supreme_a court_n of_o saxony_n and_o with_o our_o practic_n for_o march_v 1671._o it_o be_v find_v after_o a_o most_o contentious_a debate_n that_o two_o boy_n the_o young_a whereof_o be_v not_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n shall_v pass_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n for_o assist_v in_o the_o company_n of_o 15_o arm_a man_n send_v by_o their_o father_n to_o demolish_v a_o house_n in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o storm_n whereof_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v in_o possession_n these_o thing_n i_o have_v the_o more_o insist_v on_o because_o they_o frequent_o occur_v as_o excuse_n and_o extenuation_n in_o process_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n 2._o the_o person_n whether_o consider_v as_o agent_n or_o patient_n make_v a_o great_a alteration_n in_o punishment_n d_o l_o aut_fw-la facta_fw-la 16_o §_o persona_fw-la 3_o ff_n de_fw-mi poen_fw-mi each_o may_v be_v consider_v under_o four_o head_n sex_n age_n state_n quality_n 1._o as_o to_o the_o sex_n the_o law_n deal_v more_o mild_o with_o woman_n than_o with_o man_n on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o infirmity_n both_o of_o body_n and_o mind_n l_o si_fw-la adulterium_fw-la 38_o §_o 7._o &_o 8_o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_n the_o adult_n l_o quisquis_fw-la 5._o §_o ad_fw-la filias_fw-la 3_o c_o add_v leg_n jul_n majest_n l_o sacrilegii_fw-la 6._o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_n peculat_v and_o when_o they_o be_v the_o person_n injure_v the_o law_n punish_v the_o delinquent_n with_o the_o great_a severity_n because_o they_o be_v the_o less_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o albeit_o deformity_n in_o a_o man_n occasion_v by_o wound_v or_o mutilation_n do_v not_o augment_v the_o punishment_n farin_n de_fw-fr homicide_n insp_n 4_o q_o 119_o n_n 118._o yet_o the_o contrary_n be_v true_a when_o a_o virgin_n be_v thereby_o deform_v because_o in_o that_o case_n she_o need_v great_a tocher_n or_o portion_n farin_n loc_fw-la cit_fw-la de_fw-fr delict_n cap_n 6_o rubric_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr n_n 12._o vers_fw-la addi_fw-la tamen_fw-la farin_n d_o quaest_n n_o 119._o 2._o as_o to_o the_o age_n albeit_o minority_n do_v not_o procure_v impunity_n if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v such_o as_o for_o age_n may_v be_v doli_fw-la capax_fw-la l._n impunitas_fw-la 7_o c_o de_fw-mi poenis_fw-la mackenzie_n p._n 1_o tit_n 1_o n_n 5._o yet_o minority_n extenuat_v mackenzie_n loc_fw-la cit_fw-la because_o of_o the_o imbecility_n of_o judgement_n l_o si_fw-la ex_fw-la causa_fw-la 9_o §_o nunc_fw-la videndum_fw-la 2_o l_o auxilium_fw-la 37_o §_o 1_o ff_o the_o minorib_n with_fw-mi carpz_n pract_n crim_n p._n 3._o q_o 143._o upon_o the_o question_n how_o far_o minority_n excuse_n or_o mitigat_n the_o crime_n and_o general_o in_o omnibus_fw-la poenalibus_fw-la judiciis_fw-la &_o aetati_fw-la &_o imprudentiae_fw-la succurritur_fw-la l_o 108_o ff_n de_fw-fr rec_n jur_n tyraquel_fw-fr de_fw-fr poen_fw-mi temper_n case_n 7_o menoch_n the_o arbitr_n case_n 329._o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o minor_a shall_v mntilat_fw-la or_o wound_v his_o neighbour_n his_o nonage_n will_v mitigat_n but_o not_o excuse_v the_o mutilation_n see_v it_o do_v not_o excuse_v he_o in_o homicide_n but_o if_o one_o mutilat_n wound_n or_o demember_v a_o minor_a the_o punishment_n may_v be_v augment_v according_a as_o he_o be_v capable_a or_o less_o capable_a to_o defend_v himself_o in_o like_a manner_n regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o old_a and_o decrepit_a person_n when_o they_o commit_v the_o injury_n l_o 3_o ff_n de_fw-mi termin_v mot_n or_o receive_v it_o l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o gravi_fw-la 3_o §_o ignoscatur_fw-la 7_o ff_n de_fw-fr s._n c._n silâ—n_n tyraquel_fw-fr d._n tract_n de_fw-mi poen_fw-mi case_n 8_o menoch_n case_z cit_fw-la the_o reason_n be_v they_o become_v weak_a in_o judgement_n like_o child_n carpz_n pract_n crim_a p._n 3._o quaest_n 144.3_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o person_n make_v a_o alteration_n in_o punishment_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v corporal_a and_o ignominious_a slave_n be_v more_o severe_o punish_v than_o free_a man_n for_o the_o same_o crime_n l_o 1_o 10_o &_o l_o 16_o §_o persona_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la l._n capitalium_fw-la 28_o §_o non_fw-la omnes_fw-la 2._o eod_n and_o infamous_a more_o than_o famous_a d_o l_o 28_o §_o ult_n 4._o as_o to_o the_o quality_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o any_o man_n demember_v mutilat_fw-la or_o any_o way_n invade_v a_o magistrate_n parent_n or_o person_n of_o honour_n he_o commit_v a_o great_a injury_n and_o be_v more_o severe_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o if_o he_o have_v invade_v his_o equal_a or_o a_o abject_a person_n d._n l_o 16_o §_o 3_o ff_n de_fw-mi poen_fw-mi l._n ult_n ff_o eod_n d_o §_o §_o 7_o &_o 9_o inst_z de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr but_o if_o a_o magistrate_n or_o person_n of_o honour_n shall_v commit_v these_o or_o the_o like_a crime_n against_o a_o person_n of_o low_a degree_n he_o shall_v not_o incur_v the_o same_o corporal_a punishment_n this_o we_o see_v in_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o decuriones_fw-la who_o can_v not_o be_v condemn_v to_o the_o mine_n nor_o to_o be_v hang_v or_o burn_v alive_a l._n moris_fw-la 9_o §_o istae_fw-la fâ—re_fw-la sunt_fw-la poenae_fw-la 11._o ff_n de_fw-mi poen_fw-mi and_o the_o emperor_n hadrian_n will_v not_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v capital_o unless_o for_o parricide_n l_o divus_o 15_o ff_o eod_a and_o their_o child_n have_v the_o same_o privilege_n d_o §_o 11._o neither_o can_v any_o person_n of_o repute_n be_v punish_v with_o fustigation_n d._n l._n 28._o §_o 2._o nor_o be_v send_v to_o the_o mine_n §_o 5._o neither_o be_v noble_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o hang_v tyraquel_n de_fw-fr nobilib_a cap._n 20._o n_o 104._o &_o 106._o covarr_n resol_n lib._n 20._o cap_n 9_o de_fw-la poenis_fw-la crim_fw-la eorumque_fw-la modo_fw-la n._n 34._o &_o seqq_fw-la nor_o to_o undergo_v ignominious_a punishment_n fulgos_n consil_n 167._o but_o to_o compense_v this_o the_o pecuniary_a punishment_n of_o a_o nobleman_n go_v much_o high_o because_o of_o his_o riches_n covarr_n dict_z loc_fw-la 3._o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v make_v the_o same_o act_n to_o be_v theft_n or_o sacrilege_n and_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n or_o a_o less_o punishment_n d._n l._n 26._o §_o 4._o ff_n de_fw-mi poen_fw-mi he_o that_o mutilat_n or_o wound_v another_o in_o the_o church_n theatre_n mercat-place_n or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o magistrate_n be_v more_o criminal_a than_o if_o he_o have_v do_v it_o in_o a_o private_a place_n d._n §_o 9_o inst_z de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n its_o treason_n to_o strike_v hurt_v or_o slay_v any_o person_n in_o the_o parliament-house_n during_o the_o hold_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o within_o the_o king_n inner-chamber_n or_o chamber_n of_o presence_n the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v within_o his_o palace_n or_o where_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n sit_v for_o administration_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o time_n they_o be_v sit_v or_o within_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n house_n the_o time_n of_o the_o council_n sit_v there_o or_o in_o presence_n of_o his_o majesty_n where_o ever_o his_o highness_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v for_o the_o time_n act_n 175._o parl._n 13._o ja._n 6._o which_o act_n also_o in_o other_o particular_n make_v the_o circumstance_n of_o place_n to_o augment_v or_o diminish_v punishment_n see_v also_o what_o we_o say_v concern_v amputation_n of_o the_o hand_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o place_n n._n 154._o supra_fw-la 4._o time_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o diurnal_a and_o a_o nocturnal_a thief_n d._n l._n 16._o §_o 4._o ff_n de_fw-mi poen_fw-mi the_o first_o be_v punishable_a paenâ_fw-la ordinariâ_fw-la the_o last_o paenâ_fw-la extraordinariâ_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr furib_n balnear_o and_o betwixt_o breaker_n of_o prison_n in_o the_o night_n and_o in_o the_o daytime_n l._n 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr effractor_n in_o like_a manner_n a_o delinquent_n who_o reiterat_o a_o crime_n be_v more_o severe_o punish_v than_o if_o he_o have_v be_v but_o once_o guilty_a l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr episc_n audient_fw-la l._n capitalium_fw-la 28._o §_o solent_fw-la quidam_fw-la 3.8_o grassatores_fw-la 10._o &_o §_o famosis_n 15._o ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la in_o this_o last_o paragraph_n famous_a or_o common_a robber_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v hang_v in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o most_o frequent_o transgress_v that_o other_o by_o behold_v their_o punishment_n may_v be_v deter_v from_o commit_v the_o like_a crime_n and_o the_o friend_n and_o near_a relation_n of_o these_o who_o they_o have_v murder_v or_o rob_v may_v be_v thereby_o comfort_v in_o the_o abovecited_a case_n 15._o july_n 1642._o chine_n against_o mowat_n and_o neving_n their_o fynes_n or_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v make_v great_a than_o ordinary_a because_o the_o panel_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o the_o like_a crime_n before_o as_o the_o decision_n bear_v
by_o â—â—â—ing_v they_o design'â—ly_o pull_v out_o which_o atrocious_a crime_n have_v be_v punish_v by_o retaliation_n 25_o also_o a_o man_n may_v be_v demember_v of_o his_o eye_n by_o it_o be_v be_v wound_v to_o that_o degrâ—â—_n that_o it_o wither_v or_o consume_v and_o such_o a_o man_n be_v say_v to_o be_v mutilate_v suâ—stâ—ntiâ—liter_fw-la 26_o the_o eye_n man_n be_v mutilate_v either_o by_o a_o total_a abolition_n of_o the_o sight_n or_o by_o such_o a_o demirelief_a aâ—_n render_v the_o sight_n almost_o useless_a which_o be_v describe_v and_o ill_o straâ—â—d_v by_o example_n 27_o depravation_n of_o the_o sight_n as_o describe_v infer_v not_o mutilation_n 28_o the_o tongue_n prove_v to_o be_v a_o member_n in_o the_o proper_a sense_n 29_o the_o tongue_n be_v say_v to_o be_v demember_v when_o cut_v out_o by_o the_o root_n 30_o the_o tongue_n be_v say_v to_o be_v mutilate_v when_o such_o a_o part_n of_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o as_o hinder_v it_o 〈◊〉_d sâ—â—â—k_v to_o understanding_n although_o the_o law_n will_v hold_v he_o sanus_fw-la as_o to_o redhibition_n 31_o whether_o the_o lip_n be_v member_n in_o a_o proper_a sense_n 32_o whether_o the_o tooth_n be_v member_n in_o a_o proper_a sense_n argument_n for_o the_o negative_a 33_o argument_n for_o the_o affitmative_a 34_o argument_n for_o the_o negative_a answer_v 35_o the_o nose_n be_v a_o member_n in_o the_o proper_a sense_n prove_v by_o authority_n 36_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o experience_n which_o teach_v that_o it_o be_v the_o only_a instrument_n of_o smell_a 37_o a_o objection_n answer_v 38_o those_o who_o deny_v the_o nose_n to_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a do_v acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o other_o distinct_a operation_n and_o consequent_o a_o member_n in_o the_o proper_a sense_n 39_o the_o far_o describe_v and_o distinguish_v in_o internal_a call_v auris_fw-la and_o external_n call_v auricula_fw-la the_o first_o yield_v to_o be_v a_o member_n in_o the_o proper_a sense_n and_o the_o sâ—coâ—d_v controvert_v 40_o physician_n and_o lawyer_n for_o the_o negative_a 41_o physician_n and_o lawyer_n for_o the_o affirmative_a 42_o suares_n and_o zacchias_n agree_v to_o the_o affirmative_a hic_fw-la &_o n._n seq_fw-la 43_o if_o amputation_n of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o auricula_fw-la infer_v demembration_n affort_v by_o suâ—res_n deny_v dâ—â—y_n zacchias_n and_o so_o dâ—â—â—dâ—d_v 44_o the_o chin_n no_o proper_a member_n according_a to_o farinacius_n and_o therefore_o the_o cut_n off_o of_o the_o chin_n inser_n not_o demembration_n but_o yet_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o delict_n or_o riot_n 45_o the_o beard_n be_v no_o member_n yet_o the_o cut_n off_o thereof_o 〈◊〉_d just_a 〈…〉_o will_v be_v severe_o punishable_a even_o paena_fw-la incidentis_fw-la membrum_fw-la accord_v to_o baldus_n 46_o the_o pap_n or_o dugg_n of_o a_o woman_n be_v member_n in_o a_o proper_a sense_n 47_o whether_o or_o not_o the_o spondyl_n or_o vertebra_n be_v member_n in_o a_o â—â—opâ—r_n sâ—â—sâ—_n 48_o castratio_fw-la virilium_fw-la be_v a_o most_o atrocious_a demembration_n and_o sâ—uâ—rely_o punishable_a hic_fw-la &_o n._n inâ—ra_fw-la 49_o the_o hand_n how_o take_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n and_o how_o in_o a_o narrow_a sense_n 50_o the_o hand_n because_o it_o perform_v most_o useful_a &_o distinct_a operation_n be_v without_o all_o debate_n a_o most_o useful_a and_o proper_a member_n 51_o the_o leg_n iâ—_n also_o a_o useful_a and_o proper_a member_n 52_o whether_o the_o finger_n and_o toe_n be_v member_n per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o only_a part_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o â—eet_a iâ—_n 〈◊〉_d agree_v among_o the_o dd._n 53_o for_o the_o negative_a viz._n that_o digitus_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la membrum_fw-la be_v bartolus_n baldus_n and_o many_o other_o both_o lawyer_n and_o physician_n 54_o fr._n suarez_n seem_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o negative_a 55_o cajetan_n and_o soto_n be_v for_o the_o affiâ—mâ—â—iâ—â—_n 56_o suarez_n act_n the_o part_n of_o a_o râ—câ—â—â—â—er_n betwixt_o cajetan_a and_o the_o other_o dd._n 57_o digitus_fw-la find_v to_o be_v membrum_fw-la by_o many_o decision_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n 58_o argument_n to_o justify_v the_o decision_n 59_o whether_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o say_v the_o finger_n be_v demember_v or_o the_o hand_n be_v demember_v of_o thâ—_n finger_n according_a to_o fortunat._n fidel._n 60_o answer_n to_o some_o lawsâ—ddâ—câ—d_n â—ddâ—câ—d_z by_o the_o dd._n to_o prove_v that_o the_o finger_n be_v no_o member_n 61_o the_o toe_n or_o digiti_fw-la pedis_fw-la be_v proper_o member_n as_o the_o finger_n of_o the_o hand_n because_o of_o their_o usefulness_n 62_o wonderful_a performance_n do_v with_o the_o toe_n of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v bear_v without_o hand_n 63_o detruncation_n of_o a_o wither_a hand_n infer_v the_o crime_n and_o pain_n of_o demembration_n 64_o the_o cut_v off_o of_o a_o proper_a member_n from_o a_o dead_a body_n do_v not_o infer_v the_o crime_n or_o pam_fw-la of_o demembration_n 65_o the_o use_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o proper_a and_o improper_a member_n be_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o general_a statute_n concern_v member_n 66_o all_o judge_n cowpetent_a in_o homicide_n be_v likewise_o competent_a in_o the_o crime_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n 67_o baron_n of_o barony_n be_v not_o competent_a judge_n neither_o be_v the_o privy_a council_n 68_o though_o the_o privy_a council_n can_v decide_v yet_o they_o can_v precognosce_fw-la and_o discharge_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v 69_o five_o caution_n for_o form_v the_o libel_n 70_o the_o defence_n be_v dilatory_a or_o peremptory_a and_o both_o describe_v 71_o the_o first_o dilatory_a defence_n against_o mutilation_n be_v that_o year_n and_o day_n be_v not_o elapse_v since_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n with_o the_o reply_n thereto_o 72_o this_o defence_n take_v no_o place_n against_o a_o libel_n of_o demembration_n 73_o if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v both_o for_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v pass_v from_o the_o mutilation_n and_o insist_v within_o year_n and_o day_n for_o the_o demembration_n 74_o the_o second_o dilatory_a defence_n be_v that_o the_o case_n be_v submit_v 75_o the_o first_o peremptory_a defence_n be_v that_o the_o mutilated_a member_n be_v recover_v 76_o the_o defence_n of_o recovery_n be_v only_o relevant_a against_o a_o libel_n for_o mutilation_n 77_o the_o second_o peremptory_a defence_n be_v that_o the_o case_n be_v submit_v the_o arbiter_n have_v decern_v 78_o the_o justice_n ofttimes_o recommend_v to_o the_o party_n to_o submit_v 79_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v but_o privata_fw-la dilicta_fw-la 80_o the_o three_o peremptory_a defence_n be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v remit_v the_o crime_n 81_o the_o four_o peremptory_a defence_n be_v dissimulation_n but_o this_o must_v be_v very_o apparent_a and_o evident_a otherways_o it_o be_v not_o relevant_a 82_o the_o five_o peremptory_a defence_n be_v res_fw-la judicata_fw-la 83_o the_o six_o be_v a_o good_a defence_n that_o the_o council_n have_v precognosce_v and_o discharge_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v 84_o sometime_o the_o council_n remit_v to_o the_o justice_n to_o precognosce_fw-la 85_o the_o seven_o alledgance_n of_o self-defence_n be_v relevant_a here_o as_o in_o homicide_n 86_o self-defence_n be_v not_o relevant_a against_o one_o clothe_v with_o lawful_a authority_n 87_o the_o eight_o be_v a_o good_a defence_n that_o the_o wound_n be_v curable_a and_o the_o mutilation_n or_o demembration_n be_v ex_fw-la malo_fw-la regimine_fw-la 88_o all_o who_o be_v actor_n art_n and_o part_n be_v liable_a 89_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o good_a defence_n that_o the_o party_n mutilate_v or_o demember_v be_v at_o the_o horn._n 90_o a_o panel_n at_o the_o horn_n must_v relax_v before_o he_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o propone_v his_o defence_n 91_o if_o strict_a retaliation_n be_v crave_v in_o the_o libel_n the_o panel_n must_v debate_v how_o far_o the_o jewish_a retaliation_n be_v obligatory_a 92_o it_o be_v a_o good_a defence_n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v mutilat_n or_o demember_v himself_o 93_o whatever_o defence_n be_v competent_a against_o homicide_n be_v also_o competent_a against_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la 94_o two_o thing_n to_o be_v notice_v in_o the_o probation_n of_o these_o crime_n or_o delict_n 95_o 1._o what_o be_v evident_a to_o the_o judge_n and_o inquest_n by_o ocular_a inspection_n need_v no_o further_a probation_n 96_o 2._o if_o mutilation_n be_v only_o pretend_v than_o the_o trial_n must_v be_v either_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o calumny_n of_o the_o party_n pretend_v to_o be_v mutilate_v or_o by_o witness_n or_o by_o skilful_a surgeon_n who_o must_v declare_v their_o opinion_n upon_o oath_n 97_o the_o testimony_n of_o physician_n and_o surgeon_n be_v not_o probative_a unless_o upon_o oath_n which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o dd._n and_o the_o practice_n of_o foreign_a court_n three_o case_n wherein_o they_o not_o oblige_v to_o
cap._n 24._o levit._fw-la all_o cite_v by_o johannes_n suarez_n de_fw-fr mendosa_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n aquil._n c._n 2._o in_o apparatu_fw-la n._n 6_o where_o he_o say_v plane_n haec_fw-la de_fw-la talione_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la bono_fw-mi sed_fw-la aequo_fw-la convenit_fw-la quia_fw-la in_o poenae_fw-la aequalitate_fw-la versatur_fw-la sed_fw-la nulla_fw-la esse_fw-la reperitur_fw-la quae_fw-la magis_fw-la secundum_fw-la naturam_fw-la sit_fw-la nitebatur_fw-la enim_fw-la naturali_fw-la hac_fw-la ratione_fw-la quae_fw-la aequiss_n ma_fw-fr omnibus_fw-la visa_fw-la est_fw-la nimirum_fw-la quod_fw-la inse_v patiatur_fw-la cuique_fw-la quod_fw-la fecerit_fw-la alteri_fw-la and_o again_o n._n 8._o igitur_fw-la cum_fw-la haec_fw-la lex_fw-la naturali_fw-la ratione_fw-la suffulta_fw-la sit_fw-la ind_n est_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la eâdem_fw-la lege_fw-la regebantur_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la peraeque_fw-la custodiebatur_fw-la and_o this_o answer_n exact_o to_o the_o definition_n of_o natural_a equity_n give_v by_o aristotle_n lib._n 5._o c._n 7._o where_n divide_v jus_o in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d naturale_fw-la &_o legitimum_fw-la he_o call_v naturale_fw-la quod_fw-la ubique_fw-la eandem_fw-la habet_fw-la vim_o &_o non_fw-la quia_fw-la sic_fw-la videtur_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la and_o legitimum_fw-la quod_fw-la initio_fw-la quidem_fw-la liberum_fw-la est_fw-la postquam_fw-la vero_fw-la constitutum_fw-la sit_fw-la observari_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la this_o natural_a equity_n be_v also_o assert_v by_o learned_a divine_n andrea_n rivetus_fw-la ad_fw-la exod._n 21.24_o n._n 3.4_o and_o antonius_n walaeus_n oper_n tom_n 2._o p._n 290._o col_fw-fr 2._o as_o also_o by_o soto_n tractat_fw-la de_fw-fr inst_z &_o jur_n lib._n 5._o art_n 4._o in_o the_o case_n of_o punish_v accuser_n and_o by_o episcopius_n inst_z l._n 3._o sect._n 2._o c._n 12._o the_o same_o be_v also_o maintain_v by_o farin_n prax_fw-la crim_n qu._n 16._o de_fw-la accusat_fw-la n._n 2._o and_o by_o Ê‹ander_n muelen_n p_o 2_o cue_n 15._o arg._n 3._o as_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o these_o many_o authority_n so_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o follow_a act_n of_o god_n special_a providence_n and_o vindicative_a justice_n execute_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o retaliation_n against_o heinous_a offender_n and_o notorious_a malefactor_n as_o upon_o pharaoh_n by_o drown_v he_o and_o his_o host_n in_o the_o red-sea_n in_o retaliation_n of_o the_o command_n to_o drown_v the_o male-children_n of_o israel_n exod_n 1_n 22_o in_o like_a manner_n adonibezeck_n king_n of_o bezeck_n who_o have_v cut_v off_o the_o thumb_n and_o great_a toe_n of_o 70_o canaanitish_a king_n have_v his_o own_o thumb_n and_o great_a toe_n cut_v off_o by_o the_o tribe_n of_o judah_n jud_v 1_o 6_o 7._o where_o he_o acknowledge_v the_o justice_n of_o god_n in_o this_o retaliation_n say_v as_o i_o have_v do_v so_o god_n have_v requite_v i_o and_o when_o samuel_n hew_v agag_n the_o king_n of_o the_o amalakite_n in_o piece_n before_o the_o lord_n 1_o sam._n 15_o 33_o he_o say_v unto_o he_o as_o thy_o sword_n have_v make_v woman_n childless_a so_o shall_v thy_o mother_n be_v make_v childless_a among_o woman_n these_o three_o be_v gentile_a king_n who_o can_v not_o suffer_v by_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n as_o it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o the_o jewish_a economy_n but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o natural_a equity_n we_o have_v another_o example_n of_o the_o execute_n of_o this_o law_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o natural_a equity_n even_o before_o its_o promulgation_n by_o moses_n viz_o upon_o joseph_n brethren_n they_o have_v cast_v he_o in_o a_o pit_n and_o have_v no_o regard_n to_o the_o intercession_n make_v by_o he_o or_o for_o he_o gen_n 37_o 21_o 22_o 23_o 24_o and_o he_o again_o on_o another_o occasion_n but_o with_o a_o better_a design_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o their_o intercession_n but_o cast_v they_o in_o prison_n gen._n 42.9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16_o 17._o and_o verse_n 21._o they_o acknowledge_v the_o justice_n of_o this_o retaliation_n say_v to_o one_o another_o we_o be_v very_o guilty_a concern_v our_o brother_n in_o that_o we_o see_v the_o anguish_n of_o his_o soul_n when_o he_o beseech_v we_o and_o we_o will_v not_o hear_v therefore_o be_v this_o distress_n come_v upon_o we_o arg._n 4._o the_o natural_a equity_n of_o this_o law_n be_v prove_v by_o god_n threaten_v to_o retaliat_v upon_o the_o enemy_n of_o his_o church_n in_o general_n isa_n 33.1_o when_o thou_o shall_v cease_v to_o spoil_v thou_o shall_v be_v spoil_v and_o when_o thou_o shall_v make_v a_o end_n to_o deal_v treacherous_o they_o shall_v deal_v treacherous_o with_o thou_o and_o against_o the_o chaldean_n in_o particular_a habak_v 2.8_o because_o thou_o have_v spoil_v many_o nation_n all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o people_n shall_v spoil_v thou_o and_o not_o only_o do_v god_n threaten_v the_o heathen_a nation_n but_o even_o his_o own_o people_n the_o jew_n deut._n 32.21_o yea_o even_o david_n himself_o 2_o sam._n 12.9_o 10_o 11._o sword_n for_o sword_n defilement_n for_o defilement_n and_o solomon_n tell_v we_o prov._n 21.13_o whoso_o stop_v his_o ear_n at_o the_o cry_n of_o the_o poor_a he_o also_o shall_v cry_v himself_o but_o shall_v not_o be_v hear_v a_o threaten_v worthy_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o time_n of_o scarcity_n arg._n 5._o if_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n have_v not_o be_v found_v on_o natural_a equity_n but_o have_v be_v mere_o for_o the_o state_n of_o the_o jew_n than_o it_o can_v not_o be_v obligatory_a under_o the_o gospel_n but_o it_o be_v obligatory_a as_o appear_v from_o matth._n 7.2_o with_o what_o judgement_n you_o judge_v you_o shall_v be_v judge_v and_o with_o what_o measure_v you_o meet_v it_o shall_v be_v measure_v to_o you_o again_o and_o revel_v 13.10_o he_o that_o lead_v into_o captivity_n shall_v go_v into_o captivity_n and_o he_o that_o kill_v with_o the_o sword_n must_v be_v kill_v with_o the_o sword_n and_o many_o nation_n observe_v it_o in_o particular_a case_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v object_v by_o the_o socinian_o and_o anabaptist_n follow_v they_o out_o of_o design_n to_o overturn_v the_o power_n of_o the_o christian_a magistrate_n that_o christ_n own_o word_n matth._n 5.38_o 39_o 40_o 41._o do_v abolish_v this_o law_n it_o be_v answer_v by_o rivetus_n dict_z loc_fw-la exod._n and_o by_o the_o judicious_a calvin_n by_o marlorat_n maldonat_fw-la and_o other_o on_o our_o saviour_n word_n matth._n 5.38_o etc._n etc._n and_o by_o lorinus_n in_o levit._n 24_o 19_o 20._o that_o all_o that_o christ_n intend_v be_v to_o recommend_v christian_a meekness_n and_o patience_n but_o not_o to_o wrong_v the_o power_n of_o the_o magistrate_n which_o be_v frequent_o assert_v under_o the_o gospel_n as_o tit._n 3.1_o 1_o pet._n 2.13_o and_o rom._n 13.1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5._o where_o we_o be_v command_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o superior_a power_n who_o be_v a_o terror_n not_o to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil_n and_o vers_fw-la 4._o he_o bear_v not_o the_o sword_n in_o vain_a for_o he_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n a_o revenger_n to_o execute_v wrath_n upon_o he_o that_o do_v evil_a and_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o be_v subject_n not_o for_o servile_a fear_n only_o but_o for_o conscience_n sake_n far_o calvin_n and_o rivetus_n say_v that_o chr_v intend_v to_o correct_v a_o error_n of_o the_o pharis_n es_fw-mi who_o believe_v that_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n be_v commit_v to_o every_o private_a person_n but_o maldonat_a on_o the_o text_n dissent_v from_o this_o think_v the_o pharisee_n can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o prohibition_n levit._n 19_o 17_o 18._o thou_o shall_v not_o hate_v thy_o brother_n in_o thy_o heart_n and_o thou_o shall_v not_o avenge_v or_o bear_v any_o grudge_n against_o the_o child_n of_o thy_o people_n further_o to_o show_v that_o this_o law_n be_v not_o abrogate_a under_o the_o gospel_n god_n by_o many_o act_n of_o his_o special_a providence_n have_v inflict_v the_o punishment_n of_o retaliation_n under_o the_o gospel_n as_o in_o herod_n who_o matth._n 2.16_o send_v forth_o and_o slay_v all_o the_o child_n in_o bethl_n hem_n among_o who_o he_o that_o shall_v have_v succeed_v he_o be_v also_o slay_v vid._n mâ—cr_n b._n lib._n 2._o saturn_n cap._n 4._o and_o spanhem_n his_o disquisition_n upon_o it_o d_o b._n evang_v vol._n 2._o dub_v 76._o as_o also_o the_o daughter_n of_o herodias_n who_o contrive_v the_o behead_v of_o john_n the_o baptist_n matth._n 14._o be_v as_o she_o pass_v a_o river_n behead_v by_o the_o ice_n hold_v she_o fast_o by_o the_o neck_n whilst_o her_o body_n dance_v under_o the_o water_n niceph._n lib_n 1._o histor_n cap._n 20._o and_o the_o jew_n who_o concur_v in_o the_o wicked_a crucify_a of_o our_o bless_a lord_n be_v crucify_v in_o great_a number_n daily_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o jerusalem_n by_o titus_n the_o son_n of_o vespasian_n joseph_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la
more_o agreeable_a but_o withal_o it_o deserve_v our_o observation_n that_o this_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v inflict_v with_o much_o tenderness_n and_o previous_a consideration_n and_o never_o to_o have_v place_n against_o both_o hand_n dict_z auth._n nor_o against_o the_o useful_a hand_n if_o the_o delinquent_n have_v a_o wither_a hand_n novel_a 134._o cap._n 13._o cabal_n cent._n 3._o resol_n case_z 136._o n_o 52._o &_o seqq_fw-la the_o reason_n which_o move_v justinian_n to_o this_o tenderness_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o novel_a 134._o cap._n quia_fw-la vero_fw-la to_o be_v this_o that_o a_o man_n mutilate_v of_o both_o hand_n can_v not_o serve_v himself_o to_o the_o necessity_n of_o life_n and_o therefore_o amputation_n of_o both_o hand_n be_v never_o to_o be_v inflict_v but_o when_o death_n be_v conjoin_v as_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n the_o like_a punishment_n be_v among_o the_o late_a law_n of_o saxony_n and_o other_o nation_n carpz_n prax_fw-la crim_fw-la p._n 1._o qu._n 40._o n._n 40._o &_o seqq_fw-la &_o p._n 3._o qu._n 229._o n._n 24._o but_o it_o be_v always_o conjoin_v say_v he_o with_o relegation_n to_o prevent_v quarrel_n and_o other_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v follow_v upon_o people_n shun_v the_o converse_n of_o the_o delinquent_n as_o bear_v a_o public_a mark_n of_o infamy_n on_o his_o body_n dict_z qu._n 40.45_o &_o dict_z qu._n 129._o n._n 34._o it_o be_v frequent_o use_v in_o aggravation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n as_o he_o relate_v dict_z qu._n 128._o n._n 55._o &_o seq_fw-la but_o to_o leave_v this_o uncontroverted_a point_n and_o to_o come_v to_o the_o present_a question_n viz._n if_o amputation_n of_o the_o hand_n be_v a_o punishment_n appoint_v for_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n we_o have_v a_o argument_n for_o the_o affirmative_a in_o gloss_n ad_fw-la lib._n 2._o feud_n do_fw-mi 53._o the_o pace_n tenenda_fw-la §_o homicidium_fw-la there_o it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n according_a to_o eguin_n baro_n homicidium_fw-la quoque_fw-la &_o membrorum_fw-la deminutio_fw-la vel_fw-la aliud_fw-la quodlibet_fw-la delictum_fw-la legaliter_fw-la vindicetur_fw-la upon_o which_o word_n membrorum_fw-la deminutio_fw-la the_o gloss_n in_o mark_fw-mi state_n a_o question_n membri_fw-la amputatio_fw-la qua_fw-la poena_fw-la puniatur_fw-la and_o answer_n forte_z manus_fw-la delinquentis_fw-la amputabitur_fw-la cum_fw-la pro_fw-la solo_fw-la vulnere_fw-la manus_fw-la ei_fw-la amputaretur_fw-la si_fw-la pacem_fw-la violaverit_fw-la and_o cite_v for_o this_o §_o 3._o of_o another_o constitution_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n de_fw-fr pace_fw-la tenenda_fw-la tit_n 47._o dict_z lib._n feud_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v si_fw-mi quis_fw-la alium_fw-la intra_fw-la pacis_fw-la edictum_fw-la vulneraverit_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o duello_n &_o vitam_fw-la svam_fw-la defendendo_fw-la hoc_fw-la fecerit_fw-la probaverit_fw-la manus_fw-la ei_fw-la amputaretur_fw-la the_o argument_n of_o the_o gloss_n may_v be_v form_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o amputation_n of_o the_o hand_n be_v inflict_v for_o single_a vulneration_n then_o much_o more_o for_o demembration_n but_o the_o first_o hold_v good_a and_o therefore_o the_o second_o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o proposition_n may_v be_v enforce_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o suarez_n de_fw-fr censuris_fw-la disp_n 44._o sect_n 2._o n._n 4._o where_o he_o lay_v down_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o a_o law_n though_o contain_v rigour_n may_v be_v extend_v from_o mutilation_n to_o homicide_n not_o by_o reason_n of_o similitude_n in_o the_o case_n or_o by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o lesser_a crime_n to_o the_o great_a but_o by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o a_o part_n to_o the_o whole_a include_v that_o part_n and_o subsume_v that_o homicide_n include_v mutilation_n as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o formaliter_fw-la vel_fw-la eminenter_fw-la and_o just_o so_o demembration_n or_o mutilation_n include_v wound_v and_o therefore_o the_o punishment_n of_o single_a wound_a may_v by_o consequence_n be_v extend_v to_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o mutilation_n or_o demembration_n but_o the_o argument_n as_o it_o be_v form_v will_v only_o conclude_v in_o the_o case_n where_o simple_a wound_n be_v punishable_a poenâ_fw-la amputationis_fw-la manus_fw-la by_o frederick_n constitution_n and_o that_o be_v only_o when_o the_o wound_a be_v accompany_v cum_fw-la violatione_n pacis_fw-la publicae_fw-la to_o which_o gail_n treat_v of_o this_o and_o other_o constitution_n of_o that_o nature_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-la pace_fw-la publica_fw-la cap._n 7._o &_o carpz_n dict_z qu._n 40._o n._n 1.2_o 3_o 4._o follow_v he_o require_v three_o condition_n viz._n 1._o that_o there_o be_v public_a force_n and_o great_a than_o one_o can_v resist_v 2._o that_o the_o wound_a be_v with_o arm_n by_o which_o gail_n dict_z cap._n n._n 3._o understand_v every_o hurtful_a weapon_n or_o instrument_n as_o sword_n spear_n batton_n or_o stones_n 3._o that_o there_o be_v dolus_fw-la verus_fw-la and_o a_o form_v and_o deliberate_v design_n to_o hurt_v and_o it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o simple_a wound_a in_o these_o circumstance_n may_v be_v punish_v with_o amputation_n of_o the_o hand_n which_o hold_v in_o other_o circumstantiated_a case_n ex_fw-la gr_fw-la ratione_fw-la loci_fw-la with_o respect_n to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v commit_v and_o this_o be_v clear_a from_o carpz_n dict_z qu._n 40._o n._n 30_o 31_o 34_o 35_o 36_o and_o 37._o where_o he_o show_v that_o by_o the_o law_n and_o practice_n of_o saxony_n all_o manner_n of_o hurt_v wound_v or_o invade_v be_v commit_v in_o the_o camp_n castle_n or_o palace_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o upon_o a_o public_a way_n by_o one_o lie_v in_o wait_n be_v punishable_a poenâ_fw-la amputationis_fw-la manus_fw-la and_o baker_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n ad_fw-la annum_fw-la 1541._o show_n the_o same_o to_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o that_o kingdom_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v within_o the_o verge_n of_o the_o king_n court._n in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o law_n of_o many_o place_n of_o italy_n a_o wound_v give_v in_o the_o face_n leave_v a_o cicatrice_n be_v punishable_a by_o loss_n of_o the_o hand_n cabal_n dict_z case_z 134._o n._n 1._o and_o n._n 31._o he_o relate_v a_o decision_n to_o this_o purpose_n of_o the_o magna_fw-la curia_fw-la vicaria_fw-la against_o dominicus_n feretta_n who_o have_v wound_v a_o young_a boy_n in_o the_o face_n but_o i_o remember_v no_o law_n or_o decision_n ordain_v simple_a wound_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o amputation_n of_o the_o hand_n out_o of_o these_o circumstantiated_a case_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n and_o practice_n of_o this_o kingdom_n nor_o in_o any_o other_o case_n in_o our_o law_n except_o what_o i_o mention_v n._n 9_o supra_fw-la where_o person_n adjudge_v to_o death_n for_o atrocious_a crime_n be_v sentence_v to_o have_v a_o hand_n cut_v off_o in_o aggravation_n of_o the_o punishment_n as_o in_o several_a other_o case_n mention_v by_o carpz_n dict_z p._n 3._o q._n 128._o n._n 55._o 56._o 57_o et_fw-la seqq_fw-la which_o be_v inflict_v sometime_o immediate_o before_o death_n or_o immediate_o thereafter_o as_o the_o crime_n deserve_v i_o find_v indeed_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n viz._n act_n 18._o parl._n 1_o act_n 88_o parl._n 6._o act_n 248._o parl._n 15._o act_n 6._o parl._n 16._o ja._n 6._o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o certain_a offensive_a weapon_n therein_o mention_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o cut_v off_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o first_o of_o they_o proceed_v upon_o a_o narrative_a that_o many_o of_o the_o subject_n have_v be_v murder_v and_o slay_v who_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v assault_v with_o such_o weapon_n may_v have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v defend_v themselves_o but_o the_o last_o of_o these_o act_n contain_v a_o provision_n that_o if_o the_o action_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o secret_a council_n the_o delinquent_n shall_v not_o incur_v the_o corporal_a punishment_n but_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o imprisonment_n escheat_n of_o good_n or_o by_o fyne_a without_o prejudice_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o former_a act_n against_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o king_n justice_n which_o be_v insert_v as_o a_o cautela_fw-la for_o prevent_v the_o inflict_a of_o the_o corporal_a punishment_n because_o it_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o option_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n to_o pursue_v before_o themselves_o and_o according_o all_o such_o pursuit_n have_v be_v bring_v before_o they_o &_o not_o before_o the_o justice_n that_o so_o a_o pecunial_a mulct_n may_v be_v inflict_v instead_o of_o corporal_a punishment_n because_o the_o council_n do_v not_o inflict_v poenam_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la that_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o king_n justice_n by_o which_o its_o evident_a that_o amputation_n of_o the_o hand_n have_v be_v insert_v in_o these_o act_n ad_fw-la terrorem_fw-la only_o we_o have_v indeed_o a_o ancient_a