de eisdem 10000 marcis anno proximo sequent 1000 l. ad eosdem terminos scil ad festum Sancti Michaelis Ann. 18. 500 l. et ad Pasch prox seqaen 500 l. et postea per annum 2000 marc ad eosdem terminos donec dictae 10000 marc sic Regi plene solvantur Concessit etiam Rex eisdem Judaeis praeter dictis Isaac et fratribus ejus quod interim quieti sint de Tallagio scil quousque dictae 10000 marc persolutae fuerint sicut praedict est Ita tamen quod illi Judaei qui manuceperunt pro omnibus Iudaeis Angliae Tallagium 8000 marc Regi plene respondeant de arreragiis ejusdem Tallagii quilibet Judaeus respondeat pro se de
Priesthood in the old and new Testam Latin Authors and Records is never stiled Presbyteratus but Sacerdotium nor their Priest not High Priest Presbyter omnium Iudeorum but Sacerdos Pontifex max. summus Sacerdos c. and upon my comparing of several records together since the 3 4 and 5. pages of this second Demurrer printed which I could not transcribe nor compare together till afterwards that it is past all dispute This year the King imposed a Tax of ten-thousand marks upon the Jews from the immediate payment whereof no Iew was to be excused or respited but by the Kings special Writ as these two Records informe us in this very year Mandatâ—m est Iusticiariis ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod de arreragiis Tallagii Iudaeorum de 10 mille marc quae colligi preâ—ipit rex nullos Iudaeos quietos esse permittant nisi Tallagium illud ad Scac. regis pacaverint vel literas regis de quietancia inde habuerint vel aliud rationabile Warrantum producant quod eis de jure sufficere debeat Teste Rege apud Marleburge 13 die December Rex quietum clamavit Aaron Iudaeum Ebor. de plegiag 10 mil. marc de Tallagio posito super Iudeos unde idem Aaron fuit unus de 10 plegiis In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 18 die Iunii per Archiepisc Ebor. It seems 40 rich Iews were pledges to the King for the due payment of this 10 thousand marks Tallage whereof Aaron being one was now discharged by this â—oyal instrument Some Iews in Oxford were this year imprisoned for forcibly taking away a Iewish child converted and baptized who being afterwards found they were released by this writ Mandatum est Constab Oxon quod omnes Iudaeos quos cepit et captos tenet in Castro Oxon occasione cujusdam parvi conversi et baptizati qui dicebatur per ipsos Iudaeos raptus esse et qui jam inventus est apud Oxon sine dilatione deliberet Teste Rege apud Westm 4 die Novem. In 22 H. 3. there was a new heavy Tax imposed on the Jews which some Jews in Bristol to avoid thought to flie the Land whereupon they were there imprisoned and at last released upon giving security not to depart the Realm and to pay the Tax as this record attests Mandatum est Constabul Bristol quod si Lumbard et Isaac Iudaei Bristol capti et in prisona Bristol detenti eo quod fugere volebant è terra Regis fecerint eum securum quod moram facient in terra Regis et quod reddent in medio quadragesimae Ann. c. 22. id quod ad eos pertinet de Tallagio Regis tunc eos ita deliberet è prisona T. R. apud Westm 5 die Martii There are several records this year for extending lands for the Debts of Jews take one for a president of the rest Mandatum est Jusâ—ieiariis ad custod Judaeorum assignatis quod extendi faciant terram Roberti de Ardern quae est vadium Crispini aliorum Judeorum et secundum valorem et quantitatem debiti rationabiles terras eos habere faciant T.R. apud Merleburge 25 die Martii The like extent mutatis mutandis is granted this year against the lands of William Marschal In the Clause rolls of 22 H. 3. in the Dorse of the Fine roll of 23. I find this notable case in Law reciting and expounding the Statute of Merton 20 H. 3. c. 5. concerning Usurie made but two years before it Rex Vic. Ebor. salutem Ostendit Regi Ric de Watervill quod cum in Curia Regis coram Justiciariis suis apud Westm per considerationem ejusdem Curiae recuperasset versus Rogerum de Colevill custodiam terrae quae fuit Odmelli de Albano in Dalton usque aetatem haeredis ejusdem Odmelli Aaron de Ebor. Judaeus cujus vadium dicta terra dicitur esse postea per Breve Regis recuperavit seisinam ejusdem terrae tanquam vadium suum Quia vero Rex generaliter concessit in regno suo quod haeredibus infra aetatem existentibus non currant usurae super terras suas quae vadia sint Judaeorum nec hujusmodi invadationes auferâ—e debent Dominis feodorum custodiam tâ—rrarum quae de eis tenentur per servicium militare Mandatum est Vic. Ebor. quod praedict Nicho. de praedicta terra nomine custod talem seisâ—am faciat qualem inde habuit antequam praedicto Judeo per praeceptum Regis seisâ—am inde habere fecit T. R. apud Windsore 17 die Junii If Sir Edw Cook had been so well seen in records as most deem him he would certainly have remembred this in his Commentary on the Statute of Merton cap. 5. I meet with these four records in 23 H. demonstrating what fines Releifs the Jews heirs paid to the King to enjoy their Estates after their decease c. Aaron Judeus Ebor. Benedictus fil Jossei haeredes Samuelis fil Joscei Judei finem fecerunt cum Rege pro habendis terris et catallis quae fuerunt praedicti Samuelis pro centum libris de quibus reddit xx l. per annum scil x l. ad Pasch An. 23. ad festum Sancti Michaelis Anno eodem x l. et sic de anno in annum et de termino in terminum donec praedict 100 lib. plene fuerint solutae Et mandatum est Justic ad custod Judaeorum assignatis quod ita irrotulari omnes terras et catalla praedicta eisdem Aaron et Benedicto deliberari faciant salvo uxori ejusdem Samuelis rationabili dote sua secundum Legem et consuetudinem Judeorum quam quidem doâ—em idem Justiciar ei sine dilatione facient assignari T. R. apud VVoodstock 18 die Novembris Rex Baronibus suis de Scac. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Ursello fil Hamond de Hereford et fratribus suis quod de fine quem fecerunt nobiscum pro habendis terris 〈◊〉 catallis praedicti Hamonis patris sui habeant eosdem terminos quos eis prius concessimus et tantundem Nobis reddent per annum quantuÌ„ reddere deÌ„bent per praefatam concessionem nostram eis prius factam ita quod primus terminus eorum incipiet ad Pasch an r. n. 23. sic deinceps reddant nobis de termino in terminum tantum denar per ann quant reddere debuerunt per praedict concessionem donec totus finis nobis persolvatur non obstante eo quod praedicti Ursell et fratres sui terminos suos quos eis concessimus non observarunt T. R. apud Westm 18 die Ian. By these two Presidents and many others in the Fine Rols of this Kings reign which I pretermit is is apparent 1. That all the Jews goods chattels houses lands upon their decease remained in the Kings hands neither could their children enjoy them till they had made a special Fine
reddiderunt pro residuo illins termini non distringatis donec aliud a nobis habueritis mandatum T. R. The same year the King issued this writ to the Mayor and Sheriffs of London to prevent the Jews and other Goldsmiths exchange and abasing of silver contrary to the assize of the Exchange and seise those who were guilty of it and their silver Rex Majori Vic. London salutem Praecipimus vobis quod in praesentia Thes nostri et custodis Cambii nostri venire faciatis coram vobis Adam de Shoredich Thomam de Stanes and four more named Aurifabros London et ab iis Sacramentum capiatis quod nec per se nec per aliquem alium Christianum vel Judeum cambient vel ement vel vendent argentum aliquod vel in plata vel in mina vel in aliquo alio argento contra assisam et constitutionem Cambii nostri nec cambiri nec etiam procurabunt nec permittent nec per se nec per alium et quod diligenter inquirant inquiri faciant si qui aurifabri Christiani vel Judei talia temptaverint et â—ex quo aliquem cambientem ementem vel vendentem invenerint contra assisam praedicti Cambij corpus ipsius cum argento et catallis suis attachiari faciant donec aliud inde praeceptum T. ut supra This year I find a Writ to the Justices of the Jews to free one from paying Usury to a Jew upon the ground expressed in the record relating the Jews unconscionable dealing usual in such cases Rex Justiciar ad custod Judaeorum assignat salutem Monstravit nobis Magister Laur. Travers quod cum die Pentec An. r. n. 24 quandam summam pecuniae mutuo recipisset a Benedicto Judaeo Oxon. quam infra mensem a quo pecuniam illam mutuo recepit per manum ipsius Magistri ad Judeum solvend transmisit dictus Judeus eo quod tempore illo pignora ipsius Magistri quae signata erant in Cista Judeorum signo nostro restituere non valebat pecuniam illam non admisit et de pecunia illa de toto tempore ejusdem non soluta usuras exigit a predicto Magistro ac si per incuriam ipsius et defectum remaneret per tantum tempus solvend Quia vero eidem Magistro non est imputandum quod pecuniam illam tempore debito non solvit et iniquum videtur quod inde usuras solvere debet Vobis mandamus quod si idem Magister monstr poterit per se vel per attornatum suum quod res ita se habeat tunc ipsum ab usurarum prestatâ—one quietum esse faciatis a tempore quo dictam pecuniam paratus fuit eidem Judeo solvere T. R. apud Windl 18 die Octob. The same year I find this Writ to the Constable of the Tower to send some Jews of Bristol imprisoned in the Tower for a murder to Bristol Castle to be there tried for it before the Justices Itinerant Rex Constabular Turr. London salutem Precipimus tibi quod Puentam uxorem Iacobi de Custantes Iacobum fil Iacobi et Bestotam uxorem ejus Iudeos Bristol captos et detentos in prisona nostra predict Turris pro moâ—â—e Alic fil Eve cariari fac usque Bristol ad custus Burgensium nostrorum Bristol Ita quod 〈◊〉 ibi a die Sancti Ioh. Bapt. in 15 dies ad standum inde recto coram Iustic nostr ibid. in prox Itineraturis eosdemque Iudeos liberari fac Constabulario castri nostri Bristol cui praecipimus quod eos cum ibidem venerint recipiat T. c. Et mandatum est Constab Bristol quod eos recipiat In the 26 year of H. 3. these Records concerning the Iews are yet extant the first shewing they were enforced to give their wives and children for hostages Mandatum est Iustic ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod si Samaritanus Iudeus Winton invenerit eis omnem eam securitatem quae coram W. Ebor. Arch de consilio Regis Provisa fuit et ordinata pro qua securitate merdien dedit uxorem suam et filios suos obsides qui tenentur in Turr. Regis London tunc praedicto Saaritano praedictos uxorem et filios deliberari fac per eundem Arâ—a VVimmodham 25 die Iun. The King this year appointed a new Keeper of the Iews chest at VVinchester not being well kept by the former by this Writ Quia Rex audivit quod Archa regis Iudeorum Winton miâ—â—s bene custodiatur tam ad opus Regis quam Christianorum Judeorum Mandatum est Vic Suthampt. quod per consilium Roberti Passelewe quem Rex illuc mittit alium cust ad hoc apponi fac T. c. The tax not being paid the King at the times appointed this year he commanding the Iews Chests to be locked up so that their creditors could not pay their debts to them nor they their debts to the King whereupon he granted his Writ to Samuel fil Isaac a Iew upon his complaint that they should pay their debts to the King at the terms formerly appointed at the rates there expressed at large Rex Iust suis ad custod Iudeorum assignatis salutem Monstravit nobis Oliva quae fuit uxor Rob. de Fraymâ—to quod cum ipsa cum nuper essemus apud Colecester probasset coram venerabil in Christo patre W. Ebor Arch. et aliis de consilio nostro tam per Christianos quam per Judaeos praefatum virum suum reddidisse Aaron et Ursello Judaeis Colecestr totum debitum quod eis debuit ante inceptionem itin sui in terram sanct et injunctum esset eisdem Judaeis quod reddent prefato Ol. Cartas confect de debito memorato licet eidem Judei quasdam Cartas mem restituerunt adhuc tamen unam ei detinent maliriose praetendentes Cartam esse Londini in depos ut sic fraud machinentur et laboribus frangent dictam mulierem Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedictos Judeos per terras et catalla distringatis ad restituendam prefatae mulieri sine dilatione cartam praedictam Et vos eidem pedem illius Cartaerestituatis Ita vos in hac parte gerentes quod de cetero nullam inde audiamus querelam T. W. Ebor. Arch. apud Moreclac 29 die Iulii This Record manifests 1 The manner of the Jewes proving their debts both by Jewes and Christians 2 Their Jewish dealing one with another in detaining goods after debts satisfied 3. The usual way of recovering such Bonds from them when the debts were paid This year the King removed the Jews and their chests from one place to another at his pleasure as this Record besides others informs us Rex concessit Com. Pict Cornub. quod Judei regis qui manent in Berchamested transferant se usque Wallingford et ibi remaneant secundum easdem consuetudines Judeorum secundum quas apud
Berkhamested habere consueverunt Archamque quam fuit apud Berkhamsted similiter habeant apud VVallingford et eodem modo quo ipsam habuerunt apud Berkhamsted Et mandatum est Justic ad custod Jud. assignatis quod sic fieri permittant T.R. How the Jews heirs after their decease made fines to the King for their real and personal estates and how their wives were indowed this Record will manifest of the same year with the former Rex Baron suis de Scac. salutem Mandamus vobis quod distringatis Mayden quae fuit uxor Jacob. Crespin ad reddend Moss fil praedict Iacob et Isaac fratri suo terras domos redditus catalla et omnia debita quae fuerunt praedicti Jacob. patris sui pro quibus ipse Moss et Isaac finem â—ecerunt nobiscum sicut per alias litetas nostras vobis significavimus Et cum praedicti Moss Isaac seisinam habuerint de praedict terris domibus redditibus catal et debitis tunc eidem Mayden rationabilem dotem suam a praedict Moss et Isaac faciatis assignari T. R. apud Merewel 2 die Maii. In the 27 year of King Henry the King issued this precept to have a Convert Iew instructed in the Christian Faith and learning in any place where he might Mandatum est Ebor. Archiepiscopo et VV. de Cantelup then Commissioners or Justices for the Jews affairs Quod Martino converso faciant administrari in aliqua villa ubi possit tam de fide Catholica quam literarum scientia feliciter erudiri T. R. apud Burdegal 3 die Febr. The same year the King commanded the Executors of the Bishop of Winchester by his Writ to pay to W. de Haevenshel and Edward son of Odo 100l ad terras emendas ad opus Conversorum London ad sustentationem eorundem T. R. apud Burd 12 die Aprilis Et mandatum est praedictis VVillo et Edwardo quod denarios illos ab illis recipiant etterras ad opus praedictor conversorum emant Ita quod terrae praedict emptae fuerint citra festum Nativ sancti Iohis Baptistae Such was the care and charity of those times for the converts support This year the King pardoned several debts of particular Englishmen owing to particular Jews respited the payment of other Debts for a time to others by several writs to the Iustices assigned for the Iews And likewise assigned and granted the Office of Aarons Presbyteratus Judeorum Angliae in the Exchequer forementioned to Elie le Eveske a Jew of London or his Attorney with all the Rolls of the Exchequer belonging to Aaron in as ample manner as Aaron formerly had them commanding the Justices assigned for the Jews custody to invest him in this office of Aaron Et nullam decetero summonitionem facere de aliquo debito de quo debetur responderi coram eis nisi per visum et testimonium predicti Elye vel illius quem ad hoc loco suo attornaverit which clearly proves that the Presbyteratus omnium Iudaeorum totius Angliae granted to Aaron and now transferred to Elye was nothing else but the Custos Rotulorum or Controllership of the Exchequer Et mandatum est eisdem quod quotiens idem Elyas intendere non possit ad sedendum ad Scac. Joceum fil Copini loco suo recipiant ad ea facienda ad idem Scac. quae ad Presbyteratum Iudaeorum pertinent Rotulos etiam qui fuerant Jocei predecessoris sui eidem Elye vel attornato suo habere faciatis T. apud Westm 21 die Octob per Will. de Cantil Edward fil Odonis Quia Abraham Iudeus Berkhamsted clamat partem in debito quod continetur in cartae Johannis de Brabini confect inter ipsum Johannem et praedict Abraham et Mosseum Iudeum Hereford Mandatum est Cirographariis custodibus Archae Judaeorum Hereford quod praefata Carta per praefat Mosseum vel per alium nemini liberetur donec Rex aliud inde praeciperit Which shewes that one Jew could not discharge the debt due joyntly to him and another Jew but by the others consent In the 28 of H. 3. two Jews being wrongfully arrested for a Debt due by another the King sent this writ to discharge them and imprison the Jewess that owed it Rex Justic ad cust Iud. assignatis salutem Sciatis quod probatum fuit coram nobis apud Stanford quod Gentilla vidua Iudea de Stanford debet R. Com. Cornub. fratri nostro illas 13 lib pro quibus Coc. Samuelem Judeos de Stanford arrestari fecistis in villa praedict ita quod eam cap. et in prisona detineri praecipimus donec solverit pecuniam praedict Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedict Coc. Samuel ceterosque omnes Iudeos de Stanford de praedict 13 lib. quietos esse faciatis T. Rege apud Not. 10 die July This year Aaron a Jew of York assigned a Debt of 500 l to the King in part of a debt which he owed the King which the King commanded Hugh Bygod who owed it in right of his wife to pay into the Exchequer And likewise commanded all the Jews to be removed out of Nuberry and Spenbamland by this writ Mandatum est Vic. Berks Quod Judeos qui manent in Villa de Nubury et in villa de Spenhamland remittat sine dilatione usque Winton et ibi maneant sicut prius solent nec de caetero maneant in Villis prae dictis T. R. apud Readings 27 die Decemb. A Jew accused for clipping and falsifying monies fled for refuge to the King who thus remanded him Rex W. de Ebor prepos Beverley Hen de Bath salutem Quia intelleximus quod vos mandaveritis Vic. nostro Hereford ad capiend Cok Judeum Hereford tanquam falsarium et retuntorem Denar et idem Judeus venit ad Curiam nostram apud Reading quaerens subterfugium captionis suae Nos ipsum Judaeum fecimus arrestari ad vos mittentes eundem ut vos super eo quod ei imponitur secundum quod videritis expedire faciatis T. R. apud Reading 12 die May. After which follows this record Rex W. de Havershull Thesaur suo et Constab suo London salutem Mandamus vobis quod Judeos assignatos ad custodiam catallorum debitorum quae fuerunt David Judei Oxon distringatis ita quod illi Judei qui manuceperunt finem 5000 marc quem Licoric quae fuit uxor praedict David fecit nobiscum pro habendis catallis et debitis ipsius David ut eum habeamus terminis assignatis de Tallagio Iudeorum nobis solvend et ipsam Licoric a prisona deliberari faciatis Ita tamen quod nullam habeat administrationem de catallis debitis praedictis ante instans festum Nativitatis beat Mariae donec post eundem festum vobis inde mandaverimus Et Sciatis quod remissimus Aaron Judeo Ebor. custodiam praedict
c. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Aaroni filio Abrahami Iudeo quod sicut talliatus fuit ad decem octo libras coram Nobis ad terminum Sancti Michaelis Anno c. 33. sic tallietur ad quatuor Annos sequentes ad triginta et sex libras singulis annis praedictorum quatuor annorum videlicet ad festum Paschae Anno c. 34 to ad 18 libras et ad festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens ad 18 libras et sic DE ANNO IN ANNUM ad eosdem terminos ad 36 libras Ita quod post praefatum terminum praedictorum quatuor annorum ad majorem pecuniae summam modo talliatur In cujus c. Teste Rege apud VVindsore 21 die Sept. In the Fine Rolls of this year I find these Passages relating to the Jews who all joyntly and severally made great fines to the King this year particularized in the Fine rolls what sum every Jew whose name is there entred at large was to pay to the King whereof take this brief account of some few as a pattern of all the rest Mandatum est Vic. Kanc. quod si Judei Cantuar. invenerint securitatem sufficientem de 7 l. 8 s. 8 d. de novo Tallagio super eos assesso de 11 l. 17 s. 5 d. de veteri Tallagio super eos assesso ad aurum Regi inde emendum unde alias recepit mandatum Regis ita quod pecuniam illam habeat in manu sua quod inde Regi respondere possit ad Scacc. Regis in Crastino Sancti Michaelis tunc praefatos Judeos permittat in pace ita quod eos non distringat pro aliquo alio Tallagio donec aliud a Rege acceperit in mandatis T. R. apud Merton 12 dâ—e Sept. Mandat est Vic. Ebor. quod sicut seipsum diligit habeat ad Scac Regis in Octabis Sancti Michaelis de Aaron de Ebor. Judeo de novo Tallagio super eum assesso 16 l. 11 s. Et de eodem de veteri Tallagio super eum assesso unde Vic. alias recepit mandatum Regis 26 l. 7 s. et de caeteris Judeis Civitatis Ebor. de noâ—o Tallagio 14 l. 11 s. et de eisdem de veteri Tallagio unde Vic. alias recepit mandat Regis 23 l. 7 s. ad aurum Reg. inde emendum T. ut supra Eodem modo scribitur de Iudaeis Exon de Tallag Vic. Devon De Iudeis Bedford Merlebr Bristoll Warw. Glocest Cantebr London Norwic. Colecester Winton Wigorn Hereford Oxon Nottingh Northampton Lincoln and other Towns and to their respective Sheriffs to levy the particular sums both of the New and Old Tallage forementioned there specified in like manner as to the Sheriff of Yorke which particulars fill up an whole roll well nigh In the same Roll the King respites Jacobus Le Eveske a Jew and Flora his daughter a fine of 45 l. 6 s. 8 d. pro Relevio et aliis finibus and sundry other Jews there named paid the like Fines pro Relevio upon their Parents deaths to injoy their estates to be paid at certain times there limited into the Exchequer Et mandatum est Baron de Scac. et Justic ad custod Judeorum assignatis quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant T. R. apud Guldeford 13 die Sept. The like Fines for relief pro terris catallis Patris eorum ratione relevii Regi contingentibus paid by sundry Iews I meet with in 34 H. 3. and many Fine Rolls else throughout his reign and in Edward the 1. which I pretermit it being entred of some Dederunt Regi 20 s. auri or some other sum of gold prae manibus In 34 H. 3. There was a tax of ten thousand marks imposed on the Jews and this composition made between the King and Salmon Bishop a Jew concerning it future Taxes thus entred in the Fine roll of that year Rex concessit Salmoni Episcopo Judeo London quod de Tallagio 10 mil. marc per annum sit ad 20 l. dum Tallagium Judeorum sit in tali statu et si crescat Tallagium Judeorum crescat ejus portio quae ipsum continget de Tallagio praedicto et si decrescatur simili modo Ita tamen quod si tota Communitas Judeorum Regi gravetur de Tallagio praedicto aut summa X. millium marc debeat decrescere eo quod idem Salmon est ad talem summam respondeat at idem Iudeus ad liberatum librae suae de praedict 20 l. sicut alii Judei faciunt in tallagio suo Et reddat Regi praedict 20 lib. annuatim ad duos terminos viz. 10 l. ad Scac. S. Michaelis 10 l. ad Scac. Paschae Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custod Iud assignatis quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant et pro licentia concessionis dedit Regi unam marcam auri T. R. apud Wyndes 1. die Octob. et habet inde Literas Patentes per eadem verba The like compositions were made with the King by Aaron of York and many other Jews in this and other years In the 34 year of King H. 3. I find this recital in a writ That the King by the long received custome of the Realm ought to succeed the Iews themselves in all houses and other Lands which they should purchase within the realme upon their deaths outlary or departure hence and that he might grant them to whom he pleased as well as tax them and seise their goods at his pleasure Rex Vicecomiti Norff. salutem Licet de consuetudine longeva dicatur obtentum in regno nostro quod Nos in Domibus et aliis quas acquisiverint Iudaei in regno nostro succedere debeamus ipsis Iudaeis aures tamen nostras precibus Edmundi Kake de Norwic. Capellani misericorditer inclinantes concessimus eidem Edmundo de gratia nostra quod non obstante consuetudine praedicta habeat Messuagium illud in Norwic de quo nuper seisinam fieri fecimus Magistro Benedicto et quod Seigumet Iudaeus utlagatus tenuit de praedicto Edmundo in eadem villa de Norwic. Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod eidem Edmundo de praedicto messuagio sine dilatione plenam seisinam habere facias T. R. apud Clarendon 13 die Decembris In the same roll I find a writ to attach both the body and goods of a Jew and to bring them both before the Justices assigned for the Iews Mandatum est Vicecomiti Dorset quod habeat coram Iusticiariis regis ad Custodiam Iudeorum assignatis apud Westm in Crastino Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae corpus Solomonis Iudei de Dorcestria cum omnibus catallis ipsius Iudaei sub sigillo suo T. R. apud Merleberge 21 die Junii In the Patent roll of this year the King granted this License to the Masters of the Law of the Commonalty of the Jews in London to excommunicate
such Jews as refused to contribute that subsidy they had promised towards the sustaining of their common Churchyard in London whom they could not excommunicate without his leave Rex Iusticiariis suis ad Custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Iudaeis nostris London quod Magistri legis eorundem Iudaeorum in Ciuitate London promulgare possint summam Excommunicationem in omnes illos Iudaeos qui subsidium aliquod promiserunt ad Cimiterium London sustinendum et illud non solverint Ita quod Nos non alii de Judaeis excommunicatis sufficientes emendas recipiamus T. R. 28 Die Julii In the 35 of Henry 3. there are these records touching the Jews Mandatum est Philippo Luvel et Sociis suis Justiciariis Judaeorum sicut alias Quod de Tallagio X. milium Marcarum assesso super Communitatem Iudaeorum Angliae faciant habere Reginaldo de Salinis 40 libras ad terras inde emendas ad opus suum vel ad commodum suum alio modo faciendum prout sibi viderit expediri etillas in eodem Tallagio faciendo allocari Communitati praedictae Et Rex bene vult quod eadem 40 l. Ricardo de Salinis allocantur in debitis quod debet in Judaismo pro eodem Reginaldo dum tamen idem Reginaldus securus sit de protione sua T. R. apud Wherewell 25 die Maii. Per ipsum Regem The wives and children of the Jews oft times used to be distrained and imprisoned for their Debts as appears by this record to respite such proceedings against them for a time Anno 35. H. 3. Mandatum est Vic. Devon quod non distringat nec distringi permittat uxorem Boneufaunt Judei Exon. vel pueros suos per corpora sua ipsos imprisonando occasione alicujus debiti seu demandae tangentis ipsum Boneufaunt de fine 100 marc auri quia Rex vult ipsam Iudeam cum predictis pueris suis esse in pace usque ad octabis Sti. Mich. prox futuri Et si ipsos imprisonavit eos interim deliberari faciat T. R. apud Windsore 2 die Septemb. per ipsum regem This year there was a tax of 10000 marks imposed on the Iews as is evident by Pat 35. H. 3. pars 2. m. 4. De tallagio Iudeorum assidendo for assessing it and this Precept concerning it Mandatum est Baron de Scac. ad custodiam Iudeorum assignatis quod provideant etâ—ordment inter se qualiter illa 10 millia marc quae regi debentur de Tallagio Iudeorum regi persolvi possint And in the same membrana there is this command to buy gold with the Jews money for the Kings use Mandat W. de Hoverhull Thes reg Edward de Westm et Phil. Luvell quod de omnibus denariis de Judaismo provenientibus aurum ad opus regis emi faciant sicut rex eidem Philippo dudum injunxit et sicut T. Espernon eis exponet ex parte regis T. R. What great sums of gold the King received of some Iews this year to be exempted from taxes paying set rates for 4 years space will appear by this record Mandatum est Justiciariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod illas 10 mil. marcas auri quas Elias Judeus London regi dedit pro sic quod a festo St. Mich. An. 34. usque in quatuor annos prox sequentes completos non talliaretur nisi ad centum libr. per annum dum Tallagium regis duraret eidem inde proximis terminis suis Tallagii sui fac allocari Ita quod de cetero respondeat in tallagio suo Judeorum secundum facultates suas sicut rex alias eis mandavit non obstanre gratia regis quam ei concesserit pro donatione predicti auri T. R. apud Clarendon 10 die Iuuii Consimiles literas habet Aaron fil Abrah Judeus London de 25 marc auri allocari ut supra continetur eisdem Justic directas T. ut supra per ipsum regem Et quia Aaron de Ebor. affirmavit coram rege quod predict aurum prefatis Aaron et Eliae alia vice per mandatum Regis de quo Rex non recolit fuit allocatum Mandat est prefatis Justic quod super hoc regem fine dilatione certificent Scituri quod dictus Aaron Regi promisit 200 marc argenti nisi predicta summa auri praedictis Iudeis per regem fuit allocata in Tallagio suo T. R. c. per ipsum regem The King this year allows a Jew to sue for the remainder of a debt which the King had pardoned and the Bond to be taken out of the Chest by this Writ Rex Justic ad custod Iudeorum assign Cum nullus Iudeus debeat plac de Cirograf in Archa Iudeorum inventa et catal Abr. de Berchanster quae capta fuerunt in manum nostram ex toto credebamus ad opus nostrum retinere quoruÌ„ residuuÌ„ ad petitionem R. Com. Cornub. eidem remissimus licet alias dederimus vobis in mandatis quod in quiraretis per sacr legal hominum qualem summam pecuniae Galfr. Mansell de dicto Abr. recepit et dict G. de usuris forte solum quietum remaneret Volumus tamen cum dictus Iudeus residuum catallorum suorum recuperaverit quod dict G. distringi faciatis ad plenam solutionem totius residui dicto Iudeo faciend secundum formam Cyrogr. sui Et ideo vobis mandamus quod sic fieri et irro ulari fac Ita quod dictus Iudeus totam summam in parte sua Cyrogr. contentam cum debito integre possit recuperare Et licet Cyrogr. alias per preceptuâ— nostrum ab Archa sit extract hoc facere non omittatis T. apud Harding 25. die August The Jews in that age could not without the Kings special license remove themselves or goods from one City to another and acquainting the Justices assigned for the Jews of his royal pleasure therein and were enforced to give security for one another to pay their Taxes to the King as this record of 36 H. 3. will evidence Rex concessit Iacobo filio Boneufaunt Judeo quod libere recedat a Villa Gloucestriae et moram facere in civitate London Et quia idem Judeus fecit regi securitatem per Iacobum le Eveske Iudeorum de tallagio suo ad quod tallietur ad festum sancti Martini regi reddendo Mandatum est Vicecom Glouc. quod ad ipsum aut ad familiam suam aut catalla sua manum non apponat sed ipsum cum omnibus praedictis a Villa Gloucestriae libere recedere permittat Teste Rege apud Woodstoke 19 die Augusti per ipsum regem Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod ipsum inter Iudeos regis in civitate praedicta manere permittant Teste ut supra Mandatum est eisdem quod faciant habere Iacobo le Eveske
rotulos et brevia Iudaismum tangentia quae sunt in custodia sua liberet Iustic ad custod Iudeor assign custodiend quamdiu Rex aliud inde praeceperit This year the King writing to Hagiâ—o a Jew of London to deliver monyes of the Merchants of Flanders there arrested and left in his Custody begins thus Rex Hagino fil Mossei Iudeo London statum vitae melioris Cum per literas nostras c. The same year the King granted to Aaron le Blund a Jew liberty to sue for his debts which he formerly pardoned his debtors Non obstante pardonatione nostra de debitis dicti Rogeri praefato Judaeo facto The Jews sustaining much loss by the Barons and Kings enemies I find this recitall thereof by the King who granted them other Jews debts for their relief as this and other presidents manifest Rex Iustic suis ad custod c. Soiatis quod pro dampnis et jacturis quae Haginus fil Mossei Iudeus London pro nobis sustinuit in turbatione habita in regno nostro Nos in auxilium relevationis suae status dedimus ei 50 lib. in quibus Willielmus de Dyve defunctus per cartam suam tenebatur Jacobo fil Ladonis Iudeo London nuper defuncto cujus debita et catalla devenerunt ad manum nostram ratione mortis ejusdem Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedict 50 lib. secundum consuetud Judaismi nostri leuari et eidem Hagino una cum carta supradicta liberari faciatis de dono nostri T. R. apud Westm 1 die April The like grant of another Jews debt upon the same account was this year made to Elyas sonne of Mosse a Jew to be allowed in his Tallages and other debts to the King Ibid. m. 10. The King pardons Peter de Novel and Andrew de Winton the debts they owed to Jews The Iews in London both before and after the battel of Lewes being spoiled of their houses and goods there during the Civil wars by the Kings Enemies and the Barons then in arms against them he thereupon in the 50 year of his reign enabled them to sue for and recover their goods and houses again except such as himself had sold and disposed of and restored them to the self-same condition they were in before the battle of Lewes by this ensuing writ and grant Rex Hugoni filio Ottonis Custodi Civitatis suae London salutem Cum pro variis dampnis et injuâ—is Iudeis nostris Angliae in turbatione regni nostri ab Inimicis nostris illatis de Consilio Magnatum nostrorum qui sunt de Consilio nostro Concessimus omnibus et singulis Iudeis praedictis quod ipsi quoad bona et possessiones suas recuperanda sint in eodem statu quo fuerunt die conflictus de Lewes ac quidem inimici nostri in turbatione in Regno nostro habita domos Iudaeorum nostrorum London in eadem Civitate tà m ante bellum praedictum quà m post occupaverint Ac etiam quidam deorum praedictorum pro timore turbationis praedictae domos suas in eadem Civitate reliquerunt et ad alias partes se transtulerunt Nos eisdem fudaeis gratiam uberiâ—rem facere volentes concessimus et reddidimus singulis Iudaeis nostris London omnes domos suas praedictas ante bellum praedictum et post bellum illud occasione turbationis praedictae occupatas detentas exceptis Domibus quorundam Judaeorum praedictorum London quas in eadem Civitate quibuscunque prius concessimus Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praefatis Iudaeis de Domibus suis praedictis in quorumcunque manibus existâ—nt plenam seisâ—nam habere facias sicut praedictum est T. R. apud VVestm 14 dii Novembris In the Patent Rolls of this year the King grants the Houses and Debts of several Jews escheated to him by their deaths or othewise to several Jews impoverished dampnis et gravaminibus sibi ad inimicis nostris illatis tempore turbationis habita in regno nostro c. volens eis gratiam facere specialem Besides upon this account I find this general Patent and Proclamation of protection for the Jewes of London Rex Rich. de Ceual and 45 more there named civibus London salutem Quia Iudei nostri London tempore turbationis in regno nostro jacturas quamplurimas et enormia sustinuerunt nos dispendiis et â—acturis eorum compatientes ipsos terras res domos redditus et omnes eorum possessiones in defensionem et protectionem nostram suscepimusâ— specialem Nos ad eorum Majorem tuitionem et securitatem custodiam et protectionem vos assignantes Et ideo vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes quatenus per totam civitatem praedict London publice proclamari fac ne quis sub periculo vitae et membrorum praedict Iudaeis in personis vel rebus suis dampnum inferat molestiam aut gravamen et vos ipsi Iudeos illos familias suas terras vel redditus domos et omnes possessiones suas et eorum bona infra civitatem 〈◊〉 et extra quantum in vobis est manâ—teneatis protegatis et defendatis non inferentes c. as in the former Et si quid c. talem diligentiam apponentes ut vobis c. donatur per vicecomitem T. R. Consimiles literae habent Iudei Cantebr Ballivis et probis hominibus Cant. directae durant ut supra This year the King granted the custody of the Iews Rolls and a salary for it by this patent Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod commissimus dilecto Clerico nostro Tho. Wabrun rotulos et brevia nostra Iudaismi nostri custodiend quamdiu nobis placuerit ita quod capiat per annum ad Scac. nostr 10 lib. vid. 100 s. ab Scac. nostr St. Michis et 100s ad Scac. nostr Pasche ad se sustentandum in officio praedicto quamdiu frerit in eodem The same year the King by Patent granted leave to sundry Jews presently to sue for and levy their debts upon their Creditors and distrain them for them and likewise that he will not release pardon nor respite the debts due to them from sundry particular persons expressed in the Patents in form like those already cited elsewhere Yea I find this Writ for electing a new Cyrographer in the place of one that was dead issued this year Rex Constab castri Winton et Ballivis ejusdem villae saâ—utem Quia Petrus Westman Christianus unus Cyrogr. Arch. Iud. Winton diem clausit extremum ut rex accepit Vobis mandamus quod per Sacramentum 12. tam Christianorum quam Iudeorum villae praedict eligi fac loco praedict Pet. unum alium Coffrarium qui praestito sacramento sicut moris est officio illo de caetero intendat et nomen ejus Regi scire fac T. R. apud Cant. 26 die Oct. And this recital of the Kings grant of his
Iudaisme to the Prince and a confirmation of his grant to a Jew Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod cum dudum commissâ—rimus dilect primog nostro Judaismum nostrum Angliae habendum ad certum terminum cum omnibus ad Judaismum illum pertinentibus item quod idem fil noster omnia inde medio tempore illo perciperet Judeorum tam ratione mortis Iudeorum aliunde quam eodem modo-quo nos percipere debuissemus si Iudaismum praedict in manu nostra â—eâ—uissemus et dictus fil noster tertiam partem omnium catal et debitorum quae fuerunt Deulecres filius Aaron qui tunc in fata concessâ—â— ad ipsum filium nostr ratione mortis eâ—usdem Deulecres sicut moris est in Iudaismo pertinentem occasione â—osâ—rae concessionis antedict dederit et concesserit Hagio fil Mosse Iudeo London una cum custodia catal et debitorum pertinent ad pueros haeredes ejusdem Deulacres de catallis et debitis supradictis Nos praedict donationem concessionem ratam habemus acceptam Volentes etiam eidem Hagino gratiam facere specialem concedimus eidem quod de debitis 〈◊〉 extentam vel etiam prorogationem seu quietantiam aliquam vel donum nou faciemus infra quinquenâ—ium a tempore confect presentium In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 26 die Novemb. In 51 H. 3. I find this grant to divers plundered Jews of Lincoln and other parts to recover their pawns which they could prove though their Charters were lost or not extant on Record Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis custodibus pacis in Com. Linc. North. Ebor. Vic. eorundem Com. et Vic. Norf. Suff. et Rutland et omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus nostris quos c. salutem Volentes Manfro and to sundry other Iews there named Iudeis Linc. et aliis Iudeis nostris ejusdem Civit. pro dampniset gravaminibus eis ab inimicis nostris illatis in insultu habito apud Linc nec non et in turbatione regni nostri gratiam facere ad praesens Concessimus quod Vadia sua nominata in Cyrogr. inter ipsos et debit suos confect de debitis quae sibi rationabiliter monstrari poterint in quorumcunque manibus existent vadia illa in manus suas secundum legem et consuetudinem Iudaismi nostri seisientur donec debita illa levantur et persolventur eisdem sicut praedict est nisi debitores illi rationabiliter monstrare poterint quod de debitis illis debent esse quieti In cujus c. T. R. apud Windsore The like Patent he made to Aaron the son of Lion le Blund a Jew of London this year upon the same grounds being plundered by the King enemies in London and elsewhere In 52 H. 3. the King confirmed the grant of Sâ—m a Jew of York to Hagino a Jew of London of certain houses in York and grants to him further pro nobis et haeredibus nostris sibi et haeredibus suis quod supra domos praedict nulla fiat districtio pro aliquibus debitis in quibus Aaron the father of Samuel nobis tenebatur die quo in fata concessit T. R. 30 die Aug. He likewise ratified the grant of a Jew of Wilton of a debt due to him to Tho. de Irpeign with the grants of several houses in Winton by sundry Christians and Jews to Benedict a Jew of Winton Pardons a fee to a Jew and grants some Jews that had suffered for him leave to levy their debts on their debtors lands There is likewise mention of what moneys were delivered into the Kings VVardrobe this year out of the profits of his Judaisme and an acquittance thereof to his Iustices This year the King granted to Hagino fil Mossei and some other Jews that they should be exempted quieti de omnibus auxiliis et Tallagiis super ipsis assidendis et de quibuscunque debitis in quibus nobis tâ—nentur from the feast of St. Andrew usque in terminum proximo sequent T. R. apud Clarendoâ— 27 die Novemb. In the Clause Rolls this year I find fines made by the Jews to the King to enjoy the goods and debt of other Iews Prohibitionâ— to the Iustices iâ—inerant noâ— to suffer any Iews to be vexed or prosecuted before them cum sicut nostis Iudei Angliae coram aliquibus Iustic nostr de aliquibus Judaismum nostr tangâ—â—â—ibus non debâ—ant placitare vel respondere nisi coram Iustic nostriâ— ad custod Iud. assignatis A grant to some Iews not to pardon acquit prorogue or â—extend their debts for 5 years with a confirmation thereof and repeal of all subsequent grants to the contrary And a Grant of one Jews debt to another and power to levy it notwithstanding any former pardons and releases thereof In the Plea Rolls of Hilary Term Anno 52 H. 3. in the Treasury of the Exchequer theie are several Legal suits and proceedings before the Justices of the Jews in the Exchequer some whereof I shall transcribe Decanus et Capitulus Linc. per suum attornatum opt se 4 die versus Mosseum de Warwic de Placito quod injustè ab eis exigit debitum per quandam cartam falsam et contra Assisam Iudaismi confectam ut dicunt et ipse non venit Et praeceptum fuit Constabulario quod ipsum attachiari faciat ita quod haberet corpus ejus coram Justiciariis c. Upon which the Constable returned Quod dictus Mosseus Non est inventus c. Et similiter praeceptum est Vicecomiti Linc. quod attachiari faciat â— In this Roll there are divers Actions against Jews De placito acquietationis debiti c. to discharge them of Debts and to deliver up their Charters Pawnes and Morgages pretended to be discharged released pardoned or satisfied Done de Walingford petit versus Henricum Cobbe custodem haeredis et terrarum Nicholai Cuppins medietatem unius Messuagii in parochia Sancti Petri in Winton quae quondam fuit Dyay viri sui unde ipse Dyay vir ipsius ipsam secundum Legem et consuetudinem Iudaismi dotavit c. In the 7th Roll there is a Confirmation of the Kings of certain Debts and Annuities assigned by Hagino Son of Moses a Jew to Adam of Stratton and this ensuing Writ to the Sheriff of Essex and elswhere to discharge one Peter Fitz-Roger of all Debts due to the Jews after proclamation made in the Schools and Synagogues of the Iews two or three Sabbaths and not suing for them within a prefixed time after such Proclamations returned Praeceptum fuit Vicecomiti Essex quod clamari faciat per Scolas Judeorum Colecester per duo vel tria Sabbata si aliquis Judeus vel Judea aliquod Debitum exigere poterit de Rogero filio Petri filii Gilberti de debito suo proprio vel c. tunc essent ad compotum Et
ne Crestien ne lachate sur forfeiture de son chatel et de son heritage Et ensement est purveu par lavant dit Roy et par le consell Sire Edward et des avant dit prodes homes qe nul Gyvu des ore mes ne puse vendre sa dette a Crestien si il ne eyt primes le conge le Roy. Et si Crestien la chate par le conge le Roy rien ne pusse plus aver ke le Roy ne averoit si la dette eust en sa mein ceo est a saver le chatel qe est troue en chartre saunz Usure This Ordinance within few months after Anno 54 H. 3. was commanded to be put in execution by this writ to the Barons of the Exchequer which thus recites it Rex Baron de Scac. salutem Quia provisum est per. Nos et Edwardum Primogenitum nostrum et alios fideles de consilio nostro ad meliorationem status terrae nostrae et ad relevationem Christianorum a gravaminibus quae hactenus habuerunt per Judeos et Judaismum nostrum Angliae Quod omnia debita Judeorum quae sunt feoda et quae die Sancti Hillarii An. r. n. 53. fuerunt in manibus Judeorum et quae non fuerunt data et vendita Christianis ita quod ante diem illum essent confirmata per nos vel irrotulata in Rotulis nostris ad Scac. nostrum Judeorum quieta sint Christianis qui ea debent et eorum heredibus imperpetuum una cum arreragiis eorundem debitorum et quod Chartae de hujusmodi feodis ubicunque erunt inventae sint liberatae Christianis qui talia feoda debent vel eorum heredibus et quod si forte aliqua hujusmodi Carta sit inventa in Archa Cyrogr. vel extra amodo nullius sit valoris Et quod nullus Judeus a predicto die inantea talia debita de feodo recipiat vel faciat Et similiter quod nullus Judeus talia feoda Christianis vendat a predicto tempore super forisfacturam vitae suae et catallorum ipsius nec Christianus ea emat super forisfacturam catallorum ipsius et suae haereditatis Vobis mandamus quod omnia Cyrographa super hujusmodi feodis per quoscunque confecta coram vobis ad Scac. nostrum venire faciatis et ea quae ante praedict diem Sancti Hillarii non fuerunt per nos confirmata nec in rotulis nostris ad Scac. nostrum Judeorum irrotulata prout superius est expressum cancellari faciatis et creditoribus vel eorum haeredibus quieta reddatis T. R. apud Westm 14 die Maii. The later part of this Ordinance here omitted against selling debts without license is frequently recited in special Licenses granted by the King to Jews to sell their debts the very next year after its making and proved very gainfull to the King and his Officers Rex omnibus c. salutem Cum nuper de consilio Edwardi primogeniti nostri et aliorum fidelium regni nostri in praesentia nostra provisum esset quod nullus Judeus debitum aliquod quod sibi a Cristiano debetur alicui vendere possit ni si prius a nobis optenta super hoc licentia speciali et si Christianus aliquis debitum hujusmodi de licentia nostra emat nihil plus inde habeat quam nos haberemus si debitum illud esset in manu nostra viz. Catallum quod inventum est in Carta inde confecta SINE USURA Nos Jacobo fil Mosse Iudeo Oxon dedimus licentiam vendendi Galf. de Lukenore debitum illud in quo Laur. de Cheleston eidem Iudeo tenetur per cartam suam Et etiam idem Galfredo dedimus licentiam emendi idem debitum à praefat Judaeo in forma provisionis supradictae In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 7. die Maii. Claus 54 H. 3. m. 10. in sc ed. there is a writ to discharge some debts of the King out of the estate of a deceased Iew directed to the Iustices assigned for their custody In the Patent Rolls of this year I find this recital of the Kings grant of Aaron a Jew to his Sonne Edmond and of Edmonds grant and infranchisement of Aaron and the Kings confirmation thereof Omnibus c. salutem Inspeximus Cartam quam Edmundus fil noster fecit Aaron fil Vynes in haec verba Omnibus praesentem cartam visuris vel audituris Edmundus illustris Regis Angliae filius salutem Cum Dom. Rex pater noster dederit et concesserit Nobis Aaron fil Vynes Iudeum cum omnibus bonis debitis catallis suis liberam et quietam de omnibus Tallagiis auxiliis prestitis et demanmandis quibuscunque ita quod eum cum omnibus bonis catallis suis habeamus et teneamus cum omnibus libertatibus legibus et consuetudinibus Iudaismi Angliae prout hujusmodi concessio in praedicti patris nostri carta super hoc confecta plenius continetur Nos eidem Aaron Iudeo specialem gratiam facere volentes ipsum cum omnibus bonis debitis et catallis suis tenore praesentium donavimus libertati concedentes eidem quod ipse toto tempore vitae suae liber sit de nobis ab omnibus Tallagiis auxiliis prestitis demandis reddend nobis quamdiu vixerit quolibet anno ad festum Pentecost unum par caelcarium deaurator pro omnibus exactionibus demandis In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus apponi Dat. Winton 11 die Augusti Anno Reg. Dom. patr nostr praedicti 54. Nos autem praedictas donationem concessionem c. pro nobis haeredibus nostris quantum in nobis est concedimus et confirmamus sicut carta praedicta rationabiliter testatur T. ut supra Here the King grants a Jews person with all his goods debts and chattels to his Son like an absolute Villain and his Son thus infranchiseth him afterwards by this Charter which the King confirms and is mentioned in 18 E. 1. * hereafter cited This grant of Aaron by his Son is recited in this Patent Roll with this addition Volumus etiam quod idem Aaron habeat Archam ad reponend Cyrogr. sua loco quo in terris ipsius filii nostri moraturus fuerit secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi nostri et quod ministri nostri levari faciant eidem Iudeo debita sua quae ei debentur vel debebuntur de debitoribus suis in regno nostro prout rationabiter monstrare poterit per Cyrogr. sua vel per literas patentes quod ei in debitis illis teneantur prout de jure secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi praedict fuit faciendum I find this Patent of the Kings this year contradicting his Title to a Jews house as escheated to him by his death and ratifying the Jews demise thereof by his last Will. Rex omnibus
habendum et tenendum eidem Judaeo haeredibus suis in perpetuum eidem Judaeo quod praedictum Gardinum ab eadem Auntlera recipere possit tenore praesentium similiter licentiam concedimus specialem Nolentes quod eadem Auntlera vel haeredes sui aut praedictus Iudaeus authaeredes sui ratione venditionis seu recepitionis Gardini praedicti per nos vel haeredes nostros Justiciarios Ballivos aut alios Ministros nostros occasionentur gravantur in aliquo seu molestantur In cujus c T. R. apud West 17. die Junii The like Patent I find to Aaron the Kings Brothers Jew â—orementioned to sell his house and rents in fee to any Christian who should purchase them by his Lords license even after the Edict past and Letters of safe conduct granted for the Jews banishment and departure hence as appears by comparing their dates Rex omnibus c. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus licentiam dedimus Aaron fil Vynes Judaeo Edmundi fratris nostri carissimi quod ipse domos et redditus suos tam infra Civitatem nostram London quam infra Regnum nostrum de licentia voluntate praedicti fratris nostri Domini sui vendere possit upon his banishment hence quibuscunque Christiaenis voluerit absque impedimento nostri vel aliorum nostrorum quorumcunque eisdem Christianis quod domâ—s illas redditus ab eodem Iudaeo emere valeant similiter licentiamconcedimus specialem jure cujuslibet in omnibus semper salvo In cujus c T. R. apud Langeleye 28 die Julii After the date is the Letters for the Jews safe conduct out of England to the Sheriffs It is very observable that these three last Patents were made but a very little before and the last of them clearly after the Jews universal banishment voted resolved both by the King and Parliament For when as the King his Justices and Parliament by all their Inquisitions Commissions Care Providence and Execution of so many Jews in all parts could no ways suppresse their clipping and falsifying of the Money of the Realme nor yet reforme the manifold other wickednesse and misdemeanors of the English Jewes nor all the industry and pains of the Friers Preachers nor all that liberal provisions and grants of the King forecited to the House of Converts for their comfortable support maintenance and confirmation in the Christian faith so far operate upon their obstinate obdurate hearts as to convert any considerable number or any persons of note amongst them to the Christian faith from which many Converts apostatized nor yet suppresse their continual blasphemies against our crucified Saviour the Christian faith Sacraments of the Church and blessed Virgin Thereupon the King at the earnest frequent solicitation of the Commons assembled this year in Parliament after the Feast of St. Hilary enacted published an Edict or Decree in Parliament for the total universal and final banishment of all these wicked blasphemous unbeleeving Jews out of England then generally execrable detestable to all the people who were so desirous to be for ever quit of their company that they granted the King the 15 part of all their goods and moveables for their banishment and expulsion out of England as I have formerly proved at large by a full grand Jury of Historians and several Records in my former Demurrer against Sir Edward Cooks grosse assertion that they only voluntarily banished themselves because their usury was this year suppressed by the Stat. de Iudaismo which I have proved was made full 15 years before to be no cause at all of their exile now In pursuance of this Parliamentary Edict Decree now no where extant on Record all the Parliament Rolls before 5 Ed. 2. being wholly lost and many since by the carelessenesse or iniquity of the times except only an old Parchment Book of some Pleas in Parliam in E. 1 one Statute Roll of K. Ed. the 1. Ed. 2. and Ed. 3. wherein the Statute De Iudaismo with many other printed Acts are not to be found no more than this Edict for the Jews banishment though mentioned in many Histories and Records the King in this very moneth of Iuly sent several Writs Letters and Patents to the Sheriffs of Counties Mayors of Towns Bayliffs and Barons of the Cinqueports and likwise to Mariners reciting that he had prescrib'd a certain time term day to all and every of the Iews within the Realm for their departure out of it into forraign parts commanding them not to doe nor suffer any injury molestation grievance to be done to them by any in their passage beyond the Seas for which he had given them safe conduct but to grant them their wives and children a safe and speedy passage within the time prefixed them at the Jews own costs paying reasonable rates for their freights and passage without immoderate exactions especially on the poorer sort of them lest their passage should be hindred by such immoderate and unreasonable exactions I shall transcribe these Writs and Letters at large out of the Records themselves as most pertinent to my intended Theame beginning with those to Sheriffs Rex Vic Gloucestriae c. Cum Iudaeis Regni nostri universis certum tempus praefixerimus a Regno illo Transfretanoi Nolentes quod ipsi per Ministros nostro aut alios quoscunque aliter quam fieri consuevit indebite pertrectentur Tibi praecipimus quod per totam Ballivam tuam publicè proclamari et firmiter inhiberi facias ne quis eis intra terminum praedictum injuriam molestiam dampnum inferat seu gravamen Et cum contingat ipsos cum catallis suis quae eis concessimus versus partes London causa Transfretrationis suae dirigere gressus suos salvum securum conductum eis habere facias sumptibus eorum Proviso quod Iudaei praedicti ante recessum suum vadia Christianorum quae penes se habent illis quorum fuerint si ea acquietare voluerint restituant ut tenentur Teste Rege apud Westm 18 die Iulii Anno 18. E. 1. Consimiles Literae diriguntur Vicecomitibus Essex Ebor. Northampt. Lincoln Teste ut supra Item Vicecomitibus Hereford Suthampt. The form of the Letters for protection and safe conduct to particular Jews and their Families which the richer sort of Jews purchased at dear rates was this Rex Majoti et Ballivis Eborum salutem Quia certum diem praefixerimus Iudaeis nostris Angliae regnum nostrum exeundi et â—e ad partes alias transferendi Vobis mandamus quod Bonamico Judaeo Eborum uxori pueris vel familiae suae in personis aut rebus interim nullam molesâ—iam inferatis set ipsos quantum in vobis est manuteneatis protegatis et defendatis Et cum idem Bonamicus cum uxore pueris et familia sua post Terminum Proclamationis factae de vadiis Christianorum acquietandis ad partes maritimas causa transfretandi divertere