equall Iustice vnto all which hee knew to be her Maiesties minde And quoth he this sword laying his hand vpon the sword of State shall punish ill doers without partiality and protect the good subiect from violence and iniury but because words and deedes doe now a dayes vse to dwell farre assunder I leaue you that heare me now hereafter to iudge mee and my words by my deedes This short speech being pronounced in such a manner as his naturall Maiestie of personage spirit and countenance did vsually afford receiued no lesse applause from the standers by then it gaue them hope it would proue a debt wherein the payment would iustly follow the promise The ceremony being ended with the accustomed rites thereunto belonging The next day hee communicated in Councell his commission and instructions which for the better satisfaction of such as mistake the graunt of that gouernment both in limit of authority and terme of Residencie I haue thought meete to declare that his Pattent was as all other Deputies not with limitation The amplitude of the Deputies Cōmission of yeares or time of gouernment but during pleasure containing power to make warre and peace To leauy Armes and Forces for that purpose To punish and pardon offenders To conferre all Offices and collate all Spirituall promotions and dignities a fewe of them excepted concluded with the greatest Latitude of authority which can bee giuen a Subiect which is to doe all things in cases of Iustice and gouernment as the Prince might doe being present The reseruation of making Priuie Counsailers great Officers Bishops and such like alwayes giuen heere by the Prince himselfe with diuers other things too long to be here recited In his priuate instructions besides matters of profit as sparing her Maiesties purse and easing her charge setling of differences amongst the subiects and planting indifferencie betweene the superiour and inferiour taking away thereby dependencie The erecting of the Vniuersity in Dublin giuē in charge to the Deputy the bane of that Kingdome There was precisely giuen him in charge the erection of an Vniuersity in Dublin for the aduancement of learning neuer till that time set on foote and that by this Deputies vrging though long time before proiected and in King Edward the sixt time intended So soone as the mists of Ignorance the mother of Popish deuotion was by the shining reformation of Religion dispierced and most especially requisite in that Kingdome as a chiefe spring and fountaine of ciuility His authority thus shewed He fell with them in Councell touching the affaires of that Kingdome both as it was giuen him in charge and as they were presented to the viewe of his owne experient iudgement wherein he spent eighteene dayes after which consultation hee fell to shewe the fruites of Councell in setting downe acts and decrees Amnestia or the act of Obliuion for the good of her Maiesties seruice and Kingdome amongst which was Amnestia or the act of Obliuion according to the institution of the ancient and excellent Law-giuers the Lacedemonians being in the nature of a generall pardon for offences past which was both a mercifull and a politique prouision to keepe Transgressours from despaire the ready mean to enduce them to the encrease of mischiefe but being reduced to obedience by this act of clemencie and so setled in security It was most probable and likely that they who had lately felt the smart of raging and wantfull warre would now kisse peace and embrace it with a firmer constancy At the same time he sent into England the sonne of the late Earle of Desmond being but young and yet held dangerous hee should be bred in that Kingdome where practise might worke his escape and little meanes was to yeeld him a meete breeding with request for his carefull education here that Religion and ciuility might after leade him to the performance of those duties wherein through barbarisme his Predecessours had erred and trangressed Then like a good Gouernour that would abandon ease the mother of errour and corruption The Lord Deputies Progresse into Connaught Mounster he left Dublin the seate of State to settle the remote parts and Prouinces of Mounster and Connaught vnder their Gouernours newly sent ouer General Norrys Lord President of Mounster and Captaine Richard Bingham chiefe Commissioner of Connaught in whose choise this Lord Deputy as I haue heard had a great hand iudging them meete men both for the managing of warre and conseruation of peace So much did their valour iudgement and experience promise for them who had at that time gained the reputation of the two most able Captaines of our Nation wherein his wisedome or fortune did appeare the greater when by such meanes his directions should not onely be skilfully performed but himselfe cased of that care and feare a Chiefe is subiect to when his substitutes be weake especially such principall Gouernours as haue power to answere suddaine occasions vpon their owne discretions but how sufficient so euer they were as his authority was to gouerne them so he thought it his part to guide them by the example of his owne worke purposing in those Prouinces to heare complaints to redresse abuses to decide controuersies and to appease dissentions and quarrels betweene Lords of Countries and men of Ability and speciall quality whose discords and controuersies had vsually drawne them into vnwarrantable actions and many times enforced the Prince both to the hazard and losse of the good Subiects and to the expence of Treasure to bring an Army to appease their quarrels as in the contention betweene Desmond and Ormonde had lately falne out and that which is most dangerous in that Kingdome It hath alwayes beene found that Rebellion hath beene the Successour of priuate quarrels Mischiefe like ambition clyming to the highest places For these ends and purposes the Deputy tooke his iourney from Dublin the thirteenth day of Iuly attended on by diuers persons of account in that State and came to Molingarre the 16. of the same moneth where to preuent discouery of such intelligence as should passe betweene him and the Councell at Dublin by the interception of his or their Letters Hee deuised and sent thence to the Lord Chancellour and Sir Henry Wallop the Treasurer the late Iustices and now by him authorised for the dispatch of the affaires of the State in his absence The Deputies Alphabeticall deuice of secrecie certaine ciphers and figures framed after an Alphabet importing the names of some of the chiefe persons and places in England and Ireland which deuise for secrecie was most necessarie in that Kingdome where the people are very inquisitiue and in the succeeding Warre were apt to giue discouery to the Rebell as well for Religions sake as to gaine fauour vpon his Incursions The want of this course had like to haue opened to the Rebell the last and greatest intention of the Lord Burgh against them by the interception of his last Letter to the
met him in Connaught with Mac Morris Oswilliuan More the Knight of Kerry and certaine Septs of the Galloglasses who accompanied him to Limbrick where there came vnto him all the principall persons of that Prouince sauing the chiefe of the County of Corke as the Lords Barry and Roche Sir Owen-Mac-Carthie and others who did accompany their Sheriffe Sir William Stanley prouided to entertaine him and present themselues vpon the Confines of their owne County but were preuented by the Northerne newes already mentioned the Deputy hauing changed his purpose of visiting those parts Malachias Amalone a Fryar conuerted In this passage thorow Connaught Malachias Amalone brother to Mac William Eughter who had long beene a Fryar was brought vnto him and by him with priuate consultation and dispute made to vnderstand his errours Hee publiquely and before a great Assembly did renounce the Pope and Romish Religion gaue ouer his order and habit and made his Recantation by professing himselfe a Protestant and conformable to the Religion established in her Maiesties Dominions With these courses of Prouidence Iustice ending of Controuersies and taking security for the preseruation of future Peace the people generally seemed to be well pleased and satisfied but in nothing more then with the correction of the Sheriffes corruptions and limiting them to a small number of followers who had formerly vsed with Multitudes to trauaile and Cesse vnder colour of Seruice to the grieuous oppression of the Country so as mixing the peoples case from exaction with their reformation they gladly yeelded to the hardest conditions that colde bee desired to keepe them in obedience and due subiection These parts being left to the care of the Iustices and other selected Commissioners The Deputy retired with as much celerity as hee could towards Dublin and in his way as hee passed through Leix hee tooke Pledges of Fiaugh Order taken with the heads of Lemster for the certainty of their obedience Mac Hugh the Fierbrand of the Mountaines betweene Dublin and Wexford which were his Sonne and Vncle and for the rest of his Sept the Obyms and O-Tooles Sir Henry Harrington the Captaine and Commaunder of that Country was appointed to receiue the liâ—e The two brethren of the Oconnors who vsed to be followed with great troupes of Sauaging and idle people doing and threatning mischiefe to the Queene and Kings Counties and the parts adioyning submitted themselues there to the Deputy and were by him reduced to a more orderly course by putting away their idle men and bringing their Sept and followers into a smaller proportion according to their quality After the death of Iames More alias Meigh the Mores who challenge dominion in Lâ—ix were deuide into two or three Septs them the Deputy caused to render Pledges for their Loyalties as the Oconnors had done The Canaâ—aghs not being ready with their Pledges who are the bordering busie men of the Counties of Wexford Catherlogh and Kildare were respited to performe the same to Sir Henry Wallop Sir Nicholas Walsh and other Commissioners appointed for the suruaying the Forts of Mary Burgh and Philips Towne The Forts of Mary-Burgh and Philips Towne built by the Earle of Sussex Philips Towne and the Kings County was assigned to the commaund of Sir George Bourgier and Mary Burgh with the Queenes County to Captaine Warham St. Leger which Forts were built and Counties so named in Queene Maries time by the Earle of Sussex then Lieutenant of Ireland before begun by Edward Bollingham being otherwise called Leix and Ophaly these being the first Counties that The King and Queens Counties diuided by the Earle of Sussex had beene in this Kingdome since King Iohns Reigne at what time the twelue first Shires were established which enlarging of the English Plantation was a Seruice of very great moment those two Irish Septs of Mores and Oconnors possessing these two Countries being the most powerfull Rebels of Lemster at that time and by this good Earle and his Predecessour happily brought vnder The Orealies as wel Sir Iohn as Philip being then in controuersie were thence suÌ„moned by the Lord Deputy to repaire to him at Dublin which shortly after they performed and submitted their cause to his order who appeased their controuersie by setling an indifferent course betweene them to both their lykings Hauing secured all the Westerne parts in the manner as is declared which was certified vnto England by those of the Priuie Councell that attended him in this iourney he repaired to Dublin vpon the 9. day of August hauing bin absent a moneth wanting two daies where he remained sixteene dayes to make prouision of conuenient power and meanes for his Northerne iourney for to resist the Inuasion of the Scottish Ilanders whereof his intelligence did dayly encrease and to suppresse the rebellious purpose of the Vlster Confederates making the greater hast to keepe them from vniting His force which hee could on such a suddaine make was the Earle of Ormond and his Rising out The Earle of Thomond and his The Army for the North. From Mounster the Lord Barrys his Rising out sent by his brother The Lord Roche and Fitz Gibon called the white Knight with theirs The rising out of the County of Kildare The Lord of Trimelstowne with the rising out of Meathe The Vice-Count Gormâ—nstowne and the Lord of Heathe with other rising out of the English Pale being such of the olde English discent as were tyed by their tenures and custome of Seruice to leauy certaine Horse and Foote called Risings out to attend the Deputy or chiefe Gouernour for a time without the Princes charge in all Seruices of importance when hee went himselfe in person To these were added ten English Companies of Foote of one hundred in each Company vnder the Command 1 Sir Henry Wallops Company commanded by his Lieutenant 2 Captaine Rees ap Hugh the Prouost Marshall 3 Captaine Thomas Lea. 4 Captaine Bethell 5 Captaine Randal Brewerton 6 Captaine Merryman 7 Captaine Mince 8 Captaine Parker 9 Captaine Collum 10 Captaine Bangor These Companies Risings out and some halfe Companies of Kerne brought by particular Irish Lords being ready The Deputy accompanied with the afore-named Lords Generall Norreys Lord President of Moâ—nster Sir Nicholas Bagnall then Marshall of Ireland Captaine Iaques Wingfield then Master of the Ordnance Sir George Bourchier Sir William Stanley Mr. Thomas Norreys Sir Henry Harrington all Gouernours Commanders and most of them ancient Captaines well experienced with him likewise went Sir Robert Dillon chief Iustice of the Common Pleas Sir Lucas Dillon chiefe Baron of the Exchequer Sir Nicholas White Master of the Rolls Master Ieffrey Fenton Secretary of the State Master Henry Bagnall Sir Edward Denny Sir Iohn Tyrrell of Farrtallaugh Master Dudleigh Bagnall Sir Henry Cooley Sir Thomas More Sir Anthony Brabauson Warham Saint Leger Henry Warren and William Warren his brother set-forwards from Dublin the fiue and twenty day of August and came to the Newry the 29. thereof where
complaints were moued by Macquire against Mac Mahone and the Earle of Tyrone for trespasses and supposed wrongs to be offered Sir Oconnor Macquire being behinde-hand for his Composition and charged with doing some things amisse was sent to by the Deputy and required to performe what was meete for him to doe or else to repaire vnto his prefence to answere these contempts which message was sent vnto him by Sir Henry Duke who appoints him a place of meeting Macquire writeth vnto the Lord Deputy and excuseth his comming to Sir Henry according to his appointment being hindered by sicknesse and the infirmity of the Gowte complayneth on the Earle of Tyrone and Mac Mahone desiring him not to beleeue complaints against him and offereth to double the pledges hee had put in if any doubt were had of his good disposition to the State Mac Mahone likewise exhibites his agreeuance against Tyrone for Ceasing in his Countrey and compelling him to maintaine Horsemen for him as if hee had beene tributary to the Earle which cause the Lord Deputy heard and determined freeing Mac Mahone from any such duty as the Earle demanded The rest being but complaints of which the Kingdome is neuer free and no practises to draw dangerous consequence to the State yet discouered were onely appeased by admonition Contention betweene Orurk and Sir Richard Bingham Besides these Sir Bryan Orurke the Lord of Letrim and Sir Richard Bingham the Gouernour of Connaught grewe into dislike one with the other the one being strickt in his Gouernement the other not willing to bee seuerely commaunded Sir Bryan wrote vnto the Deputy that hee had wrongs and indignities done him being often summoned by Sir Richard to goe before George Bingham his brother and Captaine Thomas woodhouse to answer as well complaints as to take directions which hee held to be a disparagement to him and to auoyde that inconueniencie was forced to forsake his Iland the place of his dwelling and to wander vpon the hills which he would not doe but for the care of performing his promise to be obedient vnto his Prince otherwise he said he would deale well enough with those men and meete Sir Richard and his brethren with the same measure they measured him therefore in as much as hee meant to doe nothing against her Maiestie he desireth they might be kept from him for he would not goe to them but in the Deputies presence whose Commandements hee would in all things else performe and craueth of him that peace might be kept with him in the Prouince of Connaught as he doth with them to which the Deputy returned answere requiring him to yeeld conformity in all things reasonable to the Queenes Officers and if any wrongs were offered him not to right himselfe by resistance or reuenge but to make The Deputy admonisheth both it knowne and he should receiue redresse He likewise wrote vnto the Gouernour aduising him to vse a gentle hand in the dealing with Orurke and people of his quality men of such fierce dispositions and natures being with roughnesse handled would easily be excited to the breach of obedience which might proue a charge to the State and a disquiet to the Country This admonition Sir Richard tooke somewhat vnkindly as a mistike of his Gouernement and resteaint of his proceedings against Orurke and did not stick to tell the Deputy afterward at the Councell Table that his Lordship gaue countenance to Orurke vnto the diminution of his Authority in that Prouince So difficult it was for the Deputy to appease or reconcile a difference betweene so stout a Commaunder and so factious and rebellious a spirit being powerfull The Gouernour being perswaded out of his iudgement that it was now time to prosecute Orurke while the Bourkes were yet weary of their late strugling so as standing without partakers hee would the more surely fall or at least bee brought with more facility to the path of obedience being the onely man now to be doubted in that Prouince hauing in his possession the strongest and fastest Country there And it is not vnlikely but the Deputy would haue ioyned with him therein if he had not had priuate reasons to the contrary arising from the present question of his actions in England and his desire and sute to be reuoked thence which were things onely knowne to himselfe These distempers now yet but flashes which were kindled by discontent were quenched by care and prouidence and had they not beene well met within time would haue growne to greater flames of commotion and did afterwards arise againe for want of like circumspection in the succeeding Gouernment which argued both the wisedome of the Gouernour who would haue taken the time to take away the cause and the preuailing power in the Deputy euen in the worst Subiects hearts to make them conformable against their natures While the Deputy was busie to preuent perils which might growe by heart burnings within his Gouernement Some of his Aduersaries were as deepely trauailed to procure A rumour of the Deputies remoue his disquiet and disgrace Amongst other inuentions Reports were raised that hee should presently be reuoked and another sent in his place being a thing not as yet thought on in England whereof so soone as hee had notice though he esteemed them but as rumours yet lice tooke occasion to renue his suite vnto the Queene for his remouing And besought her if such were her pleasure which hee humbly desired and shewed reasons for such his desire that yet her Highnesse would suppresse the opinion and publishing thereof vntill his successour should be ready to come ouer because he knew by experience that the wauering and worst sort of people in that Kingdome were apt to take aduantage vpon the alteration of the chiefe Gouernour especially in the Interim of his Gouernement if they had notice before hand to stirre vp troubles in the State The Gentlemen of the English Pale stirre vp the Lords to write to the Queene for the stay of Sir Iohn Perrot in that gouernement The Gentlemen of the English Pale in loue with his Iustice and vpright Gouernement were much troubled at this newes of whom diuers of the better sort of Plunbetts Flemmings Barnewells Bellews Cusacks Delahides Taafs Nangles and others of good account to the number of 67 wrote a ioynt Letter to the Noble men their neighbours of the notice they had taken of the remouing the present Lord Deputy from that Gouernement whom they therein testified to haue gouerned with Iustice care and prouidence for the good of that Kingdome whereby they had enioyed much peace and prosperity for the truth wherof they appealed vnto them whom they besought as they tendered the welfare of their Countrey to bee a meanes vnto the Queenes Maiesty for the retayning and continuing him in that Gouernement to perfect what hee had begun and was likely to bring vnto a good end if he remained amongst them The Lords of the English Pale vpon
wood which groweth along the Riuer that commeth close by that town the felling whereof will be seruiceable not onely for this worke but also for the quietnesse of the countrey there abouts Some scruple may bee made here by the late experience of this Realme what inconueniences may grow by imbasing the coyne It cannot be denied but it was somewhat inconuenient for this Realme liuing vnder ciuill and orderly gouernment yet the necessitie of the weighty seruice then being supplied by it wee see all the inconueniences well ouercome through your Maiesties peaceable gouernment God be thanked for it But the example of this Realme or of any other common-wealth already reformed doth not hold in this case For as imbasing of coyne and such like dangerous innouocations may breed harme in well gouerned States So in Ireland being all out of order it can doe no harme at all but rather it is to be hoped that the admission of this one small inconuenience may be a meane to redresse not onely a number of other greater inconueniences but also it selfe too withall in the end Let it be confessed that the prices of things will by that meanes within a yeare or two vpon discouery of the basenesse rise to double and that both Souldier and Country man shal for the time loose accordingly If the reformation doe immediatly recompence the losse treble then may I aske what harme hath either Souldier or Country man receiued That it will so may appeare thus Scarce the fourth foote of Ireland is at this houre manured and of that scarce the fourth penny profit made that the soyle would yeeld if through a reformation the Husbandman might haue a safe and peaceable vse both of it and of his Cattell And yet I say nothing of Mynes and a number of other hidden Commodities that a ciuill reformed Gouernement would bring with it Now it may please your Maiesty that I may reckon and reason thus First coyning in foure yeares 400000 pound your Maiesties turne is serued for 100000 pound Then calling it downe at sixe yeares end to the iust value it is worth whereby it will be for euer after a very necessary Coyne to bee currant for the reliefe of your poore Subiects not onely of Ireland but also of England the Country shall lose 300000 pound That this shall be treble recompenced by the reformation I suppose will thus bee prooued Allow for example that the whole profit of Ireland is not yearely aboue 100000 pound Adde to this a treble profit in quantity of ground to be manured and another treble in quality of manuring for two yeares betwixt the end of the Coynage and the fall allowing the first foure yeares to be fruitlesly spent in reforming though there bee hope that that time will be shortned I thinke the reckoning of a treble recompence falleth out apparantly In these matters of State there can be nothing set downe so plaine that will not admit a contradiction And therefore perhaps it may be said This is a good and easie speculation But I trust God giuing good encrease it will proue as good and as easie an action To God therefore and to your Maiesties gracious consideration I thus leaue it Victualls and Munition are now to be prouided for And sure there must be speciall regard had of both Experience of the misery and defect in Sernice I found that way maketh me to giue this speciall caution leauing all particular direction thereof to those that haue better skill therein then I haue Neuerthelesse the chiefe Victualer being chosen a man of good substance skill and conscience he had neede in mine opinion be imprested 10000 pound currant money of England vpon good sureties not onely to answere the Stock but also to haue Grainers of Corne in places apt for the Seruice These things thus prouided In mine opinion the standing seate for the Deputy and the Law would bee translated from Dublin which is apt for nothing else but to send and receiue readily from England to Atblon which is as it were the Centre of Ireland and scituate both in a good soyle apt for all things necessary and on the Shennon which is the best Riuer of the Realme and would with a small charge be made portable twenty miles aboue Athlon at least By that meanes as the Deputy may vpon euery occasion be it neuer so suddaine be within twelue houres in the farthest Prouince frō him So in short time the repaire hither from all quarters of the Realme would breede a thorow-fare euen through Desarts and Woods that are now lurking holes for Rebels and Nourceries for Rebellion The Deputy thus furnished and seated he had neede for his better assistance to haue two Presidents with competent Officers to those States and those such men for Religion conscience courage diligence and ability both of bodies and purses as respecting their duties to God and your Maiesty the good of their Country and their owne credites may attend their charges constantly against all toylesome dangers corrupt gaine shewing themselues in all their actions reformers not deformers Their standing seates will be most apt the one for Mounster at Killmallock the other for Vlster at Liffuer So as occasion shall require may they best answere the Deputy and the Deputy then being as it were in the middest betwixt them of equall distance from them both Then there is needfull to be two Marshalls who being aptly chosen for the purpose should at the direction of the Deputy and Presidents goe to one exployt while they be eyther at some other or else otherwise necessarily ministring Iustice Thus the Deputy answering and they assisting one another both the labour will be the easier and the Enemie the more doubtfull being set to fiue seuerall wayes As before of the Deputy so here of these Officers I thinke it requisite that their Seruice haue some limitation of time and that the Presidents fiue yeares vnlesse sicknes or other necessity occasion the contrary And for the Marshalls it were not amisse they were made Patentees to continue during life vnlesse through misbehauiour they should deserue to be displaced or through good desert to be better aduanced In choise of the Lord Chauncellour and all other Officers there would be like regard had that through needinesse they bee not carried from Iustice which next vnder God must bee the chiefest reformer The like is to be said of the Clarke of the Check that he be a carefull man to see the bands full Also the Captaines their Officers and Souldiers that they make neither a Haruest of the Seruice nor a spoyle of the Subiects but rather together with seeking to suppresse the Rebellion without malice to any mans person to sowe the seede of good example whereby both themselues and those that their Seruice shall be meane to reforme may reape of God and your Maiesty an honest godly Haruest to the iust reward of their Seruices both for bodies and soules There are diuersities of
opinions what seruice were fit to bee first attempted and where Some in Vlster against the Scots Some in Connaught against the Burks Some in Mounster against Desmond and some in Leynster against Baltinglass and each haue their reason It were not good to neglect any of them but presently at least to front euery of them The choyse therefore where to begin would be left at large at the Deputies discretion to doe therin as he seeth cause Neuerthelesse aboue all the rest that in Leynster which aptly may bee called an intestin mischiefe would be in mine opinion first dealt withall as well for the indignity of the matter as also for the suppression of the Birnes Tooles and Cauenaghes which as now to Baltinglass haue and euer will be ready Rebellion to the Omoores Oconers and all others For vntill they be eyther extirped or throughly brought vnder by fortifications vpon their fastnesses Dublin Kildare Westmeth the Kings Queenes Counties cannot be cleare either of theirs the Omoores and Oconors incursions spoyles or of doubt of the Magoghigans Omoloyes other stirring Irish borderers But they being suppressed the Omoores Oconors lose all their chiefe strength and refuge and the residue with either the Sword or the Law will be easily enough kept vnder So as then the Pale may without feare or danger attend your Maiesties other Seruice with their best ayde That being happily as it willw i th Gods fauour be soone at chieued then is your Deputy to proceede against the rest and still as hee goeth to make great paces throughout all their Woods and fatnesses and small fortifications vpon euery their streight and strength after the example of your Maiesties most Noble Progenitors in subduing of Wales And whilst this is in doing your Maiestie had neede to haue not onely part of your Nauy to lye on the Coast to answere forraign attempts if there be cause and to keep the Rebels from starting ouer Sea But also small Vessels to lye vpon the Scots to impeach their Inuasions The Rebellion being repressed and your Maiesty hauing shewed mercy to those that you shall see cause to bestowe it well vpon then must the fruits of peaceable Gouernement be made to appeare To that end it shall be requisite to call a Parliament and by Authority thereof not onely to reuiue all former olde Statutes that shall be consonant to a reformed Gouernment but also to Enact new for the establishing of the Articles ensuing and such other as vpon aduice shall be thought meete 1. First for as much as the only way for true obedience to the Prince groweth by true knowledge of God it shal be requisite that two Vniuersities where the same may bee truly taught be erected with as conuenient speede as may be The fittest places for them will be at Lymbrick for the south part and Arnagh for the North The meanes to doe it may bee partly by some of the Lands that shall excheat to your Maiesty by this Rebellion and partly by imposition of workes labours carriages and money as Fines vpon those that shall bee thought fit to be pardoned 2 Item to the end it may appeare that the reformation tendeth to a lawfull Gouernement it shall bee meete that a Collection bee made of the Lawes already in force and a publique denuntiation made by Proclamation for the putting of them in present Execution especially the Lawes of King Kogish 3 Item the Earle of Ormond is to be compounded withall for his liberties of Tibredary so as your Maiesties Lawes onely ruling there my Lord neuerthelesse to haue the Excheats as by the ordinance of Wales the Lords Marchers haue there As for the Earle of Desmond his liberties of County Pallantine in Kerry there needeth no composition with him he being in Rebellion 4 Item that all Ireland bee reduced into Manours so as hauing Courts Barons Leetes and Lawdayes kept orderly vpon them the people may haue Iustice for meane actions neere home 5 Item that all Cesse cuttings and Irish exactions as Bonnaght Coyne and Liuory Fowey Soren Black rents and such like bee cleane abollished And that in lieu thereof a certaine Annuall rent bee rated vpon euery Plow Land to the vse of the Lord by composition tripartity indented to be made betwixt your Maiestie the Lord and his Free-holder by the Lord Deputy Lord Presidents or other Commissioners by them authorized reseruing besides for your Maiesty according to the Statutes made for that purpose 13 shillings foure pence vpon euery Plow land with prouiso that if the Lord doe breake the composition or take againe any of the said exactions then hee to forfeit the inheritance of those Lands And that by that tripartity Indenture both the Lord and the Freeholder bee bound to let his demeanes or any other Land that he shall demise to the Tennant otherwise called Churle at a reasonable rent certaine for terme of 21 yeares at least Thus the Freeholder and the Tennant being at a certainty and rid of the vncertaine spoyle and spending of the Lord and feeling the ease and commodity thereof will withstand the vnlawfull attempts of the Lord and be ready with his body and goods against him if neede bee at the deuotion of the State that shall be meanes thus to enrich and better his estate 6 Item no Lord or Gentlemen for any respect or colour of Seruice be admitted to put vpon his Lordship or Signory any Galloglagh Kerne or Shot or to grant them any Kenelagh Follow Bonaghbeg or Bonaghburr vpon paine offellony Neuerthelesse vpon any great necessity the Lord Deputy or Lords Presidents shall put in any Galloglagh Kerne or Shot and those to be called and reputed your Maiesties Galloglagh Kerne or Shot 7 Item that all Brehons Carraghes Bardes and Rymers that infect the people Friars Monkes Iesuites Pardoners Nunns and such like that openly seeke the maintenance of Papacy a Traytrous kinde of people the Bellowes to blow the coales of all mischiefe and Rebellion and fit spies of Antichrist whose Kingdome they greedily expect to bee restored be executed by Marshall Law and their fauourers and maintainers by due course of Law to be tryed and executed as in cases of Treason 8 Item if your Maiesty in respect of pollicie or otherwise doe not thinke it good vtterly to destroy the Irish Scots that doe continually inuade your good Subiects and ayde the Rebellious against your Highnesse That it were well your Maiesty did graunt to the Earle of Arguile an yearely Pention for a time to the end he should restraine them from comming euer into England 9 Item that the English Horsemen Footmen the Galloglaghes Kerne and Irish Shot bee placed in the seuerall Prouinces of the Realme as the seruice and the necessity of the place shall require And that of the Lands in your Maiesties disposition by Excheat or otherwise as soone as conuensently may bee some portions bee allotted to them to dwell vpon and manure at a certaine reasonable rate And
yearely as the commodity of their Lands encreaseth the wages to abate and so at length cleane to extinguish 10 Item to the end the Ports in Ireland especially of Mounster may be inhabited and fortified against forraigne attempts it shall bee well your Maiesty doe not onely strengthen the Priuiledges already graunted but also graunt new 11 Item that Merchants in generall be prohibited vpon paine of death to sell Powder or any kinde of Warlike Munition to any of the Irish 12 Item that honest and skilfull men be taken out of euery Court of Record here and placed there for the setling of the due course of the Lawes And for their better encouragement to doe well that in respect of their honest trauels they be promised preferments of Offices in the Courts here as any doe fall fit for them 13 Item that the Glybb and all Irish habite of men and women be presently abollished and that Orders be set downe for enlarging the English tongue and extinguishing the Irish in as short a time as conueniently may be 14 Item that the factions of Butler and Geraldine with the titles of Ahmabo and Crâ—ghmabo be taken away 15 Finally to the end your Maiesties State be more followed and depended vpon then hitherto it hath beene and the Lords of the Counties lesse reseruing to them the honour and reputation due to their places as the Noble men here haue I thinke it very necessary that a suruay be taken of all their Lands and that your Maiesty by good aduice shall take such a third part thereof into your hands as shall lye fittest for the furtherance of your Seruice Giuing them of improoued Lands in England by way of exchange a valuable recompence So shall your Maiesties followers encrease and theirs diminish to the great assurance of your State there Besides that by that meanes your Highnes shall haue alwayes A CONTINVATION of the History of IRELAND vnto this time 1626 whereof this is the first Booke beginning 1584. and ending 1588. the rest shall follow Queene Elizabeths prosperous and peaceable gouernment WHen Queene Elizabeth the mirrour of women and most famous of Princes had to the wonder of the world and her owne euer flourishing fame gouerned these her Kingdoms of England and Ireland 1584 for the space of almost sixe and twenty yeares and did now plainely finde that the Romish and Spanish practises those ambitious States affecting vniuersall Supremacie the one in ouer ruling Religion the other in coueting absolute Monarchy had taken holde of the reuolting disposition nature of the Irish now wearier of the English yoke of obedience then euer in respect of their contrariety in Religion which through their wildnesse and barbarisme they would not haue beene The Romane Locusts and especially Sanders incendiaries of Rebellion so sensible of but by the stirring vp of the Romane Locusts the instruments of strife bloud and dissention as late manifestation was made in the fruit of that wicked Priest and Traytor Doctor Sanders his worke who not onely drew in the inuading Popish-Spanish forces one of those States aucthorising the other The Popish-Spanish forces defeated by the Lord Gray then Deputy supporting into Mounster where at Smerwick they were defeated by her Maiesties forces vnder the commaund of the right worthy and religious Deputy the Lord Gray but had likewise incited the Lords of Desmond and Baltinglasse with many their confederates to an insurrection not without suspition of the Earle of Kildares conniuencie therein which fire being well quenched by the wisedome The too specdy recalling of the Lord Gray hindred the vtter extinguishing of Desmonds insurrection and valour of that noble Gouernour but not vtterly extinct he being too speedily reuoked thence by the meanes of his enemies at Court enuying his vertues and malicing his successe And the sword committed vnto two Iustices who as in bodies and qualities so varied they indispositions and affection Way was giuen by neglect the Handmayde of diuision to the reuiuing those sparkes which lay hid and couered in the embers of the Iesuites forge which her Maiestic discerning repented no doubt the calling away of the former Deputie but like a great minded Prince vnwilling to confesse errour or to shew the power of such as had preuailed with her in this particular called her selfe home to a new election of such a Gouernour as was likely to answere the necessity of her seruice and to rule that Kingdome to the good and quiet of her people wherein though her happinesse was such as to haue plenty of worthy seruants Regis ad exemplum c. yet most worthily the lot of Sir Iohn Perrott elected Lord Deputy of Ireland her iudgement fell at this time vpon Sir Iohn Perrot a Gentleman discended of an auncient and Noble family and that illustrated by his owne vertue which being supported with a faire Patrimony the effectuall grace of Ancient Nobility gaue glory to his minde His profession being a Souldier for as his meanes bestowed grace vpon the profession so the profession returned the more honour to his vndertaking free hazard being indeede the high path to honour especially when it is guided by a transcendent iudgement which hee had formerly manifested by diuers imployments In her Maiesties Nauie hee had not long before Sir Iohn Perrotts imployment against Stukely the commaund of sixe of her Shipps to encounter Stukeley expected with the Papall banner to haue inuaded Ireland Hee was the Sir Iohn Perrott the first Praesident of Mounster first Lord President of the Prouince of Mounster made by the aduice of Sir Henry Sidney While he was Deputy of Ireland wherein hee had gouerned with good successe to her Maiesties Seruice and such notice had she taken of his iudgement and experience in that Kingdome as shee required his opinion in writing Sir Iohn Perrotts opinion for reformation of Ireland applauded by the Queene and Councell for reformation of errours and establishing a perfection in the gouernment there which he performed to her good liking and the applause of her Councell This iudicious and exact discourse I haue added for the satisfaction of the Reader to my Preface These merrits induced that prouident Prince to this his Election So as commission Sir Iohn Perrots taking of the sword was giuen and the sword deliuered him in Christes Church in Dublin on the 26. of Iune anno 1584. by the afore mentioned Iustices at which time peraduenture in imitation of the ancient Romane Gouernours who were euer accustomed at their Election into Sir Iohn Perrots speech when he receiued the sword publique Office to make Orations to the people hee made a briefe speech more plaine and pithy then glorious or eloquent the words being to this effect That since it had pleased God and her Maiestie to commit to him that great gouernment how weake so euer hee were to vndergoe so heauy a weight yet hee would doe his best endeuour to distribute
State opened and coppied by a Captaine trusted with the conueyance thereof and by him certified to the Traytor Tyrone but in the way intercepted by the Marshal Sir Henry Bagnall The originall of these Cyphers are yet to bee seene with the worthy Sonne of that most worthy Father Sir Henry Wallop of whom since my heart vpon good knowledge of him guides my Pen I craue pardon for digressing from my matter now in hand to speake a word of him He was of an auncient family and an Inheritour of a faire fortune which he managed with so much prouidence as it being seconded by a well knowne wisedome hee was Elected to this place of Vice-Treasurer and Treasurer at Warres in Ireland which as I haue often credibly heard he was vnwilling to accept of not because the place was in the Market at a price to be had according to the Custome of France but freely disposed as all Offices were by that glorious Queene who well vnderstood that he which buyes deare must sell at the same rate by which meanes the poore Subiect whose weale lay next her heart must suffer inconuenience but out of feare that treasure which corrupts most men might doe no lesse to him This place hee discharged many yeares with so cleane hands and so vpright a heart as hee added not to his fortune any matter of moment but at his death was found vpon an euen ground neither in debt to the Queene nor to be charged with any gratuity from Officer Captaine or other in that Kingdome and carried this report to his graue that neuer Treasurer so wise and prouident enioyed so long and reaped so little benefit by so beneficiall a place and dyed without the Taynt of corruption either in that Office or any other which hee held by the fauour of the State in that Kingdome The Lord Deputy hauing performed this with many other things of importance set forwards on his iourney into Connaught where hee dealt with the chiefe Lords to change their custome of strife and controuersie at this time frequent into amity and friendship Charity breeding Piety and both establishing ciuility as the Earles of Thomond and Clanrichard the Lord Bremigham the Burghs of Euter Connaught the Okelleis Oconnor Roe Oconnor Don Oconnor Sligo Mac-William Eughter Murtho-ne-doe-Oflarty The Oneales Mac Trenor Mac Mahond Mac Enispoc both the Mac Nemurroes the two Mac Mahones and all the Chiefes of Connaught and Thomond that both they and the meaner Subiect might be preserued in peace without priuate wrongs for assurance of their loyalties and the readier payment of their compositions He put to death Donnogh Beg Obryan Donnogh-Beg-Obryan put to death a bioudy murtherer and spoyler of the good Subiect with sixe of his accomplices This naughty person shewed as much resolution in suffering death as before he had manifested cruelly in his bloudy actions which did argue the goodnesse of the seruice in cutting him so timely off for he that wants remorce of conscience at the time of his death is in his soule delighted in doing mischiefe The practise of Surleboys inuading Vlster discouered Hee passed on to Limbrick in the Prouince of Mounster where hee receiued intelligence from the Baron of Donganon Sir Nicholas Bagnall the Marshall Captaine Mince then lying in Odonnells Country and others of the approach of a Thousand Scottish Islanders called Redshankes being of the Septs or Families of the Cambiles Macconnells and Macgalanes drawne to inuade Vlster by Surleboys one of that Nation who had vsurped and by power and strong hand possessed himselfe of the Macguilies and other mens Lands in Vlster called the Glimes and the Routes meaning to hold that by force which hee had gotten without right by violence fraud and iniurie The Deputy at the same time receiued priuate notice of a Messenger sent from the Irish of Vlster to stirre vp the Lords and Chiefes of Mounster and Connaught to ioyne with them in Rebellion for whom he caused wayte to be Tirlogh Leynaghs fosterer taken layde and had him apprehended and brought to himselfe who vpon examination after some deniall confessed that hee was Tirlogh Leynagh then called Oneales fosterer and by him imployed to procure those people to ioyne in Rebellion with him and his Accomplices according to a former combination made before his Lordshippes arriuall in that Kingdome when it was destitute of an vnderstanding Commander or such a Garrison of Souldiers as was fit to answere such an occasion hereby expressing the condition of that people to watch all opportunity to deliuer themselues from the yoake of the English gouernment and hee confessed withall that now hauing moued the Lord Fitzmorrice and some other Lords of Mounster to enter into The opinion of the Deputies Iustice kept the Lord Fitzmorrice and others frō Rebellion the promised Insurrection hee was answered by them that since Sir Iohn Perrot who all that Country knew and esteemed to be a iust man was arriued and made Deputy none of them would stirre so long as hee and the Earle of Ormonde continued in that Kingdome so as the cause which makes the English gouernment heauy to that people plainely appeares to be the corruption of our Gouernours else had not Sir Iohn Perrot whose sincerity was knowne to them had more power to containe them in obedience then another of his Country and quality should haue had in the processe of this Story it will likewise appeare that Oneale himselfe was wonn to loyalty and a peaceable subiection merely by the Iustice of this Deputy when hee came once to be knowne amongst them of the North. Neuerthelesse the newes of the Preparation in Vlster The Deputies returne to preuent the Ilanders and the danger of a discent of the Scottish Islanders there being by the Deputy wel weighed broke off his farther proceedings in that Prouince and called him backe to the preuention of the same leauing this Prouince secured by taking Pledges of all suspected persons and constituting in each Country trusty and able Gouernours to keepe the people in obedience if any stirre should happen in his absence taking the President of Mounster who was desirous to accompany him along with him to the Northerne Expedition and appointing such as he suspected to attend him to Dublin ordaining in his absence the County of Corke to be gouerned by the Iustices Walshe and Miagh The Sheriffe Sir William Stanley the Lords Barry and Roche the County of Limbrick to the Prouost Marshall the County of Desmond to the Earle of Clancarthie Sir Owen Oswilliuan and Oswilliuan More The County of Kerry to the Sheriffe and the Lord Fitz-Morris with others whose pledges hee tooke with him The Liberty and County of Tipperary whose Iurisdiction was by Charter challenged to belong to the Earle of Ormonde he left as he found it to the auncient course of gouernment vnder Thomas the then Earle a man of singular wisedome and loyalty and by her Maiestie highly fauoured This Earle first
diligence and tooke in good part all his doings as proceeding from a speciall zeale to doe her seruice yet finding or suspecting a taxe withall to bee layde on his iudgement in some matters which did arise as he conceiued from the perswasion of his Euemies his nature would not suffer him to The Deputy writeih to the Queene suppresse or conceale his griefe Hee therefore wrote ouer vnto her as hee had already done vnto the Lords of her Counsaile shewing the good successe of his late Northerne iourney with the necessity thereof and the content of the Councell thereunto and to his proceeding in tendering the Oath of obedience hee pleaded warrant and pollicie of State and to all the other allegations as of Nouelties and supposed inconuemencies hee replyed that they were malicious furmises and without cause of doubt therein as his Aduersary pretended alleadging a dangerous consequence to breede feare doubt and disquietnesse in the Natiues which were but suggestions to hinder such seruices as would easily be performed without perill finding now the pride and power of the euill affected Irish to be altogether abated and the people enclined to yeeld conformity vnto his commandements Therefore it seemed fit to him to take the opportunity which the time offered to worke that which former time could not compasse But finding all this how necessary so euer crossed by them which should rather haue giuen furtherance to it construing his actions astending to innouation likely to stirre dissention and produce danger He confessed that he was much disconraged but yet would pursue his course in the best manner he could being so restrayned For the view of mens Charters wherewith hee was charged hee denied that euer he intended much lesse practised the Accusers malice and slander Hee confessed that hee had vrged some of them to take the Oath of obedience and gaue his reason for it for finding their obstinacie and repugnance to reason in Parliament he held this the best meanes to try their sidelily by concluding with all humility which tasted something neuerthelesse of passion and griefe for it must needes trouble him to see his zealous care to assure all things to the good of his Prince mistaken by the malice of his Aduersaries whose whole ayme being but at their owne particular were not so sensible as they should haue beene how they euerted the publique by pudling the water wherein their fish lay And to strengthen this their information to the end hee might be made the more distastfull to her Maiestie and the Lords of her Counsell Some of the Lords of the English Pale are incited The Lords of the English Pale write against the Deputy to write vnto the Queene 15 Iuly 1585 in complaint against the Deputy that ouer and besides a composition of two thousand pounds yearely reuennew formerly made in lieu of Cess and other charges claimed to belong by Prerogatiue vnto the State from the fiue Counties of the English Pale hee intended to impose a second charge of fifteene hundred pound per Anum sterling so making the yoake of her Gouernment to appeare heauie and insupportable But not long after some of those Lords finding themselues abused as the Vicount Gormanstowne the Lords of Slany The Lords by another Letter recanted their errour Heathe and Trimelstene by another Letter recanted their errour expressing sorrow for mistaking the Deputies meaning acknowledging his fatherly care of them the Country for those were the words of their Letter and that they would not haue written against him neither for the former particular nor for the suspension of Poynings Act if they had discerned or vnderstood what they now found of his disposition to doe them and the Country right This shewes in what a slippery seare they fit that gouerne that Kingdome for Innocencie is not alwayes safe though it be euer best for it cannot bee free from imputation when it is free from corruption the vnder-Instruments of State aduauncing themselues thereby Notwithstanding these complaints crossings and backbitings the Deputy like a carefull Common-wealths man and iust seruant to his Prince professed he would proceede on to the discharge of his duty as long as he held that place esteeming it better to be disgraced for doing well then to be remiss in doing well Therefore care is had to settle a Composition in Cannaught sutable to that in Vlster begun for the encrease of the Crownes reuennew and setling of some certainty in that Prouince betwixt the Lords and their Tenants for the preuention of such mischiefes as had happened formerly there by their disagreement and for the reformation of such enormities as were frequent by the dependencie of the mean person vpon the chiefe Lords To this purpose in the same yeare so soone as the late begun troubles of Vlster were pacified and the other Prouinces of Ireland began to be plyable and conformable to Iustice and Peace A commission is directed to Sir Richard Commission sent into Connaught for making the composition Bingham the Gouernour of Connaught Sir Nicholas White Master of the Rowles Sir Thomas Lestrange Charles Calthorpe the Queenes Attourney Generall Thomas Dillon Chiefe Iustice of Connaught Gerard Comeford Attourney there and Francis Barkeley to enter into a course for procuring a composition with the principall Lords spirituall and temporall The Chiefetaines of Countries Gentlemen and Free-holders of that Prouince of Connaught to passe vnto the Queenes Maiesty her Heires and Successours a graunt of tenne shillings English or a marke Irish vpon euery quarter of land containing 120 Acres manured or to be manured as the phrase went and was significantly set downe that beares either horne or corne that was with tillage or cattell in lieu and consideration to bee discharged from other Cess taxation or tallage excepting the rising out of Horse and Foote for the Seruice of the Prince and State such as should be particularly agreed vpon and some certaine dayes labour for building and fortifaction for the safety of the people and Kingdome According to which Commission and the directions therein contained These Commissioners did trauaile through the seuerall Counties of Connaught first calling and conferring with the Lords Chiefetaines Gentlemen and Free-holders in their seuerall Precincts and Possessions to finde their dispositions how farre they were willing to condiscend and yeeld to such a course for the satisfaction of their Prince and freedome of themselues from further burthens to make their charge certaine and that but small These things well The Commissioners handled the Commission discreetly propounded and discreetly prosecuted most and in a manner all the principall possessours of land in that Prouince as they were generally dealt withall did assent to this contribution for their owne ease as well as for the satisfaction and seruice of the Prince of the first themselues were sensible of the other they had onely aduertisement from the Commissioners being well chosen for that purpose especially Sir Richard Bingham the Gouernour then