she_o know_v she_o will_v starve_v for_o no_o person_n thereafter_o will_v either_o give_v her_o meat_n or_o lodging_n and_o that_o all_o man_n will_v beat_v she_o and_o hound_n dog_n at_o she_o and_o that_o therefore_o she_o desire_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o world_n whereupon_o she_o weep_v most_o bitter_o and_o upon_o her_o knee_n call_v god_n to_o witness_v to_o what_o she_o say_v another_o tell_v i_o that_o she_o be_v afraid_a the_o devil_n will_v challenge_v a_o right_n to_o she_o after_o she_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o servant_n and_o will_v haunt_v she_o as_o the_o minister_n say_v when_o he_o be_v desire_v she_o to_o confess_v and_o therefore_o she_o desire_v to_o die_v and_o real_o minister_n be_v ofttimes_o indiscreet_a in_o their_o zeal_n to_o have_v poor_a creature_n to_o confess_v in_o this_o and_o i_o recommend_v to_o judge_n that_o the_o wise_a minister_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o they_o and_o those_o who_o be_v send_v shall_v be_v cautious_a in_o this_o vi_o many_o of_o they_o confess_v thing_n which_o all_o divine_n conclude_v impossible_a as_o transmutation_n of_o their_o body_n into_o beast_n and_o money_n into_o stone_n and_o their_o go_v through_o wall_n and_o close_o door_n and_o a_o thousand_o other_o ridiculous_a thing_n which_o have_v no_o truth_n nor_o existence_n but_o in_o their_o fancy_n vii_o the_o accuser_n here_o be_v master_n or_o neighbour_n who_o have_v their_o child_n dead_a and_o be_v engage_v by_o grief_n to_o suspect_v these_o poor_a creature_n i_o know_v one_o likewise_o burn_v because_o the_o lady_n be_v jealous_a of_o she_o with_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o crime_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o they_o be_v never_o assist_v or_o defend_v by_o their_o relation_n viii_o the_o witness_n and_o assyser_n be_v afraid_a that_o if_o they_o escape_v that_o they_o will_v die_v for_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o take_v a_o unwarrantable_a latitude_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o scarce_o ever_o any_o who_o be_v accuse_v before_o a_o country_n assize_n of_o neighbour_n do_v escape_v that_o trial_n ix_o commission_n be_v grant_v ordinary_o to_o gentleman_n and_o other_o in_o the_o country_n who_o be_v suspect_v upon_o this_o account_n and_o who_o be_v not_o exact_o enough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o crime_n which_o be_v so_o debateable_a among_o the_o most_o learned_a nor_o have_v the_o panel_n any_o to_o plead_v for_o they_o and_o to_o take_v notice_n who_o be_v lead_v as_o witness_n so_o that_o many_o be_v admit_v who_o be_v testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la and_o suspect_v and_o albeit_o their_o confession_n be_v send_v to_o and_o advise_v by_o the_o council_n before_o such_o commission_n be_v grant_v yet_o the_o council_n can_v know_v how_o these_o confession_n be_v emit_v nor_o all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a and_o can_v be_v know_v at_o a_o distance_n very_o many_o of_o these_o poor_a silly_a woman_n do_v reseal_a at_o the_o stake_n from_o the_o confâ—ssions_n they_o emit_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o yet_o have_v die_v very_o penitent_a and_o as_o it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o few_o will_v accuse_v themselves_o or_o confess_v against_o their_o own_o life_n yet_o very_a many_o confess_v this_o crime_n 3._o the_o method_n i_o shall_v use_v in_o treat_v of_o this_o crime_n shall_v be_v 1._o upon_o what_o suspicion_n witch_n may_v be_v apprehend_v 2._o what_o judge_n be_v competent_a 3._o what_o ditty_n be_v be_v relevant_a 4._o what_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a 5._o what_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n as_o to_o the_o first_o i_o know_v it_o be_v ordinary_a in_o scotland_n not_o only_o that_o magistrate_n do_v apprehend_v witch_n almost_o upon_o any_o dilation_n but_o even_o gentleman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v master_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v likewise_o make_v they_o prisoner_n and_o keep_v they_o so_o till_o they_o transmit_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o justice_n of_o peace_n magistrate_n or_o to_o some_o open_a prison_n but_o all_o this_o procedor_fw-la be_v most_o unwarrantable_a for_o gentleman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v vest_v with_o no_o authority_n shall_v upon_o no_o account_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n apprehend_v any_o upon_o suspicion_n that_o they_o be_v witch_n since_o to_o apprehend_v be_v a_o act_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v no_o prison_n shall_v receive_v any_o as_o suspect_v of_o witchcraft_n until_o they_o know_v that_o the_o person_n offer_v to_o they_o be_v apprehend_v by_o lawful_a authority_n 2._o since_o imprisonment_n be_v a_o punishment_n and_o constant_o attend_v with_o much_o infamy_n to_o the_o name_n and_o detriment_n to_o the_o affair_n of_o he_o who_o be_v imprison_v especial_o in_o witchcraft_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o there_o must_v some_o presumption_n precede_v all_o inquisition_n for_o the_o mean_a degree_n of_o inquisition_n though_o without_o captour_n do_v somewhat_o defame_v and_o that_o the_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v apprehend_v except_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o event_n of_o the_o inquisition_n that_o she_o lie_v under_o either_o many_o or_o pregnant_a suspicion_n such_o as_o that_o she_o be_v defame_v by_o other_o witch_n that_o she_o have_v be_v herself_o of_o a_o evil_a fame_n that_o she_o have_v be_v find_v charm_v or_o that_o the_o ordinary_a instrument_n of_o charm_v be_v find_v in_o her_o house_n and_o according_a to_o delrio_n opinion_n lib._n 5._o sect._n 2._o ad_fw-la assumendas_fw-la informationes_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la levia_fw-la judicia_fw-la sed_fw-la gravia_fw-la requiruntur_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la ut_fw-la citetur_fw-la reus_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la judex_fw-la specialiter_fw-la inquirat_fw-la iv._o witchcraft_n be_v crimen_fw-la utriusque_fw-la fori_fw-la by_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kirk-session_n use_v to_o inquire_v into_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o scandal_n and_o to_o take_v the_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n to_o receive_v witness_n against_o they_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n of_o janet_n barker_n and_o margaret_n lawder_n decemb_v 9_o 1643._o but_o since_o so_o much_o weight_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o deposition_n there_o emit_v kirk-session_n shall_v be_v very_o cautious_a in_o their_o procedor_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n q._n m._n 9_o parl._n 73._o act._n all_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o their_o depute_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n have_v power_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v ordain_v to_o execute_v that_o act_n against_o witchcraft_n which_o can_v import_v no_o more_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v concur_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n by_o apprehend_v or_o imprison_v the_o party_n suspect_v but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o they_o may_v concur_v that_o therefore_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o crime_n since_o the_o relevancy_n in_o it_o be_v ofttimes_o so_o intricat_a and_o the_o procedor_fw-la require_v necessary_o so_o much_o arbitrariness_n and_o the_o punishment_n be_v so_o severe_a that_o these_o consideration_n joint_o shall_v appropriate_v the_o cognition_n thereof_o sole_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n nor_o find_v i_o any_o instance_n wherein_o these_o inferior_a court_n have_v try_v this_o crime_n and_o albeit_o the_o council_n do_v ofttimes_o grant_v commission_n to_o countryman_n yet_o that_o seem_v dangerous_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o by_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v appoint_v that_o no_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o try_v murder_n and_o yet_o witchcraft_n shall_v be_v so_o try_v by_o commission_n the_o justice_n â—hen_o be_v the_o proper_a judge_n in_o witchcraft_n v._o as_o to_o the_o relevancy_n in_o this_o crime_n the_o first_o article_n use_v to_o be_v paction_n to_o serve_v the_o devil_n which_o be_v certain_o relevant_a per_fw-la se_fw-la without_o any_o addition_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o inditement_n especial_o in_o that_o of_o margaret_n hutchison_n august_n 10._o 1661._o and_o by_o delrio_n carpz_n p._n 1._o quest_n 49._o and_o other_o but_o because_o the_o devil_n use_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o man_n when_o he_o desire_v these_o poor_a creature_n to_o serve_v he_o therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v interrogat_n if_o they_o know_v he_o to_o be_v the_o devil_n when_o they_o condescend_v to_o his_o service_n paction_n with_o the_o devil_n be_v divide_v by_o lawyer_n in_o expressum_fw-la &_o tacitum_fw-la a_o express_a and_o tacit_n paction_n express_v paction_n be_v perform_v either_o by_o a_o formal_a promise_n give_v to_o the_o devil_n then_o present_a or_o by_o present_v a_o supplication_n to_o he_o or_o by_o give_v the_o promise_n to_o a_o proxy_n or_o commissioner_n impower_v by_o the_o devil_n for_o that_o effect_n which_o be_v use_v by_o some_o who_o dare_v not_o see_v himself_o the_o formula_fw-la set_v down_o by_o delrio_n be_v i_o deny_v god_n creator_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o i_o adhere_v to_o
proportionable_a to_o the_o violence_n offer_v by_o the_o aggressor_n and_o so_o exceed_v not_o moderamen_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la for_o the_o say_a panel_n strike_v not_o he_o with_o any_o mortal_a weapon_n but_o only_o give_v he_o a_o thrust_n with_o his_o hand_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o throw_v the_o defunct_a off_o he_o upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n only_o to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la and_o remit_v also_o the_o panel_n defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n self-defence_n and_o that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o inquest_n xi_o it_o be_v here_o controvert_v whether_o he_o who_o intend_v to_o kill_v one_o by_o a_o mistake_n kill_v not_o he_o but_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o murderer_n see_v as_o to_o the_o person_n kill_v the_o murderer_n have_v no_o design_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v die_v see_v the_o design_n of_o kill_v a_o man_n and_o not_o any_o one_o particular_a man_n be_v murder_n and_o the_o killer_n intend_v to_o deface_v god_n almighty_n image_n and_o to_o take_v from_o the_o king_n a_o subject_a and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v murder_n by_o bolton_n cap._n 11._o num_fw-la 24._o by_o who_o likewise_o it_o be_v give_v as_o a_o rule_n nihil_fw-la interest_n utrum_fw-la quis_fw-la occidat_fw-la a_o acausam_fw-la mortis_fw-la prabeat_fw-la and_o thus_o a_o son_n for_o have_v carry_v his_o father_n be_v sick_a in_o a_o frosty_a night_n from_o one_o town_n to_o another_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n because_o the_o father_n die_v and_o a_o harlot_n have_v expose_v her_o child_n in_o a_o orchard_n where_o a_o kite_n kill_v it_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n also_o &_o ibi_fw-la volunt_fw-la as_o reputatur_fw-la pro_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o murder_n this_o crime_n may_v be_v palliate_v under_o other_o shape_n this_o defence_n viz._n that_o the_o killer_n have_v no_o design_n to_o murder_n be_v a_o negative_a and_o so_o can_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o deadly_a fead_z former_o among_o the_o party_n 2._o if_o the_o party_n be_v kinsman_n or_o intimat_n 3._o if_o the_o killer_n strike_v with_o a_o staff_n have_v a_o sword_n or_o pistol_n or_o have_v these_o strike_v only_o with_o the_o hilt_n of_o his_o sword_n or_o with_o the_o head_n of_o his_o pistol_n and_o general_o it_o be_v rather_o presume_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la culposom_n then_o dolosum_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la nam_fw-la nunquam_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la dolus_fw-la by_o our_o law_n slaughter_n and_o murder_n do_v of_o old_a differ_v as_o homicidium_fw-la simplex_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o murder_v only_o commit_v as_o we_o call_v it_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v only_o proper_o call_v murder_n and_o punish_v as_o such_o k._n ja._n par._n 3._o cap._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o murder_n be_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v but_o chaudmella_n or_o slaughter_v commit_v upon_o sudden_o shall_v only_o be_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n vid._n act_n 95.96_o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o &_o 22._o par._n 4_o i._n 5_o &_o 35._o par._n 5._o ja._n 3._o &_o act_n 31._o par._n 6._o q_o m._n the_o old_a law_n to_o which_o these_o act_n relate_v be_v statute_n william_n c._n 5._o stat._n allexander_n c._n 6._o stat._n rob._n 2._o c._n 9_o in_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o murderer_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o forethought_a felony_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n of_o refuge_n in_o the_o girth_n but_o that_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o chaudmella_n or_o casual_a slaughter_n shall_v be_v shelter_v in_o the_o girth_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o none_o of_o these_o be_v in_o any_o other_o old_a statute_n to_o determine_v punishment_n of_o casual_a slaughter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murder_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o opposition_n and_o in_o all_o our_o law_n betwixt_o single_a slaughter_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n all_o casual_a slaughter_n be_v of_o old_a comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n chaudmella_n which_o be_v a_o french_a word_n chaud_fw-fr signify_v hot_a and_o mesler_n signify_v to_o mix_v but_o in_o effect_n this_o melletum_fw-la answer_n proper_o to_o rixa_fw-la &_o homicidium_fw-la in_fw-la rixa_fw-la commissum_fw-la which_o be_v but_o one_o species_n homicidii_fw-la non_fw-la dolosi_fw-la xii_o by_o the_o late_a 22._o act_n parl._n 1_o ch._n 2._o sess._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o casual_a homicide_n homicide_n commit_v in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o thief_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o see_v this_o act_n mention_n not_o homicide_n commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o homicidum_fw-la culposum_fw-la and_o see_v homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la differ_v from_o casual_a homicide_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o under_o the_o one_o the_o other_o may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o casual_a homicide_n be_v in_o this_o act_n a_o general_a term_n comprehend_v all_o homicide_n which_o be_v not_o commit_v by_o forethought_a felony_n because_o what_o be_v not_o design_v be_v casual_a and_o what_o be_v not_o forethought_a be_v casual_a and_o the_o doctor_n do_v use_v the_o word_n casual_a oftentimes_o in_o this_o general_a sense_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o gothofred_n prax_fw-la crim_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o this_o act_n which_o bear_v a_o act_n concern_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o casual_a homicide_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n casual_a be_v take_v there_o in_o a_o lax_n signification_n albeit_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o inscription_n be_v most_o improper_a see_v homicide_n in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o robber_n be_v not_o species_n of_o casual_a homicide_n but_o whether_o homicide_n in_o rixa_fw-la be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o act_n be_v controvert_v in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n and_o by_o that_o decision_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o in_o in_o our_o law_n though_o murder_n be_v not_o at_o first_o design_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v design_v the_o time_n the_o stroke_n be_v give_v the_o killer_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o premeditation_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v murder_n capital_a be_v only_o such_o as_o antecedit_fw-la actum_fw-la licet_fw-la non_fw-la congressum_fw-la the_o civilian_n in_o the_o case_n of_o homicidium_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la commissum_fw-la state_n three_o question_n the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v upon_o forethought_a felony_n and_o then_o indefinite_o all_o the_o assister_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o second_o be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a but_o it_o be_v only_o suspect_v and_o presumeable_a that_o it_o be_v deliberate_o commit_v and_o then_o all_o may_v be_v torture_v but_o if_o they_o deny_v the_o design_n they_o be_v all_o only_a punishable_a by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o murder_n be_v certain_o commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o tuilzie_a and_o then_o either_o the_o author_n of_o the_o pley_n be_v certain_o know_v and_o he_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n albeit_o many_o lawyer_n be_v positive_a that_o no_o country_n use_v this_o rigour_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n this_o be_v urge_v for_o there_o several_a gentleman_n have_v make_v a_o quarrel_n which_o be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n they_o go_v to_o the_o field_n of_o lie_v and_o hoom_n of_o eccles_n be_v kill_v but_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v who_o be_v the_o killer_n and_o the_o quarrel_n be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n who_o likewise_o prove_v that_o spot_n have_v the_o quarrel_n with_o eccles_n and_o that_o william_n dowglas_n have_v none_o and_o yet_o the_o assize_n find_v william_n guilty_a and_o he_o thereupon_o die_v because_o present_v xiii_o homicide_n likewise_o commit_v upon_o thief_n and_o robber_n break_v house_n in_o the_o night_n or_o commit_v in_o time_n of_o masterful_a depradation_n be_v free_a from_o punishment_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 22._o and_o albeit_o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_a such_o as_o be_v assoilzy_v from_o murder_n upon_o the_o defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n and_o homicide_n in_o defence_n yet_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n or_o night_n thief_n be_v free_a from_o all_o arbitrary_a punishment_n by_o this_o act_n likewise_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o as_o assist_v or_o defend_v the_o depredator_n or_o oppose_v their_o pursuit_n by_o force_n and_o by_o the_o 6._o act_n of_o the_o second_o session_n of_o that_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o party_n who_o good_n be_v rob_v shall_v acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n of_o the_o paroch_n who_o shall_v require_v all_o party_n to_o concur_v and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o
commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n do_v in_o june_n 1669._o ordain_v two_o skipper_n in_o bruntistand_n to_o be_v scourge_v at_o that_o mercat_n cross_n because_o when_o a_o customer_n come_v to_o enter_v a_o boat_n wherein_o unfree_a good_n be_v be_v allege_v to_o be_v they_o do_v put_v off_o the_o boat_n from_o the_o rock_n where_o it_o lay_v whereby_o the_o customer_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v almost_o drown_v title_n viii_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o crimnial_n 1._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o pass_v bill_n for_o criminal_a letter_n 2._o they_o advocate_n cause_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n 3._o they_o be_v judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la 4._o they_o have_v make_v statute_n for_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_n 5._o whether_o they_o can_v review_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 6._o they_o suspend_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 7._o they_o be_v judge_n to_o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o process_n before_o the_o session_n 8._o they_o grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n i._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v regular_o no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o pass_v the_o bill_n whereupon_o all_o criminal_a summons_n be_v raise_v for_o all_o summons_n in_o criminal_o must_v have_v a_o bill_n which_o must_v pass_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n and_o for_o which_o he_o get_v ten_o mark_n and_o his_o servant_n one_o thereafter_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o ordinar_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o as_o a_o common_a bill_n the_o reason_n why_o their_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o lord_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o justice-deputs_a be_v not_o ordinar_n residenter_n in_o town_n their_o salary_n not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o defray_v that_o charge_n or_o else_o because_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o bâ—lls_n be_v a_o member_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n yet_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o grievance_n give_v in_o by_o the_o justice_n to_o the_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1662._o and_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o employment_n it_o be_v to_o understand_v criminal_a case_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o pass_n of_o these_o bill_n and_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n refuse_v to_o pass_v these_o bill_n whereby_o the_o liedge_n be_v prejudge_v and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v not_o know_v what_o they_o be_v to_o judge_v especial_o this_o warrant_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o so_o fall_v natural_o under_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o who_o be_v judge_n to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o justice_n will_v pass_v their_o own_o bill_n it_o will_v sustain_v but_o now_o the_o justice_n use_v ordinary_o to_o pass_v their_o own_o bill_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o of_o the_o session_n but_o still_o other_o lord_n who_o be_v not_o justice_n may_v pass_v such_o bill_n but_o albeit_o these_o lores_n can_v judge_v crime_n yet_o they_o may_v and_o do_v punish_v injury_n commit_v against_o any_o of_o their_o own_o member_n by_o fine_v or_o confine_v ii_o they_o likewise_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n to_o the_o justice_n thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o mackintosh_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o inverness_n for_o theft-boot_n they_o advocate_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o justice_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o cognition_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o consequence_n be_v ill_o infert_v for_o the_o council_n do_v advocate_n and_o can_v not_o cognosce_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v advocate_n breius_fw-la for_o serve_v air_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n themselves_o for_o both_o in_o this_o and_o that_o case_n a_o inquest_n be_v necessary_a iii_o they_o be_v likewise_o judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la and_o their_o sentence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o assize_n to_o condemn_v without_o repeat_v the_o probation_n and_o when_o the_o inquest_n refuse_v to_o condemn_v upon_o that_o warrant_n they_o be_v of_o new_a enclose_v as_o be_v do_v in_o binny_v case_n and_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n if_o they_o assioilzie_a and_o their_o decreet_a bear_v the_o lord_n remit_v he_o to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la falsarius_fw-la and_o to_o under_o the_o law_n criminal_o and_o ordain_v that_o ordinance_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o their_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o that_o order_n be_v in_o the_o justice_n court_n call_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la the_o 2._o of_o july_n 1662._o albeit_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o require_v that_o all_o probation_n in_o criminal_o shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n yet_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v only_a probation_n here_o and_o that_o be_v read_v in_o face_n of_o the_o assize_n the_o lord_n likewise_o determine_v the_o punishment_n in_o falsehood_n and_o remit_v in_o their_o decreet_a the_o party_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v only_o banish_v or_o scourge_v or_o have_v his_o tongue_n bore_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o guilt_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o gentleman_n who_o i_o will_v not_o name_n in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o only_a imprison_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o forge_v of_o a_o false_a bond_n of_o suspension_n because_o he_o be_v ingenuous_a and_o in_o necessity_n and_o albeit_o this_o may_v seem_v irregular_a yet_o see_v the_o lord_n be_v only_o privy_a to_o the_o deposition_n it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v have_v this_o allowance_n i_o find_v it_o one_o of_o the_o rule_v set_v down_o by_o the_o doctor_n that_o ubi_fw-la cunque_fw-la iudex_fw-la principaliter_fw-la cognoscendo_fw-la reperit_fw-la incidenter_fw-la crimen_fw-la esse_fw-la comissum_fw-la potest_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la illo_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la c._n si_fw-la adversus_fw-la libre_fw-la l._n pen._n and_o the_o example_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v instance_a in_o charta_fw-la falsa_fw-la l._n pen._n c._n de_fw-fr probat_fw-la and_o upon_o improve_n a_o instrument_n or_o write_v they_o have_v ordain_v omnes_fw-la testes_fw-la instrumentarios_fw-la &_o falsi_fw-la fabricatores_fw-la to_o be_v fall_v sariâ—s_n and_o remit_v they_o to_o the_o justice_n the_o 16._o of_o february_n 1660._o fern_n inn_n and_o tarbat_n hang_v but_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o they_o have_v in_o any_o other_o case_n cognosce_v upon_o crime_n incidenter_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a rule_n will_v give_v they_o a_o incident_a jurisdiction_n in_o all_o case_n iv._o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v make_v statute_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o justice_n court_n for_o upon_o the_o 1._o of_o june_n 1593._o they_o declare_v that_o all_o land_a man_n shall_v be_v esteem_v pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o may_v sit_v upon_o nobleman_n assize_n be_v pursue_v tanquaritemerè_fw-la jurantes_fw-la sup_n assisa_fw-la and_o the_o council_n use_v to_o consult_v they_o in_o intricat_a case_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1667._o they_o be_v consult_v whether_o the_o west_n country_n rebel_n may_v be_v forefault_v in_o their_o absence_n v._o but_o whether_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o reduce_v or_o review_v what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n in_o any_o case_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v but_o i_o have_v see_v a_o reduction_n of_o a_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n pronounce_v against_o mr._n william_n somervel_v whereby_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o usury_n the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n be_v that_o the_o inquest_n have_v err_v in_o calculo_fw-la and_o it_o be_v contend_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v competent_a judge_n to_o review_v error_n in_o calculo_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o a_o civil_a medium_fw-la and_o where_o no_o criminal_a conclusion_n be_v crave_v nor_o can_v follow_v they_o be_v judge_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reduction_n of_o retour_n where_o the_o verdict_n may_v be_v reduce_v as_o past_a upon_o ignorance_n it_o be_v also_o urge_v that_o see_v the_o lord_n make_v statute_n to_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_v and_o past_o their_o bill_n they_o may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o palpable_a error_n commit_v ignorant_o by_o assize_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o the_o liedge_n shall_v not_o be_v repon_v against_o error_n of_o such_o ignorant_a person_n as_o assizer_n ordinary_o be_v vi_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v suspend_v the_o execution_n likewise_o of_o all_o sentence_n in_o the_o justice_n court_v but_o these_o suspention_n when_o once_o raise_v be_v discuss_v before_o the_o justice_n they_o likewise_o sometime_o discuss_v these_o suspention_n before_o the_o session_n
for_o above_o a_o hundred_o pound_n shall_v be_v sustain_v except_o it_o be_v otherwise_o warrant_v then_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o clerk_n albeit_o by_o the_o 75._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n ja._n 5._o the_o baron_n precept_n for_o summons_n in_o that_o court_n be_v so_o call_v shall_v be_v execute_v as_o summons_n before_o the_o lord_n and_o copy_n shall_v be_v leave_v and_o they_o endorse_v upon_o yet_o the_o 11._o of_o july_n 1634._o hay_o against_o airth_n it_o be_v find_v that_o execution_n by_o a_o baron_n officer_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o give_v in_o writ_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v probable_a by_o witness_n iii_o a_o baron_n have_v power_n may_v judge_v of_o theft_n if_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v in_o the_o fang_n quon_n attach_v cap._n 100_o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o baro_fw-la qui_fw-la libertatem_fw-la habet_fw-la de_fw-la sock_n &_o sack_n towle_z &_o theme_n possunt_fw-la judicare_fw-la furem_fw-la sasitum_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la furto_fw-la manifesto_fw-la sicut_fw-la haud_fw-la haebband_n &_o back_o beirand_a de_fw-fr praxi_fw-la baron_n do_v not_o punish_v slaughter_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o do_v so_o because_o 1._o the_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n will_v import_v the_o power_n of_o judge_a life_n and_o death_n 2._o by_o the_o 77._o cap._n quon_n attach_v omnes_fw-la barrones_n qui_fw-la habent_fw-la furcam_fw-la &_o fossam_fw-la de_fw-la latrocinio_fw-la de_fw-la hominis_fw-la occissione_n habeant_fw-la furcam_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la curiam_fw-la as_o the_o marginal_a note_n bear_v and_o by_o the_o 13._o cap._n leg._n mal._n 2._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o malefactor_n who_o hold_v of_o baron_n may_v be_v condemn_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o other_o malefactor_n be_v except_o in_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o which_o baron_n have_v no_o power_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v very_o clear_o infer_v that_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la other_o crime_n they_o have_v nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la 3._o by_o the_o 91._o act_n parl._n 1_o i._o 2._o it_o be_v statute_n if_o a_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o barony_n if_o the_o baron_n be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n he_o may_v proceed_v as_o the_o sheriff_n do_v and_o albeit_o hope_v in_o his_o large_a practic_n observe_n that_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n if_o he_o be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n may_v receive_v various_a interpretation_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o interpretation_n they_o can_v proper_o receive_v except_o this_o that_o these_o word_n be_v mean_v if_o he_o have_v the_o jurisdiction_n proper_a and_o competent_a to_o a_o baron_n which_o be_v pit_n and_o gallow_n nam_fw-la verba_fw-la generabia_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la sunt_fw-la secundum_fw-la subjectam_fw-la materiam_fw-la albeit_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v one_o of_o the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n yet_o a_o baron_n may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o and_o punish_v the_o raiser_n of_o fire_n rash_o within_o husband_n town_n in_o the_o barony_n i._o 1._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 75._o the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v if_o fire_n happen_v within_o husband_n town_n of_o barony_n we_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o their_o lord_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o bailiff_n in_o town_n do_v within_o burgh_n in_o which_o act_n by_o the_o word_n lord_n be_v mean_v baron_n for_o they_o be_v in_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n call_v lord_n of_o their_o own_o land_n or_o barony_n a_o baron_n may_v unlaw_n for_o absence_n for_o ten_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o and_o for_o blood_n he_o may_v unlaw_n for_o fifty_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o vitle_n fourteen_o of_o justice_n of_o peace_n our_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v call_v irenarchae_fw-la which_o signify_v in_o the_o greek_a the_o keeper_n of_o the_o peace_n irenarchae_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la tutelam_fw-la quietis_fw-la ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la per_fw-la singula_fw-la territoria_fw-la faciunt_fw-la stare_v concordiam_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la etiam_fw-la latrunculatores_fw-la sen_fw-la latronum_fw-la expulsores_fw-la their_o office_n be_v to_o apprehend_v rebel_n and_o thief_n who_o they_o can_v only_o examine_v and_o send_v to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n but_o can_v not_o judge_v they_o themselves_o their_o office_n be_v more_o full_o describe_v lib._n 10._o c._n tit_n 75._o but_o to_o speak_v proper_o latrunculatores_fw-la be_v our_o constable_n call_v by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d justice_n of_o peace_n and_o constable_n be_v once_o full_o settle_v among_o we_o by_o k._n i._n 6._o but_o their_o office_n have_v fall_v in_o desuetude_n it_o be_v revive_v by_o 38._o act_n 1._o parl._n 1_o sess._n k._n ch._n the_o 2._o by_o this_o act_n they_o be_v allow_v to_o meet_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n and_o to_o adjudge_v of_o servant_n fee_n and_o of_o mend_v the_o high_a way_n they_o have_v power_n to_o punish_v the_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v green_a wood_n slayer_n of_o red_a and_o black_a fish_n maker_n of_o moorburn_a keeper_n of_o crooves_n wilful_a beggar_n egyptian_n and_o their_o receptor_n drunkard_n prophaner_n of_o the_o sabbath_n as_o to_o all_o which_o his_o majesty_n promise_v to_o give_v they_o ample_a commission_n and_o to_o the_o end_n their_o power_n may_v not_o prejudge_v any_o other_o court_n former_o erect_v it_o be_v appoint_v by_o that_o act_n that_o fifteen_o day_n shall_v expire_v after_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o committer_n be_v to_o be_v convene_v which_o interval_n be_v give_v to_o the_o judge_n competent_a to_o do_v diligence_n and_o if_o he_o omit_v the_o same_o during_o that_o time_n than_o the_o justice_n may_v judge_v the_o same_o and_o one_o justice_n have_v power_n to_o bind_v the_o party_n complain_v upon_o to_o the_o peace_n under_o such_o pecunial_a sum_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o either_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o complainer_n who_o shall_v give_v his_o oath_n that_o he_o dread_v harm_n or_o the_o justice_n himself_o may_v exact_v the_o sum_n though_o none_o complain_v and_o if_o any_o person_n be_v charge_v to_o make_v his_o appearance_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n shall_v refuse_v it_o he_o be_v a_o land_a man_n who_o rent_n exceed_v a_o thousand_o mark_n or_o ten_o chalder_n of_o victual_n than_o he_o shall_v inform_v any_o of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n or_o if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n he_o may_v cause_n bring_v he_o by_o force_n before_o himself_o if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n condemn_v any_o person_n in_o blood-weit_a or_o any_o other_o pain_n but_o not_o proportional_o to_o the_o offence_n then_o the_o justice_n shall_v inform_v the_o privy_a council_n that_o they_o may_v take_v order_n therewith_o but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o satisfaction_n make_v by_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n to_o the_o party_n the_o justice_n may_v modify_v a_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n do_v by_o collusion_n clear_v the_o delinquent_n of_o a_o assize_n the_o party_n once_o clear_v be_v not_o to_o be_v further_o question_v but_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o all_o riot_n and_o break_v of_o peace_n if_o the_o committeeâ—s_v be_v under_o the_o degree_n of_o nobleman_n prelate_n counsellor_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n who_o may_v refer_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o party_n oath_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o summon_v and_o thereupon_o hold_v he_o as_o confess_v but_o if_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o personal_o execute_v than_o the_o defender_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v of_o new_a at_o his_o dwell_a house_n and_o these_o two_o citation_n at_o his_o dwell_a house_n shall_v be_v equivalent_a to_o one_o that_o be_v personal_a if_o the_o committer_n be_v above_o the_o foresay_a quality_n than_o the_o justice_n though_o they_o can_v judge_v they_o may_v for_o prevent_v of_o riot_n command_v they_o to_o find_v caution_n for_o keep_v of_o the_o peace_n and_o to_o compear_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o though_o they_o compear_v not_o yet_o whatever_o breach_n they_o commit_v in_o the_o interim_n shall_v be_v repute_n as_o great_a a_o contravention_n as_o if_o they_o have_v find_v caution_n at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o quarter_n session_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v to_o send_v to_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o council_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o they_o either_o have_v commit_v or_o have_v under_o surety_n with_o a_o short_a abreviat_fw-la of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o which_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o the_o former_a title_n call_v transmittere_fw-la cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o council_n may_v determine_v betwixt_o and_o the_o quarter_n session_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o
original_o emit_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n or_o at_o least_o adhere_v to_o before_o they_o and_o the_o testimony_n of_o two_o nottar_n and_o four_o witness_n be_v not_o equivalent_a to_o a_o verbal_a confession_n see_v they_o can_v not_o thereby_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v such_o as_o whether_o the_o confession_n be_v voluntar_n or_o extort_a or_o if_o it_o proceed_v upon_o a_o mistake_n or_o if_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o promise_n of_o life_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o party_n who_o confess_v may_v have_v emit_v that_o declaration_n upon_o a_o confidence_n that_o the_o same_o can_v not_o operat_fw-la against_o he_o be_v extrajudicial_a as_o say_v be_v 3._o that_o must_v be_v account_v a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n quae_fw-la non_fw-la emanavit_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la and_o this_o be_v such_o because_o there_o be_v no_o court_n fence_v here_o nor_o yet_o a_o assize_n swear_v whereas_o that_o be_v only_o call_v a_o judicial_a confession_n which_o be_v emit_v before_o those_o who_o be_v judge_n and_o whilst_o they_o be_v sit_v in_o judgement_n boss._n tit_n de_fw-fr confessis_fw-la 4._o the_o confessor_n here_o be_v a_o ignorant_a person_n and_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o scottish_a language_n and_o so_o may_v be_v very_o subject_a to_o mistake_v upon_o which_o reason_n the_o assize_n have_v demure_v the_o justice_n make_v application_n to_o the_o council_n but_o the_o case_n be_v by_o the_o council_n remit_v entire_o back_o to_o themselves_o they_o do_v find_v the_o foresay_a confession_n sufficient_a and_o macknab_n be_v thereupon_o convict_v according_o and_o hang_v but_o if_o the_o confession_n have_v only_o be_v subscribe_v by_o a_o judge_n i_o think_v it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v valid_a for_o that_o be_v to_o confound_v the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n witness_v and_o clerk_n and_o will_v tend_v to_o make_v all_o judge_n arbitrary_a so_o that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o liege_n shall_v depend_v upon_o one_o single_a testimony_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a especial_o in_o inferior_a court_n where_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o person_n of_o very_a little_a integrity_n sit_v as_o judge_n and_o which_o judge_n be_v oftentimes_o interest_v to_o get_v the_o panel_n condemn_v because_o thereby_o the_o escheat_n at_o least_o a_o part_n of_o it_o fall_v to_o themselves_o so_o far_o do_v our_o law_n require_v judicial_a confession_n that_o it_o have_v be_v debate_v that_o even_o a_o confession_n take_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n sit_v in_o judgement_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o the_o assize_n to_o proceed_v in_o condemn_v the_o party_n except_o the_o confession_n have_v be_v renew_v before_o they_o though_o the_o confession_n itself_o be_v subscribe_v and_o the_o subscription_n acknowledge_v for_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n require_v that_o the_o hail_n probation_n shall_v be_v use_v before_o the_o assize_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n accuse_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o emit_v of_o the_o confession_n be_v a_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o probation_n since_o law_n have_v lay_v great_a weight_n upon_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n how_o a_o confession_n be_v elicit_a measure_v exact_o the_o degree_n of_o constancy_n or_o fear_v appear_v in_o the_o panel_n as_o well_o as_o consider_v the_o motive_n by_o which_o he_o be_v induce_v to_o confess_v and_o what_o difference_n be_v there_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o assize_n whether_o the_o confession_n be_v emit_v before_o the_o justice_n or_o a_o inferior_a judge_n or_o why_o shall_v not_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n or_o confession_n of_o party_n take_v by_o way_n of_o precognition_n prove_v and_o yet_o their_o confession_n take_v before_o the_o justice_n prove_v but_o to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o confession_n emit_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o judge_n competent_a prove_v in_o all_o nation_n from_o which_o the_o foresay_a act_n shall_v not_o be_v make_v to_o derogat_n except_o it_o design_v the_o same_o clear_o but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n that_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v that_o any_o probation_n that_o be_v former_o good_a and_o probative_a shall_v be_v discharge_v but_o only_o that_o the_o way_n of_o use_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v regulat_fw-la and_o so_o subscribe_v paper_n be_v not_o reject_v for_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o paper_n prove_v treason_n and_o usury_n though_o they_o be_v not_o subscribe_v before_o the_o assize_n but_o that_o act_n only_o discharge_v a_o former_a wicked_a custom_n of_o carry_v in_o paper_n claudistine_o to_o the_o inquest_n which_o have_v not_o be_v open_o use_v before_o the_o panel_n likeas_n assizer_n do_v frequent_o condemn_v with_o we_o upon_o such_o confession_n the_o second_o question_n which_o may_v be_v here_o debate_v be_v whether_o when_o a_o person_n confess_v a_o crime_n with_o a_o quality_n and_o not_o simple_o if_o his_o confession_n may_v be_v divide_v so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v convict_v upon_o the_o confession_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o quality_n except_o he_o can_v prove_v the_o quality_n this_o be_v debate_v the_o 13._o of_o march_n 1668._o at_o which_o time_n one_o dumbar_n be_v pursue_v for_o wound_a colonel_n inn_n confess_v that_o he_o wound_v he_o but_o he_o do_v it_o in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o say_a colonel_n upon_o which_o confession_n it_o be_v allege_v he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a since_o a_o confession_n can_v no_o more_o be_v divide_v than_o a_o oath_n and_o it_o be_v a_o brocard_n in_o law_n that_o quod_fw-la approbas_fw-la non_fw-la reprobas_fw-la as_o also_o see_v the_o crime_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v but_o by_o the_o confession_n the_o confession_n be_v qualify_v be_v no_o confession_n without_o the_o qualification_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o probation_n beyond_o the_o quality_n i_o know_v that_o the_o doctor_n do_v in_o this_o case_n distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o qualify_a confession_n as_o be_v omit_v sub_fw-la unico_fw-la structu_fw-la verborum_fw-la as_o if_o the_o confession_n do_v bear_v i_o do_v kill_v in_o my_o own_o defence_n vel_fw-la sub_fw-la duplici_fw-la as_o i_o do_v kill_v but_o i_o kill_v in_o my_o own_o defence_n in_o the_o first_o they_o think_v the_o quality_n can_v be_v disjoin_v from_o the_o confession_n but_o in_o the_o second_o it_o may_v yet_o i_o think_v this_o but_o a_o subtlety_n for_o poor_a person_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v try_v for_o their_o life_n take_v not_o such_o pain_n to_o order_v their_o expression_n and_o their_o design_n in_o both_o be_v the_o same_o but_o i_o approve_v more_o that_o other_o opinion_n of_o these_o who_o think_v that_o such_o qualify_a confession_n may_v infer_v a_o arbitrary_a though_o less_o punishment_n paenam_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la as_o be_v assert_v by_o decius_n in_o cap._n cum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la extra_fw-la de_fw-fr except_o vid._n far._n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la quest_n 87._o cap._n 4._o and_o albeit_o i_o think_v that_o if_o there_o be_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o confessor_n as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o above_o relate_a case_n he_o behove_v cocasu_fw-la to_o prove_v that_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n otherwise_o then_o by_o adject_v a_o quality_n because_o presumption_n transfer_v the_o necessity_n of_o probation_n upon_o he_o against_o who_o the_o presumption_n be_v bring_v cod._a fab_n de_fw-fr sicar_n def_n 6._o non_fw-la scinditur_fw-la confessio_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la nisi_fw-la adsint_fw-la contraria_fw-la indicia_fw-la yet_o i_o think_v that_o such_o qualify_a confession_n as_o this_o be_v which_o imply_v a_o defence_n shall_v either_o prove_v the_o defence_n or_o else_o they_o shall_v not_o prove_v the_o libel_n and_o either_o shall_v be_v altogether_o believe_v or_o altogether_o reprobate_v for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o the_o design_n of_o the_o confessor_n to_o bind_v a_o guilt_n upon_o himself_o by_o the_o confession_n so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o he_o who_o be_v so_o ingenuous_a as_o to_o confess_v a_o guilt_n against_o himself_o will_v be_v likewise_o so_o ingenuous_a as_o to_o confess_v the_o truth_n real_o and_o sincere_o or_o if_o he_o omit_v this_o confession_n by_o a_o secret_a impulse_n of_o a_o superior_a power_n force_v he_o to_o confess_v the_o truth_n we_o may_v rational_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o impulse_n will_v likewise_o have_v enforce_v he_o to_o confess_v the_o truth_n in_o its_o fullness_n and_o simplicity_n &_o homicidium_fw-la indubio_fw-it non_fw-la dolose_a sed_fw-la ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la factum_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la qualitas_fw-la adjecta_fw-la habet_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la presumptionem_fw-la mascard_v deprobat_fw-la l._n 2._o concluss_n 867._o i_o do_v likewise_o think_v if_o the_o quality_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o first_o deposition_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o afterward_o be_v receive_v since_o
reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la conditione_n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la animatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o perduellion_n be_v hostilis_fw-la animus_n a_o design_n of_o raise_v arms._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o not_o only_o statutory_a treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n but_o that_o even_o simple_a conceal_n and_o not_o reveal_v or_o a_o malicious_a design_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n and_o such_o other_o treason_n as_o show_v not_o a_o desire_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o yet_o the_o basil._n l._n 12._o h._n t._n say_v that_o all_o the_o head_n of_o treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n excepto_fw-la capite_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o insidiarum_fw-la contra_fw-la principem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o defunct_a traitor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v up_o and_o bring_v to_o the_o panel_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o restalrig_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o defunct_n near_o of_o kin_n be_v call_v as_o defender_n for_o their_o interest_n both_o because_o their_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o forefaultur_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v defend_v the_o defunct_a and_o object_n both_o against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o the_o hability_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n add_v very_o well_o that_o haereditas_fw-la publicatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la crimen_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o since_o the_o forefault_a after_o death_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o former_a act_n bear_v express_o that_o these_o pursuit_n may_v be_v intend_v conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o these_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v with_o we_o in_o five_o year_n as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o shall_v since_o these_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la sequi_fw-la incommodum_fw-la the_o six_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n to_o the_o assize_n in_o perduellion_n though_o in_o other_o case_n the_o pannel_n advocat_n be_v to_o be_v last_o speaker_n and_o the_o last_o speaker_n have_v much_o advantage_n for_o he_o may_v answer_v all_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o opponent_n art_n 11._o regulation_n 1670._o xxiii_o the_o last_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o albeit_o of_o old_a no_o person_n can_v be_v condemn_v in_o absence_n by_o the_o justice_n yet_o the_o parliament_n still_o can_v have_v proceed_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n and_o now_o by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o perduellion_n and_o of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o probation_n and_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n even_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v first_o propound_v as_o a_o querie_n to_o the_o council_n they_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o session_n to_o who_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n give_v in_o the_o follow_a reason_n and_o query_n upon_o the_o 15._o august_n 1667._o whether_o or_o not_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n albeit_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n upon_o citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n and_o evidence_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n and_o doom_n of_o forefaultur_n if_o the_o ditty_n be_v prove_v the_o reason_n of_o scruple_n be_v that_o process_n of_o forefaultur_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a and_o that_o in_o other_o ordinary_a crime_n the_o defender_n if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a reason_n appear_v to_o be_v strong_a and_o relevant_a for_o the_o affirmative_a 1._o by_o the_o common_a law_n albeit_o a_o party_n absent_a can_v be_v condemn_v for_o a_o crime_n yet_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la exceptum_fw-la this_o be_v a_o speciality_n that_o absent_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v 2._o by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 5_o his_o 6._o parliament_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v good_a cause_n and_o action_n to_o pursue_v all_o summons_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n and_o commonwealth_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o good_a equity_n and_o reason_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o special_a law_n act_n or_o provision_n make_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o see_v by_o the_o common_a law_n person_n guilty_a of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v though_o they_o be_v absent_a it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n shall_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_n person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o absent_a and_o that_o he_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o say_a act_n so_o to_o do_v 3._o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o law_n equity_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a case_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o a_o worse_o by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o a_o traitor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o addition_n if_o any_o can_v be_v add_v to_o so_o high_a a_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v impunity_n and_o his_o majesty_n prejudge_v of_o the_o casuality_n arise_v to_o he_o by_o his_o forefaultur_n 4._o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o use_n to_o proceed_v and_o pronounce_v doom_n of_o forefaultur_n though_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o and_o by_o a_o legislative_a power_n but_o as_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n what_o be_v just_a before_o they_o be_v just_a and_o warrantable_a before_o other_o judicatories_n in_o the_o like_a case_n 5._o by_o the_o abovementioned_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o summon_v and_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v intent_a and_o pursue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o delinquent_n either_o his_o memory_n or_o estate_n delate_v the_o one_o and_o forefault_v the_o other_o whereupon_o sentence_n may_v follow_v to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a and_o therefore_o see_v sentence_n may_v follow_v when_o the_o delinquent_n can_v be_v present_a and_o be_v not_o in_o be_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o when_o they_o be_v wilful_o and_o contumacious_o absent_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v if_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n for_o punish_v and_o forefault_v of_o person_n be_v absent_a or_o that_o he_o shall_v wait_v till_o they_o die_v especial_o see_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o probation_n may_v perish_v by_o decease_n of_o the_o witness_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n their_o opinion_n edinburgh_n the_o 26._o of_o february_n 1667._o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n have_v consider_v the_o query_n above-written_a present_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n bellenden_n his_o majesty_n thesaurer_n depute_v it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o upon_o the_o justice_n citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n take_v before_o they_o the_o judge_n and_o assize_n may_v proceed_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n thereintil_o and_o forefaulter_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n though_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a sic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la io._n gilmore_n i._n p._n d._n upon_o this_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o process_n lead_v against_o these_o person_n and_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n parl._n 2._o ch._n 2._o ses._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o and_o judge_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o the_o parliament_n retain_v still_o a_o power_n cumulative_a with_o the_o justice_n and_o when_o process_n of_o treason_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o they_o may_v proceed_v as_o former_o and_o think_v this_o last_o act_n a_o great_a innovation_n of_o all_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o imaginable_a but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v safe_a that_o that_o privilege_n will_v have_v be_v grant_v to_o his_o majesty_n former_o and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o l._n penult_n ff_n de_fw-fr requirendis_fw-la eris_fw-la nam_fw-la annotabantur_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la post_fw-la anum_fw-la non_fw-la comparuerit_fw-la &_o satis_fw-la dederit_fw-la de_fw-la stando_fw-la non_fw-la recuperabit_fw-la
concurrer_n kill_v any_o of_o the_o robber_n they_o be_v declare_v free_a upon_o which_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n without_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v punishable_a and_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v see_v this_o act_n explain_v the_o other_o and_o modify_v somewhat_o the_o indefinite_a power_n give_v to_o private_a person_n who_o upon_o pretence_n of_o such_o invasion_n which_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o the_o last_o do_v wise_o require_v the_o concourse_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o upon_o this_o consideration_n i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v consult_v that_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o such_o as_o have_v not_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n can_v not_o be_v exculpat_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o this_o act_n narrate_v not_o the_o other_o nor_o bear_v express_o a_o rectification_n of_o it_o but_o without_o lessen_v the_o privilege_n therein_o grant_v add_v a_o new_a one_o and_o so_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o possessor_n shall_v not_o be_v interpret_v to_o their_o disadvantage_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n licebat_fw-la nocturnum_fw-la furum_fw-la occidere_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 227._o act_n 14._o par._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a for_o the_o liege_n to_o conveen_n and_o execute_v thief_n and_o they_o be_v all_o make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n upon_o which_o act_n a_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o kintail_n who_o take_v a_o robber_n and_o execute_v he_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o a_o formal_a court_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a furem_fw-la vel_fw-la predatorem_fw-la diurnum_fw-la occidere_fw-la except_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a value_n and_o can_v not_o be_v otherways_o recover_v or_o that_o he_o defend_v himself_o and_o resist_v his_o be_v apprehend_v all_o which_o defence_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o killer_n farin_n 125._o part_n 4._o and_o if_o any_o other_o probation_n be_v requisite_a the_o benefit_n of_o these_o act_n be_v a_o snare_n rather_o than_o a_o advantage_n and_o necessity_n legittimat_n many_o thing_n which_o be_v otherways_o hard_o fourteen_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o daughter_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n and_o to_o kill_v also_o her_o adulterer_n l._n part_n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr adult_n which_o be_v allow_v rather_o in_o hatred_n to_o adultery_n then_o because_o the_o law_n consider_v it_o be_v too_o hard_o for_o a_o father_n to_o restrain_v his_o passion_n in_o that_o case_n for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o the_o father_n only_o upon_o this_o last_o account_n it_o have_v be_v allow_v much_o more_o to_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v his_o wife_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n for_o his_o relation_n be_v near_o and_o his_o honour_n more_o concern_v than_o the_o father_n his_o passion_n behove_v to_o be_v also_o more_o violent_a and_o yet_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o husband_n violence_n do_v only_o allow_v the_o husband_n to_o kill_v the_o adulterer_n if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n but_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v find_v elsewhere_o then_o in_o the_o husband_n own_o house_n it_o it_o not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v they_o for_o the_o injury_n be_v heighten_v by_o pollute_v the_o husband_n own_o house_n and_o become_v a_o kind_n of_o adulterous_a hamsuckin_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o husband_n kill_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n that_o law_n ordain_v the_o husband_n only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o some_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n l._n marito_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr adulter_fw-la but_o this_o last_o determination_n do_v not_o satisfy_v justice_n for_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v rather_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n commit_v adultery_n than_o a_o mean_a person_n both_o because_o adultery_n be_v more_o ordinar_n among_o they_o as_o have_v more_o ease_n and_o be_v more_o luxorious_o feed_v and_o because_o the_o husband_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o presume_v to_o have_v have_v former_a quarrel_n with_o a_o person_n above_o his_o rank_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v believe_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o mere_o to_o satisfy_v his_o just_a revenge_n as_o also_o since_o they_o can_v soon_o prevail_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o rigid_o punish_v the_o law_n have_v deny_v this_o privilege_n to_o woman_n who_o may_v not_o kill_v their_o daughter_n or_o husband_n the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o conceive_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o husband_n be_v more_o prejudge_v than_o the_o wife_n by_o adultery_n since_o thereby_o not_o only_o be_v their_o bed_n defile_v but_o their_o estate_n carry_v away_o to_o another_o man_n child_n or_o else_o it_o think_v woman_n too_o passionate_a to_o be_v entrust_v with_o such_o a_o licence_n or_o that_o it_o be_v undecent_a to_o allow_v woman_n the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o yet_o i_o believe_v their_o just_a grief_n will_v secure_v they_o against_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n and_o though_o some_o prerogative_n be_v due_a to_o the_o man_n over_o his_o wife_n but_o not_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la yet_o woman_n may_v complain_v that_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n have_v take_v too_o great_a a_o measure_n of_o favour_n to_o themselves_o in_o this_o law_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o decision_n of_o this_o in_o our_o law_n and_o since_o our_o statute_n have_v secute_v murderer_n in_o other_o case_n as_o in_o self-defence_n kill_v of_o thief_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o have_v not_o privilege_v this_o case_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o husband_n nor_o rather_o can_v kill_v by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o most_o that_o they_o can_v expect_v be_v that_o after_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o the_o law_n the_o council_n may_v either_o change_v the_o doom_n of_o death_n into_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n or_o may_v recomend_v the_o party_n to_o his_o majesty_n clemency_n for_o a_o remission_n but_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v with_o death_n among_o we_o what_o almost_o all_o nation_n allow_v as_o lawful_a and_o what_o may_v be_v yet_o a_o further_a check_n to_o that_o grow_a vice_n and_o this_o seem_v just_a than_o to_o allow_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o husband_n or_o father_n who_o be_v person_n interest_v shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o concern_n and_o shall_v be_v judge_n when_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n and_o because_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o the_o law_n shall_v punish_v even_o he_o who_o possess_v by_o his_o own_o authority_n what_o be_v true_o his_o own_o and_o yet_o shall_v allow_v here_o the_o party_n interest_v to_o punish_v with_o death_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n or_o that_o passion_n which_o only_o infer_v mitigation_n of_o the_o pain_n elsewhere_o shall_v here_o infer_v absolute_a impunity_n for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v one_o irregular_a act_n legittimat_fw-la another_o since_o passion_n be_v a_o transgression_n against_o reason_n as_o adultery_n be_v against_o law_n but_o since_o this_o indulgence_n be_v personal_a and_o only_o grant_v to_o the_o father_n and_o husband_n because_o of_o their_o just_a passion_n and_o near_a relation_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o as_o kâ—ll_v by_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n command_v which_o command_v none_o ought_v to_o obey_v be_v contrair_a to_o law_n nor_o ought_v this_o indulgence_n to_o extend_v to_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n when_o they_o kill_v ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la and_o not_o when_o they_o find_v the_o committer_n in_o the_o very_a transgression_n for_o the_o law_n allow_v no_o passion_n to_o continue_v &_o therefore_o what_o ever_o revenge_n be_v allow_v to_o it_o be_v only_o allow_v if_o it_o be_v execute_v immediate_o &_o ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la and_o though_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la or_o immediate_o which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o doer_n go_v about_o any_o thing_n else_o yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o interpretation_n will_v be_v too_o lax_n in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o the_o killer_n can_v not_o plead_v this_o privilege_n except_o he_o kill_v they_o in_o the_o very_a act_n or_o rise_v from_o it_o homicidium_fw-la deliberatum_fw-la or_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v still_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o defunct_a for_o his_o majesty_n use_n stat._n rob._n 3._o cap._n 43._o and_o albeit_o lawyer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v still_o rather_o presumable_a to_o be_v casual_a then_o deliberate_a and_o that_o by_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n design_n be_v still_o libel_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o
law_n for_o try_v the_o innocency_n of_o such_o as_o want_v other_o legal_a probation_n the_o longabard_n first_o do_v allow_v this_o way_n of_o duel_v by_o pulick_a authority_n who_o do_v regulat_fw-la it_o by_o twenty_o several_a determination_n and_o thereafter_o it_o be_v renew_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n anno._n 1360._o but_o be_v bound_v with_o these_o four_o condition_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v only_o be_v allow_v in_o criminal_a and_o capital_a case_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v only_o be_v allow_v in_o crime_n treacherous_o commit_v where_o the_o truth_n can_v not_o be_v otherways_o find_v out_o 3._o where_o there_o do_v lie_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o person_n provoke_v 4._o where_o it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v such_o a_o crime_n commit_v against_o the_o provocker_n ii_o with_o we_o in_o scotland_n duel_n be_v allow_v not_o only_o for_o clear_v of_o innocence_n as_o to_o crime_n but_o likewise_o in_o civil_a case_n as_o when_o a_o heir_n deny_v that_o his_o predecessor_n grant_v a_o conjunctfie_n r.m._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o v._n 47._o and_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v deny_v to_o be_v lawful_o buy_v by_o the_o owner_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 13._o v._n 4._o but_o thereafter_o i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o 16._o cap._n stat._n rob._n 3._o all_o duel_n be_v discharge_v except_o in_o the_o four_o former_a case_n allow_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a the_o solemnity_n of_o cartel_n use_v in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o cast_n of_o glove_n to_o one_o another_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o skeen_n ad_fw-la cap._n 24._o v._n 9_o r._n m._n duelliones_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la regno_fw-la hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la chiro_fw-la thecas_fw-la offerunt_fw-la which_o custom_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o longohard_n law_n above_o cite_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o long._n the_o duel_n and_o dumhaud_n do_fw-mi cod_n the_o place_n appoint_v by_o our_o law_n for_o such_o duel_n be_v the_o bridge_n of_o stirling_n cap._n 28._o stat._n david_n 2._o and_o if_o the_o appealer_n in_o ordinar_n crime_n be_v foil_v and_o worsted_n his_o pledge_n pay_v the_o king_n nine_o cow_n and_o a_o colpindach_n and_o satisfy_v for_o the_o calumny_n stat._n alex._n cap._n 11._o but_o in_o treason_n the_o appealer_n worsted_n become_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o the_o party_n appease_v be_v worsted_n be_v disherish_v r._n m._n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o these_o duel_n be_v discharge_v by_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n monomachia_fw-la 2._o quest_n 4._o &_o cap._n ultim_fw-la exeunt_n de_fw-fr purge_v vulg_n though_o with_o we_o such_o judicial_a combat_n by_o authority_n be_v not_o absolute_o discharge_v for_o by_o the_o 12._o cap._n 16._o parl._n i._n 6._o wherein_o singular_a combat_n be_v discharge_v there_o be_v a_o exception_n make_v of_o such_o as_o be_v fight_v with_o his_o highness_n licence_n iii_o duel_n undertake_v without_o public_a authority_n be_v think_v by_o many_o lawyer_n to_o be_v lawful_a when_o undertake_v by_o a_o person_n who_o be_v injure_v in_o his_o honour_n if_o the_o party_n injure_v can_v be_v otherways_o repair_v either_o because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o judge_n in_o the_o place_n or_o else_o the_o injurer_n will_v not_o appear_v before_o he_o or_o though_o he_o compear_v the_o judge_n refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n ubi_fw-la enim_fw-la deficit_fw-la jus_o ibi_fw-la suplet_n ensis_fw-la &_o propria_fw-la ultio_fw-la bart._n in_o l._n host_n numb_a 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr cap_n &_o postlin_a rever_n and_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o these_o private_a combat_n be_v lawful_a for_o defence_n of_o our_o honour_n and_o as_o we_o may_v defend_v our_o life_n by_o take_v that_o of_o our_o neighbour_n so_o we_o may_v defend_v our_o honour_n by_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n but_o that_o duel_n be_v in_o themselves_o unlawful_a by_o all_o law_n appear_v very_o clear_o from_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o the_o law_n have_v just_o think_v fit_a that_o the_o magistrate_n only_o shall_v do_v justice_n to_o all_o and_o that_o no_o private_a man_n shall_v revenge_v himself_o for_o in_o so_o far_o he_o commit_v treason_n in_o assume_v the_o power_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n 2._o the_o power_n of_o take_v and_o use_v arm_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o consequent_o no_o private_a man_n shall_v run_v to_o arm_n upon_o a_o imagination_n that_o he_o be_v wrong_v in_o his_o honour_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o injury_n and_o reparation_n in_o such_o case_n a_o verbal_a injury_n be_v too_o severe_o punish_v when_o punish_v by_o death_n there_o be_v no_o proportion_n betwixt_o what_o may_v be_v help_v and_o what_o may_v not_o 4._o revenge_n belong_v to_o god_n it_o be_v a_o usurp_a of_o his_o power_n it_o be_v the_o destroy_v that_o body_n which_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o god_n the_o deface_a of_o his_o image_n whereas_o to_o deface_v even_o a_o prince_n image_n design_o be_v treason_n and_o it_o be_v a_o spill_n of_o that_o blood_n for_o which_o christ_n shed_v his_o 5._o it_o be_v a_o crime_n against_o a_o man_n self_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n self-murder_n nor_o need_v those_o who_o resolve_v to_o kill_v themselves_o take_v a_o base_a way_n since_o this_o honourable_a way_n be_v easy_a and_o patent_n for_o he_o may_v soon_o make_v quarrel_n and_o so_o kill_v constant_o till_o he_o be_v kill_v it_o be_v a_o crime_n against_o the_o common_a wealth_n because_o it_o destroy_v its_o subject_n and_o make_v the_o hateful_a sin_n of_o murder_n a_o desirable_a effect_n of_o glory_n it_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a offence_n against_o our_o friend_n since_o it_o draw_v they_o though_o innocent_a into_o the_o same_o snare_n as_o second_o assister_n and_o revenger_n and_o it_o be_v dishonourable_a because_o it_o wrong_v a_o man_n wife_n by_o make_v her_o miserable_a and_o notwithstanding_o of_o his_o many_o obligation_n to_o she_o 6._o it_o be_v a_o unjust_a decision_n of_o controversy_n since_o strength_n skill_n or_o accident_n prevail_v oftentimes_o against_o honour_n and_o innocence_n so_o that_o this_o trial_n shall_v neither_o be_v allow_v by_o justice_n nor_o honour_n and_o therefore_o augustus_n be_v provoke_v by_o anthony_n do_v noble_o answer_v that_o if_o anthony_n be_v weary_a of_o his_o life_n he_o may_v take_v any_o other_o way_n to_o dispatch_v himself_o and_o sertorius_n be_v provoke_v by_o metellus_n answer_v it_o be_v below_o a_o general_n to_o die_v like_o a_o common_a soldier_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v the_o magistrate_n will_v do_v justice_n in_o repair_v the_o fame_n of_o he_o who_o be_v wrong_v nor_o can_v a_o duel_n restore_v the_o fame_n that_o be_v lose_v for_o a_o duel_n show_v only_o a_o man_n to_o be_v resolute_a or_o desperate_a without_o be_v innocent_a or_o generous_a and_o it_o be_v more_o presumable_a that_o the_o provocke_n be_v just_o defame_v and_o find_v himself_o unable_a to_o survive_v the_o shame_n resolve_v to_o dispatch_v himself_o by_o this_o plausible_a way_n of_o self-murder_n nor_o can_v a_o man_n take_v a_o more_o easy_a way_n of_o publish_v that_o wherein_o he_o be_v defame_v then_o by_o kill_v the_o defamer_n whereby_o he_o will_v both_o bring_v himself_o and_o the_o occasion_n of_o that_o accident_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o world_n though_o that_o act_n discharge_v only_o singular_a combat_n and_o that_o the_o word_n singular_a combat_n be_v proper_o only_o applicable_a to_o the_o fight_v of_o two_o single_a person_n which_o be_v only_o proper_o call_v singular_a certamen_fw-la yet_o this_o singular_a certamen_fw-la or_o singular_a combat_n be_v proper_o enough_o extend_v where_o more_o fight_n on_o a_o side_n cagnol_n in_o l._n favorabiliores_fw-la 86._o ff_n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la jur_fw-fr v._o since_o fight_v of_o singular_a combat_n be_v only_o declare_v punishable_a therefore_o the_o give_v or_o receive_v challenge_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n though_o even_o that_o be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o the_o council_n arbitrarie_a as_o end_v to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n but_o since_o the_o very_a fight_n be_v declare_v punishable_a by_o death_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o such_o as_o fight_v combat_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o neither_o party_n be_v kill_v and_o if_o only_o kill_v have_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n this_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessary_a since_o that_o be_v punishable_a as_o murder_n before_o this_o act_n vi_o if_o any_o person_n be_v kill_v the_o libel_n be_v found_v both_o upon_o the_o act_n against_o murder_n and_o this_o act_n against_o duel_n but_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o way_n of_o libel_v be_v this_o that_o if_o the_o libel_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o act_n against_o murder_n than_o self-defence_n be_v receiveable_a by_o way_n of_o exculpation_n to_o eleid_v this_o
buy_v and_o present_o sell_v or_o within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v buy_v for_o the_o crime_n in_o this_o case_n be_v infer_v from_o the_o speciality_n of_o time_n and_o place_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n can_v not_o be_v infer_v though_o for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o fault_n except_o the_o panel_n have_v be_v convict_v for_o the_o first_o two_n which_o be_v spell_v likewise_o because_o the_o king_n can_v not_o be_v prejudge_v in_o his_o interest_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o confiscation_n by_o the_o negligence_n of_o his_o advocate_n or_o any_o private_a informer_n by_o not_o pursue_v nor_o can_v that_o negligence_n purge_v their_o guilt_n or_o procure_v they_o a_o impunity_n and_o it_o be_v absurd_a see_v crime_n and_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v commensurat_fw-la that_o these_o who_o have_v continue_v in_o that_o guilt_n for_o many_o year_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o punish_v than_o these_o who_o have_v but_o once_o incur_v the_o same_o title_n xxiv_o usury_n 1._o in_o what_o contract_v usury_n may_v be_v commit_v 2._o the_o take_n of_o more_o annualrent_a than_o the_o quota_fw-la state_v by_o law_n be_v the_o first_o branch_n of_o usury_n 3._o the_o second_o be_v to_o take_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n 4._o the_o three_o be_v to_o take_v wodset_n in_o defraud_n of_o the_o law_n 5._o whether_o a_o clause_n not_o to_o redeem_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v usury_n 6._o the_o probation_n of_o this_o crime_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o usury_n be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v by_o take_v more_o annualrent_a for_o any_o sum_n lend_v than_o what_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i._o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v proper_o in_o money_n &_o in_o mutuo_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o be_v both_o by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n extend_v to_o other_o contract_n for_o with_o we_o it_o be_v commit_v in_o bargain_n of_o victual_n or_o tack_n as_o shall_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o subsequent_a act_n and_o therefore_o lawyer_n divide_v usury_n into_o that_o which_o they_o call_v direct_v usury_n quae_fw-la obtinet_fw-la tantum_fw-la in_o mutuo_fw-la and_o indirect_a usury_n which_o take_v place_n in_o other_o contract_n usury_n be_v also_o divide_v in_o usuram_fw-la manifestam_fw-la &_o velatam_fw-la which_o coincides_a almost_o with_o the_o former_a distinction_n by_o our_o old_a law_n usury_n can_v not_o have_v be_v pursue_v in_o the_o usurer_n own_o life_n but_o he_o may_v have_v repent_v he_o of_o it_o at_o any_o time_n before_o his_o death_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o crime_n but_o the_o continuance_n in_o it_o which_o be_v punishable_a but_o if_o he_o repent_v not_o his_o heir_n may_v be_v forefault_v l._n 2._o reg._n maj._n cap._n 24._o and_o this_o skeen_n observe_v to_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n whereby_o the_o penalty_n of_o a_o live_a usurer_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o of_o a_o dead_a usurer_n to_o the_o church_n ii_o the_o true_a method_n in_o this_o title_n be_v to_o clear_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o usury_n determine_v by_o our_o statute_n the_o first_o species_n thereof_o be_v whoever_o receive_v more_o annualrent_a than_o ten_o for_o each_o hundred_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o ockerer_n or_o usurer_n conform_v to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n already_o make_v par._n 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o cap._n 52._o and_o yet_o i_o find_v no_o prior_n law_n to_o this_o express_v the_o punishment_n of_o usury_n only_o it_o be_v say_v par._n 6._o ja._n 2._o act_n 23._o that_o keeper_n of_o victual_n to_o a_o dearth_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o ockerer_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o usury_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1649._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o annualrent_a of_o money_n shall_v be_v at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n conform_v to_o which_o act_n all_o annualrent_n be_v pay_v in_o scotland_n till_o 1661._o at_o which_o time_n the_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v rescind_v whereupon_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o hugh_n roxburghs_n case_n march_z 23._o 1668._o whether_o the_o take_n of_o more_o annualrent_n than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n after_o the_o year_n 1649._o can_v infer_v usury_n and_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v urge_v from_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o contempt_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v no_o law_n that_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v ob_fw-la defectum_fw-la authoritatis_fw-la and_o without_o any_o salvo_fw-la as_o to_o what_o be_v pass_v 2._o the_o liedge_n may_v as_o well_o be_v punish_v now_o for_o transgress_v the_o penal_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o usurper_n see_v these_o be_v bind_v the_o time_n of_o the_o transgression_n and_o both_o want_n authority_n equal_o 3._o by_o the_o act_n betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n 1._o session_n 1._o parl._n k._n ch._n 2._o such_o paction_n be_v only_o declare_v usurious_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la futura_fw-la &_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la altetius_fw-la to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v in_o vigour_n till_o the_o year_n 1661._o ergo_fw-la before_o that_o time_n it_o be_v usury_n to_o take_v more_o than_o the_o annualrent_a therein_o prohibit_v and_o albeit_o the_o defect_n of_o authority_n may_v be_v plead_v where_o the_o crime_n commit_v depend_v mere_o upon_o the_o authority_n controvert_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n it_o can_v not_o see_v usury_n be_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v prohibit_v by_o all_o law_n and_o as_o to_o the_o quota_fw-la which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o parliament_n 1649._o it_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o concern_v the_o rebellion_n for_o which_o that_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v but_o be_v a_o reasonable_a and_o universal_a good_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o approve_v by_o the_o present_a parliament_n and_o those_o who_o take_v annualrent_a during_o that_o time_n at_o more_o than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n do_v in_o so_o far_o oppress_v their_o debtor_n beyond_o other_o and_o so_o shall_v be_v punish_v 2._o by_o the_o act_n anent_o penal_a statute_n 1661._o usury_n be_v except_v from_o the_o penal_a statute_n therein_o abridge_v which_o need_v not_o if_o the_o take_v more_o than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o year_n immediate_o precede_v have_v not_o be_v usury_n 3._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v still_o restrict_n the_o annualrent_n even_o during_o these_o year_n to_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v do_v if_o that_o law_n have_v not_o warrant_v they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o wauchop_n and_o lawder_n 1665._o for_o if_o that_o act_n be_v in_o force_n then_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o take_v more_o than_o be_v therein_o command_v if_o it_o be_v not_o abrogate_a then_o the_o former_a act_n 1648._o appoint_v eight_o per_n cent_n be_v in_o vigour_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o restrict_n the_o annualrent_a to_o six_o against_o a_o express_a law_n this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o the_o justice_n incline_v to_o think_v that_o though_o the_o act_n 1649._o be_v abrogate_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o decision_n of_o civil_a case_n because_o all_o bargain_n be_v then_o make_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o quota_fw-la thereby_o determine_v &_o erat_fw-la lex_fw-la habita_fw-la &_o reputata_fw-la but_o that_o be_v abrogate_a it_o can_v not_o find_v sufficient_o a_o criminal_a action_n to_o infer_v so_o severe_a a_o punishment_n as_o that_o of_o usury_n for_o a_o crime_n be_v main_o such_o because_o authority_n be_v contemn_v and_o contempt_n be_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o contempt_n where_o there_o be_v no_o authority_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v to_o employ_v his_o stock_n upon_o merchandise_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v get_v far_o more_o than_o the_o annualrent_a of_o his_o stock_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o friend_n then_o in_o great_a strait_n lend_v he_o his_o money_n for_o more_o than_o the_o ordinar_n profit_n if_o in_o that_o case_n he_o can_v be_v punishable_a as_o a_o usurer_n and_o albeit_o our_o law_n be_v general_a yet_o here_o ab_fw-la est_fw-la animus_n faenerandi_fw-la and_o there_o be_v no_o advantage_n take_v of_o the_o debtor_n necessity_n for_o which_o usury_n be_v main_o punishable_a and_o i_o find_v that_o abbas_n c._n naviganti_fw-la de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr num_fw-la 13._o &_o socin_n tract_n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr num_fw-la 75._o do_v conclude_v this_o to_o be_v no_o usury_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o some_o judicious_a lawyer_n with_o we_o do_v at_o a_o consultation_n upon_o this_o same_o case_n conclude_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v not_o receive_v this_o exception_n see_v
than_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o wodset_n commit_v usury_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o hazard_n and_o this_o bring_v to_o my_o memory_n a_o case_n debate_v upon_o the_o 22._o of_o january_n 1672._o wherein_o a_o gentleman_n be_v pursue_v as_o a_o usurer_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v take_v his_o debtor_n obliedge_v to_o pay_v he_o a_o boll_n for_o the_o annualrent_a of_o every_o hundred_o mark_v which_o according_a to_o the_o feir_n of_o the_o year_n do_v for_o the_o two_o year_n of_o his_o wodset_n extend_v to_o five_o pound_v the_o boll_n and_o so_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_a by_o twenty_o shilling_n every_o boll_n yet_o this_o be_v find_v no_o usury_n because_o he_o in_o that_o case_n take_v his_o hazard_n of_o the_o feir_n of_o the_o year_n which_o may_v have_v be_v much_o low_a and_o because_o that_o the_o price_n of_o victual_n vary_v much_o according_a to_o the_o several_a shire_n and_o year_n and_o lest_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v at_o a_o uncertainty_n in_o criminal_a case_n which_o be_v dangerous_a therefore_o by_o the_o 122._o act_n ja._n 6._o par._n 14._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v take_v more_o profit_n then_o according_a to_o ten_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n or_o five_o bolls_n of_o victual_n which_o the_o annualrent_a be_v then_o at_o ten_o of_o the_o hundred_o and_o now_o at_o six_o do_v allow_v according_a to_o that_o probation_n two_o bolls_n for_o the_o hundred_o mark_n whereas_o there_o be_v but_o only_o one_o boll_n take_v here_o for_o the_o annualrent_a for_o the_o hundred_o mark_v nor_o be_v this_o act_n abrogat_fw-la by_o the_o act_n 247._o par._n 15._o because_o though_o that_o be_v posterior_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o express_o abrogat_fw-la this_o act_n nor_o ought_v it_o to_o have_v be_v abrogat_fw-la for_o avoid_v of_o uncertainty_n as_o say_v be_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o undertake_n of_o hazard_n hinder_v the_o take_n of_o advantageous_a tack_n to_o infer_v usury_n as_o be_v decide_v september_n 1668._o wherein_o robert_n lawder_n be_v pursue_v as_o a_o usurer_n because_o he_o have_v take_v a_o tack_n of_o two_o butt_n of_o land_n and_o a_o dovecoat_n for_o four_o year_n which_o pay_v fifty_o mark_n yearly_a communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la and_o that_o for_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o annuulrent_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n which_o tack_v do_v bear_v this_o clause_n that_o if_o the_o first_o year_n robert_n be_v pay_v he_o shall_v defalck_n so_o much_o of_o the_o annualrent_a proportional_o notwithstanding_o of_o which_o clause_n he_o refuse_v to_o count_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o defender_n that_o the_o tacks-man_n have_v run_v a_o hazard_n because_o he_o may_v have_v be_v disappoint_v of_o all_o duty_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o will_v have_v get_v no_o relief_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o same_o hazard_n be_v in_o wodset_n and_o yet_o the_o take_v a_o wodset_n for_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a annualrent_n make_v the_o wodsetter_n incur_v the_o crime_n of_o usury_n nor_o can_v this_o hazard_n defend_v because_o it_o be_v not_o great_a and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o hazard_n in_o it_o not_o can_v the_o danger_n be_v here_o object_v see_v after_o expire_a of_o the_o year_n the_o receiver_n offer_v to_o count_n with_o the_o lender_n and_o to_o allow_v he_o both_o principal_a sum_n and_o annualrent_n to_o which_o it_o be_v triply_v that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n discharge_v usurary_n wodset_n do_v not_o discharge_v tack_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n as_o to_o usury_n betwixt_o tack_n and_o wodset_n for_o wodsetter_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o require_v their_o money_n from_o the_o debtor_n so_o that_o they_o lose_v not_o the_o sum_n though_o they_o lose_v their_o rent_n but_o tacksman_n lose_v all_o if_o their_o tack_n duty_n be_v not_o pay_v and_o as_o to_o their_o offer_n of_o count_v that_o be_v only_o competent_a after_o the_o first_o year_n it_o can_v not_o be_v object_v thereafter_o and_o the_o danger_n be_v pass_v before_o the_o offer_n the_o four_o degree_n of_o usury_n with_o we_o be_v to_o take_v bud_v or_o bribe_v for_o the_o loan_n of_o money_n or_o for_o continue_v it_o when_o it_o be_v lend_v whereupon_o many_o debate_n do_v arise_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o debtor_n give_v a_o gratuity_n to_o his_o creditor_n be_v oft_o actus_fw-la animi_fw-la be_v hard_o to_o be_v prove_v but_o general_o it_o be_v sustain_v that_o a_o proceed_n treaty_n must_v be_v prove_v or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v manifestus_fw-la that_o be_v a_o ordinar_n usurer_n for_o else_o to_o receive_v a_o gratuity_n be_v no_o crime_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o by_o lend_v money_n to_o my_o friend_n i_o shall_v become_v uncapable_a of_o a_o donation_n from_o he_o v._o the_o common_a law_n also_o sustain_v it_o to_o be_v usury_n if_o a_o man_n wodset_v his_o land_n and_o in_o the_o wodset_n provide_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a to_o redeem_v betwixt_o and_o a_o definit_a time_n for_o in_o that_o case_n it_o presume_v that_o the_o wodset_n grant_a adject_n this_o because_o of_o some_o know_a advantage_n and_o this_o be_v to_o take_v more_o advantage_n for_o money_n then_o the_o annualrent_a molm._n de_fw-fr censu_fw-la but_o this_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v to_o be_v usury_n nor_o do_v they_o find_v it_o a_o unlawful_a paction_n in_o the_o action_n betwixt_o sir_n john_n drummond_n and_o achtertyr_n and_o in_o effect_n these_o paction_n be_v allow_v by_o act_n 62._o p._n 1._o k._n c._n 1._o s._n 1._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v usury_n to_o take_v annualrent_a for_o annualrent_a at_o least_o it_o be_v declare_v unlawful_a l._n ult_n c._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr and_o i_o conceive_v that_o to_o swell_v up_o annualrent_n thus_o beyond_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v will_v infer_v usury_n with_o we_o for_o else_o the_o law_n may_v be_v thus_o cheat_v but_o though_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v unlawful_a and_o usury_n to_o accumulat_fw-la annualrent_n with_o the_o principal_a sum_n and_o to_o make_v both_o bear_v annualrent_a which_o be_v call_v anatocismus_fw-la and_o be_v discharge_v l._n 28._o c._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr yet_o with_o we_o such_o paction_n be_v most_o lawful_a for_o since_o if_o the_o annual_n have_v be_v pay_v they_o have_v bear_v annual_n why_o may_v they_o not_o be_v lend_v out_o to_o the_o debtor_n as_o well_o as_o to_o other_o vi_o the_o probation_n of_o usury_n be_v either_o by_o writ_n witness_n or_o oath_n as_o to_o write_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v how_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v recover_v it_o for_o instruct_v his_o libel_n the_o writ_n be_v ordinary_o in_o the_o usurer_n own_o hand_n and_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la contra_fw-la se._n and_o yet_o i_o find_v lawyer_n very_o clear_a that_o hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la contra_fw-la se_fw-la bartol_n &_o doctores_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n praetor_n §_o be_v etiam_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr edendo_fw-la arelat_n de_fw-fr heretic_n notabil_n 21._o and_o see_v with_o we_o usurer_n be_v obliedge_v to_o swear_v against_o the_o common_a criminal_a rule_n because_o of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o crime_n why_o shall_v they_o not_o be_v oblige_v to_o produce_v their_o writ_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o as_o to_o the_o former_a maxim_n that_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o it_o hold_v not_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la for_o we_o see_v that_o in_o improbation_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v force_v the_o defender_n upon_o a_o alledgeance_n of_o falsehood_n to_o produce_v all_o his_o writ_n and_o why_o not_o in_o usury_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v ordinary_o advise_v in_o such_o case_n to_o raise_v a_o exhibition_n as_o to_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n it_o be_v doubt_v if_o the_o debtor_n who_o lend_v the_o money_n may_v be_v receive_v as_o witness_v see_v he_o be_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o take_v as_o well_o as_o to_o give_v upon_o usury_n but_o with_o we_o these_o be_v receive_v as_o hissleside_n in_o somervel_n case_n 18._o jan._n 1667._o but_o thereafter_o the_o justice_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o sustain_v the_o debtor_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n 11._o november_n 1667._o his_o majesty_n advocate_n contra_fw-la wilson_n and_o that_o because_o by_o the_o 7._o act_n p._n 16._o k._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o usury_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n and_o witness_n insert_v without_o receive_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n for_o evit_v perjury_n nor_o will_v the_o justice_n sustain_v as_o a_o reply_n that_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_a in_o this_o case_n have_v pay_v the_o
sum_n and_o so_o be_v no_o more_o debtor_n and_o can_v expect_v no_o advantage_n and_o so_o the_o fear_n of_o perjury_n cease_v and_o as_o to_o the_o foresay_a seven_o act_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v only_o make_v not_o to_o exclude_v the_o debtor_n absolute_o but_o to_o correct_v the_o 257._o act_n 15._o p._n k._n i._n 6._o whereby_o the_o oath_n of_o party_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v receivable_a as_o decisive_a of_o the_o cause_n as_o to_o other_o witness_n our_o ordinary_a distinction_n be_v that_o paction_n in_o usury_n be_v either_o extrinsic_a to_o the_o bond_n or_o write_v as_o be_v the_o take_a bud_n or_o bribe_v for_o continue_v a_o sum_n and_o these_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o witness_n albeit_o by_o the_o foresay_a 7._o act._n it_o be_v say_v that_o usury_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n and_o witness_n insert_v but_o paction_n which_o concern_v the_o writ_n itself_o as_o that_o whereby_o more_o be_v promise_v then_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o bond_n these_o can_v be_v prove_v but_o by_o the_o witness_n insert_v for_o else_o write_v may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n as_o to_o oath_n of_o party_n it_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a act_n against_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o law_n by_o which_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la jurare_fw-la in_o svam_fw-la turpitudinem_fw-la and_o the_o justice_n according_o do_v force_v the_o panel_n to_o swear_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n above_o cite_v but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o act_n shall_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o civil_a and_o not_o criminal_a case_n for_o that_o act_n say_v that_o litiscontestation_n be_v make_v it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o receive_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o litiscontestation_n in_o criminal_n go_v this_o act_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o these_o case_n vii_o usury_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o the_o proper_a product_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pecuniae_fw-la but_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n it_o be_v punish_v and_o most_o lawyer_n think_v it_o may_v be_v punish_v criminal_o decius_n consil._n 130._o and_o it_o be_v call_v crimen_fw-la utriusque_fw-la fori_fw-la because_o it_o be_v punishable_a civil_o and_o ecclesiastical_o the_o pain_n of_o usury_n with_o we_o be_v that_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o his_o obligation_n or_o have_v back_o his_o pledge_n or_o if_o the_o debtor_n conceal_v than_o the_o revealer_n shall_v have_v right_a to_o the_o sum_n act_n 222._o k._n i._n 6._o par._n 14._o and_o by_o the_o 248_o act_n p._n 15._o k._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o usurary_n bond_n or_o contract_n shall_v be_v reduce_v and_o be_v reduce_v the_o sum_n shall_v belong_v to_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o donator_n and_o the_o party_n to_o have_v repetition_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n pay_v by_o he_o in_o case_n only_o he_o concur_v with_o the_o donator_n in_o the_o reduction_n title_n xxv_o the_o dribe_v partiality_n and_o negligence_n of_o judge_n 1._o what_o be_v bribe_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o what_o by_o our_o law_n and_o how_o our_o law_n punish_v it_o 3._o crimen_fw-la repecundarum_fw-la &_o barratriae_fw-la 4._o whether_o arbiter_n deligat_n or_o assessor_n be_v punishable_a for_o take_v bribe_n 5._o how_o negligent_a judge_n be_v punishable_a it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o make_v good_a law_n if_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o be_v not_o commit_v to_o just_a and_o diligent_a person_n as_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v a_o exact_a balance_n if_o that_o balance_n be_v not_o put_v in_o a_o good_a hand_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o law_n have_v be_v very_o liberal_a of_o its_o privilege_n to_o just_a judge_n and_o severe_a in_o punish_v such_o as_o offend_v they_o so_o it_o have_v punish_v with_o the_o same_o rigour_n such_o judge_n as_o transgress_v either_o by_o bribe_v negligence_n or_o partiality_n which_o be_v three_o distinct_a species_n forbid_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o we_o i._o bribe_v be_v the_o take_n of_o money_n or_o other_o good_a deed_n either_o for_o do_v of_o justice_n or_o commit_v of_o unjustice_n there_o be_v indeed_o some_o lawyer_n who_o think_v that_o a_o judge_n take_v money_n in_o a_o civil_a cause_n to_o do_v justice_n do_v not_o thereby_o commit_v a_o crime_n but_o be_v only_o liable_a to_o restitution_n menoch_n 2._o arb._n 342._o n._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v express_o contrary_a to_o sound_v reason_n since_o if_o take_v upon_o any_o term_n be_v allow_v the_o law_n may_v be_v elude_v and_o judge_n will_v be_v thereby_o tempt_v not_o only_o to_o take_v bribe_n but_o to_o take_v pain_n to_o justify_v what_o they_o have_v do_v but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o this_o opinion_n be_v neither_o prove_v per_fw-la l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr l._n jul_a repetund_a for_o there_o it_o be_v not_o only_o say_v non_fw-la excipiet_fw-la quo_fw-la magis_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la quid_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la svo_fw-la fecerit_fw-la which_o prohibit_v only_o a_o excess_n in_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o do_v justice_n for_o money_n nor_o perl_n 3._o c._n eod_a since_o that_o law_n do_v only_o in_o the_o general_n forbid_v the_o take_n of_o money_n but_o this_o be_v express_o forbid_v l._n 2._o §_o 2_o ff_n de_fw-mi condict_v obturp_v cause_n where_o it_o be_v declare_v a_o crime_n but_o the_o punishment_n there_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v litem_fw-la svam_fw-la facere_fw-la and_o skeen_n ad_fw-la stat._n 25._o wil._n say_v that_o non_fw-la licet_fw-la judici_fw-la vendere_fw-la judicium_fw-la justum_fw-la ii_o by_o our_o law_n the_o king_n judge_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n upon_o what_o they_o have_v do_v as_o judge_n and_o if_o they_o be_v convict_v they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o fault_n cap._n 13._o stat._n rob._n 2._o and_o the_o judge_n of_o inferior_a court_n such_o as_o regality_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v either_o culpable_a or_o remiss_a they_o be_v to_o escheat_n their_o moveable_n and_o their_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v or_o in_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o regality_n cap._n 14._o ibid._n and_o by_o the_o 26._o act_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 5._o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o officer_n of_o fee_n that_o be_v to_o say_v any_o heritable_a officer_n be_v to_o be_v put_v from_o his_o office_n for_o three_o year_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a and_o a_o ordinary_a judge_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a lose_v his_o office_n forever_o and_o though_o his_o person_n be_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o king_n will_n and_o the_o pay_v of_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v be_v only_o add_v to_o the_o punishment_n express_v against_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o heritable_a yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o be_v add_v in_o the_o last_o place_n it_o be_v applicable_a both_o to_o the_o heritable_a judge_n and_o other_o likeas_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o by_o all_o these_o act_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n be_v only_o express_v to_o be_v the_o judge_n competent_a yet_o the_o practica_fw-la the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a if_o partiality_n be_v commit_v in_o any_o criminal_a cause_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o sheriff_n shall_v execute_v any_o panel_n upon_o a_o crime_n prove_v only_o against_o he_o by_o the_o pursuer_n brother_n or_o other_o inhabile_fw-la witness_n or_o upon_o a_o libel_n which_o be_v palpable_o irrelevant_a in_o these_o and_o in_o such_o other_o criminal_a case_n the_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o council_n will_v be_v only_a judge_n competent_a nor_o be_v partiality_n in_o civil_a case_n a_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n though_o it_o be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n paena_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la and_o by_o resound_v of_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o foresay_a law_n strike_v only_o against_o partiality_n in_o general_a but_o bribe_v be_v express_o discharge_v by_o the_o 25._o chap._n stat._n k._n william_n but_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n there_o express_v and_o therefore_o skeen_n add_v in_o his_o observation_n the_o punishment_n of_o l._n 1._o cum_fw-la aut_fw-la hent_n c._n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la judic_fw-la and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 22._o chap._n 1._o stat._n rob._n 1._o all_o judge_n be_v forbid_v to_o take_v land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o to_o champart_n either_o for_o give_v defer_v or_o prolong_v of_o justice_n and_o the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n for_o all_o their_o life_n champart_n be_v a_o french_a word_n signify_v part_n du_fw-fr champ_n a_o part_n of_o any_o land_n so_o that_o by_o a_o metaphor_n the_o take_v any_o part_n of_o the_o
it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v conceive_v disjunctive_o likeas_n it_o seem_v that_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v design_v to_o add_v the_o word_n common_a to_o receipt_n and_o stouthreif_n they_o will_v have_v add_v the_o same_o to_o prevent_v this_o objection_n and_o it_o seem_v indeed_o that_o stouthreif_n which_o be_v that_o species_n of_o theft_n that_o we_o call_v robery_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n in_o land_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o common_o commit_v the_o same_o because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v robbery_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v rob_v than_o steal_v this_o crime_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v in_o they_o as_o common_a theft_n and_o according_o the_o foresay_a alledgiance_n be_v propon_v for_o james_n wood_n the_o 21._o may_v 1601._o it_o be_v repel_v iii_o in_o this_o process_n likewise_o the_o say_a james_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o rob_v the_o writ_n and_o evident_n belong_v to_o bonitown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi oughts_z to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o land_n to_o which_o these_o evident_n belong_v because_o if_o that_o be_v condescend_v on_o the_o panel_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o say_v land_n and_o consequent_o the_o evident_n do_v belong_v to_o himself_o which_o alledgiance_n be_v likewise_o repel_v nor_o be_v it_o find_v necessary_a that_o a_o civil_a precognition_n shall_v proceed_v in_o this_o case_n and_o in_o june_n 1668._o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o libel_n be_v relevant_a bear_v in_o general_n that_o jewel_n or_o pearl_n be_v steal_v without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a number_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o macgibbons_n decemb._n 8._o 1676._o that_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o person_n from_o who_o the_o good_n be_v rob_v nor_o what_o good_n be_v rob_v but_o only_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o panel_n do_v frequent_o rob_v the_o house_n of_o garntilly_n and_o strathurd_n tenant_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o where_o private_a party_n pursue_v ad_fw-la interest_n privatum_fw-la such_o a_o condescendance_n be_v nessary_a because_o the_o informer_n may_v know_v nor_o can_v the_o private_a damnage_n be_v repair_v except_o his_o loss_n be_v liquid_o prove_v yet_o when_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o a_o habitual_a and_o constant_a trade_n of_o rob_v and_o sorning_n be_v libel_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n and_o if_o the_o speciality_n be_v not_o prove_v the_o panel_n have_v no_o prejudice_n for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v find_v guilty_a nor_o will_v the_o probation_n be_v conclude_v but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o his_o majesty_n which_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v rob_v or_o what_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v his_o majesty_n interest_n that_o no_o constant_a and_o habitual_a robbery_n be_v commit_v in_o his_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o ordinary_a then_o to_o sustain_v libel_n against_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o open_a rebellion_n without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v kill_v or_o rob_v in_o that_o rebellion_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o if_o the_o particular_a good_n allege_v to_o be_v rob_v be_v condescend_v on_o the_o libel_n may_v be_v elide_v by_o this_o suitable_a defence_n viz._n that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o the_o good_n or_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n it_o may_v have_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o be_v not_o preclude_v from_o such_o defence_n by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o libel_n for_o the_o panel_n may_v allege_v that_o the_o take_v away_o of_o such_o and_o such_o good_n can_v not_o infer_v robbery_n because_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o these_o good_n or_o be_v warrant_v to_o take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n the_o justice_n sustain_v this_o libel_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o generality_n aforesaid_a alexander_n steil_n be_v pursue_v in_o august_n 1669._o for_o steal_v and_o rob_v evident_n writ_n and_o clothes_n out_o of_o captain_n barclay_v house_n who_o be_v his_o master_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi behove_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o say_n evident_n be_v take_v away_o by_o force_n or_o break_v up_o of_o door_n and_o that_o the_o servant_n have_v of_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v theft_n though_o he_o have_v deliver_v they_o to_o a_o three_o party_n and_o albeit_o this_o shall_v be_v prove_v yet_o the_o justice_n find_v this_o alledgeance_n relevant_a viz._n that_o this_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v steal_v be_v give_v to_o the_o panel_n that_o he_o may_v counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n and_o he_o have_v no_o freedom_n to_o comply_v therewith_o he_o do_v run_v away_o to_o the_o lord_n fyvie_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o same_o to_o he_o without_o any_o reward_n which_o alledgeance_n be_v find_v relevant_a as_o say_v be_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o as_o to_o the_o wear_n clothes_n the_o libel_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a except_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o captain_n barclay_n and_o be_v under_o his_o lock_n at_o the_o time_n since_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o servant_n have_v wear_v these_o clothes_n public_o in_o his_o master_n service_n which_o purge_v the_o presumption_n of_o theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o poor_a servant_n can_v do_v if_o he_o have_v break_v up_o the_o door_n real_o at_o his_o master_n desire_n who_o have_v send_v he_o home_o to_o bring_v paper_n though_o he_o can_v not_o prove_v the_o command_n otherways_o then_o by_o his_o master_n oath_n for_o his_o master_n may_v always_o easy_o prove_v the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o door_n iv._o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n and_o so_o frequent_a be_v it_o that_o by_o the_o 21._o act_n parl._n 1_o ja._n 6._o all_o such_o as_o recept_n fortify_v maintain_v or_o give_v meat_n harbour_n or_o assistance_n to_o any_o such_o robber_n be_v declare_v art_n and_o part_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o act_n strike_v only_o where_o there_o be_v letter_n of_o intercommune_v and_o that_o because_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v to_o the_o effect_n it_o shall_v be_v know_v to_o what_o purpose_n they_o intercommune_v and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o severe_a to_o punish_v man_n as_o thief_n except_o they_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o to_o do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n or_o letter_n of_o intercommuning_n v._o by_o the_o 227._o act_n parl._n 14._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v for_o the_o same_o hatred_n against_o robber_n lawful_a to_o all_o his_o majesty_n liege_n to_o concur_v and_o join_v against_o clann_n and_o border_n thief_n and_o to_o take_v and_o execute_v they_o all_o magistrate_n and_o freeholders_n be_v make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v act._n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n and_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v but_o temporary_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o power_n of_o execute_v but_o robber_n may_v be_v lawful_o seize_v on_o without_o authority_n vi_o oppression_n be_v ordinary_o but_o a_o quality_n of_o other_o crime_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v sometime_o special_a dittaye_v found_v thereupon_o per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o there_o be_v some_o particular_a act_n declare_v several_a species_n of_o it_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o reif_a or_o by_o other_o specific_a punishment_n mention_v in_o the_o said_n act_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o compel_v the_o king_n proper_a tenant_n to_o ride_v or_o do_v service_n of_o avarage_n carriage_n shear_v lead_v etc._n etc._n and_o shall_v be_v punish_v according_o act_n 21._o p._n 2._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o take_v caup_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o duty_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v give_v by_o private_a man_n to_o such_o as_o thief_n and_o other_o great_a man_n act_n 18._o and_o 19_o parl._n 2._o ja._n 4._o vid._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o a_o crafts-man_n to_o take_v custom_n or_o any_o other_o taxation_n from_o another_o of_o that_o same_o craft_n or_o for_o they_o to_o make_v private_a act_n among_o themselves_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o people_n acts._n 42._o and_o 43._o parl._n 4._o james._n 4._o act._n 111._o parl._n 7._o i._o 5._o and_o act._n 4._o par._n 19_o ja._n 6._o it_o be_v oppression_n for_o customer_n to_o exact_v more_o than_o their_o due_n act._n 46._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o molest_v magistrate_n of_o burgh_n and_o other_o merchand_n to_o use_v their_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n act._n 26._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 5._o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o
be_v because_o diverse_a exception_n be_v former_o propound_v against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o summons_n whereby_o party_n be_v frustrate_v of_o justice_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o that_o act_n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n oblige_v to_o libel_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o commit_n and_o so_o guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n in_o swa_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v force_v to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o accession_n which_o seem_v unjust_a to_o the_o parliament_n because_o as_o i_o conjecture_v the_o accuser_n can_v not_o know_v all_o the_o accession_n before_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o witness_n for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o witness_n prodere_fw-la testimonium_fw-la to_o declare_v what_o they_o will_v depon_n and_o this_o make_v it_o impossible_a for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v exact_o whereas_o if_o he_o err_v in_o exact_a libel_v the_o panel_n or_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v because_o the_o probation_n do_v not_o quadrat_fw-la with_o the_o libel_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n be_v accuse_v for_o accession_n to_o the_o murder_n of_o one_o in_o swa_o far_o as_o he_o give_v direction_n to_o a._n b._n to_o kill_v he_o possible_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a of_o accession_n though_o not_o by_o give_v direction_n yet_o by_o counsel_v a._n b._n or_o by_o direct_v p._n or_o any_o other_o to_o commit_v murder_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a and_o yet_o can_v not_o be_v condemn_v because_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o prove_v yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v hard_a that_o such_o a_o general_a libel_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v relevant_a since_o it_o be_v as_o reasonable_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n that_o a_o person_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n which_o generality_n will_v not_o be_v allow_v likeas_n the_o defender_n seem_v by_o this_o preclude_v of_o many_o defence_n which_o will_v be_v competent_a to_o he_o if_o the_o libel_n be_v more_o special_a and_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o libel_n must_v condescend_v special_o upon_o the_o manner_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o accession_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o inconvenient_a be_v that_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o condescendency_n which_o infer_v art_n &_o part_n albeit_o many_o question_n in_o jure_fw-la be_v there_o start_v which_o be_v very_o intricat_a and_o which_o have_v trouble_v the_o great_a and_o most_o accurate_a doctor_n for_o by_o our_o practic_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o libel_n art_n and_o part_n will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o condescend_v how_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n or_o accessary_a to_o the_o crime_n commit_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o pursuit_n at_o sinclar_n instance_n against_o captain_n barclay_n but_o the_o libel_n be_v relevant_a when_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o defender_n must_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o probation_n be_v thereupon_o lead_v in_o which_o many_o impertinent_a and_o irrelevant_a interrogator_n be_v propound_v whereas_o if_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n no_o impertinent_a interrogator_fw-la will_v be_v allow_v since_o nothing_o can_v be_v interrogated_a but_o what_o be_v find_v to_o depend_v necessary_o upon_o the_o accession_n which_o be_v find_v relevant_a as_o also_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v the_o advocat_n upon_o both_o side_n be_v force_v to_o debate_v the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o probation_n and_o how_o far_o the_o accession_n be_v relevant_a and_o here_o law_n decision_n and_o doctor_n be_v allege_v to_o assizer_n who_o understand_v neither_o as_o for_o instance_n if_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n be_v libel_v probable_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v interrogat_n if_o the_o witness_n hear_v the_o defender_n say_v that_o it_o be_v no_o fault_n though_o the_o person_n who_o be_v kill_v be_v stab_v or_o approve_v the_o murder_n after_o it_o be_v commit_v upon_o which_o much_o debate_n may_v arise_v for_o the_o defender_n procurator_n will_v contend_v that_o the_o article_n be_v not_o relevant_a and_o though_o the_o justice_n do_v allow_v or_o the_o assizer_n do_v desire_v that_o the_o witness_n shall_v answer_v to_o these_o interrogator_n as_o they_o usual_o allow_v all_o interrogator_n reserve_v the_o relevancy_n to_o be_v debate_v after_o probation_n be_v conclude_v then_o a_o learned_a debate_n will_v ensue_v before_o the_o assizer_n after_o close_v of_o the_o probation_n upon_o these_o point_n so_o that_o the_o assizer_n be_v against_o the_o intention_n even_o of_o our_o law_n judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o to_o the_o point_n of_o law_n by_o who_o ignorance_n also_o the_o liedge_n be_v ofttimes_o much_o prejudge_v but_o when_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi design_n to_o have_v the_o relevancy_n of_o his_o condescendency_n judge_v by_o the_o justice_n he_o use_v to_o libel_v that_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n libel_v in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o give_v order_n or_o advise_v the_o commit_n of_o it_o etc._n etc._n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n be_v special_o condescend_v upon_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v judge_n to_o all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v general_o that_o the_o complice_n be_v art_n and_o part_n yet_o the_o libel_n must_v bear_v express_o who_o be_v complice_n for_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o libel_v who_o be_v complice_n general_o but_o their_o name_n and_o designation_n must_v be_v specify_v k._n ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o act_n 76._o because_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n and_o that_o the_o debate_v make_v to_o the_o assize_n be_v not_o upon_o record_n be_v only_o deliver_v viva_fw-la voce_fw-la therefore_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v but_o few_o decision_n here_o adduce_v for_o clear_v the_o relevancy_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o dittay_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o liege_n who_o may_v be_v assizer_n may_v understand_v what_o accession_n be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v a_o guilt_n they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o one_o may_v be_v art_n and_o part_n by_o deed_n precede_v the_o crime_n either_o by_o counsel_n or_o command_v consilio_fw-la aut_fw-la mandato_fw-la by_o deed_n concomitate_v the_o crime_n as_o by_o help_n or_o by_o countenance_v open_a &_o assistentia_fw-la or_o by_o deed_n subsequent_a to_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o by_o ratihabit_v or_o recept_v all_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v separat_o iii_o how_o far_o the_o advise_v and_o counsel_v a_o man_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o accession_n and_o art_n and_o part_n of_o that_o crime_n be_v thus_o resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n if_o say_v they_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o however_o and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o be_v advise_v thereto_o than_o the_o adviser_n be_v not_o liable_a so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o same_o punishment_n with_o the_o committer_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v whereas_o if_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v not_o have_v commit_v and_o perpetrate_v the_o crime_n if_o he_o have_v not_o receive_v that_o advice_n than_o the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o to_o be_v punish_v clar._n quest_n 89._o but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o opinion_n for_o since_o the_o adviser_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o have_v the_o crime_n commit_v and_o that_o the_o effect_n follow_v he_o be_v sure_o as_o guilty_a as_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v it_o see_v in_o crime_n we_o look_v to_o the_o design_n and_o not_o to_o the_o event_n in_o maleficiis_fw-la spectatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la non_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o maleficia_fw-la propositum_fw-la distingut_n at_o least_o the_o adviser_n be_v equal_o guilty_a whether_o it_o have_v be_v commit_v with_o or_o without_o his_o advice_n even_o as_o he_o have_v be_v guilty_a in_o case_n of_o assistance_n though_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v be_v commit_v without_o his_o assistance_n nor_o be_v guilt_n spare_v by_o lessen_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v whether_o the_o committer_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o without_o the_o advice_n and_o counsel_n give_v other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o atrocious_a crime_n the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o punishable_a which_o certain_o hold_v in_o treason_n but_o that_o in_o lesser_a crime_n the_o adviser_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v then_o the_o actor_n and_o this_o distinction_n i_o like_v better_o and_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o our_o practic_n in_o our_o law_n advice_n and_o counsel_n come_v under_o art_n for_o advice_n be_v a_o species_n of_o contrivance_n and_o art_n and_o
punish_v with_o the_o same_o pain_n 3._o by_o constant_a custom_n in_o all_o criminal_a court_n be_v and_o part_n be_v punish_v as_o the_o principal_a crime_n notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o i_o think_v the_o foresay_a conclusion_n very_o rigorous_a for_o paena_fw-la est_fw-la commensuranda_fw-la de_fw-fr licto_fw-la and_o to_o punish_v the_o more_o and_o the_o less_o guilty_a equal_o seem_v against_o nature_n and_o justice_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o other_o nation_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o doctor_n accession_n be_v punishable_a according_a to_o their_o proportional_a degree_n of_o guilt_n and_o albeit_o the_o act_n above_o cite_v sustain_v the_o libel_n yet_o it_o ordain_v not_o the_o punishment_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o principal_a offender_n but_o though_o the_o act_n do_v bear_v the_o same_o express_o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n a_o statute_n bear_v that_o such_o as_o be_v accessary_a shall_v be_v punish_v as_o the_o principal_a malefactor_n be_v to_o be_v restrict_v ad_fw-la opem_fw-la quae_fw-la dedit_fw-la causam_fw-la maleficio_fw-la &_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la modo_fw-la auxiliandi_fw-la annot_n ad_fw-la clar._n quest_n 90._o num_fw-la 28._o it_o will_v therefore_o seem_v just_a that_o not_o only_o the_o justice_n or_o party_n shall_v make_v application_n to_o the_o council_n and_o interpose_v that_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v mitigat_fw-la according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o guilt_n as_o the_o custom_n now_o be_v but_o that_o the_o justice_n shall_v have_v a_o innate_a power_n to_o proportion_v the_o punishment_n to_o the_o guilt_n prove_v for_o none_o can_v understand_v so_o well_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o guilt_n as_o the_o justice_n who_o hear_v the_o probation_n and_o it_o be_v hard_a that_o the_o poor_a panel_n shall_v lie_v under_o so_o great_a hazard_n as_o to_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o capital_a sentence_n whereas_o it_o may_v be_v the_o council_n will_v not_o sit_v so_o soon_o as_o that_o he_o may_v interpose_v with_o they_o some_o crime_n punish_v among_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v not_o direct_o in_o use_n with_o we_o have_v finish_v in_o the_o last_o title_n what_o belong_v to_o those_o crime_n which_o our_o law_n punâ—shes_v direct_o i_o resolve_v here_o to_o touch_v overly_o even_o those_o crime_n which_o be_v little_o consider_v among_o we_o not_o only_o that_o we_o may_v thereby_o know_v the_o genius_n of_o that_o wise_a nation_n but_o that_o we_o may_v consider_v how_o far_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o renew_v among_o we_o these_o excellent_a law_n the_o roman_n consider_v how_o destructive_a those_o be_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n who_o endeavour_v by_o all_o indirect_a mean_n to_o screw_v themselves_o into_o public_a employment_n do_v therefore_o make_v this_o indirect_a deal_n to_o be_v a_o crime_n and_o call_v it_o ambitus_fw-la which_o punish_v lege_fw-la julia_fw-la those_o who_o give_v money_n for_o make_v themselves_o magistrate_n or_o that_o they_o may_v attain_v to_o honour_n it_o be_v common_o think_v that_o how_o soon_o the_o power_n be_v transfer_v from_o the_o people_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o from_o the_o senate_n to_o the_o prince_n this_o crime_n cease_v because_o the_o prince_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o bestow_v magistracy_n and_o honour_n be_v still_o presume_v in_o law_n to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o those_o deserve_v best_a who_o groneveg_v the_o leg_n abrogat_fw-la ad_fw-la h._n t._n but_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o why_o the_o prince_n may_v not_o just_o cause_n punish_v such_o who_o have_v wrong_v both_o the_o public_a interest_n and_o his_o favour_n in_o prostitute_v both_o to_o so_o unworthy_a a_o sale_n and_o since_o commissioner_n for_o parliament_n and_o magistrate_n of_o town_n be_v still_o elect_v by_o plurality_n of_o suffrage_n i_o see_v not_o why_o such_o as_o bribe_v the_o elector_n may_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o accusation_n the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n be_v deportation_n which_o be_v much_o like_o our_o banishment_n and_o in_o the_o less_o town_n it_o be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_n of_o a_o hundred_o crown_n and_o infamy_n and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bribe_v i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v punish_v with_o we_o as_o such_o residuorum_fw-la crimen_fw-la be_v commit_v by_o he_o who_o convert_v the_o public_a money_n with_o which_o he_o be_v entrust_v to_o his_o own_o private_a use_n and_o be_v punish_v by_o fyne_a he_o who_o be_v guilty_a in_o a_o three_o more_o than_o he_o owe_v this_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o no_o express_a law_n with_o we_o but_o that_o this_o be_v a_o crime_n with_o we_o appear_v clear_o from_o its_o be_v except_v from_o the_o late_a act_n of_o indemnity_n among_o the_o other_o crime_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v except_v all_o private_a murder_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o account_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o have_v intromet_v with_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n public_a imposition_n excise_n fines_n forfeiture_n sequestration_n and_o all_o other_o public_a money_n for_o which_o they_o have_v not_o order_n warrant_v or_o assignment_n for_o their_o own_o private_a use_n or_o for_o which_o they_o have_v not_o due_o count_v and_o receive_v discharge_v thereof_o from_o such_o as_o pretend_v to_o have_v authority_n for_o the_o time_n to_o do_v the_o same_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o exchequer_n may_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n if_o commit_v by_o their_o own_o member_n and_o the_o council_n if_o do_v by_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n servant_n since_o there_o can_v be_v no_o great_a injury_n do_v to_o his_o majesty_n government_n then_o to_o abstract_n or_o invert_v his_o money_n which_o be_v the_o nerve_n not_o only_o of_o war_n but_o of_o all_o power_n peculatus_fw-la be_v a_o steal_n of_o the_o public_a money_n as_o the_o other_o be_v a_o conceal_n of_o it_o and_o this_o be_v punish_v in_o public_a minister_n capital_o l._n un_fw-fr c._n h._n t._n though_o other_o theft_n be_v not_o capital_o punish_v among_o the_o roman_n so_o attrocious_a a_o crime_n do_v they_o judge_v the_o breach_n of_o trust_n and_o so_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o public_a minister_n to_o steal_v public_a money_n if_o they_o please_v this_o crime_n be_v certain_o punishable_a with_o we_o by_o death_n since_o all_o theft_n be_v so_o punishable_a plagium_n be_v the_o steal_n of_o man_n and_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n l._n 7._o &_o ult_n c._n h._n t._n which_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o god_n exod._n 21.16_o deut._n 24.7_o and_o with_o we_o egyptian_n and_o other_o steal_v child_n have_v be_v likewise_o punish_v by_o death_n and_o such_o as_o force_v away_o man_n to_o be_v soldier_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o punishment_n though_o the_o council_n use_v to_o punish_v they_o only_o by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o such_o as_o take_v away_o man_n childeren_n upon_o pretext_n to_o marry_v they_o before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o year_n wherein_o they_o may_v give_v a_o legal_a consent_n which_o be_v 12._o in_o woman_n and_o 14._o in_o man_n ought_v in_o my_o judgement_n to_o be_v so_o punish_v i_o have_v treat_v crimen_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la in_o the_o title_n brybe_a &_o crimen_fw-la annonae_fw-la in_o the_o title_n forestallers_a i_o shall_v end_v this_o first_o part_n relate_v to_o crime_n with_o theophils_n apology_n subjoin_v to_o his_o title_n of_o crime_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d finis_fw-la part_n ii_o title_n i._o of_o jurisdiction_n in_o general_n 1._o jurisdiction_n define_v and_o divide_v in_o imperium_fw-la merum_fw-la mixtum_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la 2._o jurisdiction_n be_v either_o ordinary_a or_o delegat_v 3._o it_o be_v either_o cumulative_a or_o privative_a 4._o how_o a_o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v prorogat_n the_o civilian_n do_v treat_v of_o jurisdiction_n very_o learned_o and_o profuse_o but_o since_o most_o of_o their_o dictate_v be_v very_o remote_a from_o our_o practice_n in_o scotland_n i_o resolve_v to_o clear_v only_o such_o general_a term_n as_o be_v borrow_v by_o our_o law_n from_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n i._o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o public_a power_n grant_v to_o a_o magistrate_n to_o cognosc_fw-la upon_o and_o determine_v cause_n and_o to_o put_v sentence_n follow_v thereupon_o in_o execution_n in_o such_o way_n and_o manner_n as_o either_o his_o commission_n law_n or_o practic_a do_v allow_v jurisdiction_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n divide_v in_o merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixtum_fw-la imperium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la est_fw-la abere_fw-la potestatem_fw-la gladii_fw-la ad_fw-la animadvertendum_fw-la in_o facinerofos_fw-la &_o potestatas_fw-la etiam_fw-la appellatur_fw-la mixtum_fw-la imperium_fw-la est_fw-la potestas_fw-la qua_fw-la jure_fw-la proprio_fw-la magistratui_fw-la competit_fw-la cui_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la &_o inest_fw-la &_o dicitur_fw-la
mixtum_fw-la quia_fw-la cum_fw-la jurisdictione_n est_fw-la conjunctum_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la simplex_fw-la differt_fw-la secundum_fw-la bartolum_n a_o mixto_fw-la imperio_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixtum_fw-la expediatur_fw-la judicis_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la judicis_fw-la ordinario_fw-la with_o we_o the_o justice_n have_v only_o a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o commissar_n a_o mere_o civil_a jurisdiction_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o sheriff_n a_o mix_a jurisdiction_n partly_o civil_a partly_o criminal_a but_o in_o all_o jurisdiction_n though_o mere_o civil_a there_o be_v still_o a_o innat_fw-la power_n to_o punish_v even_o criminal_o such_o as_o offend_v and_o disturb_v even_o the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n thus_o the_o lord_n may_v ordain_v such_o as_o strike_v any_o in_o the_o parliament_n house_n whilst_o they_o sit_v or_o falsify_v paper_n produce_v before_o they_o or_o abuse_v any_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o be_v degrade_v or_o banish_v or_o to_o pay_v a_o fine_n or_o to_o have_v their_o tongue_n bore_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o merit_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o in_o law_n when_o any_o power_n be_v grant_v every_o thing_n be_v also_o grant_v which_o be_v necessary_a for_o explicate_v or_o execute_v that_o power_n ii_o jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v likewise_o in_o ordinariam_fw-la &_o delegatam_fw-la and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o power_n of_o judge_a crime_n which_o be_v merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la can_v be_v delegat_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o can_v not_o l._n 1._o &_o l._n 70._o ff_n de_fw-fr regulis_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o see_v crime_n be_v of_o so_o great_a concernment_n that_o industria_fw-la personae_fw-la in_o electiono_fw-la judicis_fw-la respicitur_fw-la there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v be_v cognosce_v by_o depute_n ordinary_a commission_n with_o we_o also_o bear_v a_o power_n of_o delegation_n which_o be_v unnecessary_a if_o the_o power_n of_o delegation_n be_v inhaerent_a natural_o in_o jurisdiction_n and_o albeit_o i_o have_v see_v justice_n deputes_o delegat_v other_o to_o represent_v they_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n yet_o this_o practice_n seem_v to_o want_v both_o warrant_n and_o reason_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o craig_n pag._n 192._o that_o potestatem_fw-la gladij_fw-la qui_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la quam_fw-la a_o principe_fw-la habet_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la delegare_fw-la and_o by_o balfour_n cap._n 63._o that_o a_o baron_n can_v delegat_n any_o person_n to_o judge_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o blood_n except_o the_o say_a power_n be_v special_o allow_v he_o but_o the_o law_n allow_v even_o to_o depute_n though_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o delegat_v other_o a_o power_n to_o appoint_v another_o to_o judge_v for_o they_o in_o case_n of_o necessary_a absence_n l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-mi off_o ejus_fw-la cui_fw-la man_v which_o lawyer_n do_v also_o allow_v ex_fw-la paritate_fw-la rationis_fw-la to_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a bart._n ibid._n and_o the_o reason_n of_o both_o be_v lest_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v by_o their_o absence_n or_o sickness_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o crime_n be_v present_o try_v iii_o jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v by_o our_o law_n in_o cumulativam_fw-la for_o so_o we_o call_v that_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v competent_a to_o several_a judge_n and_o whereby_o they_o may_v preveen_v one_o another_o and_o thus_o sheriff_n and_o baron_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n in_o blood_n weit_n &_o privatam_fw-la for_o so_o we_o call_v that_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v competent_a peculiarly_a to_o any_o one_o judge_n this_o distinction_n be_v use_v very_o much_o in_o our_o law_n and_o especial_o by_o craig_n pag_n 192._o who_o lay_v it_o down_o as_o rule_v that_o omnis_fw-la curia_fw-la delegatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la cumulative_a sed_fw-la nunquam_fw-la privative_a non_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la quasi_fw-la translatio_fw-la juris_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la persona_fw-la in_o alium_fw-la sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la mandata_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la jurisdictione_n sive_fw-la mandato_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la remanet_fw-la in_o delegante_fw-la nec_fw-la minus_fw-la dominus_fw-la post_fw-la juvestituram_fw-la vassallo_fw-la factam_fw-la retinet_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la &_o curiam_fw-la quam_fw-la antea_fw-la and_o thus_o albeit_o his_o majesty_n grant_v commission_n to_o a_o sheriff_n yet_o he_o ofttimes_o appoint_v other_o depute_n as_o mr._n william_n wallace_n in_o edinburgh_n sir_n gilbert_n stewart_n in_o the_o sherifdom_n of_o perth_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o though_o a_o prelate_n have_v appoint_v a_o heritable_a bailiff_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o thereby_o exclude_v from_o sit_v himself_o although_o he_o be_v thereby_o exclude_v from_o appoint_v any_o other_o heritable_a bailiff_n as_o be_v observe_v by_o have_v 1._o february_n 1610._o iv._o jurisdiction_n be_v say_v to_o be_v prorogat_n when_o a_o defender_n do_v willing_o submit_v to_o the_o judicatur_fw-la before_o which_o he_o be_v cite_v though_o otherways_o not_o altogether_o competent_a &_o affirmare_fw-la judicium_fw-la be_v to_o submit_v to_o a_o judicatory_a altogether_o incompetent_a it_o be_v a_o receive_a conclusion_n among_o lawyer_n that_o a_o delinquent_n may_v prorogat_v his_o jurisdiction_n who_o have_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n but_o that_o by_o a_o act_n of_o he_o as_o by_o compearance_n and_o answer_v before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n the_o delinquent_n can_v prorogat_n that_o judge_n jurisdiction_n who_o have_v no_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n at_o all_o clar._n quest_n 42._o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n before_o the_o commissar_n their_o decreet_a will_v be_v null_a though_o the_o delinquent_n decline_v not_o the_o court_n but_o if_o before_o a_o sheriff_n the_o sentence_n will_v be_v valid_a though_o the_o delinquent_n be_v not_o of_o his_o territory_n and_o though_o he_o be_v pursue_v for_o a_o crime_n to_o which_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o otherwise_o judge_v competent_a but_o a_o private_a delinquent_n by_o prorogate_a the_o â—udges_n jurisdiction_n as_o say_v be_v can_v only_o prejudge_v himself_o by_o his_o own_o compliance_n but_o can_v prejudge_v any_o other_o judge_n of_o his_o casuality_n title_n ii_o of_o the_o judge_n competent_a de_fw-fr foro_fw-la competenti_fw-la 1._o in_o what_o place_n may_v a_o delinquent_n be_v try_v 2._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n commit_v by_o stranger_n 3._o where_o be_v vagabond_n to_o be_v pursue_v 4._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o ecclesiastic_a person_n 5._o prevention_n among_o judge_n competent_a explain_v and_o clear_v i._o for_o understanding_n who_o be_v judge_n competent_a in_o general_n to_o punish_v crime_n and_o what_o find_v his_o competency_n or_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n speak_v quod_fw-la est_fw-la forum_n competens_fw-la it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o he_o who_o commit_v a_o crime_n may_v be_v judge_v either_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v which_o they_o call_v forum_n delicti_fw-la commissi_fw-la or_o in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v which_o be_v call_v forum_n originis_fw-la or_o in_o the_o pâ—ace_n where_o he_o dwell_v which_o â—s_v forum_n domicilii_fw-la the_o place_n where_o the_o fault_n be_v commit_v be_v of_o all_o the_o three_o the_o most_o competent_a for_o it_o be_v most_o just_a and_o fit_a that_o crime_n shall_v be_v punish_v where_o they_o be_v commit_v that_o other_o who_o have_v see_v the_o crime_n may_v by_o that_o punishment_n be_v deter_v from_o commit_v the_o like_a and_o that_o the_o party_n injure_v may_v be_v somewhat_o repair_v by_o see_v the_o law_n just_o revenge_v their_o wrong_n and_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v accuser_n can_v most_o easy_o attend_v and_o probation_n can_v be_v soon_o and_o best_a hear_v act_n 6._o p._n 6._o i._o 1._o not_o only_a where_o the_o crime_n itself_o be_v full_o commit_v may_v it_o be_v try_v but_o where_o any_o part_n of_o it_o be_v commit_v and_o therefore_o a_o thief_n may_v be_v judge_v not_o only_a where_o he_o first_o break_v the_o house_n but_o by_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o place_n where_o he_o be_v take_v with_o the_o thing_n steal_v carleval_fw-fr de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la pag._n 156._o but_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v take_v can_v only_o proceed_v against_o the_o thief_n in_o that_o case_n if_o he_o be_v present_a but_o can_v cite_v he_o if_o he_o be_v absent_a whereas_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o house_n be_v break_v may_v cite_v he_o though_o he_o be_v absent_a and_o if_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o house_n be_v break_v or_o the_o thing_n be_v first_o steal_v please_v he_o may_v require_v the_o other_o to_o remit_v he_o or_o send_v he_o back_o to_o he_o to_o be_v judge_v but_o this_o last_o will_v not_o hold_v in_o our_o practice_n for_o with_o we_o wherever_o a_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o a_o fang_n he_o may_v be_v hang_v nor_o be_v
and_o thus_o a_o assithment_n modify_v by_o the_o justice_n be_v exorbitant_a the_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n do_v lessen_v the_o sum_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v because_o they_o find_v this_o case_n to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v corporal_a punishment_n the_o 16._o of_o december_n 1664._o inn_n contra_fw-la forbes_n vii_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1555._o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_n to_o the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o criminal_a process_n which_o dependence_n be_v declare_v to_o continue_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n till_o the_o complete_a execution_n of_o the_o decreet_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi commit_v the_o say_a crime_n shall_v for_o ever_o loss_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a be_v to_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o plea._n the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n be_v convict_v before_o any_o competent_a judge_n in_o criminal_o without_o any_o probation_n except_o summar_v cognition_n to_o be_v take_v by_o conviction_n or_o put_v the_o committer_n to_o the_o horn_n and_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n by_o this_o act_n the_o committer_n loss_n his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o after_o denounciation_n without_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o give_v of_o counsel_n be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o this_o crime_n this_o act_n be_v to_o continue_v only_o for_o three_o year_n and_o be_v prorogat_n for_o seven_o year_n by_o the_o 138._o act_n parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o and_o be_v thereafter_o make_v perpertual_a by_o the_o 219._o act_n 14._o parl._n ja._n 6._o i_o have_v oft_o see_v process_n intent_a upon_o this_o act_n before_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a albeit_o not_o observe_v that_o cognition_n be_v first_o take_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o other_o criminal_a and_o competent_a judge_n yet_o without_o this_o process_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o prima_fw-la instantià _fw-la but_o this_o defence_n be_v not_o there_o allege_v and_o process_n be_v sustain_v albeit_o no_o effusion_n of_o blood_n follow_v the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1662._o harper_n against_o hamiltoun_n where_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v summary_o receive_v probation_n of_o it_o themselves_o or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o justice_n for_o which_o doubt_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o great_a ground_n because_o by_o the_o act_n foresay_a the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o sleiche_n case_n 1673._o it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a the_o earl_n of_o niddisdale_n pursue_v the_o tenant_n of_o duncow_n february_n 1672._o they_o allege_v absolvitur_fw-la because_o the_o earl_n have_v beat_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v send_v to_o execute_v a_o summons_n at_o their_o instance_n against_o he_o at_o least_o he_o have_v give_v order_n to_o beat_v they_o or_o ratihabit_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o the_o beat_v some_o of_o they_o can_v only_o find_v a_o exception_n to_o such_o as_o be_v beat_v and_o this_o the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a though_o the_o summons_n execute_v be_v for_o a_o common_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n those_o who_o be_v beat_v represent_v all_o the_o pursuer_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o order_n to_o beat_v they_o be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la for_o though_o a_o crime_n ordinary_o in_o a_o criminal_a court_n be_v probable_a pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la yet_o here_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la effectum_fw-la it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o prove_v for_o else_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a and_o ancient_a heritage_n may_v ofttimes_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n since_o process_n depend_v may_v extend_v to_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a estate_n 3._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o ratihabition_n or_o any_o deed_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la do_v not_o infer_v the_o contravention_n of_o this_o act_n which_o require_v explicit_a deed_n as_o beat_v bleed_a etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n before_o answer_v to_o these_o two_o last_o alledgiance_n ordain_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v before_o answer_v for_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o violence_n commit_v against_o they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o the_o one_o party_n beat_v the_o other_o be_v force_v thereto_o by_o self-defence_n the_o striker_n will_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v find_v the_o last_o of_o january_n 1673._o john_n sliech_n against_o swintoun_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o certification_n of_o this_o act_n do_v reach_v such_o as_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o pursuit_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o respect_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n and_o that_o the_o act_n shall_v only_o reach_v such_o as_o pursue_v action_n before_o they_o for_o to_o lose_v the_o whole_a pley_n be_v too_o great_a a_o punishment_n for_o a_o incident_a riot_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o one_o weir_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o slaughter_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n 1591._o he_o allege_v he_o be_v absolve_v by_o a_o rolment_n of_o court_n at_o aberdene_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o further_a trial_n which_o reply_n found_v upon_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a rescript_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o past_a council_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o king_n private_a warrant_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a though_o i_o think_v it_o irregular_a that_o ludwharn_n have_v raise_v in_o anno_fw-la 1596._o a_o pursuit_n against_o momat_n and_o other_o for_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n without_o a_o lawful_a warrant_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o lord_n complain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n as_o leiutennent_n of_o the_o north_n intend_v to_o repledge_a whereas_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o cumulative_a with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o letter_n from_o his_o majesty_n ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v wherefore_o he_o crave_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v be_v command_v to_o proceed_v which_o petition_n be_v grant_v viii_o albeit_o regulariter_fw-la the_o parliament_n or_o council_n grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o appear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v panel_v before_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o warrant_n in_o balmerinochs_n case_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o he_o and_o see_v advocat_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o application_n be_v make_v to_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o find_v that_o when_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v appoint_v assessor_n in_o criminal_a case_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o warrant_v also_o from_o the_o lord_n for_o sit_v there_o as_o in_o tosh_n case_n 1637._o title_n ix_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n extend_v to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o flood-mark_a 2._o our_o admiral_n have_v execute_v pirate_n 3._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o apprehend_v pirate_n to_o execute_v they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o ocean_n or_o when_o judge_n refuse_v 4._o any_o nation_n may_v judge_v pirate_n 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o admiral_n 1._o the_o lord_n high_a aâ—miral_n and_o his_o depute_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o unprint_v statute_n with_o we_o the_o admiral_n be_v competent_a in_o all_o controversy_n action_n and_o quarrel_n concern_v crime_n fault_n and_o trespass_n upon_o sea_n or_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o flow_v or_o ebb_n vid._n ship-law_n correct_v by_o balfour_n do_fw-mi admiral_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 2._o our_o learned_a countryman_n king_n in_o his_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v say_v admirans_fw-la habet_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la potest_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la exequi_fw-la imperare_fw-la judices_fw-la dane_n coercere_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la in_o facineroso_n animadvertere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la contraversiis_fw-la marinis_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la
potest_fw-la amirans_fw-la marinas_fw-la intelligo_fw-la quae_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la causa_fw-la ineuntur_fw-la sive_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr celebrantur_fw-la delicta_fw-la tamen_fw-la ex_fw-la necessitate_v intra_fw-la mar_v be_v fluxum_fw-la perpetrari_fw-la debent_fw-la in_o scotland_n the_o dean_n of_o gilled_a be_v as_o walwood_n observe_v tit_n 23._o ordinary_a judge_n of_o old_a betwixt_o mariner_n and_o merchand_n likeas_n the_o waterbailiff_n betwixt_o mariner_n and_o mariner_n and_o the_o justice-general_a be_v judge_n in_o criminal_n but_o now_o no_o judge_n may_v meddle_v say_v he_o with_o the_o admiral_n cause_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o assistance_n and_o that_o by_o commission_n in_o difficult_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v in_o that_o action_n antoni_fw-la de_fw-fr latour_n against_o christian_a marteis_fw-la 6._o of_o november_n 1642._o ii_o in_o october_n 1635._o bernard_n gilermo_n and_o some_o spanish_a dutch_a and_o french_a pirate_n be_v apprehend_v mr._n james_n robertson_n then_o admiral-deput_a crave_v that_o the_o council_n will_v name_v assessor_n to_o he_o in_o the_o trial_n of_o these_o foreigner_n and_o they_o be_v name_v a_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n for_o the_o register_n of_o the_o admiralty_n give_v it_o that_o title_n be_v keep_v at_o irwine_n and_o these_o pirate_n indict_v and_o hang_v for_o piracy_n commit_v by_o they_o upon_o french_a spanish_a and_o dutch_a merchand_n the_o party_n injure_v be_v receive_v witness_n else_o these_o crim_n at_o sea_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v this_o trial_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n as_o before_o the_o justice_n iii_o by_o the_o martim_fw-la law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n who_o take_v a_o pirate_n in_o the_o ocean_n to_o hang_v he_o at_o the_o main-yard_n because_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o ocean_n be_v within_o no_o man_n jurisdiction_n &_o so_o every_o man_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a liberty_n but_o this_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a for_o thus_o man_n may_v execute_v their_o revenge_n in_o place_n of_o justice_n and_o may_v make_v innocent_a man_n pirate_n for_o their_o private_a advantage_n and_o judicatur_n be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v such_o injury_n and_o upon_o that_o pretext_n man_n may_v as_o well_o adjudge_v prize_n take_v upon_o the_o ocean_n but_o yet_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v on_o her_o voyage_n to_o remote_a place_n as_o the_o indies_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n can_v keep_v the_o pirate_n till_o they_o come_v to_o a_o harbour_n they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n execute_v they_o at_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o self-defence_n and_o necessity_n make_v law_n but_o i_o think_v this_o necessity_n must_v be_v prove_v vid._n grot._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr belli_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 20_o §_o 14._o and_o for_o this_o same_o reason_n i_o differ_v from_o that_o author_n who_o assert_n num_fw-la 12._o that_n if_o the_o taker_n bring_v a_o pirate_n to_o a_o port_n and_o the_o judge_n refuse_v or_o delay_n justice_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n must_v lose_v than_o the_o taker_n may_v execute_v justice_n himself_o for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v every_o man_n judge_n not_o only_o of_o the_o pirate_n but_o of_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o application_n be_v make_v and_o a_o private_a person_n may_v as_o well_o pretend_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n delay_v or_o deny_v justice_n against_o such_o as_o we_o pretend_v do_v either_o rob_v or_o affront_v we_o we_o may_v do_v justice_n upon_o they_o ourselves_o contrary_a to_o many_o law_n and_o particular_o to_o l._n nullus_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr judaeis_n the_o same_o learned_a author_n juris_fw-la maritimi_fw-la do_v tell_v we_o cap._n 4._o num_fw-la 14._o that_n if_o a_o spaniard_n rob_v a_o frenchman_n on_o the_o high_a sea_n both_o their_o prince_n be_v in_o amity_n among_o themselves_o and_o with_o england_n and_o that_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o port_n of_o enland_n the_o frenchman_n may_v proceed_v against_o the_o spaniard_n to_o punish_v he_o but_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v intra_fw-la prasidia_fw-la of_o that_o prince_n by_o who_o subject_n the_o same_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o can_v proceed_v criminal_o but_o the_o taker_n must_v resort_v to_o the_o pirate_n own_o country_n or_o where_o he_o carry_v the_o ship_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n a_o pirate_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o any_o nation_n for_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o though_o he_o be_v not_o deprehend_v commit_v a_o crime_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n within_o which_o he_o be_v deprehend_v and_o so_o seem_v not_o liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n nec_fw-la ratione_fw-la loci_fw-la delicti_fw-la nec_fw-la originis_fw-la nec_fw-la domicilii_fw-la yet_o he_o who_o be_v of_o no_o nation_n be_v of_o all_o nation_n as_o vagabond_n be_v and_o he_o who_o be_v a_o equal_a enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n commit_v a_o crime_n against_o every_o nation_n iv._o though_o the_o admiral_n criminal_a jurisdiction_n extend_v no_o further_a than_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o within_o flood-mark_a yet_o he_o be_v some_o time_n judge_v ratione_fw-la contingentiae_fw-la &_o ob_fw-la continentiam_fw-la causae_fw-la as_o if_o a_o man_n rescue_v a_o pirate_n out_o of_o prison_n though_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v without_o flood-mark_a yet_o the_o admiral_n be_v judge_n because_o it_o have_v dependence_n upon_o and_o arise_v from_o the_o principal_a crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v judge_n and_o if_o the_o admiral_n begin_v to_o present_a pirate_n or_o malefactor_n at_o sea_n he_o may_v continue_v his_o pursuit_n and_o apprehend_v they_o at_o land_n and_o without_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o he_o must_v in_o that_o case_n seek_v concurrence_n from_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n locen_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o v._o though_o the_o admiral_n have_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n yet_o some_o allege_v that_o he_o have_v not_o this_o proper_o as_o admiral_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o justiciary_a contain_v in_o his_o gift_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o admiral_n proceed_v to_o thy_o crime_n the_o court_n be_v not_o call_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n simple_o as_o in_o other_o case_n but_o the_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n it_o be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o admiral_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o judge_a crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o if_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o they_o and_o may_v preveen_v and_o that_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n be_v clear_a for_o i_o find_v that_o in_o anno_fw-la 1613._o the_o justice_n do_v hang_v one_o john_n davidson_n and_o john_n allows_v english_a pirate_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1610._o they_o hang_v peter_n love_n john_n cock_n and_o other_o likewise_o english_a pirate_n which_o last_o be_v hang_v upon_o their_o own_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o all_o of_o they_o be_v hang_v within_o flood-mark_a i_o have_v likewise_o see_v the_o justice_n advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n court_n but_o whether_o the_o admiral_n sentence_n in_o criminal_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o criminal_a court_n as_o their_o sentence_n in_o civil_n can_v be_v reduce_v before_o the_o session_n i_o will_v not_o determine_v title_n x._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o commissar_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o churchman_n 2._o our_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n 3._o how_o far_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o improbation_n i._o churchman_n be_v discharge_v to_o sit_v judge_n in_o crime_n and_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o bloodless_a jurisdiction_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o law_n give_v they_o audientiam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la do_fw-mi c._n the_o episcop_n audient_fw-la with_o we_o these_o bishop_n abstain_v from_o vot_v in_o criminal_a process_n bring_v in_o to_o the_o parliament_n though_o there_o they_o sit_v as_o heritor_n rather_o than_o as_o mere_a churchman_n and_o so_o may_v pretend_v to_o a_o voice_n upon_o that_o account_n ii_o the_o commissar_n be_v the_o bishop_n official_o and_o so_o have_v least_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o all_o other_o court_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n which_o be_v by_o the_o law_n account_v crime_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n be_v because_o that_o court_n as_o be_v a_o ecclesiastic_a court_n &_o curia_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la consider_v these_o verbal_a injury_n as_o scandal_n and_o so_o they_o be_v allow_v not_o only_o to_o punish_v the_o same_o with_o pecuniary_a mulct_n but_o with_o church_n censure_n such_o as_o to_o make_v the_o offender_n stand_v at_o the_o church_n door_n to_o expiate_v a_o slander_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o
of_o regality_n be_v no_o more_o judge_n competent_a to_o these_o than_o he_o be_v to_o treason_n i_o be_v once_o consult_v whether_o a_o lord_n of_o regality_n may_v place_v a_o gallow_n upon_o any_o part_n of_o his_o vassal_n land_n lie_v within_o his_o regality_n and_o at_o first_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o may_v for_o unaquaeque_fw-la gleba_fw-la seruit_fw-la and_o what_o be_v lawful_a in_o some_o part_n be_v where_o there_o be_v no_o restriction_n lawful_a in_o any_o part_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o former_a place_n fix_v upon_o by_o custom_n i_o think_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v not_o alter_v the_o same_o 2._o if_o there_o be_v any_o apparent_a design_n of_o affront_a the_o vassal_n i_o believe_v he_o can_v not_o use_v this_o privilege_n as_o if_o he_o do_v offer_v to_o place_v the_o gallow_n at_o his_o vassal_n gate_n or_o at_o his_o garden-door_n or_o any_o such_o place_n for_o where_o the_o law_n say_v that_o quilibet_fw-la potest_fw-la uti_fw-la jure_fw-la svo_fw-la it_o add_v modo_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la faciat_fw-la principaliter_fw-la in_o aemulationem_fw-la alterius_fw-la 3._o even_o in_o other_o place_n there_o be_v some_o moderamon_n &_o decorum_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o upon_o application_n to_o the_o council_n they_o will_v appoint_v some_o person_n to_o choose_v a_o indifferent_a place_n for_o even_o in_o these_o servitude_n ubi_fw-la unaquequae_fw-la gleba_fw-la seruit_fw-la hoc_fw-la accipiendum_fw-la est_fw-la â—iviliter_fw-la say_v the_o law_n &_o non_fw-la judaice_n for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v grant_v i_o a_o servitude_n of_o a_o way_n to_o my_o house_n through_o any_o part_n of_o his_o ground_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o compel_v he_o to_o throw_v down_o his_o garden_n wall_n or_o to_o suffer_v i_o to_o go_v thorrow_o his_o corn_n if_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v another_o passage_n find_v though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o near_o title_n xii_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o sheriff_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o this_o office_n and_o how_o it_o be_v convey_v in_o scotland_n 2._o he_o be_v the_o chief_a preserver_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o so_o many_o convocat_n the_o liedge_n apprehend_v sayer_n of_o mass_n false_a coiner_n etc._n etc._n 3._o he_o be_v not_o judge_n to_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n 4._o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v before_o the_o sheriff_n 5._o whether_o he_o may_v judge_v where_o no_o private_a party_n complain_v 6._o he_o shall_v attend_v the_o justice_n air_n 7._o how_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v if_o he_o transgress_v in_o his_o office_n alluredus_fw-la in_o the_o league_n make_v with_o guntherus_n king_n of_o denmark_n divide_v england_n in_o satrapias_fw-la centurias_fw-la &_o decurias_fw-la and_o call_v satrapiam_fw-la a_o shire_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o section_n or_o division_n of_o land_n from_o the_o word_n shire_n which_o signify_v to_o cut_v so_o that_o a_o sherifdom_n be_v a_o jurisdiction_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o particular_a limit_a country_n it_o be_v call_v in_o our_o latin_a stile_n vice_fw-la comitatus_fw-la and_o though_o most_o of_o the_o shire_n in_o scotland_n be_v erect_v in_o sherifdome_n by_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o by_o a_o unprint_v act_n in_o anno_fw-la 1504_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v unite_v or_o divide_v sherifdom_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o though_o his_o majesty_n erect_v a_o burgh-royal_a or_o barony_n within_o the_o sherifdome_n yet_o they_o still_o continue_v to_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o they_o have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o he_o but_o not_o privative_a of_o he_o sheriff_n in_o scotland_n be_v either_o during_o life_n and_o then_o the_o office_n pass_v by_o a_o signatour_n and_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v confer_v as_o a_o heritable_a right_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o it_o be_v transmit_v in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o manner_n with_o other_o heritable_a right_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v merum_fw-la jus_o incorporeum_fw-la it_o require_v no_o seize_v but_o albeit_o all_o these_o heritable_a office_n be_v upon_o good_a reason_n discharge_v by_o the_o 44_o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n i._n 6._o see_v industria_fw-la personae_fw-la respicitur_fw-la in_o judice_fw-la and_o albeit_o k._n i._n 6._o and_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o do_v design_n to_o buy_v in_o all_o the_o heritable_a sherifship_n and_o buy_v in_o many_o yet_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n enjoy_v by_o nobleman_n and_o other_o ii_o the_o sheriff_n of_o scotland_n have_v a_o civil_a and_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n but_o the_o last_o of_o these_o be_v that_o which_o we_o be_v only_o to_o consider_v as_o peculiar_a to_o this_o treatise_n the_o sheriff_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o supreme_a justice_n of_o peace_n to_o who_o be_v main_o entrust_v by_o the_o law_n the_o secure_n of_o the_o quiet_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o though_o no_o other_o person_n be_v allow_v to_o ride_v with_o gather_n of_o the_o liedge_n yet_o the_o sheriff_n be_v nor_o can_v he_o be_v pursue_v for_o a_o convocation_n upon_o that_o account_n see_v he_o may_v convocat_n at_o his_o pleasure_n for_o repress_v of_o tumult_n and_o upon_o many_o other_o account_n as_o be_v find_v in_o february_n 1664_o betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n and_o the_o laird_n of_o ballingown_n for_o it_o do_v belong_v to_o his_o office_n to_o discharge_v all_o convocation_n of_o the_o liedge_n and_o if_o they_o refuse_v he_o shall_v continue_v his_o court_n and_o advertise_v the_o king_n k._n ja._n 3._o parl._n 14._o act._n 104._o albeit_o in_o civilibus_fw-la neither_o the_o sheriff_n nor_o baron_n can_v hold_v court_n in_o feriat_fw-la or_o close_o time_n of_o vacance_n yet_o in_o criminal_n he_o may_v hold_v court_n during_o the_o time_n of_o vacance_n quia_fw-la periculum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o mora_fw-la as_o be_v observe_v by_o haddingtoun_n the_o 19_o january_n 1623._o and_o sheriff_n have_v not_o power_n to_o exact_a caution_n from_o a_o malefactor_n to_o under_o the_o law_n for_o he_o can_v proceed_v except_o either_o the_o defender_n be_v cite_v or_o deprehensus_fw-la inflagranti_fw-la crimine_fw-la 25._o mart._n 1628._o the_o sheriff_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o crime_n of_o witchcraft_n quen_o marry_o her_o 9_o parl._n act._n 37._o albeit_o the_o praxi_fw-la none_o use_v to_o judge_v witchcraft_n but_o the_o justice_n or_o such_o as_o have_v a_o particular_a commission_n from_o the_o council_n they_o shall_v apprehend_v the_o sayer_n and_o hearer_n of_o mass_n act_n 5._o pa._n 1._o k._n i._n 6._o and_o the_o striker_n of_o false_a coin_n i._o 3._o pa._n 3._o cap._n 18._o but_o they_o be_v not_o allow_v by_o the_o law_n express_o to_o proceed_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n competent_a thereto_o for_o else_o the_o law_n have_v express_o allow_v they_o the_o same_o &_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la they_o shall_v apprehend_v punish_v and_o banish_v sorner_n i._o 2._o p._n 6._o cap._n 22._o egyptian_n i._n 6._o p._n 12._o cap._n 124._o idle-man_n ja._n 1._o p._n 3._o cap._n 66._o shooter_n with_o firework_n q._n marry_o par._n 4._o cap._n 9_o forestallers_a i._o 5._o p._n 4._o cap._n 20._o transporter_n of_o neat_a and_o sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n ja._n 6._o par._n 7._o cap._n 124._o ja._n 6_o par._n 12._o cap._n 129._o the_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v k._n i._n 6._o p._n 6._o cap._n 84._o iii_o sheriff_n may_v at_o any_o time_n condemn_v for_o blood-weits_a but_o the_o penalty_n can_v exceed_v fifty_o pound_n the_o sheriff_n nor_o no_o other_o inferior_a judge_n can_v judge_v the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n open_a robbery_n fire_n raise_v and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n and_o murder_n yet_o of_o old_a sheriff_n may_v sit_v upon_o slaughter_n if_o the_o committer_n be_v attactht_v within_o forty_o day_n thereafter_o cap._n 59_o quon_n attach_v and_o act_n 89._o par._n 6._o i._o 1._o and_o if_o he_o be_v take_v red_a hand_n he_o shall_v be_v execute_v by_o the_o sheriff_n within_o that_o sun_n ibid._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o 28_o act_n parl._n 3_o k._n i._n 4._o three_o sun_n be_v allow_v conform_a to_o the_o old_a law_n and_o if_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o slaughter_n flee_v the_o sheriff_n shall_v acquaint_v the_o next_o sheriff_n and_o so_o from_o one_o judge_n to_o another_o until_o the_o committer_n be_v apprehend_v and_o when_o he_o be_v take_v he_o be_v to_o be_v send_v back_o to_o that_o sheriff_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v where_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v upon_o he_o and_o if_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o forethought_a felony_n he_o shall_v die_v
therefore_o act_n 89._o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o ratify_v act_n 28.3_o par._n k._n ja._n 4._o with_o this_o addition_n that_o if_o any_o heritable_a sheriff_n omit_v his_o duty_n in_o prosecute_n of_o this_o crime_n after_o this_o manner_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o heritable_a office_n for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o he_o have_v only_o that_o office_n for_o the_o time_n he_o shall_v lose_v it_o during_o all_o that_o time_n from_o which_o act_n it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o only_o judge_v competent_a to_o slaughter_n but_o to_o murder_v and_o both_o to_o the_o one_o and_o to_o the_o other_o at_o any_o time_n if_o he_o have_v either_o apprehend_v the_o person_n or_o have_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la do_v diligence_n for_o apprehend_v he_o but_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o murder_v though_o commit_v within_o his_o jurisdiction_n except_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n iv._o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v before_o the_o sheriff_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o place_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n yet_o sometime_o the_o sheriff_n or_o baron_n may_v condemn_v upon_o the_o panel_n confession_n without_o a_o assize_n as_o dur._n observe_v penult_n january_n 1622._o but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v present_a the_o sheriff_n can_v condemn_v he_o as_o hold_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la though_o he_o refuse_v to_o depon_n but_o co_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o must_v put_v he_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o be_v find_v 24._o july_n 1633._o dickson_n contra_fw-la halyday_n and_o albeit_o a_o blood_n prove_v by_o confession_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o a_o unlaw_n of_o fifty_o pound_n yet_o when_o blood_n be_v punish_v upon_o contumacious_a refusal_n to_o swear_v the_o unlaw_n can_v exceed_v ten_o pound_n 17._o february_n 1624._o v._o the_o sheriff_n may_v pursue_v when_o any_o person_n compear_v and_o insist_o with_o he_o in_o the_o pursuit_n but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o any_o party_n the_o justice_n general_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o skeen_n verbo_fw-la sheriff_n but_o that_o rule_n be_v too_o general_a and_o may_v admit_v of_o this_o distinction_n viz._n that_o either_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o then_o the_o sheriff_n may_v proceed_v to_o judge_v he_o though_o no_o private_a pursuer_fw-mi insist_v against_o he_o nor_o need_v there_o three_o fang_n for_o justify_v that_o pursuit_n albeit_o sheriff_n now_o never_o proceed_v but_o where_o three_o fang_n be_v prove_v or_o else_o no_o fang_n be_v find_v &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o sheriff_n can_v judge_v the_o thief_n except_o there_o be_v a_o pursuit_n intend_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a party_n vi_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v assist_v in_o all_o justice_n air_n hold_v by_o the_o justice_n general_n or_o the_o chamberlain_n and_o shall_v produce_v the_o verification_n of_o all_o the_o summons_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o shall_v make_v provision_n at_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o his_o clerk_n which_o shall_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o first_o end_n of_o his_o account_n to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o he_o shall_v arrest_v such_o person_n as_o the_o crowner_n can_v arrest_v and_o shall_v those_o a_o assize_n upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n anent_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 14._o cap._n 102._o and_o if_o he_o be_v find_v culpable_a the_o justice_n general_n may_v remove_v he_o from_o his_o office_n till_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o put_v another_o in_o his_o place_n to_o officiat_fw-la in_o the_o interim_n st._n rob._n bruce_n ex_fw-la lib._n sconen_n relate_v by_o skeen_n ibid._n but_o much_o of_o this_o be_v antiquate_v by_o custom_n for_o the_o thesaurer_n send_v along_o with_o the_o justice_n air_n a_o person_n special_o commissionated_a by_o they_o who_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o justice_n clerk_n vii_o if_o the_o sheriff_n fail_v in_o his_o duty_n he_o be_v punish_v of_o old_a by_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o office_n during_o his_o life_n and_o imprisonment_n during_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n st._n david_n cap._n 13._o &_o 69._o but_o now_o for_o negligence_n in_o his_o office_n he_o tine_v the_o same_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o be_v punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n ja._n 2._o par._n 14._o cap._n 37._o and_o yet_o the_o lord_n yester_n have_v suffer_v two_o thief_n negligent_o to_o escape_v and_o his_o heritable_a office_n of_o sheriffship_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n take_v from_o he_o by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o that_o decreet_a be_v reduce_v for_o it_o be_v find_v too_o small_a to_o infer_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o heritable_a office_n stat._n sessionis_fw-la pag._n 34._o which_o be_v observe_v by_o hop_v likewise_o in_o his_o large_a practic_n if_o the_o sheriff_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n he_o lose_v likewise_o his_o office_n and_o be_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n but_o if_o he_o do_v injustice_n he_o lose_v his_o office_n if_o it_o be_v heritable_a for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o heritable_a he_o lose_v it_o during_o the_o time_n he_o be_v to_o enjoy_v it_o former_o and_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v punishable_a arbitrary_a in_o his_o person_n and_o be_v obliedge_v to_o refound_v the_o damnage_n and_o interest_n sustain_v by_o the_o party_n laese_v k._n i._n 3._o p._n 5._o cap._n 26._o but_o if_o he_o bribe_v or_o give_v partial_a counsel_n he_o forefault_n his_o fame_n honour_n and_o dignity_n and_o be_v likewise_o punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n k._n i._n 5._o par._n 7._o cap._n 104._o if_o the_o case_n be_v difficult_a the_o lord_n of_o session_n will_v sometimes_o advocate_n the_o cause_n from_o the_o sheriff_n to_o the_o justice_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o theft-boot_n pursue_v by_o connadge_n the_o sheriff_n deput_fw-la of_o invernesse_n against_o makintosh_n and_o sometime_o the_o council_n will_v discharge_v the_o sheriff_n to_o proceed_v without_o advocate_a the_o cause_n if_o they_o find_v either_o the_o case_n to_o be_v difficult_a or_o the_o sheriff_n and_o his_o depute_n to_o be_v suspect_v title_n xiii_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o baron_n 1._o in_o what_o case_n baron_n may_v judge_v 2._o the_o clerk_n of_o that_o court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n 3._o whether_o he_o may_v punish_v theft_n or_o fire-raising_a i._o a_o baron_n in_o our_o law_n be_v general_o understand_v to_o be_v one_o who_o be_v infest_v in_o any_o land_n though_o not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n in_o which_o sense_n he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n but_o only_o that_o he_o can_v unlaw_n his_o own_o tennent_n for_o blood_n commit_v upon_o his_o own_o ground_n as_o be_v find_v the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o johnstoun_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o west-nisbit_a but_o a_o baron_n proper_o be_v he_o who_o be_v infest_v with_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n fossa_fw-la &_o furca_fw-la a_o barron_n judge_n crime_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o may_v like_v he_o proceed_v in_o time_n of_o vacance_n to_o judge_v these_o crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a but_o it_o have_v be_v controvert_v whether_o baron_n have_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o process_n for_o penal_a statute_n since_o the_o penalty_n there_o be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o king_n fisk_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v judge_v in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o the_o lord_n find_v the_o 3._o of_o february_n 1674._o that_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o penal_a statute_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n albeit_o in_o civil_a case_n baron_n may_v appoint_v baily_n yet_o balfour_n cap._n 63._o observe_n that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la no_o person_n below_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n may_v sit_v upon_o blood_n nam_fw-la potestas_fw-la gladii_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la quae_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la delegari_fw-la potest_fw-la except_o there_o be_v a_o express_a power_n give_v by_o the_o sovereign_n for_o that_o effect_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o justice_n and_o sheriff_n who_o have_v power_n to_o deput_n and_o that_o power_n of_o deputation_n be_v unnecessar_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a ii_o the_o clerk_n of_o all_o other_o court_n must_v be_v notar_n but_o the_o clerk_n of_o a_o baron_n court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n and_o yet_o the_o decreet_a of_o a_o baron_n for_o a_o unlaw_n will_v be_v sustain_v found_v upon_o a_o confession_n though_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o subscribe_v as_o be_v observe_v by_o durie_n the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o sentence_n of_o any_o inferior_a court_n
statute_n in_o france_n anno_fw-la 1560._o but_o we_o have_v no_o such_o statute_n and_o one_o colleague_n with_o we_o may_v be_v witness_n for_o another_o and_o why_o not_o then_o judge_n a_o three_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n be_v suspect_v as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v partial_a counsel_n or_o if_o he_o have_v repel_v a_o just_a defence_n or_o as_o be_v severe_a above_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v 4._o that_o he_o be_v incompetent_a the_o case_n pursue_v be_v only_o proper_a to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n treason_n murder_n fire-raising_a and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n but_o sometime_o though_o the_o first_o libel_n have_v infer_v treason_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o peddy_n january_n 1667._o yet_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v restrict_n his_o action_n to_o damnage_v and_o interest_n but_o will_v desert_v the_o diet_n as_o to_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n it_o may_v be_v sustain_v 5._o that_o the_o case_n be_v very_o intricat_a as_o in_o a_o pursuit_n of_o theft-boot_n which_o be_v advocate_n from_o the_o sheriff-deput_a of_o invernesse_n eo_fw-la ex_fw-la capite_fw-la member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n also_o pretend_v that_o they_o can_v be_v pursue_v before_o any_o other_o court_n because_o this_o will_v draw_v they_o from_o attend_v the_o session_n but_o the_o act_n 39_o pa._n 6._o q._n m._n whereon_o this_o be_v found_v seem_v only_o to_o hold_v in_o remove_n so_o that_o no_o action_n concern_v remove_n shall_v be_v advocate_n but_o in_o these_o case_n viz._n deadly_a fead_z where_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a be_v party_n or_o the_o defender_n a_o member_n of_o the_o session_n and_o yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v extend_v to_o all_o advocation_n but_o they_o can_v advocate_n from_o the_o justice_n court_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o first_o libel_n which_o be_v advocate_v must_v find_v caution_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la to_o insist_v in_o the_o pursuit_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v desert_v the_o diet_n which_o caution_n be_v necessary_a because_o the_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o caution_n be_v find_v be_v alter_v and_o neither_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi nor_o his_o cautioner_n be_v bind_v to_o insist_v before_o any_o other_o court_n the_o defender_n likewise_o of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o who_o raise_v the_o advocation_n be_v obliedge_v to_o renew_v his_o caution_n that_o he_o will_v under_o the_o law_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v imprison_v he_o the_o taiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n mus_fw-la intimate_fw-la to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o principal_a cause_n that_o he_o have_v raise_v a_o advocation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o say_v pursuer_fw-mi may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v at_o the_o day_n to_o which_o the_o advocation_n be_v raise_v and_o when_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi before_o the_o court_n from_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o raiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n shall_v intimate_fw-la to_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v in_o the_o justice-court_n what_o the_o procurator_n fiskal_n be_v in_o inferior_a court_n the_o office_n of_o both_o be_v to_o pursue_v vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la v._o the_o old_a custom_n be_v as_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n judge_v all_o the_o advocation_n which_o be_v raise_v in_o criminal_a cause_n from_o inferior_a judge_n even_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o very_o judicious_a lawyer_n do_v yet_o hold_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v judge_v whether_o they_o be_v competent_a judge_n in_o cause_n advocate_v from_o inferior_a criminal_a court_n but_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v cognosce_fw-la whether_o the_o cause_n shall_v be_v advocate_n and_o if_o they_o sustain_v the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n that_o they_o shall_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o court_n from_o which_o it_o be_v advocate_v if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v not_o relevant_a for_o they_o think_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n of_o their_o own_o competency_n but_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v supreme_a and_o sovereign_a judge_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o many_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o session_n also_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n especial_o since_o these_o reason_n of_o advocation_n do_v very_o frequent_o do_v upon_o subtlety_n of_o the_o criminal_a law_n and_o can_v be_v well_o judge_v but_o by_o such_o as_o understand_v that_o law_n exact_o as_o for_o instance_n i_o have_v see_v a_o advocation_n raise_v of_o a_o libel_n in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n from_o before_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n court_n upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o accusation_n be_v for_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a which_o be_v treason_n in_o our_o law_n to_o the_o which_o crime_n of_o treason_n none_o but_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o which_o advocation_n these_o point_n be_v necessary_o debate_v 1._o whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n to_o treason_n 2._o whether_o though_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n found_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o statutory_a treason_n 3._o whether_o though_o burn_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v treason_n by_o statute_n yet_o if_o drown_v of_o it_o fall_v under_o that_o statute_n all_o which_o point_n be_v indagationis_fw-la criminalis_fw-la and_o these_o who_o can_v judge_v such_o point_n may_v judge_v any_o criminal_a case_n likeas_n both_o by_o the_o old_a and_o new_a stile_n of_o advocation_n raise_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o criminal_a court_n the_o letter_n bear_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o consider_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o immediate_o upon_o the_o advocation_n caution_n be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n and_o to_o answer_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o justice_n have_v be_v in_o constant_a possession_n of_o judge_v such_o reason_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v not_o judge_n to_o crime_n yet_o the_o case_n of_o competency_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n be_v mere_o civil_a and_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v proper_a to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o lord_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v nor_o just_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o this_o case_n be_v civil_a yet_o it_o have_v so_o necessary_a a_o contingency_n with_o what_o be_v criminal_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v divide_v since_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o advocation_n wherein_o their_o own_o â—urisdiction_n be_v controvert_v why_o shall_v this_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v a_o part_n of_o themselves_o and_o such_o supreme_a judge_n be_v above_o suspicion_n especial_o since_o they_o can_v gain_v nothing_o by_o their_o jurisdiction_n title_n xviii_o of_o inquisition_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o inquisition_n and_o when_o it_o be_v competent_a 2._o the_o king_n and_o party_n may_v pursue_v separat_o 3._o citation_n super_fw-la inquirendis_fw-la when_o competent_a i._o when_o a_o crime_n be_v commit_v the_o council_n or_o the_o justice_n do_v of_o old_a take_v a_o previous_a inquisition_n of_o it_o by_o examine_v witness_n and_o take_v such_o other_o information_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o these_o deposition_n and_o examination_n be_v call_v informationes_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n but_o though_o they_o may_v examine_v witness_n before_o the_o intent_v of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n yet_o after_o it_o be_v once_o intent_a the_o justice_n find_v the_o 8._o of_o january_n 1672._o that_o they_o can_v not_o examine_v witness_n for_o the_o inquisition_n end_v by_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o pursuit_n &_o ubi_fw-la incipit_fw-la accusatio_fw-la desinit_fw-la inquisitio_fw-la the_o doctor_n be_v very_o profuse_a on_o this_o subject_n but_o i_o shall_v only_o excerpt_v from_o they_o what_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o our_o form_n and_o practice_n they_o define_v inquisition_n to_o be_v a_o information_n of_o the_o crime_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n own_o authority_n &_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o they_o divide_v it_o in_o a_o general_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v of_o the_o crime_n in_o general_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o particular_a informer_n or_o defender_n and_o a_o special_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v against_o a_o particular_a person_n of_o who_o guilt_n they_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o judge_n can_v proceed_v against_o any_o private_a
the_o sheriff_n shall_v still_o find_v caution_n to_o insist_v but_o with_o we_o those_o ubi_fw-la svam_fw-la vel_fw-la suarum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la prosequuntur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la in_o anticategoriis_fw-la the_o accuser_n must_v still_o find_v caution_n wherein_o we_o do_v very_o reasonable_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o defender_n be_v as_o much_o prejudge_v and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o trouble_v if_o these_o pretext_n be_v allow_v to_o palliate_v the_o pursuer_n malice_n as_o general_o he_o can_v be_v in_o other_o case_n in_o this_o likewise_o we_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n for_o his_o compearance_n which_o he_o be_v command_v to_o do_v by_o the_o letter_n by_o which_o the_o messenger_n be_v command_v to_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n if_o within_o six_o day_n after_o the_o summons_n be_v execute_v against_o he_o he_o find_v not_o caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a which_o caution_n though_o it_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v not_o intimate_fw-la to_o the_o messenger_n the_o messenger_n may_v still_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n for_o not_o find_v of_o caution_n and_o though_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o the_o advocate_n may_v pursue_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o private_a party_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n na_o in_o eo_fw-la non_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la calumnia_fw-la yet_o the_o advocate_n in_o our_o practic_n do_v ordinary_o oblige_v his_o informer_n to_o find_v caution_n else_o he_o refuse_v he_o his_o concourse_n if_o the_o accuser_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v calumnious_a or_o as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o in_o the_o wrong_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o party_n a_o unlaw_n of_o ten_o pound_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 6._o act_n and_o if_o there_o be_v more_o deed_n than_o one_o he_o be_v liable_a in_o twenty_o pound_n and_o likewise_o to_o pay_v the_o defender_n expense_n act_n 78._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 6._o which_o act_v speak_v only_o of_o not_o prevail_v though_o there_o be_v no_o malice_n and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la litigandi_fw-la but_o if_o their_o pursuit_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o inflict_v what_o punishment_n they_o please_v either_o in_o that_o same_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v absolve_v or_o upon_o a_o separate_a bill_n or_o pursuit_n as_o also_o he_o be_v by_o the_o justice_n constant_o ordain_v to_o pay_v what_o damnage_n and_o interest_n or_o expense_n the_o justice_n please_v both_o to_o the_o party_n and_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o albeit_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n fisci_fw-la non_fw-la praesumebatur_fw-la calumniosus_fw-la yet_o si_fw-fr procurator_n fiscalis_fw-la calumniose_fw-la instigat_fw-la judicem_fw-la ad_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la tenetur_fw-la in_o damna_fw-la actione_n injuriarum_fw-la &_o concremari_fw-la debet_fw-la l._n universi_fw-la c._n ubi_fw-la causa_fw-la fiscal_v etc._n etc._n and_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n hodie_fw-la &_o judex_fw-la &_o procurator_n fisci_fw-la affectate_v consequentes_fw-la crimen_fw-la extraordinary_a sunt_fw-la punendi_fw-la q._n ix_o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o because_o many_o poor_a person_n be_v malicious_o or_o ignorant_o imprison_v that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o edinburgh_n shall_v imprison_v none_o but_o where_o one_o shall_v find_v caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o insist_v against_o they_o and_o to_o aliment_v they_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v appoint_v a_o procurator_n dwell_v within_o edinburgh_n to_o who_o the_o justice_n might_n intimate_fw-la when_o they_o desire_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n insist_v the_o 5._o of_o july_n 1661._o which_o shall_v be_v do_v and_o exp_v very_o speedy_o and_o for_o this_o end_n the_o bishop_n be_v appoint_v to_o visit_v the_o prison_n every_o friday_n and_o wednesday_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d celeriter_fw-la judicari_fw-la basil._n l._n 21._o the_o custod_a reor_fw-la title_n xx._n of_o advocat_n and_o procurator_n 1._o whether_o a_o procurator_n shall_v be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o his_o absence_n 2._o his_o majesty_n advocate_n may_v deput_n when_o he_o be_v pursuer_fw-mi he_o have_v also_o other_o privilege_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n procurator_n be_v admit_v in_o defence_n 4._o what_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v allow_v in_o criminal_n the_o doctor_n make_v a_o difference_n inter_fw-la simplicem_fw-la allegatorem_fw-la who_o can_v only_o propon_n what_o be_v nottour_n as_o that_o the_o party_n cite_v be_v know_v to_o be_v sick_a &_o procuratorem_fw-la who_o must_v have_v a_o mandat_fw-la and_o may_v propon_n declinator_n or_o dilator_n &_o defensorem_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la who_o not_o only_o can_v propon_n dilator_n but_o may_v likewise_o defend_v et_fw-la advocatus_fw-la semper_fw-la neputatur_fw-la defensor_fw-la and_o needs_o no_o mandat_fw-la but_o his_o gown_n be_v his_o warrant_n and_o yet_o in_o criminal_n he_o must_v have_v a_o procuratory_n i._o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n be_v neither_o admit_v to_o pursue_v nor_o defend_v l._n ult_n §_o ad_fw-la crimen_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n jud_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o most_o nation_n a_o procurator_n be_v admit_v to_o pursue_v for_o paena_fw-la talionis_fw-la be_v now_o take_v away_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n the_o pursuer_n personal_a presence_n be_v requisite_a clar._n fin_n quest_n 14._o n._n 22._o the_o defender_n must_v still_o be_v present_a ne_fw-la judicium_fw-la reddatur_fw-la elusorium_fw-la with_o we_o procurator_n be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o yet_o this_o appear_v not_o to_o want_v difficulty_n for_o if_o the_o defender_n shall_v desire_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v swear_v the_o libel_n the_o diet_n will_v desert_n if_o this_o be_v refuse_v by_o the_o procurator_n and_o though_o in_o civilibus_fw-la a_o day_n may_v be_v take_v to_o produce_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n we_o call_v swear_v the_o libel_n in_o criminal_n yet_o see_v all_o criminal_a diet_n be_v peremptor_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o day_n allow_v to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a but_o he_o shall_v be_v present_a for_o else_o the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v from_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n such_o as_o be_v the_o pursuer_n oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi himself_z be_v present_a and_o refuse_v no_o pursuit_n will_v be_v sustain_v at_o his_o instance_n likea_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v present_v it_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o his_o oath_n that_o he_o give_v the_o witness_n good_a deed_n or_o that_o he_o know_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v alibi_fw-la by_o all_o which_o it_o will_v seem_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v still_o be_v present_a yet_o this_o be_v express_o repel_v 4._o august_n 1652._o where_o ballindalloch_n be_v pursue_v john_n grant_v but_o there_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o ballindalloch_n be_v one_o of_o the_o pursuer_n himself_o and_o the_o remanent_fw-la be_v his_o servant_n ii_o albeit_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o most_o case_n yet_o he_o use_v ordinary_o to_o constitute_v a_o deput_n who_o shall_v produce_v a_o write_a warrant_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n else_o can_v be_v admit_v and_o this_o deput_n can_v desert_v a_o diet_n though_o his_o procuratory_n do_v not_o instruct_v he_o with_o a_o particular_a power_n for_o that_o effect_n 29._o november_n 1638._o mr._n george_n norvel_v procurator_n for_o mr._n john_n rollo_n which_o be_v constant_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n use_v not_o to_o pursue_v a_o summons_n of_o treason_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n under_o his_o majesty_n hand_n or_o a_o particular_a order_n from_o the_o council_n which_o he_o use_v to_o produce_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la and_o be_v still_o mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o all_o adjournal_n book_n but_o particular_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o ochiltree_n and_o balmerinoch_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n with_o we_o examine_v party_n and_o witness_n before_o the_o process_n be_v intent_a which_o he_o do_v upon_o pretext_n that_o he_o may_v thereby_o know_v how_o to_o libel_v exact_o and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v not_o vex_v party_n if_o he_o find_v no_o ground_n for_o the_o pursuit_n but_o many_o learned_a lawyer_n have_v always_o think_v this_o procedur_n dangerous_a for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v still_o a_o party_n interest_v and_o so_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o deal_v with_o the_o witness_n for_o thereby_o he_o may_v strain_v from_o they_o what_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o depon_n and_o if_o in_o our_o last_o reformation_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n shall_v not_o make_v the_o roll_n of_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v too_o much_o interest_v much_o
make_v thereanent_a and_o if_o he_o find_v the_o say_a soverty_n initimation_n be_v always_o make_v by_o you_o to_o we_o of_o the_o find_v thereof_o that_o you_o summon_v a_o assize_n hereto_o not_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 45._o person_n together_o with_o sick_a witness_n as_o best_o know_v the_o verity_n of_o the_o premise_n who_o name_n you_o shall_v receive_v in_o the_o roll_n subscribe_v by_o the_o complainer_n or_o either_o of_o they_o ilk_fw-mi person_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o 100_o mark_n as_o you_o will_v answer_v to_o we_o exit_fw-la deliberatione_n the_o form_n of_o a_o indictment_n be_v thus_o a_o indictment_n for_o sameikle_a as_o the_o abominable_a vile_a and_o filthy_a vice_n of_o incest_n be_v so_o odious_a and_o detestable_a in_o the_o presence_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o be_v the_o same_o eternal_a god_n his_o express_a word_n so_o clear_o condemn_v therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n out_o of_o his_o godly_a disposition_n and_o zeal_n by_o diverse_a his_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_o statute_n and_o ordain_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n commit_v the_o say_v abominable_a crime_n of_o incest_n shall_v be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o the_o say_n act_n of_o parliament_n in_o themselves_o proport_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v of_o verity_n that_o the_o say_v a.b._n be_v marry_v with_o his_o lawful_a spouse_n daughter_n to_o c._n most_o shameful_o but_o fear_v of_o god_n or_o respect_n to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n law_n have_v give_v the_o use_n of_o his_o body_n to_o d._n his_o wife_n â—ister_n in_o the_o month_n of_o 〈…〉_z in_o he_o and_o her_o journey_v betwixt_o the_o burgh_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o the_o town_n of_o elgin_n and_o within_o the_o say_a town_n of_o elgin_n in_o the_o which_o filthy_a and_o incestuous_a copulation_n she_o have_v procreate_v a_o bairn_n commit_v therethrough_a the_o say_v filthy_a crime_n of_o incest_n and_o adultery_n to_o the_o high_a offence_n and_o displeasure_n of_o 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to_o which_o they_o be_v macer_n the_o form_n of_o the_o execution_n be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o full_a copy_n of_o the_o letter_n deliver_v to_o the_o defender_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v or_o if_o he_o can_v be_v personal_o apprehend_v to_o his_o wife_n or_o servant_n or_o affix_v upon_o the_o gate_n of_o his_o dwell_a house_n if_o he_o any_o have_v and_o proclamation_n at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o a_o copy_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n but_o if_o there_o be_v more_o person_n than_o two_o and_o all_o be_v call_v for_o one_o deed_n and_o crime_n in_o that_o case_n two_o of_o the_o copy_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o two_o of_o the_o principal_n name_v in_o the_o say_a letter_n or_o their_o wife_n etc._n etc._n in_o manner_n foresay_a be_v sufficient_a q_o m._n 6._o p._n cap_n 33._o but_o if_o the_o person_n live_v in_o shire_n or_o country_n ubi_fw-la non_fw-la patet_fw-la tutus_fw-la accessus_fw-la the_o bill_n whereupon_o the_o letter_n pass_v use_v to_o contain_v a_o privilege_n for_o cite_v they_o at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o letter_n bear_v their_o word_n and_o failze_v thereof_o by_o open_a procamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_v of_o our_o burgh_n of_o etc._n etc._n because_o they_o be_v break_v man_n have_v no_o certain_a dwell_n and_o haunt_v and_o frequent_v with_o other_o break_a man_n where_o our_o officer_n dare_v not_o resort_v for_o fear_v of_o their_o life_n with_o the_o whilk_fw-mi charge_n swa_o to_o be_v give_v we_o and_o the_o lord_n of_o our_o council_n by_o their_o present_n dispense_v and_o admit_v the_o famine_n to_o be_v as_o lawful_a and_o safficient_a as_o if_o ilk_fw-mi a_fw-mi of_o they_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v this_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v citatio_fw-la edictalis_fw-la but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n he_o must_v be_v cite_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n peir_n and_o shoar_n of_o leith_n as_o in_o other_o case_n nota_fw-la though_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n foresay_a bear_v not_o a_o full_a copy_n yet_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v give_v for_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v peremptor_n the_o summons_n be_v not_o give_v up_o to_o see_v as_o in_o other_o court_n and_o therefore_o the_o defender_n shall_v have_v a_o full_a copy_n that_o he_o may_v come_v instruct_v how_o to_o defend_v and_o that_o he_o may_v timeous_o raise_v exculpation_n and_o if_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v not_o give_v the_o execution_n have_v be_v find_v null_n in_o totum_fw-la and_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v they_o shall_v be_v null_a anno_fw-la 1665._o livingstoun_n contra_fw-la leith_n and_o though_o some_o think_v that_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o short_a copy_n be_v give_v the_o summons_n shall_v be_v only_o give_v up_o to_o a_o short_a day_n but_o the_o execution_n shall_v not_o be_v null_a yet_o i_o think_v that_o opinion_n be_v not_o find_v 1._o because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v the_o execution_n to_o be_v null_a where_o a_o copy_n be_v not_o give_v 2._o the_o give_v up_o to_o see_v can_v be_v sufficient_a for_o if_o the_o party_n have_v get_v a_o full_a copy_n at_o home_n upon_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v he_o have_v raise_v exculpation_n and_o cite_v the_o witness_n therefore_o upon_o the_o place_n their_o execution_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o executer_n and_o stamp_v and_o seal_v before_o witness_n else_o they_o be_v null_a act_n 32._o parl._n 5._o i._o 3._o and_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v direct_a general_o against_o complice_n but_o the_o particular_a crime_n of_o every_o defender_n shall_v be_v express_v ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o cap._n 76._o and_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 85._o and_o by_o this_o last_o act_n all_o criminal_a letter_n which_o import_n tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o movable_a good_n when_o they_o be_v execute_v by_o open_a proclamation_n at_o mercat_n cross_n shall_v be_v execute_v betwixt_o eight_o hour_n of_o the_o morning_n and_o twelve_o hour_n at_o noon_n though_o former_o when_o a_o party_n be_v in_o prison_n his_o indictment_n may_v have_v be_v give_v he_o upon_o twenty_o four_o hour_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o robertson_n in_o july_n 1673._o that_o a_o panel_n in_o prison_n shall_v have_v fifteen_o day_n at_o least_o that_o he_o may_v within_o that_o time_n either_o raise_v a_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n or_o may_v take_v out_o diligence_n for_o prove_v his_o objection_n against_o witness_n or_o assize_n and_o that_o conform_v to_o the_o eleven_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n concern_v the_o justice_n court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v then_o by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a warrant_n for_o that_o indulgence_n in_o that_o article_n and_o correctory_n law_n such_o as_o the_o regulation_n be_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o letter_n especial_o in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o panel_n be_v a_o murderer_n take_v with_o reid_v hand_n and_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v against_o such_o by_o our_o old_a law_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n which_o reply_n be_v repel_v in_o respect_n it_o be_v duply_v for_o the_o panel_n that_o though_o the_o law_n do_v not_o express_v the_o time_n that_o be_v to_o be_v indulge_v to_o such_o as_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v yet_o it_o have_v express_v the_o reason_n for_o which_o this_o indulgence_n be_v to_o be_v give_v viz._n that_o the_o party_n may_v either_o exculpat_v himself_o or_o cast_v the_o witness_n or_o assizer_n that_o be_v to_o be_v use_v against_o he_o the_o law_n can_v not_o but_o allow_v a_o time_n sufficient_a for_o do_v that_o diligence_n it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o
law_n and_o a_o principle_n in_o reason_n that_o quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concessa_fw-la videntur_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la fieri_fw-la nequit_fw-la and_o though_o where_o a_o party_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n and_o confess_v the_o judge_n ought_v to_o do_v present_a justice_n upon_o he_o yet_o that_o be_v only_o introduce_v to_o make_v judge_n diligent_a but_o not_o at_o all_o to_o preclude_v poor_a panel_n from_o their_o just_a defence_n and_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o inhuman_a and_o unwarrantable_a if_o a_o poor_a panel_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n but_o can_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o kill_v in_o self-defence_n or_o if_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o aggressor_n that_o in_o either_o of_o these_o or_o such_o like_a case_n he_o can_v not_o have_v time_n to_o cite_v witness_n for_o that_o effect_n vi_o whether_o a_o person_n who_o be_v cite_v to_o compear_v in_o a_o criminal_a court_n as_o defender_n at_o a_o particular_a day_n express_v in_o the_o summons_n may_v not_o before_o that_o day_n appear_v in_o edinburgh_n though_o he_o be_v banish_v be_v doubt_v in_o the_o action_n pursue_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n against_o several_a gentleman_n in_o anno_fw-la 1674._o and_o that_o they_o may_v come_v to_o edinburgh_n be_v allow_v because_o be_v cite_v they_o be_v command_v to_o come_v 2._o their_o come_n to_o town_n be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o their_o defence_n and_o thus_o when_o man_n be_v indict_v they_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o a_o free_a prison_n though_o till_o then_o they_o be_v order_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o close_a prison_n and_o yet_o some_o thought_n that_o this_o may_v be_v doubt_v since_o they_o be_v once_o formal_o banish_v and_o so_o the_o banishment_n shall_v be_v formal_o take_v off_o and_o the_o raise_n of_o a_o dittay_n be_v no_o discharge_n of_o the_o banishment_n for_o else_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v discharge_v banishment_n when_o he_o please_v and_o inditement_n bear_v not_o to_o appear_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n but_o at_o such_o a_o day_n 2._o when_o man_n be_v under_o caption_n they_o may_v be_v take_v if_o they_o appear_v before_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o protection_n which_o show_v that_o a_o mere_a citation_n do_v not_o take_v off_o the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v liable_a 3._o protection_n be_v needless_a if_o this_o be_v allow_v for_o the_o citation_n will_v be_v a_o protection_n and_o yet_o protection_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o defender_n in_o such_o case_n as_o also_o it_o be_v doubt_v there_o if_o such_o as_o be_v cite_v upon_o sixty_o day_n may_v compear_v with_o other_o of_o their_o complice_n who_o be_v cite_v upon_o six_o day_n for_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o the_o appear_v upon_o sixty_o day_n be_v introduce_v in_o the_o defender_n favour_n and_o so_o he_o may_v renounce_v it_o and_o possible_o he_o can_v compear_v at_o the_o long_a diet_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v choose_v his_o own_o diet_n and_o it_o may_v be_v his_o true_a interest_n sometime_o to_o divide_v the_o defender_n and_o sometime_o his_o probation_n can_v be_v soon_o ready_a when_o there_o be_v more_o pursuer_n each_o libel_v a_o distinct_a interest_n as_o three_o brother_n pursue_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o their_o decease_a brother_n though_o they_o be_v all_o three_o kill_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o in_o the_o same_o action_n it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o two_o of_o the_o pursuer_n be_v absent_a the_o three_o can_v not_o insist_v and_o so_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v upon_o pretext_n that_o the_o libel_n be_v complext_v but_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o interest_n there_o be_v very_o distinct_a though_o in_o the_o same_o libel_n and_o that_o though_o they_o have_v be_v all_o joint_a pursuer_n yet_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o rest_n shall_v not_o prejudge_v any_o one_o who_o have_v a_o sufficient_a interest_n per_fw-la se._n vii_o when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n come_v which_o be_v peremptor_n and_o not_o with_o continuation_n of_o day_n by_o the_o act_n i._n 6._o the_o justice-clerk_n call_v the_o summons_n and_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v present_a and_o the_o defender_n be_v absent_a he_o be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o his_o cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v but_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o present_a than_o the_o clerk_n call_v upon_o the_o act_n for_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o the_o cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v for_o not_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o in_o either_o case_n a_o act_n be_v extract_v and_o if_o both_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o defender_n be_v absent_a the_o pursuer_n cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v for_o not_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v outlaw_v and_o his_o cautioner_n be_v likewise_o unlaw_v for_o not_o present_v he_o but_o if_o either_o or_o both_o compear_n the_o cautioner_n take_v instrument_n upon_o their_o report_n the_o letter_n if_o the_o defender_n cautioner_n present_v he_o at_o the_o day_n but_o if_o the_o judge_n be_v absent_a or_o the_o day_n feriat_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o public_a fast_o than_o i_o think_v the_o cautioner_n be_v not_o free_a but_o he_o shall_v present_v he_o at_o a_o day_n wherein_o he_o may_v be_v pursue_v for_o his_o obligation_n must_v be_v interpret_v to_o be_v cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la especial_o if_o the_o panel_n will_v have_v be_v imprison_v if_o he_o have_v not_o find_v that_o person_n cautioner_n upon_o their_o present_v the_o panel_n than_o the_o defender_n enter_v upon_o panel_n and_o the_o clerk_n mark_n curia_fw-la affirmata_fw-la die_fw-la mensis_fw-la per_fw-la and_o mark_n such_o a_o man_n enter_v upon_o the_o panel_n such_o a_o day_n accuse_v for_o the_o crime_n etc._n etc._n and_o mark_n who_o be_v pursuer_n and_o who_o be_v prolocutor_n in_o defence_n and_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v and_o the_o justice_n ask_v whether_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a or_o not_o which_o be_v conform_v to_o l._n 3._o ff_n quam_fw-la aniss_fw-la non_fw-la possint_fw-la &_o l._n &_o adulteram_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a de_fw-fr adult_n and_o the_o advocat_n for_o the_o defender_n dictat_fw-la both_o the_o dilator_n and_o peremptor_n defence_n as_o the_o advocat_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v his_o repley_n and_o triply_n which_o have_v be_v original_o introduce_v among_o we_o as_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o judge_n may_v not_o be_v seduce_v by_o the_o passionate_a and_o well_o act_v eloquence_n of_o advocat_n quintil_n athenis_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o areopage_n affectus_fw-la movere_fw-la etiam_fw-la per_fw-la praeconem_fw-la prohibebatur_fw-la orator_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o dictate_v also_o the_o advocate_n consider_v more_o grave_o what_o he_o assert_n in_o these_o case_n which_o be_v of_o so_o great_a concern_v and_o the_o judge_n have_v more_o permanent_o under_o his_o consideration_n what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v and_o succeed_a age_n may_v better_o judge_v of_o the_o ground_n whereupon_o he_o proceed_v title_n xxii_o of_o exculpation_n and_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o the_o defender_n 1._o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o exculpation_n with_o we_o 2._o whether_o exculpation_n may_v be_v admit_v though_o contrair_a to_o the_o libel_n 3._o how_o alibi_fw-la shall_v exculpat_o 4._o witness_n liable_a to_o exception_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o exculpation_n 5._o witness_n for_o exculpate_v may_v be_v admit_v though_o not_o cite_v 6._o whether_o a_o man_n may_v be_v punish_v though_o he_o have_v not_o full_o prove_v his_o exculpation_n 7._o how_o the_o defender_n may_v exculpat_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi insist_v not_o 8._o whether_o the_o justice_n or_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o exculpation_n 9_o what_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi cite_v as_o party_n the_o defender_n necessary_a witness_n albeit_o after_o a_o crime_n be_v prove_v the_o panel_n be_v most_o unfavourable_a yet_o till_o then_o he_o be_v still_o presume_a innocent_a &_o praestat_fw-la nocentem_fw-la absolvere_fw-la quam_fw-la innocentem_fw-la condemnare_fw-la &_o petr._n de_fw-fr anach_n consil_n 23._o observe_v well_o that_o the_o court_n deserve_v much_o more_o honour_n when_o they_o absolve_v then_o when_o they_o condemn_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o when_o a_o innocent_a person_n be_v condemn_v the_o wrong_n can_v be_v repair_v but_o when_o a_o guilty_a person_n be_v absolve_v yet_o god_n will_v either_o suffer_v he_o he_o to_o fall_v in_o a_o second_o snare_n whereby_o the_o first_o crime_n may_v be_v also_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o his_o infinite_a justice_n will_v punish_v he_o eternal_o if_o he_o repent_v not_o when_o any_o person_n be_v criminal_o pursue_v he_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o benefit_n of_o exculpation_n for_o so_o they_o term_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o
panel_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o clar._n quest_n 51._o but_o i_o find_v not_o this_o term_n use_v with_o we_o till_o the_o year_n 1661._o at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v use_v first_o in_o argyles_n process_n the_o english_a call_v this_o to_o traverse_v a_o indictment_n from_o the_o french_a word_n traverser_n as_o i_o suppose_v which_o signify_v to_o oppose_v or_o cross_v when_o a_o panel_n before_o that_o time_n be_v pursue_v in_o scotland_n he_o behove_v present_o to_o propon_n his_o defence_n and_o have_v witness_n there_o present_a for_o prove_v it_o or_o else_o he_o behove_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o pursuer_n witness_n for_o our_o ancestor_n think_v that_o the_o pursuer_n witness_n be_v present_a can_v not_o but_o know_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n exact_o and_o so_o be_v as_o fit_a to_o prove_v the_o exculpation_n as_o the_o libel_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o witness_n may_v have_v be_v present_a when_o the_o wound_n be_v give_v who_o be_v not_o present_a at_o the_o beginning_n when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o wound_n be_v give_v whereupon_o the_o exculpation_n of_o self-defence_n be_v found_v so_o that_o other_o witness_n be_v ofttimes_o necessary_a beside_o these_o adduce_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o presume_v that_o these_o will_v come_v without_o a_o citation_n or_o if_o they_o come_v without_o a_o citation_n they_o be_v ultroniâ—_n and_o so_o be_v suspect_v in_o anno_fw-la 1661._o the_o justice_n do_v begin_v to_o grant_v precept_n of_o exculpation_n which_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o clerk_n and_o express_v that_o in_o respect_n there_o be_v a_o pursuit_n of_o such_o a_o nature_n intend_v against_o such_o a_o man_n and_o that_o he_o have_v defence_n to_o propon_n here_o the_o defence_n be_v express_v therefore_o the_o justice_n grant_v warrant_v to_o he_o to_o cite_v witness_n for_o prove_v thereof_o etc._n etc._n that_o this_o precept_n be_v subscribe_v only_o by_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n yet_o thereafter_o in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o a_o formal_a summons_n pass_v under_o the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o cite_v witness_n for_o exculpation_n and_o they_o be_v call_v now_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n which_o contain_v the_o defence_n as_o former_o the_o precept_n do_v but_o because_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o scruple_n to_o pass_v such_o bill_n therefore_o the_o justice_n first_o consider_v the_o defence_n and_o if_o they_o find_v it_o probable_a they_o use_v to_o subscribe_v the_o warrant_n for_o a_o bill_n which_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n among_o the_o common_a bill_n and_o that_o bill_n be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o letter_n when_o the_o panel_n be_v accuse_v and_o the_o libel_n read_v his_o advocate_n do_v propon_n the_o defence_n or_o exculpation_n v_o g._n if_o the_o libel_n be_v murder_n the_o defence_n be_v inculpata_fw-la tutela_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o the_o defence_n be_v debate_v and_o either_o admit_v or_o repel_v by_o a_o express_a signator_n of_o process_n than_o the_o witness_n be_v according_o admit_v if_o the_o justice_n refuse_v to_o pass_v a_o warrant_n for_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n the_o defender_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v thereby_o prejudge_v but_o the_o diet_n will_v be_v continue_v till_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v find_v in_o my_o lord_n rentoun_v case_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o wedderburn_n december_n 1669._o and_o though_o the_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n shall_v be_v execute_v to_o the_o same_o diet_n with_o the_o principal_a summons_n yet_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v it_o reasonable_a they_o may_v continue_v the_o diet_n and_o allow_v a_o competent_a time_n for_o raise_v exculpation_n as_o they_o do_v 13._o july_n 1676._o in_o a_o case_n pursue_v by_o mackintosh_n against_o grant_n for_o in_o remote_a shire_n the_o defender_n have_v not_o time_n to_o raise_v and_o execute_v exculpation_n to_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n in_o the_o principal_a cause_n the_o ordinary_a defence_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o respectiv_a title_n to_o which_o they_o relate_v and_o it_o will_v swell_v too_o much_o and_o too_o unnecessary_o this_o title_n to_o repeat_v they_o here_o ii_o it_o be_v ordinary_o reply_v to_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n that_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o pursuer_n libel_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o probation_n and_o thus_o mr._n william_n sumervel_v be_v pursue_v for_o murder_v of_o bessy_n rentown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a as_o appear_v clear_o to_o many_o who_o see_v the_o same_o immediate_o after_o it_o be_v give_v likeas_n she_o go_v that_o night_n to_o her_o brother_n house_n three_o mile_n on_o foot_n and_o never_o take_v bed_n but_o wrought_v as_o a_o servant_n in_o her_o ordinary_a employment_n for_o twelve_o week_n and_o at_o last_o have_v go_v to_o attend_v her_o brother_n who_o die_v of_o a_o spot_a fever_n she_o be_v by_o he_o infect_v and_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n which_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n be_v repel_v decemb._n 1669._o as_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o libel_v that_o he_o give_v she_o a_o mortal_a wound_n that_o she_o die_v of_o the_o wound_n that_o he_o give_v she_o and_o i_o find_v it_o former_o repel_v 15._o july_n 1642._o cheyn_n against_o mowit_n but_o this_o principle_n viz._n that_o exculpation_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o libel_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v seem_v not_o to_o be_v allowable_a for_o all_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n may_v be_v thereby_o preclude_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n so_o circumstantiat_fw-la his_o libel_n upon_o design_n as_o that_o the_o only_a exculpation_n which_o he_o fear_v behove_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o libel_n and_o since_o in_o scotland_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o precise_o obliedge_v to_o prove_v all_o the_o quality_n which_o he_o libel_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o he_o prove_v the_o libel_n itself_o the_o poor_a defender_n may_v easy_o be_v cheat_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n libel_n all_o the_o circumstance_n exclusive_a of_o the_o exculpation_n which_o he_o fear_v and_o after_o he_o have_v thereby_o exclude_v the_o defence_n he_o may_v contend_v that_o albeit_o the_o quality_n be_v not_o prove_v yet_o the_o fact_n itself_o be_v prove_v it_o be_v sufficient_a 2._o in_o civil_a case_n some_o defence_n be_v admit_v though_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n as_o in_o riot_n before_o the_o council_n and_o in_o spuilzy_n and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v much_o more_o to_o be_v admit_v in_o criminal_a case_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v more_o favourable_a than_o he_o be_v in_o civil_a case_n 3._o if_o this_o principle_n do_v general_o hold_v than_o self-defence_n and_o casual_a homicide_n can_v never_o be_v allow_v as_o exculpation_n for_o both_o these_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n use_v in_o the_o case_n of_o homicide_n which_o bear_v still_o premeditation_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o difference_n that_o which_o i_o find_v more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n in_o these_o indigested_a discourse_n which_o the_o doctor_n make_v upon_o this_o subject_a may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o where_o the_o defence_n iâ—_n not_o absolute_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n it_o ought_v only_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o probation_n 2._o though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n yet_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n a_o conjunct_a probation_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o beside_o the_o former_a reason_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n debate_v very_o learned_o whether_o when_o the_o pursuer_n probation_n of_o the_o libel_n be_v express_o contrary_a to_o the_o probation_n lead_v by_o the_o defender_n the_o pursuer_n or_o defender_n probation_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v bossius_n tit_n defence_n reor_fw-la which_o question_n be_v needless_a if_o a_o mutual_a probation_n be_v not_o allow_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o boss._n there_o advise_v the_o defender_n capitulare_fw-la directe_v contrarium_fw-la ejus_fw-la quod_fw-la libellatur_fw-la and_o when_o the_o probation_n differ_v the_o ordinary_a rule_n to_o be_v follow_v be_v that_o 1._o the_o defender_n probation_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v gloss_n in_o cap_n in_o nostris_fw-la detest_v because_o it_o be_v admit_v by_o the_o presumption_n that_o nemo_fw-la presumitur_fw-la diliquisse_n boss._n ibid._n but_o if_o the_o probation_n be_v not_o equal_a the_o great_a number_n or_o these_o who_o depon_n what_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o the_o worthy_a person_n ought_v to_o be_v believe_v boss._n ibid._n how_o far_o this_o doctrine_n be_v allow_v by_o our_o practic_n will_v appear_v from_o a_o case_n decide_v in_o jun_n 1670._o in_o which_o william_n mackie_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a hoom_n in_o a_o single_a combat_n
to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o exculpation_n and_o so_o may_v have_v be_v ready_a to_o object_n against_o they_o to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o if_o this_o argument_n prove_v any_o thing_n it_o will_v prove_v that_o no_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v in_o exculpation_n except_o they_o be_v cite_v which_o be_v absurd_a and_o the_o reason_n why_o witness_n name_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v give_v with_o the_o libel_n be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o defender_n and_o that_o he_o may_v not_o die_v upon_o deposition_n of_o suspect_n witness_n and_o so_o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o detort_v this_o to_o the_o defender_n prejudice_n nor_o be_v there_o such_o hazard_n of_o corruption_n in_o exculpation_n as_o in_o pursuite_n for_o no_o man_n be_v to_o die_v no_o estate_n to_o be_v forefeit_v nor_o no_o man_n fame_n to_o be_v taint_v by_o the_o deposition_n of_o exculpate_v witness_n but_o i_o find_v no_o such_o speciality_n in_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v that_o privilege_n reasonable_a for_o man_n be_v prone_a though_o they_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o depone_v in_o favour_n rather_o of_o the_o panel_n then_o of_o the_o accuser_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o our_o law_n allow_v a_o assize_n of_o error_n against_o such_o as_o absolve_v but_o not_o against_o such_o as_o condemn_v vi_o the_o doctor_n also_o allow_v exculpation_n to_o be_v prove_v per_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o judicia_fw-la l._n merito_fw-la ff_n pro._n socio_fw-la boss._n tit_n de_fw-fr favour_n de_fw-fr fen_n but_o this_o be_v likewise_o reprobate_v by_o our_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v allow_v punishment_n shall_v be_v absolute_o arbitrary_a but_o it_o be_v question_v what_o punishment_n shall_v be_v inflict_v upon_o the_o defender_n who_o have_v prove_v his_o defence_n but_o not_o full_o as_o if_o he_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n that_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v in_o defence_n etc._n etc._n for_o resolution_n of_o which_o doubt_n they_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o imperfect_a probation_n of_o the_o defence_n be_v diametrical_o contrary_a to_o the_o pursuer_n probation_n and_o in_o that_o case_n they_o think_v it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v respect_v both_o because_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o imperfect_a and_o because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o a_o conclude_a probation_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o full_o contrary_a but_o tend_v only_o to_o prove_v somewhat_o that_o be_v different_a from_o the_o libel_n as_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi prove_v whole_o the_o murder_n and_o the_o defender_n that_o it_o be_v do_v in_o self-defence_n than_o they_o think_v that_o the_o probation_n though_o not_o full_a do_v obsuscat_n and_o weaken_v the_o pursuer_n probation_n and_o consequent_o the_o defender_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n which_o punishment_n ought_v only_o to_o be_v infer_v per_fw-la probationem_fw-la omni_fw-la exceptione_n majorem_fw-la bart._n in_o l._n admonendi_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr anchar_n council_n 285._o and_o i_o think_v that_o albeit_o the_o assize_n behove_v to_o file_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la yet_o the_o council_n ought_v upon_o a_o favourable_a representation_n from_o the_o justice_n to_o remit_v somewhat_o of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n vii_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi insist_v not_o so_o that_o the_o defender_n probation_n of_o self-defence_n may_v perish_v in_o the_o interim_n or_o if_o he_o who_o may_v accuse_v will_v raise_v no_o accusation_n than_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o exculpation_n will_v be_v competent_a may_v intend_v a_o summons_n wherein_o he_o must_v cite_v the_o party_n injure_v or_o his_o relation_n and_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n and_o in_o it_o he_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n ad_fw-la defensam_fw-la may_v be_v take_v to_o lie_v in_o retentis_fw-la ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la viii_o when_o witness_n be_v lead_v they_o shall_v present_o depon_n and_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n to_o what_o they_o depon_n and_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o assizer_n because_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la till_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v whether_o the_o exculpation_n be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o libel_n or_o eleid_n it_o and_o so_o the_o libel_n can_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o be_v find_v after_o much_o debate_n in_o barcleys_n case_n but_o this_o in_o my_o opinion_n shall_v only_o hold_v where_o the_o defence_n be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o libel_n but_o where_o both_o the_o libel_n and_o defence_n be_v admit_v joint_o to_o probation_n i_o think_v that_o both_o shall_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o inquest_n because_o the_o probation_n must_v be_v joint_o consider_v and_o the_o justice_n can_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o probation_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o so_o not_o to_o that_o which_o be_v join_v inseparable_o with_o it_o if_o the_o defender_n propon_n a_o defence_n but_o prove_v it_o not_o it_o be_v doubt_v if_o by_o propon_v the_o defence_n he_o acknowledge_v the_o libel_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n upon_o the_o one_o hand_n be_v that_o in_o all_o civil_a process_n he_o who_o propones_fw-la a_o defence_n acknowledge_v the_o libel_n and_o in_o reason_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o shall_v hold_v in_o criminal_o for_o he_o who_o allege_v that_o he_o murder_v a_o man_n in_o self-defence_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o he_o kill_v he_o but_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v hard_a that_o if_o the_o defender_n prove_v not_o his_o defence_n that_o he_o shall_v therefore_o die_v see_v that_o be_v to_o condemn_v the_o panel_n per_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o without_o probation_n upon_o a_o mere_a formality_n &_o ante_fw-la quam_fw-la constat_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la delicti_fw-la neither_o be_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi prejudge_v by_o the_o panel_n not_o prove_v his_o defence_n see_v his_o witness_n must_v still_o be_v present_a at_o the_o same_o time_n whereas_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o great_a and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v prejudge_v for_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o have_v witness_n ready_a for_o prove_v his_o libel_n to_o which_o last_o i_o incline_v vid._n tit_n confession_n where_o i_o have_v debate_v how_o far_o a_o qualify_a confession_n ought_v to_o operat_fw-la ix_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o the_o violent_a pursuer_n of_o crime_n to_o cite_v as_o complice_n all_o such_o as_o may_v be_v lead_v as_o witness_n by_o the_o panel_n for_o prove_v his_o exculpation_n or_o other_o defence_n upon_o design_n to_o decline_v or_o set_v they_o from_o be_v witness_n when_o they_o be_v lead_v for_o one_o panel_n can_v be_v lead_v by_o another_o as_o a_o witness_n for_o he_o and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o this_o be_v allow_v as_o a_o sufficient_a exception_n it_o shall_v still_o be_v in_o the_o pursuer_n power_n to_o cut_v the_o panel_n off_o from_o prove_a even_o his_o just_a defence_n to_o reconcile_v which_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o a_o spoulzie_a pursue_v before_o they_o the_o 24._o of_o fevary_n 1662._o at_o the_o instance_n of_o mackertney_n against_o irving_n ordain_v these_o witness_n against_o who_o the_o exception_n be_v propon_v to_o be_v first_o insist_v against_o to_o the_o end_n if_o they_o be_v find_v innocent_a they_o may_v be_v allow_v as_o witness_n against_o the_o other_o panel_n if_o not_o they_o may_v be_v decline_v which_o method_n be_v very_o just_a before_o they_o but_o seem_v more_o difficult_a in_o criminal_a court_n where_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n and_o where_o court_n can_v be_v continue_v but_o to_o this_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o court_n can_v be_v continue_v by_o the_o justice_n regulariter_fw-la as_o in_o civil_a case_n yet_o in_o many_o case_n incident_n may_v occur_v whereby_o continuation_n be_v necessary_a and_o all_o law_n must_v yield_v to_o necessity_n the_o exception_n of_o self-defence_n be_v treat_v title_n murder_n and_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o areopage_n if_o the_o panel_n confess_v he_o commit_v murder_n but_o that_o he_o kill_v lawful_o he_o be_v not_o try_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o murder_n be_v try_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d perion_n de_fw-fr magistr_n athen_n cap._n 25._o title_n xxiii_o of_o assizes_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o assize_n and_o inquest_n 2._o the_o form_n of_o cite_v assisser_n and_o who_o make_v the_o roll._n 3._o sometime_o there_o need_v no_o assize_n 4._o what_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o what_o by_o the_o inquest_n 5._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o ordinary_a and_o a_o great_a assize_n and_o the_o number_n of_o assizer_n in_o both_o 6._o the_o oath_n of_o assiser_n and_o the_o objection_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v decline_v 7._o every_o man_n must_v be_v judge_v by_o his_o petrs_n and_o who_o these_o be_v 8._o whether_o assiser_n may_v judge_v upon_o proper_a knowledge_n 9_o all_o
be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o assizer_n to_o the_o probation_n yet_o to_o distinguish_v the_o limit_n of_o their_o different_a cognition_n become_v very_o oft_o difficult_a upon_o these_o two_o account_n 1._o by_o express_v act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 151._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o because_o party_n be_v ofttimes_o frustrate_a of_o justice_n by_o allege_v irrelevancy_n against_o criminal_a libel_n therefore_o when_o the_o person_n complain_v upon_o be_v libel_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n no_o exception_n or_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n of_o the_o libel_n in_o time_n come_v so_o that_o albeit_o the_o great_a debate_n concern_v relevancy_n among_o lawyer_n in_o criminal_a case_n do_v arise_v upon_o these_o common_a place_n cujus_fw-la open_a auxilio_fw-la assistentia_fw-la mandato_fw-la etc._n etc._n ea_fw-la crimina_fw-la erant_fw-la commissa_fw-la and_o from_o what_o circumstance_n these_o can_v be_v infer_v yet_o now_o the_o debate_n upon_o all_o this_o fall_v not_o by_o that_o act_n under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assize_n all_o these_o be_v branch_n and_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n 2._o the_o probation_n require_v ofttimes_o in_o it_o somewhat_o of_o relevancy_n to_o be_v previous_o debate_v as_o for_o instance_n whether_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v bind_v or_o what_o witness_n in_o law_n be_v receiveable_a or_o not_o all_o which_o case_n do_v ofttimes_o confound_v the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n but_o for_o clear_v of_o these_o limit_n their_o follow_a conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o dubio_fw-la all_o that_o concern_v law_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o what_o concern_v fact_n by_o the_o assize_n 2._o regulariter_fw-la all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v recommend_v it_o as_o a_o caution_n to_o advocat_n that_o when_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o assiser_n and_o find_v the_o case_n intricat_fw-la that_o they_o do_v not_o simple_o libel_v that_o such_o person_n be_v art_n and_o part_n but_o that_o they_o libel_v they_o to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o rescue_v the_o malefactor_n etc._n etc._n for_o when_o the_o qualification_n from_o which_o art_n and_o part_n be_v infer_v be_v express_o libel_v the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o inference_n but_o if_o these_o condescend_v not_o that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n than_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o though_o the_o same_o be_v in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la because_o of_o the_o former_a act_n as_o be_v find_v in_o captain_n barclay_v case_n november_n 1668._o where_o they_o refuse_v to_o force_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v quo_fw-la modo_fw-la art_n and_o part_n albeit_o this_o be_v very_o dangerous_a see_v assizer_n be_v ofttimes_o ignorant_a person_n and_o yet_o they_o force_v the_o panel_n to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n and_o will_v not_o refer_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n which_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o probation_n as_o to_o which_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o reason_n of_o disparity_n but_o that_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o case_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o assiser_n whereas_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n as_o to_o the_o other_o but_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o i_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o for_o the_o statutory_a part_n of_o that_o act_n commit_v the_o trial_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o assiser_n seem_v most_o unjust_a see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o commit_v the_o great_a question_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o most_o ignorant_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v to_o put_v a_o sharp_a sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o blind_a man_n and_o the_o reason_n conductive_a of_o this_o act_n specify_v in_o the_o narrative_a be_v likewise_o most_o inept_v and_o no_o way_n illative_a of_o what_o be_v thereby_o statute_v since_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n can_v very_o little_o have_v hinder_v and_o never_o have_v hinder_v justice_n for_o the_o relevancy_n be_v debate_v now_o as_o copious_o as_o before_o that_o act_n with_o this_o only_a difierence_n that_o it_o be_v then_o debate_v before_o judge_n who_o can_v have_v keep_v advocat_n at_o the_o point_n whereas_o now_o it_o be_v debate_v before_o assiser_n who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o bound_v or_o how_o to_o stop_v they_o but_o a_o better_a reason_n for_o this_o law_n have_v be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o allow_v to_o examine_v the_o witness_n and_o so_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o know_v what_o they_o can_v say_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v exact_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o sound_v a_o clear_a condescendency_n in_o art_n and_o part_n until_o he_o hear_v the_o witness_n depon_n and_o see_v the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n therefore_o they_o ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n but_o i_o think_v that_o after_o the_o witness_n have_v depone_v the_o justice_n shall_v still_o determine_v what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n and_o shall_v not_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o as_o they_o be_v found_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o upon_o the_o former_a principle_n that_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o relevancy_n so_o they_o be_v not_o exclude_v therefrae_fw-la by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o only_o ordain_v that_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v no_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n thereof_o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n the_o libel_n shall_v doubtless_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v the_o judge_n when_o he_o hear_v the_o probation_n to_o run_v upon_o rescue_n mandat_fw-la or_o ratihabition_n shall_v tell_v the_o inquest_n what_o act_v in_o law_n do_v infer_v either_o of_o these_o and_o then_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o judge_v if_o these_o act_n which_o he_o declare_v to_o be_v relevant_a be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v much_o fit_a then_o to_o leave_v poor_a ignorant_a assizer_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o advocat_n who_o may_v bias_n they_o by_o their_o repute_n authority_n or_o confidence_n 3._o albeit_o the_o assize_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o probation_n yet_o what_o manner_n of_o probation_n be_v requisite_a belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o the_o justice_n determine_v in_o balcanquels_fw-fr case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o witness_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v perjure_v themselves_o by_o the_o deposition_n of_o other_o witness_n but_o only_o by_o writ_n or_o reexamination_n and_o in_o the_o action_n of_o usury_n pursue_v against_o witherspoon_n march_v 1666._o they_o find_v that_o usurary_n paction_n be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o writ_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o other_o witness_n than_o the_o witness_n insert_v and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n november_n 1667._o they_o find_v that_o the_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a rent_n be_v not_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n please_v he_o may_v desire_v ad_fw-la informandam_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la any_o probation_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v take_v and_o thus_o often_o time_n in_o the_o criminal_a register_n assizer_n have_v cause_v read_v testificat_o from_o chirurgeon_n and_o other_o licet_fw-la regulariter_fw-la testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la est_fw-la credendum_fw-la the_o last_o rule_n be_v that_o before_o the_o assize_n be_v swear_v all_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o after_o they_o be_v swear_v the_o justice_n functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o all_o thereafter_o fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assizer_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la which_o run_v thus_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o libel_n relevant_a notwithstanding_o of_o the_o defence_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o pass_v thereupon_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o their_o difficulty_n i_o wish_v that_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n which_o overture_n seem_v most_o fit_a and_o advantageous_a for_o these_o subsequent_a reason_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o contingency_n betwixt_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v disjoin_v and_o sure_o they_o must_v best_o understand_v what_o probation_n be_v requisite_a who_o have_v consider_v the_o relevancy_n upon_o which_o it_o depend_v and_o for_o
punish_v after_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n skeen_n observe_v upon_o that_o place_n reg._n maj._n that_o amittere_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o non_fw-la habere_fw-la personam_fw-la standi_fw-la injudicio_fw-la and_o they_o can_v never_o be_v admit_v thereafter_o as_o witness_n neither_o in_o writ_n nor_o in_o judgement_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n but_o to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v know_v which_o of_o the_o assize_n assoilzy_v it_o be_v by_o the_o 9_o article_n regul_n 1670._o appoint_v that_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n mark_v upon_o the_o same_o papper_n upon_o which_o the_o verdict_n be_v write_v who_o condemn_v and_o who_o assoilzâ—ed_v which_o paper_n be_v to_o be_v seal_v and_o keep_v till_o a_o summons_n of_o error_n be_v raise_v the_o council_n sometime_o rescind_v verdict_n without_o any_o action_n of_o error_n in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o in_o george_n ghrahams_n case_n where_o they_o ordain_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o inquest_n whereby_o he_o be_v find_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o recept_n of_o steal_a bond_n to_o be_v unjust_a and_o restore_v he_o against_o the_o same_o but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o who_o be_v unjust_o condemn_v may_v be_v restore_v against_o that_o verdict_n though_o it_o be_v find_v unjust_a see_v these_o who_o be_v unjust_o assoilzy_v can_v be_v thereafter_o pursue_v though_o the_o absolvitur_fw-la be_v find_v unjust_a per_fw-la argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la contrario_fw-la vid._n titl_n of_o the_o council_n where_o this_o question_n be_v full_o debate_v and_o determine_v title_n xxiv_o of_o probation_n by_o confession_n 1._o probation_n define_v 2._o probation_n by_o confession_n if_o judicial_a be_v the_o strong_a of_o all_o probation_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n be_v a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n allowable_a 4._o what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o qualify_a confession_n 5._o the_o effect_n of_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n 6._o how_o far_o a_o minor_n confession_n obliedge_n probation_n be_v so_o full_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o civilian_n and_o cannenist_n and_o we_o differ_v so_o little_a from_o they_o that_o i_o shall_v only_o treat_v of_o it_o here_o in_o relation_n to_o our_o own_o law_n i._o probation_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o the_o judge_n be_v convince_v of_o what_o be_v asseâ—ted_v and_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v in_o probation_n by_o confession_n by_o oath_n by_o writ_n by_o witness_n and_o by_o presumption_n ii_o probation_n by_o confession_n be_v the_o most_o secure_a of_o all_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v in_o law_n that_o in_o confitentem_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la suitable_a to_o which_o such_o as_o confess_v be_v ofttimes_o codemn_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o i_o have_v more_o full_o treat_v in_o the_o title_n of_o assize_n but_o because_o man_n will_v sometime_o confess_v a_o crime_n rather_o out_o of_o weariness_n of_o their_o life_n than_o a_o consciousness_n of_o guilt_n therefore_o the_o law_n have_v require_v that_o if_o there_o appear_v any_o aversion_n for_o life_n taedium_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la or_o any_o sign_n of_o distraction_n or_o madness_n that_o these_o confession_n shall_v not_o be_v rest_v upon_o except_o they_o be_v adminiculat_fw-la with_o other_o probation_n as_o also_o because_o confession_n be_v ofttimes_o emit_v negligent_o the_o confessor_n think_v that_o their_o private_a confession_n can_v prejudge_v they_o therefore_o the_o law_n do_v only_o give_v credit_n to_o judicial_a confession_n and_o not_o to_o these_o that_o be_v extrajudicial_a &_o extra_fw-la bancum_fw-la which_o maxim_n be_v strong_a with_o we_o then_o elsewhere_o because_o by_o a_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 90._o all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n iii_o this_o maxim_n do_v admit_v in_o farin_n icius_fw-la opinion_n many_o limitation_n as_o 1._o that_o if_o the_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v adminiculat_fw-la by_o other_o presumption_n it_o be_v sufficient_a but_o except_o the_o presumption_n be_v very_o violent_a i_o can_v allow_v this_o limitation_n see_v confessio_fw-la extrajudicialis_fw-la in_o se_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la nullum_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la adminiculari_fw-la and_o therefore_o some_o approve_v bossius_n who_o admit_v this_o confession_n though_o adminiculat_fw-la only_a to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la for_o certain_o such_o prevarication_n and_o abuse_v of_o truth_n and_o judge_n deserve_v some_o punishment_n the_o second_o limitation_n be_v that_o if_o the_o confession_n be_v admit_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o accept_v by_o he_o than_o it_o be_v valid_a though_o extrajudicial_a but_o this_o i_o allow_v not_o because_o it_o be_v still_o extrajudicial_a and_o the_o confessor_n know_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o die_v upon_o such_o a_o confession_n for_o which_o reason_n likewise_o i_o approve_v not_o the_o three_o and_o four_o limitation_n which_o be_v that_o if_o the_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v geminata_fw-la and_o reiterated_a or_o emit_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o multitude_n or_o ad_fw-la exonerationem_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la that_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v valid_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o though_o major_a weir_n confess_v sodomy_n and_o incest_n to_o minister_n and_o magistrate_n joint_o for_o exoneration_n of_o his_o conscience_n in_o presence_n of_o many_o person_n that_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o judicial_a confession_n as_o think_v the_o former_a not_o sufficient_a and_o yet_o frazer_n be_v condemn_v upon_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o assembly_n at_o aberdene_n and_o other_o noble_a man_n though_o retract_v 1641._o where_o this_o limitation_n be_v allege_v upon_o out_o of_o farinacius_n and_o this_o be_v represent_v to_o the_o parliament_n they_o refuse_v to_o give_v their_o opinion_n and_o refer_v all_o back_n to_o the_o justice_n who_o sustain_v the_o confession_n adminiculate_v as_o say_v be_v the_o six_o limitation_n be_v that_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v valid_a if_o upon_o oath_n but_o i_o allow_v not_o this_o see_v oath_n be_v not_o allow_v in_o criminal_a case_n nor_o can_v the_o panel_n be_v force_v thereto_o and_o if_o he_o swear_v ultronious_o and_o undesired_a the_o confession_n will_v appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v suspect_n as_o emited_a either_o per_fw-la surorem_fw-la vel_fw-la ex_fw-la taedio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la the_o seven_o limitation_n be_v that_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v sufficient_a when_o the_o crime_n confess_v consist_v in_o animo_fw-la as_o for_o instance_n if_o it_o be_v doubt_v upon_o what_o reason_n a_o person_n accuse_v flee_v or_o shoot_v a_o pistol_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o neither_o allow_v this_o limitation_n for_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o rule_n see_v all_o crime_n require_v animum_fw-la delinquendi_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o some_o circumstance_n of_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n and_o so_o this_o limitation_n may_v be_v true_a in_o that_o sense_n all_o these_o limitation_n be_v large_o rather_o than_o exact_o set_v down_o by_o farin_n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la quest_n 81._o reg._n 10._o confession_n though_o extrajudicial_a may_v be_v sufficient_a if_o adminiculat_fw-la to_o subject_v the_o confessor_n to_o the_o torture_n but_o this_o be_v rare_o practise_v with_o we_o but_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v mitchel_n late_o torture_v upon_o his_o retract_n a_o confession_n emit_v by_o he_o in_o presence_n of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n and_o a_o confession_n extort_a by_o torture_n be_v in_o no_o law_n sufficient_a so_o that_o except_o it_o be_v adhere_v to_o after_o the_o person_n torture_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o rack_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n it_o make_v no_o faith_n farin_n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la cap._n 3._o the_o custom_n with_o we_o be_v that_o the_o advocate_n do_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n examine_v the_o party_n to_o be_v accuse_v and_o if_o he_o confess_v either_o he_o subscribe_v his_o confession_n if_o he_o can_v write_v or_o else_o the_o justice_n subscribe_v for_o he_o or_o which_o be_v secure_a make_v two_o nottar_n and_o four_o witness_n subscribe_v and_o albeit_o a_o confession_n thus_o subscribe_v by_o two_o nottar_n before_o four_o witness_n be_v find_v sufficient_a upon_o the_o 7._o of_o december_n 1669._o in_o the_o case_n of_o finla_n macknob_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n yet_o it_o be_v then_o allege_v that_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o sufficient_a and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o all_o probation_n shall_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n foresay_a be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v found_v upon_o confession_n the_o confession_n shall_v have_v be_v
pâ—sse_fw-la crimina_fw-la vel_fw-la idoniis_fw-la testibus_fw-la vel_fw-la apertissimis_fw-la documentis_fw-la vel_fw-la judiciis_fw-la judubitatis_fw-la probari_fw-la &_o l._n 2._o ff_n quon_n apple_n non_fw-fr recip_n ubi_fw-la jubetur_fw-la curialis_fw-la observare_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la homicidarum_fw-la adulterorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n argumentis_fw-la convictus_fw-la testibus_fw-la superatus_fw-la vel_fw-la voce_fw-la propria_fw-la confessus_fw-la audiatur_fw-la apellare_fw-la 2._o since_o witness_n be_v only_o believe_v because_o it_o be_v presume_v they_o will_v not_o damn_v themselves_o why_o may_v not_o other_o presumption_n be_v likewise_o receive_v 3._o presumption_n be_v in_o many_o case_n allow_v as_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n as_o the_o presumption_n of_o cohabitation_n after_o the_o party_n be_v discharge_v be_v sufficient_a be_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o infer_v adultery_n 4._o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n be_v ofttimes_o found_v upon_o presumption_n as_o when_o they_o depon_n upon_o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la ebriety_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o depend_v upon_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n 5._o many_o have_v be_v condemn_v upon_o presumption_n as_o janet_n brown_n who_o be_v convict_v for_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n upon_o presumption_n and_o hang_v according_o the_o 25._o of_o june_n 1614_o and_o scot_n be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o kill_v of_o drumlanrig_n sheep_n the_o 20._o of_o february_n 1616._o and_o after_o a_o solemn_a debate_n how_o far_o presumption_n can_v prove_v in_o criminal_o in_o alexander_n kennedy_n case_n he_o be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o falsehood_n upon_o presumption_n in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o this_o difficulty_n have_v force_v some_o of_o the_o doctor_n to_o conclude_v that_o this_o case_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o other_o to_o conclude_v that_o presumption_n may_v infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la cod._n fab_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr paen_fw-la which_o last_o opinion_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n coincident_a with_o the_o first_o for_o in_o arbitrary_a case_n the_o judge_n can_v never_o proceed_v to_o death_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o both_o these_o opinion_n be_v well_o found_v because_o not_o only_o the_o commit_n of_o crime_n but_o even_o the_o give_v of_o scandal_n and_o the_o do_v that_o which_o be_v like_o a_o crime_n deserve_v to_o be_v some_o way_n punish_v but_o this_o arbitrariness_n shall_v only_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o council_n who_o be_v a_o supreme_a judicatory_a and_o be_v in_o such_o extraordinary_a case_n tie_v to_o no_o express_a law_n title_n xxvi_o probation_n by_o witness_n 1._o how_o witness_n be_v cite_v with_o we_o 2._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la ultronei_fw-la 3._o what_o witness_n be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n 4._o when_o woman_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n and_o when_o not_o 5._o how_o minor_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v witness_n 6._o person_n guilty_a of_o crime_n can_v be_v admit_v 7._o person_n within_o degree_n defendant_n be_v not_o admit_v and_o who_o these_o be_v 8._o domestic_a servant_n when_o admit_v 9_o movable_a tenant_n 10._o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la 11._o defender_n cite_v as_o party_n 12._o what_o time_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o hability_n of_o a_o witness_n 13._o whether_o witness_n inhabile_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n 14._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la singulares_fw-la 15._o the_o contrariety_n in_o deposition_n consider_v 16._o causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la 17._o witness_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la 18._o it_o be_v now_o necessary_a to_o give_v in_o a_o list_n to_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o witness_n name_n who_o be_v to_o be_v lead_v against_o he_o 19_o absent_a witness_n how_o punish_v and_o compel_v 20._o what_o number_n may_v be_v cite_v for_o prove_v each_o crime_n if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o raise_v of_o a_o summons_n that_o summons_n contain_v a_o warrant_n to_o cite_v witness_n but_o if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o justice_n grant_v warrant_n by_o precept_n for_o cite_v of_o witness_n at_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi give_v in_o with_o his_o execute_v summons_n execution_n likewise_o against_o the_o witness_n and_o if_o the_o execution_n against_o the_o witness_n be_v not_o legal_a the_o diet_n be_v desert_v but_o if_o the_o witness_n be_v lawful_o cite_v and_o compear_v not_o of_o old_a there_o be_v a_o warrant_n give_v to_o apprehend_v they_o and_o the_o diet_n be_v continue_v but_o now_o there_o be_v formal_a letter_n of_o caption_n give_v under_o the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n and_o not_o of_o the_o justice-court_n and_o the_o letter_n be_v still_o raise_v by_o the_o justice-clerk_n deputâ—_n who_o be_v the_o ordinary_a clerk_n of_o court_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n refuse_v to_o apprehend_v the_o witness_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o caption_n the_o letter_n will_v be_v direct_a against_o himself_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n and_o this_o be_v first_o observe_v in_o the_o case_n of_o mackalla_n against_o lindsay_n after_o the_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n he_o ask_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi wat_fw-mi way_n he_o will_v prove_v his_o libel_n and_o if_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n be_v choose_v as_o the_o manner_n of_o probation_n to_o be_v use_v ii_o the_o justice_n desire_v the_o clerk_n to_o call_v the_o witness_n and_o if_o any_o be_v give_v in_o in_o the_o list_n against_o who_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a execution_n it_o be_v allege_v they_o can_v be_v receive_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n and_o be_v found_v upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o he_o who_o offer_v himself_o to_o depon_n without_o be_v lawful_o cite_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v too_o desirous_a to_o depon_n and_o so_o to_o have_v malice_n these_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v testes_fw-la ultronâ—i_fw-la yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o justice_n sometime_o receive_v witness_n cite_v apud_fw-la acta_fw-la as_o alexander_n forester_n against_o a_o witch_n the_o 3._o of_o august_n 1661._o so_o though_o they_o will_v not_o receive_v a_o witness_n who_o appear_v upon_o a_o unlawful_a citation_n and_o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v unlawful_a yet_o they_o will_v receive_v some_o though_o not_o at_o all_o cite_v for_o the_o first_o show_v a_o compliance_n but_o not_o the_o last_o all_o the_o objection_n against_o the_o wittess_n be_v discuss_v before_o they_o be_v swear_v for_o it_o be_v below_o the_o majesty_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o administrat_fw-la the_o same_o unnecessary_o before_o it_o be_v know_v whether_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v administrat_fw-la will_v be_v receive_v to_o object_v against_o a_o witness_n in_o our_o law_n be_v call_v to_o cast_v a_o witness_n or_o to_o set_v he_o and_o by_o the_o doctor_n it_o be_v call_v to_o repel_v a_o witness_n but_o because_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n or_o oppositiones_fw-la contra_fw-la testes_fw-la as_o farinacius_n call_v they_o be_v so_o large_o treat_v of_o by_o he_o and_o other_o i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o particular_a objection_n which_o be_v mention_v and_o make_v use_v of_o frequent_o in_o our_o law_n and_o practic_a and_o in_o law_n these_o objection_n be_v divide_v into_o such_o as_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la and_o these_o which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la i_o shall_v therefore_o first_o treat_v of_o these_o objection_n which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la iii_o witness_n be_v not_o admit_v with_o we_o if_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n which_o we_o interpret_v to_o be_v ten_o pound_n and_o because_o no_o man_n can_v know_v the_o value_n of_o another_o estate_n this_o objection_n be_v find_v therefore_o only_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o witness_n himself_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o ruchead_n against_o muire_n the_o 9_o of_o december_n 1668._o but_o this_o seem_v strange_a for_o since_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o he_o will_v depon_n unjust_o why_o it_o shall_v believe_v he_o as_o to_o his_o own_o quality_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n when_o the_o hazard_n be_v so_o great_a the_o be_v know_v to_o be_v a_o actual_a beggar_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a per_fw-la se_fw-la to_o cast_v a_o witness_n without_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o witness_n oath_n this_o objection_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o presumption_n that_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v liable_a to_o impression_n and_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v express_o repel_v from_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n stat_fw-la 2._o rob._n and_o they_o be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n iu_o woman_n regulariter_fw-la be_v not_o witness_n neither_o in_o civil_a nor_o criminal_a case_n with_o we_o nor_o shall_v they_o make_v as_o much_o faith_n with_o we_o
prove_v his_o exception_n both_o because_o the_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o have_v a_o diligence_n for_o prove_v thereof_o for_o remedy_n whereof_o by_o the_o 11._o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n of_o the_o justice-court_n it_o be_v appoint_v that_o when_o the_o libel_n or_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n be_v execute_v the_o name_n of_o the_o inquest_n and_o witness_n shall_v likewise_o be_v give_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v know_v what_o to_o object_n against_o they_o and_o diligence_n be_v thereby_o allow_v he_o for_o prove_v his_o objection_n against_o this_o article_n it_o be_v murmur_v that_o first_o this_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o know_v what_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v adduce_v and_o much_o less_o what_o assizer_n may_v be_v present_a for_o they_o can_v not_o assure_v their_o attendance_n 2._o this_o may_v prove_v a_o mean_a of_o corrupt_a witness_n and_o assizer_n who_o if_o know_v may_v be_v practise_v but_o to_o these_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v raise_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n to_o vex_v man_n in_o their_o fame_n and_o fortune_n till_o he_o be_v secure_a that_o he_o can_v prove_v hiâ—_n libel_n which_o infer_v necessary_o that_o he_o know_v the_o witness_n who_o be_v to_o be_v adduce_v and_o see_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n cite_v 45._o he_o may_v be_v confident_a fifteen_o of_o they_o will_v obey_v and_o be_v so_o wise_a as_o to_o evite_v the_o penalty_n and_o this_o objection_n will_v tend_v much_o more_o against_o all_o continuation_n of_o assizer_n for_o a_o whole_a year_n which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a to_o the_o second_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o either_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v adduce_v be_v honest_a and_o then_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o practise_v or_o they_o be_v false_a and_o obnoxious_a to_o corruption_n and_o then_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v at_o all_o and_o it_o be_v inhuman_a that_o a_o man_n life_n and_o fortune_n shall_v be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o deposition_n of_o these_o who_o the_o law_n dare_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v know_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v bribe_v and_o corrupt_v and_o this_o inconveenience_n can_v hardly_o have_v be_v evit_v before_o their_o regulation_n for_o ordinary_o the_o defender_n know_v who_o be_v present_a and_o need_v suspect_v that_o none_o will_v be_v adduce_v who_o be_v not_o present_a as_o likewise_o when_o diet_n be_v continue_v as_o frequent_o they_o be_v the_o witness_n be_v still_o know_v but_o these_o jealousy_n be_v by_o very_o much_o less_o dangerous_a than_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o attend_v the_o not_o allow_v the_o panel_n to_o know_v what_o witness_n be_v suspicious_a and_o shall_v be_v decline_v and_o our_o law_n shall_v either_o not_o have_v allow_v objection_n against_o witness_n or_o else_o shall_v have_v allow_v a_o diet_n and_o mean_n for_o prove_v they_o nam_fw-la quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concedi_fw-la debent_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la perveniri_fw-la nequimus_fw-la xix_o if_o witness_n compear_v not_o of_o old_a the_o diet_n be_v immediate_o desert_v but_o now_o caption_n will_v be_v direct_a against_o they_o and_o the_o diet_n will_v be_v continue_v for_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o fisk_n shall_v be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o the_o witness_n but_o if_o two_o compear_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la if_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v continue_v for_o two_o be_v sufficient_a for_o prove_v the_o libel_n but_o because_o more_o witness_n than_o two_o be_v ofttimes_o requisite_a there_o be_v many_o circumstance_n to_o be_v prove_v therefore_o it_o seem_v hard_a that_o the_o diet_n shall_v not_o be_v even_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la continue_v and_o at_o other_o time_n there_o may_v be_v objection_n which_o may_v cast_v such_o as_o be_v present_a and_o therefore_o the_o justice_n continue_v the_o diet_n against_o braco_n gordoun_n the_o 11._o of_o november_n 1671._o because_o the_o defender_n will_v not_o declare_v that_o he_o will_v use_v no_o objection_n against_o such_o as_o be_v present_a though_o regulariter_fw-la the_o justice_n will_v grant_v warrant_n to_o apprehend_v and_o secure_a party_n who_o be_v suspect_v of_o crime_n till_o they_o find_v surety_n yet_o they_o refuse_v to_o secure_v or_o attach_v such_o as_o be_v cite_v to_o be_v witness_n lest_o thereby_o they_o shall_v discourage_v man_n from_o compear_v to_o bear_v witness_n december_n 1672._o in_o answer_n to_o a_o petition_n give_v in_o by_o the_o marquis_n of_o montrose_n tenant_n xx._n by_o the_o custom_n both_o of_o the_o council_n and_o criminal_a court_n ten_o witness_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v cite_v upon_o every_o separate_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o article_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o no_o more_o to_o evite_v confusion_n nor_o want_v there_o precedent_n for_o the_o number_n of_o ten_o in_o this_o case_n since_o cap._n 5._o legis_fw-la mamimiliae_fw-la inque_fw-la eam_fw-la rem_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la hac_fw-la lege_fw-la judicium_fw-la dederit_fw-la testibus_fw-la publicae_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la in_o res_fw-la singulas_fw-la decem_fw-la denunciandi_fw-la potentatem_fw-la facito_fw-la and_o i_o find_v in_o valerius_n probus_fw-la this_o to_o be_v a_o article_n edicti_fw-la praetorii_fw-la testibusque_fw-la publicae_fw-la dumtaxat_fw-la decem_fw-la denunciandi_fw-la potestatem_fw-la faciam_fw-la to_o which_o number_n witness_n be_v stint_v by_o a_o statute_n of_o lewis_n the_o 12._o of_o france_n langlaus_fw-la semestr_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o from_o which_o statute_n our_o custom_n seem_v to_o have_v flow_v title_n xxvii_o of_o torture_n 1._o by_o who_o can_v torture_n be_v inflict_v in_o our_o law_n 2._o torture_n purge_v all_o presumption_n 3._o whether_o may_v person_n who_o be_v condemn_v be_v thereafter_o torture_v 4._o who_o be_v exeme_v from_o torture_n 5._o how_o shall_v such_o be_v punish_v who_o torture_n unjust_o i._o torture_n be_v seldom_o use_v with_o we_o because_o some_o obstinate_a person_n do_v ofttimes_o deny_v truth_n whilst_o other_o who_o be_v frail_a and_o timorous_a confess_v for_o fear_n what_o be_v not_o true_a and_o it_o be_v competent_a to_o none_o but_o to_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n to_o use_v torture_n in_o any_o case_n and_o therefore_o they_o find_v that_o sir_n william_n ballâ—ndene_n as_o a_o captain_n can_v not_o torture_v though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o be_v necessary_a sometime_o for_o know_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o may_v be_v necessary_a and_o allow_v in_o some_o case_n to_o soldier_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o council_n be_v so_o tender_a in_o torture_n that_o though_o many_o presumption_n be_v adduce_v against_o giles_n there_o english_a man_n suspect_v of_o murder_n and_o adultery_n they_o refuse_v to_o torture_v he_o albeit_o it_o be_v press_v zealous_o by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n ii_o it_o be_v a_o brocard_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o he_o who_o offer_v to_o abide_v the_o torture_n purge_v all_o other_o presumption_n whiâ—h_o can_v be_v adduce_v against_o he_o and_o yet_o alexander_n kennedy_n be_v pursue_v for_o forge_v some_o bond_n and_o nothing_o be_v adduce_v for_o prove_v the_o crime_n save_o presumption_n offer_v to_o abide_v the_o torture_n but_o thâ—s_n be_v refuse_v torture_n likewise_o be_v adduce_v purge_v all_o former_a presumption_n which_o precede_v the_o torture_n if_o the_o person_n torturee_v deny_v what_o be_v object_v against_o he_o but_o yet_o he_o may_v be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n upon_o new_a presumption_n as_o be_v find_v after_o a_o learned_a debate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o toshoch_n who_o be_v torture_v for_o the_o allege_v burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n august_n 1632._o for_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o torture_n be_v intend_v for_o bring_v the_o verity_n to_o light_v and_o as_o he_o have_v be_v condemn_v if_o he_o have_v confess_v so_o he_o shall_v be_v assoilzy_v when_o he_o deny_v else_o no_o man_n will_v endure_v the_o torture_n if_o they_o be_v not_o persuade_v that_o upon_o denial_n they_o shall_v be_v clear_v but_o will_v confess_v and_o not_o endure_v so_o much_o torment_v unnecessar_o so_o that_o the_o inquisition_n will_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o much_o sin_n and_o make_v man_n die_v with_o a_o lie_n in_o their_o mouth_n and_o therefore_o torture_n be_v call_v probatio_fw-la ultima_fw-la vid._n clarâ—_n quest_n 64._o yet_o spot_n maxwel_n of_o garrery_n and_o other_o be_v condemn_v after_o torture_n upon_o other_o probation_n than_o be_v deduce_v before_o the_o torture_n iii_o i_o remember_v it_o be_v debate_v in_o council_n anno_fw-la 1666._o if_o the_o west-countrey-man_n who_o be_v condemn_v for_o treason_n may_v after_o sentence_n be_v torture_v for_o clear_v who_o be_v their_o complice_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o they_o can_v not_o nam_fw-la
post_fw-la condemnationem_fw-la judices_fw-la functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la yet_o all_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o even_o after_o sentence_n criminal_o may_v be_v torture_v for_o know_v who_o be_v the_o complice_n iv._o one_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o minor_n be_v that_o they_o can_v be_v subject_v to_o torture_n lest_o the_o tenderness_n both_o of_o their_o age_n and_o judgement_n make_v they_o fail_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d eclog._n the_o quest_n cap._n 9_o ad_fw-la yet_o l._n 15._o ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n judge_n be_v discharge_v only_o to_o torture_v such_o as_o be_v under_o fourteen_o person_n very_o old_a be_v not_o to_o be_v torture_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n l._n 3._o ff_n ad_fw-la s._n c._n sillan_n which_o be_v by_o some_o extend_v to_o woman_n sick_a person_n and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v eminent_a in_o any_o nation_n for_o learning_n or_o other_o art_n but_o all_o this_o be_v arbitrary_a with_o we_o v._o these_o who_o torture_n if_o the_o person_n torture_v die_v be_v punishable_a as_o murderer_n but_o though_o they_o die_v not_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n they_o be_v punish_v deportatione_fw-la in_o insulam_fw-la or_o by_o banishment_n and_o with_o we_o they_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n title_n xxviii_o of_o remission_n 1._o whether_o he_o who_o use_v a_o remission_n acknowledge_v the_o crime_n 2._o how_o remission_n be_v grant_v 3._o for_o what_o shall_v no_o remission_n be_v grant_v 4._o letter_n of_o slame_n and_o assithment_n when_o necessary_a 5._o person_n condemn_v be_v sometime_o restore_v by_o way_n of_o justice_n when_o the_o judge_n have_v pronounce_v his_o sentence_n he_o be_v functus_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o the_o punishment_n irrogat_fw-la by_o he_o can_v only_o be_v remit_v by_o the_o prince_n though_o the_o council_n may_v moderate_a or_o delay_v it_o the_o party_n condemn_v be_v restore_v either_o by_o way_n of_o grace_n or_o of_o justice_n restitution_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la gratiae_fw-la be_v with_o we_o call_v a_o remission_n i._o remission_n than_o be_v the_o pardon_n of_o the_o crime_n gracious_o allow_v by_o the_o sovereign_n and_o it_o may_v be_v give_v either_o before_o or_o after_o the_o panel_n be_v convict_v if_o it_o be_v give_v before_o conviction_n the_o panel_n by_o make_v use_n of_o it_o do_v per_fw-la fictionem_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n and_o it_o he_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o the_o remission_n be_v null_a and_o will_v not_o stop_v the_o execution_n as_o be_v find_v in_o alexander_n kennedy_n case_n and_o this_o be_v a_o receive_a maxim_n with_o we_o yet_o ex_fw-la sententia_fw-la doctorum_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la fateri_fw-la crimen_fw-la qui_fw-la gratia_fw-la utitur_fw-la alexander_n consil_n 70._o bossius_n de_fw-fr reme_v ex_fw-la clem_v num_fw-la 29._o nec_fw-la potest_fw-la judex_fw-la dicere_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la vult_fw-la ea_fw-la uti_fw-la oportet_fw-la fatearis_fw-la delictum_fw-la alius_fw-la non_fw-la uteris_fw-la yet_o bossius_n tell_v we_o that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o milan_n he_o who_o use_v a_o remission_n must_v acknowledge_v the_o crime_n ibid._n but_o our_o law_n in_o its_o foresay_a maxim_n may_v be_v reconcile_v with_o these_o doctor_n for_o even_o with_o we_o the_o take_v a_o remission_n do_v not_o prove_v the_o crime_n since_o that_o may_v be_v do_v sometime_o rather_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o security_n than_o guilt_n &_o licet_fw-la se_fw-la redimere_fw-la à _fw-la light_fw-la and_o therefore_o braid_n escheat_n as_o a_o adulterer_n be_v not_o declare_v january_n 1662._o by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n there_o be_v no_o probation_n of_o the_o adultery_n but_o the_o adulterer_n take_v a_o remission_n but_o the_o use_v a_o remission_n do_v certain_o prove_v as_o be_v former_o observe_v from_o these_o statute_n this_o remission_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o signatur_fw-la under_o his_o majesty_n hand_n and_o be_v present_v in_o exchequer_n which_o be_v equivalent_a with_o we_o to_o that_o iterinatio_fw-la mention_v by_o perez_n ad_fw-la tit_n de_fw-mi send_v passis_fw-la num_fw-la 16._o clarus_n â—_o fin_fw-fr quest_n 59_o num._n 10._o quae_fw-la est_fw-la approbatio_fw-la senatus_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o causa_fw-la cognition_n versatur_fw-la ne_fw-la impetrentur_fw-la gratiae_fw-la per_fw-la obreptionem_fw-la vel_fw-la subreptionem_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o the_o remission_n be_v grant_v upon_o a_o misrepresentation_n the_o council_n will_v upon_o a_o bill_n stop_v the_o same_o till_o his_o majestis_n further_a pleasure_n be_v know_v as_o they_o do_v in_o murray_n of_o burghtoun_n case_n and_o though_o by_o the_o 13._o act._n 10._o par._n i._n 6._o the_o writer_n of_o such_o signatory_n shall_v subscribe_v his_o name_n upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o signator_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v be_v answerable_a if_o it_o contain_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v unallowable_a yet_o the_o say_a remission_n grant_v to_o burghâ—oun_n be_v sustain_v though_o it_o have_v not_o be_v so_o subscribe_v when_o it_o past_o his_o majesty_n hand_n yet_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v in_o desuetud_n but_o rather_o because_o the_o writer_n do_v thereafter_o subscribe_v jan._n 1666._o and_o these_o remission_n be_v ordain_v to_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o design_n that_o the_o seal_n shall_v be_v a_o check_n upon_o they_o but_o if_o they_o pass_v the_o seal_n they_o can_v be_v recall_v tanquam_fw-la surreptitia_fw-la boss._n ibid._n num_fw-la 36._o for_o say_v he_o they_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v present_v in_o senatu_fw-la ne_fw-la sint_fw-la surreptitia_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la inquiratur_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o four_o i._n 4._o par._n 6._o c._n 62._o that_o the_o remission_n shall_v contain_v the_o great_a crime_n for_o which_o the_o remission_n be_v crave_v and_o if_o the_o great_a crime_n be_v not_o express_v the_o general_a clause_n remit_v all_o crime_n will_v not_o defend_v against_o a_o pursuit_n for_o any_o crime_n that_o be_v great_a than_o the_o crime_n specify_v in_o the_o remission_n suitable_a to_o which_o lawyer_n assert_v that_o qui_fw-la petit_fw-la gratiam_fw-la debet_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la delictum_fw-la exprimere_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o qualitates_fw-la ejus_fw-la aliter_fw-la uti_fw-la subreptitia_fw-la nihil_fw-la valet_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la exprimere_fw-la omne_fw-la delicta_fw-la separaâ—a_fw-la boss._n ibid._n num_fw-la 33._o iii_o remission_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v for_o slaughter_n commit_v premeditat_o or_o by_o fore-thought-fellony_n stat._n dau._n 2._o cap._n 50._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o remission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o homicide_n till_o inquisition_n be_v first_o make_v whether_o the_o slaughter_n be_v commit_v by_o fore-thought-fellony_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o commit_v the_o remission_n shall_v be_v null_a &_o hoc_fw-la concessit_fw-la rex_fw-la as_o the_o text_n say_v this_o be_v confirm_v by_o k._n ja._n 4._o p._n 6._o c._n 63._o which_o act_n be_v declare_v to_o endure_v till_o his_o majesty_n recall_v the_o same_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v repute_v a_o temporary_a act_n and_o notwithstanding_o thereof_o remission_n be_v ordinary_o pass_v for_o murder_n as_o in_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n remission_n 1668._o against_o which_o this_o be_v object_v but_o repel_v yet_o in_o flanders_n and_o other_o place_n this_o law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n no_o remission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o burn_v of_o corn_n in_o stack_n or_o barn_n act._n 18._o p._n 7._o i._o 5._o which_o act_n be_v not_o temporary_a and_o yet_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a remission_n all_o remission_n shall_v be_v compon_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o thesaurer_n regâ—strat_n in_o his_o book_n i._n 6._o p._n 13._o c._n 169._o albeâ—t_v his_o majesty_n may_v remit_v what_o injury_n be_v comit_v against_o he_o yet_o he_o can_v prejudge_v thereby_o the_o interest_n of_o three_o party_n this_o satisfaction_n be_v by_o the_o civilian_n call_v reparatio_fw-la damnorum_fw-la by_o we_o a_o assithment_n and_o the_o obtainer_n of_o the_o remission_n must_v find_v caution_n to_o refound_v the_o party_n injure_v of_o all_o his_o damnage_n and_o interest_n within_o forty_o day_n after_o he_o produce_v his_o remission_n else_o his_o remission_n be_v null_a act_n 75._o p._n 14._o i._o 2._o act._n 136._o p._n 8._o i._o 6._o &_o act._n 154._o p._n 12._o i._o 6._o but_o these_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a but_o by_o the_o act_n 174._o p._n 13._o i._o 6._o remission_n grant_v to_o any_o person_n pass_v to_o the_o horn_n for_o theft_n rief_n slaughter_n burn_v or_o heirship_n be_v declare_v null_n if_o the_o party_n laese_v be_v not_o first_o satisfy_v and_o albeit_o it_o will_v seem_v by_o this_o act_n that_o assithment_n subsequent_a to_o the_o remission_n be_v not_o sufficient_a yet_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o act_n be_v that_o the_o remission_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o avail_n till_o the_o party_n laese_v be_v satisfy_v notwithstanding_o of_o these_o act_n it_o be_v de_fw-fr practica_fw-la very_o
discover_v their_o complice_n and_o to_o confess_v the_o crime_n which_o other_o have_v deny_v in_o a_o rage_n or_o confusion_n occasion_v by_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o respite_n with_o we_o a_o sentence_n may_v be_v present_o put_v to_o execution_n and_o the_o judge_n be_v confine_v by_o nothing_o but_o by_o his_o own_o discretion_n yet_o where_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v inflict_v either_o the_o panel_n be_v return_v to_o prison_n till_o he_o pay_v his_o fine_a or_o the_o act_n of_o adjournal_n bear_v ordinary_o that_o payment_n shall_v be_v make_v within_o six_o day_n and_o though_o baron_n can_v poynd_v in_o civil_a case_n upon_o less_o than_o fifteen_o day_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o they_o may_v present_o poynd_v sine_fw-la ullisindiciis_fw-la legalibus_fw-la upon_o criminal_a sentence_n vii_o sentence_n be_v execute_v of_o old_a among_o the_o roman_n either_o by_o the_o common_a executioner_n or_o by_o soldier_n l._n 7._o c._n the_o cohort_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v clear_o to_o be_v see_v in_o our_o saviour_n passion_n and_o these_o soldier_n be_v call_v optiones_fw-la &_o speculatores_fw-la l._n 6._o ff_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr damnat_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o rather_o think_v that_o the_o soldier_n be_v only_a guard_n and_o never_o executioner_n and_o be_v call_v speculatores_fw-la because_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o oversee_v the_o execution_n and_o to_o restrain_v tumult_n especial_o see_v common_a executioner_n be_v so_o infamous_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v advance_v ever_o thereafter_o to_o any_o sacred_a order_n c._n clericum_fw-la distinct_a 50._o and_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v the_o executioner_n of_o st._n johnstoun_n repel_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n from_o be_v a_o witness_n that_o the_o justice_n may_v force_v any_o of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o a_o town_n to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o executioner_n if_o they_o want_v one_o be_v i_o think_v without_o all_o warrant_n see_v officium_fw-la nemini_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la damnosum_fw-la and_o no_o man_n will_v be_v a_o magistrate_n if_o that_o be_v allow_v but_o i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n may_v be_v fine_v for_o negligence_n if_o they_o omit_v to_o appoint_v one_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n can_v force_v any_o mean_a person_n who_o lead_v a_o honest_a life_n to_o be_v a_o executioner_n albeit_o clar._n §_o fin._n quest_n 99_o num_fw-la 4._o and_o gomes_n lib._n 3._o cap._n ult_n num_fw-la 5._o do_v assert_v that_o the_o judge_n may_v force_v any_o ex_fw-la infima_fw-la plebe_fw-la to_o officiat_fw-la in_o that_o employment_n and_o yet_o their_o opinion_n agree_v with_o our_o custom_n the_o executioner_n have_v right_a to_o the_o clothes_n pannicularia_fw-la of_o the_o person_n execute_v by_o our_o custom_n and_o per._n l._n d._n hadrianus_n ff_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr dam._n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o body_n of_o the_o person_n execute_v can_v not_o of_o old_a be_v bury_v without_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o prince_n ff_n de_fw-mi cadav_fw-mi punitor_n which_o be_v antiquate_v per._n l._n obnoxius_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr relig_n &_o sumpt_n fun_n and_o by_o our_o custom_n wherein_o the_o person_n execute_v may_v be_v bury_v in_o all_o case_n though_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o person_n condemn_v for_o treason_n can_v assist_v on_o the_o scaffold_n or_o wear_v mourning_n by_o our_o custom_n except_o the_o council_n give_v express_v consent_n viii_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v absent_a then_o upon_o a_o act_n of_o adjournal_n he_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v rebel_n or_o outlaw_v as_o the_o english_a and_o our_o old_a statute_n call_v it_o and_o though_o if_o the_o punishment_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o fine_a be_v for_o his_o majesty_n use_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n can_v only_o write_v the_o letter_n yet_o if_o the_o fine_a be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o any_o private_a person_n any_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n may_v write_v the_o letter_n and_o though_o the_o 126._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o appoint_v that_o all_o criminal_a letter_n shall_v not_o be_v registrat_n as_o other_o letter_n but_o return_v to_o the_o adjournal_n yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la such_o horning_n be_v sometime_o registrat_n in_o the_o ordinary_a register_n of_o horning_n likea_n albeit_o the_o escheat_n of_o he_o who_o be_v denunce_v can_v fall_v upon_o a_o denounciation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n though_o caption_n may_v be_v raise_v upon_o such_o a_o execution_n yet_o criminal_a letter_n may_v be_v execute_v at_o edinburgh_n or_o any_o mercat_n cross_n where_o the_o justice_n court_n do_v sit_v in_o which_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v act_n 140._o parl._n 8._o k._n ja._n 6._o upon_o production_n of_o the_o regâ—strat_n hoâ—ning_n letter_n of_o intercommune_v be_v grant_v upon_o a_o common_a bill_n pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n by_o which_o all_o the_o liege_n be_v discharge_v to_o intercommune_v with_o the_o rebel_n which_o must_v be_v execute_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o respective_a shire_n and_o registrat_n there_o or_o in_o the_o general_a register_n upon_o the_o denunciation_n immediate_o the_o single_a escheat_n fall_v and_o after_o remain_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o year_n and_o day_n the_o life-rent_a escheat_n fall_v which_o custom_n we_o have_v borrow_v from_o saxony_n with_o most_o of_o our_o other_o form_n for_o with_o they_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la fugitivus_fw-la in_o primum_fw-la sive_fw-la simplex_fw-la bannum_fw-la sit_fw-la declaratus_fw-la nec_fw-la intra_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la se_fw-la purgaverit_fw-la sed_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la prorogare_fw-la passus_fw-la sit_fw-la in_fw-la bannum_fw-la superuis_fw-la incidit_fw-la vid._n carpz_n pract_n crim_n part_n 3._o quest_n 140._o num_fw-la 80._o from_o who_o also_o we_o have_v our_o stile_n of_o declare_v escheat_n upon_o the_o registrat_n horning_n caption_n be_v raise_v and_o if_o the_o messenger_n be_v deforce_v in_o the_o execution_n thereof_o then_o the_o council_n grant_v commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n which_o be_v but_o a_o caption_n for_o inbr_v the_o malefactor_n who_o resist_v the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n may_v be_v grant_v though_o the_o malefactor_n have_v not_o deforce_v if_o it_o be_v not_o our_o that_o the_o malefactor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reduce_v in_o the_o ordinar_n way_n for_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o expose_v his_o majesty_n law_n to_o contempt_n and_o his_o officer_n to_o certain_a hazard_n as_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o person_n be_v denounce_v fugitive_n for_o deforce_v messenger_n or_o have_v convocat_n loose_a man_n and_o life_n in_o open_a rapine_n it_o be_v against_o sense_n that_o a_o new_a deforcement_n be_v necessary_a but_o their_o commission_n be_v never_o grant_v but_o in_o criminal_a case_n and_o yet_o i_o remember_v that_o one_o be_v grant_v to_o mackintosh_n against_o lochiel_n after_o that_o mackintosh_n have_v obtain_v decreet_n of_o remove_a and_o have_v raise_v letter_n of_o ejection_n but_o the_o sheriff_n have_v declare_v that_o he_o dare_v not_o eject_v for_o the_o council_n think_v ti_fw-mi not_o just_a to_o expose_v the_o sheriff_n to_o certain_a hazard_n and_o yet_o the_o ordinar_n course_n be_v that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v offer_v to_o eject_v and_o if_o he_o be_v deforce_v than_o the_o case_n become_v criminal_a and_o some_o think_v that_o the_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o that_o case_n without_o a_o sentence_n ensue_v on_o it_o and_o that_o the_o deforcer_n be_v registrat_n at_o the_o horn_n thereupon_o but_o other_o think_v that_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n letter_n of_o second_o caption_n be_v grant_v where_o the_o first_o caption_n can_v take_v effect_n so_o in_o case_n of_o extraordinar_a opposition_n to_o authority_n letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v grant_v upon_o a_o mere_a execution_n that_o the_o ordinar_n course_n of_o law_n can_v take_v effect_n ix_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o judge_n ought_v to_o do_v if_o after_o sentence_n the_o innocence_n of_o the_o person_n condemn_v shall_v be_v convince_o clear_v in_o which_o case_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n can_v rescind_v his_o own_o sentence_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 56._o basil._n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la but_o he_o ought_v to_o acquaint_v the_o council_n and_o they_o may_v intercede_v for_o his_o remission_n l._n 27._o de_fw-la paen_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n the_o council_n may_v prorogat_v also_o the_o diet_n appoint_v for_o execution_n but_o i_o think_v the_o justice_n and_o much_o less_o inferior_a judge_n can_v prorogat_n diet_n appoint_v for_o execution_n even_o by_o themselves_o since_o they_o be_v functi_fw-la by_o the_o pronounce_v of_o the_o doom_n though_o some_o ignorant_a judge_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la prorogat_fw-la execution_n and_o as_o they_o can_v even_o before_o sentence_n remit_v so_o neither_o can_v they_o prorogat_v for_o any_o long_a time_n for_o else_o prorogation_n may_v be_v lengthen_v so_o as_o to_o become_v remission_n upon_o the_o the_o matter_n the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o doubt_n viz._n whether_o a_o person_n once_o absolve_v may_v be_v thereafter_o pursue_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n be_v more_o intricat_a but_o may_v be_v somewhat_o clear_v by_o these_o position_n 1._o the_o same_o party_n can_v upon_o new_a probation_n much_o less_o upon_o the_o old_a probation_n accuse_v a_o person_n once_o assoilzy_v by_o a_o assize_n though_o he_o may_v accuse_v the_o assize_n who_o assoilzy_v he_o of_o wilful_a error_n and_o that_o even_o though_o he_o shall_v thereafter_o willing_o confess_v the_o crime_n for_o which_o he_o be_v former_o accuse_v though_o farin_n quest_n 4._o num_fw-la 43._o think_v that_o he_o may_v be_v again_o pursue_v and_o i_o shall_v think_v that_o confession_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o madness_n to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o criminal_a sentence_n 2._o though_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v yet_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n can_v again_o pursue_v upon_o the_o pretence_n of_o res_fw-la inter_fw-la alius_fw-la acta_fw-la for_o that_o be_v to_o keep_v people_n in_o a_o constant_a suspense_n 3._o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v collude_v with_o the_o defender_n so_o that_o the_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v by_o a_o white_a assize_n in_o abstract_v the_o necessary_a probation_n i_o think_v in_o that_o case_n his_o own_o fraud_n shall_v not_o secure_v he_o reg._n maj._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 28._o si_fw-la per_fw-la calumniam_fw-la procedat_fw-la vid._n cap._n 2._o de_fw-la collus_fw-la de_fw-fr teg_n but_o though_o the_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v by_o collusion_n betwixt_o the_o defender_n friend_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o i_o think_v the_o defender_n can_v again_o be_v reconveen_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n since_o he_o be_v innocent_a though_o the_o collusion_n be_v advantageous_a to_o he_o x._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o offender_n all_o punishment_n cease_v except_o in_o treason_n &_o crimine_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la or_o missimployment_n of_o public_a money_n in_o caeteris_fw-la vero_fw-la criminibus_fw-la ita_fw-la demum_fw-la pro_fw-la delictis_fw-la paena_fw-la ab_fw-la haerede_fw-la incipere_fw-la potest_fw-la si_fw-la vivo_fw-la reo_fw-la accusatio_fw-la mota_fw-la est_fw-la l._n ex_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr accus_fw-la so_o that_o by_o that_o law_n if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a against_o the_o father_n it_o may_v have_v continue_v against_o the_o son_n to_o infer_v a_o pecunial_a mulct_n but_o this_o last_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o among_o who_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v lead_v in_o absence_n except_o in_o treason_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n may_v be_v sustain_v for_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o expense_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n even_o against_o the_o malefactor_n heir_n as_o be_v also_o decide_v by_o the_o senate_n of_o savoy_n cod._n fab._n tit_n de_fw-fr accusat_fw-la def_n 15._o finis_fw-la