same and to see that none be permitted to buy any Corne to sell againe but by speciall licence and that of all maner of licences by Iustices of the Peace or by any other authoritie the parties that shall haue such licences shal cause an entry to be made in the books of the Peace remaining with the Custos Rotulorum or the Clerke of the Peace An order for all licences from the Iustices of the Peace to bee kept in a record for entrie wherof the party shal not pay aboue two pence and thereof the Custos Rotulorum or the Clerke shall keepe a good Register to be shewed to the Iustices whensoeuer they shall require the sight thereof That they take order with the common Bakers for the baking of Rie Barley Pease Regard to the Bakers for keeping of the sise of bread and Beanes for the vse of the poore and that they appoint speciall and fit persons diligently to see the people well dealt withall by the common Bakers and Brewers in all Townes and places in their Weights and Assizes hauing also regard that the Deputies of the Clerke of the Market do not abuse themselues in vnlawfull exactions for Weight and Measure and effectually to inquire for and search out the default therein and therupon to giue order for punishment of the offendor seuerely Bread faultie in any excesse to be sold towards the reliefe of the poore according to the Law and where any notable excessiue offence shal be in the Bakers to cause the bread to bee solde to the poorer sort vnder the ordinary prices as in part of punishment of the Baker No Badger to buy Corne but in open Market and with sufficient licence in writing That no Badgers of corn Bakers or Brewers buy any Graine or commune or bargaine for the same but in the time of open Markets and that but by Licence vnder the hands of the Iustices of the Diuision where they doe dwell or three of them and that they weekely bring their Licence with them to the Market where they do either buy or sel or els not to be suffered to buy any And that the Licence containe how much Graine of what kinde for what place they are licenced to buy and cary that there be set down vpon the Licence in writing the day place quantitie and price at which the Corne is bought that they take but measurably for the cariage baking and brewing thereof that they shewe their bookes weekely to such as the Iustices of the Diuision wherein they dwell The Badgers to shew weekly their bookes of buying shall appoint for that purpose being no Bakers or Badgers of Corne and that those within euery xiiii dayes make report to the Iustices of the Diuision wherein they dwell howe the people are dealt withall by the Badgers Bakers and Brewers and that such as haue sufficient to liue on or that are knowen to bee of any common euill behauiur bee not permitted to bee Badgers of Corne of which sort commonly the report is that there are too many and therefore the same would be remedied and foreseene Also that no Badgers bee permitted but such as the Statute doeth limite No Iustices seruant to be a Badger nor none other but such as shal be licensed in open Sessions and that no seruant of any bee licenced to bee a Badger except sixe of the Iustices at the least shall in open Sessions for some necessary cause allow any such and that none at all be allowed a Badger except he be allowed in open sessions not to be as it is in many places abused for gaine of the Clerke of the Peace or a Iustices Clerke graunted without allowance of the rest of the Iustices in their open Sessions No Badger Baker Brewer or Purueyour to buy Graine vntill an houre after the full Market beginne And furthermore that none be permitted to buy or prouide Corne in the Market in grosse as a Badger or Baker Brewer or Purueyour and such like vpon paine of imprisonment vntill one houre or more after the full Market be begunne that the poore may be first serued That the said Iustices or two Some Iustices to be present in the Market to see the poore relieued vpon reasonable prices or one of them at the least in euery Diuision shall be personally present at euery market within their seueral Diuisions during the whole time of the Market to see the orders to be taken by the authoritie hereof to be wel obserued and the poore people prouided of necessary Corne and that with as much fauour in the prices as by their earnest perswasion of the Iustices can be obtained By this it is not meant to charge any Lorde of Parliament being a Iustice of Peace to attende vpon any such seruice in any Market otherwise then it shall be with his owne good will but in all other causes tending to the execution of these orders it is hoped that euery person of any estate will readily giue aduise and assistance Where Iustices are wanting in any Hundred for to appoint some rich persons to supply the want If there shall be any Hundred Rape or Wapentake within the sayd Countie within the which or nere thereunto no sufficient number of the sayd Iustices of the Peace do dwell or inhabit the sayd Shirife and foure Iustices of the Peace of that Countie shall in that case appoynt some other honest Gentleman or the high Constables vnder Constables or such other graue honest and substantiall persons not being Corne masters dwelling within the said Hundred Rape or Wapentake as they shal by their discretions thinke conuenient to haue the charge doing the execution of these orders there whom they shal also instruct how to execute the same diligently and vprightly That ministers and preachers exhort the richer sort to be liberall to helpe the poore with mony or victual needful That all good meanes and perswasions be vsed by the Iustices in their seuerall diuisions and by admonitions and exhortations in Sermons in the Churches by the Preachers and Ministers of the Word that the poore may be serued of Corne at conuenient and charitable prices And to the furtherance thereof that the richer sort be earnestly mooued by Christian charitie to cause their Graine to be solde vnder the common prices of the Market to the poorer sort A deed of mercy that will doubtlesse be rewarded of Almightie God That there be no buying or bargeining of any kinde of Corne but in open Market and that the Iustices in their seueral Diuisions restraine common Maulsters of making Barlie Mault To make Mault of otes in countreys where there hath bene vse thereof in those countreyes and places where there be Oates sufficient to make Mault of for the vse of the people and to restraine as well the brewing of Barley Mault by or for Ale-houses or common Tiplers in those Countreis and places as also the excesse vse of any
⧠The renewing of certaine Orders deuised by the speciall commandement of the Queenes Maiestie for the reliefe and stay of the present dearth of Graine within the Realme in the yeere of our Lord 1586. Nowe to bee againe executed this present yere 1594. vpon like occasions as were seene the former yere With an addition of some other particular orders for Reformation of the great abuses in Ale-houses and such like Jmprinted at London by the Deputies of Christopher Barker Printer to the Queenes most excellent Maiestie 1594. HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE DIEV ET MON DROIT The renewing of certaine Orders deuised by the speciall commandement of the Queenes Maiestie for the reliefe and stay of the present dearth of Graine within the Realme THat the Shiriffe and Iustices of the Peace shal immediately vpon the receipt of these orders That the Iustices shall diuide themselues into sundry partes to execute these orders assemble them selues together with as much speede as they possible may And hauing conferred amōgst themselues vpon the contents hereof shall first for the better execution of the same diuide themselues into sundry companies and take amongest them into their charge by seuerall diuisions all the Hundreds Rapes or Wapentakes of the said Countie Item euery companie so allotted out To appoint sundry Iuries to inquire of things hereafter following shall forthwith direct their Precepts vnto the Shiriffe to warne the high Constables vnder Constables and other the most honest and substantiall inhabitantes within the same Hundred Rape or Wapentake to the number of xxxvi persons moe or fewer as the quantitie of the Hundred Rape or Wapentake shal require to appeare before them at a certaine place and within as short time after the receipt hereof as they conueniently may vpon the apparance of the sayde persons they shall diuide them into so many Iuries as they shall thinke meete giuing instruction to the said Shiriffe to returne as fewe of such as be knowen great Farmours for Corne or that haue store of graine to sell as he can And such of the persons so warned as shall not appeare but make default being sommoned and not hauing any iust or reasonable excuse alowable by the Iustices to be punished therefore at the good discretions of the Iustices both by Imprisonment and Fine before whom they are to appeare Item they shall first declare to the parties appearing the cause why they are sent for and therewith earnestly charge them in the feare of God to apply themselues to the seruice whereunto they shall be now called with al duetifulnesse and diligence and without any partialitie to any person and then they shall giue them the othe following The Iuries Othe The Othe of the Iurors with charge to enquire what number of persons be in the houses of them that haue store of Coine YOu shall sweare c. that you shall enquire and make true and due search and triall what number of persons euery housholder that hath Corne in their Barnes Stackes or other where as well Iustices of the Peace as others whatsoeuer within the Parish of _____ haue in their houses feeding lying and vprising or otherwise to bee fed what number of Acres they haue certainely to bee sowen this yeere with any manner of Graine what bargaines they haue made with any person for any kinde of Graine to bee solde by or to them to whome and by whom and vpon what prices they haue made the same and what quantitie of any manner of Graine they or any other haue in their Barnes Grainers Loftes Cellors or Floores or otherwise to be deliuered vnto them vpon any Bargaine Item what number of Badgers Kidders For Badgers Broggers and Cariers of Corne. Broggers or Carriers of Corne inhabite within the sayde Parish and whither they doe vse to carie their Corne which they doe buy where they doe vsually buy the same and what their names bee and howe long they haue vsed that trade and by whose Licence and to see the same Licences of what tenor they are of Item what number of Mault makers Mault makers Bakers and Brewers Bakers common Brewers or Ciplers dwel within the sayde Parish and who they are by name and howe long they haue vsed that trade and howe much they bake or brewe in the weeke and what other trade they haue whereby otherwise to liue Item Buyers of Corne to sel againe who within the sayde Parish bee the great buyers of Corne or doe vse to buy or haue bought any Corne or Graine to sell againe or haue solde it againe since Midsommer last Item Buyers of Corne vpon the ground who within the same Parish buyeth or haue bought or solde any Graine vpon the grounde of whome and to whome hath the same bene bought or solde and at what price and to certifie vnto vs of the Premisses and of euery part thereof on the _____ day of _____ now next comming And to euery part of these Articles you shall bring answere from point to point Against such as shall refuse to declare the trueth of the matters inquirable And if any shall refuse to declare the trueth of or concerning the premisses or of any part thereof to any the Iurours aforesayde requiring the same for their better information the Iurours shall bee informed that such person vpon the information of the sayd Iurour shall bee conuented before the Iustices of the Peace of the sayde Diuision or any two of them and sharply rebuked or if neede be punished for his contempt And if the partie so called in question shall not declare the full trueth thereof to the sayde Iustices he shall be committed by the said Iustices to the common Gaile as a person bound for his good behauiour and so to be continued without Baile vntill he shall conforme himself therein or otherwise at the discretions of the said Iustices he shall be bound in a good summe of money to make appearance before the Lords of her Maiesties priuie Counsell to answere vnto his contempt in that behalfe Parties offending to appeare before the Counsaile for further punishment and fine for ensample of al such disobedient persons A consideration of all persons that haue Corne to determine howe they shall serue the markets with such portions as they may spare That the saide Iustices of the Peace hauing receiued into their hands the verdict of the said Iuries answering to euery poynt of their charge shall call at certayne dayes by them to bee assigned such persons before them of euery Parish as vpon the presentment so made shall appeare to haue Corne to spare and vpon due consideration of the number of persons which euery person hath in his house according to their qualities and of the quantitie of Graine that the partie hath towarde the finding of the same or otherwise to be spent in his house and sowing of his groundes allowing to euery Householder for his expenses in
kinde of Mault by al common Brewers Maulsters and common Tiplers according to the true meaning of this Article And that the vnnecessary number of Alehouses and common Tiplers be foorth with suppressed in all places and that direction bee giuen to all Tipling houses Tauernes and Alehouses not to suffer any persons to repaire thither to eate and drinke at vnseasonable times or to continue in such houses longer then to satisfie their necessitie of eating and drinking That the Iustices vse al other good meanes possible that are not mentioned in these orders No wast of bread Corne superfluously nor any expense thereof but for seeding of people that the Markets may be well serued and the poore relieued in their prouisions during this time of dearth And that no expense of any Graine meet for bread to feede men be wasted vpon feeding of dogges or other beastes neyther that any bee spent in making stuffe called Starche None suffered to make Starch of any Graine as of late there hath bene discouered great quantity expended in that vaine matter being in no sort to be suffered to continue the rather also for that there are other things not hurtfull to the foode of man that may serue for such purposes if such purposes at least were requisite be solde either in Corne or meale but to charge them to continue the orderly vse of grinding of all maner of Corne that shal be brought to them in reasonable good sort and vpon reasonable Tolle And for better performance hereof some of the Iustices not affectionated to the Millers shall some time personally themseluâ—s resort to the milles to ouersee the doings of the said Millers and compell them to doe their dueties And where none of the Iustices can as need shall be weekely looke thereto personally they shall appoint certaine honest persons weekely to attend therto and to enforme themselues of the poorer sort how they are vsed in this time of dearth for their grinding and their Toll and present the defaults to the Iustices to be speedily reformed with all due seueritie Conferences to be had betwixt the Iustices of Peace in the Shires and the principall officers of Cities and townes corporate for prouisions of Graine for the inhabitants in Cities and corporate Townes Item where there are within the circuite of any Shire or thereto adioyning any Cities that are incorporated as Townes within themselues or any other Townes incorporate that haue by good authoritie Iustices of Peace of their owne inhabitants for that commonly such Cities and Townes haue their greatest number of housholders that are no owners of graine but haue common Bakers Brewers must of necessitie buy prouide their Corne or Meale at the Markets neere thereto to serue all other the inhabitants and resiants within the said Cities and Townes For the prouision of all such Cities Townes it shal be necessary that the Iustices of the Peace of the Shires next to the same Cities and Townes shall haue a meeting and conference with the head Officers of the sayd Cities and Townes howe and in what good manner the Bakers and Brewers and other housholders that shall also haue neede to prouide Corne or Meale for the necessarie vse of the priuate housholdes may be prouided at the Markets neere to the same And after due conference had hereof there shall bee by the Iustices of Peace and the foresaide head Officers some good orders set downe such as both may serue for the needefull vse of the same Townes and Cities and also may not by abuse giue cause of raising of prices in the Markets Countries adioyning And where there shall be adioyning to the same Cities Townes or not farre distant diuers Shires as in many places such is the situation of them there some of the Iustices of euery Shire so adioyning or not farre distant shall vse such conference and take such orders with the saide Officers as afore is mentioned And in such cases the Iustices of euery such Shire shal be enformed mutually from the one Shire vnto the other of the needefull prouisions to bee made from time to time for the saide Cities and Townes so as euery Shire may proportionably yeelde reasonable succour and reliefe out of their Markets to the Purueyors or to the Bakers Brewers as shall be requisite without burthening of the one more then the other may reasonably beare And if neede shall require the aforesaide principall Officers shall not refuse to acquaint the Iustices from whence the prouision shall bee bought and prouided howe such prouisions so had and bought in Markets are spent that by colour of such prouisions no abuse be committed to encrease the prices and so to leaue the poore vnable to be relieued Oâ—â—er foâ— places exempted from the Iurisdiction of the Iustices of peace in the bodyes of the Shires If there bee any speciall part within any Shire that hath as a libertie by speciall Commissions any Iustices of the Peace within the same the Shirife of the Shire shall send vnto the principall owner or Officer of such Libertie notice of these orders and shall charge them that the Iustices of the Peace within such Libertie doe their dueties for execution of al these orders as farre foorth as shall be requisite and therein also to vse by conference the aduise of some other Iustices next adioyning Regard to stay all transportation of Grayne out of the realme That in all Counties maritimme where Ports or Creeks are by which any Corne may be carried out of the Realme though also there are Commissioners appointed vnder the great Seale of England to take care that no Corne be shipped or laden in any vessell to passe out of the Realme Yet neuerthelesse the Iustices of the Peace that are not placed in that Commission if they be no owners of Corne to sell shall also vse their diligence to stay such lading of Corne either in Ports or Creekes or vpon any Riuers leading to the same And if the foresaide CoÌ„missioners shall not do their dueties therein by authoritie of their commission then any other Iustice by authoritie of these orders shall make stay of all such transportation and in his so doing shal be allowed and maintained And this is thought meet to be in this sort directed for that it may be doubted that amongest so many as are appointed in the foresaid Commission against transportation some may bee mistaken being themselues either transporters or friends or fauourers to transporters or negligent in the execution of the charge committed to them That the Iustices of the Peace doe once euery moneth certifie their doings and proceedings by force of these instructions vnto the Sheriffe of the sayde Countie Certificate to be made of the Execution of these Orders monethly to the Sheriffe and he to certifie the same to the priuie Counsell within euery fourty dayes in which certificate they shall also make certificate of such Iustices as shall be
absent from any of these seruices and the true cause of their absence and shal also certifie the vsuall prices of all kindes of Graine in their markets for that moneth past Of all which the same Sheriffe shall certifie to the Priuie counsell without any delay so as he doe certifie once in euery fourtie dayes at the furthest and so as also the default in any Iustice that shal be absent without necessary cause To certifie what Iustices be absent from the seruice that such as withoâ—t iust excuse shall not attend may be displaced and their roumes if there be neede supplied may be duely considered and reformed by authoritie of her Maiesties Counsell as reason shall require whereby such persons as are placed as Iustices for their credite may not continue in those roomes wherein they shall bee founde not disposed to attende such necessary and godly seruices as this is but that others of better disposition may supply those roomes if there shall bee neede of any such number as in most places it is thought not very needefull the number of late yeeres beeing in common opinion more hurtfull then profitable to Iustice And if any shall offend against the true meaning of these instructions or of any part thereof or shall vse any sinister meane to the defrauding thereof that such be seuerely punished according to the Lawes and for such obstinate persons as shall not conforme themselues the Iustices shall at their pleasure binde them to appeare before the Queenes Maiesties priuie Counsell by a day certaine there to be further dealt with by seuere punishment for the better ensample of all others ⧠Articles annexed to the former Orders to be executed by the Justices of Peace in places where they shall thinke conuenient 1594. FIrst to take viewe of the number of Ale-houses vitailing houses and tipling houses in euery Towne Parish Village and Hamlet within their Iurisdictions and vpon view had to consider what number of them are necessary and fitte for euery Towne Parish Village and Hamlet to continue And thereupon to discharge the superfluous number and such as are vnmeete to keepe the same and to allowe a conuenient number and no more 2. They which shall be allowed to be of honest conuersation that haue no other meanes to liue by and to giue newe bandes to her Maiesties vse to perfourme the orders following and such of them as refuse to bee bound not to be permitted to continue to keep any Alehouse Vitailing or Tipling house 3. To take strait order with the Brewers that they serue no Beere or Ale to any Alehous-keeper Victualler or Tipler but at such Rate and price as by the Iustices of Peace shal be set downe and appoynted by authoritie of the statute of 23. H. 8. Cap. 4. And yet the same to bee well sodden and well brewed of wholesome Graine as it ought to be vpon paine c. to be imposed by the Iustices 4. That no Vitailers Tiplers and Alehouse-keepers haue in their houses or doe permit to be brought into their houses any Cards Dice or Tables nor to suffer any to play in their houses yardes or backsides at any Cards Tables Dice or other vnlawfull games 5. That no Vitailer Tipler or Ale-house-keeper shal dresse or suffer to be dressed and eaten within his house any flesh vpon any forbidden day sauing for himselfe and his seruaunts in cases of necessitie according to the Statute in that behalfe prouided and this to be parcell of the Condition of their Bond. 6. That no Vitailer Tipler or Ale-house-keeper shall permit suffer any person or persons to lodge in his house aboue a day a night but such as he wil answer for as the Statutes yet in force doe require 7. To giue straight order and charge to euery Constable or other superiour Officer to whom it may appertaine that euery of them shall euery fifteene dayes search and enquire of the said other like disorders as by the Lawes and Statutes of this Realme they are commanded and required And if it shall seeme to the Iustices that the petie Constable be either a Vitailer or one that shall fauour the Vitailers in their faultes some other meeter person to be appointed to make the sayde Inquisition and Certificate 8 That Inquisition bee made in what places Mault is commonly made to bee solde by such as are called Maulsters and who they be and to take order that by buying and Engrossing of barley to make Mault they do not thereby store vp greater quantitie of Mault then they vsually bring to Markets thereby towards the end of the yeere to encrease the price thereof excessiuely of which abuse the Iustices are to take care to reforme the same