sum_n and_o so_o be_v no_o more_o debtor_n and_o can_v expect_v no_o advantage_n and_o so_o the_o fear_n of_o perjury_n cease_v and_o as_o to_o the_o foresay_a seven_o act_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v only_o make_v not_o to_o exclude_v the_o debtor_n absolute_o but_o to_o correct_v the_o 257._o act_n 15._o p._n k._n i._n 6._o whereby_o the_o oath_n of_o party_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v receivable_a as_o decisive_a of_o the_o cause_n as_o to_o other_o witness_n our_o ordinary_a distinction_n be_v that_o paction_n in_o usury_n be_v either_o extrinsic_a to_o the_o bond_n or_o write_v as_o be_v the_o take_a bud_n or_o bribe_v for_o continue_v a_o sum_n and_o these_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o witness_n albeit_o by_o the_o foresay_a 7._o act._n it_o be_v say_v that_o usury_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n and_o witness_n insert_v but_o paction_n which_o concern_v the_o writ_n itself_o as_o that_o whereby_o more_o be_v promise_v then_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o bond_n these_o can_v be_v prove_v but_o by_o the_o witness_n insert_v for_o else_o write_v may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n as_o to_o oath_n of_o party_n it_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a act_n against_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o law_n by_o which_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la jurare_fw-la in_o svam_fw-la turpitudinem_fw-la and_o the_o justice_n according_o do_v force_v the_o panel_n to_o swear_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n above_o cite_v but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o act_n shall_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o civil_a and_o not_o criminal_a case_n for_o that_o act_n say_v that_o litiscontestation_n be_v make_v it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o receive_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o litiscontestation_n in_o criminal_n go_v this_o act_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o these_o case_n vii_o usury_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o the_o proper_a product_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pecuniae_fw-la but_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n it_o be_v punish_v and_o most_o lawyer_n think_v it_o may_v be_v punish_v criminal_o decius_n consil._n 130._o and_o it_o be_v call_v crimen_fw-la utriusque_fw-la fori_fw-la because_o it_o be_v punishable_a civil_o and_o ecclesiastical_o the_o pain_n of_o usury_n with_o we_o be_v that_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o his_o obligation_n or_o have_v back_o his_o pledge_n or_o if_o the_o debtor_n conceal_v than_o the_o revealer_n shall_v have_v right_a to_o the_o sum_n act_n 222._o k._n i._n 6._o par._n 14._o and_o by_o the_o 248_o act_n p._n 15._o k._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o usurary_n bond_n or_o contract_n shall_v be_v reduce_v and_o be_v reduce_v the_o sum_n shall_v belong_v to_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o donator_n and_o the_o party_n to_o have_v repetition_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n pay_v by_o he_o in_o case_n only_o he_o concur_v with_o the_o donator_n in_o the_o reduction_n title_n xxv_o the_o dribe_v partiality_n and_o negligence_n of_o judge_n 1._o what_o be_v bribe_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o what_o by_o our_o law_n and_o how_o our_o law_n punish_v it_o 3._o crimen_fw-la repecundarum_fw-la &_o barratriae_fw-la 4._o whether_o arbiter_n deligat_n or_o assessor_n be_v punishable_a for_o take_v bribe_n 5._o how_o negligent_a judge_n be_v punishable_a it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o make_v good_a law_n if_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o be_v not_o commit_v to_o just_a and_o diligent_a person_n as_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v a_o exact_a balance_n if_o that_o balance_n be_v not_o put_v in_o a_o good_a hand_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o law_n have_v be_v very_o liberal_a of_o its_o privilege_n to_o just_a judge_n and_o severe_a in_o punish_v such_o as_o offend_v they_o so_o it_o have_v punish_v with_o the_o same_o rigour_n such_o judge_n as_o transgress_v either_o by_o bribe_v negligence_n or_o partiality_n which_o be_v three_o distinct_a species_n forbid_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o we_o i._o bribe_v be_v the_o take_n of_o money_n or_o other_o good_a deed_n either_o for_o do_v of_o justice_n or_o commit_v of_o unjustice_n there_o be_v indeed_o some_o lawyer_n who_o think_v that_o a_o judge_n take_v money_n in_o a_o civil_a cause_n to_o do_v justice_n do_v not_o thereby_o commit_v a_o crime_n but_o be_v only_o liable_a to_o restitution_n menoch_n 2._o arb._n 342._o n._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v express_o contrary_a to_o sound_v reason_n since_o if_o take_v upon_o any_o term_n be_v allow_v the_o law_n may_v be_v elude_v and_o judge_n will_v be_v thereby_o tempt_v not_o only_o to_o take_v bribe_n but_o to_o take_v pain_n to_o justify_v what_o they_o have_v do_v but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o this_o opinion_n be_v neither_o prove_v per_fw-la l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr l._n jul_a repetund_a for_o there_o it_o be_v not_o only_o say_v non_fw-la excipiet_fw-la quo_fw-la magis_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la quid_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la svo_fw-la fecerit_fw-la which_o prohibit_v only_o a_o excess_n in_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o do_v justice_n for_o money_n nor_o perl_n 3._o c._n eod_a since_o that_o law_n do_v only_o in_o the_o general_n forbid_v the_o take_n of_o money_n but_o this_o be_v express_o forbid_v l._n 2._o §_o 2_o ff_n de_fw-mi condict_v obturp_v cause_n where_o it_o be_v declare_v a_o crime_n but_o the_o punishment_n there_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v litem_fw-la svam_fw-la facere_fw-la and_o skeen_n ad_fw-la stat._n 25._o wil._n say_v that_o non_fw-la licet_fw-la judici_fw-la vendere_fw-la judicium_fw-la justum_fw-la ii_o by_o our_o law_n the_o king_n judge_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n upon_o what_o they_o have_v do_v as_o judge_n and_o if_o they_o be_v convict_v they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o fault_n cap._n 13._o stat._n rob._n 2._o and_o the_o judge_n of_o inferior_a court_n such_o as_o regality_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v either_o culpable_a or_o remiss_a they_o be_v to_o escheat_n their_o moveable_n and_o their_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v or_o in_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o regality_n cap._n 14._o ibid._n and_o by_o the_o 26._o act_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 5._o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o officer_n of_o fee_n that_o be_v to_o say_v any_o heritable_a officer_n be_v to_o be_v put_v from_o his_o office_n for_o three_o year_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a and_o a_o ordinary_a judge_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a lose_v his_o office_n forever_o and_o though_o his_o person_n be_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o king_n will_n and_o the_o pay_v of_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v be_v only_o add_v to_o the_o punishment_n express_v against_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o heritable_a yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o be_v add_v in_o the_o last_o place_n it_o be_v applicable_a both_o to_o the_o heritable_a judge_n and_o other_o likeas_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o by_o all_o these_o act_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n be_v only_o express_v to_o be_v the_o judge_n competent_a yet_o the_o practica_fw-la the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a if_o partiality_n be_v commit_v in_o any_o criminal_a cause_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o sheriff_n shall_v execute_v any_o panel_n upon_o a_o crime_n prove_v only_o against_o he_o by_o the_o pursuer_n brother_n or_o other_o inhabile_fw-la witness_n or_o upon_o a_o libel_n which_o be_v palpable_o irrelevant_a in_o these_o and_o in_o such_o other_o criminal_a case_n the_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o council_n will_v be_v only_a judge_n competent_a nor_o be_v partiality_n in_o civil_a case_n a_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n though_o it_o be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n paena_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la and_o by_o resound_v of_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o foresay_a law_n strike_v only_o against_o partiality_n in_o general_a but_o bribe_v be_v express_o discharge_v by_o the_o 25._o chap._n stat._n k._n william_n but_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n there_o express_v and_o therefore_o skeen_n add_v in_o his_o observation_n the_o punishment_n of_o l._n 1._o cum_fw-la aut_fw-la hent_n c._n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la judic_fw-la and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 22._o chap._n 1._o stat._n rob._n 1._o all_o judge_n be_v forbid_v to_o take_v land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o to_o champart_n either_o for_o give_v defer_v or_o prolong_v of_o justice_n and_o the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n for_o all_o their_o life_n champart_n be_v a_o french_a word_n signify_v part_n du_fw-fr champ_n a_o part_n of_o any_o land_n so_o that_o by_o a_o metaphor_n the_o take_v any_o part_n of_o the_o
and_o thus_o a_o assithment_n modify_v by_o the_o justice_n be_v exorbitant_a the_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n do_v lessen_v the_o sum_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v because_o they_o find_v this_o case_n to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v corporal_a punishment_n the_o 16._o of_o december_n 1664._o inn_n contra_fw-la forbes_n vii_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1555._o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_n to_o the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o criminal_a process_n which_o dependence_n be_v declare_v to_o continue_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n till_o the_o complete_a execution_n of_o the_o decreet_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi commit_v the_o say_a crime_n shall_v for_o ever_o loss_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a be_v to_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o plea._n the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n be_v convict_v before_o any_o competent_a judge_n in_o criminal_o without_o any_o probation_n except_o summar_v cognition_n to_o be_v take_v by_o conviction_n or_o put_v the_o committer_n to_o the_o horn_n and_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n by_o this_o act_n the_o committer_n loss_n his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o after_o denounciation_n without_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o give_v of_o counsel_n be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o this_o crime_n this_o act_n be_v to_o continue_v only_o for_o three_o year_n and_o be_v prorogat_n for_o seven_o year_n by_o the_o 138._o act_n parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o and_o be_v thereafter_o make_v perpertual_a by_o the_o 219._o act_n 14._o parl._n ja._n 6._o i_o have_v oft_o see_v process_n intent_a upon_o this_o act_n before_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a albeit_o not_o observe_v that_o cognition_n be_v first_o take_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o other_o criminal_a and_o competent_a judge_n yet_o without_o this_o process_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o prima_fw-la instantià _fw-la but_o this_o defence_n be_v not_o there_o allege_v and_o process_n be_v sustain_v albeit_o no_o effusion_n of_o blood_n follow_v the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1662._o harper_n against_o hamiltoun_n where_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v summary_o receive_v probation_n of_o it_o themselves_o or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o justice_n for_o which_o doubt_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o great_a ground_n because_o by_o the_o act_n foresay_a the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o sleiche_n case_n 1673._o it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a the_o earl_n of_o niddisdale_n pursue_v the_o tenant_n of_o duncow_n february_n 1672._o they_o allege_v absolvitur_fw-la because_o the_o earl_n have_v beat_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v send_v to_o execute_v a_o summons_n at_o their_o instance_n against_o he_o at_o least_o he_o have_v give_v order_n to_o beat_v they_o or_o ratihabit_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o the_o beat_v some_o of_o they_o can_v only_o find_v a_o exception_n to_o such_o as_o be_v beat_v and_o this_o the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a though_o the_o summons_n execute_v be_v for_o a_o common_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n those_o who_o be_v beat_v represent_v all_o the_o pursuer_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o order_n to_o beat_v they_o be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la for_o though_o a_o crime_n ordinary_o in_o a_o criminal_a court_n be_v probable_a pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la yet_o here_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la effectum_fw-la it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o prove_v for_o else_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a and_o ancient_a heritage_n may_v ofttimes_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n since_o process_n depend_v may_v extend_v to_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a estate_n 3._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o ratihabition_n or_o any_o deed_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la do_v not_o infer_v the_o contravention_n of_o this_o act_n which_o require_v explicit_a deed_n as_o beat_v bleed_a etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n before_o answer_v to_o these_o two_o last_o alledgiance_n ordain_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v before_o answer_v for_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o violence_n commit_v against_o they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o the_o one_o party_n beat_v the_o other_o be_v force_v thereto_o by_o self-defence_n the_o striker_n will_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v find_v the_o last_o of_o january_n 1673._o john_n sliech_n against_o swintoun_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o certification_n of_o this_o act_n do_v reach_v such_o as_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o pursuit_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o respect_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n and_o that_o the_o act_n shall_v only_o reach_v such_o as_o pursue_v action_n before_o they_o for_o to_o lose_v the_o whole_a pley_n be_v too_o great_a a_o punishment_n for_o a_o incident_a riot_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o one_o weir_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o slaughter_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n 1591._o he_o allege_v he_o be_v absolve_v by_o a_o rolment_n of_o court_n at_o aberdene_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o further_a trial_n which_o reply_n found_v upon_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a rescript_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o past_a council_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o king_n private_a warrant_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a though_o i_o think_v it_o irregular_a that_o ludwharn_n have_v raise_v in_o anno_fw-la 1596._o a_o pursuit_n against_o momat_n and_o other_o for_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n without_o a_o lawful_a warrant_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o lord_n complain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n as_o leiutennent_n of_o the_o north_n intend_v to_o repledge_a whereas_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o cumulative_a with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o letter_n from_o his_o majesty_n ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v wherefore_o he_o crave_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v be_v command_v to_o proceed_v which_o petition_n be_v grant_v viii_o albeit_o regulariter_fw-la the_o parliament_n or_o council_n grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o appear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v panel_v before_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o warrant_n in_o balmerinochs_n case_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o he_o and_o see_v advocat_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o application_n be_v make_v to_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o find_v that_o when_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v appoint_v assessor_n in_o criminal_a case_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o warrant_v also_o from_o the_o lord_n for_o sit_v there_o as_o in_o tosh_n case_n 1637._o title_n ix_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n extend_v to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o flood-mark_a 2._o our_o admiral_n have_v execute_v pirate_n 3._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o apprehend_v pirate_n to_o execute_v they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o ocean_n or_o when_o judge_n refuse_v 4._o any_o nation_n may_v judge_v pirate_n 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o admiral_n 1._o the_o lord_n high_a aâ—miral_n and_o his_o depute_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o unprint_v statute_n with_o we_o the_o admiral_n be_v competent_a in_o all_o controversy_n action_n and_o quarrel_n concern_v crime_n fault_n and_o trespass_n upon_o sea_n or_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o flow_v or_o ebb_n vid._n ship-law_n correct_v by_o balfour_n do_fw-mi admiral_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 2._o our_o learned_a countryman_n king_n in_o his_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v say_v admirans_fw-la habet_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la potest_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la exequi_fw-la imperare_fw-la judices_fw-la dane_n coercere_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la in_o facineroso_n animadvertere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la contraversiis_fw-la marinis_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la
blame_v who_o do_v not_o either_o preveen_n or_o repledge_a baily_n of_o regality_n may_v likewise_o repledge_a from_o the_o king_n lieutenent_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 19_o of_o august_n 1596._o and_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o annexation_n and_o likewise_o from_o any_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o council_n as_o be_v find_v in_o may_n 1568._o and_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o riot_n and_o blood_n as_o be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n july_n 1617._o though_o these_o cause_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n and_o require_v summar_n and_o unexpensive_a cognition_n seem_v to_o require_v easy_a and_o less_o solemn_a trial_n in_o the_o procedor_fw-la than_o repledgiation_n will_v allow_v and_o yet_o by_o c._n 11._o the_o appell_n i_o find_v that_o licebat_fw-la in_o remimina_fw-la appellare_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o party_n injure_v complain_v since_o they_o may_v have_v make_v their_o application_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n nor_o shall_v their_o error_n prejudge_v his_o jurisdiction_n vii_o the_o manner_n of_o repledgiation_n from_o any_o court_n be_v that_o either_o the_o party_n himself_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o repledge_v or_o some_o other_o have_v a_o procurator_n from_o he_o compear_v and_o produce_v his_o charter_n of_o erection_n from_o the_o production_n of_o the_o seize_v be_v not_o sufficient_a see_v that_o be_v but_o assertio_fw-la notarii_fw-la yet_o sometime_o without_o production_n of_o the_o charter_n repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v because_o it_o be_v notour_n that_o the_o repledger_n have_v a_o regality_n as_o in_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_z case_n 1637._o as_o also_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v upon_o production_n of_o the_o criminal_a register_n bear_v that_o it_o be_v former_o sustain_v to_o the_o same_o person_n may_v 1668._o arducaple_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o highland_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o production_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regality_n retour_fw-fr will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o instruct_v that_o he_o have_v a_o regality_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o shall_v since_o a_o retour_fw-fr be_v a_o sentence_n and_o so_o be_v a_o sufficient_a instruction_n till_o it_o be_v reduce_v he_o who_o offer_v to_o repledge_a must_v find_v caution_n of_o culrach_n to_o do_v justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n upon_o the_o person_n who_o he_o repledge_v and_o if_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o he_o be_v repledged_a do_v not_o justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n he_o tine_v his_o court_n as_o we_o call_v it_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o the_o culrach_n for_o so_o the_o cautioner_n be_v call_v who_o have_v upon_o his_o become_a cautioner_n borrow_v the_o defender_n be_v in_o a_o unlaw_n and_o the_o judge_n from_o who_o he_o be_v borrow_v or_o repledged_a may_v proceed_v to_o do_v justice_n as_o former_o skeen_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n the_o panel_n likewise_o who_o be_v repledged_a must_v find_v caution_n for_o his_o own_o appearance_n before_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n to_o under_o the_o law_n for_o the_o crime_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n the_o 16._o of_o may_v 1599_o patrick_n m_n ckalla_o against_o the_o regality_n of_o lennox_n no_o person_n can_v be_v repledged_a except_o he_o be_v present_a at_o the_o court_n from_o which_o he_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a for_o a_o party_n who_o be_v absent_a can_v find_v caution_n to_o sist_z himself_o before_o the_o court_n to_o which_o he_o be_v repledged_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o armstrong_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o murder_v some_o customer_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a by_o the_o earl_n of_o annandale_n anno_fw-la 1666._o nor_o can_v a_o person_n be_v repledged_a after_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o he_o for_o this_o be_v recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la it_o must_v be_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la propon_v dum_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la integra_fw-la viii_o when_o regality_n be_v erect_v there_o be_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n express_v therein_o and_o though_o that_o burgh_n may_v choose_v baily_n yet_o the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n have_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o those_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n of_o regality_n in_o that_o same_o way_n that_o other_o superior_n retain_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o their_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 24._o of_o january_n 1668._o betwixt_o the_o bailie_n of_o killimure_n and_o the_o burgh_n thereof_o this_o burgh_n be_v oblige_v to_o maintain_v a_o sufficient_a prison_n not_o only_o for_o criminal_n but_o for_o debtor_n by_o the_o 273._o act_n 15._o parl._n ja._n 6._o and_o all_o caption_n bear_v the_o letter_n to_o be_v direct_a to_o baily_n of_o regality_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o by_o that_o act_n these_o burgh_n seem_v only_o to_o be_v oblige_v to_o entertain_v prisoner_n where_o there_o be_v provost_n baily_n and_o common-good_a nota_fw-la that_o these_o word_n of_o that_o act_n by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o stewart_n and_o baily_n of_o regality_n be_v ill_o print_v for_o the_o word_n to_o shall_v be_v or_o the_o lord_n likewise_o decide_v thus_o against_o the_o baily_n of_o regality_n the_o 7._o of_o july_n 1668._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la callender_n in_o this_o burgh_n all_o court_n must_v be_v hold_v yet_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o compear_v at_o any_o other_o place_n within_o the_o regality_n to_o which_o they_o be_v express_o cite_v as_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o case_n the_o 16._o of_o march_n 1622._o or_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v in_o use_n to_o hold_v his_o court_n else_o where_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n without_o interruption_n the_o vassal_n or_o any_o other_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v thereat_o though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o place_n design_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o erection_n as_o had._n observe_v december_n 1624._o and_o if_o the_o party_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a dwell_v within_o the_o regality_n the_o time_n of_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n the_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o be_v accuse_v he_o be_v remove_v without_o the_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 21._o of_o november_n 1632._o in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o weems_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a to_o the_o regality_n of_o methwen_n lord_n of_o regality_n be_v oblige_v to_o hold_v justice-court_n twice_o a_o year_n 3._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o act._n 5._o and_o if_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o cause_v rest_n and_o steal_a good_n be_v restore_v the_o sheriff_n may_v fulfil_v their_o place_n act_n 11._o parl._n 15._o ja._n 2._o and_o when_o erection_n fall_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o may_v be_v justify_v id_fw-la est_fw-la judge_v by_o the_o justice_n act_n 26._o par._n 6._o k._n i._n 6_o but_o this_o act_n can_v only_o take_v place_n till_o a_o stewart_n or_o bailie_n be_v appoint_v for_o regulariter_fw-la the_o king_n own_o stewart_n of_o regality_n may_v repledge_v from_o the_o justice_n a_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v fit_v himself_o in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o must_v administer_v by_o a_o bailie_n who_o be_v sometime_o admit_v by_o a_o simple_a commission_n during_o his_o life_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v heritable_a bailie_n which_o right_o pass_v by_o infestment_n but_o this_o bailie_n be_v in_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v proper_o call_v the_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n though_o sometime_o the_o king_n depute_n in_o regality_n be_v likewise_o call_v baily_n as_o in_o the_o 5._o act._n 3._o parl._n k_o i._n 2._o ix_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v cite_v witness_n without_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o they_o must_v have_v letter_n of_o supplement_n for_o that_o office_n though_o general_o they_o may_v proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n that_o the_o justice-general_n do_v but_o they_o may_v exact_v caution_n to_o enter_v as_o law-will_a from_o the_o defender_n after_o sentence_n be_v give_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 7._o of_o october_n 1668._o betwixt_o mr._n john_n prestoun_n and_o mr._n john_n pape_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a privilege_n than_o the_o justice_n have_v who_o can_v present_o exact_v caution_n of_o any_o person_n for_o pay_v a_o unlaw_n but_o can_v only_o raise_v letter_n of_o horning_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o adjournal_n the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v right_a to_o the_o single_a escheat_n of_o rebel_n live_v within_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o also_o to_o the_o escheat_n of_o all_o person_n condemn_v for_o crime_n commit_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n albeit_o condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n from_o which_o general_a rule_n hope_v in_o his_o lesser_a practic_n except_v only_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o exception_n may_v not_o be_v likewise_o make_v of_o all_o other_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n see_v the_o lord_n
be_v probable_a 3_o the_o nature_n and_o punishment_n of_o it_o in_o scotland_n 4_o baratry_n ecclesiastic_a 5_o baratry_n civil_a simony_n be_v the_o sell_v or_o buy_v any_o church_n office_n cupiditas_fw-la emendi_fw-la aut_fw-la vendendi_fw-la aliquid_fw-la spiritual_fw-la aut_fw-la spirituali_fw-la annexum_fw-la so_o call_v from_o simon_n magus_n who_o offer_v to_o buy_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n and_o the_o canonist_n teach_v that_o it_o be_v simony_n to_o paction_n for_o any_o advantage_n in_o administrate_v the_o sacrament_n but_o not_o to_o take_v reward_n after_o they_o have_v administrate_n they_o ii_o in_o this_o crime_n infamous_a person_n whoor_n and_o other_o witness_n who_o be_v not_o habiles_fw-la or_o at_o least_o who_o be_v not_o omni_n exceptione_n majores_fw-la be_v here_o receivable_a cap._n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr simon_n because_o it_o be_v ordinary_o carry_v on_o with_o much_o privacy_n and_o clandestine_v deal_v for_o which_o reason_n likewise_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n it_o be_v crimen_fw-la mere_a ecclesiasticum_fw-la and_o can_v be_v punish_v by_o laic_n the_o punishment_n be_v depravation_n iii_o with_o we_o simony_n be_v once_o mention_v and_o that_o be_v act_n 1_o par._n 21._o ja._n 6._o wherein_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o if_o the_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n deprehend_v that_o the_o person_n who_o be_v present_v have_v make_v any_o simonaical_a paction_n with_o the_o patron_n whereby_o he_o have_v so_o hurt_v the_o benefice_n as_o that_o he_o have_v not_o reserve_v a_o sufficient_a maintenance_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n suitable_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o benefice_n that_o the_o bishop_n may_v refuse_v the_o presentation_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v judge_n to_o any_o debate_n arise_v betwixt_o the_o bishop_n patron_n and_o person_n upon_o that_o account_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o it_o be_v employ_v and_o tacit_o acknowledge_v that_o simony_n be_v a_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n see_v this_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o branch_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v that_o what_o ever_o be_v punish_v as_o simony_n by_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v punishable_a with_o we_o and_o that_o a_o minister_n or_o other_o beneficed_a person_n who_o bargain_n or_o transact_v with_o any_o to_o get_v they_o a_o church_n or_o benefice_n and_o give_v or_o promise_v money_n therefore_o be_v punishable_a even_o by_o our_o law_n 2._o that_o by_o this_o act_n a_o paction_n whereby_o the_o incumbent_n reserve_v to_o himself_o a_o competency_n suitable_a to_o the_o benefice_n be_v not_o simony_n and_o what_o this_o conpetencie_n be_v be_v leave_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o judge_n because_o it_o be_v not_o determine_v 3._o that_o this_o crime_n be_v probable_a with_o we_o by_o oath_n because_o of_o its_o clandestine_v convoyance_n as_o say_v be_v by_o the_o stat._n eliz._n 31._o the_o person_n commit_v simony_n be_v declare_v uncapable_a to_o enjoy_v that_o ecclesiastic_a office_n iv._o baratry_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o simony_n socinus_n reg_fw-la 55._o bald._n part_n 5._o consil._n 21._o which_o with_o we_o be_v commit_v by_o these_o who_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o buy_v benefice_n without_o licence_n from_o the_o chancellor_n or_o their_o ordinar_n i._o 1._o p._n 7._o cap._n 106._o the_o pain_n of_o it_o be_v banishment_n and_o never_o to_o bruik_v honour_n or_o employment_n for_o the_o future_a within_o the_o kingdom_n this_o word_n come_v from_o the_o italian_a word_n baratry_n which_o signify_v corrupt_v of_o judge_n for_o our_o law_n presume_v that_o these_o who_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o get_v a_o benefice_n design_v to_o get_v it_o by_o corruption_n but_o though_o barater_n be_v call_v canpone_n beneficiorum_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n as_o craig_n observe_v pag._n 371._o yet_o our_o king_n be_v of_o old_a very_o submissive_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n dare_v not_o direct_o at_o first_o forbid_v application_n to_o rome_n but_o do_v only_o forbid_v the_o carry_v abroad_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n know_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v there_o without_o money_n but_o thereafter_o this_o crime_n grow_v great_a the_o parliament_n do_v by_o the_o 84._o cap._n p._n 6._o i._o 3._o forbid_v express_o the_o go_n to_o rome_n to_o purchase_v benefice_n or_o to_o be_v its_o collector_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o be_v demean_v as_o traitor_n and_o never_o to_o bruik_v benefice_n or_o use_v worship_n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 53._o act_n 5._o p._n i._n 4._o but_o though_o the_o punishment_n be_v that_o of_o treason_n by_o these_o act_n yet_o by_o the_o 2._o act_n 1_o p._n i._n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o baratry_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v prescription_n banishment_n and_o never_o to_o bruik_v honour_n nor_o office_n within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o application_n to_o rome_n be_v punishable_a as_o baratry_n this_o act_n be_v after_o the_o reformation_n and_o by_o this_o last_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o baratry_n may_v be_v punish_v either_o by_o the_o justice_n or_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o upon_o this_o act_n james_n archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n be_v exauctorate_v after_o the_o reformation_n for_o go_v to_o rome_n v._o the_o son_n of_o noble_a man_n and_o other_o pass_v to_o school_n beyond_o sea_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n be_v also_o say_v to_o commit_v baratry_a i._n 6._o p._n 6._o cap._n 71._o and_o the_o council_n use_v to_o ordain_v noble_a man_n who_o breed_v their_o child_n abroad_o in_o popish_a school_n to_o bring_v they_o home_o under_o a_o great_a fine_a as_o they_o do_v late_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o mordingtoun_n and_o semple_n in_o anno_fw-la 1668._o before_o which_o act_n also_o all_o laic_n go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o licence_n from_o the_o chancellor_n commit_v baratry_n i._o 4._o p._n 5._o cap._n 53._o and_o though_o craig_n debate_v pag._n 371._o whether_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o treason_n because_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n cap._n 84._o pa._n 6._o i._o 3._o yet_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o this_o punishment_n be_v restrict_v by_o the_o act_n 2._o p._n 1._o i._o 1._o to_o the_o be_v declare_v incapable_a of_o trust_n and_o banishment_n this_o prohibition_n of_o laic_n go_v abroad_o be_v first_o at_o carthage_n and_o be_v now_o in_o vigour_n at_o naples_n and_o many_o other_o place_n and_o though_o it_o be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n at_o least_o be_v not_o punish_v except_o in_o privy_a counsellor_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o any_o shall_v say_v that_o this_o crime_n take_v only_a place_n in_o vassal_n hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n for_o the_o act_n be_v general_a and_o yet_o merchant_n be_v warrant_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n to_o traffic_n abroad_o and_o so_o fall_v not_o under_o this_o prohibition_n title_n vi_o treason_n laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la 1_o treason_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o perduellion_n and_o laese-majestie_n 2_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o perduellion_n and_o laese-majestie_n 3_o treason_n with_o we_o may_v be_v divide_v in_o perduellion_n laese-majestie_n and_o statutory_a treason_n 4_o the_o nature_n of_o perduellion_n or_o rise_v in_o arm_n which_o be_v the_o first_o species_n of_o treason_n 5_o the_o second_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n 6_o the_o three_o be_v the_o recept_v such_o as_o have_v commit_v treason_n 7_o the_o four_o be_v to_o hold_v out_o house_n against_o the_o king_n 8_o the_o five_o be_v to_o assail_v castle_n where_o the_o king_n reside_v 9_o the_o six_o be_v to_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host._n 10_o the_o seven_o be_v to_o trouble_v any_o who_o kill_v a_o declare_a traitor_n 11_o the_o eight_o be_v to_o impugn_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n 12_o the_o nine_o be_v to_o decline_v the_o king_n or_o council_n authority_n 13_o the_o ten_o be_v to_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v treason_n 14_o the_o eleven_o be_v to_o desert_n the_o king_n host._n 15_o the_o twelve_o be_v to_o deny_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n in_o call_v and_o dissolve_v parliament_n 16_o how_o the_o kill_a counsellor_n be_v punishable_a 17_o the_o several_a branch_n of_o statutory_a treason_n 18_o to_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n if_o the_o accuse_v be_v assoilzy_v be_v treason_n 19_o treason_n be_v not_o baleable_a 20_o summons_n of_o treason_n ought_v to_o be_v execute_v by_o herald_n 21_o whether_o less_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a in_o treason_n then_o in_o other_o crime_n 22_o treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v after_o the_o committer_n death_n 23_o traitor_n may_v be_v forefault_v in_o absence_n 24_o how_o disobey_v the_o king_n be_v punishable_a 25_o the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n in_o general_n unhappy_a
punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v accuse_v and_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o taedio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vel_fw-la doloris_fw-la impatientia_fw-la for_o the_o first_o they_o punish_v as_o murder_n but_o the_o last_o they_o favour_v with_o a_o lesser_a punishment_n nay_o and_o in_o the_o primitive_a church_n many_o for_o make_v themselves_o away_o to_o evite_v thereby_o idolatry_n or_o pollution_n have_v be_v account_v as_o martyr_n thus_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o adauctus_n have_v kill_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v deflower_v it_o be_v doubt_v if_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v number_v among_o the_o martyr_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cedren_n pag._n 220._o and_o the_o like_a story_n be_v report_v by_o euseb._n lib._n 8._o cap._n 17._o of_o a_o noble_a lady_n who_o be_v bring_v to_o maxentius_n but_o our_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o such_o pretext_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o colour_v all_o base_a design_n and_o allow_v none_o to_o be_v their_o own_o judge_n have_v make_v no_o such_o distinction_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n dobbie_n cite_v by_o craig_n diage_n de_fw-fr regal_a and_o to_o allow_v this_o be_v to_o feed_v despair_n and_o to_o make_v patience_n and_o long-suffering_a to_o be_v no_o virtue_n ii_o yet_o furiosity_n and_o madness_n aught_o to_o defend_v against_o all_o punishment_n in_o this_o case_n since_o a_o furious_a person_n have_v no_o will_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o the_o will_n be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o crime_n nor_o shall_v they_o be_v more_o punish_v then_o infant_n be_v to_o who_o the_o law_n compare_v they_o fury_n also_o defend_v against_o treason_n blasphemy_n and_o heresy_n which_o be_v more_o atrocious_a crime_n than_o self-murder_n &_o facti_fw-la infelicitas_fw-la furiosum_fw-la defendere_fw-la dicitur_fw-la l._n infans_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n corn._n de_fw-fr sic_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o can_v well_o understand_v wherefore_o in_o dobby_n case_n as_o craig_n relate_v it_o the_o lord_n repel_v the_o defence_n of_o furiosity_n and_o find_v that_o even_o furious_a person_n ought_v to_o lose_v their_o movable_n if_o they_o kill_v themselves_o but_o i_o think_v the_o fury_n there_o have_v not_o be_v strong_o qualify_v and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v but_o a_o species_n of_o melancholy_n for_o the_o reason_n give_v for_o that_o decision_n be_v because_o the_o lord_n think_v no_o man_n will_v kill_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v not_o distract_v and_o so_o it_o distraction_n can_v defend_v such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o against_o confiscation_n of_o their_o movable_n it_o will_v defend_v all_o who_o kill_v themselves_o and_o so_o the_o law_n shall_v have_v no_o effect_n but_o this_o must_v be_v interpret_v of_o some_o degree_n of_o madness_n for_o sure_o no_o man_n kill_v himself_o except_o he_o who_o be_v somewhat_o mad_a nor_o do_v hypochondric_n fit_n or_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o madness_n defend_v against_o this_o confiscation_n but_o a_o total_a aberration_n from_o reason_n can_v but_o defend_v which_o be_v also_o clear_a from_o the_o law_n of_o england_n bolton_n cap._n 11._o lib._n 1._o and_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o must_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o various_a circumstance_n which_o attend_v such_o disease_n and_o from_o the_o declaration_n of_o physician_n who_o wait_v upon_o they_o whether_o one_o who_o be_v mad_a but_o have_v lucid_a interval_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v kill_v himself_o in_o his_o madness_n or_o lucid_a interval_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o depend_v much_o upon_o circumstance_n but_o since_o none_o use_v to_o kill_v themselves_o except_o under_o some_o distemper_n so_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o humane_a to_o refer_v this_o kill_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o hour_n of_o madness_n except_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o killer_n use_v even_o in_o his_o lucid_a interval_n to_o wish_v he_o be_v dead_a or_o to_o commend_v self-murder_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 289._o iii_o a_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a as_o self-murder_n if_o the_o killer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o be_v to_o effectuate_v it_o as_o if_o he_o hang_v himself_o but_o be_v immediate_o cut_v down_o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n if_o a_o man_n wound_v himself_o mortal_o though_o he_o live_v year_n and_o day_n thereafter_o his_o good_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n bolton_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o iv._o self-murder_n may_v be_v commit_v by_o omission_n as_o well_o as_o commission_n thus_o if_o a_o man_n will_v starve_v himself_o to_o death_n he_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n but_o the_o design_n must_v be_v clear_o prove_v since_o as_o many_o innocent_a people_n may_v be_v allege_v to_o have_v kill_v themselves_o whilst_o they_o have_v fast_v either_o through_o pain_n or_o necessity_n v._o when_o a_o man_n kill_v himself_o his_o majesty_n gift_n his_o escheat_n and_o the_o donator_n pursue_v a_o general_a declarator_n thereupon_o wherein_o he_o call_v the_o near_a of_o kin_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v there_o that_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n he_o have_v get_v kill_v himself_o which_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o clear_a and_o convince_a evidence_n such_o as_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n or_o a_o paper_n under_o the_o defunct_n hand_n wherein_o he_o declare_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o discontent_n and_o why_o he_o kill_v himself_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o these_o case_n wherein_o they_o design_v thereby_o to_o justify_v to_o the_o world_n this_o horrid_a act_n but_o i_o think_v presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a here_o since_o this_o be_v a_o crime_n except_o they_o be_v very_o strong_a and_o violent_a but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v confiscation_n for_o though_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v a_o crime_n to_o infer_v capital_a punishment_n yet_o they_o be_v ofttimes_o sustain_v to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o movable_n or_o other_o civil_a effect_n and_o if_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o this_o case_n self-murder_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v for_o the_o committer_n choose_v retire_v place_n and_o quiet_a time_n for_o execute_v their_o wicked_a design_n and_o who_o can_v say_v but_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v know_v to_o have_v express_v much_o despair_n and_o thereupon_o to_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o room_n and_o be_v find_v with_o the_o door_n close_v and_o hang_v in_o his_o own_o garter_n but_o that_o these_o presumption_n will_v infer_v confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n by_o our_o practice_n their_o declarator_n have_v be_v sustain_v before_o the_o lord_n upon_o probation_n of_o the_o self-murder_n lead_v before_o themselves_o without_o any_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o some_o think_v such_o a_o previous_a trial_n not_o necessary_a for_o all_o trial_n before_o they_o be_v by_o assizer_n and_o dead_a man_n can_v be_v try_v by_o a_o assize_n but_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v upon_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o such_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o the_o analogy_n of_o all_o other_o crime_n which_o be_v all_o try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n jurisdiction_n be_v here_o found_v ratione_fw-la incidentiae_fw-la and_o that_o many_o crime_n be_v try_v before_o they_o as_o fall_v incident_o in_o other_o civil_a case_n yet_o even_o in_o falsehood_n though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o deed_n itself_o yet_o no_o man_n escheat_n fall_v upon_o their_o decreet_a though_o he_o be_v find_v a_o falsary_a by_o they_o till_o he_o be_v also_o try_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o escheat_n fall_v as_o a_o effect_n of_o their_o sentence_n only_o nor_o have_v this_o exception_n be_v yet_o repel_v as_o to_o self-murder_n so_o that_o res_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la integrae_fw-la especial_o if_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n be_v crave_v to_o be_v declare_v be_v yet_o alive_a so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v try_v before_o a_o assize_n for_o have_v endeavour_v to_o kill_v himself_o for_o some_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o prevent_v as_o have_v be_v say_v former_o and_o in_o that_o case_n i_o conceive_v that_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a title_n fourteen_o parricide_n 1_o to_o what_o degree_n reach_v parricide_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2_o to_o what_o degree_n by_o our_o law_n 3_o whether_o do_v the_o act_n 220._o ja._n 6._o par._n 14._o extend_v to_o descendants_n 4_o whether_o do_v that_o statute_n extend_v to_o bastard_n 5_o the_o punishment_n of_o parricide_n by_o that_o statute_n 6_o the_o 20._o act_n par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o concern_v beat_n of_o parent_n explain_v 7_o how_o the_o murder_a of_o child_n be_v punish_v 8_o
qualitate_fw-la gravissime_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la and_o by_o the_o basilick_n there_o be_v no_o punishment_n express_v to_o that_o special_a kind_n of_o falsehood_n and_o so_o it_o be_v leave_v only_o punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsum_fw-la and_o though_o matheus_n do_v infer_v this_o to_o be_v capital_o punish_v from_o l._n 3._o l._n jul_a maje_v yet_o i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o man_n pretend_v false_o that_o he_o be_v a_o soldier_n which_o be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v punish_v l._n 27._o h._n t._n and_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n against_o the_o state_n which_o be_v punish_v dicta_fw-la l._n 3._o iv._o because_o the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n do_v ofttimes_o arise_v upon_o paper_n produce_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o because_o the_o trial_n thereof_o require_v a_o exact_a and_o long_o and_o a_o much_o more_o tedious_a search_n than_o the_o form_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n can_v allow_v who_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n therefore_o by_o the_o act_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n and_o albeit_o that_o act_n do_v not_o express_v their_o jurisdiction_n to_o be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o a_o accumulat_fw-la accusation_n of_o theft_n and_o falsehood_n pursue_v by_o the_o lord_n blantire_n against_o m_o cculloch_n his_o servant_n it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o justice_n that_o they_o will_v not_o proceed_v to_o judge_v the_o falsehood_n but_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o be_v try_v before_o the_o lord_n in_o a_o improbation_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la do_v only_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o that_o of_o divorce_n do_v to_o the_o commissary_n for_o else_o most_o of_o all_o falsehood_n will_v be_v only_o pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n see_v the_o trial_n there_o be_v much_o short_a and_o less_o expensive_a than_o before_o the_o lord_n whereas_o i_o find_v not_o any_o action_n of_o falsehood_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la record_v in_o all_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n v._o the_o lord_n do_v sometime_o proceed_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n summarie_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la simplicis_fw-la quaerelae_fw-la upon_o a_o bill_n without_o any_o formal_a summons_n and_o thus_o they_o find_v binnie_n a_o falsary_a for_o counterfeit_v the_o signet_n jun_n 1666._o but_o this_o they_o do_v only_o in_o two_o case_n 1._o when_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n 2._o when_o the_o signet_n or_o any_o part_n of_o a_o proâ—esse_n be_v ex_fw-la recenti_fw-la falsify_v the_o way_n of_o procedor_fw-la in_o this_o crime_n before_o the_o lord_n be_v this_o a_o summons_n of_o improbation_n be_v raise_v and_o continue_v and_o three_o term_n of_o old_a but_o now_o two_o only_o be_v by_o the_o regulation_n give_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o produce_v the_o writ_n call_v for_o to_o be_v improve_v if_o the_o paper_n call_v for_o be_v not_o produce_v certification_n be_v grant_v against_o they_o whereby_o they_o be_v declare_v such_o as_o can_v never_o be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o true_a paper_n in_o any_o time_n come_v but_o upon_o this_o presumptive_a improbation_n whereby_o the_o writ_n be_v only_o perfictionem_fw-la juris_fw-la declare_v null_n the_o party_n who_o be_v call_v to_o produce_v they_o be_v not_o repute_v a_o forger_n or_o punish_v as_o such_o for_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la eo_fw-la casu_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la de_fw-fr licti_fw-la or_o that_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o paper_n as_o be_v call_v for_o nor_o be_v there_o ever_o certification_n grant_v or_o any_o further_a inquiry_n make_v into_o the_o falsehood_n itself_o till_o november_n 1669._o at_o which_o time_n certification_n have_v be_v grant_v against_o some_o paper_n make_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o captain_n barclay_n the_o lord_n find_v they_o may_v proceed_v a_o little_a further_o by_o examine_v the_o witness_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o have_v never_o be_v do_v 2._o that_o non_fw-la constabat_fw-la de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la de_fw-fr licti_fw-la 3._o that_o by_o the_o certification_n res_fw-la erat_fw-la judicata_fw-la and_o so_o the_o lord_n functierant_fw-la officio_fw-la 4._o that_o the_o writ_n be_v improve_v be_v no_o long_o dangerous_a non_fw-la erat_fw-la amplius_fw-la nociva_fw-la &_o nullus_fw-la potest_fw-la puniri_fw-la defalso_fw-la ubi_fw-la falsum_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la nocivum_fw-la and_o albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o a_o person_n who_o falsify_v writ_n may_v destroy_v they_o when_o he_o find_v they_o can_v not_o be_v advantageous_a and_o so_o escape_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hazard_n in_o this_o because_o if_o the_o forger_n use_v they_o not_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o no_o person_n can_v be_v prejudge_v but_o if_o he_o do_v the_o party_n injure_v may_v force_v he_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o clerk_n hand_n and_o intent_n and_o improbation_n by_o the_o 62._o act._n 7._o parl._n q._n m._n the_o judge_n be_v allow_v to_o exact_a caution_n from_o such_o as_o propon_n improbation_n and_o though_o some_o doubt_n whether_o this_o caution_n may_v be_v exact_v as_o well_o when_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n as_o when_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o action_n yet_o since_o the_o danger_n be_v the_o same_o it_o both_o and_o that_o by_o the_o act_n this_o be_v declare_v to_o extend_v as_o well_o at_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o summons_n as_o at_o the_o propon_n of_o the_o objection_n and_o that_o lex_fw-la non_fw-la distinguit_fw-la i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o this_o doubt_n and_o this_o it_o be_v decide_v the_o 25._o of_o jun_n 1675._o the_o sum_n for_o which_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o case_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o though_o this_o statute_n appoint_v only_a caution_n to_o be_v find_v yet_o the_o lord_n do_v ordain_v the_o money_n ofttimes_o to_o be_v consign_v vi_o there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o improve_n a_o writ_n viz._n the_o direct_a and_o indirect_a manner_n the_o direct_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v by_o the_o writer_n and_o witness_n insert_v the_o indirect_a manner_n be_v by_o witness_n not_o insert_v but_o by_o presumption_n and_o other_o extrinsic_a argument_n but_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o our_o law_n that_o whilst_o the_o direct_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v extant_a that_o be_v to_o say_v whilst_o writer_n and_o witness_n insert_v be_v alive_a no_o trial_n can_v be_v take_v by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n as_o to_o the_o direct_a manner_n we_o have_v this_o general_a maxim_n viz._n that_o such_o witness_n as_o be_v dead_a be_v prove_v witness_n but_o this_o hold_v only_o presumptive_a for_o if_o of_o five_o witness_n insert_v two_o shall_v improve_v the_o other_o three_o be_v dead_a the_o writ_n will_v be_v declare_v false_a whereas_o if_o these_o three_o be_v alive_a and_o do_v formal_o approve_v the_o writ_n will_v subsist_v though_o improven_v by_o two_o to_o prevent_v falsehood_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o evident_n our_o law_n in_o place_n of_o seal_n which_o be_v use_v of_o old_a and_o which_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o counterfeit_v do_v by_o the_o 117._o act_n 7._o parl._n i._o â—_o require_v that_o all_o evident_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o party_n and_o witness_n and_o by_o the_o 80._o act_n parl._n 6._o ja._n 6._o all_o writ_n of_o importance_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o principal_a party_n if_o they_o can_v subscribe_v or_o by_o two_o famous_a notar_n before_o four_o famous_a witness_n denominat_fw-la by_o thâ—â—_n special_a dwelling_n or_o by_o some_o evident_a token_n by_o which_o the_o witness_n may_v be_v know_v and_o though_o usual_o man_n take_v writ_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n subscribe_v before_o any_o witness_n yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o imprudent_a for_o if_o i_o take_v a_o gentleman_n two_o servant_n or_o a_o father_n two_o son_n when_o the_o master_n or_o father_n be_v disponer_n witness_n to_o their_o disposition_n or_o bond_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n and_o one_o of_o these_o shall_v deny_v his_o subscription_n the_o writ_n will_v be_v null_a as_o be_v find_v in_o commissar_n fleeming_n case_v and_o if_o both_o deny_v their_o subscription_n the_o writ_n ought_v in_o strict_a law_n to_o be_v declare_v false_a but_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v pregnant_a circumstance_n and_o adminicle_n to_o astruct_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o subscription_n i_o conceive_v the_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v improven_v even_o though_o these_o interest_v witness_n shall_v deny_v their_o subscription_n from_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o witness_n shall_v be_v special_o design_v to_o the_o end_n
by_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a council_n to_o have_v the_o sole_a criminal_a jurisdiction_n and_o do_v repledge_v servant_n to_o sir_n thomas_n nâ—colson_n the_o king_n advocate_n arraign_v before_o the_o magistrate_n of_o edinburgh_n for_o a_o slaughter_n and_o assoilzy_v he_o upon_o production_n of_o a_o remission_n and_o upon_o the_o 5._o of_o september_n 1672._o gilbert_n earl_n of_o errol_n do_v repledge_a james_n johnstoun_n violer_fw-la arraign_v before_o the_o magistrate_n of_o edinburgh_n as_o sheriff_n within_o themselves_o for_o stab_v of_o his_o wife_n the_o day_n before_o easter_n the_o magistrate_n have_v take_v his_o judicial_a confession_n and_o summond_v the_o assize_n there_o be_v no_o formal_a repledgiation_n because_o the_o magistrate_n pass_v from_o he_o upon_o the_o constable_n application_n and_o upon_o the_o 6._o of_o that_o month_n of_o september_n the_o constable_n depute_v sentence_v he_o to_o be_v hang_v and_o to_o have_v his_o right_a hand_n which_o give_v the_o stroke_n cut_v off_o and_o affix_v upon_o lie_v wind_n port_n and_o ordain_v the_o magistrate_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o cause_n put_v the_o sentence_n to_o execution_n upon_o the_o 9_o of_o that_o month_n likeas_n the_o coachman_n of_o a_o nobleman_n have_v about_o the_o same_o time_n wound_v a_o child_n the_o constable_n command_v the_o town_n guard_n to_o apprehend_v the_o delinquent_n which_o they_o according_o do_v till_o he_o be_v free_v by_o a_o remission_n ii_o out_o of_o this_o high_a magistracy_n of_o constable_n say_v lambert_n a_o english_a lawyer_n be_v draw_v those_o inferior_a constable_n of_o hundred_o which_o office_n we_o borrow_v from_o they_o and_o they_o be_v with_o we_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o they_o two_o out_o of_o every_o paroch_n and_o as_o many_o in_o town_n as_o may_v be_v proportional_a to_o the_o greatness_n thereof_o and_o they_o have_v power_n to_o apprehend_v all_o suspicious_a idle_a or_o guilty_a person_n and_o may_v require_v the_o neighbour_n to_o assist_v they_o and_o if_o the_o guilty_a person_n flee_v they_o may_v require_v the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n to_o make_v open_a door_n all_o which_o with_o many_o other_o particular_n be_v entrust_v to_o they_o by_o the_o 38._o act._n 1._o par._n ch._n the_o 2._o iii_o his_o majesty_n predecessor_n use_v of_o old_a to_o build_v castle_n in_o the_o considerable_a town_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o preserve_v the_o peace_n both_o in_o that_o town_n and_o in_o the_o adjacent_a country_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o those_o castle_n be_v call_v constable_n though_o they_o be_v more_o proper_o castellain_n or_o chastellain_n as_o the_o english_a lawyer_n observe_v these_o have_v the_o power_n of_o ride_v the_o fair_n and_o have_v have_v the_o key_n of_o the_o tolbooth_n deliver_v to_o they_o they_o exercise_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n during_o those_o fair_n but_o it_o be_v find_v that_o this_o jurisdiction_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o fair_n that_o be_v grant_v posterior_n to_o the_o office_n of_o constabulary_a nor_o to_o the_o custom_n thereof_o as_o be_v find_v the_o 18._o of_o july_n 1676._o betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n and_o the_o town_n of_o forfar_n but_o these_o office_n depend_v absolute_o upon_o prescription_n use_n or_o custom_n which_o either_o extinguish_v or_o limit_n they_o most_o various_o but_o because_o those_o constable_n use_n to_o extort_v custom_n at_o those_o fair_n it_o be_v therefore_o appoint_v by_o the_o 60._o and_o 61._o act_n 13._o parl._n ja._n 2._o that_o the_o constable_n shall_v not_o exact_v any_o such_o custom_n except_o his_o festment_n bear_v he_o thereto_o and_o that_o old_a use_n and_o custom_n shall_v not_o be_v sufficient_a which_o act_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 33_o act_n 5._o parl._n ja._n 3._o but_o if_o the_o infestment_n in_o the_o general_a bear_n cum_fw-la feudis_fw-la &_o devoriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n possession_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o general_a right_n will_v be_v find_v sufficient_a though_o the_o particular_a casualty_n be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o infestment_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a case_n betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n and_o the_o town_n of_o forfar_n this_o officer_n be_v among_o the_o athenian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d title_n v._o the_o jurisdiction_n competent_a to_o the_o high_a chamberlain_n and_o magistrate_n of_o burgh_n royal._n the_o chamberlain_n be_v a_o office_n to_o who_o belong_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o burgh_n and_o he_o be_v in_o effect_n justice-general_a over_o the_o burrows_n and_o be_v to_o hold_v chamberlain-aus_a every_o year_n for_o that_o effect_n the_o form_n whereof_o be_v set_v down_o in_o reg._n maj._n in_o a_o book_n entitle_v the_o chamberlain-air_n iter_fw-la camerarii_fw-la he_o be_v a_o supreme_a judge_n nor_o can_v his_o decreet_n be_v question_v by_o any_o inferior_a judicatory_a iter._n cam._n cap._n 35._o and_o his_o sentence_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o execution_n by_o bailiff_n of_o burgh_n ibid._n cap._n 37._o he_o make_v the_o price_n of_o all_o victual_n within_o burgh_n cap._n 33._o and_o of_o these_o who_o wrought_v in_o the_o mint-house_n statute_n da._n 2._o cap._n 38._o he_o be_v call_v camerarius_fw-la à _fw-la camera_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la testudine_fw-la sive_fw-la fornice_n quia_fw-la custodit_fw-la pecunias_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o camer_n be_v praecipue_fw-la reservantur_fw-la this_o office_n belong_v heretable_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n but_o its_o privilege_n be_v by_o his_o absence_n run_v in_o desuetude_n magistrate_n of_o burgh_n as_o such_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n but_o what_o be_v competent_a by_o their_o charter_n of_o erection_n wherein_o ordinary_o they_o have_v power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n but_o sometime_o they_o be_v justice_n within_o themselves_o as_o edinburgh_n who_o have_v right_a also_o to_o all_o escheat_n of_o their_o own_o burgess_n or_o other_o criminal_n judge_v by_o they_o for_o crime_n commit_v within_o their_o own_o burgh_n sometime_o they_o be_v sheriff_n within_o themselves_o and_o ordinary_o they_o be_v justice_n of_o peace_n within_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n the_o king_n may_v erect_v a_o burgh_n royal_a within_o the_o bound_n of_o another_o jurisdiction_n as_o of_o a_o regality_n but_o in_o that_o case_n though_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n consent_n to_o the_o erection_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o prejudge_v the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n who_o right_a of_o bailiery_a be_v constitute_v prior_n to_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o casualty_n that_o be_v former_o due_a to_o he_o albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n may_v dissolve_v and_o dismember_v that_o part_n from_o the_o regality_n without_o the_o baily_n consent_n and_o so_o it_o not_o be_v in_o the_o regality_n it_o can_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o bailiery_a the_o 27._o of_o february_n 1666._o lord_n colvil_n contra_fw-la the_o town_n of_o culross_n title_n vi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n in_o criminal_n 1._o in_o what_o consist_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o council_n their_o precedent_n and_o number_n 2._o their_o procedur_n in_o punish_v riot_n 3._o whether_o a_o power_n to_o eject_v be_v a_o sufficient_a defence_n against_o a_o riot_n 4._o the_o punishment_n of_o riot_n 5._o precognition_n full_o consider_v 6._o the_o council_n name_n assessor_n to_o the_o justice_n and_o sometime_o review_v their_o sentence_n 7._o they_o grant_v letter_n of_o intercommune_v and_o commission_n for_o fire_n and_o sword_n 8._o they_o sometime_o ordain_v house_n to_o be_v deliver_v under_o pain_n of_o treason_n i._o the_o affair_n of_o this_o as_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v either_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o policy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n or_o such_o as_o respect_v the_o distribute_v of_o justice_n betwixt_o private_a party_n the_o policy_n or_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v regulate_v by_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n in_o which_o the_o chancellor_n be_v precedent_n if_o he_o be_v present_a but_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n precede_v this_o office_n of_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n be_v a_o distinct_a employment_n and_o it_o give_v he_o the_o precedency_n from_o all_o the_o nobility_n the_o number_n of_o this_o judicator_n be_v not_o definit_a depend_v upon_o his_o majesty_n commission_n but_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o state_n be_v member_n of_o it_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la it_o have_v its_o own_o signet_n and_o its_o letter_n pass_v by_o a_o bill_n subscribe_v by_o any_o one_o of_o the_o council_n upon_o which_o warrant_n the_o letter_n be_v in_o their_o several_a form_n extend_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o council_n and_o they_o bear_v also_o to_o be_v ex_fw-la deliberatione_n dominorum_fw-la secreti_fw-la consilii_fw-la they_o must_v be_v execute_v at_o least_o upon_o six_o free_a day_n and_o a_o
commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n do_v in_o june_n 1669._o ordain_v two_o skipper_n in_o bruntistand_n to_o be_v scourge_v at_o that_o mercat_n cross_n because_o when_o a_o customer_n come_v to_o enter_v a_o boat_n wherein_o unfree_a good_n be_v be_v allege_v to_o be_v they_o do_v put_v off_o the_o boat_n from_o the_o rock_n where_o it_o lay_v whereby_o the_o customer_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v almost_o drown_v title_n viii_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o crimnial_n 1._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o pass_v bill_n for_o criminal_a letter_n 2._o they_o advocate_n cause_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n 3._o they_o be_v judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la 4._o they_o have_v make_v statute_n for_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_n 5._o whether_o they_o can_v review_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 6._o they_o suspend_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 7._o they_o be_v judge_n to_o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o process_n before_o the_o session_n 8._o they_o grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n i._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v regular_o no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o pass_v the_o bill_n whereupon_o all_o criminal_a summons_n be_v raise_v for_o all_o summons_n in_o criminal_o must_v have_v a_o bill_n which_o must_v pass_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n and_o for_o which_o he_o get_v ten_o mark_n and_o his_o servant_n one_o thereafter_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o ordinar_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o as_o a_o common_a bill_n the_o reason_n why_o their_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o lord_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o justice-deputs_a be_v not_o ordinar_n residenter_n in_o town_n their_o salary_n not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o defray_v that_o charge_n or_o else_o because_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o bâ—lls_n be_v a_o member_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n yet_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o grievance_n give_v in_o by_o the_o justice_n to_o the_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1662._o and_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o employment_n it_o be_v to_o understand_v criminal_a case_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o pass_n of_o these_o bill_n and_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n refuse_v to_o pass_v these_o bill_n whereby_o the_o liedge_n be_v prejudge_v and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v not_o know_v what_o they_o be_v to_o judge_v especial_o this_o warrant_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o so_o fall_v natural_o under_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o who_o be_v judge_n to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o justice_n will_v pass_v their_o own_o bill_n it_o will_v sustain_v but_o now_o the_o justice_n use_v ordinary_o to_o pass_v their_o own_o bill_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o of_o the_o session_n but_o still_o other_o lord_n who_o be_v not_o justice_n may_v pass_v such_o bill_n but_o albeit_o these_o lores_n can_v judge_v crime_n yet_o they_o may_v and_o do_v punish_v injury_n commit_v against_o any_o of_o their_o own_o member_n by_o fine_v or_o confine_v ii_o they_o likewise_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n to_o the_o justice_n thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o mackintosh_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o inverness_n for_o theft-boot_n they_o advocate_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o justice_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o cognition_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o consequence_n be_v ill_o infert_v for_o the_o council_n do_v advocate_n and_o can_v not_o cognosce_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v advocate_n breius_fw-la for_o serve_v air_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n themselves_o for_o both_o in_o this_o and_o that_o case_n a_o inquest_n be_v necessary_a iii_o they_o be_v likewise_o judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la and_o their_o sentence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o assize_n to_o condemn_v without_o repeat_v the_o probation_n and_o when_o the_o inquest_n refuse_v to_o condemn_v upon_o that_o warrant_n they_o be_v of_o new_a enclose_v as_o be_v do_v in_o binny_v case_n and_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n if_o they_o assioilzie_a and_o their_o decreet_a bear_v the_o lord_n remit_v he_o to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la falsarius_fw-la and_o to_o under_o the_o law_n criminal_o and_o ordain_v that_o ordinance_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o their_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o that_o order_n be_v in_o the_o justice_n court_n call_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la the_o 2._o of_o july_n 1662._o albeit_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o require_v that_o all_o probation_n in_o criminal_o shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n yet_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v only_a probation_n here_o and_o that_o be_v read_v in_o face_n of_o the_o assize_n the_o lord_n likewise_o determine_v the_o punishment_n in_o falsehood_n and_o remit_v in_o their_o decreet_a the_o party_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v only_o banish_v or_o scourge_v or_o have_v his_o tongue_n bore_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o guilt_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o gentleman_n who_o i_o will_v not_o name_n in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o only_a imprison_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o forge_v of_o a_o false_a bond_n of_o suspension_n because_o he_o be_v ingenuous_a and_o in_o necessity_n and_o albeit_o this_o may_v seem_v irregular_a yet_o see_v the_o lord_n be_v only_o privy_a to_o the_o deposition_n it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v have_v this_o allowance_n i_o find_v it_o one_o of_o the_o rule_v set_v down_o by_o the_o doctor_n that_o ubi_fw-la cunque_fw-la iudex_fw-la principaliter_fw-la cognoscendo_fw-la reperit_fw-la incidenter_fw-la crimen_fw-la esse_fw-la comissum_fw-la potest_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la illo_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la c._n si_fw-la adversus_fw-la libre_fw-la l._n pen._n and_o the_o example_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v instance_a in_o charta_fw-la falsa_fw-la l._n pen._n c._n de_fw-fr probat_fw-la and_o upon_o improve_n a_o instrument_n or_o write_v they_o have_v ordain_v omnes_fw-la testes_fw-la instrumentarios_fw-la &_o falsi_fw-la fabricatores_fw-la to_o be_v fall_v sariâ—s_n and_o remit_v they_o to_o the_o justice_n the_o 16._o of_o february_n 1660._o fern_n inn_n and_o tarbat_n hang_v but_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o they_o have_v in_o any_o other_o case_n cognosce_v upon_o crime_n incidenter_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a rule_n will_v give_v they_o a_o incident_a jurisdiction_n in_o all_o case_n iv._o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v make_v statute_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o justice_n court_n for_o upon_o the_o 1._o of_o june_n 1593._o they_o declare_v that_o all_o land_a man_n shall_v be_v esteem_v pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o may_v sit_v upon_o nobleman_n assize_n be_v pursue_v tanquaritemerè_fw-la jurantes_fw-la sup_n assisa_fw-la and_o the_o council_n use_v to_o consult_v they_o in_o intricat_a case_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1667._o they_o be_v consult_v whether_o the_o west_n country_n rebel_n may_v be_v forefault_v in_o their_o absence_n v._o but_o whether_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o reduce_v or_o review_v what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n in_o any_o case_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v but_o i_o have_v see_v a_o reduction_n of_o a_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n pronounce_v against_o mr._n william_n somervel_v whereby_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o usury_n the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n be_v that_o the_o inquest_n have_v err_v in_o calculo_fw-la and_o it_o be_v contend_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v competent_a judge_n to_o review_v error_n in_o calculo_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o a_o civil_a medium_fw-la and_o where_o no_o criminal_a conclusion_n be_v crave_v nor_o can_v follow_v they_o be_v judge_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reduction_n of_o retour_n where_o the_o verdict_n may_v be_v reduce_v as_o past_a upon_o ignorance_n it_o be_v also_o urge_v that_o see_v the_o lord_n make_v statute_n to_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_v and_o past_o their_o bill_n they_o may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o palpable_a error_n commit_v ignorant_o by_o assize_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o the_o liedge_n shall_v not_o be_v repon_v against_o error_n of_o such_o ignorant_a person_n as_o assizer_n ordinary_o be_v vi_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v suspend_v the_o execution_n likewise_o of_o all_o sentence_n in_o the_o justice_n court_v but_o these_o suspention_n when_o once_o raise_v be_v discuss_v before_o the_o justice_n they_o likewise_o sometime_o discuss_v these_o suspention_n before_o the_o session_n
inflict_v of_o such_o punishment_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o kirk_n session_n the_o 15._o of_o february_n 1669._o but_o though_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n where_o they_o be_v scandal_n yet_o in_o verbal_a injury_n do_v to_o person_n of_o quality_n which_o be_v call_v in_o law_n scandala_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o council_n sustain_v itself_o judge_v competent_a the_o king_n be_v as_o the_o author_n so_o the_o protector_n of_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o peerage_n and_o in_o verbal_a injury_n likewise_o do_v to_o magistrate_n the_o council_n be_v also_o judge_n magistrate_n represent_v the_o king_n and_o be_v his_o instrument_n in_o the_o government_n when_o verbal_a injury_n be_v do_v by_o member_n of_o a_o court_n to_o one_o another_o that_o court_n be_v likewise_o judge_v competent_a all_o court_n how_o inferior_a soever_o have_v a_o innat_fw-la power_n to_o chastise_v its_o own_o member_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o esteem_n due_a to_o itself_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o stranger_n who_o have_v a_o process_n depend_v before_o any_o other_o court_n as_o the_o session_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n do_v abuse_v contumelious_o any_o three_o party_n though_o no_o member_n yet_o these_o respective_a court_n may_v punish_v the_o same_o if_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v in_o face_n of_o judgement_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v to_o any_o inferior_a judge_n extrajudicial_o that_o judge_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o his_o office_n he_o may_v likewise_o punish_v the_o same_o except_o the_o offender_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o judge_n extrajudicial_o injure_v must_v complain_v to_o the_o lord_n but_o can_v imprison_v they_o summary_o because_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v these_o member_n may_v be_v abstract_v from_o serve_v the_o liedge_n as_o a_o advocate_n when_o he_o be_v to_o plead_v a_o cause_n or_o a_o clerk_n when_o he_o be_v to_o give_v out_o a_o decreet_a and_o this_o last_o have_v be_v frequent_o so_o decide_v though_o verbal_a injury_n amount_v to_o scandal_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o commissar_n yet_o where_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o of_o scandal_n but_o be_v rather_o reflection_n upon_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v as_o to_o call_v a_o gentleman_n a_o puppy_n or_o a_o ass_n it_o may_v be_v the_o privy_a council_n and_o not_o the_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a the_o commissar_n be_v also_o judge_n competent_a to_o adultery_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v divorce_n vid._n tit_n adulterii_fw-la iii_o how_o far_o the_o commissar_n and_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o improve_n of_o writ_n and_o declare_v they_o false_a have_v be_v various_o decide_v but_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v competent_a to_o try_v the_o falsehood_n of_o writ_n by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n of_o improbation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o presumption_n for_o that_o way_n of_o trial_n be_v in_o effect_n nobilis_fw-la officii_fw-la be_v only_o competent_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n 2._o commissar_n and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o improbation_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a if_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n or_o reply_n for_o then_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n fall_v in_o necessary_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o without_o this_o be_v allow_v to_o these_o inferior_a judge_n they_o can_v proceed_v in_o no_o case_n for_o if_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o upon_o a_o bond_n they_o behove_v to_o sist_z if_o the_o bond_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v false_a or_o to_o stop_v if_o the_o defender_n shall_v offer_v to_o improve_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o action_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a as_o be_v decide_v the_o last_o of_o november_n 1630._o williamson_n contra_fw-la cushney_n 3._o if_o the_o commissar_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n pronounce_v once_o a_o decreet_a he_o can_v thereafter_o reduce_v his_o own_o decreet_a as_o have_v proceed_v upon_o false_a execution_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v give_v by_o his_o own_o officer_n since_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o such_o forgery_n incidenter_n but_o after_o sentence_n they_o be_v functi_fw-la as_o be_v find_v the_o 29._o of_o january_n 1677._o cowan_n contra_fw-la the_o commissar_n of_o glasgows_n phiscal_n and_o according_a to_o these_o conclusion_n the_o late_a instruction_n give_v to_o the_o commissar_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v title_n xi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o regality_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o regality_n 2._o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n 3._o why_o the_o heritor_n of_o a_o regality_n be_v call_v a_o lord_n of_o regality_n 4._o whether_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o heritable_a jurisdiction_n 5._o they_o can_v repledge_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n nor_o from_o justice_n air_n 6._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a regality_n and_o from_o who_o they_o may_v repledge_a 7._o the_o form_n of_o a_o repledgiation_n 8._o regalities_n must_v have_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o to_o what_o that_o burgh_n be_v tie_v 9_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n power_n i._o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n to_o which_o regality_n owe_v their_o origine_fw-la alia_fw-la erant_fw-la regalia_z alia_fw-la erant_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n in_o our_o law_n betwixt_o regalia_z and_o regality_n regalia_z be_v such_o privilege_n as_o immediate_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o do_v not_o original_o belong_v to_o nor_o can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o else_o such_o as_o to_o coin_v money_n to_o open_a mine_n of_o silver_n gold_n etc._n etc._n but_o regality_n be_v fews_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o subject_a they_o have_v as_o large_a a_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o sheriff_n have_v in_o civil_n or_o the_o justice_n in_o criminal_o the_o habilis_fw-la modus_fw-la of_o grant_v which_o right_n be_v by_o signator_n whereupon_o a_o charter_n follow_v which_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n ii_o regality_n be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n cap_n 76._o quon_n attach_v by_o which_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v judge_v the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o regality_n be_v express_o number_v among_o inferior_a court_n act_n 173._o parl._n 13._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o person_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n shall_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n but_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o before_o the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v only_o pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n but_o though_o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judge_n when_o compare_v with_o the_o justice_n or_o commissioner_n of_o justiciary_a yet_o they_o have_v great_a power_n in_o the_o way_n of_o their_o procedor_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proportion_v of_o their_o fine_n than_o sheriff_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n have_v for_o they_o may_v fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o pound_n though_o sheriff_n and_o other_o can_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 30_o of_o january_n 1663._o stewart_n against_o bogle_n and_o general_o they_o have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o the_o same_o allowance_n with_o the_o justice_n except_o when_o a_o express_a law_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o the_o 43._o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o appoint_v that_o no_o regality_n shall_v be_v grant_v without_o deliverance_n of_o parliament_n which_o nullity_n of_o old_a can_v not_o have_v be_v receive_v ope_v exceptionis_fw-la if_o it_o be_v clad_v with_o possession_n have_v 1610._o and_o they_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o revocation_n by_o the_o king_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o grant_v as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o revocation_n 1633._o and_o all_o precede_a iii_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n the_o regality_n be_v grant_v be_v still_o call_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n though_o he_o be_v otherwise_o but_o a_o baron_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v because_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n tria_fw-la erant_fw-la tantum_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la &_o quibus_fw-la inerat_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la regalis_fw-la viz_o ducatus_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la &_o comitatus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o jurisdiction_n by_o our_o law_n but_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n that_o jurisdiction_n be_v grant_v either_o in_o property_n or_o superiority_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v that_o his_o majesty_n palace_n though_o situate_v in_o burgh_n of_o
regality_n be_v in_o law_n no_o part_n of_o the_o regality_n but_o off_o the_o royalty_n and_o that_o such_o as_o live_v in_o these_o palace_n can_v not_o be_v cite_v at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o regality_n but_o at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o 11._o of_o january_n 1662._o l._n carnegie_n against_o the_o lord_n cranburn_n iv._o whether_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n be_v controvert_v with_o we_o and_o if_o he_o may_v certain_o he_o may_v thereby_o evacuat_v the_o office_n of_o sheriff-ship_n though_o buy_v with_o real_a money_n which_o be_v hard_a and_o yet_o the_o exchequer_n past_o a_o signator_n of_o drumlanrig_n albeit_o niddisdale_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o which_o sheriff-ship_n it_o be_v erect_v be_v a_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n and_o the_o like_a decision_n be_v relate_v by_o hop_v m._n h._n t._n and_o the_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o his_o majesty_n by_o grant_v a_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n alter_v not_o its_o nature_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o sheriff-ship_n be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v not_o thereby_o divest_v of_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o sheriff_n appoint_v be_v but_o his_o majesty_n deput_n his_o creation_n can_v hinder_v his_o majesty_n to_o erect_v a_o new_a jurisdiction_n within_o its_o bound_n as_o he_o may_v erect_v a_o burgh-royal_a therein_o or_o a_o justiciary_a etc._n etc._n when_o land_n be_v dispon_v in_o conjunctsee_n the_o heritor_n retain_v still_o the_o office_n of_o regality_n hop_v hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi v._o albeit_o it_o be_v regular_o true_a that_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v the_o same_o jurisdiction_n with_o his_o majesty_n justice_n yet_o this_o rule_n suffer_v two_o exception_n 1._o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n to_o which_o the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a and_o that_o not_o only_a where_o the_o treason_n libel_v amount_v to_o the_o crime_n of_o perduellion_n but_o even_o in_o statutory_a treason_n such_o as_o fire_n of_o coal-heughs_a theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o lawyer_n be_v likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o these_o crime_n which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n robbery_n murder_n fire-raising_a and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n which_o opinion_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o 2._o cap._n leg_n malcolm_n 2._o by_o which_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o all_o robber_n force_n of_o woman_n murderers_z of_o man_n and_o burner_n of_o house_n shall_v answer_v before_o the_o king_n justiciar_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v pley_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o the_o 14._o cap._n stat._n alex._n 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o in_o all_o the_o court_n of_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o the_o lord_n whatsoever_o these_o four_o pley_n shall_v be_v reserve_v from_o their_o court_n to_o the_o king_n own_o court_n because_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o 76._o cap._n quon_n attach_v likeas_n skeen_n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n upon_o the_o word_n placitum_fw-la be_v clear_a that_o these_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o crown_n jurisdiction_n or_o justice-general_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o treason_n he_o there_o likewise_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v call_v placita_fw-la from_o the_o french_a word_n placitare_fw-la which_o signify_v litigare_fw-la as_o mollineus_fw-la observe_v sup._n cur_n parl._n parti_fw-la primo_fw-la cap._n sexto_fw-la and_o yet_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la lord_n of_o regality_n do_v ordinary_o judge_v upon_o these_o crime_n without_o any_o commission_n and_o i_o find_v that_o the_o 22._o of_o july_n brown_n be_v assoilzy_v from_o a_o pursuit_n of_o fire-raising_a because_o he_o have_v be_v former_o pursue_v before_o the_o marquis_n of_o hamiltoun_n and_o assoilzy_v action_n of_o deforcement_n also_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v intent_a before_o the_o justice_n can_v be_v repledged_a for_o the_o king_n messenger_n be_v then_o deforce_v it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o seek_v justice_n from_o inferior_a judge_n where_o his_o officer_n of_o state_n can_v attend_v to_o pursue_v and_o cap._n 27._o l._n 4._o reg._n maj._n it_o be_v say_v that_o ad_fw-la solam_fw-la curiam_fw-la regis_fw-la pertinet_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la namo_fw-la vetito_fw-la and_o this_o the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o 23._o of_o november_n 1675._o in_o the_o case_n of_o william_n crighton_n though_o the_o debate_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v book_v the_o 2._o exception_n be_v that_o no_o bailie_n of_o regality_n can_v repledge_v from_o justice_n air_n act_n 29._o parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o which_o be_v likewise_o statute_n former_o by_o the_o 26._o act_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 6._o but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n may_v sit_v with_o the_o justice-general_a yet_o see_v the_o foresaid_a act_n of_o the_o 11._o parl._n king_n ja._n 6_o allow_v only_a no_o repledgiation_n to_o be_v from_o justice_n air_n hold_v by_o the_o justice-general_a it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o when_o justice_n air_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o justice_n depute_v or_o other_o by_o virtue_n of_o particular_a commission_n there_o may_v not_o be_v repledgiation_n allow_v in_o that_o case_n but_o i_o think_v there_o can_v see_v the_o act_n of_o parl._n ja._n 2._o be_v general_a and_o skeen_n remark_n this_o as_o a_o privilege_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n qua_fw-la talis_fw-la vi_o regality_n be_v divide_v with_o we_o in_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a ecclesiastic_a regality_n be_v such_o as_o be_v erect_v in_o favour_n of_o bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n and_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o abbacy_n in_o scotland_n which_o be_v not_o erect_v in_o regality_n and_o when_o these_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o foresay_a 29._o act_n parl._n 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o bailie_n or_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o power_n he_o have_v before_o to_o repledge_a from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o justice-general_a in_o case_n he_o have_v prevent_v the_o justice-general_a by_o apprehend_v or_o cite_v the_o person_n before_o he_o be_v apprehend_v or_o cite_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o the_o justice_n have_v prevent_v as_o say_v be_v than_o the_o bailie_n or_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n shall_v not_o have_v power_n to_o repledge_a but_o he_o may_v sit_v with_o the_o justice-general_a if_o he_o please_v so_o that_o in_o effect_n by_o this_o act_n there_o be_v difference_n betwixt_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a regality_n that_o in_o laic_a regality_n there_o be_v a_o right_n of_o repledge_v still_o as_o say_v be_v whereas_o ecclesiastic_a regality_n have_v not_o this_o privilege_n except_o they_o preveen_v the_o justice_n but_o otherwise_o the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n may_v only_o sit_v with_o they_o which_o difference_n seem_v to_o â—e_v acknowledge_v in_o the_o debate_n at_o his_o majesty_n advocat_n instance_n against_o several_a forestallers_a upon_o the_o 26._o of_o june_n 1596._o and_o thus_o mr._n john_n prestoun_n then_o depute_v to_o the_o regality_n of_o musselburgh_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o repledge_a but_o to_o sit_v with_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o some_o witch_n upon_o the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1661._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n be_v that_o the_o regality_n have_v be_v only_o grant_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o religious_a house_n which_o be_v suppress_v the_o regality_n become_v extinguish_v with_o they_o and_o his_o majesty_n have_v ex_fw-la gratia_fw-la only_o renew_v their_o office_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n he_o think_v that_o they_o be_v abundant_o gratify_v by_o this_o new_a concession_n without_o allow_v they_o the_o power_n to_o exclude_v his_o own_o justice_n in_o case_n of_o prevention_n and_o this_o be_v also_o a_o favour_n to_o the_o liedge_n in_o not_o trouble_v they_o with_o two_o court_n nor_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n much_o prejudge_v for_o by_o this_o same_o act_n they_o retain_v the_o whole_a right_n to_o the_o escheat_n and_o fine_n even_o of_o these_o who_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v right_a to_o the_o escheat_n of_o such_o as_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o 22._o of_o july_n 1664._o elizabeth_n sutherland_n contra_fw-la conradge_n so_o that_o this_o hold_v not_o only_a where_o the_o justice_n sit_v with_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n but_o likewise_o where_o the_o justice_n condemn_v without_o the_o other_o concourse_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o since_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n serve_v not_o in_o that_o case_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o get_v these_o casualty_n which_o be_v the_o reward_n due_a to_o these_o who_o do_v justice_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v himself_o only_o to_o
title_n xv._n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o of_o the_o several_a employment_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o court._n 1._o who_o be_v judge_n to_o crime_n in_o greece_n and_o at_o rome_n 2._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n with_o we_o 3._o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice-general_a and_o justice-deputs_a 4._o the_o office_n of_o justice-clerk_n 5._o what_o action_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o justice-court_n 6._o the_o macer_n and_o crowner_n of_o the_o justice-court_n i._o all_z nation_n have_v commit_v the_o cognition_n of_o crime_n to_o the_o wise_a of_o their_o judge_n because_o our_o life_n be_v our_o great_a concern_n and_o if_o the_o judge_n err_v there_o his_o error_n can_v seldom_o be_v repair_v the_o athenian_n have_v the_o areopage_n for_o their_o criminal_a court_n which_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a court_n then_o in_o the_o world_n of_o who_o the_o grecian_n use_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o they_o judge_v homicide_n in_o a_o particular_a place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d institute_v by_o solon_n for_o judge_a crime_n be_v likewise_o 50._o at_o rome_n praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la judge_v all_o the_o crime_n that_o be_v commit_v within_o the_o town_n &_o intra_fw-la centesimum_fw-la lapidem_fw-la and_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n judge_v crime_n in_o the_o country_n but_o the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la praefectus_fw-la augustalis_fw-la comes_fw-la orientis_fw-la &_o vicarius_fw-la praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la have_v also_o a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n the_o justice_n court_n with_o we_o have_v for_o its_o member_n the_o justice-general_n the_o justice-clerk_n the_o justice-deputs_a the_o clerk-depute_a the_o dempster_n the_o officer_n and_o the_o macer_n ii_o the_o justice-general_n be_v constitute_v by_o a_o gift_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n either_o ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la or_o by_o a_o temporary_a commission_n but_o still_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n his_o salary_n of_o old_a be_v five_o pound_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n leg_n malcol_n cap._n 2._o num_fw-la 3.1_o but_o now_o it_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o the_o ordinary_a salary_n by_o his_o gift_n be_v two_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_n to_o be_v uplift_v by_o himself_o out_o of_o the_o fine_n of_o court_n and_o if_o he_o can_v attain_v to_o payment_n that_o way_n out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o justice-court_n of_o old_a be_v the_o only_a sovereign_a court_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o have_v then_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o session_n have_v now_o for_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o recognition_n brieve_v of_o mortancestrie_n dissasine_n purpresture_n and_o distriction_n for_o debt_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o cap_n 5._o num_fw-la 2._o &_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 74._o quon_n att_o cap._n 52._o &_o 53._o lib._n 3._o cap._n 28._o and_o after_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o session_n they_o remain_v still_o judge_n to_o perambulation_n and_o brieve_v be_v direct_v in_o latin_a for_o trial_n thereof_o and_o the_o reason_n hereof_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n observe_v ad_fw-la armacurritur_fw-la in_o sinibus_fw-la regundis_fw-la and_o the_o fit_a person_n for_o compese_v such_o tumult_n be_v the_o justice-general_a but_o now_o the_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o session_n cognosce_fw-la such_o case_n and_o i_o have_v cause_v raise_v a_o advocation_n from_o the_o sheriff_n of_o tividale_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o some_o jedburgh_n man_n to_o the_o justice-general_a ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la capite_fw-la the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v the_o advocation_n but_o remit_v the_o case_n back_o to_o the_o sheriff_n who_o they_o find_v also_o competent_a so_o that_o such_o brieu_v may_v yet_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o justice_n general_n though_o he_o have_v not_o a_o privative_a jurisdiction_n therein_o iii_o i_o find_v the_o justice-general_a call_v the_o chief_a justice_n in_o all_o the_o register_n annis_n 1637._o and_o 1638._o and_o the_o principal_a justiciar_n anno_fw-la 1503._o the_o justice-deputs_a be_v not_o limit_v to_o any_o definit_a number_n but_o usual_o they_o be_v two_o and_o have_v each_o a_o pension_n from_o his_o majesty_n when_o they_o be_v constitute_v by_o a_o gift_n from_o he_o which_o pass_v the_o privy_a seal_n only_o and_o these_o be_v still_o call_v his_o majesty_n justice-deputs_a and_o be_v not_o deputes_o to_o the_o justice-general_a for_o else_o they_o can_v not_o sit_v in_o judgement_n with_o he_o as_o they_o do_v and_o in_o effect_n they_o have_v a_o equal_a power_n and_o voice_n with_o he_o but_o when_o he_o make_v a_o deput_n he_o shall_v not_o sit_v with_o he_o nam_fw-la delegatus_fw-la non_fw-la simul_fw-la concurrit_fw-la and_o i_o find_v mr._n alexander_n colvil_n call_v in_o his_o gift_n general-justice-deput_a which_o be_v do_v to_o denotat_fw-la the_o universality_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o justice_n in_o that_o part_n such_o as_o be_v these_o nobleman_n and_o other_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o justiciary_a over_o their_o own_o land_n and_o in_o binny_v case_n the_o lord_n have_v remit_v he_o to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice-general_a and_o his_o depute_n the_o justice-deputs_a declare_v that_o they_o accept_v only_o of_o the_o remit_v as_o meaning_n they_o be_v his_o majesty_n justice-deputs_a and_o when_o his_o majesty_n direct_v any_o letter_n to_o they_o he_o direct_v it_o to_o our_o trusty_a and_o well_o belove_a cousin_n and_o counsellor_n to_o our_o trusty_a and_o well_o belove_v our_o justice-general_a and_o justice-deputs_a of_o old_a i_o find_v there_o be_v eight_o justice-deputs_a the_o justice-deputs_a have_v former_o the_o privilege_n of_o be_v present_a at_o the_o council_n which_o be_v very_o fit_a because_o many_o criminal_a case_n come_v in_o before_o they_o and_o they_o retain_v still_o the_o privilege_n of_o be_v present_a at_o parliament_n they_o be_v call_v attornati_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la quon_n attach_v c._n 61._o &_o assis_fw-la r._n david_n c._n nullus_fw-la by_o the_o 1._o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 3._o session_n 2._o par._n ch._n 2._o the_o office_n of_o justice-deputs_a be_v suppress_v and_o five_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o justice-general_a and_o justice-clerk_n four_o of_o the_o number_n be_v a_o quorum_fw-la except_o at_o justice_n court_n because_o then_o the_o justice_n be_v divide_v and_o two_o may_v be_v a_o quorum_fw-la their_o present_a habit_n be_v scarlet_a adorn_v with_o white_a and_o this_o i_o find_v the_o king_n of_o old_a have_v vestem_fw-la purpuream_fw-la sed_fw-la albi_fw-la habens_fw-la non_fw-la nihil_fw-la admixtam_fw-la perion_n de_fw-fr magistr_n rom._n pag._n 574._o iv._o the_o justice-clerk_n have_v his_o place_n from_o his_o majesty_n by_o a_o gift_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n with_o power_n to_o appoint_v depute_n for_o who_o he_o shall_v be_v answerable_a and_o be_v call_v in_o his_o gift_n clericus_fw-la nostrae_fw-la justiciariae_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o justice-clerk_n be_v a_o judge_n or_o a_o clerk_n only_o have_v be_v doubt_v and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n appear_v not_o only_o from_o our_o inviolable_a present_a custom_n wherein_o he_o sit_v and_o preside_v when_o the_o justice-general_a be_v not_o present_a and_o takes_z precedency_n from_o the_o other_o justice-deputs_a but_o likewise_o by_o the_o 87._o act_n 11._o parl._n i._n 6._o expense_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v modify_v to_o the_o party_n cleanse_v by_o the_o â—ustice_n justice-clerk_n and_o their_o depute_n sed_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la that_o modification_n of_o expense_n be_v a_o judicial_a sentence_n at_o least_o be_v actus_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la &_o jurisdictio_fw-la tantum_fw-la explicaâ—i_fw-la potest_fw-la per_fw-la judicem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la peractuarium_fw-la vel_fw-la referendarium_fw-la as_o to_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n of_o justice-clerk_n it_o be_v receive_v by_o tradition_n that_o because_o clerici_fw-la or_o churchman_n of_o old_a can_v not_o sit_v in_o criminal_a court_n see_v the_o law_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o bloodless_a jurisdiction_n therefore_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o nominat_fw-la a_o clerk_n who_o may_v represent_v they_o who_o be_v therefore_o call_v non_fw-la clericus_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la the_o clerk_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n but_o justiciarius_fw-la clericus_fw-la yet_o this_o seem_v a_o groundless_a conjecture_n for_o in_o no_o municipal_a law_n can_v churchman_n sit_v upon_o blood_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o deput_n &_o qui_fw-la facit_fw-la per_fw-la alium_fw-la facit_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o what_o necessity_n be_v there_o for_o their_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n and_o to_o evidence_n that_o he_o be_v clerk_n of_o the_o court_n the_o clerk_n who_o officiat_n have_v his_o place_n by_o deputation_n from_o he_o and_o be_v call_v deput_n to_o my_o lord_n justice-clerk_n nor_o can_v he_o deput_fw-la clerk_n except_o he_o be_v principal_a clerk_n
albeit_o those_o course_n and_o repledgiation_n be_v equivalent_a to_o advocation_n iii_o advocation_n may_v be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a criminal_a judge_n by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o theft-boot_n before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o inverness_n and_o advocate_n by_o the_o lord_n because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n of_o the_o case_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v there_o that_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a in_o such_o advocation_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o crime_n pursue_v to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n themselves_o yet_o they_o may_v remit_v the_o pursuit_n to_o these_o who_o be_v competent_a even_o as_o brieve_v raise_v for_o serve_v a_o person_n air_n may_v be_v advocate_n to_o the_o lord_n who_o may_v remit_v the_o case_n to_o another_o inquest_n but_o durhie_n observe_v the_o 9_o of_o january_n 1629._o that_o kincaid_n of_o waristoun_n crave_v that_o the_o process_n against_o he_o for_o slaughter_n may_v be_v advocate_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o justice_n because_o of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o baron_n bailie_n or_o else_o that_o they_o will_v grant_v assessor_n the_o lord_n continue_v the_o diet_n till_o application_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o the_o council_n but_o if_o the_o council_n will_v not_o interpose_v than_o they_o shall_v do_v justice_n therein_o by_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o justice_n or_o otherwise_o but_o advocation_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v ordinary_o raise_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n who_o have_v the_o most_o natural_a power_n in_o such_o case_n advocation_n be_v raise_v upon_o bill_n and_o the_o letter_n pass_v the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n if_o the_o bill_n be_v past_a by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n or_o of_o the_o council_n if_o the_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o council_n this_o advocation_n must_v be_v execute_v by_o a_o messenger_n and_o a_o full_a copy_n must_v be_v give_v of_o the_o letter_n as_o in_o other_o summons_n for_o in_o effect_n a_o advocation_n be_v a_o summons_n and_o the_o diet_n in_o advocation_n be_v peremptor_n as_o in_o all_o other_o criminal_a pursuit_n neither_o be_v the_o advocation_n give_v up_o to_o see_v as_o in_o other_o criminal_a pursuit_n at_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n and_o therefore_o a_o full_a copy_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o end_n the_o defender_n may_v be_v ready_a to_o answer_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o action_n must_v be_v cite_v and_o the_o judge_n from_o who_o the_o action_n be_v to_o be_v advocate_n must_v be_v also_o cite_v to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v defend_v his_o own_o jurisdiction_n and_o if_o both_o these_o be_v not_o cite_v the_o advocation_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n come_v if_o the_o advocation_n be_v raise_v before_o the_o session_n it_o be_v call_v before_o the_o session_n and_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v find_v relevant_a the_o cause_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o that_o advocation_n be_v raise_v before_o the_o council_n it_o be_v call_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o both_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o defender_n must_v prove_v all_o that_o they_o allege_v instant_o the_o advocation_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n do_v contain_v the_o reason_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v found_v as_o in_o civil_a advocation_n but_o though_o in_o civilibus_fw-la the_o raiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o add_v a_o reason_n though_o it_o be_v not_o libel_v which_o be_v call_v a_o eiked_a reason_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o allow_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la because_o all_o must_v be_v prove_v instanter_fw-la and_o the_o defender_n be_v not_o able_a to_o prove_v his_o answer_n instant_o if_o he_o know_v not_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o he_o must_v answer_v whereas_o in_o civilibus_fw-la he_o will_v get_v a_o term_n to_o prove_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o eiked_a reason_n iv._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v 1._o consanguinity_n or_o affinity_n within_o degree_n defendant_n viz._n cousin_n german_a or_o near_o for_o whatever_o be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o cast_v a_o witness_n shall_v in_o my_o opinion_n much_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o decline_v a_o judge_n since_o there_o may_v be_v penury_n of_o witness_n so_o that_o the_o witness_v challenge_v may_v be_v necessary_a whereas_o if_o a_o judge_n be_v suspect_v he_o may_v be_v supply_v by_o another_o deput_n or_o a_o superior_a judge_n and_o a_o judge_n may_v by_o himself_o ruin_n a_o cause_n which_o one_o witness_n can_v do_v and_o though_o we_o have_v no_o express_a law_n for_o this_o yet_o the_o lord_n incline_v ordinary_o to_o sustain_v this_o and_o particular_o in_o the_o month_n of_o decem._n 1676._o ross_z contra_fw-la collodine_n where_o a_o decreet_a be_v turn_v in_o a_o libel_n because_o pronounce_v by_o a_o nephew_n albeit_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o 212._o act_n 14._o parl._n i._n 6._o a_o brother_n father_n and_o son_n be_v only_o to_o be_v decline_v as_o judge_n for_o that_o statute_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o because_o of_o their_o great_a eminency_n and_o trust_v be_v not_o to_o be_v as_o easy_o suspect_v as_o inferior_a judge_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o justice_n or_o any_o of_o they_o may_v be_v decline_v as_o within_o degree_n defendant_n for_o though_o they_o must_v now_o be_v senator_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n yet_o they_o sit_v not_o there_o as_o such_o nor_o be_v the_o justice-general_a or_o justice-clerk_n always_o of_o that_o number_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o since_o the_o justice_n court_n be_v a_o supreme_a judicatory_a in_o its_o own_o kind_n and_o that_o this_o respect_n that_o be_v put_v upon_o they_o be_v because_o of_o their_o eminency_n and_o presume_v integrity_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v the_o same_o person_n aught_o to_o have_v the_o same_o privilege_n and_o the_o justice-general_a and_o justice-clerk_n be_v superior_a in_o order_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o be_v justiciar_n aught_o at_o least_o to_o have_v as_o great_a trust_n but_o though_o the_o admiral_n be_v a_o supreme_a judge_n also_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o statute_n shall_v be_v extend_v to_o he_o because_o man_n of_o mean_a part_n may_v officiat_fw-la there_o it_o may_v be_v also_o doubt_v whether_o this_o declinator_fw-la against_o father_n brother_n and_o son_n shall_v extend_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o affinity_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o consanguinity_n so_o that_o a_o father_n or_o brother_n in_o law_n may_v be_v decline_v and_o though_o the_o lord_n late_o will_v not_o decline_v one_o of_o their_o number_n though_o brother_n in_o law_n to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o albeit_o act_v of_o parliament_n must_v be_v strict_o interpret_v yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o parity_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o word_n may_v in_o propriety_n admit_v of_o the_o extension_n there_o the_o extension_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o here_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n be_v to_o be_v suspect_v and_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n be_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n a_o brother_n likeas_n since_o witness_n may_v be_v cast_v upon_o the_o suspicion_n of_o affinity_n why_o may_v not_o judge_n especial_o see_v in_o the_o statute_n 1621._o against_o disposition_n make_v by_o bankrupt_n and_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n degree_n of_o affinity_n and_o consanguinity_n be_v still_o equiparat_fw-la and_o so_o wise_a be_v we_o in_o this_o point_n that_o a_o pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v advocate_n upon_o this_o statute_n because_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v brother_n to_o the_o judge_n though_o he_o be_v only_o pursue_v ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o have_v no_o interest_n himself_o and_o express_o renounce_v all_o interest_n in_o the_o pursuit_n 28._o january_n 1629._o whether_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o unlawful_a relation_n so_o that_o a_o bastard_n brother_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v decline_v vide_fw-la my_o observation_n upon_o the_o statute_n 1621._o another_o reason_n of_o advocation_n like_a to_o this_o be_v that_o one_o of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o court_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi as_o for_o instance_n the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o of_o two_o sheriff_n depute_v before_o his_o own_o colleague_n habet_fw-la quip_n societas_fw-la jus_o quoddam_fw-la fraternitatis_fw-la in_o se_fw-la l._n verum_fw-la ff_n praesocio_fw-la vid._n c._n insinuante_fw-la de_fw-fr offic_n deleg_a &_o cap._n postr_n de_fw-fr appel_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v judge_v where_o the_o colleague_n pursue_v but_o that_o the_o pursuit_n shall_v be_v carry_v away_o to_o another_o judicature_n be_v appoint_v by_o a_o
statute_n in_o france_n anno_fw-la 1560._o but_o we_o have_v no_o such_o statute_n and_o one_o colleague_n with_o we_o may_v be_v witness_n for_o another_o and_o why_o not_o then_o judge_n a_o three_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n be_v suspect_v as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v partial_a counsel_n or_o if_o he_o have_v repel_v a_o just_a defence_n or_o as_o be_v severe_a above_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v 4._o that_o he_o be_v incompetent_a the_o case_n pursue_v be_v only_o proper_a to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n treason_n murder_n fire-raising_a and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n but_o sometime_o though_o the_o first_o libel_n have_v infer_v treason_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o peddy_n january_n 1667._o yet_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v restrict_n his_o action_n to_o damnage_v and_o interest_n but_o will_v desert_v the_o diet_n as_o to_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n it_o may_v be_v sustain_v 5._o that_o the_o case_n be_v very_o intricat_a as_o in_o a_o pursuit_n of_o theft-boot_n which_o be_v advocate_n from_o the_o sheriff-deput_a of_o invernesse_n eo_fw-la ex_fw-la capite_fw-la member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n also_o pretend_v that_o they_o can_v be_v pursue_v before_o any_o other_o court_n because_o this_o will_v draw_v they_o from_o attend_v the_o session_n but_o the_o act_n 39_o pa._n 6._o q._n m._n whereon_o this_o be_v found_v seem_v only_o to_o hold_v in_o remove_n so_o that_o no_o action_n concern_v remove_n shall_v be_v advocate_n but_o in_o these_o case_n viz._n deadly_a fead_z where_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a be_v party_n or_o the_o defender_n a_o member_n of_o the_o session_n and_o yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v extend_v to_o all_o advocation_n but_o they_o can_v advocate_n from_o the_o justice_n court_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o first_o libel_n which_o be_v advocate_v must_v find_v caution_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la to_o insist_v in_o the_o pursuit_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v desert_v the_o diet_n which_o caution_n be_v necessary_a because_o the_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o caution_n be_v find_v be_v alter_v and_o neither_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi nor_o his_o cautioner_n be_v bind_v to_o insist_v before_o any_o other_o court_n the_o defender_n likewise_o of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o who_o raise_v the_o advocation_n be_v obliedge_v to_o renew_v his_o caution_n that_o he_o will_v under_o the_o law_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v imprison_v he_o the_o taiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n mus_fw-la intimate_fw-la to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o principal_a cause_n that_o he_o have_v raise_v a_o advocation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o say_v pursuer_fw-mi may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v at_o the_o day_n to_o which_o the_o advocation_n be_v raise_v and_o when_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi before_o the_o court_n from_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o raiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n shall_v intimate_fw-la to_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v in_o the_o justice-court_n what_o the_o procurator_n fiskal_n be_v in_o inferior_a court_n the_o office_n of_o both_o be_v to_o pursue_v vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la v._o the_o old_a custom_n be_v as_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n judge_v all_o the_o advocation_n which_o be_v raise_v in_o criminal_a cause_n from_o inferior_a judge_n even_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o very_o judicious_a lawyer_n do_v yet_o hold_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v judge_v whether_o they_o be_v competent_a judge_n in_o cause_n advocate_v from_o inferior_a criminal_a court_n but_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v cognosce_fw-la whether_o the_o cause_n shall_v be_v advocate_n and_o if_o they_o sustain_v the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n that_o they_o shall_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o court_n from_o which_o it_o be_v advocate_v if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v not_o relevant_a for_o they_o think_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n of_o their_o own_o competency_n but_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v supreme_a and_o sovereign_a judge_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o many_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o session_n also_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n especial_o since_o these_o reason_n of_o advocation_n do_v very_o frequent_o do_v upon_o subtlety_n of_o the_o criminal_a law_n and_o can_v be_v well_o judge_v but_o by_o such_o as_o understand_v that_o law_n exact_o as_o for_o instance_n i_o have_v see_v a_o advocation_n raise_v of_o a_o libel_n in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n from_o before_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n court_n upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o accusation_n be_v for_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a which_o be_v treason_n in_o our_o law_n to_o the_o which_o crime_n of_o treason_n none_o but_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o which_o advocation_n these_o point_n be_v necessary_o debate_v 1._o whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n to_o treason_n 2._o whether_o though_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n found_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o statutory_a treason_n 3._o whether_o though_o burn_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v treason_n by_o statute_n yet_o if_o drown_v of_o it_o fall_v under_o that_o statute_n all_o which_o point_n be_v indagationis_fw-la criminalis_fw-la and_o these_o who_o can_v judge_v such_o point_n may_v judge_v any_o criminal_a case_n likeas_n both_o by_o the_o old_a and_o new_a stile_n of_o advocation_n raise_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o criminal_a court_n the_o letter_n bear_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o consider_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o immediate_o upon_o the_o advocation_n caution_n be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n and_o to_o answer_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o justice_n have_v be_v in_o constant_a possession_n of_o judge_v such_o reason_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v not_o judge_n to_o crime_n yet_o the_o case_n of_o competency_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n be_v mere_o civil_a and_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v proper_a to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o lord_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v nor_o just_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o this_o case_n be_v civil_a yet_o it_o have_v so_o necessary_a a_o contingency_n with_o what_o be_v criminal_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v divide_v since_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o advocation_n wherein_o their_o own_o â—urisdiction_n be_v controvert_v why_o shall_v this_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v a_o part_n of_o themselves_o and_o such_o supreme_a judge_n be_v above_o suspicion_n especial_o since_o they_o can_v gain_v nothing_o by_o their_o jurisdiction_n title_n xviii_o of_o inquisition_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o inquisition_n and_o when_o it_o be_v competent_a 2._o the_o king_n and_o party_n may_v pursue_v separat_o 3._o citation_n super_fw-la inquirendis_fw-la when_o competent_a i._o when_o a_o crime_n be_v commit_v the_o council_n or_o the_o justice_n do_v of_o old_a take_v a_o previous_a inquisition_n of_o it_o by_o examine_v witness_n and_o take_v such_o other_o information_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o these_o deposition_n and_o examination_n be_v call_v informationes_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n but_o though_o they_o may_v examine_v witness_n before_o the_o intent_v of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n yet_o after_o it_o be_v once_o intent_a the_o justice_n find_v the_o 8._o of_o january_n 1672._o that_o they_o can_v not_o examine_v witness_n for_o the_o inquisition_n end_v by_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o pursuit_n &_o ubi_fw-la incipit_fw-la accusatio_fw-la desinit_fw-la inquisitio_fw-la the_o doctor_n be_v very_o profuse_a on_o this_o subject_n but_o i_o shall_v only_o excerpt_v from_o they_o what_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o our_o form_n and_o practice_n they_o define_v inquisition_n to_o be_v a_o information_n of_o the_o crime_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n own_o authority_n &_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o they_o divide_v it_o in_o a_o general_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v of_o the_o crime_n in_o general_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o particular_a informer_n or_o defender_n and_o a_o special_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v against_o a_o particular_a person_n of_o who_o guilt_n they_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o judge_n can_v proceed_v against_o any_o private_a
knowledge_n yet_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o principle_n may_v be_v doubt_v upon_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n par_fw-fr 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o assize_n and_o panel_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o private_a knowledge_n of_o assiser_n can_v be_v lay_v to_o be_v lead_v before_o they_o 2._o if_o probation_n be_v lead_v public_o defender_n may_v propon_n interrogator_n whereby_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n may_v be_v more_o full_o clear_v and_o even_o the_o witness_n own_o mistake_n may_v be_v remove_v of_o all_o which_o just_a advantage_n he_o be_v precludit_n by_o that_o principle_n 3._o the_o great_a reason_n why_o by_o the_o act_n probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n be_v because_o in_o law_n it_o be_v presume_v a_o witness_n will_v stand_v more_o in_o awe_n to_o depon_n false_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n than_o otherwise_o for_o which_o cause_n confront_v of_o party_n and_o witness_n among_o themselves_o when_o they_o be_v contrary_a be_v much_o use_v and_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o doctor_n 4._o if_o assiser_n may_v give_v their_o verdict_n upon_o private_a knowledge_n than_o they_o can_v never_o be_v pursue_v for_o error_n because_o if_o private_a knowledge_n be_v the_o rule_n i_o can_v hardly_o understand_v how_o man_n can_v be_v convict_v as_o have_v transgress_v against_o that_o rule_n see_v albeit_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v what_o a_o man_n shall_v know_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o judge_v what_o a_o man_n do_v know_v 5._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o almost_o all_o divine_n and_o nation_n judices_fw-la debent_fw-la judicare_fw-la secundum_fw-la allegata_fw-la &_o probata_fw-la ix_o from_o the_o foresay_a act_n parl._n 11._o ordain_v all_o probation_n to_o be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o assiser_n and_o panel_n it_o may_v be_v deduce_v by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o no_o witness_n shall_v be_v examine_v in_o criminal_o ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la and_o that_o no_o witness_n shall_v be_v examine_v by_o commission_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la the_o probation_n lead_v before_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o repeat_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n before_o who_o nothing_o be_v use_v to_o instruct_v the_o falsehood_n but_o the_o decreet_a of_o improbation_n pronounce_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o falsehood_n their_o sentence_n habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la veritate_fw-la and_o be_v probatio_fw-la probata_fw-la so_o thaâ—_n the_o produce_v of_o it_o be_v the_o lead_n of_o probation_n before_o the_o assize_n this_o privilege_n that_o no_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v but_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o assize_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o by_o the_o panel_n see_v it_o be_v introduce_v in_o his_o favour_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v the_o 9_o of_o march_n 1671._o that_o the_o diet_n can_v not_o be_v continue_v against_o charles_n robertson_n because_o of_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o witness_n see_v he_o be_v content_a to_o stand_v to_o the_o deposition_n former_o take_v but_o they_o cause_v he_o subscribe_v his_o consent_n after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v the_o panel_n advocat_n make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o assize_n wherein_o the_o term_n they_o use_v to_o they_o be_v good_a man_n of_o inquest_n and_o after_o they_o have_v end_v his_o majesty_n advocate_n speak_v but_o there_o be_v no_o duply_n or_o triply_v use_v and_o it_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n which_o privilege_n be_v assume_v likewise_o by_o all_o other_o advocat_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi but_o by_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 1670._o the_o defender_n advocate_n be_v now_o the_o last_o speaker_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n so_o that_o this_o privilege_n hold_v only_o in_o perduellion_n but_o not_o in_o ordinary_a treason_n x._o when_o both_o these_o discourse_n be_v end_v than_o the_o assize_n be_v enclose_v but_o before_o they_o be_v enclose_v they_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o any_o doubt_n for_o if_o after_o enclose_v any_o person_n speak_v to_o they_o or_o if_o any_o of_o they_o come_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v enclose_v until_o the_o verdict_n be_v pronounce_v the_o panel_n be_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la clean_a and_o innocent_a act_n 91._o parl_n 11._o ja._n 6._o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o which_o act_n seem_v to_o be_v fear_v of_o impress_v or_o suborn_v the_o assize_n and_o therefore_o the_o practice_n allow_v assizer_n sometime_o to_o send_v out_o some_o of_o their_o number_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o receive_v information_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o find_v that_o in_o so_o do_v they_o transgress_v not_o this_o act_n as_o in_o kennedy_n case_n august_n 1662._o and_o after_o a_o full_a debate_n upon_o the_o 24._o of_o december_n 1672._o it_o be_v find_v that_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n disclose_v and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o house_n after_o they_o have_v past_o a_o vott_n though_o the_o verdict_n be_v not_o subscribe_v be_v the_o chancellor_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o annul_v the_o verdict_n albeit_o it_o be_v here_o allege_v that_o there_o may_v be_v great_a debate_n upon_o the_o word_v of_o the_o verdict_n and_o so_o the_o assize_n shall_v not_o have_v disclose_v until_o the_o verdict_n be_v subscribe_v by_o this_o act_n likewise_o the_o assizer_n and_o not_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o exception_n against_o the_o verdict_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a decision_n 1672._o wherein_o the_o justice_n find_v that_o themselves_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o any_o such_o alledgeance_n but_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o judge_v the_o probation_n of_o that_o exception_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o assizer_n can_v not_o at_o all_o be_v judge_n thereto_o see_v they_o be_v the_o delinquent_n in_o that_o case_n and_o if_o most_o part_n of_o the_o assize_n have_v disclose_v it_o be_v absurd_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_n to_o their_o own_o delinquency_n at_o that_o time_n the_o lord_n do_v likewise_o declare_v that_o if_o any_o assizer_n shall_v disclose_v before_o the_o vot_n be_v complete_a so_o that_o the_o urdict_n may_v be_v thereupon_o annul_v they_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o justice_n and_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n which_o either_o the_o king_n or_o party_n incur_v so_o that_o assizer_n be_v allow_v to_o speak_v to_o judge_n or_o advocat_n but_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v any_o address_n to_o they_o after_o enclosure_n as_o say_v be_v it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o albeit_o the_o clerk_n be_v discharge_v to_o enter_v in_o where_o the_o assize_n sit_v after_o they_o have_v choose_v their_o chancellor_n yet_o defacto_fw-la the_o clerk_n sit_v still_o with_o they_o and_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a he_o shall_v do_v so_o because_o they_o be_v oft_o ignorant_a and_o unaquant_v with_o the_o form_n and_o procedure_v of_o that_o court_n they_o shall_v have_v some_o person_n to_o regulat_fw-la they_o and_o none_o so_o fit_a to_o do_v it_o as_o the_o clerk_n yet_o by_o the_o late_a regulation_n 1670._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o clerk_n shall_v not_o be_v present_a and_o sure_a the_o clerk_n be_v worth_a ten_o and_o do_v influence_n too_o much_o xi_o after_o the_o assize_n be_v enclose_v they_o choose_v a_o precedent_n who_o be_v call_v chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o proceed_v to_o read_v and_o thereafter_o to_o reason_n upon_o what_o be_v debate_n and_o their_o determination_n be_v call_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o assize_n which_o be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n it_o be_v call_v verdict_n quasi_fw-la veer_fw-la dictum_fw-la and_o sometime_o it_o be_v call_v warda_fw-mi curiae_fw-la quon_n attach_v cap._n ubi_fw-la aliqua_fw-la thereafter_o the_o assizer_n enter_v again_o into_o the_o court_n and_o there_o the_o verdict_n be_v read_v and_o the_o chancellor_n stand_v up_o and_o own_v the_o same_o after_o the_o verdict_n be_v read_v it_o shall_v and_o be_v by_o the_o 9_o act_n of_o regulation_n 1670._o close_v and_o seal_v with_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o of_o so_o many_o of_o their_o number_n as_o the_o chancellor_n shall_v think_v fit_a never_o to_o be_v open_v but_o by_o order_n from_o the_o judge_n of_o which_o verdict_n the_o clerk_n be_v to_o have_v the_o keep_n and_o if_o he_o open_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o be_v depose_v and_o further_o punish_v as_o the_o
that_o these_o who_o blaspheme_n in_o jest_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v and_o that_o rusticity_n mitigat_n the_o ordinary_a punishment_n in_o this_o case_n but_o gothofredus_n be_v as_o to_o the_o last_o of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n because_o rusticity_n excuse_v not_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n much_o less_o of_o god_n but_o they_o may_v be_v reconcile_v thus_o that_o open_a gross_a blasphemy_n be_v equal_o punishable_a in_o both_o but_o not_o consequential_a and_o indirect_a blasphemy_n as_o if_o a_o countryman_n shall_v err_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o trinity_n which_o some_o remote_a high-lander_n be_v so_o ignorant_a of_o as_o not_o to_o know_v those_o shall_v rather_o be_v pity_v then_o punish_v except_o they_o add_v obstinacy_n to_o blasphemy_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 296._o iv._o the_o punishment_n of_o blasphemy_n be_v death_n by_o the_o law_n nou._n 77._o by_o the_o canon_n law_n public_a repentance_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n and_o the_o stand_n at_o the_o church_n door_n with_o a_o infamous_a mitre_n or_o paper_n hat_n for_o a_o relapse_n v._o by_o our_o act_n 21._o sess._n 1._o par._n 1._o c._n 2._o blasphemy_n railer_n against_o god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o bless_a trinity_n shall_v be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v therein_o from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o this_o crime_n can_v only_o be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o not_o before_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o regality_n though_o they_o have_v equal_a power_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v 2._o distraction_n be_v only_o except_v here_o so_o ignorance_n passion_n rusticity_n or_o raillery_n excuse_v not_o nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la and_o yet_o these_o may_v excuse_v from_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o some_o circumstance_n but_o be_v never_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v why_o the_o deny_v god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o continue_v obstinate_a therein_o and_o yet_o the_o rail_n upon_o or_o curse_v god_n or_o the_o trinity_n be_v simple_o punishable_a without_o obstinacy_n and_o the_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o curse_v or_o rail_v against_o god_n can_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n but_o argue_v malice_n whereas_o the_o deny_v god_n attribute_n or_o the_o trinity_n may_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o with_o we_o a_o person_n who_o shall_v call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o god_n or_o the_o messiah_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o blasphemer_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n think_v he_o can_v not_o and_o therefore_o james_n nailor_n be_v only_o scourge_v for_o this_o crime_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o our_o foresay_a act_n as_o a_o person_n who_o rail_v upon_o god_n and_o the_o trinity_n for_o to_o make_v ourselves_o equal_a with_o they_o be_v to_o rail_v against_o and_o vilify_v they_o vi_o curse_v of_o parent_n viz._n father_n or_o mother_n but_z no_z other_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v sixteen_o or_o arbitrar_o if_o they_o be_v below_o sixteen_o and_o above_o punishable_a with_o tit_n parricid_n act_n 20._o par._n 1._o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v by_o the_o 38._o act_n 1._o par._n ch._n 2._o to_o punish_v such_o as_o curse_v and_o swear_v profane_o and_o exact_v from_o a_o noble_a man_n twenty_o mark_n a_o baron_n twenty_o mark_n a_o gentle_a man_n heretor_fw-la or_o burges_n ten_o mark_n a_o yeoman_n forty_o shilling_n a_o servant_n twenty_o shilling_n a_o minister_n the_o five_o part_n of_o his_o steipend_n and_o the_o husband_n must_v pay_v his_o wife_n fine_a ergo_fw-la regulariter_fw-la the_o husband_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o wife_n fine_a if_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n therefore_o by_o statute_n by_o the_o 16._o act_n 5._o par._n q._n m._n the_o swear_v abominable_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v fine_v but_o that_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a by_o the_o 103._o act_n par._n 7._o i._o swearer_n and_o blasphemer_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o if_o they_o fail_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n notà _fw-la by_o this_o act_n that_o woman_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o penal_a statute_n conform_v to_o their_o blood_n and_o their_o husband_n quality_n that_o be_v to_o say_v conform_v to_o their_o blood_n if_o unmarried_a or_o to_o their_o husband_n quality_n if_o marry_v and_o therefore_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o woman_n who_o have_v precedency_n according_a to_o their_o birth_n though_o marry_v as_o a_o earl_n daughter_n when_o marry_v to_o a_o gentle_a man_n or_o those_o who_o have_v precedency_n by_o a_o patent_n above_o their_o husband_n quality_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o their_o precedency_n though_o marry_v the_o justice_n do_v in_o may_n 1671._o fine_a a_o woman_n in_o dumfreis_n in_o 500_o mark_n for_o drink_v the_o devil_n health_n but_o do_v not_o find_v it_o blasphemy_n title_n iv._o haeresy_n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o heresy_n 2_o whether_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n be_v heresy_n 3_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n 4_o jesuit_n and_o traffic_a priest_n how_o punish_v 5_o the_o specialty_n ontroduce_v in_o punish_v this_o crime_n heresy_n be_v commit_v when_o a_o christian_a own_v pertinatious_o error_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n i_o say_v when_o a_o christian_n own_a they_o because_o pagan_n and_o mahumetan_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o heretic_n simancas_n de_fw-fr haereti_fw-la cap._n 31._o num_fw-la 3._o for_o these_o be_v enemy_n to_o our_o faith_n in_o general_n and_o err_v not_o in_o particular_a point_n of_o it_o i_o say_v who_o err_v pertinatious_o because_o such_o as_o err_v ignorant_o or_o as_o have_v err_v perverse_o do_v not_o pertinatious_o adhere_v to_o their_o error_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v heretic_n and_o this_o repentance_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v any_o time_n even_o after_o sentence_n to_o stop_v the_o execution_n carer_n fol._n 642._o except_o they_o have_v relapse_v in_o their_o heresy_n for_o their_o second_o fall_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v off_o by_o repentance_n but_o though_o their_o repentance_n secure_v they_o against_o death_n in_o the_o first_o fall_n yet_o the_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n igneus_fw-la in_o l._n ff_o ad_fw-la sillan_n cook_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi ii_o though_o some_o make_v the_o adoration_n and_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n to_o be_v heresy_n yet_o other_o do_v more_o judicious_o determine_v that_o if_o these_o devil_n be_v invock_v to_o reveal_v thing_n to_o come_v than_o that_o invocation_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o heresy_n for_o that_o be_v to_o attribute_v omniscience_n to_o the_o devil_n which_o be_v one_o of_o god_n attribute_n but_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v invock_v for_o a_o particular_a end_n or_o interest_n such_o as_o that_o he_o may_v learn_v the_o invocker_n how_o to_o prevail_v with_o a_o mistress_n or_o how_o to_o gain_v a_o prince_n favour_n in_o these_o case_n the_o invocker_n be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v a_o heretic_n clarus_n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 25._o but_o neither_o do_v that_o distinction_n please_v i_o for_o such_o as_o invock_n the_o devil_n be_v not_o proper_o heretic_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o call_v they_o heretic_n who_o not_o only_o err_v in_o the_o faith_n but_o have_v renounce_v the_o faith_n entire_o and_o as_o pagan_n be_v not_o heretic_n because_o they_o worship_v false_a god_n so_o neither_o shall_v they_o who_o worship_v the_o devil_n and_o these_o who_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o these_o who_o be_v never_o baptize_v iii_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n be_v to_o be_v burn_v and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o delinquent_n movable_n clar._n num_fw-la 13._o but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n heretic_n be_v only_o to_o be_v burn_v if_o they_o will_v not_o abjure_v by_o our_o law_n heresy_n be_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n try_v by_o the_o church_n and_o the_o secular_a power_n do_v not_o meddle_v to_o condemn_v heretic_n till_o they_o be_v first_o condemn_v by_o the_o church_n ja._n 1._o par._n 2._o act._n 28._o in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v inquire_v into_o heresy_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v that_o they_o be_v punish_v as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o holy_a kirk_n require_v and_o if_o it_o master_n that_o secular_a power_n be_v call_v in_o support_n and_o help_v of_o holy_a kirk_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a first_o that_o the_o kirk_n be_v judge_n to_o heresy_n in_o
prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la during_o popery_n and_o this_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o doctor_n who_o think_v heresy_n crimen_fw-la mere_a ecclesiasticum_fw-la alcia_n in_o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 37._o the_o offic_n ord_n but_o they_o just_o conclude_v as_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o the_o punishment_n to_o the_o secular_a judge_n and_o this_o canonist_n call_v tradere_fw-la hâ—reticum_fw-la brachio_n seculari_fw-la and_o clarus_n do_v so_o far_a appropiat_fw-la this_o trial_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n that_o he_o allow_v not_o so_o much_o the_o secular_a judge_n as_o the_o power_n of_o mitigate_a the_o punishment_n and_o yet_o now_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la to_o such_o as_o hear_v or_o say_v mass_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o be_v in_o general_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n as_o guilty_a of_o heresy_n and_o yet_o the_o popish_a church_n be_v still_o judge_n to_o the_o protestant_n though_o they_o be_v condemn_v in_o general_a as_o heretic_n for_o the_o heretic_n be_v try_v and_o condemn_v first_o by_o the_o ecclesiastic_a judge_n among_o they_o the_o second_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o this_o act_n be_v that_o among_o ecclesiastic_n the_o bishop_n be_v the_o first_o judge_n in_o heresy_n which_o be_v also_o conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o canonist_n clar._n h._n t._n num_fw-la 5._o after_o the_o reformation_n there_o be_v a_o confession_n of_o faith_n make_v and_o be_v set_v down_o by_o king_n james_n in_o his_o first_o parliament_n and_o ratify_v act_n 4._o and_o they_o who_o profess_v not_o the_o true_a religion_n may_v not_o be_v a_o judge_n but_o this_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o heritable_a office_n procurator_n nor_o member_n in_o any_o court_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 1._o c._n 9_o and_o such_o churchman_n as_o will_v not_o subscribe_v that_o confession_n be_v deprive_v ja._n 6._o pa._n 3._o act_n 46._o and_o all_o such_o as_o refuse_v to_o subscribe_v be_v to_o be_v repute_n rebel_n and_o enemy_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o government_n act_n 47._o iv._o our_o law_n fear_v the_o pain_n take_v by_o the_o romish_a church_n more_o than_o the_o hazard_n arise_v from_o any_o else_o have_v be_v more_o severe_a to_o these_o than_o to_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o sayer_n or_o hearer_n of_o mass_n or_o such_o as_o be_v present_a thereat_o be_v punish_v 5._o act_n 1._o p._n i._n 6._o by_o confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n of_o their_o person_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n banishment_n for_o the_o second_o fault_n and_o death_n for_o the_o three_o fault_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o hear_v mass_n for_o curiosity_n may_v be_v thus_o punish_v which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a abroad_o and_o it_o seem_v that_o heresy_n must_v be_v a_o act_n upon_o design_n and_o yet_o this_o law_n make_v no_o distinction_n here_o 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o by_o confiscation_n of_o good_n immovable_a be_v mean_v land_n and_o heritage_n for_o they_o be_v call_v bona_fw-la immobilia_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o this_o shall_v only_o extend_v to_o heritable_a bond_n and_o such_o like_a but_o not_o to_o land_n for_o heritage_n use_v always_o to_o be_v express_v distinct_o when_o the_o confiscation_n of_o it_o be_v design_v and_o if_o heritage_n be_v forefault_v by_o the_o first_o fault_n the_o punishment_n of_o the_o first_o will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o second_o fault_n which_o be_v only_a banishment_n nor_o do_v heritage_n use_v to_o be_v express_v under_o the_o word_n good_n but_o thereafter_o the_o sayer_n of_o mass_n and_o traffic_v papist_n and_o the_o receiver_n of_o they_o against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v be_v declare_v guilty_a of_o treason_n act_n 120._o pa._n 12._o ja._n 6._o but_o from_o these_o word_n against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o only_o such_o jesuit_n and_o other_o as_o traffic_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n person_n and_o government_n such_o as_o these_o who_o attempt_v the_o gun-powder-treason_n or_o to_o kill_v the_o king_n or_o raise_v rebellion_n be_v only_o guilty_a of_o treason_n which_o seem_v the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o make_v simple_a endeavour_v to_o persuade_v other_o in_o mere_a matter_n of_o religion_n to_o be_v treason_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o such_o jesuit_n or_o traffic_v papist_n or_o receipter_n of_o either_o as_o satisfy_v the_o king_n and_o kirk_n be_v not_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n so_o that_o here_o treason_n be_v take_v away_o by_o repentance_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o though_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o heretic_n conform_v to_o the_o abovecited_a 5._o act._n 1._o pa._n ja._n 6._o for_o the_o act_n only_o declare_v that_o the_o penalty_n foresay_a shall_v not_o strike_v against_o they_o and_o though_o as_o i_o observe_v former_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o heresy_n may_v by_o repentance_n save_o themselves_o from_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n yet_o be_v they_o still_o declare_v liable_a to_o other_o punishment_n such_o as_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n but_o yet_o since_o our_o law_n appoint_v no_o other_o punishment_n against_o trafficker_n and_o receipter_n of_o jesuit_n but_o what_o be_v express_v here_o and_o that_o the_o punishment_n here_o express_v be_v take_v off_o in_o case_n of_o repentance_n i_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o punishment_n can_v be_v inflict_v in_o case_n of_o repentance_n against_o these_o and_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a that_o mere_a error_n in_o faith_n shall_v be_v pardon_v by_o mere_a repentance_n but_o as_o to_o the_o sayer_n and_o hearer_n of_o mass_n the_o former_a act_n seem_v to_o stand_v the_o seller_n also_o and_o disperser_n of_o erroneous_a and_o popish_a book_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrary_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o 25._o act_n 11._o pa._n ja._n 6._o but_o the_o statutory_a word_n run_v only_o against_o the_o home-bringer_n of_o such_o book_n the_o book_n also_o be_v to_o be_v destroy_v and_o warrant_n be_v give_v to_o magistrate_n of_o burgh_n with_o a_o minister_n to_o intromet_n with_o they_o without_o hazard_n of_o spuilzie_a but_o yet_o the_o practica_fw-la other_o officer_n such_o as_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o regality_n do_v intromet_n with_o such_o book_n though_o they_o be_v not_o warrant_v and_o though_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o though_o the_o act_n ordain_v a_o minister_n to_o be_v present_a which_o be_v certain_o appoint_v that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v whether_o the_o book_n be_v popish_a yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la magistrate_n use_v to_o intromet_n without_o have_v a_o minister_n present_a i_o find_v no_o express_a punishment_n against_o other_o heretic_n in_o our_o law_n nor_o de_fw-la praxi_fw-la be_v other_o heretic_n punish_v corporal_o but_o whether_o they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v conform_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o upon_o that_o general_a act_n of_o k._n james_n the_o first_o i_o will_v not_o determine_v as_o also_o it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o banish_v only_a jesuit_n and_o sayer_n of_o mass_n as_o be_v do_v december_n 9_o 1573._o mr_n john_n robertson_n be_v banish_v by_o order_n from_o the_o council_n he_o enact_v himself_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n never_o to_o return_v to_o scotland_n v._o the_o common_a law_n or_o doctor_n have_v introduce_v many_o specialty_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o crime_n as_o first_o that_o less_o clear_a probation_n be_v admit_v in_o prove_v heresy_n than_o other_o crime_n clar._n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 20._o and_o by_o a_o old_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la woman_n and_o pupil_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v with_o we_o to_o prove_v hear_v and_o say_v of_o mass_n else_o that_o crime_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v 2._o a_o heretic_n may_v be_v try_v after_o death_n alber._n in_o rubr_n h._n t._n which_o they_o say_v hold_v not_o only_o in_o a_o heretic_n find_v guilty_a by_o probation_n haereticus_fw-la verus_fw-la but_o in_o these_o who_o be_v cite_v to_o compear_v for_o heresy_n but_o compear_v not_o who_o they_o call_v haereticum_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la but_o this_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o no_o not_o in_o these_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n as_o be_v traffique_a jesuit_n or_o papist_n for_o only_a perduellion_n be_v by_o our_o law_n to_o by_o try_v after_o death_n but_o though_o the_o heretic_n can_v be_v punish_v after_o death_n yet_o his_o opinion_n may_v be_v condemn_v as_o heretical_a even_o after_o his_o death_n title_n v._o simony_n baratry_n 1_o what_o be_v simony_n 2_o how_o it_o
by_o imprisonment_n during_o life_n forfeit_v of_o good_n and_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n during_o life_n for_o this_o crime_n the_o earl_n of_o morton_n be_v execute_v by_o king_n james_n 6._o for_o have_v conceal_v the_o design_v death_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o conceal_v be_v treason_n where_o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o repress_v or_o punish_v the_o treason_n that_o be_v intend_v for_o there_o the_o end_n of_o reveal_v seem_v to_o cease_v which_o be_v information_n in_o order_n to_o resistance_n it_o have_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o not_o reveal_v treason_n be_v punishable_a where_o the_o treason_n be_v design_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o queen_n but_o since_o they_o be_v likewise_o subject_n and_o may_v commit_v treason_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v treason_n in_o any_o other_o to_o conceal_v their_o treasonable_a design_n fourteen_o the_o eleven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v swear_v to_o colour_n but_o even_o to_o such_o as_o be_v warn_v to_o and_o do_v attend_v the_o king_n host_n vid._n tit_n the_o jurisdiction_n over_o soldier_n xv._n the_o twelve_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o deny_v his_o majesty_n have_v the_o only_a power_n of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v of_o parliament_n act_n 3.1_o parl._n ch._n 2._o xvi_o by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v treason_n to_o kill_v any_o of_o the_o prince_n counsellor_n because_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n own_o body_n l._n quisquis_fw-la c._n h._n t._n but_o with_o we_o the_o pursue_v or_o invade_v any_o of_o the_o session_n secret_a council_n or_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n but_o not_o as_o treason_n act_n 4._o parl._n 16._o ja._n 6._o by_o officer_n here_o be_v mean_v only_a officer_n of_o state_n else_o it_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o messenger_n and_o i_o hear_v it_o resolve_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o as_o invade_v the_o lyon_n and_o these_o word_n any_o of_o the_o session_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o advocat_n clerk_n macer_n or_o any_o else_o beside_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act._n but_o i_o think_v the_o quality_n adject_v that_o they_o be_v invade_v for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o circumstance_n and_o presumption_n as_o if_o a_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o have_v lose_v a_o cause_n shall_v invade_v the_o next_o day_n a_o lord_n who_o have_v vote_v against_o he_o and_o the_o word_n this_o be_v verify_v and_o try_v import_v so_o much_o but_o the_o stat._n edward_n 3._o be_v much_o more_o clear_a make_v it_o treason_n to_o kill_v the_o officer_n therein_o mention_v only_o viz._n chancellor_n thesaurer_n chief_a justice_n of_o either_o bench_n or_o any_o judge_n of_o either_o bench_n sit_v in_o judgement_n only_o and_o from_o this_o statute_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n we_o may_v argue_v that_o the_o kill_a none_o below_o a_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act._n the_o kill_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o in_o england_n treason_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v a_o high_a judicatory_a than_o any_o express_v in_o the_o act._n and_o cook_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o allow_v not_o argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la to_o infer_v crime_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kill_a a_o member_n of_o parliament_n will_v not_o infer_v death_n by_o this_o act_n since_o they_o fall_v under_o no_o qualification_n therein_o specify_v in_o england_n kill_v officer_n fall_v only_o under_o the_o statute_n but_o with_o we_o invade_v or_o pursue_v they_o be_v death_n though_o it_o take_v no_o effect_n quaritur_fw-la if_o to_o invade_v they_o when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v fall_v under_o the_o statute_n since_o they_o be_v not_o under_o that_o character_n elsewhere_o or_o if_o he_o who_o invade_v they_o during_o their_o be_v suspend_v will_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o during_o that_o time_n they_o retain_v the_o character_n and_o the_o exercise_n be_v only_o suspend_v and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n that_o a_o statute_n punish_v such_o as_o invade_v magistrate_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v once_o admit_v but_o not_o to_o such_o as_o be_v only_o name_v or_o elect_v for_o such_o statute_n be_v extend_v in_o gratiosis_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v restrict_v in_o such_o odious_a point_n as_o their_o cabal_n case_z 148._o treasonable_a word_n vid._n t._n injury_n and_o libel_n xvii_o the_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o division_n be_v statutory_a treason_n which_o comprehend_v under_o it_o several_a other_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o because_o they_o relate_v to_o other_o crime_n therefore_o i_o shall_v also_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o these_o title_n wherein_o these_o crime_n be_v principal_o treat_v of_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o act_n that_o these_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o therefore_o these_o statutory_a treason_n have_v not_o at_o all_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o treason_n as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o woman_n &_o alios_fw-la testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la or_o that_o he_o who_o accuse_v in_o these_o will_v commit_v treason_n if_o he_o prove_v not_o his_o accusation_n thus_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v be_v treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 3._o cap._n ultimo_fw-la theft_n in_o landed-man_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 50._o vid._n tit_n theft_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 51._o vid._n tit_n murder_n sayer_n of_o mass_n jesuit_n traffic_v papist_n and_o their_o resetter_n commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 120._o vid._n tit_n heresy_n to_o buy_v or_o bring_v home_o poison_n be_v treason_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 7._o c._n 31._o vid._n poison_n thief_n who_o take_v leill_n man_n upon_o bond_n to_o re-enter_v they_o commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 21._o but_o though_o this_o act_n speak_v general_o of_o the_o take_n of_o any_o scottish-man_n yet_o it_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o narrative_a and_o the_o whole_a strain_n of_o the_o act_n that_o the_o same_o strike_v only_o against_o such_o thief_n as_o keep_v correspondence_n with_o the_o english_a and_o take_v scottish-man_n prisoner_n into_o england_n but_o custom_n have_v interpret_v this_o otherwise_o for_o duncan_n macgrigor_n be_v 15._o july_n 1643._o convict_v and_o hang_v as_o a_o traitor_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o take_v james_n anderson_n and_o john_n mackie_n and_o the_o take_n of_o captain_n cairn_n find_v relevant_a as_o a_o article_n of_o treason_n against_o assint_fw-la to_o usurp_v any_o prelate_n place_n after_o his_o decease_n be_v likewise_o treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 7._o cap._n 125._o xviii_o this_o crime_n have_v in_o it_o many_o specialty_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o other_o crime_n as_o first_o he_o who_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n do_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n if_o the_o defender_n be_v acquit_v which_o be_v occasion_v as_o the_o act_n bear_v because_o of_o the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n but_o since_o the_o the_o act_n say_v express_o that_o this_o shall_v take_v place_n where_o the_o party_n calumniat_fw-la be_v call_v accuse_v and_o quit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n therefore_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi raise_v summons_n of_o treason_n and_o shall_v pass_v from_o the_o same_o before_o the_o panel_n go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v punish_v poena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o traitor_n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v if_o this_o hold_v in_o statutory_a treason_n as_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o that_o act_n be_v the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o rigid_a law_n shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o these_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v not_o so_o odious_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n another_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o it_o can_v only_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o e._n 1._o v._n 1._o and_o that_o because_o of_o the_o king_n immediate_a interest_n since_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o the_o fiscal_n in_o inferior_a court_n will_v be_v as_o careful_a as_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n who_o can_v appear_v there_o and_o because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n and_o great_a consequence_n of_o that_o crime_n but_o it_o may_v be_v
reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la conditione_n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la animatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o perduellion_n be_v hostilis_fw-la animus_n a_o design_n of_o raise_v arms._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o not_o only_o statutory_a treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n but_o that_o even_o simple_a conceal_n and_o not_o reveal_v or_o a_o malicious_a design_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n and_o such_o other_o treason_n as_o show_v not_o a_o desire_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o yet_o the_o basil._n l._n 12._o h._n t._n say_v that_o all_o the_o head_n of_o treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n excepto_fw-la capite_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o insidiarum_fw-la contra_fw-la principem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o defunct_a traitor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v up_o and_o bring_v to_o the_o panel_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o restalrig_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o defunct_n near_o of_o kin_n be_v call_v as_o defender_n for_o their_o interest_n both_o because_o their_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o forefaultur_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v defend_v the_o defunct_a and_o object_n both_o against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o the_o hability_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n add_v very_o well_o that_o haereditas_fw-la publicatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la crimen_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o since_o the_o forefault_a after_o death_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o former_a act_n bear_v express_o that_o these_o pursuit_n may_v be_v intend_v conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o these_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v with_o we_o in_o five_o year_n as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o shall_v since_o these_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la sequi_fw-la incommodum_fw-la the_o six_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n to_o the_o assize_n in_o perduellion_n though_o in_o other_o case_n the_o pannel_n advocat_n be_v to_o be_v last_o speaker_n and_o the_o last_o speaker_n have_v much_o advantage_n for_o he_o may_v answer_v all_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o opponent_n art_n 11._o regulation_n 1670._o xxiii_o the_o last_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o albeit_o of_o old_a no_o person_n can_v be_v condemn_v in_o absence_n by_o the_o justice_n yet_o the_o parliament_n still_o can_v have_v proceed_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n and_o now_o by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o perduellion_n and_o of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o probation_n and_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n even_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v first_o propound_v as_o a_o querie_n to_o the_o council_n they_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o session_n to_o who_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n give_v in_o the_o follow_a reason_n and_o query_n upon_o the_o 15._o august_n 1667._o whether_o or_o not_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n albeit_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n upon_o citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n and_o evidence_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n and_o doom_n of_o forefaultur_n if_o the_o ditty_n be_v prove_v the_o reason_n of_o scruple_n be_v that_o process_n of_o forefaultur_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a and_o that_o in_o other_o ordinary_a crime_n the_o defender_n if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a reason_n appear_v to_o be_v strong_a and_o relevant_a for_o the_o affirmative_a 1._o by_o the_o common_a law_n albeit_o a_o party_n absent_a can_v be_v condemn_v for_o a_o crime_n yet_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la exceptum_fw-la this_o be_v a_o speciality_n that_o absent_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v 2._o by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 5_o his_o 6._o parliament_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v good_a cause_n and_o action_n to_o pursue_v all_o summons_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n and_o commonwealth_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o good_a equity_n and_o reason_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o special_a law_n act_n or_o provision_n make_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o see_v by_o the_o common_a law_n person_n guilty_a of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v though_o they_o be_v absent_a it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n shall_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_n person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o absent_a and_o that_o he_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o say_a act_n so_o to_o do_v 3._o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o law_n equity_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a case_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o a_o worse_o by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o a_o traitor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o addition_n if_o any_o can_v be_v add_v to_o so_o high_a a_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v impunity_n and_o his_o majesty_n prejudge_v of_o the_o casuality_n arise_v to_o he_o by_o his_o forefaultur_n 4._o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o use_n to_o proceed_v and_o pronounce_v doom_n of_o forefaultur_n though_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o and_o by_o a_o legislative_a power_n but_o as_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n what_o be_v just_a before_o they_o be_v just_a and_o warrantable_a before_o other_o judicatories_n in_o the_o like_a case_n 5._o by_o the_o abovementioned_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o summon_v and_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v intent_a and_o pursue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o delinquent_n either_o his_o memory_n or_o estate_n delate_v the_o one_o and_o forefault_v the_o other_o whereupon_o sentence_n may_v follow_v to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a and_o therefore_o see_v sentence_n may_v follow_v when_o the_o delinquent_n can_v be_v present_a and_o be_v not_o in_o be_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o when_o they_o be_v wilful_o and_o contumacious_o absent_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v if_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n for_o punish_v and_o forefault_v of_o person_n be_v absent_a or_o that_o he_o shall_v wait_v till_o they_o die_v especial_o see_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o probation_n may_v perish_v by_o decease_n of_o the_o witness_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n their_o opinion_n edinburgh_n the_o 26._o of_o february_n 1667._o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n have_v consider_v the_o query_n above-written_a present_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n bellenden_n his_o majesty_n thesaurer_n depute_v it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o upon_o the_o justice_n citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n take_v before_o they_o the_o judge_n and_o assize_n may_v proceed_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n thereintil_o and_o forefaulter_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n though_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a sic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la io._n gilmore_n i._n p._n d._n upon_o this_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o process_n lead_v against_o these_o person_n and_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n parl._n 2._o ch._n 2._o ses._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o and_o judge_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o the_o parliament_n retain_v still_o a_o power_n cumulative_a with_o the_o justice_n and_o when_o process_n of_o treason_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o they_o may_v proceed_v as_o former_o and_o think_v this_o last_o act_n a_o great_a innovation_n of_o all_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o imaginable_a but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v safe_a that_o that_o privilege_n will_v have_v be_v grant_v to_o his_o majesty_n former_o and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o l._n penult_n ff_n de_fw-fr requirendis_fw-la eris_fw-la nam_fw-la annotabantur_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la post_fw-la anum_fw-la non_fw-la comparuerit_fw-la &_o satis_fw-la dederit_fw-la de_fw-la stando_fw-la non_fw-la recuperabit_fw-la
causam_fw-la dederit_fw-la there_o be_v a_o civil_a action_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n allow_v ex_fw-la lege_fw-la aquilia_fw-la but_o for_o the_o further_a understanding_n incendii_fw-la culpas_fw-la the_o more_o exact_a doctor_n do_v distinguish_v betwixt_o incendium_fw-la ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la levi_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la levissima_fw-la commissum_fw-la and_o since_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la aequi_fw-la paratur_fw-la dolo_fw-la therefore_o they_o make_v it_o to_o be_v corporeal_o punishable_a though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o punishment_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o death_n but_o if_o the_o same_o be_v commit_v only_o ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la levi_fw-la than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_a but_o if_o the_o committer_n have_v not_o wherewith_o to_o pay_v his_o fine_a he_o may_v subsidiar_o be_v punish_v in_o his_o person_n but_o if_o the_o fire_n be_v raise_v per_fw-la culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la than_o the_o committer_n can_v never_o be_v punish_v corporeal_o even_o though_o he_o want_v money_n wherewith_o to_o pay_v his_o fine_a dicunt_fw-la tamen_fw-la aliqui_fw-la culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la in_o faciendo_fw-la aequiparari_fw-la culpae_fw-la levi_fw-la in_o committendo_fw-la alex._n con_v 55._o ix_o by_o our_o law_n he_o who_o burn_v a_o house_n in_o a_o town_n by_o misgovernance_n and_o not_o of_o set_a purpose_n as_o the_o act_n say_v he_o shall_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o town_n and_o his_o good_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o he_o who_o suffer_v the_o prejudice_n and_o shall_v likewise_o be_v banish_v for_o three_o year_n and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o good_n he_o shall_v be_v scourge_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n and_o through_o the_o town_n and_o shall_v be_v banish_v for_o seven_o year_n but_o if_o he_o who_o owe_v the_o house_n do_v either_o by_o himself_o his_o wife_n or_o bairn_n id_fw-la est_fw-la negligent_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n albeit_o no_o neighbour_n be_v thereby_o prejudge_v yet_o he_o shall_v be_v banish_v the_o town_n for_o three_o year_n and_o if_o he_o to_o who_o the_o house_n be_v set_v burn_v the_o same_o negligent_o he_o shall_v repair_v the_o damage_n and_o be_v baninish_v for_o three_o year_n or_o if_o a_o stranger_n or_o traveller_n burn_v as_o say_v be_v he_o shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o repair_v the_o skaith_n which_o if_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v he_o shall_v abide_v in_o sickerness_n id_fw-la est_fw-la in_o prison_n at_o the_o king_n will_n and_o if_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n be_v negligent_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n they_o be_v to_o be_v unlaw_v in_o ten_o pound_n and_o if_o fire_n happen_v in_o husband-town_n in_o barony_n they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o lord_n id_fw-la est_fw-la baron_n in_o likemanner_n as_o magistrate_n do_v within_o burgh_n ja._n 1._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 75._o by_o this_o act_n likewise_o no_o fire_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v from_o on_o house_n to_o another_o but_o in_o a_o cover_a vessel_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o un-law_n but_o since_o this_o un-law_n be_v not_o express_v it_o be_v therefore_o arbitrary_a to_o the_o judge_n to_o raise_v it_o as_o high_a as_o his_o jurisdiction_n will_v suffer_v though_o in_o justice_n he_o shall_v proportion_v it_o to_o the_o crime_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v not_o tax_v here_o of_o design_n that_o it_o may_v be_v proportion_v as_o say_v be_v upon_o this_o act_n there_o may_v be_v several_a doubt_n raise_v as_o first_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n misgovernance_n for_o clear_v whereof_o the_o common_a distinction_n make_v by_o the_o doctor_n and_o relate_v by_o alexander_n consilio_fw-la 55._o will_v be_v consider_v and_o it_o appear_v that_o misgovernance_n in_o this_o case_n do_v include_v culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la the_o mean_a fault_n because_o the_o act_n bear_v misgovernance_n and_o not_o of_o set_a purpose_n so_o that_o whatever_o be_v not_o of_o set_a purpose_n or_o design_v be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act._n likeas_n the_o word_n reckles_o which_o be_v likewise_o use_v in_o this_o act_n as_o exegetick_a of_o the_o former_a may_v be_v proper_o enough_o extend_v to_o culpa_fw-la levissima_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v upon_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o since_o the_o punishment_n of_o servant_n raise_v fire_n by_o misgovernance_n be_v to_o be_v scourge_v public_o and_o then_o banish_v and_o that_o master_n be_v punish_v if_o they_o burn_v their_o own_o house_n after_o that_o manner_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o extend_v this_o punishment_n ad_fw-la culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la and_o as_o the_o law_n interpret_v obligation_n to_o give_v wine_n or_o corn_n neither_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o best_a nor_o worst_a of_o that_o species_n so_o in_o this_o case_n misgovernance_n shall_v be_v interpret_v as_o that_o it_o may_v proper_o neither_o be_v mean_v of_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la nor_o levissima_fw-la but_o of_o culpa_fw-la levis_fw-la which_o be_v media_fw-la and_o the_o word_n misgovernance_n proper_o do_v imply_v a_o fault_n that_o be_v considerable_a &_o verba_fw-la poenam_fw-la imponentia_fw-la sunt_fw-la strictissime_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la as_o lawyer_n observe_v 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o if_o child_n who_o be_v not_o come_v to_o that_o age_n at_o which_o they_o be_v only_o punishable_a themselves_o shall_v burn_v the_o father_n house_n if_o the_o father_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o albeit_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o he_o be_v see_v accident_n without_o judgement_n be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n by_o repair_v the_o damage_n do_v yet_o it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o he_o be_v not_o because_o 1._o he_o who_o have_v no_o government_n by_o law_n of_o himself_o or_o any_o thing_n else_o can_v be_v say_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n by_o misgovernance_n 2._o child_n in_o law_n be_v equiparat_fw-la to_o furious_a person_n or_o idiot_n and_o as_o the_o father_n can_v not_o be_v punishable_a for_o what_o be_v do_v by_o his_o child_n be_v furious_a and_o idiot_n so_o neither_o can_v he_o be_v punishable_a for_o what_o be_v do_v by_o they_o whilst_o they_o be_v impuberes_fw-la 3._o quia_fw-la accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la naturam_fw-la svi_fw-la principalis_fw-la &_o subsidiarium_fw-la naturam_fw-la ejus_fw-la cui_fw-la est_fw-la subsidiarum_fw-la and_o therefore_o where_o the_o child_n himself_o can_v be_v punish_v we_o ought_v to_o conclude_v that_o the_o father_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o he_o xi_o the_o doctor_n do_v conclude_v that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n be_v bind_v not_o only_o for_o his_o own_o but_o likewise_o for_o the_o fault_n of_o any_o of_o the_o family_n who_o raise_v fire_n for_o have_v choose_v they_o himself_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v liable_a for_o their_o fault_n and_o he_o ought_v to_o blame_v himself_o for_o not_o choose_v of_o better_a servant_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v restrict_v to_o the_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o servant_n in_o their_o respective_a employment_n to_o which_o they_o be_v make_v overseer_n by_o master_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o cook_n shall_v leave_v the_o fire_n secure_o at_o night_n in_o the_o kitchen_n but_o a_o laquie_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n shall_v thereafter_o come_v in_o to_o the_o kitchen_n and_o scatter_v it_o so_o as_o that_o both_o their_o master_n and_o the_o neighbour_n house_n be_v burn_v they_o conclude_v that_o the_o master_n will_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o make_v up_o his_o neighbour_n damage_n since_o the_o master_n be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v the_o person_n choose_v by_o he_o have_v do_v his_o duty_n carpz_n part_n 1._o quest_n 39_o num_fw-la 51_o &_o 52._o but_o this_o seem_v unreasonable_a for_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o master_n shall_v not_o have_v choose_v any_o such_o servant_n and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o the_o neighbour_n by_o who_o the_o prejudice_n be_v do_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v without_o the_o committer_n office_n or_o not_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o consider_v whether_o the_o person_n who_o do_v the_o injury_n be_v know_v to_o be_v a_o profligat_fw-la or_o vicious_a person_n before_o he_o be_v employ_v and_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o may_v be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n because_o it_o will_v secure_v neighbour_n and_o be_v advantageous_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o none_o shall_v employ_v servant_n who_o be_v not_o sufficient_a title_n x._o witchcraft_n 1._o wierus_n argument_n against_o the_o punish_n of_o witch_n with_o the_o answer_v thereto_o 2._o some_o observation_n which_o may_v persuade_v a_o judge_n to_o be_v cautious_a in_o judge_v this_o crime_n 3._o upon_o what_o presumption_n witch_n may_v be_v apprehend_v 4._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a thereto_o 5._o paction_n with_o the_o devil_n 6._o renounce_v of_o baptism_n 7._o the_o devil_n mark_v 8._o threaten_v to_o do_v mischief_n how_o
she_o know_v she_o will_v starve_v for_o no_o person_n thereafter_o will_v either_o give_v her_o meat_n or_o lodging_n and_o that_o all_o man_n will_v beat_v she_o and_o hound_n dog_n at_o she_o and_o that_o therefore_o she_o desire_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o world_n whereupon_o she_o weep_v most_o bitter_o and_o upon_o her_o knee_n call_v god_n to_o witness_v to_o what_o she_o say_v another_o tell_v i_o that_o she_o be_v afraid_a the_o devil_n will_v challenge_v a_o right_n to_o she_o after_o she_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o servant_n and_o will_v haunt_v she_o as_o the_o minister_n say_v when_o he_o be_v desire_v she_o to_o confess_v and_o therefore_o she_o desire_v to_o die_v and_o real_o minister_n be_v ofttimes_o indiscreet_a in_o their_o zeal_n to_o have_v poor_a creature_n to_o confess_v in_o this_o and_o i_o recommend_v to_o judge_n that_o the_o wise_a minister_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o they_o and_o those_o who_o be_v send_v shall_v be_v cautious_a in_o this_o vi_o many_o of_o they_o confess_v thing_n which_o all_o divine_n conclude_v impossible_a as_o transmutation_n of_o their_o body_n into_o beast_n and_o money_n into_o stone_n and_o their_o go_v through_o wall_n and_o close_o door_n and_o a_o thousand_o other_o ridiculous_a thing_n which_o have_v no_o truth_n nor_o existence_n but_o in_o their_o fancy_n vii_o the_o accuser_n here_o be_v master_n or_o neighbour_n who_o have_v their_o child_n dead_a and_o be_v engage_v by_o grief_n to_o suspect_v these_o poor_a creature_n i_o know_v one_o likewise_o burn_v because_o the_o lady_n be_v jealous_a of_o she_o with_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o crime_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o they_o be_v never_o assist_v or_o defend_v by_o their_o relation_n viii_o the_o witness_n and_o assyser_n be_v afraid_a that_o if_o they_o escape_v that_o they_o will_v die_v for_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o take_v a_o unwarrantable_a latitude_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o scarce_o ever_o any_o who_o be_v accuse_v before_o a_o country_n assize_n of_o neighbour_n do_v escape_v that_o trial_n ix_o commission_n be_v grant_v ordinary_o to_o gentleman_n and_o other_o in_o the_o country_n who_o be_v suspect_v upon_o this_o account_n and_o who_o be_v not_o exact_o enough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o crime_n which_o be_v so_o debateable_a among_o the_o most_o learned_a nor_o have_v the_o panel_n any_o to_o plead_v for_o they_o and_o to_o take_v notice_n who_o be_v lead_v as_o witness_n so_o that_o many_o be_v admit_v who_o be_v testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la and_o suspect_v and_o albeit_o their_o confession_n be_v send_v to_o and_o advise_v by_o the_o council_n before_o such_o commission_n be_v grant_v yet_o the_o council_n can_v know_v how_o these_o confession_n be_v emit_v nor_o all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a and_o can_v be_v know_v at_o a_o distance_n very_o many_o of_o these_o poor_a silly_a woman_n do_v reseal_a at_o the_o stake_n from_o the_o confâ—ssions_n they_o emit_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o yet_o have_v die_v very_o penitent_a and_o as_o it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o few_o will_v accuse_v themselves_o or_o confess_v against_o their_o own_o life_n yet_o very_a many_o confess_v this_o crime_n 3._o the_o method_n i_o shall_v use_v in_o treat_v of_o this_o crime_n shall_v be_v 1._o upon_o what_o suspicion_n witch_n may_v be_v apprehend_v 2._o what_o judge_n be_v competent_a 3._o what_o ditty_n be_v be_v relevant_a 4._o what_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a 5._o what_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n as_o to_o the_o first_o i_o know_v it_o be_v ordinary_a in_o scotland_n not_o only_o that_o magistrate_n do_v apprehend_v witch_n almost_o upon_o any_o dilation_n but_o even_o gentleman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v master_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v likewise_o make_v they_o prisoner_n and_o keep_v they_o so_o till_o they_o transmit_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o justice_n of_o peace_n magistrate_n or_o to_o some_o open_a prison_n but_o all_o this_o procedor_fw-la be_v most_o unwarrantable_a for_o gentleman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v vest_v with_o no_o authority_n shall_v upon_o no_o account_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n apprehend_v any_o upon_o suspicion_n that_o they_o be_v witch_n since_o to_o apprehend_v be_v a_o act_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v no_o prison_n shall_v receive_v any_o as_o suspect_v of_o witchcraft_n until_o they_o know_v that_o the_o person_n offer_v to_o they_o be_v apprehend_v by_o lawful_a authority_n 2._o since_o imprisonment_n be_v a_o punishment_n and_o constant_o attend_v with_o much_o infamy_n to_o the_o name_n and_o detriment_n to_o the_o affair_n of_o he_o who_o be_v imprison_v especial_o in_o witchcraft_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o there_o must_v some_o presumption_n precede_v all_o inquisition_n for_o the_o mean_a degree_n of_o inquisition_n though_o without_o captour_n do_v somewhat_o defame_v and_o that_o the_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v apprehend_v except_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o event_n of_o the_o inquisition_n that_o she_o lie_v under_o either_o many_o or_o pregnant_a suspicion_n such_o as_o that_o she_o be_v defame_v by_o other_o witch_n that_o she_o have_v be_v herself_o of_o a_o evil_a fame_n that_o she_o have_v be_v find_v charm_v or_o that_o the_o ordinary_a instrument_n of_o charm_v be_v find_v in_o her_o house_n and_o according_a to_o delrio_n opinion_n lib._n 5._o sect._n 2._o ad_fw-la assumendas_fw-la informationes_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la levia_fw-la judicia_fw-la sed_fw-la gravia_fw-la requiruntur_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la ut_fw-la citetur_fw-la reus_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la judex_fw-la specialiter_fw-la inquirat_fw-la iv._o witchcraft_n be_v crimen_fw-la utriusque_fw-la fori_fw-la by_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kirk-session_n use_v to_o inquire_v into_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o scandal_n and_o to_o take_v the_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n to_o receive_v witness_n against_o they_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n of_o janet_n barker_n and_o margaret_n lawder_n decemb_v 9_o 1643._o but_o since_o so_o much_o weight_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o deposition_n there_o emit_v kirk-session_n shall_v be_v very_o cautious_a in_o their_o procedor_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n q._n m._n 9_o parl._n 73._o act._n all_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o their_o depute_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n have_v power_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v ordain_v to_o execute_v that_o act_n against_o witchcraft_n which_o can_v import_v no_o more_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v concur_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n by_o apprehend_v or_o imprison_v the_o party_n suspect_v but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o they_o may_v concur_v that_o therefore_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o crime_n since_o the_o relevancy_n in_o it_o be_v ofttimes_o so_o intricat_a and_o the_o procedor_fw-la require_v necessary_o so_o much_o arbitrariness_n and_o the_o punishment_n be_v so_o severe_a that_o these_o consideration_n joint_o shall_v appropriate_v the_o cognition_n thereof_o sole_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n nor_o find_v i_o any_o instance_n wherein_o these_o inferior_a court_n have_v try_v this_o crime_n and_o albeit_o the_o council_n do_v ofttimes_o grant_v commission_n to_o countryman_n yet_o that_o seem_v dangerous_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o by_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v appoint_v that_o no_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o try_v murder_n and_o yet_o witchcraft_n shall_v be_v so_o try_v by_o commission_n the_o justice_n â—hen_o be_v the_o proper_a judge_n in_o witchcraft_n v._o as_o to_o the_o relevancy_n in_o this_o crime_n the_o first_o article_n use_v to_o be_v paction_n to_o serve_v the_o devil_n which_o be_v certain_o relevant_a per_fw-la se_fw-la without_o any_o addition_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o inditement_n especial_o in_o that_o of_o margaret_n hutchison_n august_n 10._o 1661._o and_o by_o delrio_n carpz_n p._n 1._o quest_n 49._o and_o other_o but_o because_o the_o devil_n use_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o man_n when_o he_o desire_v these_o poor_a creature_n to_o serve_v he_o therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v interrogat_n if_o they_o know_v he_o to_o be_v the_o devil_n when_o they_o condescend_v to_o his_o service_n paction_n with_o the_o devil_n be_v divide_v by_o lawyer_n in_o expressum_fw-la &_o tacitum_fw-la a_o express_a and_o tacit_n paction_n express_v paction_n be_v perform_v either_o by_o a_o formal_a promise_n give_v to_o the_o devil_n then_o present_a or_o by_o present_v a_o supplication_n to_o he_o or_o by_o give_v the_o promise_n to_o a_o proxy_n or_o commissioner_n impower_v by_o the_o devil_n for_o that_o effect_n which_o be_v use_v by_o some_o who_o dare_v not_o see_v himself_o the_o formula_fw-la set_v down_o by_o delrio_n be_v i_o deny_v god_n creator_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o i_o adhere_v to_o
law_n for_o try_v the_o innocency_n of_o such_o as_o want_v other_o legal_a probation_n the_o longabard_n first_o do_v allow_v this_o way_n of_o duel_v by_o pulick_a authority_n who_o do_v regulat_fw-la it_o by_o twenty_o several_a determination_n and_o thereafter_o it_o be_v renew_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n anno._n 1360._o but_o be_v bound_v with_o these_o four_o condition_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v only_o be_v allow_v in_o criminal_a and_o capital_a case_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v only_o be_v allow_v in_o crime_n treacherous_o commit_v where_o the_o truth_n can_v not_o be_v otherways_o find_v out_o 3._o where_o there_o do_v lie_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o person_n provoke_v 4._o where_o it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v such_o a_o crime_n commit_v against_o the_o provocker_n ii_o with_o we_o in_o scotland_n duel_n be_v allow_v not_o only_o for_o clear_v of_o innocence_n as_o to_o crime_n but_o likewise_o in_o civil_a case_n as_o when_o a_o heir_n deny_v that_o his_o predecessor_n grant_v a_o conjunctfie_n r.m._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o v._n 47._o and_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v deny_v to_o be_v lawful_o buy_v by_o the_o owner_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 13._o v._n 4._o but_o thereafter_o i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o 16._o cap._n stat._n rob._n 3._o all_o duel_n be_v discharge_v except_o in_o the_o four_o former_a case_n allow_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a the_o solemnity_n of_o cartel_n use_v in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o cast_n of_o glove_n to_o one_o another_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o skeen_n ad_fw-la cap._n 24._o v._n 9_o r._n m._n duelliones_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la regno_fw-la hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la chiro_fw-la thecas_fw-la offerunt_fw-la which_o custom_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o longohard_n law_n above_o cite_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o long._n the_o duel_n and_o dumhaud_n do_fw-mi cod_n the_o place_n appoint_v by_o our_o law_n for_o such_o duel_n be_v the_o bridge_n of_o stirling_n cap._n 28._o stat._n david_n 2._o and_o if_o the_o appealer_n in_o ordinar_n crime_n be_v foil_v and_o worsted_n his_o pledge_n pay_v the_o king_n nine_o cow_n and_o a_o colpindach_n and_o satisfy_v for_o the_o calumny_n stat._n alex._n cap._n 11._o but_o in_o treason_n the_o appealer_n worsted_n become_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o the_o party_n appease_v be_v worsted_n be_v disherish_v r._n m._n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o these_o duel_n be_v discharge_v by_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n monomachia_fw-la 2._o quest_n 4._o &_o cap._n ultim_fw-la exeunt_n de_fw-fr purge_v vulg_n though_o with_o we_o such_o judicial_a combat_n by_o authority_n be_v not_o absolute_o discharge_v for_o by_o the_o 12._o cap._n 16._o parl._n i._n 6._o wherein_o singular_a combat_n be_v discharge_v there_o be_v a_o exception_n make_v of_o such_o as_o be_v fight_v with_o his_o highness_n licence_n iii_o duel_n undertake_v without_o public_a authority_n be_v think_v by_o many_o lawyer_n to_o be_v lawful_a when_o undertake_v by_o a_o person_n who_o be_v injure_v in_o his_o honour_n if_o the_o party_n injure_v can_v be_v otherways_o repair_v either_o because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o judge_n in_o the_o place_n or_o else_o the_o injurer_n will_v not_o appear_v before_o he_o or_o though_o he_o compear_v the_o judge_n refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n ubi_fw-la enim_fw-la deficit_fw-la jus_o ibi_fw-la suplet_n ensis_fw-la &_o propria_fw-la ultio_fw-la bart._n in_o l._n host_n numb_a 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr cap_n &_o postlin_a rever_n and_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o these_o private_a combat_n be_v lawful_a for_o defence_n of_o our_o honour_n and_o as_o we_o may_v defend_v our_o life_n by_o take_v that_o of_o our_o neighbour_n so_o we_o may_v defend_v our_o honour_n by_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n but_o that_o duel_n be_v in_o themselves_o unlawful_a by_o all_o law_n appear_v very_o clear_o from_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o the_o law_n have_v just_o think_v fit_a that_o the_o magistrate_n only_o shall_v do_v justice_n to_o all_o and_o that_o no_o private_a man_n shall_v revenge_v himself_o for_o in_o so_o far_o he_o commit_v treason_n in_o assume_v the_o power_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n 2._o the_o power_n of_o take_v and_o use_v arm_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o consequent_o no_o private_a man_n shall_v run_v to_o arm_n upon_o a_o imagination_n that_o he_o be_v wrong_v in_o his_o honour_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o injury_n and_o reparation_n in_o such_o case_n a_o verbal_a injury_n be_v too_o severe_o punish_v when_o punish_v by_o death_n there_o be_v no_o proportion_n betwixt_o what_o may_v be_v help_v and_o what_o may_v not_o 4._o revenge_n belong_v to_o god_n it_o be_v a_o usurp_a of_o his_o power_n it_o be_v the_o destroy_v that_o body_n which_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o god_n the_o deface_a of_o his_o image_n whereas_o to_o deface_v even_o a_o prince_n image_n design_o be_v treason_n and_o it_o be_v a_o spill_n of_o that_o blood_n for_o which_o christ_n shed_v his_o 5._o it_o be_v a_o crime_n against_o a_o man_n self_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n self-murder_n nor_o need_v those_o who_o resolve_v to_o kill_v themselves_o take_v a_o base_a way_n since_o this_o honourable_a way_n be_v easy_a and_o patent_n for_o he_o may_v soon_o make_v quarrel_n and_o so_o kill_v constant_o till_o he_o be_v kill_v it_o be_v a_o crime_n against_o the_o common_a wealth_n because_o it_o destroy_v its_o subject_n and_o make_v the_o hateful_a sin_n of_o murder_n a_o desirable_a effect_n of_o glory_n it_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a offence_n against_o our_o friend_n since_o it_o draw_v they_o though_o innocent_a into_o the_o same_o snare_n as_o second_o assister_n and_o revenger_n and_o it_o be_v dishonourable_a because_o it_o wrong_v a_o man_n wife_n by_o make_v her_o miserable_a and_o notwithstanding_o of_o his_o many_o obligation_n to_o she_o 6._o it_o be_v a_o unjust_a decision_n of_o controversy_n since_o strength_n skill_n or_o accident_n prevail_v oftentimes_o against_o honour_n and_o innocence_n so_o that_o this_o trial_n shall_v neither_o be_v allow_v by_o justice_n nor_o honour_n and_o therefore_o augustus_n be_v provoke_v by_o anthony_n do_v noble_o answer_v that_o if_o anthony_n be_v weary_a of_o his_o life_n he_o may_v take_v any_o other_o way_n to_o dispatch_v himself_o and_o sertorius_n be_v provoke_v by_o metellus_n answer_v it_o be_v below_o a_o general_n to_o die_v like_o a_o common_a soldier_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v the_o magistrate_n will_v do_v justice_n in_o repair_v the_o fame_n of_o he_o who_o be_v wrong_v nor_o can_v a_o duel_n restore_v the_o fame_n that_o be_v lose_v for_o a_o duel_n show_v only_o a_o man_n to_o be_v resolute_a or_o desperate_a without_o be_v innocent_a or_o generous_a and_o it_o be_v more_o presumable_a that_o the_o provocke_n be_v just_o defame_v and_o find_v himself_o unable_a to_o survive_v the_o shame_n resolve_v to_o dispatch_v himself_o by_o this_o plausible_a way_n of_o self-murder_n nor_o can_v a_o man_n take_v a_o more_o easy_a way_n of_o publish_v that_o wherein_o he_o be_v defame_v then_o by_o kill_v the_o defamer_n whereby_o he_o will_v both_o bring_v himself_o and_o the_o occasion_n of_o that_o accident_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o world_n though_o that_o act_n discharge_v only_o singular_a combat_n and_o that_o the_o word_n singular_a combat_n be_v proper_o only_o applicable_a to_o the_o fight_v of_o two_o single_a person_n which_o be_v only_o proper_o call_v singular_a certamen_fw-la yet_o this_o singular_a certamen_fw-la or_o singular_a combat_n be_v proper_o enough_o extend_v where_o more_o fight_n on_o a_o side_n cagnol_n in_o l._n favorabiliores_fw-la 86._o ff_n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la jur_fw-fr v._o since_o fight_v of_o singular_a combat_n be_v only_o declare_v punishable_a therefore_o the_o give_v or_o receive_v challenge_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n though_o even_o that_o be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o the_o council_n arbitrarie_a as_o end_v to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n but_o since_o the_o very_a fight_n be_v declare_v punishable_a by_o death_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o such_o as_o fight_v combat_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o neither_o party_n be_v kill_v and_o if_o only_o kill_v have_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n this_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessary_a since_o that_o be_v punishable_a as_o murder_n before_o this_o act_n vi_o if_o any_o person_n be_v kill_v the_o libel_n be_v found_v both_o upon_o the_o act_n against_o murder_n and_o this_o act_n against_o duel_n but_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o way_n of_o libel_v be_v this_o that_o if_o the_o libel_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o act_n against_o murder_n than_o self-defence_n be_v receiveable_a by_o way_n of_o exculpation_n to_o eleid_v this_o
of_o these_o statute_n conversation_n shall_v be_v criminal_a even_o after_o prohibition_n except_o it_o be_v in_o suspect_v place_n 2._o the_o justice_n be_v only_o declare_v to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o notoriety_n of_o adultery_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v controvert_v if_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o it_o 3._o this_o act_n do_v not_o exclude_v capital_a punishment_n in_o other_o case_n of_o adultery_n but_o only_o ordain_v that_o these_o three_o degree_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o since_o there_o be_v other_o case_n more_o grievous_a to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o more_o scandalous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n shall_v likewise_o be_v extend_v to_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n to_o commit_v frequent_a adultery_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n be_v pronounce_v against_o sir_n john_n stewart_n for_o three_o adultery_n 15._o august_n 1628._o as_o also_o isabel_n hamiltoun_n be_v pursue_v in_o july_n 1647._o for_o adultery_n and_o have_v enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n she_o have_v thereafter_o return_v be_v immediate_o without_o any_o other_o process_n by_o a_o order_n from_o the_o justice_n execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1649._o iu._n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n for_o inflict_a death_n in_o other_o case_n upon_o ordinary_a adulterer_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n may_v not_o as_o well_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n inflict_v death_n without_o any_o express_a law_n here_o as_o they_o do_v in_o theft_n and_o other_o less_o crime_n and_o in_o effect_n adultery_n include_v theft_n as_o i_o say_v former_o and_o albeit_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o by_o the_o former_a act_n appoint_v death_n in_o the_o case_n abovecited_a the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v thereby_o exclude_v in_o other_o case_n yet_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o foresay_a rule_n be_v only_o a_o brocard_n and_o have_v only_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o presumption_n and_o therefore_o take_v only_a place_n in_o favourable_a case_n but_o shall_v not_o be_v extend_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o express_o ordain_v adulterer_n to_o die_v and_o in_o the_o foresay_a 74._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n marry_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o this_o act_n shall_v be_v but_o prejudice_n of_o all_o other_o act_n and_o law_n already_o make_v with_o all_o rigour_n but_o i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o act_n make_v prior_n to_o that_o anent_o adultery_n whereby_o the_o punishment_n be_v limit_v and_o therefore_o i_o believe_v that_o that_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o punishment_n relate_v to_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n at_o the_o least_o i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o freedom_n to_o consider_v circumstance_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o if_o single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n these_o act_n have_v be_v needless_a to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o former_a act_n be_v to_o necessitat_fw-la the_o magistrate_n always_o in_o the_o case_n express_v in_o that_o act_n to_o inflict_v death_n and_o not_o to_o empower_v they_o only_o to_o do_v so_o and_o see_v single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o magistrate_n sometime_o by_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o english_a woman_n in_o december_n 1668._o sometime_o with_o scourge_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o ridpath_n december_n 1642._o and_o sometime_o with_o fine_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o woman_n who_o commit_v adultery_n with_o george_n swintoun_n in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o though_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n warrant_v they_o to_o inflict_v these_o punishment_n and_o whereupon_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v force_v to_o found_v his_o summons_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o which_o law_n they_o be_v sustain_v without_o cite_v any_o municipal_a law_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o english_a woman_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o by_o the_o same_o law_n inflict_v likewise_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a punishment_n of_o death_n be_v appoint_v in_o case_n of_o notour_n adultery_n yet_o the_o council_n do_v use_v to_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n and_o so_o they_o ordain_v only_a ridpath_n a_o tinker_n though_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o double_a adultery_n in_o keep_v another_o tinker_n wife_n two_o year_n to_o be_v only_o scourge_v banish_v and_o burn_v on_o the_o cheek_n decemb._n 4._o 1662._o but_o the_o reason_n here_o be_v because_o tinker_n be_v in_o effect_n vile_a person_n who_o be_v seldom_o ever_o lawful_o marry_v and_o in_o such_o i_o find_v of_o old_a adultery_n be_v not_o punish_v by_o death_n as_o l._n 29._o c._n h._n t._n where_o adultery_n commit_v with_o a_o taverner_n be_v not_o punish_v severe_o quas_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vilitas_fw-la dignas_fw-la legum_fw-la observatione_fw-la non_fw-la credidit_fw-la &_o erant_fw-la infra_fw-la legum_fw-la curam_fw-la and_o some_o respect_n be_v likewise_o have_v here_o to_o that_o absurd_a custom_n among_o tinker_n of_o live_v promiscuous_o and_o use_v one_o another_o wife_n as_o concubine_n the_o council_n sometime_o do_v likewise_o banish_v person_n for_o adultery_n without_o suffer_v they_o to_o come_v before_o a_o justice_n court_n even_o where_o notour_n adultery_n may_v be_v prove_v against_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o jeal_n there_o a_o english_a man_n for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o margaret_n hamiltoun_n who_o at_o her_o death_n confess_v that_o the_o say_v there_o have_v lyen_fw-we several_a year_n with_o she_o and_o that_o he_o have_v alienat_fw-la her_o affection_n from_o her_o husband_n which_o induce_v she_o though_o without_o his_o accession_n to_o kill_v her_o husband_n and_o that_o she_o have_v several_a child_n by_o he_o all_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v great_a aggravation_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o he_o deserve_v well_o to_o have_v die_v from_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o ordinary_a adultery_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o use_v to_o be_v inflict_v either_o by_o banishment_n whip_v fyne_a or_o imprisonment_n if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o banish_v for_o adultery_n and_o return_v again_o without_o leave_n here_o she_o may_v be_v execute_v and_o thus_o the_o justice_n find_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o griselda_n hamiltoun_n decemb._n 1649._o or_o if_o adultery_n be_v complicate_v with_o any_o other_o crime_n the_o guilt_n be_v thereby_o aggrage_v and_o the_o crime_n may_v be_v capital_o punish_v thus_o margaret_n thomson_n be_v execute_v for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o minister_n and_o for_o falsify_v a_o testimonial_a to_o the_o end_n she_o may_v get_v her_o child_n baptise_a may_v 28._o 1646._o v._o since_o adultery_n be_v only_o commit_v betwixt_o marry_a person_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a that_o the_o libel_n in_o adultery_n bear_v that_o such_o person_n be_v marry_v and_o one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a fault_n commit_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o this_o crime_n be_v they_o seldom_o ever_o lead_v witness_n for_o prove_v the_o marriage_n without_o which_o be_v prove_v or_o be_v notour_n to_o the_o assize_n they_o shall_v not_o file_v the_o panel_n though_o copulation_n be_v prove_v but_o though_o the_o marriage_n be_v not_o just_a but_o only_o a_o suppose_a marriage_n or_o matrimonium_fw-la putativum_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o yet_o the_o violation_n even_o of_o that_o marriage_n will_v infer_v adultery_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n not_o know_v the_o relation_n shall_v marry_v within_o the_o degree_n de_fw-fr fendant_n though_o there_o be_v in_o that_o case_n no_o lawful_a marriage_n yet_o if_o either_o of_o these_o party_n who_o be_v marry_v shall_v lie_v with_o any_o other_o they_o will_v be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n cravet_fw-la consilio_fw-la 205._o num_fw-la 36._o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o committer_n do_v all_o that_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n to_o commit_v adultery_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o crime_n nam_fw-la proposita_fw-la maleficia_fw-la distinguant_fw-la and_o from_o this_o i_o be_o much_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o conatus_fw-la or_o a_o endeavour_n to_o commit_v adultery_n if_o the_o adulterer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o accomplish_v the_o say_a design_n make_v the_o committer_n guilty_a of_o adultery_n if_o that_o design_n be_v bring_v the_o length_n of_o be_v in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o though_o in_o that_o case_n i_o think_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v somewhat_o remit_v &_o haec_fw-la attentatio_fw-la est_fw-la
that_o verdict_n see_v as_o be_v very_o well_o urge_v there_o many_o probation_n will_v infer_v single_a adultery_n or_o a_o divorce_n which_o will_v not_o infer_v notour_fw-fr adultery_n and_o capital_a punishment_n but_o yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o a_o decreet_a of_o the_o commissary_n shall_v not_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o ordinar_n adultery_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n see_v no_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o one_o case_n which_o can_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o causa_fw-la civilis_fw-la &_o criminalis_fw-la quo_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la arbitrariam_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la quo_fw-la ad_fw-la probationem_fw-la and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o probation_n in_o criminal_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o the_o assize_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v 1._o the_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v approbation_n 2._o this_o may_v be_v likeways_o object_v in_o the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n and_o yet_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v there_o admit_v but_o betwixt_o these_o two_o decreet_n there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v punish_v falsehood_n themselves_o and_o so_o their_o decreet_a shall_v be_v a_o full_a probation_n because_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a even_o to_o the_o criminal_a part_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o commissary_n who_o can_v inflict_v no_o criminal_a punishment_n at_o all_o for_o adultery_n ix_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v excuse_v a_o man_n from_o adultery_n who_o apprehend_v upon_o just_a reason_n that_o his_o wife_n be_v dead_a matryed_z another_o or_o the_o wife_n who_o marry_v a_o second_o husband_n l._n 11._o §_o 12._o ff_n h._n t._n mulier_fw-la cum_fw-la audisset_fw-la absentem_fw-la virum_fw-la defunctum_fw-la esse_fw-la alii_fw-la se_fw-la junxit_fw-la &_o faâ—sis_fw-la rumoribus_fw-la inducta_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la verisimile_fw-la est_fw-la deceptam_fw-la eam_fw-la fuisse_fw-la nihil_fw-la vindicte_fw-la dignum_fw-la videri_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o l._n pen._n dicit_fw-la adulterium_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la non_fw-la committi_fw-la upon_o which_o arise_v a_o great_a debate_n novemb_n 7._o 1673._o for_o john_n frazer_n be_v indict_v for_o notour_n adultery_n with_o helen_n guthrie_n allege_v that_o he_o can_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o a_o adulterer_n because_o he_o have_v marry_v this_o helen_n lawful_o after_o he_o have_v get_v testificat_o upon_o oath_n to_o prove_v that_o his_o first_o wife_n be_v dead_a in_o virginia_n whereupon_o he_o get_v a_o warrant_n from_o the_o presbytery_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o marry_v and_o be_v according_o proclaim_v and_o marry_v and_o if_o a_o false_a rumour_n be_v sufficient_a to_o clear_v from_o adultery_n and_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o adultery_n without_o dole_n and_o a_o fraudulent_a design_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o former_a law_n and_o by_o farin_n de_fw-fr delict_n car_fw-fr quest_n 140._o he_o can_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n who_o have_v marry_v authore_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la who_o be_v judge_n competent_a and_o who_o be_v induce_v thereto_o not_o only_o by_o report_n but_o by_o testificat_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o he_o be_v a_o adulterer_n who_o lie_v with_o another_o woman_n whilst_o his_o wife_n live_v and_o as_o rumour_n can_v dissolve_v marriage_n so_o neither_o can_v they_o defend_v against_o adultery_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o every_o man_n who_o be_v weary_a of_o his_o wife_n to_o raise_v rumour_n concern_v her_o death_n and_o thereby_o authorise_v himself_o in_o marry_v another_o 2._o though_o rumour_n be_v sufficient_a they_o behove_v to_o be_v rumour_n constant_o and_o common_o report_v but_o here_o be_v only_o one_o testificar_n and_o this_o testificat_fw-la can_v be_v no_o warrant_n since_o it_o be_v but_o a_o single_a testimony_n nor_o do_v it_o bear_v that_o the_o say_v margarat_n hait_o who_o die_v there_o be_v know_v to_o he_o to_o be_v spouse_n to_o john_n frazer_n but_o only_o in_o general_n that_o one_o margaret_n hait_o die_v there_o and_o there_o may_v have_v be_v more_o of_o that_o name_n 3._o though_o rumour_n may_v excuse_v yet_o that_o can_v only_o be_v after_o a_o long_a absence_n &_o longo_fw-la tempore_fw-la transacto_fw-la as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n cite_v by_o the_o panel_n whereas_o here_o she_o be_v only_o absent_a three_o year_n and_o the_o ignorance_n behove_v to_o be_v invincible_a whereas_o here_o it_o be_v only_o ignorantia_fw-la affectata_fw-la for_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o she_o stay_v within_o twelve_o mile_n of_o the_o panel_n father_n house_n and_o be_v know_v by_o all_o the_o country_n to_o live_v there_o and_o though_o her_o mother_n and_o relation_n live_v at_o edinburgh_n in_o one_o town_n with_o the_o panel_n yet_o he_o never_o ask_v at_o her_o mother_n if_o she_o be_v dead_a 4._o a_o man_n who_o wife_n divert_v from_o he_o aught_o to_o summon_v she_o to_o adher_n and_o so_o procure_v a_o divorce_n by_o the_o commissary_n and_o though_o rumour_n and_o praesumption_n can_v infer_v a_o full_a probation_n yet_o that_o must_v be_v only_o understand_v of_o what_o be_v lead_v and_o prove_v before_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a and_o the_o warrant_n of_o the_o presbytery_n be_v not_o sufficient_a since_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o marriage_n and_o this_o be_v procure_v periculo_fw-la petentis_fw-la no_o person_n be_v cite_v upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n repel_v the_o defence_n and_o the_o say_v john_n frazer_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n be_v find_v guilty_a but_o do_v thereafter_o procure_v a_o remission_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v clear_v that_o bigamy_n may_v be_v also_o pursue_v as_o notour_n adultery_n but_o the_o woman_n who_o know_v not_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v not_o punish_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basil._n l._n 85._o hoc_fw-la tit_n x._o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v likewise_o whether_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a for_o notour_n adultery_n and_o not_o for_o single_a adultery_n &_o the_o probation_n which_o be_v lead_v be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v single_a adultery_n though_o not_o notour_n adultery_n if_o the_o assize_n shall_v file_v or_o not_o for_o the_o negative_a it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o single_a and_o notour_n adultery_n be_v different_a crime_n and_o the_o libel_n be_v different_a and_o the_o libel_n in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o prove_v and_o therefore_o the_o assize_n shall_v not_o file_v and_o if_o they_o do_v their_o sentence_n be_v null_a even_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n grahame_n where_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v reduce_v because_o theft_n be_v libel_v and_o recept_n of_o theft_n only_o prove_v as_o also_o in_o that_o case_n the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v of_o his_o defence_n because_o he_o will_v have_v propound_v defence_n against_o single_a adultery_n if_o it_o have_v be_v libel_v which_o will_v either_o not_o have_v be_v relevant_a against_o notour_n adultery_n or_o else_o he_o think_v himself_o in_o tuto_fw-la not_o to_o propone_v they_o because_o he_o think_v himself_o secure_a know_v that_o the_o notour_n adultery_n libel_v can_v never_o be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v a_o ordinar_n conclusion_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o si_fw-mi in_o libello_fw-la qualificato_fw-la omnes_fw-la qualitates_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la probaâ—ae_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la absolvendus_fw-la and_o albeit_o for_o evit_v this_o difficulty_n the_o conclusion_n in_o their_o libel_n use_v to_o be_v alternative_a yet_o i_o think_v that_o the_o defender_n shall_v be_v absolve_v he_o take_v instrument_n upon_o the_o libel_n as_o it_o be_v libel_v except_o the_o quality_n be_v express_o prove_v though_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o allow_v the_o party_n to_o declare_v that_o they_o insist_v alternative_o as_o say_v be_v by_o our_o law_n such_o as_o be_v divorce_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o adultery_n commit_v by_o themselves_o can_v thereafter_o marry_v the_o person_n with_o who_o they_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n to_o have_v commit_v adultery_n and_o all_o such_o marriage_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o the_o act._n 22._o p._n 16._o i._o 6._o which_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o our_o law_n not_o only_o as_o a_o punishment_n of_o the_o adultery_n already_o commit_v by_o lessen_v and_o narrow_n their_o choice_n but_o likewise_o as_o a_o mean_a to_o hinder_v any_o from_o commit_v adultery_n in_o expectation_n as_o be_v too_o ordinary_a of_o enjoy_v in_o a_o future_a marriage_n the_o person_n with_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v it_o and_o upon_o which_o expectation_n the_o adulterer_n may_v be_v probable_o tempt_v to_o kill_v the_o lawful_a husband_n or_o wife_n of_o that_o person_n with_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v the_o same_o in_o which_o our_o law_n agree_v with_o the_o cannon_n
to_o palliate_v the_o adultery_n it_o shall_v be_v punish_v more_o severe_o than_o adultery_n and_o though_o the_o offender_n can_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o a_o bigamist_n yet_o he_o may_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o a_o notour_n adulterer_n the_o same_o may_v be_v likewise_o say_v if_o the_o person_n marry_v against_o express_a prohibition_n of_o the_o church_n or_o it_o may_v be_v of_o friend_n for_o thereby_o they_o be_v put_v in_o pessima_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o want_v the_o advantage_n arise_v figura_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la and_o this_o statute_n punish_v only_o simple_a bigamy_n which_o be_v possible_o contract_v when_o the_o wife_n belive_v the_o husband_n to_o be_v dead_a or_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la or_o when_o there_o be_v some_o other_o pretext_n for_o it_o but_o exclude_v not_o a_o further_a punishment_n due_a from_o other_o circumstance_n or_o complext_v crime_n and_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o incestuous_a person_n be_v forbid_v to_o marry_v because_o of_o their_o contingency_n in_o blood_n or_o affinity_n shall_v not_o be_v punishable_a for_o incest_n iii_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o quaker_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o perjurer_n see_v they_o give_v no_o oath_n at_o marriage_n and_o certain_o they_o shall_v see_v marriage_n imply_v a_o vow_n though_o no_o implicit_a oath_n be_v give_v iv._o the_o husband_n long_a absence_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n why_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v mitigate_v but_o take_v not_o away_o the_o crime_n see_v death_n and_o not_o time_n dissolve_v marriage_n and_o i_o remember_v of_o a_o minister_n who_o be_v depose_v for_o marry_v a_o man_n wife_n after_o he_o be_v sixteen_o year_n absent_a and_o albeit_o the_o first_o husband_n come_v home_o yet_o the_o second_o husband_n still_o retain_v the_o wife_n which_o certain_o be_v adultery_n in_o he_o after_o that_o knowledge_n that_o she_o be_v another_o man_n wife_n see_v he_o want_v that_o pretext_n for_o which_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punishable_a as_o adultery_n from_o which_o likewise_o that_o general_a conclusion_n may_v be_v draw_v that_o when_o the_o bigamist_n know_v that_o the_o other_o person_n be_v marry_v if_o he_o continue_v he_o commit_v adultery_n and_o if_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v incestuous_a he_o commit_v incest_n v._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v also_o if_o two_o person_n marry_v be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o they_o marry_v though_o because_o of_o any_o interveen_a accident_n as_o death_n they_o bid_v not_o and_o see_v by_o the_o second_o marriage_n they_o give_v contrary_a oath_n certain_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n for_o perjury_n be_v the_o medium_n peccati_fw-la in_o this_o crime_n and_o not_o copulatio_fw-la or_o coitus_fw-la as_o in_o adultery_n reatus_fw-la contrahitur_fw-la per_fw-la contraria_fw-la vota_fw-la and_o he_o who_o lie_v with_o another_o man_n wife_n immediate_o after_o they_o come_v from_o church_n though_o before_o she_o have_v bed_v with_o her_o husband_n do_v in_o our_o law_n commit_v adultery_n which_o show_v that_o marriage_n be_v contract_v with_o we_o per_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o benedictionem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o ante_fw-la coitum_fw-la and_o if_o after_o come_v from_o church_n the_o person_n be_v marry_v certain_o they_o be_v by_o that_o also_o guilty_a of_o bigamy_n and_o from_o this_o principle_n also_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v null_a per_fw-la frigiditatem_fw-la or_o maleficiationem_fw-la yet_o the_o other_o person_n who_o may_v have_v declare_v that_o marriage_n to_o have_v be_v null_n marry_v another_o before_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v declare_v to_o have_v be_v null_n though_o it_o be_v null_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la will_v be_v guilty_a of_o bigamy_n because_o there_o be_v contraria_fw-la vota_fw-la in_o that_o case_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o lawful_o divorce_v for_o as_o a_o person_n who_o may_v have_v get_v a_o first_o marriage_n declare_v null_a ex_fw-la capite_fw-la adulterii_fw-la marry_v again_o will_v be_v punishable_a so_o it_o shall_v be_v here_o and_o if_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o marriage_n be_v declare_v in_o frigidis_fw-la &_o maleficiatis_fw-la to_o have_v be_v null_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o there_o have_v be_v no_o marriage_n at_o first_o the_o second_o be_v no_o bigamy_n and_o the_o first_o oath_n not_o bind_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la for_o it_o be_v give_v upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o other_o person_n be_v habilis_fw-la to_o contract_n a_o marriage_n that_o vow_n be_v null_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o contrairy_a vow_n in_o this_o case_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o first_o marriage_n as_o a_o sufficient_a marriage_n till_o it_o be_v declare_v null_n and_o the_o other_o person_n who_o may_v have_v get_v the_o marriage_n declare_v null_a will_v have_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o adulterer_n if_o she_o have_v lyen_fw-we with_o another_o ergo_fw-la she_o may_v be_v likewise_o punish_v as_o a_o bigamist_n vi_o the_o act_n add_v except_o the_o person_n be_v lawful_o divorce_v from_o which_o two_o question_n may_v arise_v 1._o see_v the_o party_n guilty_a can_v marry_v v_o g._n if_o a_o woman_n be_v divorce_v for_o adultery_n she_o can_v marry_v quaeritur_fw-la then_o if_o she_o marry_v again_o may_v be_v pursue_v as_o guilty_a of_o bigamy_n and_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v not_o bigamy_n see_v the_o act_n say_v that_o if_o person_n not_o lawful_o divorce_v marry_o they_o commit_v bigamy_n ergo_fw-la à _fw-la contraria_fw-la where_o the_o person_n be_v lawful_o divorce_v they_o commit_v not_o bigamy_n nor_o do_v the_o law_n speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o nocent_a and_o innocent_a party_n 2._o if_o a_o person_n be_v divorce_v and_o thereafter_o he_o marry_v albeit_o thereafter_o that_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v reduce_v certain_o the_o other_o party_n who_o marry_v the_o person_n divorce_v be_v not_o punishable_a except_o the_o decreet_a be_v reduce_v upon_o his_o fault_n but_o the_o first_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v reduce_v upon_o his_o fault_n who_o obtain_v it_o as_o if_o he_o have_v bribe_v the_o witness_n or_o judge_n etc._n etc._n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o he_o know_v that_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v not_o lawful_o dissolve_v and_o so_o the_o second_o marriage_n be_v bigamy_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la he_o albeit_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v dissolve_v authore_fw-la praetore_fw-la it_o be_v no_o marriage_n at_o the_o time_n the_o second_o marriage_n be_v contract_v and_o so_o not_o bigamy_n albeit_o the_o briber_n or_o forger_n may_v be_v punish_v for_o the_o crime_n so_o commit_v title_n xix_o theft_n 1._o the_o definition_n of_o theft_n 2._o in_o what_o thing_n can_v theft_n be_v commit_v and_o whether_o it_o can_v be_v commit_v in_o commodato_fw-la &_o societate_fw-la 3._o the_o law_n of_o burdein-sack_n or_o theft_n commit_v for_o necessity_n 4._o whether_o the_o take_a thing_n belong_v to_o no_o man_n be_v punishable_a as_o theft_n 5._o the_o division_n of_o theft_n in_o furtum_fw-la manifestum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la manifestum_fw-la 6._o whether_o theft_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o our_o law_n 8._o how_o three_o consecutive_a theft_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v and_o how_o inferior_a judge_n proceed_v in_o judge_v theft_n 9_o how_o the_o justice_n proceed_v in_o judge_v this_o crime_n 10._o how_o hareship_n or_o abigeatus_fw-la be_v punish_v 11._o how_o sacrilege_n be_v punish_v 12._o theft_n in_o land_a man_n be_v treason_n 13._o how_o theft_n be_v aggravate_v from_o frequency_n time_n place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n 14._o several_a extenuation_n of_o theft_n 15._o statutory_a theft_n such_o as_o breaker_n of_o yard_n steal_v fish_n out_o of_o pond_n bee_n etc._n etc._n 16._o be_v and_o part_n of_o theft_n how_o punish_v albeit_o at_o first_o every_o thing_n be_v make_v common_a so_o that_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o theft_n yet_o since_o by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n property_n be_v introduce_v theft_n be_v forbid_v as_o a_o enemy_n to_o this_o property_n and_o as_o destructive_a to_o that_o order_n and_o method_n whereby_o god_n resolve_v to_o govern_v the_o world_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n observe_v that_o this_o crime_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o theft_n be_v define_v by_o lawyer_n to_o be_v fraudulosa_fw-la contractatio_fw-la lucri_fw-la faciendi_fw-la gratia_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsius_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la usus_fw-la ejus_fw-la possessionis_fw-la ve_fw-la quod_fw-la lege_fw-la naturali_fw-la prohibitume_v §_o 1._o inst_n the_o obl_a ex_fw-la del_o by_o the_o word_n contrectatio_fw-la they_o understand_v not_o only_o the_o away_o take_v of_o a_o thing_n for_o theft_n be_v commit_v by_o conceal_v what_o
2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o if_o they_o go_v with_o arm_n they_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o the_o scolia_fw-la of_o the_o basilick_v observe_v it_o may_v be_v useful_o observe_v that_o those_o who_o drive_v away_o herdship_n cum_fw-la gladio_fw-la with_o arm_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n because_o they_o be_v rather_o robber_n than_o thief_n 2._o these_o who_o drive_v away_o great_a cattle_n be_v more_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o these_o who_o drive_v away_o the_o lesser_a l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr abige_fw-fr 3._o these_o be_v to_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v who_o live_v in_o a_o country_n where_o that_o crime_n be_v most_o frequent_a and_o therefore_o our_o highlander_n be_v most_o severe_o punish_v 4._o these_o that_o drive_v away_o cattle_n from_o the_o field_n be_v more_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o these_o who_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o house_n because_o cattle_n in_o the_o field_n have_v no_o guard_n but_o the_o law_n xi_o the_o steal_v likewise_o of_o a_o thing_n consecrate_v to_o god_n aggrage_v so_o the_o theft_n as_o to_o make_v it_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o this_o be_v call_v sacrilege_n by_o the_o civil_a and_o cannon_n law_n and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o several_a degree_n as_o 1._o if_o a_o thing_n sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o a_o sacred_a place_n 2._o if_o a_o thing_n sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o any_o place_n 3._o if_o a_o thing_n not_o sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o a_o sacred_a place_n but_o their_o two_o last_o be_v not_o proper_o sacrilege_n with_o we_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a consecration_n use_v of_o church_n vestment_n cup_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o we_o have_v no_o such_o formal_a crime_n as_o sacrilege_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o act_n against_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v to_o steal_v any_o thing_n destinat_fw-la to_o god_n service_n and_o even_o to_o steal_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o a_o church_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o this_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v with_o we_o not_o only_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n steal_v but_o more_o from_o the_o place_n and_o thus_o also_o murder_n or_o mutilation_n commit_v within_o the_o church_n or_o church-yaird_a be_v more_o severe_o punish_v then_o other_o murder_n and_o with_o we_o these_o who_o steal_v out_o of_o church_n be_v still_o hang_v or_o who_o steal_v what_o be_v dedicate_v to_o or_o serve_v the_o church_n as_o basin_n etc._n etc._n xii_o the_o next_o aggravation_n of_o theft_n be_v from_o the_o person_n who_o commit_v it_o and_o thus_o theft_n when_o commit_v by_o land_a man_n be_v punish_v with_o we_o as_o treason_n act._n 50._o p._n 11._o i._o 6._o the_o word_n be_v that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v any_o land_a man_n to_o be_v lawful_o and_o orderly_o convict_v of_o common_a theft_n recept_n of_o theft_n or_o stouthreif_n he_o shall_v incur_v the_o crime_n and_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o this_o act_n be_v because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v theft_n then_o for_o any_o other_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o severe_o punish_v and_o these_o also_o want_v all_o pretext_n of_o necessity_n or_o rusticity_n and_o must_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v extreme_o mean_a and_o malicious_a person_n who_o the_o commonwealth_n may_v well_o want_v and_o who_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v but_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v who_o be_v these_o who_o be_v by_o this_o act_n to_o be_v account_v land_v man_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v 1._o that_o only_o such_o as_o have_v themselves_o or_o their_o predecessor_n be_v infest_v be_v only_o such_o for_o nulla_fw-la sasina_fw-la nulla_fw-la terra_fw-la and_o so_o a_o disposition_n or_o charter_n or_o a_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la make_v not_o a_o thief_n to_o fall_v under_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o act._n yet_o some_o think_v a_o heir_n serve_v and_o retour_v do_v fall_v within_o this_o signification_n though_o he_o be_v not_o infest_v because_o his_o lie_v out_o be_v his_o own_o fault_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o defend_v he_o 2._o i_o think_v that_o a_o person_n who_o be_v once_o a_o baron_n if_o he_o be_v thereafter_o denude_v fall_v not_o under_o it_o for_o albeit_o semel_fw-la baro_fw-la be_v semper_fw-la baro_fw-la in_o our_o law_n yet_o that_o maxim_n hold_v only_o presumptive_a and_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v actual_o denude_v that_o will_v liberat_fw-la he_o from_fw-la vicious_a intromission_n much_o more_o a_o crime_n that_o deserve_v forfaulter_v and_o statutory_a crime_n be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v by_o ordinary_a theft_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v theft_n without_o any_o aggravation_n of_o violence_n hership_n etc._n etc._n by_o stouthreif_n be_v mean_v violent_a and_o masterful_a theft_n and_o as_o this_o kind_n of_o theft_n have_v the_o disadvantage_n of_o be_v treason_n so_o it_o be_v just_a that_o it_o shall_v participate_v of_o all_o the_o advantage_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o those_o who_o be_v pursue_v as_o traitor_n &_o quem_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la incommoda_fw-la eum_fw-la debent_fw-la sequi_fw-la commoda_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o a_o process_n found_v upon_o this_o species_n of_o theft_n as_o be_v find_v in_o july_n 1668._o where_o a_o process_n intent_a against_o a_o land_a man_n before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o wigtown_n be_v advocate_n to_o the_o justice_n upon_o this_o reason_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o act_n be_v conceive_v in_o odium_fw-la and_o for_o repress_v of_o theft_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v quarrellable_n before_o every_o judge_n for_o thereby_o many_o will_v be_v deter_v from_o pursuit_n against_o land_a man_n and_o albeit_o the_o punishment_n be_v in_o this_o theft_n great_a than_o in_o other_o yet_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n be_v no_o more_o intricat_a here_o then_o in_o other_o case_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi restrict_v his_o libel_n to_o ordinary_a theft_n which_o the_o justice_n find_v he_o can_v not_o do_v because_o the_o relevance_n and_o probation_n will_v be_v eadem_fw-la utrobique_fw-la and_o albeit_o the_o pairty_a will_v restrict_n as_o say_v be_v yet_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v at_o any_o time_n thereafter_o find_v a_o process_n of_o forefaulter_n and_o need_v no_o more_o probation_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n wauch_n though_o the_o sheriff_n of_o selkirk_n have_v only_o fyned_fw-we the_o thief_n yet_o the_o lord_n sustain_v a_o declarator_n of_o escheat_n upon_o that_o same_o verdict_n whereby_o the_o thief_n be_v find_v by_o they_o guilty_a of_o theft_n for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o private_a party_n can_v by_o no_o declaration_n nor_o deed_n of_o they_o prejudge_v his_o majesty_n be_v interest_n so_o that_o from_o this_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v debare_v that_o when_o a_o land_a man_n be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v restrict_n his_o pursuit_n to_o a_o pursuit_n of_o common_a theft_n as_o also_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi failzie_v to_o prove_v in_o this_o case_n commit_v treason_n because_o he_o who_o pursue_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n if_o he_o be_v find_v calumnious_a commit_v treason_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v also_o if_o the_o council_n can_v mitigat_n the_o punishment_n here_o see_v they_o can_v remit_v treason_n yet_o in_o their_o statutory_a treason_n the_o council_n ordinary_o mitigat_n or_o convert_v the_o punishment_n nor_o see_v i_o any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v allege_v that_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n be_v not_o make_v treason_n by_o this_o act_n but_o be_v only_o declare_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o theft_n that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v as_o treason_n though_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o such_o for_o these_o two_o be_v differrent_fw-la xiii_o this_o crime_n of_o theft_n become_v sometime_o atrocious_a and_o so_o shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n because_o of_o the_o irreclaimablenesse_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o triple_a theft_n be_v capital_a in_o inferior_a court_n though_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v very_o inconsiderable_a because_o this_o show_v a_o habit_n or_o double_a these_o if_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a moment_n and_o by_o the_o first_o statute_n da_n 2._o §_o 4._o a_o thief_n banish_v be_v take_v again_o in_o these_o territory_n from_o which_o he_o be_v banish_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o with_o all_o severity_n and_o the_o break_n of_o pink_a dove_n coat_n etc._n etc._n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n at_o the_o three_o rhyme_n act._n 84._o i._o 6._o p._n 6._o the_o way_n likewise_o whereby_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v make_v it_o oft_o deserve_v to_o be_v capital_a as_o the_o steal_n by_o false_a key_n or_o break_v house_n and_o enchantment_n and_o if_o it_o be_v commit_v masterful_o as_o we_o use_v to_o speak_v which_o be_v call_v
the_o judge_n make_v election_n of_o one_o of_o the_o pain_n can_v thereafter_o make_v use_n of_o the_o other_o l._n ff_o senatus_fw-la de_fw-la acusationibus_fw-la vid._n cabal_n resol_fw-it criminal_a cap._n 3._o where_o this_o general_a question_n be_v full_o handle_v and_o to_o the_o consideration_n there_o adduce_v by_o he_o i_o will_v add_v this_o that_o where_o there_o be_v several_a punishment_n appint_v by_o law_n whereof_o the_o one_o derogat_n not_o from_o the_o other_o that_o the_o judge_n shall_v follow_v that_o of_o the_o two_o which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n and_o therefore_o see_v confiscation_n of_o moveable_n and_o imprisonment_n be_v always_o use_v in_o this_o case_n that_o punishment_n shall_v be_v certain_o follow_v by_o the_o juge_n for_o since_o custom_n may_v antiquat_v law_n and_o be_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o judge_n to_o proceed_v criminal_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n it_o shall_v much_o more_o determine_v betwixt_o two_o law_n which_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v follow_v but_o there_o be_v the_o less_o difficulty_n in_o this_o case_n that_o none_o of_o the_o act_n make_v deforcement_n to_o be_v capital_a and_o these_o word_n that_o their_o life_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v do_v not_o infer_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la the_o pain_n of_o death_n as_o be_v elsewhere_o full_o debate_v but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o their_o person_n may_v not_o likewise_o be_v punishable_a see_v not_o only_a by_o the_o former_a act_n be_v their_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v but_o likewise_o by_o the_o seven_o act_n 17._o parliament_n i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o deforcement_n of_o officer_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o escheat_n of_o their_o movable_a good_n and_o punishment_n of_o their_o person_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o before_o so_o that_o there_o be_v geminatio_fw-la legum_fw-la which_o make_v the_o law_n much_o strong_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o some_o sea_n man_n in_o bruntisland_n have_v row_v off_o their_o boat_n when_o the_o customer_n officer_n be_v about_o to_o poynd_v some_o unfree_a good_n buy_v out_o of_o captain_n dewars_n ship_n by_o row_v off_o of_o which_o boat_n the_o messenger_n who_o be_v to_o poynd_n fall_v in_o the_o sea_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n do_v summary_o in_o july_n 1669._o ordain_v the_o seaman_n to_o be_v whip_v which_o be_v according_o do_v iii_o messenger_n have_v as_o the_o badge_n of_o their_o office_n a_o blazon_n bear_v the_o king_n arm_n and_o a_o wand_n of_o peace_n if_o they_o bear_v not_o the_o blazon_n it_o be_v believe_v and_o that_o be_v the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o conception_n and_o relevancy_n of_o the_o lybel_n they_o may_v be_v deforce_v because_o by_o that_o act_n only_a people_n be_v obleidge_v to_o know_v that_o they_o be_v messenger_n and_o the_o wand_n of_o peace_n be_v that_o whereby_o they_o touch_v a_o rebel_n and_o declare_v he_o to_o be_v their_o prisoner_n and_o when_o they_o be_v deforce_v they_o use_v to_o break_v the_o wand_n of_o peace_n but_o though_o their_o libel_n bear_v always_o that_o the_o wand_n of_o peace_n be_v break_v yet_o if_o the_o trouble_v of_o the_o messenger_n be_v prove_v though_o this_o quality_n be_v not_o prove_v the_o assize_n will_v still_o find_v guilty_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o murray_n and_o french_a 13._o july_n 1669._o where_o it_o be_v likewise_o find_v that_o albeit_o ordinary_o the_o messenger_n who_o be_v deforce_v do_v give_v in_o with_o his_o libel_n a_o exemption_n of_o deforcement_n wherein_o after_o the_o ordinary_a form_n he_o relate_v how_o he_o execute_v the_o letter_n and_o how_o and_o by_o who_o he_o be_v deforce_v yet_o that_o execution_n be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o prove_v the_o deforcement_n but_o that_o the_o deforcement_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o witness_n for_o else_o there_o can_v be_v no_o deforcement_n if_o the_o messenger_n be_v kill_v so_o that_o he_o can_v make_v no_o execution_n or_o if_o he_o be_v bribe_v by_o the_o deforcer_n and_o so_o will_v give_v none_o but_o that_o a_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n be_v only_o necessary_a to_o the_o effect_n the_o letter_n may_v be_v repute_n as_o valid_o execute_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v real_o execute_v it_o use_v sometime_o to_o be_v allege_v against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n in_o this_o crime_n that_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a because_o it_o bear_v not_o that_o the_o messenger_n have_v the_o letter_n of_o caption_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o show_v they_o to_o the_o party_n who_o he_o apprehend_v be_v virtue_n of_o that_o caption_n for_o without_o see_v of_o the_o letter_n the_o party_n be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o obey_v and_o if_o it_o be_v otherways_o any_o man_n may_v take_v a_o free_a liege_n and_o keep_v he_o till_o he_o shall_v get_v a_o caption_n though_o he_o have_v none_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o execution_n but_o upon_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n 1672._o gordoun_n of_o braco_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o deforcement_n though_o the_o messenger_n his_o have_v a_o caption_n be_v neither_o libel_v nor_o prove_v and_o that_o because_o the_o rebel_n do_v not_o crave_v to_o see_v a_o warrant_n and_o the_o messenger_n be_v answerable_a if_o he_o do_v execute_v without_o a_o warrant_n neither_o do_v the_o lord_n think_v that_o the_o messenger_n be_v bind_v to_o put_v the_o warrant_n in_o the_o rebel_n hand_n leave_v he_o shall_v destroy_v it_o but_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o show_v it_o to_o any_o disinterest_v person_n who_o be_v present_a in_o the_o same_o process_n it_o be_v likewise_o find_v that_o a_o messenger_n may_v execute_v a_o caption_n under_o silence_n of_o night_n though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o this_o may_v give_v a_o colour_n to_o robber_n to_o enter_v in_o to_o honest_a man_n house_n under_o night_n upon_o pretext_n of_o execute_v of_o caption_n though_o poynding_n indeed_o can_v be_v execute_v after_o the_o sun_n be_v set_v because_o a_o poynd_n be_v a_o sentence_n and_o require_v formam_fw-la judicii_fw-la and_o no_o court_n can_v be_v keep_v under_o silence_n of_o night_n some_o judge_n ordain_v officer_n to_o take_v raes_n from_o a_o mast_n and_o arrest_v ship_n without_o a_o write_a order_n the_o haste_n of_o the_o execution_n so_o require_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o though_o such_o have_v not_o a_o write_a warrant_n they_o can_v lawful_o be_v oppose_v for_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o good_a subject_n to_o inquire_v first_o if_o he_o who_o pretend_v to_o have_v authority_n have_v it_o already_o though_o he_o see_v no_o write_a warrant_n but_o not_o rash_o to_o oppose_v what_o may_v be_v lawful_a another_o ordinary_a objection_n against_o the_o libel_n be_v that_o the_o messenger_n and_o his_o assister_n do_v transgress_v their_o power_n and_o warrant_v and_o so_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o resist_v they_o and_o thus_o upon_o the_o 18._o of_o novemb_n 1667._o mr._n archibald_n borthwick_n be_v pursue_v for_o deforcement_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o he_o compear_v as_o procurator_n for_o the_o lord_n borthwick_n who_o have_v arrest_v sandiland_n and_o the_o tenant_n corn_n as_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o allege_v the_o messenger_n can_v not_o poynd_v the_o corn_n till_o the_o master_n be_v pay_v wherein_o the_o messenger_n do_v unjust_o and_o so_o he_o have_v good_a reason_n to_o stop_v the_o poynd_n this_o alledgiance_n be_v find_v relevant_a but_o if_o just_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v and_o lawyer_n be_v very_o positive_a that_o no_o man_n can_v stop_v any_o execution_n upon_o such_o pretence_n of_o unjustice_n where_o the_o unjustice_n can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o redress_v by_o appellation_n or_o otherwise_o which_o they_o call_v resistentia_fw-la licita_fw-la per_fw-la subsidium_fw-la menoch_n de_fw-fr recup_n possess_v reme_v 8._o num_fw-la 30._o &_o 31._o cabal_n resol_fw-it crim_n case_z 132._o and_o their_o opinion_n seem_v most_o just_a for_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o make_v private_a person_n and_o such_o also_o as_o be_v interest_v judge_n to_o the_o justice_n of_o what_o be_v do_v against_o themselves_o 2._o nunquam_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la remedium_fw-la extraordinarium_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la ordinario_fw-la but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o messenger_n do_v any_o wrong_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n he_o be_v liable_a therefore_o ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la &_o interest_n and_o find_v caution_n for_o that_o effect_n to_o the_o lion_n at_o his_o entry_n 3._o messenger_n be_v judge_n in_o poynding_n and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o resist_v judge_n upon_o pretence_n that_o they_o judge_v unjust_o and_o this_o suggest_v to_o i_o another_o distinction_n which_o be_v that_o either_o a_o messenger_n or_o executer_n do_v wrong_v the_o party_n interest_v via_fw-la juris_fw-la as_o in_o omit_v formality_n and_o repel_v
to_o swear_v before_o any_o debate_n upon_o the_o indirect_a manner_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o ordain_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o improbation_n and_o to_o ordain_v the_o defender_n to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o approbation_n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v not_o publicatio_fw-la testimoniorum_fw-la in_o our_o law_n in_o civil_a case_n yet_o because_o improbation_n have_v a_o criminal_a effect_n and_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o the_o defender_n therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v in_o this_o case_n to_o ordain_v the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v see_v by_o both_o party_n and_o both_o party_n be_v full_o hear_v to_o debate_v in_o praesentia_fw-la the_o lord_n do_v either_o improve_v or_o assoylzie_n if_o the_o lord_n improve_v they_o have_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n power_n to_o impose_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n suitable_a to_o the_o crime_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v sometime_o ordain_v the_o forget_v to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n if_o the_o cheat_n be_v but_o small_a or_o the_o person_n in_o great_a necessity_n and_o sometime_o they_o only_o ordain_v the_o forger_n to_o be_v imprison_v and_o rebuke_v he_o without_o discover_v the_o falsehood_n as_o they_o do_v late_o to_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v otherways_o very_o discreet_a be_v by_o his_o poverty_n drive_v to_o counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n of_o his_o friend_n to_o a_o bond_n of_o suspension_n sometime_o likewise_o they_o refer_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o council_n who_o upon_o that_o reference_n use_v either_o to_o condemn_v the_o forger_n to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n as_o they_o do_v captain_n barclay_n or_o else_o they_o use_v to_o send_v they_o to_o the_o mercat_n cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n as_o they_o do_v tulloch_n a_o nottar_n for_o forge_v a_o charter_n 4._o july_n 1638._o but_o this_o mitigation_n be_v only_o allow_v when_o the_o forger_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o commit_v that_o crime_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o other_o or_o by_o his_o own_o simplicity_n and_o have_v ingenious_o confess_v vii_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o procedor_fw-la take_v by_o the_o lord_n when_o they_o have_v improven_v the_o paper_n and_o find_v they_o to_o be_v false_a be_v to_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n against_o who_o a_o indictment_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o the_o assize_n swear_v the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v read_v without_o repeat_v any_o further_a probation_n and_o the_o assize_n must_v condemn_v thereupon_o else_o they_o will_v be_v pursue_v for_o error_n and_o therefore_o the_o verdict_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la bear_v find_v the_o panel_n guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o decreet_a of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n upon_o this_o verdict_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v express_o to_o condemn_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v hang_v as_o halyday_n for_o counterfeit_v a_o discharge_n 8._o february_n 1597._o james_n tarbet_n for_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o counterfeit_v a_o false_a charter_n 16._o february_n 1600._o and_o if_o the_o falsehood_n be_v atrocious_a they_o sometime_o before_o the_o execution_n ordain_v the_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o if_o the_o lord_n remit_v not_o the_o case_n to_o the_o justice_n when_o they_o find_v the_o paper_n to_o be_v false_a they_o ordain_v the_o paper_n improven_v to_o be_v cancel_v in_o their_o own_o presence_n but_o if_o they_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n than_o the_o paper_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o when_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v there_o against_o the_o panel_n the_o paper_n be_v likewise_o cancel_v at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o justice_n viii_o the_o second_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v that_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o witness_n in_o their_o deposition_n which_o may_v be_v many_o way_n commit_v as_o 1._o by_o take_v money_n to_o depon_n or_o not_o depon_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ad_fw-la dicendum_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la dicendum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la acceperit_fw-la l._n 20._o ff_n h._n t._n 20._o by_o conceal_v the_o truth_n or_o express_v more_o than_o the_o truth_n though_o they_o receive_v no_o money_n l._n 16_o §_o ult_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi 3._o by_o depon_v thing_n express_o contradictory_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o contradiction_n must_v be_v palpable_a and_o not_o consequential_a nam_fw-la omnis_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la praeferendo_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la reconcilientur_fw-la witness_n either_o be_v such_o as_o be_v swear_v and_o if_o they_o swear_v false_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n or_o else_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v false_a witness_n without_o a_o oath_n as_o witness_n in_o paper_n and_o these_o be_v punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsarii_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n clar._n hoc_fw-la tit_n num_fw-la 11._o and_o of_o these_o i_o design_n to_o treat_v only_o at_o least_o principal_o in_o this_o title_n he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o in_o one_o point_n be_v repute_v false_a in_o all_o his_o deposition_n whether_o the_o point_n be_v coherent_a or_o not_o but_o he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o only_o in_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_o punish_v as_o if_o he_o have_v depone_v false_o upon_o the_o substantial_o of_o what_o be_v interrogat_n and_o yet_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v falsarius_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v one_o of_o barclay_n servant_n to_o be_v send_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n because_o he_o prevaricat_fw-la only_o in_o his_o deposition_n about_o the_o carry_v of_o a_o letter_n though_o that_o be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o debate_n and_o be_v main_o use_v to_o try_v the_o witness_n honesty_n oblivion_n or_o forgetfulness_n excuse_v sometime_o à _fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la falsi_fw-la if_o it_o be_v invincible_o or_o strong_o found_v but_o not_o otherwise_o witness_n depon_v false_o and_o such_o as_o induce_v witness_n be_v by_o our_o law_n punish_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n act_n 80._o parl._n 6._o i._o 5._o but_o thereafter_o by_o pierce_v their_o tongue_n and_o escheat_v of_o their_o moveable_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o be_v never_o to_o brook_v honour_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o be_v to_o be_v further_o punish_v in_o their_o person_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o fault_n q._n m._n parl._n 6._o cap._n 48._o by_o the_o lord_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o may_v punish_v witness_n ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la during_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o process_n before_o themselves_o wherein_o the_o witness_n depone_v false_o but_o if_o either_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o depon_v in_o another_o court_n or_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v functi_fw-la officio_fw-la as_o to_o the_o process_n wherein_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o lord_n can_v judge_v the_o falsehood_n or_o punish_v the_o false_a witness_n sometime_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n who_o have_v confess_v that_o they_o subscribe_v witness_n to_o a_o disposition_n grant_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o his_o nephew_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n who_o banish_v they_o and_o sometime_o they_o themselves_o ordain_v they_o to_o be_v banish_v or_o to_o have_v their_o tongue_n pierce_v or_o to_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o cock-stool_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n yet_o they_o can_v ordain_v they_o to_o die_v because_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n grant_v by_o this_o act_n can_v in_o law_n be_v extend_v ad_fw-la infligendam_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la as_o be_v full_o clear_v elsewhere_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v to_o remit_v the_o falsarie_a to_o the_o justice_n if_o the_o crime_n deserve_v death_n but_o it_o may_v be_v question_v if_o the_o justice_n can_v inflict_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n in_o any_o case_n upon_o false_a witness_n since_o that_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v capital_a by_o any_o act_n but_o to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o may_v and_o do_v inflâ—ct_a capital_a punishment_n upon_o the_o committer_n of_o this_o crime_n in_o some_o case_n and_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n ja._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o be_v mean_v the_o civil_a law_n &_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la witness_v have_v be_v hang_v for_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o croy_n and_o for_o suborn_v other_o to_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o cheyn_n march_v 15._o 1605._o and_o grahame_n march_v 8._o 1615._o at_o which_o time_n also_o dunlop_n and_o some_o other_o be_v hang_v for_o offer_v themselves_o to_o be_v false_a witness_n albeit_o they_o do_v not_o actual_o depon_n because_o they_o be_v not_o receive_v
the_o offer_n have_v before_o their_o examination_n come_v to_o light_n ix_o the_o three_o kind_n of_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o falsify_v money_n falsum_fw-la nummartum_fw-la which_o be_v account_v so_o great_a a_o crime_n that_o it_o be_v common_o except_v out_o of_o remission_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o crightoun_n remission_n march_v 15._o 1661._o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v 1._o by_o forge_v true_a money_n without_o authority_n 2._o by_o coin_v false_a money_n and_o impress_v copper_n lead_v or_o any_o base_a metal_n with_o the_o stamp_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o of_o other_o currant_n money_n 2._o by_o mix_v and_o ally_v worset_n with_o noble_a metal_n in_o currant_n coin_n 4._o by_o vent_v and_o pass_v or_o out-putting_a as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o the_o adulterate_a money_n coin_a by_o other_o or_o entertain_v the_o forger_n or_o be_v art_n and_o part_v red_a or_o of_o the_o council_n with_o the_o coiner_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la probos_fw-la nummos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la in_o officina_fw-la publica_fw-la tenentur_fw-la lege_fw-la cornelia_n nummaria_fw-la l._n 12._o c._n de_fw-fr falsa_fw-la monet_fw-la qui_fw-la adulterinos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la veros_fw-la adulterant_fw-la radunt_fw-la fingunt_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la cunque_fw-la &_o l._n seque_fw-la ff_n hoc_fw-la tit_n qui_fw-la nammos_fw-la probos_fw-la lavant_fw-la constant_a aut_fw-la vultu_fw-la principum_fw-la signatos_fw-la reprobant_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr vet_n numis_fw-la pot_n by_o our_o law_n every_o burgh_n shall_v have_v a_o clipping-house_n which_o be_v a_o house_n for_o try_v money_n for_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o clip_v and_o swear_v man_n who_o shall_v clip_v evil_a money_n who_o be_v to_o have_v a_o penny_n for_o ilk_fw-mi pound_n that_o be_v clip_v and_o the_o haver_n be_v to_o tine_n the_o false-money_n i._o 6._o p._n 1._o c._n 19_o and_o the_o clip_a money_n if_o it_o be_v evil_a stuff_n or_o false_a coin_n shall_v be_v return_v to_o the_o owner_n i._o 4._o p._n 4._o act_n 4._o they_o who_o falsify_v money_n or_o counterfeit_v the_o king_n iron_n be_v to_o be_v justify_v id_fw-la est_fw-la punish_v according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n act_n 124._o p._n 7._o i._o 5._o by_o which_o act_n though_o it_o be_v add_v according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n yet_o we_o have_v no_o law_n de_fw-fr falso_fw-la nummario_fw-la prio_fw-la to_o this_o except_o act_n 40._o p._n 5._o i._o 3._o which_o punish_v only_o the_o home-bringer_n of_o black_a money_n with_o death_n by_o the_o act_n 70._o p._n 9_o q._n m._n the_o home-bringer_n of_o false_a coin_v or_o lay-money_n shall_v be_v dilate_v and_o the_o dilater_n be_v to_o have_v the_o half_a of_o all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a for_o his_o reveal_n and_o it_o seem_v by_o that_o act_n that_o it_o be_v make_v treason_n for_o confiscation_n of_o land_n or_o movable_a good_n be_v only_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o i_o find_v no_o other_o act_n that_o can_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o drummond_n conviction_n as_o a_o traitor_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr practica_fw-la this_o crime_n have_v be_v diverse_o punish_v reid_n be_v hang_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n with_o the_o king_n iron_n july_n 13._o 1602._o drummond_n burn_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n novemb_n 27._o 1601._o and_o his_o brother_n patrick_n drummond_n burn_v also_o for_o art_n and_o part_n red_a counsel_n and_o conceal_v the_o treasonable_a forge_n coin_v and_o out-putting_a for_o vent_v be_v still_o a_o crime_n and_o be_v design_v out-putting_a in_o our_o style_n of_o false_a money_n meinzy_n also_o be_v hang_v for_o art_n and_o part_n as_o say_v be_v june_n 30._o 1603._o thomson_n be_v hang_v and_o forefault_n for_o bring_v home_o and_o out-putting_a false_a money_n january_n 19_o 1603._o x._o the_o four_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v false_a weight_n and_o measure_n adulterinae_fw-la staterae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la l._n corneliam_n l._n annonam_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim_n &_o falsae_fw-la measurae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la relegationem_fw-la ibid._n with_o we_o the_o use_v false_a measure_n or_o weight_n of_o old_a be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_a leg_n burg._n cap._n 52._o and_o the_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a thereto_o for_o the_o first_o three_o fault_n but_o the_o forth_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v only_o punishable_a by_o the_o justice_n because_o the_o committer_n life_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v cap._n 74._o ibid._n but_o now_o such_o as_o use_v false_a measure_n or_o weight_n deceive_v the_o people_n be_v to_o be_v indict_v as_o falsar_n act_n 47._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o by_o which_o act_n haver_n can_v be_v punish_v except_o they_o use_v since_o the_o act_n ordain_v user_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o mention_n only_o such_o as_o deceive_v the_o people_n which_o be_v not_o do_v without_o use_v and_o by_o the_o 2._o act_n parl._n 19_o ja._n 6._o the_o user_n of_o false_a weight_n and_o measure_n be_v to_o tine_n their_o hail_n good_n and_o geir_n which_o punishment_n derogat_n not_o from_o the_o former_a act_n inflict_v the_o punishment_n of_o falsit_fw-la as_o have_v be_v debate_v more_o full_o in_o the_o title_n of_o deforcement_n de_fw-fr practica_fw-la i_o find_v that_o brown_n be_v fyne_v for_o false_a measure_n by_o the_o council_n warrant_v in_o 100_o mark_n pen._n july_n 1629._o and_o that_o porteus_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o use_v be_v not_o prove_v since_o have_v of_o false_a weight_n in_o the_o shop_n presume_v use_v except_o this_o presumption_n be_v take_v off_o as_o by_o allege_v that_o the_o weight_n be_v present_o buy_v or_o borrow_v or_o lay_v aside_o as_o light_v may_n 1671._o by_o the_o foresay_a last_o act_n the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o stewart_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n but_o their_o commission_n there_o be_v only_o tempory_o for_o a_o year_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o these_o be_v not_o otherways_o judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n else_o this_o commission_n have_v be_v unnecessary_a the_o use_v also_o a_o long_a ell_n or_o yard_n be_v also_o punishable_a though_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o here_o the_o merchant_n himself_o be_v only_o prejudge_v for_o he_o may_v receive_v as_o well_o as_o give_v out_o by_o it_o nor_o do_v the_o law_n presume_v that_o a_o man_n will_v keep_v any_o measure_n to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n i_o find_v also_o that_o there_o be_v a_o merchant_n in_o elgin_n pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n july_n ult_n 1672._o for_o false_a weight_n in_o swaâ—_n far_o as_o he_o go_v to_o a_o mercat_n drag_v his_o tobacco_n after_o the_o boat_n in_o the_o salt_n water_n which_o make_v it_o weigh_v more_o than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v have_v do_v and_o so_o the_o people_n be_v cheat_v but_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v and_o though_o the_o defender_n allege_v that_o this_o be_v do_v for_o keep_v the_o tobacco_n from_o dry_v too_o much_o and_o moulder_v into_o piece_n yet_o the_o magistrate_n of_o elgin_n have_v fyned_fw-we he_o former_o for_o the_o same_o fault_n in_o 20._o pound_n scot_n even_o for_o the_o ill_a example_n paena_fw-la falsi_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la tenetur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o sua_fw-la mercatura_fw-la addit_fw-la inutile_fw-la ut_fw-la pulverem_fw-la arenam_fw-la etc._n etc._n aut_fw-la species_n aridas_fw-la detinet_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la humido_fw-la carp_n pag._n 375._o xi_o falshood_n be_v also_o commit_v by_o assume_v a_o false_a name_n vid._n stellionatum_fw-la and_o by_o present_v one_o person_n for_o another_o at_o the_o subscribe_v of_o paper_n suppositio_fw-la salsae_fw-la personae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la partum_fw-la svi_fw-la positum_fw-la by_o the_o civil_a law_n i_o find_v one_o david_n donaldson_n hang_v for_o this_o imposture_n have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o false_a person_n who_o design_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o person_n who_o shall_v by_o the_o agreement_n have_v subscribe_v the_o assignation_n decemb._n 12._o 1611._o the_o suppose_v a_o false_a birth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o lay_n in_o one_o child_n for_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o false_a deed_n with_o the_o punishment_n of_o falsehood_n since_o thereby_o man_n be_v cheat_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n l._n ad_fw-la corn._n the_o fall_v the_o word_n whereof_o be_v periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la subeat_fw-la be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o death_n boer_n decis_fw-la 82._o and_o the_o midwife_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o a_o false_a child_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n pegner_n decis_fw-la 80._o but_o i_o find_v that_o farin_n relate_v that_o periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la be_v in_o this_o case_n extend_v no_o further_o than_o scourge_v but_o yet_o since_o this_o be_v a_o great_a cheat_n and_o do_v steal_v away_o a_o estate_n from_o the_o righteous_a heir_n and_o adulterats_n the_o offspring_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v panish_v as_o severe_o
to_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o a_o party_n have_v make_v his_o antagonist_n absolute_o judge_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n he_o have_v as_o it_o be_v submit_v to_o he_o &_o juramentum_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la ultimum_fw-la refugium_fw-la and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o case_n decide_v per._n l._n 2._o c._n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la credit_n religionem_fw-la contemptam_fw-la juramenti_fw-la satis_fw-la deum_fw-la habet_fw-la ultorem_fw-la sed_fw-la majestatis_fw-la crimen_fw-la vel_fw-la periculum_fw-la corporis_fw-la &_o si_fw-la per_fw-la principis_fw-la venerationem_fw-la quodam_fw-la calore_fw-la fuerit_fw-la perjeratum_fw-la inferri_fw-la non_fw-la placet_fw-la for_o in_o the_o immediate_o precede_v law_n it_o be_v say_v that_o causa_fw-la jure_fw-la jurando_fw-la ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la utriusque_fw-la partis_fw-la delato_fw-la decisa_fw-la nec_fw-la perjurii_fw-la praetextu_fw-la retractari_fw-la potest_fw-la so_o that_o add_v both_o law_n together_o the_o sense_n be_v that_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v refer_v to_o any_o party_n oath_n it_o be_v decide_v conform_v thereto_o that_o decision_n can_v neither_o be_v retract_v upon_o pretext_n of_o perjury_n nor_o can_v the_o perjurer_n be_v corporal_o punish_v and_o this_o seem_v a_o much_o more_o reasonable_a answer_n than_o those_o many_o give_v by_o the_o doctor_n but_o yet_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o the_o conclusion_n itself_o nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o conform_a to_o our_o law_n nor_o perhaps_o to_o reason_n for_o interest_n and_o avarice_n be_v sufficient_a bait_n to_o perjury_n though_o impunity_n be_v not_o thereto_o add_v and_o when_o the_o party_n defer_v a_o oath_n he_o intend_v thereby_o to_o submit_v final_o to_o he_o to_o who_o the_o famine_n be_v defer_v but_o not_o so_o but_o that_o if_o thereafter_o the_o sweaâ—er_n shall_v be_v find_v perjure_a he_o may_v be_v still_o challenge_v nor_o perhaps_o will_v he_o have_v defer_v the_o oath_n if_o he_o have_v not_o conclude_v himself_o secure_a as_o to_o what_o shall_v be_v depone_v not_o only_o out_o of_o respect_n to_o religion_n but_o likewise_o because_o of_o the_o hazard_n of_o perjury_n and_o see_v in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v mendacium_fw-la juramento_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v perjury_n be_v there_o any_o ground_n why_o at_o least_o his_o majesty_n be_v advocate_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o pursue_v it_o for_o the_o reason_n which_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o speciality_n in_o it_o cease_v in_o he_o and_o as_o there_o be_v no_o decision_n in_o favour_n of_o clarus_n his_o opinion_n in_o our_o law_n so_o in_o mr._n james_n row'_v and_o other_o case_n where_o this_o may_v have_v be_v propon_v this_o defence_n be_v never_o propon_v yet_o in_o some_o case_n the_o deponer_n in_o juramento_fw-la delato_fw-la crave_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v declare_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v liable_a for_o perjury_n when_o any_o oath_n be_v necessary_o so_o defer_v to_o he_o which_o the_o lord_n in_o some_o case_n use_v to_o grant_v as_o in_o facto_fw-la antiquo_fw-la and_o by_o so_o do_v they_o show_v that_o perjury_n be_v punishable_a regulariter_fw-la even_o in_o he_o to_o who_o a_o oath_n be_v defer_v but_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o doctor_n have_v more_o just_o conclude_v that_o where_o a_o oath_n be_v defer_v in_o criminal_n though_o the_o panel_n need_v not_o swear_v yet_o if_o he_o do_v swear_v he_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o a_o perjure_a person_n though_o he_o swear_v false_o quia_fw-la licet_fw-la cuique_fw-la suum_fw-la redimere_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la clar._n num_fw-la 12._o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o this_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o in_o usury_n and_o other_o case_n because_o there_o the_o law_n obliedge_v he_o to_o give_v his_o oath_n and_o matheus_n do_v think_v that_o it_o shall_v in_o no_o case_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o perjurer_n shall_v there_o be_v punish_v with_o a_o double_a punishment_n both_o for_o conceal_v the_o crime_n and_o also_o perjure_v himself_o and_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o this_o be_v rather_o punishable_a then_o ordinary_a perjury_n because_o the_o defender_n need_v not_o swear_v and_o be_v in_o no_o hazard_n by_o not_o swear_v and_o the_o less_o the_o temptation_n be_v the_o sin_n be_v always_o the_o great_a nor_o need_v the_o defender_n redeem_v his_o own_o blood_n by_o swear_v as_o be_v pretend_v or_o at_o least_o licet_fw-la hoc_fw-la liceat_fw-la licere_fw-la tam_fw-la debet_fw-la per_fw-la modum_fw-la licitum_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la perjurio_fw-la vi_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v doubt_v in_o some_o case_n whether_o the_o violation_n of_o a_o oath_n do_v infer_v perjury_n as_o when_o a_o judge_n give_v his_o oath_n that_o he_o shall_v administrat_fw-la justice_n impartial_o or_o a_o advocate_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v honest_a in_o his_o employment_n without_o discover_v his_o client_n secret_a or_o betray_v his_o business_n if_o that_o judge_n take_v money_n as_o a_o bribe_n or_o that_o advocate_n thereafter_o prevaricate_a may_v be_v upon_o these_o account_n pursue_v for_o perjury_n and_o this_o be_v i_o remember_v controvert_v in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v pursue_v upon_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o queen_n mary_n for_o perjury_n because_o he_o be_v allege_v to_o have_v take_v money_n from_o the_o defender_n in_o case_n wherein_o they_o be_v pursue_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o this_o can_v not_o infer_v perjury_n be_v argue_v from_o this_o that_o our_o law_n have_v make_v some_o particular_a statute_n as_o to_o perjury_n it_o design_v thereby_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o nation_n shall_v not_o in_o this_o crime_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o see_v it_o have_v only_o punish_v perjury_n in_o the_o case_n of_o witness_n assizer_n and_o bigamy_n it_o do_v clear_o follow_v that_o perjury_n deum_fw-la tantum_fw-la habet_fw-la ultorem_fw-la in_o all_o other_o case_n 2._o if_o perjury_n be_v punishable_a in_o this_o case_n tutor_n and_o executor_n who_o find_v caution_n may_v be_v always_o punish_v for_o perjury_n where_o they_o be_v pursuable_a for_o maladministration_n which_o be_v absurd_a and_o be_v never_o practise_v in_o any_o nation_n 3._o when_o such_o oath_n as_o these_o be_v give_v these_o word_n as_o you_o shall_v answer_v to_o god_n be_v ordinary_o adject_v rather_o to_o impress_v a_o fear_n of_o the_o deity_n upon_o the_o swearer_n than_o to_o subject_v he_o by_o the_o oath_n to_o the_o hazard_n of_o perjury_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o perjury_n be_v neither_o thought_n upon_o consider_v by_o the_o administrator_n nor_o the_o swearer_n so_o that_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la agitur_fw-la at_o that_o time_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v always_o look_v to_o in_o punish_v of_o crime_n 4._o if_o consequential_a perjury_n have_v be_v punishable_a as_o formal_a perjury_n there_o need_v no_o act_n to_o have_v be_v make_v declare_v that_o bigamy_n shall_v be_v repute_n and_o punish_v as_o perjury_n see_v it_o be_v such_o by_o consequence_n before_o that_o act._n for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o this_o case_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o divide_v perjury_n in_o formal_a and_o consequential_a perjury_n and_o to_o conclude_v that_o formal_a perjury_n which_o be_v in_o these_o case_n declare_v perjury_n by_o a_o express_a act_n shall_v be_v punishable_a as_o a_o crime_n but_o that_o consequential_a perjury_n as_o may_v be_v instance_a in_o the_o case_n above-written_a shall_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o crime_n but_o as_o a_o aggravation_n for_o see_v in_o these_o the_o perjurer_n do_v not_o formal_o design_n to_o commit_v perjury_n be_v be_v not_o very_o rational_a to_o think_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o formal_a punishment_n of_o that_o crime_n which_o distinction_n i_o find_v likewise_o allow_v by_o the_o civilian_n for_o albeit_o formal_a perjury_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o banishment_n and_o infamy_n yet_o if_o any_o man_n die_v by_o that_o perjury_n as_o in_o false-witnessing_a in_o capital_a crime_n the_o perjury_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la punishable_a by_o death_n and_o if_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o treason_n it_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n margaret_z wood_n be_v in_o february_n 1631._o pursue_v for_o have_v perjure_v herself_o as_o a_o false_a witness_n in_o so_o far_o as_o she_o have_v be_v cite_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o examine_v by_o they_o she_o have_v depone_v many_o false_a thing_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o pitcaple_n and_o richard_n mowat_n against_o which_o pursuit_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o she_o 1._o that_o she_o can_v not_o be_v pursue_v as_o a_o false_a witness_n because_o a_o woman_n in_o our_o law_n can_v be_v a_o witness_n and_o consequent_o she_o can_v be_v a_o false_a witness_n 2._o she_o do_v not_o depon_n upon_o oath_n before_o the_o council_n and_o consequent_o she_o can_v be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n since_o nemo_fw-la
it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v conceive_v disjunctive_o likeas_n it_o seem_v that_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v design_v to_o add_v the_o word_n common_a to_o receipt_n and_o stouthreif_n they_o will_v have_v add_v the_o same_o to_o prevent_v this_o objection_n and_o it_o seem_v indeed_o that_o stouthreif_n which_o be_v that_o species_n of_o theft_n that_o we_o call_v robery_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n in_o land_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o common_o commit_v the_o same_o because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v robbery_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v rob_v than_o steal_v this_o crime_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v in_o they_o as_o common_a theft_n and_o according_o the_o foresay_a alledgiance_n be_v propon_v for_o james_n wood_n the_o 21._o may_v 1601._o it_o be_v repel_v iii_o in_o this_o process_n likewise_o the_o say_a james_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o rob_v the_o writ_n and_o evident_n belong_v to_o bonitown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi oughts_z to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o land_n to_o which_o these_o evident_n belong_v because_o if_o that_o be_v condescend_v on_o the_o panel_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o say_v land_n and_o consequent_o the_o evident_n do_v belong_v to_o himself_o which_o alledgiance_n be_v likewise_o repel_v nor_o be_v it_o find_v necessary_a that_o a_o civil_a precognition_n shall_v proceed_v in_o this_o case_n and_o in_o june_n 1668._o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o libel_n be_v relevant_a bear_v in_o general_n that_o jewel_n or_o pearl_n be_v steal_v without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a number_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o macgibbons_n decemb._n 8._o 1676._o that_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o person_n from_o who_o the_o good_n be_v rob_v nor_o what_o good_n be_v rob_v but_o only_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o panel_n do_v frequent_o rob_v the_o house_n of_o garntilly_n and_o strathurd_n tenant_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o where_o private_a party_n pursue_v ad_fw-la interest_n privatum_fw-la such_o a_o condescendance_n be_v nessary_a because_o the_o informer_n may_v know_v nor_o can_v the_o private_a damnage_n be_v repair_v except_o his_o loss_n be_v liquid_o prove_v yet_o when_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o a_o habitual_a and_o constant_a trade_n of_o rob_v and_o sorning_n be_v libel_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n and_o if_o the_o speciality_n be_v not_o prove_v the_o panel_n have_v no_o prejudice_n for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v find_v guilty_a nor_o will_v the_o probation_n be_v conclude_v but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o his_o majesty_n which_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v rob_v or_o what_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v his_o majesty_n interest_n that_o no_o constant_a and_o habitual_a robbery_n be_v commit_v in_o his_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o ordinary_a then_o to_o sustain_v libel_n against_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o open_a rebellion_n without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v kill_v or_o rob_v in_o that_o rebellion_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o if_o the_o particular_a good_n allege_v to_o be_v rob_v be_v condescend_v on_o the_o libel_n may_v be_v elide_v by_o this_o suitable_a defence_n viz._n that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o the_o good_n or_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n it_o may_v have_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o be_v not_o preclude_v from_o such_o defence_n by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o libel_n for_o the_o panel_n may_v allege_v that_o the_o take_v away_o of_o such_o and_o such_o good_n can_v not_o infer_v robbery_n because_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o these_o good_n or_o be_v warrant_v to_o take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n the_o justice_n sustain_v this_o libel_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o generality_n aforesaid_a alexander_n steil_n be_v pursue_v in_o august_n 1669._o for_o steal_v and_o rob_v evident_n writ_n and_o clothes_n out_o of_o captain_n barclay_v house_n who_o be_v his_o master_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi behove_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o say_n evident_n be_v take_v away_o by_o force_n or_o break_v up_o of_o door_n and_o that_o the_o servant_n have_v of_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v theft_n though_o he_o have_v deliver_v they_o to_o a_o three_o party_n and_o albeit_o this_o shall_v be_v prove_v yet_o the_o justice_n find_v this_o alledgeance_n relevant_a viz._n that_o this_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v steal_v be_v give_v to_o the_o panel_n that_o he_o may_v counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n and_o he_o have_v no_o freedom_n to_o comply_v therewith_o he_o do_v run_v away_o to_o the_o lord_n fyvie_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o same_o to_o he_o without_o any_o reward_n which_o alledgeance_n be_v find_v relevant_a as_o say_v be_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o as_o to_o the_o wear_n clothes_n the_o libel_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a except_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o captain_n barclay_n and_o be_v under_o his_o lock_n at_o the_o time_n since_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o servant_n have_v wear_v these_o clothes_n public_o in_o his_o master_n service_n which_o purge_v the_o presumption_n of_o theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o poor_a servant_n can_v do_v if_o he_o have_v break_v up_o the_o door_n real_o at_o his_o master_n desire_n who_o have_v send_v he_o home_o to_o bring_v paper_n though_o he_o can_v not_o prove_v the_o command_n otherways_o then_o by_o his_o master_n oath_n for_o his_o master_n may_v always_o easy_o prove_v the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o door_n iv._o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n and_o so_o frequent_a be_v it_o that_o by_o the_o 21._o act_n parl._n 1_o ja._n 6._o all_o such_o as_o recept_n fortify_v maintain_v or_o give_v meat_n harbour_n or_o assistance_n to_o any_o such_o robber_n be_v declare_v art_n and_o part_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o act_n strike_v only_o where_o there_o be_v letter_n of_o intercommune_v and_o that_o because_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v to_o the_o effect_n it_o shall_v be_v know_v to_o what_o purpose_n they_o intercommune_v and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o severe_a to_o punish_v man_n as_o thief_n except_o they_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o to_o do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n or_o letter_n of_o intercommuning_n v._o by_o the_o 227._o act_n parl._n 14._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v for_o the_o same_o hatred_n against_o robber_n lawful_a to_o all_o his_o majesty_n liege_n to_o concur_v and_o join_v against_o clann_n and_o border_n thief_n and_o to_o take_v and_o execute_v they_o all_o magistrate_n and_o freeholders_n be_v make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v act._n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n and_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v but_o temporary_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o power_n of_o execute_v but_o robber_n may_v be_v lawful_o seize_v on_o without_o authority_n vi_o oppression_n be_v ordinary_o but_o a_o quality_n of_o other_o crime_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v sometime_o special_a dittaye_v found_v thereupon_o per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o there_o be_v some_o particular_a act_n declare_v several_a species_n of_o it_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o reif_a or_o by_o other_o specific_a punishment_n mention_v in_o the_o said_n act_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o compel_v the_o king_n proper_a tenant_n to_o ride_v or_o do_v service_n of_o avarage_n carriage_n shear_v lead_v etc._n etc._n and_o shall_v be_v punish_v according_o act_n 21._o p._n 2._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o take_v caup_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o duty_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v give_v by_o private_a man_n to_o such_o as_o thief_n and_o other_o great_a man_n act_n 18._o and_o 19_o parl._n 2._o ja._n 4._o vid._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o a_o crafts-man_n to_o take_v custom_n or_o any_o other_o taxation_n from_o another_o of_o that_o same_o craft_n or_o for_o they_o to_o make_v private_a act_n among_o themselves_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o people_n acts._n 42._o and_o 43._o parl._n 4._o james._n 4._o act._n 111._o parl._n 7._o i._o 5._o and_o act._n 4._o par._n 19_o ja._n 6._o it_o be_v oppression_n for_o customer_n to_o exact_v more_o than_o their_o due_n act._n 46._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o molest_v magistrate_n of_o burgh_n and_o other_o merchand_n to_o use_v their_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n act._n 26._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 5._o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o
oppression_n to_o exact_v more_o fraught_v from_o passenger_n or_o great_a price_n for_o weaver_n and_o handiwork_n than_o what_o be_v allow_v and_o usual_a act_n 21_o and_o 23._o parl._n 5._o q._n m._n it_o be_v oppression_n to_o stop_v or_o make_v impediment_n of_o common_a high_a way_n to_z or_o from_o burgh_n act_n 54._o parl._n 6._o q_o m._n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o officer_n to_o extort_v the_o liege_n act_n 33._o p._n 5._o i._o 3._o &_o act_n 83._o parl._n 11._o i._o 6._o or_o to_o put_v out_o or_o put_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o assizour_n give_v to_o he_o by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi act_n 88_o parl._n 11._o i._o 6._o in_o which_o last_o act_n common_a oppressor_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n oppression_n be_v also_o punishable_a by_o death_n act._n 42._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 4._o act_n 88_o parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o vii_o because_o ofttimes_o in_o their_o case_n the_o panel_n pretend_v that_o what_o he_o do_v take_v by_o force_n be_v his_o own_o or_o that_o he_o have_v a_o right_a thereto_o therefore_o except_o the_o violence_n be_v very_o great_a the_o justice_n use_n to_o ordain_v the_o matter_n of_o right_a to_o be_v first_o discuss_v before_o the_o civil_a judge_n as_o be_v find_v in_o novemb_n 1675_o in_o the_o case_n of_o inglis_n of_o east-sheilds_a and_o in_o many_o other_o case_n and_o by_o the_o 33._o act._n 4._o parl._n i._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o as_o for_o depredation_n masterful_a reiff_n and_o spoilzy_n particular_a diet_n shall_v be_v set_v therefore_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o matter_n be_v first_o civil_o discuss_v before_o they_o upon_o which_o act_n it_o be_v ofttimes_o allege_a before_o the_o justice_n that_o the_o cause_n must_v be_v civil_o discuss_v before_o the_o session_n in_o all_o masterful_a reiff_n before_o they_o can_v proceed_v to_o cognosc_fw-la thereupon_o but_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o the_o justice_n do_v constant_o sustain_v criminal_a process_n for_o reiff_n and_o robbery_n without_o any_o previous_a civil_a precognition_n and_o they_o find_v this_o act_n to_o be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o monimusk_n 27._o of_o november_n 1611._o and_o i_o think_v that_o by_o lord_n in_o that_o act_n be_v not_o mean_v the_o lord_n of_o sâ—ssion_n for_o that_o act_n be_v two_o year_n prior_n to_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o session_n but_o that_o by_o lord_n there_o be_v mean_v the_o justice_n themselves_o for_o there_o be_v no_o session_n at_o that_o time_n the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o many_o civil_a case_n original_o such_o as_o perambulation_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o all_o civil_a case_n if_o they_o have_v a_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o or_o dependence_n upon_o criminal_a case_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o person_n who_o be_v allege_v to_o have_v commit_v masterful_a reiff_n or_o spuilzy_n can_v pretend_v that_o what_o he_o do_v be_v in_o prosecution_n of_o his_o own_o right_n the_o justice_n have_v a_o latitude_n to_o try_v the_o matter_n of_o right_n first_o civil_o but_o this_o be_v never_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v by_o the_o act_n leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n it_o remain_v then_o to_o be_v consider_v how_o far_o the_o take_n away_o by_o violence_n what_o be_v real_o a_o man_n own_o can_v infer_v a_o guilt_n against_o he_o which_o difficulty_n may_v be_v clear_v in_o these_o few_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o the_o thing_n violent_o possess_v though_o by_o a_o common_a spuilzie_n and_o much_o more_o by_o a_o masterful_a reiff_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v nam_fw-la spoliatus_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la omne_fw-la restituendus_fw-la and_o that_o though_o he_o who_o take_v away_o what_o be_v his_o own_o can_v instant_o prove_v his_o right_n and_o since_o this_o hold_v where_o the_o violence_n be_v only_o commit_v by_o a_o simple_a riot_n it_o shall_v by_o a_o strong_a consequence_n hold_v where_o the_o thing_n be_v take_v away_o by_o such_o violent_a mean_n as_o amount_v to_o a_o crime_n and_o so_o this_o shall_v be_v no_o good_a defence_n either_o against_o a_o criminal_a or_o civil_a pursuit_n 2._o not_o only_o aught_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v restore_v but_o even_o the_o true_a proprietar_n who_o intromet_v with_o his_o own_o by_o open_a force_n &_o violence_n be_v punishable_a for_o the_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_n to_o himself_o but_o much_o less_o that_o he_o shall_v use_v violence_n &_o force_v upon_o any_o account_n and_o this_o be_v to_o invade_v or_o assume_v jurisdiction_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o a_o crime_n the_o three_o conclusion_n be_v that_o if_o any_o man_n do_v by_o force_n or_o violence_n extort_v from_o another_o a_o writ_n or_o obligation_n which_o he_o can_v have_v obliedge_v he_o in_o law_n to_o grant_v that_o force_n be_v not_o only_o punishable_a criminally_n but_o the_o deed_n so_o extort_a be_v reducable_a by_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n as_o be_v find_v in_o january_n 1675._o though_o it_o be_v allege_v there_o that_o such_o force_n may_v be_v criminal_o punish_v yet_o the_o deed_n so_o grant_v can_v not_o be_v reduce_v since_o such_o deed_n be_v only_o reduceable_a where_o something_o may_v be_v restore_v but_o here_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v restore_v since_o the_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v extort_a by_o force_n depend_v upon_o a_o former_a minute_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o grant_a can_v have_v be_v compel_v to_o have_v grant_v the_o same_o and_o this_o be_v the_o same_o case_n as_o if_o a_o creditor_n shall_v compel_v his_o debtor_n by_o force_n to_o pay_v he_o what_o be_v his_o own_o in_o which_o though_o the_o force_n be_v punishable_a yet_o the_o debtor_n can_v not_o repeat_v what_o he_o have_v just_o pay_v as_o be_v clear_a not_o only_o by_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n but_o l._n 12._o ff_n quoth_v meet_v cause_n julianus_n ait_fw-fr eum_fw-la qui_fw-la vim_o adhibuit_fw-la ut_fw-la debitori_fw-la svo_fw-la ut_fw-la ei_fw-la solverit_fw-la hoc_fw-la edicto_fw-la non_fw-la teneri_fw-la propter_fw-la naturam_fw-la actionis_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la quae_fw-la damnum_fw-la exegit_fw-la quamvis_fw-la negari_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la in_o juliam_fw-la eum_fw-la de_fw-la vi_fw-la incidisse_fw-la &_o jus_o crediti_fw-la amiss_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o disadvantageous_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o a_o great_a usurpation_n against_o authority_n then_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o force_v the_o executioner_n and_o the_o law_n just_o presume_v that_o he_o have_v no_o legal_a right_n who_o will_v not_o pursue_v iâ—_n in_o a_o legal_a way_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v every_o man_n will_v discuss_v his_o own_o suspension_n himself_o by_o force_v his_o debtor_n to_o pass_v from_o it_o and_o will_v force_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o debtor_n to_o give_v he_o bond_n or_o his_o debtor_n himself_o to_o fulfil_v all_o minute_n without_o any_o regal_a pursuit_n every_o master_n will_v thus_o thrust_v out_o his_o tenant_n and_o every_o creditor_n force_v his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v by_o carry_v he_o away_o prisoner_n and_o when_o he_o be_v that_o length_n he_o will_v allege_v that_o nihil_fw-la illi_fw-la deest_fw-la and_o as_o to_o the_o former_a law_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o detestation_n of_o force_n and_o violence_n do_v allow_v three_o several_a remedy_n to_o the_o person_n violent_v viz._n edictum_fw-la praetor_n be_v quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la etc._n etc._n lex_fw-la julia_fw-la which_o punish_v the_o force_n as_o a_o crime_n &_o decretum_fw-la divi_z marci_n all_o which_o three_o be_v express_o mention_v in_o that_o title_n and_o though_o by_o the_o old_a edict_n and_o the_o lex_fw-la julia_fw-la he_o who_o force_v his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v what_o be_v just_o due_a can_v not_o be_v by_o these_o remedy_n restore_v quia_fw-la nihil_fw-la decrat_fw-mi vim_o passo_n as_o the_o law_n former_o cite_v do_v prove_v yet_o ex_fw-la decreto_fw-la divi_z marci_n which_o be_v posterior_n to_o these_o remedy_n as_o marcus_n antoninus_n be_v long_a posterior_n to_o julius_n caesar_n even_o he_o who_o take_v payment_n of_o his_o own_o can_v not_o defend_v himself_o by_o allege_v upon_o his_o right_n which_o excellent_a law_n be_v set_v down_o l._n 13._o ff_n quod_fw-la motus_fw-la causa_fw-la quisquis_fw-la igitur_fw-la probatus_fw-la mihi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la rem_fw-la ullam_fw-la debitoris_fw-la vel_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la debitam_fw-la non_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la sibi_fw-la sponte_fw-la datam_fw-la sine_fw-la ullo_fw-la judice_fw-la tempore_fw-la possidere_fw-la vel_fw-la accipisse_n isque_fw-la sibi_fw-la jus_o in_fw-la eam_fw-la rem_fw-la dixisse_fw-la jus_o crediti_fw-la non_fw-la habebit_fw-la and_o faber_n upon_o that_o law_n do_v excellent_o conclude_v that_o this_o be_v a_o just_a supplement_n of_o the_o former_a law_n and_o cujacius_n allow_v this_o remedy_n not_o only_o to_o
be_v because_o diverse_a exception_n be_v former_o propound_v against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o summons_n whereby_o party_n be_v frustrate_v of_o justice_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o that_o act_n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n oblige_v to_o libel_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o commit_n and_o so_o guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n in_o swa_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v force_v to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o accession_n which_o seem_v unjust_a to_o the_o parliament_n because_o as_o i_o conjecture_v the_o accuser_n can_v not_o know_v all_o the_o accession_n before_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o witness_n for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o witness_n prodere_fw-la testimonium_fw-la to_o declare_v what_o they_o will_v depon_n and_o this_o make_v it_o impossible_a for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v exact_o whereas_o if_o he_o err_v in_o exact_a libel_v the_o panel_n or_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v because_o the_o probation_n do_v not_o quadrat_fw-la with_o the_o libel_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n be_v accuse_v for_o accession_n to_o the_o murder_n of_o one_o in_o swa_o far_o as_o he_o give_v direction_n to_o a._n b._n to_o kill_v he_o possible_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a of_o accession_n though_o not_o by_o give_v direction_n yet_o by_o counsel_v a._n b._n or_o by_o direct_v p._n or_o any_o other_o to_o commit_v murder_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a and_o yet_o can_v not_o be_v condemn_v because_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o prove_v yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v hard_a that_o such_o a_o general_a libel_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v relevant_a since_o it_o be_v as_o reasonable_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n that_o a_o person_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n which_o generality_n will_v not_o be_v allow_v likeas_n the_o defender_n seem_v by_o this_o preclude_v of_o many_o defence_n which_o will_v be_v competent_a to_o he_o if_o the_o libel_n be_v more_o special_a and_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o libel_n must_v condescend_v special_o upon_o the_o manner_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o accession_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o inconvenient_a be_v that_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o condescendency_n which_o infer_v art_n &_o part_n albeit_o many_o question_n in_o jure_fw-la be_v there_o start_v which_o be_v very_o intricat_a and_o which_o have_v trouble_v the_o great_a and_o most_o accurate_a doctor_n for_o by_o our_o practic_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o libel_n art_n and_o part_n will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o condescend_v how_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n or_o accessary_a to_o the_o crime_n commit_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o pursuit_n at_o sinclar_n instance_n against_o captain_n barclay_n but_o the_o libel_n be_v relevant_a when_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o defender_n must_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o probation_n be_v thereupon_o lead_v in_o which_o many_o impertinent_a and_o irrelevant_a interrogator_n be_v propound_v whereas_o if_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n no_o impertinent_a interrogator_fw-la will_v be_v allow_v since_o nothing_o can_v be_v interrogated_a but_o what_o be_v find_v to_o depend_v necessary_o upon_o the_o accession_n which_o be_v find_v relevant_a as_o also_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v the_o advocat_n upon_o both_o side_n be_v force_v to_o debate_v the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o probation_n and_o how_o far_o the_o accession_n be_v relevant_a and_o here_o law_n decision_n and_o doctor_n be_v allege_v to_o assizer_n who_o understand_v neither_o as_o for_o instance_n if_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n be_v libel_v probable_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v interrogat_n if_o the_o witness_n hear_v the_o defender_n say_v that_o it_o be_v no_o fault_n though_o the_o person_n who_o be_v kill_v be_v stab_v or_o approve_v the_o murder_n after_o it_o be_v commit_v upon_o which_o much_o debate_n may_v arise_v for_o the_o defender_n procurator_n will_v contend_v that_o the_o article_n be_v not_o relevant_a and_o though_o the_o justice_n do_v allow_v or_o the_o assizer_n do_v desire_v that_o the_o witness_n shall_v answer_v to_o these_o interrogator_n as_o they_o usual_o allow_v all_o interrogator_n reserve_v the_o relevancy_n to_o be_v debate_v after_o probation_n be_v conclude_v then_o a_o learned_a debate_n will_v ensue_v before_o the_o assizer_n after_o close_v of_o the_o probation_n upon_o these_o point_n so_o that_o the_o assizer_n be_v against_o the_o intention_n even_o of_o our_o law_n judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o to_o the_o point_n of_o law_n by_o who_o ignorance_n also_o the_o liedge_n be_v ofttimes_o much_o prejudge_v but_o when_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi design_n to_o have_v the_o relevancy_n of_o his_o condescendency_n judge_v by_o the_o justice_n he_o use_v to_o libel_v that_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n libel_v in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o give_v order_n or_o advise_v the_o commit_n of_o it_o etc._n etc._n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n be_v special_o condescend_v upon_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v judge_n to_o all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v general_o that_o the_o complice_n be_v art_n and_o part_n yet_o the_o libel_n must_v bear_v express_o who_o be_v complice_n for_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o libel_v who_o be_v complice_n general_o but_o their_o name_n and_o designation_n must_v be_v specify_v k._n ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o act_n 76._o because_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n and_o that_o the_o debate_v make_v to_o the_o assize_n be_v not_o upon_o record_n be_v only_o deliver_v viva_fw-la voce_fw-la therefore_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v but_o few_o decision_n here_o adduce_v for_o clear_v the_o relevancy_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o dittay_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o liege_n who_o may_v be_v assizer_n may_v understand_v what_o accession_n be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v a_o guilt_n they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o one_o may_v be_v art_n and_o part_n by_o deed_n precede_v the_o crime_n either_o by_o counsel_n or_o command_v consilio_fw-la aut_fw-la mandato_fw-la by_o deed_n concomitate_v the_o crime_n as_o by_o help_n or_o by_o countenance_v open_a &_o assistentia_fw-la or_o by_o deed_n subsequent_a to_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o by_o ratihabit_v or_o recept_v all_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v separat_o iii_o how_o far_o the_o advise_v and_o counsel_v a_o man_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o accession_n and_o art_n and_o part_n of_o that_o crime_n be_v thus_o resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n if_o say_v they_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o however_o and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o be_v advise_v thereto_o than_o the_o adviser_n be_v not_o liable_a so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o same_o punishment_n with_o the_o committer_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v whereas_o if_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v not_o have_v commit_v and_o perpetrate_v the_o crime_n if_o he_o have_v not_o receive_v that_o advice_n than_o the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o to_o be_v punish_v clar._n quest_n 89._o but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o opinion_n for_o since_o the_o adviser_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o have_v the_o crime_n commit_v and_o that_o the_o effect_n follow_v he_o be_v sure_o as_o guilty_a as_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v it_o see_v in_o crime_n we_o look_v to_o the_o design_n and_o not_o to_o the_o event_n in_o maleficiis_fw-la spectatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la non_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o maleficia_fw-la propositum_fw-la distingut_n at_o least_o the_o adviser_n be_v equal_o guilty_a whether_o it_o have_v be_v commit_v with_o or_o without_o his_o advice_n even_o as_o he_o have_v be_v guilty_a in_o case_n of_o assistance_n though_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v be_v commit_v without_o his_o assistance_n nor_o be_v guilt_n spare_v by_o lessen_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v whether_o the_o committer_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o without_o the_o advice_n and_o counsel_n give_v other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o atrocious_a crime_n the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o punishable_a which_o certain_o hold_v in_o treason_n but_o that_o in_o lesser_a crime_n the_o adviser_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v then_o the_o actor_n and_o this_o distinction_n i_o like_v better_o and_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o our_o practic_n in_o our_o law_n advice_n and_o counsel_n come_v under_o art_n for_o advice_n be_v a_o species_n of_o contrivance_n and_o art_n and_o
mixtum_fw-la quia_fw-la cum_fw-la jurisdictione_n est_fw-la conjunctum_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la simplex_fw-la differt_fw-la secundum_fw-la bartolum_n a_o mixto_fw-la imperio_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixtum_fw-la expediatur_fw-la judicis_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la judicis_fw-la ordinario_fw-la with_o we_o the_o justice_n have_v only_o a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o commissar_n a_o mere_o civil_a jurisdiction_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o sheriff_n a_o mix_a jurisdiction_n partly_o civil_a partly_o criminal_a but_o in_o all_o jurisdiction_n though_o mere_o civil_a there_o be_v still_o a_o innat_fw-la power_n to_o punish_v even_o criminal_o such_o as_o offend_v and_o disturb_v even_o the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n thus_o the_o lord_n may_v ordain_v such_o as_o strike_v any_o in_o the_o parliament_n house_n whilst_o they_o sit_v or_o falsify_v paper_n produce_v before_o they_o or_o abuse_v any_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o be_v degrade_v or_o banish_v or_o to_o pay_v a_o fine_n or_o to_o have_v their_o tongue_n bore_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o merit_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o in_o law_n when_o any_o power_n be_v grant_v every_o thing_n be_v also_o grant_v which_o be_v necessary_a for_o explicate_v or_o execute_v that_o power_n ii_o jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v likewise_o in_o ordinariam_fw-la &_o delegatam_fw-la and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o power_n of_o judge_a crime_n which_o be_v merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la can_v be_v delegat_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o can_v not_o l._n 1._o &_o l._n 70._o ff_n de_fw-fr regulis_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o see_v crime_n be_v of_o so_o great_a concernment_n that_o industria_fw-la personae_fw-la in_o electiono_fw-la judicis_fw-la respicitur_fw-la there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v be_v cognosce_v by_o depute_n ordinary_a commission_n with_o we_o also_o bear_v a_o power_n of_o delegation_n which_o be_v unnecessary_a if_o the_o power_n of_o delegation_n be_v inhaerent_a natural_o in_o jurisdiction_n and_o albeit_o i_o have_v see_v justice_n deputes_o delegat_v other_o to_o represent_v they_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n yet_o this_o practice_n seem_v to_o want_v both_o warrant_n and_o reason_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o craig_n pag._n 192._o that_o potestatem_fw-la gladij_fw-la qui_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la quam_fw-la a_o principe_fw-la habet_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la delegare_fw-la and_o by_o balfour_n cap._n 63._o that_o a_o baron_n can_v delegat_n any_o person_n to_o judge_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o blood_n except_o the_o say_a power_n be_v special_o allow_v he_o but_o the_o law_n allow_v even_o to_o depute_n though_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o delegat_v other_o a_o power_n to_o appoint_v another_o to_o judge_v for_o they_o in_o case_n of_o necessary_a absence_n l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-mi off_o ejus_fw-la cui_fw-la man_v which_o lawyer_n do_v also_o allow_v ex_fw-la paritate_fw-la rationis_fw-la to_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a bart._n ibid._n and_o the_o reason_n of_o both_o be_v lest_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v by_o their_o absence_n or_o sickness_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o crime_n be_v present_o try_v iii_o jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v by_o our_o law_n in_o cumulativam_fw-la for_o so_o we_o call_v that_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v competent_a to_o several_a judge_n and_o whereby_o they_o may_v preveen_v one_o another_o and_o thus_o sheriff_n and_o baron_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n in_o blood_n weit_n &_o privatam_fw-la for_o so_o we_o call_v that_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v competent_a peculiarly_a to_o any_o one_o judge_n this_o distinction_n be_v use_v very_o much_o in_o our_o law_n and_o especial_o by_o craig_n pag_n 192._o who_o lay_v it_o down_o as_o rule_v that_o omnis_fw-la curia_fw-la delegatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la cumulative_a sed_fw-la nunquam_fw-la privative_a non_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la quasi_fw-la translatio_fw-la juris_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la persona_fw-la in_o alium_fw-la sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la mandata_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la jurisdictione_n sive_fw-la mandato_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la remanet_fw-la in_o delegante_fw-la nec_fw-la minus_fw-la dominus_fw-la post_fw-la juvestituram_fw-la vassallo_fw-la factam_fw-la retinet_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la &_o curiam_fw-la quam_fw-la antea_fw-la and_o thus_o albeit_o his_o majesty_n grant_v commission_n to_o a_o sheriff_n yet_o he_o ofttimes_o appoint_v other_o depute_n as_o mr._n william_n wallace_n in_o edinburgh_n sir_n gilbert_n stewart_n in_o the_o sherifdom_n of_o perth_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o though_o a_o prelate_n have_v appoint_v a_o heritable_a bailiff_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o thereby_o exclude_v from_o sit_v himself_o although_o he_o be_v thereby_o exclude_v from_o appoint_v any_o other_o heritable_a bailiff_n as_o be_v observe_v by_o have_v 1._o february_n 1610._o iv._o jurisdiction_n be_v say_v to_o be_v prorogat_n when_o a_o defender_n do_v willing_o submit_v to_o the_o judicatur_fw-la before_o which_o he_o be_v cite_v though_o otherways_o not_o altogether_o competent_a &_o affirmare_fw-la judicium_fw-la be_v to_o submit_v to_o a_o judicatory_a altogether_o incompetent_a it_o be_v a_o receive_a conclusion_n among_o lawyer_n that_o a_o delinquent_n may_v prorogat_v his_o jurisdiction_n who_o have_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n but_o that_o by_o a_o act_n of_o he_o as_o by_o compearance_n and_o answer_v before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n the_o delinquent_n can_v prorogat_n that_o judge_n jurisdiction_n who_o have_v no_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n at_o all_o clar._n quest_n 42._o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n before_o the_o commissar_n their_o decreet_a will_v be_v null_a though_o the_o delinquent_n decline_v not_o the_o court_n but_o if_o before_o a_o sheriff_n the_o sentence_n will_v be_v valid_a though_o the_o delinquent_n be_v not_o of_o his_o territory_n and_o though_o he_o be_v pursue_v for_o a_o crime_n to_o which_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o otherwise_o judge_v competent_a but_o a_o private_a delinquent_n by_o prorogate_a the_o â—udges_n jurisdiction_n as_o say_v be_v can_v only_o prejudge_v himself_o by_o his_o own_o compliance_n but_o can_v prejudge_v any_o other_o judge_n of_o his_o casuality_n title_n ii_o of_o the_o judge_n competent_a de_fw-fr foro_fw-la competenti_fw-la 1._o in_o what_o place_n may_v a_o delinquent_n be_v try_v 2._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n commit_v by_o stranger_n 3._o where_o be_v vagabond_n to_o be_v pursue_v 4._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o ecclesiastic_a person_n 5._o prevention_n among_o judge_n competent_a explain_v and_o clear_v i._o for_o understanding_n who_o be_v judge_n competent_a in_o general_n to_o punish_v crime_n and_o what_o find_v his_o competency_n or_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n speak_v quod_fw-la est_fw-la forum_n competens_fw-la it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o he_o who_o commit_v a_o crime_n may_v be_v judge_v either_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v which_o they_o call_v forum_n delicti_fw-la commissi_fw-la or_o in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v which_o be_v call_v forum_n originis_fw-la or_o in_o the_o pâ—ace_n where_o he_o dwell_v which_o â—s_v forum_n domicilii_fw-la the_o place_n where_o the_o fault_n be_v commit_v be_v of_o all_o the_o three_o the_o most_o competent_a for_o it_o be_v most_o just_a and_o fit_a that_o crime_n shall_v be_v punish_v where_o they_o be_v commit_v that_o other_o who_o have_v see_v the_o crime_n may_v by_o that_o punishment_n be_v deter_v from_o commit_v the_o like_a and_o that_o the_o party_n injure_v may_v be_v somewhat_o repair_v by_o see_v the_o law_n just_o revenge_v their_o wrong_n and_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v accuser_n can_v most_o easy_o attend_v and_o probation_n can_v be_v soon_o and_o best_a hear_v act_n 6._o p._n 6._o i._o 1._o not_o only_a where_o the_o crime_n itself_o be_v full_o commit_v may_v it_o be_v try_v but_o where_o any_o part_n of_o it_o be_v commit_v and_o therefore_o a_o thief_n may_v be_v judge_v not_o only_a where_o he_o first_o break_v the_o house_n but_o by_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o place_n where_o he_o be_v take_v with_o the_o thing_n steal_v carleval_fw-fr de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la pag._n 156._o but_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v take_v can_v only_o proceed_v against_o the_o thief_n in_o that_o case_n if_o he_o be_v present_a but_o can_v cite_v he_o if_o he_o be_v absent_a whereas_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o house_n be_v break_v may_v cite_v he_o though_o he_o be_v absent_a and_o if_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o house_n be_v break_v or_o the_o thing_n be_v first_o steal_v please_v he_o may_v require_v the_o other_o to_o remit_v he_o or_o send_v he_o back_o to_o he_o to_o be_v judge_v but_o this_o last_o will_v not_o hold_v in_o our_o practice_n for_o with_o we_o wherever_o a_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o a_o fang_n he_o may_v be_v hang_v nor_o be_v
that_o judge_v oblige_v to_o send_v he_o back_o except_z either_o in_o the_o case_n of_o prevention_n or_o repledgiation_n there_o be_v some_o crime_n which_o may_v be_v commit_v in_o several_a place_n and_o yet_o be_v the_o same_o crime_n as_o be_v begin_v in_o one_o place_n and_o perfect_v in_o another_o and_o for_o know_v who_o be_v judge_n competent_a for_o try_v those_o crime_n i_o think_v we_o may_v thus_o distinguish_v either_o the_o crime_n be_v begin_v in_o one_o place_n and_o perfect_v in_o another_o both_o in_o respect_n of_o he_o who_o commit_v the_o crime_n and_o of_o he_o against_o who_o it_o be_v commit_v as_o if_o one_o shall_v wound_v a_o man_n in_o one_o territory_n and_o shall_v follow_v and_o kill_v he_o in_o another_o or_o take_v away_o a_o woman_n in_o one_o territory_n and_o deflower_v she_o in_o another_o in_o which_o case_n the_o judge_n of_o either_o territory_n be_v competent_a but_o so_o that_o there_o be_v place_n for_o prevention_n for_o the_o scandal_n be_v commit_v in_o both_o place_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o both_o be_v injure_v the_o other_o case_n be_v when_o the_o crime_n be_v begin_v in_o one_o place_n and_o perfect_v in_o another_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o committer_n as_o if_o a_o man_n in_o one_o territory_n shall_v stand_v and_o shoot_v one_o in_o another_o in_o which_o case_n the_o judge_n of_o both_o territory_n aâ—e_v competent_a l._n 1._o c._n ubi_fw-la de_fw-la crim_fw-la or_o the_o crime_n be_v begin_v in_o one_o and_o perfect_v in_o another_o place_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v in_o one_o pâ—ace_n give_v order_n that_o the_o crime_n shall_v be_v commit_v in_o another_o place_n or_o shall_v ratify_v in_o one_o place_n what_o be_v commit_v in_o another_o place_n and_o in_o that_o case_n clar._n bartel_n and_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o crime_n shall_v be_v try_v only_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v consumat_fw-la because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o give_v of_o the_o mandat_fw-la or_o order_n to_o commit_v the_o crime_n but_o it_o be_v the_o commission_n of_o the_o crime_n which_o infer_v the_o guilt_n but_o i_o crave_v leave_n to_o differ_v from_o they_o and_o to_o think_v that_o other_o judge_n be_v competent_a and_o that_o because_o ofttimes_o the_o give_v of_o a_o mandat_fw-la or_o order_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n be_v of_o itself_o a_o crime_n and_o because_o he_o who_o give_v the_o order_n have_v offend_v the_o jurisdiction_n where_o he_o live_v he_o ought_v there_o to_o be_v punish_v and_o the_o crime_n commit_v in_o the_o other_o place_n not_o be_v his_o own_o who_o give_v the_o order_n but_o because_o of_o the_o order_n it_o must_v therefore_o be_v draw_v back_o to_o the_o order_n and_o so_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o give_v the_o order_n which_o shall_v the_o rather_o hold_v with_o we_o that_o the_o give_v order_n be_v art_n and_o part_n and_o so_o be_v in_o our_o law_n punishable_a in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o the_o principal_a crime_n if_o any_o man_n commit_v a_o crime_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o two_o several_a jurisdiction_n or_o territory_n he_o may_v be_v punish_v in_o either_o though_o some_o lawyer_n be_v so_o subtle_a as_o to_o conclude_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v murder_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o two_o jurisdiction_n the_o murder_n ought_v to_o be_v try_v in_o that_o jurisdiction_n within_o which_o the_o head_n of_o the_o murder_a man_n fall_v but_o if_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n dwell_v also_o in_o either_o of_o the_o territory_n or_o if_o the_o judge_n of_o either_o of_o the_o territory_n be_v found_v upon_o any_o other_o ground_n of_o competency_n than_o that_o judge_n who_o be_v so_o found_v double_o aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v quia_fw-la duo_fw-la vincula_fw-la magis_fw-la stringunt_fw-la decian_a tract_n crim_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 17._o ii_o so_o well_o found_v be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v as_o to_o his_o competency_n that_o some_o english_a soldier_n have_v in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o kill_v a_o man_n in_o edinburgh_n the_o justice_n here_o be_v find_v judge_n competent_a though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o be_v soldier_n can_v only_o be_v try_v by_o a_o council_n of_o war_n and_o be_v english_a soldier_n under_o english_a pay_n and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o english_a army_n they_o can_v only_o be_v try_v in_o england_n all_o which_o be_v repel_v because_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v here_o and_o it_o be_v strange_a why_o any_o of_o the_o english_a do_v think_v this_o hard_a since_o they_o have_v execute_v queen_n mary_n though_o a_o queen_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o ross_n though_o a_o ambassador_n for_o allege_a treason_n commit_v in_o england_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o place_n where_o the_o delinquent_n dwell_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o criâ—â—_n be_v because_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o the_o judge_n purge_v his_o own_o land_n and_o territory_n of_o evil_a doer_n and_o malefactor_n lest_o they_o affect_v other_o by_o their_o example_n or_o fall_v themselves_o to_o commit_v the_o like_a crime_n there_o also_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o who_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o malefactor_n be_v bear_v be_v judge_n competent_a be_v because_o the_o malefactor_n may_v and_o will_v probable_o return_v to_o the_o place_n of_o his_o nativity_n and_o it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v judge_v as_o to_o his_o life_n where_o he_o first_o receive_v life_n and_o judge_n ought_v to_o consider_v the_o life_n and_o conversation_n of_o the_o delinquent_n which_o none_o can_v do_v so_o well_o as_o judex_fw-la domicilii_fw-la and_o therefore_o these_o two_o domicilii_fw-la &_o originis_fw-la be_v still_o equiparat_fw-la in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o find_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o one_o find_v ofttimes_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o other_o and_o their_o joint_a competency_n may_v be_v understand_v by_o these_o conclusion_n first_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o a_o man_n dwell_v or_o be_v bear_v may_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n proceed_v to_o take_v trial_n of_o the_o crime_n commit_v within_o their_o own_o territory_n if_o the_o person_n be_v find_v within_o the_o territory_n 2._o if_o he_o be_v not_o find_v some_o think_v they_o can_v proceed_v if_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o commit_v in_o their_o own_o territory_n but_o other_o do_v more_o just_o distinguish_v thus_o that_o either_o he_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o accusation_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a party_n and_o then_o judex_fw-la domicilii_fw-la be_v competent_a but_o that_o neither_o of_o these_o judge_n can_v proceed_v to_o inquire_v into_o a_o crime_n commit_v without_o their_o own_o territory_n and_o though_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o distinction_n be_v very_o just_a because_o a_o accuser_n have_v always_o election_n where_o to_o pursue_v yet_o the_o last_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v just_o controvert_v for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o every_o judge_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o cleanse_v his_o own_o land_n of_o malefactor_n who_o dwell_v there_o and_o who_o may_v either_o infect_v his_o people_n oâ—_n commit_v the_o like_a crime_n as_o be_v say_v former_o 2._o it_o will_v encourage_v the_o committer_n of_o crime_n if_o they_o may_v go_v out_o of_o their_o own_o territory_n and_o commit_v crime_n elsewhere_o and_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v upon_o their_o return_n by_o the_o magistrate_n where_o they_o live_v whereas_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o poor_a party_n injure_v can_v not_o follow_v they_o to_o a_o place_n so_o far_o distant_a 3._o we_o see_v that_o father_n do_v and_o be_v obliedge_v to_o punish_v their_o child_n for_o fault_n do_v by_o they_o even_o without_o their_o own_o family_n and_o a_o judge_n be_v in_o law_n instead_o of_o a_o father_n to_o his_o own_o people_n and_o shall_v endeavour_v that_o they_o keep_v themselves_o free_a of_o all_o guilt_n 4._o per._n l._n 1._o c._n ubi_fw-la de_fw-la crim_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quaestiones_fw-la posse_fw-la institui_fw-la apud_fw-la judicem_fw-la loci_fw-la ubi_fw-la ipsa_fw-la commissa_fw-la sunt_fw-la aut_fw-la loci_fw-la ubi_fw-la reus_fw-la ad_fw-la est_fw-la and_o with_o we_o criminal_a pursuit_n be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o procurator_n fiskal_n of_o the_o territory_n where_o a_o man_n dwell_v for_o crime_n commit_v without_o the_o territory_n though_o no_o private_a party_n inform_v i_o find_v likewise_o that_o calderas_n do_v distinguish_v thus_o if_o say_v he_o both_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o delinquent_n dwell_v be_v under_o the_o same_o prince_n though_o the_o jurisdiction_n be_v under_o different_a private_a judge_n and_o the_o private_a territory_n be_v different_a yet_o the_o judge_n
cause_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n and_o of_o old_a if_o a_o person_n accuse_v for_o treason_n do_v absent_v himself_o the_o criminal_a court_n not_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n can_v proceed_v to_o take_v trial_n by_o probation_n against_o he_o and_o so_o all_o they_o can_v do_v be_v only_o to_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n for_o his_o absence_n upon_o which_o denounciation_n his_o escheat_n do_v only_o fall_v but_o he_o can_v not_o be_v forefeit_v and_o therefore_o since_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o he_o shall_v by_o his_o own_o absence_n procure_v to_o himself_o a_o impunity_n and_o exemption_n from_o forfeiture_n the_o parliament_n do_v by_o their_o supreme_a power_n cite_v the_o person_n guilty_a to_o appear_v before_o they_o and_o do_v lead_v probation_n in_o absence_n against_o he_o and_o forfeit_v he_o in_o absence_n though_o guilty_a but_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a that_o parliament_n behoove_v either_o to_o be_v call_v or_o such_o delinquent_n pass_v unpunished_a therefore_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n 2._o parl._n ch._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o try_v crime_n by_o probation_n even_o when_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v absent_a in_o case_n of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n and_o open_a and_o manifest_a rebellion_n against_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n and_o their_o authority_n so_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v yet_o only_a judge_n to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n by_o probation_n against_o absent_v except_o only_a perduellion_n oâ—_n open_a and_o manifest_a treason_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v have_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v probation_n against_o absent_v in_o this_o which_o be_v the_o great_a of_o crime_n and_o not_o in_o crime_n of_o lesser_a importance_n yet_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o just_a detestation_n which_o the_o parliament_n have_v of_o this_o crime_n and_o that_o the_o punishment_n thereof_o may_v not_o be_v delay_v where_o the_o delay_n may_v prove_v so_o dangerous_a ii_o if_o the_o parliament_n forfeit_v any_o person_n after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n their_o sentence_n can_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judge_n act_n 39_o parl._n 11._o k._n i._n 6._o and_o though_o it_o be_v add_v to_o that_o act_n that_o no_o forfeiture_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judicatory_a for_o these_o word_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v seem_v unnecessary_a since_o after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o the_o parliament_n no_o inferior_a judicatory_a can_v quarrel_v a_o decreet_a of_o parliament_n even_o though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o say_v decreet_a be_v not_o lawful_a and_o orderly_a yet_o if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o denounce_v fugitive_n by_o the_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n may_v suspend_v in_o that_o case_n if_o the_o process_n be_v not_o orderly_o lead_v but_o whether_o they_o can_v reduce_v even_o in_o that_o case_n est_fw-la altioris_fw-la indaginis_fw-la and_o some_o think_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o such_o a_o decreet_a shall_v receive_v present_a execution_n where_o possible_o the_o party_n be_v not_o lawful_o cite_v yet_o that_o such_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o parliament_n as_o that_o the_o illegality_n of_o that_o procedure_n before_o they_o though_o not_o object_v before_o sentence_n shall_v remain_v undecided_a till_o the_o next_o session_n of_o parliament_n iii_o if_o the_o parliament_n shall_v remit_v any_o such_o process_n for_o crime_n to_o any_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o be_v decide_v final_o before_o they_o it_o have_v be_v doubt_v whether_o their_o decision_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o session_n and_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n reach_v only_o to_o decision_n in_o parliament_n but_o yet_o since_o decreet_n pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n be_v repute_v with_o we_o decreet_n of_o parliament_n and_o since_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n for_o valuation_n of_o teind_n be_v not_o reduceable_a because_o these_o decreet_n be_v repute_v decreet_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n it_o seem_v that_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n in_o crime_n after_o probation_n can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v and_o reduce_v by_o the_o session_n or_o other_o inferior_a judicatories_n title_n iu._n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high-constable_n in_o crminals_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n constable_n and_o his_o power_n 2._o the_o office_n of_o petty_a constable_n 3._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o those_o who_o be_v constable_n of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n i._o some_o describe_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o word_n coning_n which_o signify_v a_o king_n and_o staple_n which_o signify_v a_o stay_n or_o hold_v in_o the_o saxon_a language_n because_o constabulary_n be_v only_o erect_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o king_n keep_v house_n and_o thus_o the_o constable_n be_v judge_v of_o old_a to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o twelve_o league_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o habitation_n l._n malcol_n c._n 6._o though_o skeen_n there_o observe_v that_o the_o best_a manuscript_n bear_v only_o two_o league_n or_o four_o scot_n miles_n our_o craig_n and_o other_o author_n derive_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o comes_fw-la stabuli_fw-la under_o the_o roman_a empire_n nam_fw-la constabularius_fw-la say_v he_o nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la praefectus_fw-la aequitum_fw-la since_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o bruce_n this_o office_n of_o high-constable_n stand_v heretable_o in_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o errol_n and_o their_o be_v some_o debate_n concern_v his_o jurisdiction_n francis_n earl_n of_o errol_n obtain_v commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o 23._o of_o jun_n 1630._o seal_v penult_n march_v 1631._o to_o the_o person_n therein_o specify_v or_o any_o nine_o of_o they_o impower_v they_o to_o search_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n consuetude_n monument_n and_o register_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o evident_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n or_o the_o lord_n hay_o his_o son_n shall_v produce_v concern_v their_o honour_n hostilogy_n privilege_n and_o immmunity_n belong_v or_o which_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o constabulary_a from_o the_o first_o institution_n thereof_o this_o commission_n i_o have_v see_v with_o the_o report_n thereof_o date_v the_o 27_o of_o july_n 1631._o bearing_n the_o commissioner_n to_o have_v meet_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n and_o his_o say_a son_n and_o to_o have_v consider_v their_o instruction_n warrant_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n anent_o the_o constable_n privilege_n and_o in_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o report_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n only_o here_o treat_v of_o they_o set_v down_o these_o word_n the_o constable_n be_v supreme_a in_o all_o matter_n of_o riot_n disorder_n blood_n and_o slaughter_v commit_v within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o council_n represent_v the_o royal_a authority_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o that_o alse_a well_o within_o the_o court_n as_o outwith_o the_o same_o and_o the_o trial_n and_o punishment_n of_o such_o crime_n and_o offence_n be_v proper_a and_o due_a to_o the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n and_o the_o provost_n and_o baily_n of_o that_o centre_n or_o burgh_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n within_o the_o bound_n where_o the_o say_v fact_n be_v commit_v be_v obliedge_v to_o ride_v concur_v fortify_v and_o assist_v the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n in_o take_v the_o say_n malefactor_n and_o to_o make_v their_o tolbooth_n patent_n for_o receive_v they_o therein_o as_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o production_n of_o warrant_n grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n predecessor_n to_o that_o effect_n and_o which_o likewise_o appear_v by_o the_o exhibition_n of_o certain_a bond_n make_v by_o the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o the_o constable_n for_o the_o time_n concern_v that_o purpose_n the_o king_n have_v see_v this_o report_n do_v approve_v it_o in_o a_o letter_n direct_v to_o his_o secret_a council_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o court_n at_o theobal_n the_o 11._o of_o may_v 1633._o registrat_n in_o the_o book_n of_o secret_a council_n the_o 15._o day_n of_o that_o month_n and_o in_o the_o commission_n report_n and_o letter_n foresay_a the_o constable_n be_v design_v high-constable_n and_o his_o office_n the_o high-office_n of_o constabulary_a the_o constable_n be_v still_o in_o use_n since_o that_o time_n to_o judge_v riot_n within_o the_o bound_n foresaid_n and_o to_o interrupt_v the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n when_o he_o know_v of_o their_o meddle_v provide_v the_o riot_n be_v commit_v in_o time_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n hold_v at_o edinburgh_n anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o 1641._o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n be_v find_v
potest_fw-la amirans_fw-la marinas_fw-la intelligo_fw-la quae_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la causa_fw-la ineuntur_fw-la sive_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr celebrantur_fw-la delicta_fw-la tamen_fw-la ex_fw-la necessitate_v intra_fw-la mar_v be_v fluxum_fw-la perpetrari_fw-la debent_fw-la in_o scotland_n the_o dean_n of_o gilled_a be_v as_o walwood_n observe_v tit_n 23._o ordinary_a judge_n of_o old_a betwixt_o mariner_n and_o merchand_n likeas_n the_o waterbailiff_n betwixt_o mariner_n and_o mariner_n and_o the_o justice-general_a be_v judge_n in_o criminal_n but_o now_o no_o judge_n may_v meddle_v say_v he_o with_o the_o admiral_n cause_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o assistance_n and_o that_o by_o commission_n in_o difficult_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v in_o that_o action_n antoni_fw-la de_fw-fr latour_n against_o christian_a marteis_fw-la 6._o of_o november_n 1642._o ii_o in_o october_n 1635._o bernard_n gilermo_n and_o some_o spanish_a dutch_a and_o french_a pirate_n be_v apprehend_v mr._n james_n robertson_n then_o admiral-deput_a crave_v that_o the_o council_n will_v name_v assessor_n to_o he_o in_o the_o trial_n of_o these_o foreigner_n and_o they_o be_v name_v a_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n for_o the_o register_n of_o the_o admiralty_n give_v it_o that_o title_n be_v keep_v at_o irwine_n and_o these_o pirate_n indict_v and_o hang_v for_o piracy_n commit_v by_o they_o upon_o french_a spanish_a and_o dutch_a merchand_n the_o party_n injure_v be_v receive_v witness_n else_o these_o crim_n at_o sea_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v this_o trial_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n as_o before_o the_o justice_n iii_o by_o the_o martim_fw-la law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n who_o take_v a_o pirate_n in_o the_o ocean_n to_o hang_v he_o at_o the_o main-yard_n because_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o ocean_n be_v within_o no_o man_n jurisdiction_n &_o so_o every_o man_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a liberty_n but_o this_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a for_o thus_o man_n may_v execute_v their_o revenge_n in_o place_n of_o justice_n and_o may_v make_v innocent_a man_n pirate_n for_o their_o private_a advantage_n and_o judicatur_n be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v such_o injury_n and_o upon_o that_o pretext_n man_n may_v as_o well_o adjudge_v prize_n take_v upon_o the_o ocean_n but_o yet_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v on_o her_o voyage_n to_o remote_a place_n as_o the_o indies_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n can_v keep_v the_o pirate_n till_o they_o come_v to_o a_o harbour_n they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n execute_v they_o at_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o self-defence_n and_o necessity_n make_v law_n but_o i_o think_v this_o necessity_n must_v be_v prove_v vid._n grot._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr belli_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 20_o §_o 14._o and_o for_o this_o same_o reason_n i_o differ_v from_o that_o author_n who_o assert_n num_fw-la 12._o that_n if_o the_o taker_n bring_v a_o pirate_n to_o a_o port_n and_o the_o judge_n refuse_v or_o delay_n justice_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n must_v lose_v than_o the_o taker_n may_v execute_v justice_n himself_o for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v every_o man_n judge_n not_o only_o of_o the_o pirate_n but_o of_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o application_n be_v make_v and_o a_o private_a person_n may_v as_o well_o pretend_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n delay_v or_o deny_v justice_n against_o such_o as_o we_o pretend_v do_v either_o rob_v or_o affront_v we_o we_o may_v do_v justice_n upon_o they_o ourselves_o contrary_a to_o many_o law_n and_o particular_o to_o l._n nullus_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr judaeis_n the_o same_o learned_a author_n juris_fw-la maritimi_fw-la do_v tell_v we_o cap._n 4._o num_fw-la 14._o that_n if_o a_o spaniard_n rob_v a_o frenchman_n on_o the_o high_a sea_n both_o their_o prince_n be_v in_o amity_n among_o themselves_o and_o with_o england_n and_o that_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o port_n of_o enland_n the_o frenchman_n may_v proceed_v against_o the_o spaniard_n to_o punish_v he_o but_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v intra_fw-la prasidia_fw-la of_o that_o prince_n by_o who_o subject_n the_o same_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o can_v proceed_v criminal_o but_o the_o taker_n must_v resort_v to_o the_o pirate_n own_o country_n or_o where_o he_o carry_v the_o ship_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n a_o pirate_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o any_o nation_n for_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o though_o he_o be_v not_o deprehend_v commit_v a_o crime_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n within_o which_o he_o be_v deprehend_v and_o so_o seem_v not_o liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n nec_fw-la ratione_fw-la loci_fw-la delicti_fw-la nec_fw-la originis_fw-la nec_fw-la domicilii_fw-la yet_o he_o who_o be_v of_o no_o nation_n be_v of_o all_o nation_n as_o vagabond_n be_v and_o he_o who_o be_v a_o equal_a enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n commit_v a_o crime_n against_o every_o nation_n iv._o though_o the_o admiral_n criminal_a jurisdiction_n extend_v no_o further_a than_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o within_o flood-mark_a yet_o he_o be_v some_o time_n judge_v ratione_fw-la contingentiae_fw-la &_o ob_fw-la continentiam_fw-la causae_fw-la as_o if_o a_o man_n rescue_v a_o pirate_n out_o of_o prison_n though_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v without_o flood-mark_a yet_o the_o admiral_n be_v judge_n because_o it_o have_v dependence_n upon_o and_o arise_v from_o the_o principal_a crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v judge_n and_o if_o the_o admiral_n begin_v to_o present_a pirate_n or_o malefactor_n at_o sea_n he_o may_v continue_v his_o pursuit_n and_o apprehend_v they_o at_o land_n and_o without_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o he_o must_v in_o that_o case_n seek_v concurrence_n from_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n locen_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o v._o though_o the_o admiral_n have_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n yet_o some_o allege_v that_o he_o have_v not_o this_o proper_o as_o admiral_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o justiciary_a contain_v in_o his_o gift_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o admiral_n proceed_v to_o thy_o crime_n the_o court_n be_v not_o call_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n simple_o as_o in_o other_o case_n but_o the_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n it_o be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o admiral_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o judge_a crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o if_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o they_o and_o may_v preveen_v and_o that_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n be_v clear_a for_o i_o find_v that_o in_o anno_fw-la 1613._o the_o justice_n do_v hang_v one_o john_n davidson_n and_o john_n allows_v english_a pirate_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1610._o they_o hang_v peter_n love_n john_n cock_n and_o other_o likewise_o english_a pirate_n which_o last_o be_v hang_v upon_o their_o own_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o all_o of_o they_o be_v hang_v within_o flood-mark_a i_o have_v likewise_o see_v the_o justice_n advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n court_n but_o whether_o the_o admiral_n sentence_n in_o criminal_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o criminal_a court_n as_o their_o sentence_n in_o civil_n can_v be_v reduce_v before_o the_o session_n i_o will_v not_o determine_v title_n x._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o commissar_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o churchman_n 2._o our_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n 3._o how_o far_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o improbation_n i._o churchman_n be_v discharge_v to_o sit_v judge_n in_o crime_n and_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o bloodless_a jurisdiction_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o law_n give_v they_o audientiam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la do_fw-mi c._n the_o episcop_n audient_fw-la with_o we_o these_o bishop_n abstain_v from_o vot_v in_o criminal_a process_n bring_v in_o to_o the_o parliament_n though_o there_o they_o sit_v as_o heritor_n rather_o than_o as_o mere_a churchman_n and_o so_o may_v pretend_v to_o a_o voice_n upon_o that_o account_n ii_o the_o commissar_n be_v the_o bishop_n official_o and_o so_o have_v least_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o all_o other_o court_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n which_o be_v by_o the_o law_n account_v crime_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n be_v because_o that_o court_n as_o be_v a_o ecclesiastic_a court_n &_o curia_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la consider_v these_o verbal_a injury_n as_o scandal_n and_o so_o they_o be_v allow_v not_o only_o to_o punish_v the_o same_o with_o pecuniary_a mulct_n but_o with_o church_n censure_n such_o as_o to_o make_v the_o offender_n stand_v at_o the_o church_n door_n to_o expiate_v a_o slander_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o
of_o regality_n be_v no_o more_o judge_n competent_a to_o these_o than_o he_o be_v to_o treason_n i_o be_v once_o consult_v whether_o a_o lord_n of_o regality_n may_v place_v a_o gallow_n upon_o any_o part_n of_o his_o vassal_n land_n lie_v within_o his_o regality_n and_o at_o first_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o may_v for_o unaquaeque_fw-la gleba_fw-la seruit_fw-la and_o what_o be_v lawful_a in_o some_o part_n be_v where_o there_o be_v no_o restriction_n lawful_a in_o any_o part_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o former_a place_n fix_v upon_o by_o custom_n i_o think_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v not_o alter_v the_o same_o 2._o if_o there_o be_v any_o apparent_a design_n of_o affront_a the_o vassal_n i_o believe_v he_o can_v not_o use_v this_o privilege_n as_o if_o he_o do_v offer_v to_o place_v the_o gallow_n at_o his_o vassal_n gate_n or_o at_o his_o garden-door_n or_o any_o such_o place_n for_o where_o the_o law_n say_v that_o quilibet_fw-la potest_fw-la uti_fw-la jure_fw-la svo_fw-la it_o add_v modo_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la faciat_fw-la principaliter_fw-la in_o aemulationem_fw-la alterius_fw-la 3._o even_o in_o other_o place_n there_o be_v some_o moderamon_n &_o decorum_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o upon_o application_n to_o the_o council_n they_o will_v appoint_v some_o person_n to_o choose_v a_o indifferent_a place_n for_o even_o in_o these_o servitude_n ubi_fw-la unaquequae_fw-la gleba_fw-la seruit_fw-la hoc_fw-la accipiendum_fw-la est_fw-la â—iviliter_fw-la say_v the_o law_n &_o non_fw-la judaice_n for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v grant_v i_o a_o servitude_n of_o a_o way_n to_o my_o house_n through_o any_o part_n of_o his_o ground_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o compel_v he_o to_o throw_v down_o his_o garden_n wall_n or_o to_o suffer_v i_o to_o go_v thorrow_o his_o corn_n if_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v another_o passage_n find_v though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o near_o title_n xii_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o sheriff_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o this_o office_n and_o how_o it_o be_v convey_v in_o scotland_n 2._o he_o be_v the_o chief_a preserver_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o so_o many_o convocat_n the_o liedge_n apprehend_v sayer_n of_o mass_n false_a coiner_n etc._n etc._n 3._o he_o be_v not_o judge_n to_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n 4._o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v before_o the_o sheriff_n 5._o whether_o he_o may_v judge_v where_o no_o private_a party_n complain_v 6._o he_o shall_v attend_v the_o justice_n air_n 7._o how_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v if_o he_o transgress_v in_o his_o office_n alluredus_fw-la in_o the_o league_n make_v with_o guntherus_n king_n of_o denmark_n divide_v england_n in_o satrapias_fw-la centurias_fw-la &_o decurias_fw-la and_o call_v satrapiam_fw-la a_o shire_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o section_n or_o division_n of_o land_n from_o the_o word_n shire_n which_o signify_v to_o cut_v so_o that_o a_o sherifdom_n be_v a_o jurisdiction_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o particular_a limit_a country_n it_o be_v call_v in_o our_o latin_a stile_n vice_fw-la comitatus_fw-la and_o though_o most_o of_o the_o shire_n in_o scotland_n be_v erect_v in_o sherifdome_n by_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o by_o a_o unprint_v act_n in_o anno_fw-la 1504_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v unite_v or_o divide_v sherifdom_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o though_o his_o majesty_n erect_v a_o burgh-royal_a or_o barony_n within_o the_o sherifdome_n yet_o they_o still_o continue_v to_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o they_o have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o he_o but_o not_o privative_a of_o he_o sheriff_n in_o scotland_n be_v either_o during_o life_n and_o then_o the_o office_n pass_v by_o a_o signatour_n and_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v confer_v as_o a_o heritable_a right_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o it_o be_v transmit_v in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o manner_n with_o other_o heritable_a right_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v merum_fw-la jus_o incorporeum_fw-la it_o require_v no_o seize_v but_o albeit_o all_o these_o heritable_a office_n be_v upon_o good_a reason_n discharge_v by_o the_o 44_o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n i._n 6._o see_v industria_fw-la personae_fw-la respicitur_fw-la in_o judice_fw-la and_o albeit_o k._n i._n 6._o and_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o do_v design_n to_o buy_v in_o all_o the_o heritable_a sherifship_n and_o buy_v in_o many_o yet_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n enjoy_v by_o nobleman_n and_o other_o ii_o the_o sheriff_n of_o scotland_n have_v a_o civil_a and_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n but_o the_o last_o of_o these_o be_v that_o which_o we_o be_v only_o to_o consider_v as_o peculiar_a to_o this_o treatise_n the_o sheriff_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o supreme_a justice_n of_o peace_n to_o who_o be_v main_o entrust_v by_o the_o law_n the_o secure_n of_o the_o quiet_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o though_o no_o other_o person_n be_v allow_v to_o ride_v with_o gather_n of_o the_o liedge_n yet_o the_o sheriff_n be_v nor_o can_v he_o be_v pursue_v for_o a_o convocation_n upon_o that_o account_n see_v he_o may_v convocat_n at_o his_o pleasure_n for_o repress_v of_o tumult_n and_o upon_o many_o other_o account_n as_o be_v find_v in_o february_n 1664_o betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n and_o the_o laird_n of_o ballingown_n for_o it_o do_v belong_v to_o his_o office_n to_o discharge_v all_o convocation_n of_o the_o liedge_n and_o if_o they_o refuse_v he_o shall_v continue_v his_o court_n and_o advertise_v the_o king_n k._n ja._n 3._o parl._n 14._o act._n 104._o albeit_o in_o civilibus_fw-la neither_o the_o sheriff_n nor_o baron_n can_v hold_v court_n in_o feriat_fw-la or_o close_o time_n of_o vacance_n yet_o in_o criminal_n he_o may_v hold_v court_n during_o the_o time_n of_o vacance_n quia_fw-la periculum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o mora_fw-la as_o be_v observe_v by_o haddingtoun_n the_o 19_o january_n 1623._o and_o sheriff_n have_v not_o power_n to_o exact_a caution_n from_o a_o malefactor_n to_o under_o the_o law_n for_o he_o can_v proceed_v except_o either_o the_o defender_n be_v cite_v or_o deprehensus_fw-la inflagranti_fw-la crimine_fw-la 25._o mart._n 1628._o the_o sheriff_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o crime_n of_o witchcraft_n quen_o marry_o her_o 9_o parl._n act._n 37._o albeit_o the_o praxi_fw-la none_o use_v to_o judge_v witchcraft_n but_o the_o justice_n or_o such_o as_o have_v a_o particular_a commission_n from_o the_o council_n they_o shall_v apprehend_v the_o sayer_n and_o hearer_n of_o mass_n act_n 5._o pa._n 1._o k._n i._n 6._o and_o the_o striker_n of_o false_a coin_n i._o 3._o pa._n 3._o cap._n 18._o but_o they_o be_v not_o allow_v by_o the_o law_n express_o to_o proceed_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n competent_a thereto_o for_o else_o the_o law_n have_v express_o allow_v they_o the_o same_o &_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la they_o shall_v apprehend_v punish_v and_o banish_v sorner_n i._o 2._o p._n 6._o cap._n 22._o egyptian_n i._n 6._o p._n 12._o cap._n 124._o idle-man_n ja._n 1._o p._n 3._o cap._n 66._o shooter_n with_o firework_n q._n marry_o par._n 4._o cap._n 9_o forestallers_a i._o 5._o p._n 4._o cap._n 20._o transporter_n of_o neat_a and_o sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n ja._n 6._o par._n 7._o cap._n 124._o ja._n 6_o par._n 12._o cap._n 129._o the_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v k._n i._n 6._o p._n 6._o cap._n 84._o iii_o sheriff_n may_v at_o any_o time_n condemn_v for_o blood-weits_a but_o the_o penalty_n can_v exceed_v fifty_o pound_n the_o sheriff_n nor_o no_o other_o inferior_a judge_n can_v judge_v the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n open_a robbery_n fire_n raise_v and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n and_o murder_n yet_o of_o old_a sheriff_n may_v sit_v upon_o slaughter_n if_o the_o committer_n be_v attactht_v within_o forty_o day_n thereafter_o cap._n 59_o quon_n attach_v and_o act_n 89._o par._n 6._o i._o 1._o and_o if_o he_o be_v take_v red_a hand_n he_o shall_v be_v execute_v by_o the_o sheriff_n within_o that_o sun_n ibid._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o 28_o act_n parl._n 3_o k._n i._n 4._o three_o sun_n be_v allow_v conform_a to_o the_o old_a law_n and_o if_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o slaughter_n flee_v the_o sheriff_n shall_v acquaint_v the_o next_o sheriff_n and_o so_o from_o one_o judge_n to_o another_o until_o the_o committer_n be_v apprehend_v and_o when_o he_o be_v take_v he_o be_v to_o be_v send_v back_o to_o that_o sheriff_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v where_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v upon_o he_o and_o if_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o forethought_a felony_n he_o shall_v die_v
for_o above_o a_o hundred_o pound_n shall_v be_v sustain_v except_o it_o be_v otherwise_o warrant_v then_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o clerk_n albeit_o by_o the_o 75._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n ja._n 5._o the_o baron_n precept_n for_o summons_n in_o that_o court_n be_v so_o call_v shall_v be_v execute_v as_o summons_n before_o the_o lord_n and_o copy_n shall_v be_v leave_v and_o they_o endorse_v upon_o yet_o the_o 11._o of_o july_n 1634._o hay_o against_o airth_n it_o be_v find_v that_o execution_n by_o a_o baron_n officer_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o give_v in_o writ_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v probable_a by_o witness_n iii_o a_o baron_n have_v power_n may_v judge_v of_o theft_n if_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v in_o the_o fang_n quon_n attach_v cap._n 100_o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o baro_fw-la qui_fw-la libertatem_fw-la habet_fw-la de_fw-la sock_n &_o sack_n towle_z &_o theme_n possunt_fw-la judicare_fw-la furem_fw-la sasitum_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la furto_fw-la manifesto_fw-la sicut_fw-la haud_fw-la haebband_n &_o back_o beirand_a de_fw-fr praxi_fw-la baron_n do_v not_o punish_v slaughter_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o do_v so_o because_o 1._o the_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n will_v import_v the_o power_n of_o judge_a life_n and_o death_n 2._o by_o the_o 77._o cap._n quon_n attach_v omnes_fw-la barrones_n qui_fw-la habent_fw-la furcam_fw-la &_o fossam_fw-la de_fw-la latrocinio_fw-la de_fw-la hominis_fw-la occissione_n habeant_fw-la furcam_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la curiam_fw-la as_o the_o marginal_a note_n bear_v and_o by_o the_o 13._o cap._n leg._n mal._n 2._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o malefactor_n who_o hold_v of_o baron_n may_v be_v condemn_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o other_o malefactor_n be_v except_o in_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o which_o baron_n have_v no_o power_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v very_o clear_o infer_v that_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la other_o crime_n they_o have_v nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la 3._o by_o the_o 91._o act_n parl._n 1_o i._o 2._o it_o be_v statute_n if_o a_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o barony_n if_o the_o baron_n be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n he_o may_v proceed_v as_o the_o sheriff_n do_v and_o albeit_o hope_v in_o his_o large_a practic_n observe_n that_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n if_o he_o be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n may_v receive_v various_a interpretation_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o interpretation_n they_o can_v proper_o receive_v except_o this_o that_o these_o word_n be_v mean_v if_o he_o have_v the_o jurisdiction_n proper_a and_o competent_a to_o a_o baron_n which_o be_v pit_n and_o gallow_n nam_fw-la verba_fw-la generabia_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la sunt_fw-la secundum_fw-la subjectam_fw-la materiam_fw-la albeit_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v one_o of_o the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n yet_o a_o baron_n may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o and_o punish_v the_o raiser_n of_o fire_n rash_o within_o husband_n town_n in_o the_o barony_n i._o 1._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 75._o the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v if_o fire_n happen_v within_o husband_n town_n of_o barony_n we_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o their_o lord_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o bailiff_n in_o town_n do_v within_o burgh_n in_o which_o act_n by_o the_o word_n lord_n be_v mean_v baron_n for_o they_o be_v in_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n call_v lord_n of_o their_o own_o land_n or_o barony_n a_o baron_n may_v unlaw_n for_o absence_n for_o ten_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o and_o for_o blood_n he_o may_v unlaw_n for_o fifty_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o vitle_n fourteen_o of_o justice_n of_o peace_n our_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v call_v irenarchae_fw-la which_o signify_v in_o the_o greek_a the_o keeper_n of_o the_o peace_n irenarchae_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la tutelam_fw-la quietis_fw-la ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la per_fw-la singula_fw-la territoria_fw-la faciunt_fw-la stare_v concordiam_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la etiam_fw-la latrunculatores_fw-la sen_fw-la latronum_fw-la expulsores_fw-la their_o office_n be_v to_o apprehend_v rebel_n and_o thief_n who_o they_o can_v only_o examine_v and_o send_v to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n but_o can_v not_o judge_v they_o themselves_o their_o office_n be_v more_o full_o describe_v lib._n 10._o c._n tit_n 75._o but_o to_o speak_v proper_o latrunculatores_fw-la be_v our_o constable_n call_v by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d justice_n of_o peace_n and_o constable_n be_v once_o full_o settle_v among_o we_o by_o k._n i._n 6._o but_o their_o office_n have_v fall_v in_o desuetude_n it_o be_v revive_v by_o 38._o act_n 1._o parl._n 1_o sess._n k._n ch._n the_o 2._o by_o this_o act_n they_o be_v allow_v to_o meet_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n and_o to_o adjudge_v of_o servant_n fee_n and_o of_o mend_v the_o high_a way_n they_o have_v power_n to_o punish_v the_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v green_a wood_n slayer_n of_o red_a and_o black_a fish_n maker_n of_o moorburn_a keeper_n of_o crooves_n wilful_a beggar_n egyptian_n and_o their_o receptor_n drunkard_n prophaner_n of_o the_o sabbath_n as_o to_o all_o which_o his_o majesty_n promise_v to_o give_v they_o ample_a commission_n and_o to_o the_o end_n their_o power_n may_v not_o prejudge_v any_o other_o court_n former_o erect_v it_o be_v appoint_v by_o that_o act_n that_o fifteen_o day_n shall_v expire_v after_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o committer_n be_v to_o be_v convene_v which_o interval_n be_v give_v to_o the_o judge_n competent_a to_o do_v diligence_n and_o if_o he_o omit_v the_o same_o during_o that_o time_n than_o the_o justice_n may_v judge_v the_o same_o and_o one_o justice_n have_v power_n to_o bind_v the_o party_n complain_v upon_o to_o the_o peace_n under_o such_o pecunial_a sum_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o either_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o complainer_n who_o shall_v give_v his_o oath_n that_o he_o dread_v harm_n or_o the_o justice_n himself_o may_v exact_v the_o sum_n though_o none_o complain_v and_o if_o any_o person_n be_v charge_v to_o make_v his_o appearance_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n shall_v refuse_v it_o he_o be_v a_o land_a man_n who_o rent_n exceed_v a_o thousand_o mark_n or_o ten_o chalder_n of_o victual_n than_o he_o shall_v inform_v any_o of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n or_o if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n he_o may_v cause_n bring_v he_o by_o force_n before_o himself_o if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n condemn_v any_o person_n in_o blood-weit_a or_o any_o other_o pain_n but_o not_o proportional_o to_o the_o offence_n then_o the_o justice_n shall_v inform_v the_o privy_a council_n that_o they_o may_v take_v order_n therewith_o but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o satisfaction_n make_v by_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n to_o the_o party_n the_o justice_n may_v modify_v a_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n do_v by_o collusion_n clear_v the_o delinquent_n of_o a_o assize_n the_o party_n once_o clear_v be_v not_o to_o be_v further_o question_v but_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o all_o riot_n and_o break_v of_o peace_n if_o the_o committeeâ—s_v be_v under_o the_o degree_n of_o nobleman_n prelate_n counsellor_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n who_o may_v refer_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o party_n oath_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o summon_v and_o thereupon_o hold_v he_o as_o confess_v but_o if_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o personal_o execute_v than_o the_o defender_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v of_o new_a at_o his_o dwell_a house_n and_o these_o two_o citation_n at_o his_o dwell_a house_n shall_v be_v equivalent_a to_o one_o that_o be_v personal_a if_o the_o committer_n be_v above_o the_o foresay_a quality_n than_o the_o justice_n though_o they_o can_v judge_v they_o may_v for_o prevent_v of_o riot_n command_v they_o to_o find_v caution_n for_o keep_v of_o the_o peace_n and_o to_o compear_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o though_o they_o compear_v not_o yet_o whatever_o breach_n they_o commit_v in_o the_o interim_n shall_v be_v repute_n as_o great_a a_o contravention_n as_o if_o they_o have_v find_v caution_n at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o quarter_n session_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v to_o send_v to_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o council_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o they_o either_o have_v commit_v or_o have_v under_o surety_n with_o a_o short_a abreviat_fw-la of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o which_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o the_o former_a title_n call_v transmittere_fw-la cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o council_n may_v determine_v betwixt_o and_o the_o quarter_n session_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o
but_o i_o believe_v this_o invasion_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o justice-clerk_n upon_o that_o court_n after_o he_o be_v create_v a_o officer_n of_o state_n but_o to_o solve_v this_o doubt_n my_o lord_n rentoun_n at_o his_o admission_n be_v find_v by_o act_n of_o the_o secret_a council_n to_o be_v a_o member_n and_o one_o of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o to_o have_v a_o vote_n there_o the_o 10._o of_o december_n 1663._o and_o now_o he_o sit_v in_o the_o justice-general_n chair_n when_o he_o be_v absent_a the_o justice_n court_n have_v a_o seal_n which_o they_o append_v to_o public_a act_n and_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o justice-cleâ—k-deput_a this_o deput_n be_v admit_v by_o the_o justice_n clerk_n by_o way_n of_o commission_n give_v he_o power_n to_o be_v clerk_n to_o all_o couâ—ts_n hold_v by_o his_o majesty_n justice-general_a or_o deput_n or_o any_o have_v particular_a commission_n either_o at_o edinburgh_n or_o else_o where_o and_o therefore_o no_o justice_n court_n either_o in_o the_o border_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v lawful_a except_o it_o be_v serve_v either_o by_o the_o justice-clerk-deput_a or_o any_o have_a commission_n from_o he_o it_o seem_v that_o of_o old_a the_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n do_v use_v to_o write_v criminal_a letter_n without_o receive_v caution_n but_o that_o be_v discharge_v by_o the_o 34._o act_n 4._o par._n ja._n 5._o and_o now_o though_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n may_v subscribe_v the_o letter_n yet_o the_o justice-clerk-deput_a can_v only_o write_v the_o deliverance_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o receive_v caution_n and_o therefore_o he_o write_v upon_o the_o bill_n soverty_n be_v find_v and_o subscribe_v the_o famine_n hâ—s_n receive_v caution_n be_v likewise_o warrant_v by_o the_o 78._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o v._o the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o these_o crime_n which_o be_v call_v placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v four_o with_o we_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v ravish_v of_o woman_n murder_n and_o robbery_n or_o reif_n l._n malcol_n 2._o cap._n 13._o and_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o belong_v not_o to_o burgh_n leg_n burg_n c._n 6._o nor_o to_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n quon_n attach_v c._n 76._o leguntur_fw-la st._n alex._n c._n 14._o faemina_fw-la efforciata_fw-la arsione_n rapina_fw-la &_o murdrum_fw-la molineus_n in_o stil._n cur_n paris_n part_n 1._o c._n 13._o observe_n that_o in_o france_n three_o crime_n belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o high_a justice_n wilful_a fire_n ravish_v of_o woman_n and_o murder_n nor_o can_v any_o other_o judge_n proceed_v to_o judge_v these_o crime_n except_o they_o be_v particular_o warrant_v by_o a_o gift_n from_o his_o majesty_n to_o that_o effect_n skeen_n verb._n murder_n vi_o the_o justice_n court_n have_v its_o macer_n in_o which_o they_o be_v not_o stent_v to_o a_o particular_a number_n and_o though_o of_o old_a among_o the_o roman_n a_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v his_o private_a authority_n and_o force_n draw_v the_o defender_n before_o the_o judge_n in_o jus_o rapere_fw-la in_o jus_o trahi_fw-la which_o they_o borrow_v from_o the_o grecian_n as_o they_o do_v most_o of_o their_o law_n for_o demosthenes_n their_o great_a lawyer_n tell_v we_o in_o orat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n yet_o ordinary_o even_o the_o grecian_n have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o apparitor_n as_o the_o roman_n call_v they_o who_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o macer_n qui_fw-la volentes_fw-la vocabant_fw-la recusantes_fw-la urgebant_fw-la the_o mace_n use_v by_o these_o with_o we_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n be_v a_o iron_n rod_n which_o be_v the_o symbol_n of_o power_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o verse_n 2._o ps._n the_o coroner_n be_v a_o officer_n who_o take_v inquisition_n of_o murder_n in_o corona_fw-la populi_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o ednam_n be_v the_o heritable_a coroner_n in_o scotland_n but_o this_o office_n be_v absolet_n now_o except_o at_o justice_n air_n where_o the_o coroner_n yet_o present_v all_o malefactor_n and_o take_v they_o to_o and_o from_o prison_n title_n xvi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n over_o soldier_n and_o of_o militiary_a crime_n 1._o when_o be_v the_o justices-iudge_n to_o soldier_n 2._o a_o debate_n concern_v free_a quarter_n 3._o haddo_n case_n 4._o sometime_o commission_n be_v grant_v for_o try_v soldier_n 5._o how_o deserter_n be_v punish_v 6._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o soldier_n among_o the_o roman_n i._o albeit_o soldier_n shall_v be_v try_v by_o a_o court_n martial_a for_o crime_n commit_v by_o they_o in_o a_o military_a capacity_n as_o desert_v their_o colour_n resi_v their_o officer_n etc._n etc._n yet_o when_o they_o commâ—t_v other_o crime_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o trial_n before_o the_o criminal_a court._n for_o as_o voet._n observe_v delicta_fw-la militum_fw-la sunt_fw-la vel_fw-la communia_fw-la vel_fw-la propria_fw-la lib._n 2._o de_fw-la remilit_fw-la and_o thus_o french_a and_o two_o other_o soulâ—iers_n under_o morgan_n in_o the_o english_a garrison_n of_o leith_n be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n for_o kill_v a_o burgess_n of_o edinburgh_n albeit_o morgan_n offer_v to_o repledge_v they_o january_n 1662._o and_o yet_o in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o the_o justice_n will_v not_o proceed_v against_o some_o gentleman_n for_o the_o slaughter_n because_o they_o be_v both_o soldier_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o crime_n shall_v have_v be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n see_v the_o crime_n and_o not_o the_o person_n determine_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o their_o crime_n be_v only_o a_o combat_n which_o be_v no_o specific_a crime_n to_o soldier_n and_o this_o be_v conform_v to_o a_o decision_n novemb_n 1627._o where_o captain_n bruce_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a captain_n hamiltoun_n do_v petition_v the_o council_n show_v they_o that_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v in_o flanders_n and_o that_o he_o be_v assoâ—lzied_v therefra_fw-la by_o a_o council_n of_o war_n upon_o which_o probation_n the_o council_n command_v the_o justice_n to_o desist_v but_o sir_n william_n bellenden_n be_v challenge_v before_o the_o council_n for_o many_o riot_n and_o crime_n commit_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o west_n they_o will_v not_o remit_v he_o to_o a_o council_n of_o war_n albeit_o that_o declinator_fw-la be_v propon_v august_n 1667._o and_o militia_n soldier_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n for_o murder_n commit_v by_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o other_o officer_n command_n the_o 3._o of_o february_n 1674._o ii_o the_o most_o considerable_a military_a question_n which_o i_o remember_v in_o all_o the_o adjournal_n book_n be_v first_o that_o which_o be_v debate_v 5._o decemb._n 1666._o the_o case_n whereof_o be_v some_o west_n country_n man_n have_v form_v themselves_o in_o a_o army_n and_o be_v declare_v traitor_n by_o the_o council_n and_o be_v thereafter_o beat_v at_o pentland_n hill_n captain_n arnot_n major_a mackulloch_n and_o other_o be_v take_v by_o some_o of_o his_o majesty_n inferior_a officer_n upon_o quarter_n but_o be_v pannel_v before_o the_o justice_n as_o traitor_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o they_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n before_o the_o justice_n because_o they_o have_v be_v model_v in_o a_o army_n and_o take_v in_o the_o field_n fight_v as_o soldier_n they_o behove_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o military_a law_n and_o by_o that_o law_n such_o as_o get_v quarter_n in_o the_o field_n be_v by_o that_o quarter_n secure_v therein_o for_o their_o life_n and_o can_v be_v hereafter_o quarrel_v to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o quarter_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o bellum_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v not_o the_o number_n nor_o form_n of_o the_o army_n but_o the_o cause_n that_o make_v bellum_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o public_a insurrection_n of_o subject_n against_o their_o prince_n be_v rather_o sedition_n then_o bellum_fw-la and_o these_o insurrection_n be_v treason_n none_o can_v remit_v treason_n but_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o quarter_n can_v not_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o remission_n but_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o quarter_n in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o secure_v these_o who_o get_v the_o same_o from_o present_a death_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o who_o get_v quarter_n from_o any_o who_o be_v authorize_v to_o be_v soldier_n be_v by_o that_o quarter_n against_o that_o authority_n from_o who_o these_o soldier_n derive_v their_o power_n and_o these_o who_o get_v the_o quarter_n be_v not_o to_o dispute_v whether_o these_o soldier_n have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n to_o give_v quarter_n or_o whether_o bellum_fw-la be_v justum_fw-la or_o injustum_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o destroy_v quarter_n in_o all_o case_n and_o to_o make_v all_o such_o as_o take_v up_o arm_n to_o be_v desperate_a and_o irreclaimable_a
and_o the_o power_n of_o give_v of_o quarter_n be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o all_o soldier_n as_o such_o and_o as_o the_o council_n without_o express_a remission_n from_o the_o king_n upon_o submission_n may_v have_v secure_v their_o life_n so_o may_v soldier_n by_o quarter_n for_o they_o have_v as_o much_o power_n in_o the_o field_n as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o council_n table_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o quarter_n shall_v be_v keep_v though_o give_v to_o subject_n who_o be_v rebel_n grotius_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 19_o where_o after_o he_o have_v full_o treat_v that_o question_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la servanda_fw-la conclude_v that_o side_n data_fw-la etiam_fw-la persidis_fw-la &_o rebellibus_fw-la subditis_fw-la est_fw-la servanda_fw-la and_o this_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o holland_n and_o france_n and_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o father_n at_o home_n during_o the_o late_a trouble_n 3._o quarâ—er_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v keep_v for_o these_o who_o be_v take_v may_v have_v kill_v his_o majesty_n general_n or_o officer_n and_o by_o give_v quarter_n to_o his_o enemy_n he_o redeem_v his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o only_a effect_n of_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o a_o public_a trial_n none_o will_v accept_v quarter_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o reply_n the_o defence_n be_v repel_v and_o the_o panel_n condemn_v and_o thereafter_o execute_v the_o second_o question_n be_v that_o which_o be_v debate_v in_o haddo_n case_n 16._o march_n 1642._o at_o which_o time_n that_o loyal_a gentleman_n haddo_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v mr._n james_n stalker_n servitor_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o allege_v that_o the_o say_v mr._n james_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o open_a field_n in_o a_o conflict_n betwixt_o the_o convenanters_n and_o ante-covenanters_n all_o which_o act_v of_o ostility_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o pacification_n to_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v reply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v only_o secure_a against_o act_n of_o hostility_n which_o be_v do_v in_o furore_fw-la belli_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n for_o the_o say_a mr._n james_n have_v be_v take_v a_o prisoner_n haddo_n do_v come_v up_o to_o he_o and_o ask_v who_o servant_n he_o be_v and_o hear_v that_o he_o be_v servant_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o say_v your_o master_n man_n be_v the_o person_n that_o i_o be_o seek_v and_o thereupon_o order_v to_o kill_v he_o which_o be_v according_o do_v by_o which_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n do_v in_o cold_a blood_n and_o upon_o premeditat_fw-la malice_n and_o mr._n james_n stalker_n be_v a_o prisoner_n any_o who_o kill_v he_o be_v liable_a for_o his_o murder_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o the_o pacification_n can_v no_o more_o defend_v the_o committer_n then_o if_o he_o have_v go_v into_o a_o prison_n and_o kill_v a_o prisoner_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o rapt_v upon_o a_o woman_n likea_n murderer_n be_v express_o except_v from_o the_o pacification_n 2._o haddo_n be_v no_o general_a person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v order_n for_o his_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v secure_a against_o all_o deed_n whatsoever_o do_v upon_o the_o field_n by_o person_n engage_v in_o either_o party_n without_o debate_v whether_o the_o deed_n be_v lawful_o or_o unlawful_o do_v and_o the_o occasion_n and_o not_o the_o manner_n of_o kill_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n james_n have_v never_o get_v any_o quarter_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n whether_o general_a person_n or_o other_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o say_a haddo_n do_v command_v that_o party_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o his_o be_v a_o general_a person_n and_o albeit_o the_o pacification_n do_v express_o except_o murder_n yet_o that_o behove_v only_o to_o be_v interpret_v of_o such_o murder_n as_o have_v no_o contingency_n with_o the_o trouble_n nor_o be_v occasion_v by_o they_o this_o debate_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n execute_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o anno_fw-la 1644._o to_o two_o baily_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o sit_v and_o hold_v justice_n court_n upon_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v runaway_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o commission_n james_n french_a be_v condemn_v by_o they_o for_o run_v away_o from_o his_o colour_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o and_o be_v hang_v according_o from_o which_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v 1._o that_o the_o justice_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n that_o be_v mere_o military_a 2._o that_o we_o have_v no_o stand_a law_n for_o execute_v runaway_n beside_o the_o martial_a law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o law_n found_v upon_o this_o indictment_n except_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o which_o be_v now_o abrogat_fw-la 3._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o one_o mr._n alexander_n henderson_n as_o procurator_n fiscal_n and_o not_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v here_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o which_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o this_o process_n shall_v have_v be_v insert_v in_o the_o adjournal_n book_n iu._n but_o albeit_o deserter_n be_v here_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o regulariter_fw-la milites_fw-la gregarij_fw-la or_o list_a soldier_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n with_o degredation_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n with_o death_n because_o the_o hazard_n be_v then_o great_a l._n 5._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la and_o by_o that_o law_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o man_n lib._n 2._o cod._n quando_fw-la liciat_a unic_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o arbitrary_a kill_n be_v not_o now_o in_o use_n as_o voet_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr militat_fw-la very_o well_o observe_v if_o superior_a officer_n leave_v their_o charge_n they_o commit_v treason_n l._n 2._o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a maje_v vid._n tit_n treason_n v._o constantine_n have_v extinguish_v the_o office_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o military_a case_n the_o magistri_fw-la militum_fw-la succeed_v and_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v by_o soldier_n both_o in_o civil_a and_o in_o military_a case_n and_o if_o soldier_n have_v offend_v the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v have_v secure_v but_o he_o be_v obledge_v to_o remit_v they_o cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o their_o own_o officer_n l._n 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr custod_n reor_fw-la vid._n tit_n c._n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la title_n xvii_o advocation_n of_o criminal_a cause_n 1._o advocation_n define_v 2._o no_o advocation_n from_o the_o justice_n 3._o how_o advocation_n be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o form_n thereto_o relate_v 4._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n examine_v 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n be_v proper_a judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n i._o advocation_n be_v the_o away_o call_v of_o a_o intend_a cause_n or_o pursuit_n from_o a_o inferior_a incompetent_a judicatory_a to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o competent_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o we_o that_o recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la be_v with_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v advocatio_fw-la or_o evocatio_fw-la which_o be_v by_o they_o define_v to_o be_v litis_fw-la pendentis_fw-la coram_fw-la inferiore_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la absque_fw-la provocatione_n facta_fw-la translatio_fw-la gail_n lib._n 1._o ob_n 41_o num_fw-la 7._o and_o be_v found_v upon_o cap._n ut_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la appell_n &_o l._n jud_v solvitur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi jud_v ii_o their_a be_v no_o advocation_n raise_v of_o pursuit_n intent_a before_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o design_n of_o stop_v a_o pursuit_n depend_v before_o they_o there_o use_v to_o be_v a_o petition_n give_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a council_n who_o if_o they_o find_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o petition_n just_a will_v ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o stop_v all_o further_a procedor_fw-la or_o will_v remit_v the_o inquiry_n to_o any_o other_o court_n as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o pursuit_n intent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n against_o some_o vassal_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n which_o they_o stop_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n himself_o and_o ordain_v his_o vassal_n to_o be_v pursue_v before_o his_o own_o regality_n court_n sometime_o also_o they_o ordain_v assessor_n to_o be_v justice_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o cause_n formal_o advocate_n from_o before_o the_o justice_n
person_n without_o a_o accuser_n for_o inquisition_n be_v by_o that_o law_n a_o extraordinar_a remedy_n and_o no_o recourse_n can_v be_v have_v to_o a_o extraordinar_a remedy_n till_o accusation_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a remedy_n be_v first_o try_v but_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n inquisition_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v a_o ordinary_a remedy_n and_o all_o the_o doctor_n conclude_v that_o general_o a_o judge_n may_v now_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n inquire_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la in_o all_o crime_n farin_n de_fw-fr inquisit_a quest_n 1._o num_fw-la 10._o which_o be_v consonant_n to_o our_o law_n by_o which_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n may_v inquire_v into_o all_o crime_n without_o wait_v for_o a_o accuser_n which_o be_v do_v with_o we_o without_o citation_n of_o the_o party_n or_o other_o formality_n but_o nothing_o can_v follow_v till_o after_o information_n be_v take_v a_o enditement_n or_o summon_v be_v raise_v which_o be_v follow_v according_a to_o the_o ordinar_n rule_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o the_o judge_n shall_v not_o inquire_v or_o take_v any_o previous_a trial_n even_o in_o our_o law_n where_o a_o accuser_n offer_v to_o insist_v except_o he_o have_v just_a reason_n to_o fear_v collusion_n for_o non_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la extraordinarium_fw-la remedium_fw-la dum_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la ordinario_fw-la and_o albeit_o inquisition_n be_v declare_v by_o the_o doctor_n to_o be_v a_o ordinary_a remedy_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o declare_v so_o to_o the_o effect_n that_o a_o judge_n may_v inquire_v without_o any_o accuser_n and_o that_o the_o inquisition_n so_o take_v be_v not_o ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la null_n but_o natural_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o pursue_v the_o private_a wrong_n do_v to_o himself_o which_o may_v be_v prejudge_v either_o by_o the_o want_n of_o information_n or_o zeal_n of_o the_o judge_n ordinar_n and_o sometime_o by_o collusion_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v see_v many_o decreet_n of_o inferior_a court_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v by_o collusion_n fine_v at_o the_o procurator-fiskals_a instance_n reduce_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o not_o sustain_v by_o the_o council_n when_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o party_n wrong_v appear_v and_o offer_v to_o pursue_v but_o be_v not_o admit_v and_o albeit_o because_o of_o the_o wrong_n which_o be_v do_v to_o the_o public_a a_o judge_n may_v likewise_o inquire_v yet_o he_o who_o be_v principal_o wrong_v shall_v be_v allow_v to_o be_v chief_a in_o the_o prosecution_n and_o therefore_o albeit_o the_o council_n may_v in_o public_a crime_n where_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o country_n be_v chief_o concern_v take_v precognition_n of_o it_o and_o stop_v accusation_n raise_v before_o the_o justice_n at_o a_o private_a party_n instance_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o stranaver_n man_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n and_o other_o for_o fire_n raise_v and_o depredation_n in_o august_n 1668._o yet_o they_o refuse_v to_o stop_v accusation_n and_o will_v not_o grant_v precognition_n in_o private_a murder_n or_o such_o like_a crime_n where_o private_a person_n be_v principal_o wrong_v except_o the_o rigour_n of_o law_n require_v some_o abatement_n ii_o it_o appear_v also_o that_o pursuit_n at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n be_v only_a subsidiary_n ja._n 1._o par._n 13._o cap._n 140._o by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o crime_n may_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o king_n majesty_n instance_n if_o no_o private_a follower_n appear_v and_o ja._n 6._o parl_n 11._o cap._n 76._o where_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o advocate_n may_v pursue_v private_a crime_n although_o the_o party_n be_v silent_a or_o will_v agree_v from_o which_o act_n two_o thing_n may_v be_v conclude_v 1._o that_o of_o old_a it_o be_v doubt_v if_o the_o king_n can_v pursue_v private_a crime_n without_o a_o accuser_n 2._o that_o pursuit_n at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n for_o private_a crime_n be_v yet_o only_o subsidiary_a and_o allowable_a if_o party_n be_v silent_a or_o collude_v which_o distinction_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n solve_v that_o great_a debate_n among_o the_o doctor_n utrum_fw-la accusatio_fw-la cessare_fw-la facit_fw-la inquisitionem_fw-la nota_fw-la that_o albeit_o by_o the_o say_a act_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o advocate_n may_v pursue_v without_o concourse_n of_o the_o party_n yet_o de_fw-la practicae_fw-la the_o pursuit_n be_v only_o raise_v at_o the_o advocat_n instance_n and_o so_o the_o particle_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v disjunctive_a as_o and_o be_v very_o oft_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o a_o pursuit_n at_o the_o thesaurers_n instance_n will_v be_v sustain_v without_o concourse_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n if_o the_o advocate_n shall_v refuse_v his_o concourse_n iii_o the_o doctor_n conclude_v that_o a_o judge_n can_v inquire_v summary_o &_o necesse_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la vel_fw-la indicia_fw-la vel_fw-la delator_n vel_fw-la diffamatio_fw-la à periant_n viam_fw-la inquisitioni_fw-la for_o else_o every_o judge_n may_v diffame_v the_o best_a and_o most_o innocent_a man_n at_o their_o pleasure_n so_o that_o if_o a_o judge_n have_v not_o some_o rise_n for_o his_o inquiry_n i_o real_o believe_v he_o be_v punishable_a in_o our_o law_n for_o put_v a_o person_n to_o inquisition_n for_o a_o crime_n &_o sindicandus_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o the_o malice_n of_o the_o judge_n must_v be_v very_o clear_o prove_v in_o that_o case_n of_o old_a judge_n do_v appoint_v delator_n who_o may_v inform_v denunciatores_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la but_o of_o late_a this_o employment_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o fisk_n &_o ejus_fw-la sindicis_fw-la and_o by_o our_o law_n to_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n in_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o to_o the_o fiskal_n in_o inferior_a court_n and_o they_o may_v pursue_v or_o inform_v in_o inquisition_n sine_fw-la paena_fw-la calumniae_fw-la quia_fw-la cessat_fw-la in_o iis_fw-la suspicio_fw-la calumniae_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la denunciant_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la by_o the_o 13._o act_n 10._o par_fw-fr ja._n 6._o charge_n super_fw-la inquirendis_fw-la be_v discharge_v but_o it_o be_v a_o mistake_n to_o think_v that_o by_o that_o act_n the_o king_n or_o other_o judge_n can_v examine_v man_n without_o a_o formal_a process_n for_o the_o design_n of_o that_o act_n be_v only_o to_o discharge_v the_o denounce_v man_n rebel_n upon_o such_o charge_n without_o previous_a trial_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o chief_a officer_n of_o state_n or_o at_o least_o four_o of_o they_o concur_v it_o will_v seem_v that_o by_o that_o act_n even_o such_o charge_n be_v yet_o lawful_a and_o where_o the_o king_n or_o magistrate_n have_v previous_a information_n of_o crime_n latent_fw-la it_o be_v against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o clear_v themselves_o of_o these_o by_o particular_a interrogator_n title_n xix_o of_o accusation_n and_o accuser_n 1._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o accusation_n by_o way_n of_o summons_n and_o a_o indictment_n 2._o who_o may_v accuse_v by_o our_o law_n 3._o a_o minor_a can_v pursue_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o tutor_n and_o curator_n 4._o in_o what_o case_n a_o woman_n may_v pursue_v 5._o whether_o a_o person_n excommunicate_v or_o at_o the_o horn_n may_v pursue_v 6._o infamous_a person_n can_v pursue_v and_o who_o be_v such_o 7._o whether_o more_o crime_n may_v be_v pursue_v at_o once_o 8._o the_o pursuer_fw-mi must_v find_v caution_n and_o be_v punish_v if_o he_o be_v calumnious_a 9_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi must_v aliment_v i._o after_o inquisition_n be_v take_v which_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o be_v still_o arbitrary_a with_o we_o the_o party_n be_v either_o imprison_v and_o then_o he_o be_v proceed_v against_o by_o way_n of_o inditment_n or_o he_o be_v still_o at_o liberty_n and_o then_o he_o be_v proceed_v against_o by_o a_o formal_a summons_n indictment_n come_v from_o the_o french_a enditer_n defer_v nomen_fw-la alicujus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o differ_v from_o accusation_n in_o that_o a_o indictment_n must_v be_v always_o at_o the_o king_n instance_n and_o be_v but_o a_o bill_n and_o the_o preferrer_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v no_o way_n tie_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o upon_o any_o penalty_n except_o there_o be_v conspiracy_n vid._n blunt._n dict_z angl._n verb._n enditement_n but_o a_o enditement_n with_o we_o be_v a_o schedule_n contain_v the_o accusation_n give_v to_o the_o defender_n so_o call_v as_o skeen_n say_v from_o the_o french_a word_n dict_z tu_fw-la what_o say_v thou_o for_o alter_v the_o indictment_n be_v read_v the_o judge_n ask_v the_o panel_n what_o he_o can_v answer_v to_o it_o and_o it_o differ_v only_o from_o a_o libel_v summons_n in_o that_o it_o begin_v thus_o a._n b._n you_o be_v indict_v and_o accuse_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o law_n etc._n etc._n yet_o you_o etc._n etc._n or_o
less_o shall_v he_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v allow_v to_o examine_v the_o witness_n since_o that_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o the_o advocat_n for_o the_o defender_n advocat_n with_o we_o in_o criminal_n be_v call_v prolocutor_n 3._o no_o person_n shall_v â—lead_v or_o consult_v in_o reduction_n of_o forefaulter_n without_o leave_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n act_n 135._o ja._n 6._o parl._n 8._o but_o in_o other_o pursuit_n of_o treason_n no_o advocate_n be_v obliedge_v to_o crave_v a_o licence_n and_o even_o the_o foresay_a act_n be_v abrogate_a act_n 38._o parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o which_o grant_v only_a liberty_n to_o plead_v in_o all_o treason_n pursue_v before_o the_o parliament_n but_o by_o the_o 90._o act._n parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o advocat_n be_v allow_v before_o all_o court_n to_o plead_v without_o licence_n and_o power_n be_v grant_v to_o judge_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o plead_v in_o such_o case_n and_o the_o former_a restriction_n have_v be_v found_v upon_o c._n falicis_fw-la de_fw-la paenit_fw-la in_o 6._o where_o to_o plead_v for_o traitor_n be_v discharge_v nisi_fw-la concedatur_fw-la licentia_fw-la when_o advocats-assist_a panel_n especial_o in_o treason_n they_o use_v to_o protest_v that_o no_o escape_n of_o they_o in_o plead_v may_v be_v misconstruct_v since_o what_o they_o say_v be_v rather_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la then_o ex_fw-la proprio_fw-la motu_fw-la as_o we_o see_v in_o balmerinochs_n case_n and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v severe_a in_o such_o case_n to_o advocat_n since_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o much_o freedom_n and_o be_v oftentimes_o transport_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o opposition_n and_o zeal_n to_o there_o client_n nor_o will_v man_n have_v any_o to_o engage_v in_o their_o defence_n against_o such_o pursuit_n if_o this_o liberty_n be_v not_o allow_v and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n not_o to_o allow_v it_o where_o they_o be_v force_v to_o plead_v as_o they_o ordinary_o be_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o advocate_n will_v defend_v his_o own_o escape_n against_o authority_n he_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o deprivation_n but_o his_o punishment_n extend_v no_o further_o even_o where_o he_o speak_v treason_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o senate_n of_o savoy_n cod._n fabr_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la defin_n 19_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n be_v admit_v for_o the_o defender_n where_o the_o pain_n to_o be_v inflict_v be_v not_o corporal_a for_o the_o reason_n why_o personal_a presence_n be_v requisite_a viz._n that_o the_o defender_n may_v undergo_v what_o be_v inflict_v do_v here_o cease_v and_o yet_o with_o we_o the_o defender_n must_v still_o be_v present_a even_o where_o the_o pain_n to_o be_v inflict_v be_v pecuniary_a such_o as_o in_o cut_v of_o green_a wood_n steal_v of_o bee_n etc._n etc._n because_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o letter_n with_o we_o be_v still_o to_o compear_v to_o under_o the_o law_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o rebellion_n and_o have_v not_o those_o word_n adjoin_v or_o to_o show_v a_o reasonable_a cause_n which_o be_v add_v in_o summons_n for_o civil_a cause_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o the_o constitute_v a_o procurator_n nobleman_n likewise_o may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n compear_v by_o their_o procurator_n but_o this_o be_v not_o allow_v with_o we_o procurators_n may_v likewise_o by_o that_o law_n be_v admit_v to_o propon_n the_o incompetency_n of_o the_o judge_n even_o in_o the_o case_n where_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n appoint_v the_o defender_n to_o compear_v personal_o which_o shall_v much_o more_o be_v allow_v with_o we_o where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o statute_n but_o where_o this_o necessity_n be_v impose_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o letter_n boss._n tit_n a_o incrimin_n num_fw-la 13.14_o faâ—in_n de_fw-fr var._n quest_n 99_o num_fw-la 168._o and_o yet_o i_o have_v see_v those_o who_o kill_v armstrong_n the_o customer_n outlaw_v july_n 1668._o albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v they_o dwell_v within_o the_o regality_n of_o annandale_n and_o so_o they_o shall_v be_v repledged_a which_o be_v repel_v because_o they_o be_v not_o present_a yet_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v because_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o the_o replegiation_n be_v a_o privilege_n with_o which_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n may_v have_v dispense_v and_o so_o be_v competent_a only_o to_o he_o and_o to_o the_o defender_n who_o shall_v have_v compear_v in_o omnem_fw-la eventum_fw-la procurator_n be_v also_o allow_v to_o propone_v excuse_n for_o absent_v etc._n etc._n sine_fw-la mandato_fw-la si_fw-la excusationes_fw-la illa_fw-la sunt_fw-la facti_fw-la &_o necessariae_fw-la as_o be_v sickness_n imprisonment_n etc._n etc._n sed_fw-la ad_fw-la allegandum_fw-la causas_fw-la probabiles_fw-la &_o necessarias_fw-la absentiae_fw-la such_o as_o the_o want_n of_o a_o safe_a conduct_n requiritur_fw-la mandatum_fw-la quia_fw-la absens_fw-la iis_fw-la renunciare_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la de_fw-fr ipsius_fw-la voluntate_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la mandatum_fw-la which_o distinction_n i_o think_v unnecessar_n because_o it_o be_v always_o presume_v that_o the_o defender_n will_v willing_o have_v himself_o defend_v and_o with_o we_o a_o mandate_n be_v not_o necessary_a if_o a_o advocate_n be_v employ_v for_o his_o gown_n be_v his_o warrant_n and_o where_o a_o advocate_n be_v employ_v i_o think_v the_o cautioner_n may_v be_v admit_v albeit_o he_o have_v no_o warrant_n quia_fw-la qui_fw-la satisdat_fw-la dicitur_fw-la habere_fw-la mandatum_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la farin_fw-mi ibid._n part_n 2._o num_fw-la 283._o and_o the_o cautioner_n defend_v himself_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la see_v if_o the_o reason_n of_o absence_n or_o essoinzie_n as_o we_o call_v it_o be_v find_v relevant_a he_o will_v not_o be_v unlaw_v and_o where_o a_o mandate_n be_v necessary_a with_o we_o which_o be_v where_o a_o advocate_n be_v not_o employ_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o mandate_n be_v sufficient_a if_o subscribe_v only_o by_o one_o nottar_n where_o the_o party_n can_v write_v which_o though_o it_o be_v ordinary_o sustain_v yet_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o two_o for_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n require_v two_o nottar_n and_o four_o witness_n in_o all_o case_n of_o great_a importance_n yet_o see_v quaelibet_fw-la levis_fw-la probatio_fw-la absentiae_fw-la sufficit_fw-la it_o will_v appear_v that_o quodlibet_fw-la mandatum_fw-la hic_fw-la sufficiat_fw-la iv._o albeit_o where_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v a_o private_a person_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o swear_v the_o libel_n yet_o where_o the_o king_n advocate_n pursue_v he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o swear_v the_o verity_n of_o the_o dittay_n because_o he_o pursue_v only_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la but_o i_o find_v in_o the_o same_o decision_n that_o the_o advocate_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o depone_v whether_o the_o party_n have_v give_v partial_a counsel_n the_o 10._o of_o august_n 1598._o advocatus_fw-la contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o dalgety_n nor_o yet_o to_o declare_v who_o be_v his_o informer_n the_o 20._o of_o april_n 1599_o advocatus_fw-la contra_fw-la john_n connel_n and_o other_o but_o this_o seem_v unreasonable_a see_v the_o defender_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o intent_a of_o a_o pursuit_n at_o the_o advocat_n instance_n and_o jure_fw-la naturali_fw-la the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o informer_n which_o be_v all_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o witness_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v know_v who_o be_v pursuer_fw-mi without_o the_o advocate_n declare_v it_o be_v also_o a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o unjust_a pursuit_n that_o any_o person_n may_v inform_v at_o random_n without_o be_v know_v and_o the_o informer_n be_v liable_a in_o damnage_n and_o interest_n if_o he_o inform_v without_o any_o ground_n even_o though_o the_o pursuit_n be_v only_o raise_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n act_n 78._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 6._o but_o if_o the_o advocate_n may_v conceal_v lawful_o the_o informer_n name_n than_o the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v from_o all_o these_o just_a advantage_n this_o privilege_n of_o the_o advocat_n not_o swear_v the_o libel_n seem_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n who_o contend_v that_o procurator_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la prestare_fw-la juramentum_fw-la calumniae_fw-la gail_n ob_n lib._n 1._o obser_n 88_o title_n xxi_o of_o libel_n and_o the_o form_n of_o process_n thereto_o relate_v 1._o a_o libel_n be_v a_o sylogism_n 2._o it_o ought_v to_o condescend_v upon_o time_n and_o place_n 3._o whether_o the_o quality_n libel_v may_v be_v pass_v from_o 4._o the_o stile_n of_o a_o criminal_a summons_n and_o indictment_n 5._o how_o a_o criminal_a summons_n ought_v to_o be_v execute_v 6._o whether_o a_o person_n who_o be_v banish_v may_v safe_o appear_v before_o the_o day_n in_o the_o citation_n 7._o how_o criminal_a action_n be_v to_o be_v call_v and_o the_o form_n thereto_o relate_v i._o a_o libel_n
law_n and_o a_o principle_n in_o reason_n that_o quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concessa_fw-la videntur_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la fieri_fw-la nequit_fw-la and_o though_o where_o a_o party_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n and_o confess_v the_o judge_n ought_v to_o do_v present_a justice_n upon_o he_o yet_o that_o be_v only_o introduce_v to_o make_v judge_n diligent_a but_o not_o at_o all_o to_o preclude_v poor_a panel_n from_o their_o just_a defence_n and_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o inhuman_a and_o unwarrantable_a if_o a_o poor_a panel_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n but_o can_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o kill_v in_o self-defence_n or_o if_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o aggressor_n that_o in_o either_o of_o these_o or_o such_o like_a case_n he_o can_v not_o have_v time_n to_o cite_v witness_n for_o that_o effect_n vi_o whether_o a_o person_n who_o be_v cite_v to_o compear_v in_o a_o criminal_a court_n as_o defender_n at_o a_o particular_a day_n express_v in_o the_o summons_n may_v not_o before_o that_o day_n appear_v in_o edinburgh_n though_o he_o be_v banish_v be_v doubt_v in_o the_o action_n pursue_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n against_o several_a gentleman_n in_o anno_fw-la 1674._o and_o that_o they_o may_v come_v to_o edinburgh_n be_v allow_v because_o be_v cite_v they_o be_v command_v to_o come_v 2._o their_o come_n to_o town_n be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o their_o defence_n and_o thus_o when_o man_n be_v indict_v they_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o a_o free_a prison_n though_o till_o then_o they_o be_v order_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o close_a prison_n and_o yet_o some_o thought_n that_o this_o may_v be_v doubt_v since_o they_o be_v once_o formal_o banish_v and_o so_o the_o banishment_n shall_v be_v formal_o take_v off_o and_o the_o raise_n of_o a_o dittay_n be_v no_o discharge_n of_o the_o banishment_n for_o else_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v discharge_v banishment_n when_o he_o please_v and_o inditement_n bear_v not_o to_o appear_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n but_o at_o such_o a_o day_n 2._o when_o man_n be_v under_o caption_n they_o may_v be_v take_v if_o they_o appear_v before_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o protection_n which_o show_v that_o a_o mere_a citation_n do_v not_o take_v off_o the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v liable_a 3._o protection_n be_v needless_a if_o this_o be_v allow_v for_o the_o citation_n will_v be_v a_o protection_n and_o yet_o protection_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o defender_n in_o such_o case_n as_o also_o it_o be_v doubt_v there_o if_o such_o as_o be_v cite_v upon_o sixty_o day_n may_v compear_v with_o other_o of_o their_o complice_n who_o be_v cite_v upon_o six_o day_n for_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o the_o appear_v upon_o sixty_o day_n be_v introduce_v in_o the_o defender_n favour_n and_o so_o he_o may_v renounce_v it_o and_o possible_o he_o can_v compear_v at_o the_o long_a diet_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v choose_v his_o own_o diet_n and_o it_o may_v be_v his_o true_a interest_n sometime_o to_o divide_v the_o defender_n and_o sometime_o his_o probation_n can_v be_v soon_o ready_a when_o there_o be_v more_o pursuer_n each_o libel_v a_o distinct_a interest_n as_o three_o brother_n pursue_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o their_o decease_a brother_n though_o they_o be_v all_o three_o kill_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o in_o the_o same_o action_n it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o two_o of_o the_o pursuer_n be_v absent_a the_o three_o can_v not_o insist_v and_o so_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v upon_o pretext_n that_o the_o libel_n be_v complext_v but_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o interest_n there_o be_v very_o distinct_a though_o in_o the_o same_o libel_n and_o that_o though_o they_o have_v be_v all_o joint_a pursuer_n yet_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o rest_n shall_v not_o prejudge_v any_o one_o who_o have_v a_o sufficient_a interest_n per_fw-la se._n vii_o when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n come_v which_o be_v peremptor_n and_o not_o with_o continuation_n of_o day_n by_o the_o act_n i._n 6._o the_o justice-clerk_n call_v the_o summons_n and_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v present_a and_o the_o defender_n be_v absent_a he_o be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o his_o cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v but_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o present_a than_o the_o clerk_n call_v upon_o the_o act_n for_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o the_o cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v for_o not_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o in_o either_o case_n a_o act_n be_v extract_v and_o if_o both_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o defender_n be_v absent_a the_o pursuer_n cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v for_o not_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v outlaw_v and_o his_o cautioner_n be_v likewise_o unlaw_v for_o not_o present_v he_o but_o if_o either_o or_o both_o compear_n the_o cautioner_n take_v instrument_n upon_o their_o report_n the_o letter_n if_o the_o defender_n cautioner_n present_v he_o at_o the_o day_n but_o if_o the_o judge_n be_v absent_a or_o the_o day_n feriat_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o public_a fast_o than_o i_o think_v the_o cautioner_n be_v not_o free_a but_o he_o shall_v present_v he_o at_o a_o day_n wherein_o he_o may_v be_v pursue_v for_o his_o obligation_n must_v be_v interpret_v to_o be_v cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la especial_o if_o the_o panel_n will_v have_v be_v imprison_v if_o he_o have_v not_o find_v that_o person_n cautioner_n upon_o their_o present_v the_o panel_n than_o the_o defender_n enter_v upon_o panel_n and_o the_o clerk_n mark_n curia_fw-la affirmata_fw-la die_fw-la mensis_fw-la per_fw-la and_o mark_n such_o a_o man_n enter_v upon_o the_o panel_n such_o a_o day_n accuse_v for_o the_o crime_n etc._n etc._n and_o mark_n who_o be_v pursuer_n and_o who_o be_v prolocutor_n in_o defence_n and_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v and_o the_o justice_n ask_v whether_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a or_o not_o which_o be_v conform_v to_o l._n 3._o ff_n quam_fw-la aniss_fw-la non_fw-la possint_fw-la &_o l._n &_o adulteram_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a de_fw-fr adult_n and_o the_o advocat_n for_o the_o defender_n dictat_fw-la both_o the_o dilator_n and_o peremptor_n defence_n as_o the_o advocat_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v his_o repley_n and_o triply_n which_o have_v be_v original_o introduce_v among_o we_o as_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o judge_n may_v not_o be_v seduce_v by_o the_o passionate_a and_o well_o act_v eloquence_n of_o advocat_n quintil_n athenis_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o areopage_n affectus_fw-la movere_fw-la etiam_fw-la per_fw-la praeconem_fw-la prohibebatur_fw-la orator_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o dictate_v also_o the_o advocate_n consider_v more_o grave_o what_o he_o assert_n in_o these_o case_n which_o be_v of_o so_o great_a concern_v and_o the_o judge_n have_v more_o permanent_o under_o his_o consideration_n what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v and_o succeed_a age_n may_v better_o judge_v of_o the_o ground_n whereupon_o he_o proceed_v title_n xxii_o of_o exculpation_n and_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o the_o defender_n 1._o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o exculpation_n with_o we_o 2._o whether_o exculpation_n may_v be_v admit_v though_o contrair_a to_o the_o libel_n 3._o how_o alibi_fw-la shall_v exculpat_o 4._o witness_n liable_a to_o exception_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o exculpation_n 5._o witness_n for_o exculpate_v may_v be_v admit_v though_o not_o cite_v 6._o whether_o a_o man_n may_v be_v punish_v though_o he_o have_v not_o full_o prove_v his_o exculpation_n 7._o how_o the_o defender_n may_v exculpat_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi insist_v not_o 8._o whether_o the_o justice_n or_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o exculpation_n 9_o what_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi cite_v as_o party_n the_o defender_n necessary_a witness_n albeit_o after_o a_o crime_n be_v prove_v the_o panel_n be_v most_o unfavourable_a yet_o till_o then_o he_o be_v still_o presume_a innocent_a &_o praestat_fw-la nocentem_fw-la absolvere_fw-la quam_fw-la innocentem_fw-la condemnare_fw-la &_o petr._n de_fw-fr anach_n consil_n 23._o observe_v well_o that_o the_o court_n deserve_v much_o more_o honour_n when_o they_o absolve_v then_o when_o they_o condemn_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o when_o a_o innocent_a person_n be_v condemn_v the_o wrong_n can_v be_v repair_v but_o when_o a_o guilty_a person_n be_v absolve_v yet_o god_n will_v either_o suffer_v he_o he_o to_o fall_v in_o a_o second_o snare_n whereby_o the_o first_o crime_n may_v be_v also_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o his_o infinite_a justice_n will_v punish_v he_o eternal_o if_o he_o repent_v not_o when_o any_o person_n be_v criminal_o pursue_v he_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o benefit_n of_o exculpation_n for_o so_o they_o term_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o
panel_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o clar._n quest_n 51._o but_o i_o find_v not_o this_o term_n use_v with_o we_o till_o the_o year_n 1661._o at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v use_v first_o in_o argyles_n process_n the_o english_a call_v this_o to_o traverse_v a_o indictment_n from_o the_o french_a word_n traverser_n as_o i_o suppose_v which_o signify_v to_o oppose_v or_o cross_v when_o a_o panel_n before_o that_o time_n be_v pursue_v in_o scotland_n he_o behove_v present_o to_o propon_n his_o defence_n and_o have_v witness_n there_o present_a for_o prove_v it_o or_o else_o he_o behove_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o pursuer_n witness_n for_o our_o ancestor_n think_v that_o the_o pursuer_n witness_n be_v present_a can_v not_o but_o know_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n exact_o and_o so_o be_v as_o fit_a to_o prove_v the_o exculpation_n as_o the_o libel_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o witness_n may_v have_v be_v present_a when_o the_o wound_n be_v give_v who_o be_v not_o present_a at_o the_o beginning_n when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o wound_n be_v give_v whereupon_o the_o exculpation_n of_o self-defence_n be_v found_v so_o that_o other_o witness_n be_v ofttimes_o necessary_a beside_o these_o adduce_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o presume_v that_o these_o will_v come_v without_o a_o citation_n or_o if_o they_o come_v without_o a_o citation_n they_o be_v ultroniâ—_n and_o so_o be_v suspect_v in_o anno_fw-la 1661._o the_o justice_n do_v begin_v to_o grant_v precept_n of_o exculpation_n which_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o clerk_n and_o express_v that_o in_o respect_n there_o be_v a_o pursuit_n of_o such_o a_o nature_n intend_v against_o such_o a_o man_n and_o that_o he_o have_v defence_n to_o propon_n here_o the_o defence_n be_v express_v therefore_o the_o justice_n grant_v warrant_v to_o he_o to_o cite_v witness_n for_o prove_v thereof_o etc._n etc._n that_o this_o precept_n be_v subscribe_v only_o by_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n yet_o thereafter_o in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o a_o formal_a summons_n pass_v under_o the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o cite_v witness_n for_o exculpation_n and_o they_o be_v call_v now_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n which_o contain_v the_o defence_n as_o former_o the_o precept_n do_v but_o because_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o scruple_n to_o pass_v such_o bill_n therefore_o the_o justice_n first_o consider_v the_o defence_n and_o if_o they_o find_v it_o probable_a they_o use_v to_o subscribe_v the_o warrant_n for_o a_o bill_n which_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n among_o the_o common_a bill_n and_o that_o bill_n be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o letter_n when_o the_o panel_n be_v accuse_v and_o the_o libel_n read_v his_o advocate_n do_v propon_n the_o defence_n or_o exculpation_n v_o g._n if_o the_o libel_n be_v murder_n the_o defence_n be_v inculpata_fw-la tutela_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o the_o defence_n be_v debate_v and_o either_o admit_v or_o repel_v by_o a_o express_a signator_n of_o process_n than_o the_o witness_n be_v according_o admit_v if_o the_o justice_n refuse_v to_o pass_v a_o warrant_n for_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n the_o defender_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v thereby_o prejudge_v but_o the_o diet_n will_v be_v continue_v till_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v find_v in_o my_o lord_n rentoun_v case_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o wedderburn_n december_n 1669._o and_o though_o the_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n shall_v be_v execute_v to_o the_o same_o diet_n with_o the_o principal_a summons_n yet_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v it_o reasonable_a they_o may_v continue_v the_o diet_n and_o allow_v a_o competent_a time_n for_o raise_v exculpation_n as_o they_o do_v 13._o july_n 1676._o in_o a_o case_n pursue_v by_o mackintosh_n against_o grant_n for_o in_o remote_a shire_n the_o defender_n have_v not_o time_n to_o raise_v and_o execute_v exculpation_n to_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n in_o the_o principal_a cause_n the_o ordinary_a defence_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o respectiv_a title_n to_o which_o they_o relate_v and_o it_o will_v swell_v too_o much_o and_o too_o unnecessary_o this_o title_n to_o repeat_v they_o here_o ii_o it_o be_v ordinary_o reply_v to_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n that_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o pursuer_n libel_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o probation_n and_o thus_o mr._n william_n sumervel_v be_v pursue_v for_o murder_v of_o bessy_n rentown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a as_o appear_v clear_o to_o many_o who_o see_v the_o same_o immediate_o after_o it_o be_v give_v likeas_n she_o go_v that_o night_n to_o her_o brother_n house_n three_o mile_n on_o foot_n and_o never_o take_v bed_n but_o wrought_v as_o a_o servant_n in_o her_o ordinary_a employment_n for_o twelve_o week_n and_o at_o last_o have_v go_v to_o attend_v her_o brother_n who_o die_v of_o a_o spot_a fever_n she_o be_v by_o he_o infect_v and_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n which_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n be_v repel_v decemb._n 1669._o as_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o libel_v that_o he_o give_v she_o a_o mortal_a wound_n that_o she_o die_v of_o the_o wound_n that_o he_o give_v she_o and_o i_o find_v it_o former_o repel_v 15._o july_n 1642._o cheyn_n against_o mowit_n but_o this_o principle_n viz._n that_o exculpation_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o libel_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v seem_v not_o to_o be_v allowable_a for_o all_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n may_v be_v thereby_o preclude_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n so_o circumstantiat_fw-la his_o libel_n upon_o design_n as_o that_o the_o only_a exculpation_n which_o he_o fear_v behove_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o libel_n and_o since_o in_o scotland_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o precise_o obliedge_v to_o prove_v all_o the_o quality_n which_o he_o libel_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o he_o prove_v the_o libel_n itself_o the_o poor_a defender_n may_v easy_o be_v cheat_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n libel_n all_o the_o circumstance_n exclusive_a of_o the_o exculpation_n which_o he_o fear_v and_o after_o he_o have_v thereby_o exclude_v the_o defence_n he_o may_v contend_v that_o albeit_o the_o quality_n be_v not_o prove_v yet_o the_o fact_n itself_o be_v prove_v it_o be_v sufficient_a 2._o in_o civil_a case_n some_o defence_n be_v admit_v though_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n as_o in_o riot_n before_o the_o council_n and_o in_o spuilzy_n and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v much_o more_o to_o be_v admit_v in_o criminal_a case_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v more_o favourable_a than_o he_o be_v in_o civil_a case_n 3._o if_o this_o principle_n do_v general_o hold_v than_o self-defence_n and_o casual_a homicide_n can_v never_o be_v allow_v as_o exculpation_n for_o both_o these_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n use_v in_o the_o case_n of_o homicide_n which_o bear_v still_o premeditation_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o difference_n that_o which_o i_o find_v more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n in_o these_o indigested_a discourse_n which_o the_o doctor_n make_v upon_o this_o subject_a may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o where_o the_o defence_n iâ—_n not_o absolute_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n it_o ought_v only_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o probation_n 2._o though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n yet_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n a_o conjunct_a probation_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o beside_o the_o former_a reason_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n debate_v very_o learned_o whether_o when_o the_o pursuer_n probation_n of_o the_o libel_n be_v express_o contrary_a to_o the_o probation_n lead_v by_o the_o defender_n the_o pursuer_n or_o defender_n probation_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v bossius_n tit_n defence_n reor_fw-la which_o question_n be_v needless_a if_o a_o mutual_a probation_n be_v not_o allow_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o boss._n there_o advise_v the_o defender_n capitulare_fw-la directe_v contrarium_fw-la ejus_fw-la quod_fw-la libellatur_fw-la and_o when_o the_o probation_n differ_v the_o ordinary_a rule_n to_o be_v follow_v be_v that_o 1._o the_o defender_n probation_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v gloss_n in_o cap_n in_o nostris_fw-la detest_v because_o it_o be_v admit_v by_o the_o presumption_n that_o nemo_fw-la presumitur_fw-la diliquisse_n boss._n ibid._n but_o if_o the_o probation_n be_v not_o equal_a the_o great_a number_n or_o these_o who_o depon_n what_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o the_o worthy_a person_n ought_v to_o be_v believe_v boss._n ibid._n how_o far_o this_o doctrine_n be_v allow_v by_o our_o practic_n will_v appear_v from_o a_o case_n decide_v in_o jun_n 1670._o in_o which_o william_n mackie_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a hoom_n in_o a_o single_a combat_n
probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assizer_n 10._o the_o assize_n after_o enclosure_n can_v speak_v to_o no_o man_n 11._o how_o the_o assize_n ought_v to_o proceed_v after_o they_o be_v enclose_v 12._o wilful_a error_n in_o assiser_n how_o punish_v and_o by_o who_o i._o all_z judgement_n be_v at_o first_o pronounce_v by_o neighbour_n and_o thus_o among_o the_o roman_n be_v centum_fw-la viralia_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o among_o the_o feudalist_n pares_fw-la curie_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o place_n of_o which_o last_o come_v our_o assize_n in_o france_n england_n and_o scotland_n they_o be_v call_v a_o condign_a inquest_n because_o these_o shall_v be_v pares_fw-la â—uriae_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la condigni_fw-la the_o word_n assize_n be_v original_o french_a and_o signify_v proper_o sit_v or_o session_n les_fw-fr assize_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr grands_fw-fr jours_fw-fr plaids_n solemnel_n roy_fw-fr charles_n anno._n 1413._o vid._n judicem_fw-la regean_n verb._n assize_n where_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o assize_n in_o french_a signify_v a_o judicator_n and_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v often_o take_v for_o a_o constitution_n or_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v by_o that_o session_n or_o sit_v of_o the_o judge_n and_o thus_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n david_n be_v call_v assisa_fw-la regis_fw-la davidis_fw-la and_o assisa_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n assisa_n be_v likewise_o sometime_o call_v a_o measour_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v say_v ja._n 3._o pa._n 14._o cap._n 110._o that_o the_o barrel_n shall_v contain_v the_o assize_n and_o measour_n of_o 14._o gallon_n and_o the_o assisa_fw-la halâ—cum_fw-la or_o assize_n of_o herring_n signify_v a_o certain_a quantity_n and_o measure_n of_o herring_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o custom_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 15._o cap._n 237._o and_o in_o the_o french_a law_n it_o signify_v a_o tax_n also_o regean_n ibid._n but_o the_o proper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n assize_n as_o it_o be_v now_o determine_v by_o custom_n be_v to_o signify_v those_o who_o be_v choose_v by_o our_o law_n to_o determine_v either_o in_o civil_a or_o criminal_a case_n the_o matter_n of_o probation_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n neither_o proper_o judge_n nor_o witness_n but_o both_o ii_o for_o the_o more_o exact_a clear_n of_o the_o office_n of_o assizer_n in_o criminal_a case_n the_o reader_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o libel_n always_o beat_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v summon_v a_o assize_n not_o exceed_v forty_o five_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v give_v up_o in_o a_o roll_n to_o the_o messenger_n and_o shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi which_o roll_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o execution_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 6._o cap._n â—6_n but_o albeit_o this_o act_n appoint_v that_o the_o roll_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v as_o valid_a though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o he_o if_o he_o homologat_v and_o ratify_v the_o execution_n give_v in_o by_o the_o messenger_n albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o summond_v of_o assize_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la not_o lawful_a see_v it_o want_v a_o warrant_n this_o subscribe_v list_v be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o summons_n itself_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o warrant_n as_o also_o albeit_o by_o the_o act_n the_o messenger_n be_v prohibit_v to_o cite_v any_o more_o than_o forty_o five_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n yet_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la declare_v thereby_o to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o by_o that_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o upon_o supplication_n the_o lord_n may_v allow_v more_o person_n to_o be_v cite_v then_o forty_o five_o why_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v have_v have_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o inquest_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o if_o assizer_n may_v judge_v ex_fw-la propria_fw-la scientia_fw-la it_o will_v appear_v that_o to_o allow_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o choice_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v to_o put_v the_o defender_n absolute_o in_o his_o will_n and_o i_o find_v that_o gail_n l._n 2._o ob_n 34._o conclude_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o place_n allow_v domino_fw-la electionem_fw-la parium_fw-la pares_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la signify_v assizer_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la quodam_fw-la modo_fw-la judex_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la causa_fw-la nam_fw-la est_fw-la procul_fw-la dubio_fw-la eos_fw-la electurus_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la se_fw-la victoria_fw-la potiturum_fw-la sperat_fw-la alvarot_n ad_fw-la cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr contrav_fw-mi send_v to_o which_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n and_o practic_n that_o 1._o where_o the_o advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o he_o will_v be_v most_o just_a and_o that_o he_o will_v proceed_v without_o interest_n or_o malice_n 2._o these_o assizer_n be_v in_o effect_n either_o judge_n or_o witness_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v still_o the_o choice_n of_o both_o judge_n and_o witness_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a 3._o as_o the_o defender_n may_v decline_v they_o if_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o so_o they_o be_v swear_v nor_o be_v it_o presumeable_a that_o any_o will_v be_v so_o impious_a to_o condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v to_o please_v other_o upon_o which_o presumption_n our_o law_n lean_v so_o much_o that_o though_o assizer_n condemn_v unjust_o they_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n as_o be_v believe_v but_o by_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 1670._o the_o list_n of_o the_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o quorum_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o list_n shall_v express_v not_o only_o the_o name_n but_o the_o designation_n of_o the_o assizer_n when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n be_v come_v and_o the_o letter_n be_v call_v and_o the_o assizer_n be_v likewise_o call_v and_o each_o absent_a assizer_n be_v for_o his_o absence_n fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o their_o unlawe_n be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o composition_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 126._o by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o appoint_v that_o a_o act_n be_v to_o be_v extract_v upon_o their_o say_a absence_n and_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o swearer_n or_o his_o clerk_n within_o six_o day_n thereafter_o that_o letter_n may_v be_v direct_a thereupon_o for_o take_v their_o unlawe_n but_o the_o pain_n of_o ilk_fw-mi absent_a assizer_n at_o a_o justice_n air_n be_v to_o be_v forty_o pound_n ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o cap._n 81._o if_o the_o assizer_n summon_v be_v not_o present_a other_o may_v be_v summon_v at_o the_o bar_n or_o apudacta_fw-la as_o we_o call_v it_o ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 94._o when_o the_o assizer_n be_v call_v fifteen_o of_o they_o be_v mark_v and_o then_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v for_o the_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n must_v be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n ja._n 6._o par._n 1._o cap._n 90._o see_v albeit_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n yet_o since_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o probation_n which_o depend_v much_o upon_o the_o relevancy_n and_o see_v the_o justice_n remit_v several_a defence_n which_o be_v propon_v against_o the_o relevancy_n to_o the_o inquest_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a they_o shall_v hear_v the_o debate_n iii_o the_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n begin_v thus_o it_o be_v allege_v by_o a._n c._n as_o procurator_n for_o the_o panel_n that_o the_o panel_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o etc._n etc._n and_o after_o all_o the_o defence_n be_v discuss_v the_o word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la bear_v that_o the_o justice_n either_o sustain_v or_o repel_v the_o defence_n and_o find_v or_o find_v not_o that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v or_o not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n either_o the_o panel_n confess_v &_o quia_fw-la in_o confessum_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la therefore_o he_o may_v be_v banish_v or_o scourge_v without_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o in_o rutherfoord_v case_n the_o 9_o of_o july_n 1622_o and_o in_o job_n case_n who_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v for_o bigamy_n without_o a_o assize_n 19_o january_n 1650._o but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o panel_n do_v not_o willing_o acquiesce_v to_o the_o punishment_n it_o be_v still_o secure_a to_o put_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v only_o competent_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o the_o inquest_n only_o can_v find_v the_o libel_n prove_v iv._o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a principle_n in_o our_o law_n that_o the_o justice_n
be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o assizer_n to_o the_o probation_n yet_o to_o distinguish_v the_o limit_n of_o their_o different_a cognition_n become_v very_o oft_o difficult_a upon_o these_o two_o account_n 1._o by_o express_v act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 151._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o because_o party_n be_v ofttimes_o frustrate_a of_o justice_n by_o allege_v irrelevancy_n against_o criminal_a libel_n therefore_o when_o the_o person_n complain_v upon_o be_v libel_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n no_o exception_n or_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n of_o the_o libel_n in_o time_n come_v so_o that_o albeit_o the_o great_a debate_n concern_v relevancy_n among_o lawyer_n in_o criminal_a case_n do_v arise_v upon_o these_o common_a place_n cujus_fw-la open_a auxilio_fw-la assistentia_fw-la mandato_fw-la etc._n etc._n ea_fw-la crimina_fw-la erant_fw-la commissa_fw-la and_o from_o what_o circumstance_n these_o can_v be_v infer_v yet_o now_o the_o debate_n upon_o all_o this_o fall_v not_o by_o that_o act_n under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assize_n all_o these_o be_v branch_n and_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n 2._o the_o probation_n require_v ofttimes_o in_o it_o somewhat_o of_o relevancy_n to_o be_v previous_o debate_v as_o for_o instance_n whether_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v bind_v or_o what_o witness_n in_o law_n be_v receiveable_a or_o not_o all_o which_o case_n do_v ofttimes_o confound_v the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n but_o for_o clear_v of_o these_o limit_n their_o follow_a conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o dubio_fw-la all_o that_o concern_v law_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o what_o concern_v fact_n by_o the_o assize_n 2._o regulariter_fw-la all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v recommend_v it_o as_o a_o caution_n to_o advocat_n that_o when_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o assiser_n and_o find_v the_o case_n intricat_fw-la that_o they_o do_v not_o simple_o libel_v that_o such_o person_n be_v art_n and_o part_n but_o that_o they_o libel_v they_o to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o rescue_v the_o malefactor_n etc._n etc._n for_o when_o the_o qualification_n from_o which_o art_n and_o part_n be_v infer_v be_v express_o libel_v the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o inference_n but_o if_o these_o condescend_v not_o that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n than_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o though_o the_o same_o be_v in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la because_o of_o the_o former_a act_n as_o be_v find_v in_o captain_n barclay_v case_n november_n 1668._o where_o they_o refuse_v to_o force_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v quo_fw-la modo_fw-la art_n and_o part_n albeit_o this_o be_v very_o dangerous_a see_v assizer_n be_v ofttimes_o ignorant_a person_n and_o yet_o they_o force_v the_o panel_n to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n and_o will_v not_o refer_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n which_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o probation_n as_o to_o which_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o reason_n of_o disparity_n but_o that_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o case_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o assiser_n whereas_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n as_o to_o the_o other_o but_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o i_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o for_o the_o statutory_a part_n of_o that_o act_n commit_v the_o trial_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o assiser_n seem_v most_o unjust_a see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o commit_v the_o great_a question_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o most_o ignorant_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v to_o put_v a_o sharp_a sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o blind_a man_n and_o the_o reason_n conductive_a of_o this_o act_n specify_v in_o the_o narrative_a be_v likewise_o most_o inept_v and_o no_o way_n illative_a of_o what_o be_v thereby_o statute_v since_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n can_v very_o little_o have_v hinder_v and_o never_o have_v hinder_v justice_n for_o the_o relevancy_n be_v debate_v now_o as_o copious_o as_o before_o that_o act_n with_o this_o only_a difierence_n that_o it_o be_v then_o debate_v before_o judge_n who_o can_v have_v keep_v advocat_n at_o the_o point_n whereas_o now_o it_o be_v debate_v before_o assiser_n who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o bound_v or_o how_o to_o stop_v they_o but_o a_o better_a reason_n for_o this_o law_n have_v be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o allow_v to_o examine_v the_o witness_n and_o so_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o know_v what_o they_o can_v say_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v exact_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o sound_v a_o clear_a condescendency_n in_o art_n and_o part_n until_o he_o hear_v the_o witness_n depon_n and_o see_v the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n therefore_o they_o ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n but_o i_o think_v that_o after_o the_o witness_n have_v depone_v the_o justice_n shall_v still_o determine_v what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n and_o shall_v not_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o as_o they_o be_v found_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o upon_o the_o former_a principle_n that_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o relevancy_n so_o they_o be_v not_o exclude_v therefrae_fw-la by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o only_o ordain_v that_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v no_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n thereof_o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n the_o libel_n shall_v doubtless_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v the_o judge_n when_o he_o hear_v the_o probation_n to_o run_v upon_o rescue_n mandat_fw-la or_o ratihabition_n shall_v tell_v the_o inquest_n what_o act_v in_o law_n do_v infer_v either_o of_o these_o and_o then_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o judge_v if_o these_o act_n which_o he_o declare_v to_o be_v relevant_a be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v much_o fit_a then_o to_o leave_v poor_a ignorant_a assizer_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o advocat_n who_o may_v bias_n they_o by_o their_o repute_n authority_n or_o confidence_n 3._o albeit_o the_o assize_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o probation_n yet_o what_o manner_n of_o probation_n be_v requisite_a belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o the_o justice_n determine_v in_o balcanquels_fw-fr case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o witness_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v perjure_v themselves_o by_o the_o deposition_n of_o other_o witness_n but_o only_o by_o writ_n or_o reexamination_n and_o in_o the_o action_n of_o usury_n pursue_v against_o witherspoon_n march_v 1666._o they_o find_v that_o usurary_n paction_n be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o writ_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o other_o witness_n than_o the_o witness_n insert_v and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n november_n 1667._o they_o find_v that_o the_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a rent_n be_v not_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n please_v he_o may_v desire_v ad_fw-la informandam_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la any_o probation_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v take_v and_o thus_o often_o time_n in_o the_o criminal_a register_n assizer_n have_v cause_v read_v testificat_o from_o chirurgeon_n and_o other_o licet_fw-la regulariter_fw-la testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la est_fw-la credendum_fw-la the_o last_o rule_n be_v that_o before_o the_o assize_n be_v swear_v all_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o after_o they_o be_v swear_v the_o justice_n functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o all_o thereafter_o fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assizer_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la which_o run_v thus_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o libel_n relevant_a notwithstanding_o of_o the_o defence_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o pass_v thereupon_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o their_o difficulty_n i_o wish_v that_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n which_o overture_n seem_v most_o fit_a and_o advantageous_a for_o these_o subsequent_a reason_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o contingency_n betwixt_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v disjoin_v and_o sure_o they_o must_v best_o understand_v what_o probation_n be_v requisite_a who_o have_v consider_v the_o relevancy_n upon_o which_o it_o depend_v and_o for_o
this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o even_o our_o law_n appoint_v all_o the_o dispute_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n to_o be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n 2._o the_o assize_n be_v oft_o stumble_v at_o what_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o and_o do_v very_o often_o mistake_v what_o be_v find_v relevant_a and_o what_o not_o 3._o assizer_n with_o we_o be_v oftentimes_o ignorant_a person_n at_o least_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v they_o so_o judicious_a as_o to_o understand_v such_o intricat_a matter_n as_o advocat_n represent_v to_o they_o especial_o in_o circuit_n court_n where_o few_o have_v see_v assize_n before_o and_o they_o be_v oftentim_n but_o mean_a person_n or_o person_n who_o have_v interest_n 4._o by_o our_o law_n the_o libel_n be_v relevant_a if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v without_o condescend_v that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o swae_fw-la far_o as_o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o almost_o all_o case_n and_o be_v put_v to_o decide_v what_o have_v trouble_v the_o able_a doctor_n and_o author_n and_o so_o often_o time_n they_o return_v unformal_a verdict_n 5._o assizer_n be_v trouble_v in_o their_o commerce_n and_o abstract_v from_o their_o affair_n unnecessary_o be_v obliedge_v frequent_o upon_o continuation_n of_o diet_n to_o wait_v whole_a year_n and_o be_v ofttimes_o absent_a whereby_o diet_n be_v desert_v and_o they_o ofttimes_o syne_v 6._o by_o this_o mean_n assize_n of_o error_n will_v be_v suppress_v with_o which_o assizer_n be_v still_o threaten_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi before_o they_o be_v enclose_v and_o it_o seem_v barbarous_a that_o person_n who_o absolve_v shall_v be_v punish_v whereas_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n for_o concondemn_v which_o inconveniency_n will_v also_o be_v take_v off_o by_o this_o overture_n 7._o assizers_n may_v in_o our_o law_n judge_n according_a to_o their_o private_a knowledge_n without_o lawful_a probation_n which_o seem_v dangerous_a in_o criminal_a case_n 8._o though_o of_o old_a when_o judge_n and_o assizer_n be_v equal_o ignorant_a assizer_n be_v appoint_v yet_o now_o when_o law_n be_v form_v to_o a_o science_n and_o that_o judge_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v learn_v and_o assizer_n not_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a they_o shall_v be_v suppress_v as_o well_o in_o criminal_a case_n as_o they_o be_v already_o in_o civil_a and_o since_o we_o have_v recee_v from_o the_o present_a custom_n of_o england_n and_o our_o own_o old_a custom_n by_o not_o allow_v assize_n in_o civil_a case_n why_o not_o rather_o in_o criminal_a case_n these_o be_v both_o of_o more_o intricacy_n and_o weight_n especial_o see_v in_o england_n the_o probation_n be_v before_o neighbour_n in_o the_o country_n who_o know_v best_a the_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o with_o we_o assizer_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o choose_v from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v but_o be_v burgess_n of_o edimburgh_n who_o be_v as_o great_a stranger_n to_o what_o past_a as_o the_o judge_n themselves_o and_o if_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o country_n it_o will_v be_v very_o expensive_a 9_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o polish_a kingdom_n and_o common_a wealth_n who_o have_v form_v their_o law_n in_o calm_a and_o learned_a age_n make_v there_o judge_n discuss_v both_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o either_o assiser_n have_v be_v introduce_v by_o we_o when_o we_o and_o england_n be_v both_o barbarous_a or_o else_o the_o justice_n have_v invent_v this_o act_n at_o first_o to_o relieve_v themselves_o of_o a_o burden_n v._o the_o assize_n be_v either_o a_o ordinary_a or_o great_a assize_n the_o great_a assize_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o ordinar_n be_v try_v if_o they_o do_v wrong_v and_o i_o find_v some_o foundation_n for_o their_o term_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr custum_fw-la d._n langumois_n act_n 4._o &_o de_fw-mi la_fw-fr rochal_a art_n 1._o la_o grand_a assize_n est_fw-fr du_fw-fr seneshal_n la_fw-fr petit_fw-fr du_fw-fr juge_fw-fr prevostal_n a_o ordinary_a assize_n use_v to_o consist_v of_o fifteen_o person_n but_o they_o may_v consist_v of_o more_o or_o few_o if_o the_o number_n be_v unequal_a and_o thus_o the_o penult_n of_o june_n 1614_o ronald_n be_v try_v and_o convict_v for_o dismember_a donaldson_n by_o a_o assize_n of_o thirteen_o person_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o assize_n must_v be_v unequal_a in_o number_n be_v least_o by_o equality_n of_o vot_n affair_n be_v not_o terminat_fw-la and_o bring_v to_o a_o speedy_a issue_n for_o which_o cause_n likewise_o lib._n 2._o reg._n maj._n cap._n 5._o and_o by_o the_o 87._o act_n 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o arbiter_n shall_v be_v appoint_v in_o a_o unequal_a number_n and_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o civil_a brief_n of_o right_n a_o assize_n shall_v consist_v of_o twelve_o swear_a man_n albeit_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o assizer_n must_v all_o agree_v in_o one_o voice_n yet_o with_o we_o the_o major_a part_n may_v condemn_v or_o absolve_v but_o if_o six_o of_o fifteen_o be_v only_o positive_a and_o eight_o non_fw-la liquet_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o verdict_n shall_v condemn_v for_o else_o if_o one_o do_v condemn_v and_o fourteen_o be_v not_o clear_a that_o one_o will_v condemn_v which_o be_v most_o absurd_a and_o in_o july_n 1675._o a_o verdict_n in_o a_o perambulation_n betwixt_o walstoun_n and_o sr._n john_n cheesly_n be_v quarrel_v in_o a_o advocation_n as_o unjust_a because_o the_o great_a number_n be_v non_fw-la liquet_n the_o lord_n do_v advocate_n the_o cause_n to_o themselves_o which_o employ_v that_o they_o do_v not_o sustain_v the_o verdict_n as_o valid_a vi_o the_o assizer_n be_v ordinary_o call_v by_o sives_z and_o the_o oath_n administrat_fw-la to_o they_o be_v that_o you_o shall_v all_o the_o truth_n tell_v and_o nae_fw-la truth_n conceal_v in_o so_o far_o as_o you_o be_v to_o pass_v upon_o this_o present_a assize_n swa_o help_v you_o god_n which_o i_o find_v likewise_o to_o have_v be_v the_o form_n of_o old_a reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o vers_fw-la 12._o and_o albeit_o by_o the_o 138._o act_n 13._o parl._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o judge_n shall_v cause_v assiser_n swear_v when_o they_o take_v their_o oath_n that_o they_o have_v not_o take_v any_o bud_n from_o the_o party_n yet_o they_o do_v never_o tender_v to_o they_o this_o oath_n except_o either_o the_o judge_n or_o party_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o assiser_n assiser_n be_v party_n judge_n partly_o witness_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o they_o be_v judge_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o consider_v the_o probation_n lead_v by_o other_o and_o judge_v whether_o prove_v or_o not_o prove_v they_o be_v witness_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o may_v condemn_v upon_o proper_a knowledge_n without_o any_o other_o probation_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o exception_n may_v be_v propon_v either_o against_o judge_n or_o witness_v be_v admit_v against_o assiser_n and_o thus_o a_o assiser_n be_v set_v for_o that_o be_v the_o term_n of_o decline_v use_v in_o this_o case_n because_o he_o be_v not_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n which_o be_v the_o age_n require_v in_o a_o judge_n act_n 132._o parl._n 12._o ja._n 6._o vid._n 7._o june_n 1616._o but_o because_o the_o exception_n against_o assiser_n be_v ordinary_o coincident_a with_o these_o that_o be_v against_o witness_n therefore_o we_o shall_v remit_v they_o to_o the_o title_n of_o witness_n only_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o cherurgians_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v exeme_v by_o q._n mary_n from_o be_v cite_v upon_o assize_n because_o of_o the_o peremptoriness_n of_o the_o employment_n which_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o justice_n july_n 1671._o both_o as_o to_o assize_n within_o the_o town_n and_o without_o the_o town_n though_o our_o learned_a craig_n be_v a_o justice-deput_a have_v former_o sustain_v it_o as_o to_o assize_n without_o the_o town_n only_o vii_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n in_o the_o feudal_a law_n that_o all_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v per_fw-la pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v that_o a_o vassal_n shall_v be_v judge_v per_fw-la convassallo_fw-la because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o these_o understand_v best_o the_o person_n to_o be_v try_v and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o panel_n former_a life_n and_o conversation_n be_v a_o great_a help_n towards_o a_o sound_a judgement_n of_o the_o case_n and_o from_o this_o feudal_a custom_n rise_v our_o maxim_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o his_o peer_n quon_n attach_v cap._n 67._o the_o word_n be_v it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o low_a person_n than_o his_o peer_n a_o earl_n by_o a_o earl_n a_o baron_n by_o a_o baron_n
judge_n shall_v think_v fit_a it_o be_v think_v of_o old_a that_o assizer_n behove_v present_o to_o determine_v after_o probation_n be_v lead_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o dismiss_v they_o until_o they_o do_v enter_v and_o return_v their_o verdict_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o opinion_n be_v because_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v there_o may_v be_v hazard_n of_o suborn_v the_o assizer_n if_o the_o matter_n be_v continue_v to_o a_o new_a day_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v likewise_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi find_v that_o the_o witness_n which_o he_o have_v lead_v do_v not_o prove_v he_o may_v be_v tempt_v to_o suborn_v other_o and_o i_o think_v this_o opinion_n strong_o found_v but_o yet_o in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o etc._n etc._n a_o baxter_n be_v pursue_v for_o sedition_n the_o justice_n do_v at_o my_o lord_n advocat_n earnest_a solicitation_n dissolve_v the_o court_n after_o probation_n be_v lead_v and_o continue_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o new_a diet_n but_o the_o accusation_n be_v never_o further_o prosecute_v and_o that_o procedure_v be_v think_v mali_fw-la exempli_fw-la yet_o thereafter_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n continue_v a_o assize_n who_o sit_v upon_o macknab_n for_o theft_n for_o not_o be_v clear_a to_o condemn_v upon_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n they_o propose_v the_o case_n after_o they_o be_v enclose_v whereupon_o the_o justice_n continue_v the_o diet_n till_o the_o next_o day_n and_o have_v consult_v the_o council_n they_o thereafter_o find_v the_o confession_n sufficient_a and_o enclose_v the_o assize_n notwithstanding_o of_o this_o objection_n november_n 1669._o xii_o when_o the_o advocate_n close_v his_o discourse_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi he_o protest_v for_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n against_o the_o inquest_n if_o they_o assoilzie_a which_o protestation_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n can_v pursue_v the_o inquest_n for_o error_n if_o this_o protestation_n be_v not_o use_v even_o as_o a_o qualify_a oath_n be_v not_o allow_v except_o it_o be_v protest_v for_o and_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o lady_n and_o laird_n of_o milntoun_n if_o a_o reprobator_n can_v be_v raise_v where_o the_o party_n laese_v protest_v not_o for_o it_o see_v protestation_n be_v such_o solemn_a act_n as_o the_o law_n require_v in_o such_o case_n and_o they_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o superfluous_a if_o what_o be_v protest_v for_o can_v be_v allow_v without_o be_v protest_v for_o and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o such_o protestation_n be_v competent_a do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la pass_v from_o his_o right_n and_o seem_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v if_o he_o use_v they_o not_o vid._n durand_n specul_fw-la do_fw-mi reprobat_fw-la in_o initio_fw-la but_o this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v yet_o the_o lord_n incline_v to_o allow_v a_o reprobature_n if_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o though_o no_o protestation_n be_v use_v and_o i_o believe_v that_o action_n of_o error_n may_v be_v raise_v though_o it_o be_v not_o protest_v for_o if_o the_o verdict_n be_v quarrellable_n though_o a_o protestation_n be_v both_o more_o secure_a and_o formal_a and_o real_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v see_v the_o inquest_n be_v by_o that_o solemn_a denunciation_n and_o intimation_n warn_v of_o their_o hazard_n and_o their_o error_n because_o it_o become_v thereby_o more_o wilful_a than_o otherways_o it_o will_v be_v a_o summons_n of_o error_n be_v always_o raise_v in_o latin_a and_o upon_o parchment_n and_o be_v direct_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n wilful_a error_n be_v that_o crime_n which_o assizer_n commit_v in_o pronounce_v a_o unjust_a verdict_n and_o by_o our_o law_n a_o assize_n condemn_v can_v be_v pursue_v tanquam_fw-la temere_fw-la jurantes_fw-la supra_fw-la asisa_fw-la as_o be_v common_o believe_v by_o the_o 63._o act_n 8._o par._n ja._n 3._o the_o reason_n of_o which_o opinion_n may_v be_v three_o 1._o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o indifferent_a person_n will_v condemn_v a_o innocent_a out_o of_o feid_v or_o favour_n though_o there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o be_v jealous_a that_o they_o may_v be_v induce_v out_o of_o either_o pity_n or_o clemency_n to_o assoilzie_a from_o a_o crime_n full_o prove_v 2._o no_o person_n will_v be_v find_v to_o go_v upon_o a_o assize_n if_o they_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o condemn_v 3._o the_o penalty_n of_o such_o as_o temere_fw-la jurarunt_fw-la super_fw-la asisam_fw-la be_v only_a confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_a good_n cap._n 14._o lib._n regiam_fw-la maje_fw-fr whereas_o death_n will_v be_v ofttimes_o the_o punishment_n if_o such_o as_o condemn_a may_v be_v punish_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o assizer_n do_v condemn_v a_o innocent_a without_o any_o probation_n or_o by_o palpable_a iniquity_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o may_v be_v punish_v and_o my_o reason_n for_o this_o opinion_n be_v 1._o that_o else_o the_o people_n will_v be_v state_v in_o a_o very_a unfortunat_a condition_n if_o not_o only_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v condemn_v upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o any_o two_o man_n but_o likewise_o to_o the_o arbitrariness_n of_o a_o assize_n who_o may_v condemn_v without_o any_o clear_a probation_n 2._o assizer_n be_v judge_n and_o witness_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v liable_a to_o all_o the_o error_n for_o which_o these_o be_v accountable_a but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n condemn_v unjust_o or_o if_o a_o person_n be_v condemn_v upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o any_o witness_n who_o depones_fw-la false_o that_o judge_n or_o witness_v so_o depon_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o capital_a punishment_n why_o then_o shall_v a_o assizer_n be_v exempt_v see_v there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n upon_o which_o he_o can_v found_v that_o exemption_n and_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v contend_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o be_v not_o conclude_v see_v else_o it_o may_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n be_v conclude_v that_o no_o judge_n or_o witness_v can_v be_v pursue_v when_o they_o condemn_v unjust_o see_v omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la bone_fw-la at_o least_o perjury_n shall_v never_o be_v punish_v in_o a_o witness_n nor_o injustice_n in_o a_o judge_n decide_v unjust_o and_o by_o that_o unjust_a decision_n murder_v the_o person_n pannel_v before_o they_o because_o forsooth_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o a_o witness_n or_o judge_n will_v murder_v a_o innocent_a by_o their_o sentence_n or_o deposition_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o all_o man_n may_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n upon_o their_o peril_n and_o thus_o assizer_n be_v force_v though_o there_o be_v hazard_v also_o in_o assoilze_v and_o witness_n be_v force_v though_o there_o be_v great_a hazard_n in_o perjury_n if_o they_o depon_n false_o to_o the_o three_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o need_v no_o law_n to_o punish_v assiâ—ers_n condemn_v unjust_o see_v they_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o particular_a statute_n to_o punish_v such_o as_o assoilzy_v unjust_o both_o because_o the_o common_a law_n be_v not_o so_o express_v as_o to_o this_o and_o because_o man_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a hazard_n in_o it_o this_o error_n in_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o a_o great_a assize_n of_o twenty_o five_o noble_a person_n act_n 63._o parl._n 8._o ja._n 3._o but_o the_o person_n assoilzy_v be_v to_o be_v free_a ibid._n and_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la of_o the_o session_n anno_fw-la 1591._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o land_a gentleman_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o pass_v upon_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o they_o be_v of_o quality_n and_o estate_n inferior_a to_o the_o panel_n and_o wilful_a error_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o this_o case_n quaelibet_fw-la probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la ignorantiae_fw-la excusat_fw-la spot_n do_fw-mi retour_n ker_n against_o hartwood-mire_n and_o by_o the_o 47._o act_n par._n 6._o ja._n 3._o it_o appear_v that_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v adduce_v to_o infer_v this_o action_n of_o error_n but_o what_o be_v at_o first_o produce_v the_o time_n of_o their_o verdict_n whereas_o any_o probation_n may_v be_v adduce_v in_o fortification_n of_o the_o verdict_n quarrel_v tantus_fw-la est_fw-la favour_n innocentiae_fw-la the_o punishment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o a_o asssize_n of_o error_n be_v the_o escheat_v of_o the_o movable_n and_o a_o year_n imprisonment_n cap._n 14._o l._n 1._o reg._n maj._n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 47._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o wilful_a or_o ignorant_a assizer_n shall_v be_v
original_o emit_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n or_o at_o least_o adhere_v to_o before_o they_o and_o the_o testimony_n of_o two_o nottar_n and_o four_o witness_n be_v not_o equivalent_a to_o a_o verbal_a confession_n see_v they_o can_v not_o thereby_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v such_o as_o whether_o the_o confession_n be_v voluntar_n or_o extort_a or_o if_o it_o proceed_v upon_o a_o mistake_n or_o if_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o promise_n of_o life_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o party_n who_o confess_v may_v have_v emit_v that_o declaration_n upon_o a_o confidence_n that_o the_o same_o can_v not_o operat_fw-la against_o he_o be_v extrajudicial_a as_o say_v be_v 3._o that_o must_v be_v account_v a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n quae_fw-la non_fw-la emanavit_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la and_o this_o be_v such_o because_o there_o be_v no_o court_n fence_v here_o nor_o yet_o a_o assize_n swear_v whereas_o that_o be_v only_o call_v a_o judicial_a confession_n which_o be_v emit_v before_o those_o who_o be_v judge_n and_o whilst_o they_o be_v sit_v in_o judgement_n boss._n tit_n de_fw-fr confessis_fw-la 4._o the_o confessor_n here_o be_v a_o ignorant_a person_n and_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o scottish_a language_n and_o so_o may_v be_v very_o subject_a to_o mistake_v upon_o which_o reason_n the_o assize_n have_v demure_v the_o justice_n make_v application_n to_o the_o council_n but_o the_o case_n be_v by_o the_o council_n remit_v entire_o back_o to_o themselves_o they_o do_v find_v the_o foresay_a confession_n sufficient_a and_o macknab_n be_v thereupon_o convict_v according_o and_o hang_v but_o if_o the_o confession_n have_v only_o be_v subscribe_v by_o a_o judge_n i_o think_v it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v valid_a for_o that_o be_v to_o confound_v the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n witness_v and_o clerk_n and_o will_v tend_v to_o make_v all_o judge_n arbitrary_a so_o that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o liege_n shall_v depend_v upon_o one_o single_a testimony_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a especial_o in_o inferior_a court_n where_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o person_n of_o very_a little_a integrity_n sit_v as_o judge_n and_o which_o judge_n be_v oftentimes_o interest_v to_o get_v the_o panel_n condemn_v because_o thereby_o the_o escheat_n at_o least_o a_o part_n of_o it_o fall_v to_o themselves_o so_o far_o do_v our_o law_n require_v judicial_a confession_n that_o it_o have_v be_v debate_v that_o even_o a_o confession_n take_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n sit_v in_o judgement_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o the_o assize_n to_o proceed_v in_o condemn_v the_o party_n except_o the_o confession_n have_v be_v renew_v before_o they_o though_o the_o confession_n itself_o be_v subscribe_v and_o the_o subscription_n acknowledge_v for_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n require_v that_o the_o hail_n probation_n shall_v be_v use_v before_o the_o assize_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n accuse_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o emit_v of_o the_o confession_n be_v a_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o probation_n since_o law_n have_v lay_v great_a weight_n upon_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n how_o a_o confession_n be_v elicit_a measure_v exact_o the_o degree_n of_o constancy_n or_o fear_v appear_v in_o the_o panel_n as_o well_o as_o consider_v the_o motive_n by_o which_o he_o be_v induce_v to_o confess_v and_o what_o difference_n be_v there_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o assize_n whether_o the_o confession_n be_v emit_v before_o the_o justice_n or_o a_o inferior_a judge_n or_o why_o shall_v not_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n or_o confession_n of_o party_n take_v by_o way_n of_o precognition_n prove_v and_o yet_o their_o confession_n take_v before_o the_o justice_n prove_v but_o to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o confession_n emit_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o judge_n competent_a prove_v in_o all_o nation_n from_o which_o the_o foresay_a act_n shall_v not_o be_v make_v to_o derogat_n except_o it_o design_v the_o same_o clear_o but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n that_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v that_o any_o probation_n that_o be_v former_o good_a and_o probative_a shall_v be_v discharge_v but_o only_o that_o the_o way_n of_o use_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v regulat_fw-la and_o so_o subscribe_v paper_n be_v not_o reject_v for_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o paper_n prove_v treason_n and_o usury_n though_o they_o be_v not_o subscribe_v before_o the_o assize_n but_o that_o act_n only_o discharge_v a_o former_a wicked_a custom_n of_o carry_v in_o paper_n claudistine_o to_o the_o inquest_n which_o have_v not_o be_v open_o use_v before_o the_o panel_n likeas_n assizer_n do_v frequent_o condemn_v with_o we_o upon_o such_o confession_n the_o second_o question_n which_o may_v be_v here_o debate_v be_v whether_o when_o a_o person_n confess_v a_o crime_n with_o a_o quality_n and_o not_o simple_o if_o his_o confession_n may_v be_v divide_v so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v convict_v upon_o the_o confession_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o quality_n except_o he_o can_v prove_v the_o quality_n this_o be_v debate_v the_o 13._o of_o march_n 1668._o at_o which_o time_n one_o dumbar_n be_v pursue_v for_o wound_a colonel_n inn_n confess_v that_o he_o wound_v he_o but_o he_o do_v it_o in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o say_a colonel_n upon_o which_o confession_n it_o be_v allege_v he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a since_o a_o confession_n can_v no_o more_o be_v divide_v than_o a_o oath_n and_o it_o be_v a_o brocard_n in_o law_n that_o quod_fw-la approbas_fw-la non_fw-la reprobas_fw-la as_o also_o see_v the_o crime_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v but_o by_o the_o confession_n the_o confession_n be_v qualify_v be_v no_o confession_n without_o the_o qualification_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o probation_n beyond_o the_o quality_n i_o know_v that_o the_o doctor_n do_v in_o this_o case_n distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o qualify_a confession_n as_o be_v omit_v sub_fw-la unico_fw-la structu_fw-la verborum_fw-la as_o if_o the_o confession_n do_v bear_v i_o do_v kill_v in_o my_o own_o defence_n vel_fw-la sub_fw-la duplici_fw-la as_o i_o do_v kill_v but_o i_o kill_v in_o my_o own_o defence_n in_o the_o first_o they_o think_v the_o quality_n can_v be_v disjoin_v from_o the_o confession_n but_o in_o the_o second_o it_o may_v yet_o i_o think_v this_o but_o a_o subtlety_n for_o poor_a person_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v try_v for_o their_o life_n take_v not_o such_o pain_n to_o order_v their_o expression_n and_o their_o design_n in_o both_o be_v the_o same_o but_o i_o approve_v more_o that_o other_o opinion_n of_o these_o who_o think_v that_o such_o qualify_a confession_n may_v infer_v a_o arbitrary_a though_o less_o punishment_n paenam_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la as_o be_v assert_v by_o decius_n in_o cap._n cum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la extra_fw-la de_fw-fr except_o vid._n far._n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la quest_n 87._o cap._n 4._o and_o albeit_o i_o think_v that_o if_o there_o be_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o confessor_n as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o above_o relate_a case_n he_o behove_v cocasu_fw-la to_o prove_v that_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n otherwise_o then_o by_o adject_v a_o quality_n because_o presumption_n transfer_v the_o necessity_n of_o probation_n upon_o he_o against_o who_o the_o presumption_n be_v bring_v cod._a fab_n de_fw-fr sicar_n def_n 6._o non_fw-la scinditur_fw-la confessio_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la nisi_fw-la adsint_fw-la contraria_fw-la indicia_fw-la yet_o i_o think_v that_o such_o qualify_a confession_n as_o this_o be_v which_o imply_v a_o defence_n shall_v either_o prove_v the_o defence_n or_o else_o they_o shall_v not_o prove_v the_o libel_n and_o either_o shall_v be_v altogether_o believe_v or_o altogether_o reprobate_v for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o the_o design_n of_o the_o confessor_n to_o bind_v a_o guilt_n upon_o himself_o by_o the_o confession_n so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o he_o who_o be_v so_o ingenuous_a as_o to_o confess_v a_o guilt_n against_o himself_o will_v be_v likewise_o so_o ingenuous_a as_o to_o confess_v the_o truth_n real_o and_o sincere_o or_o if_o he_o omit_v this_o confession_n by_o a_o secret_a impulse_n of_o a_o superior_a power_n force_v he_o to_o confess_v the_o truth_n we_o may_v rational_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o impulse_n will_v likewise_o have_v enforce_v he_o to_o confess_v the_o truth_n in_o its_o fullness_n and_o simplicity_n &_o homicidium_fw-la indubio_fw-it non_fw-la dolose_a sed_fw-la ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la factum_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la qualitas_fw-la adjecta_fw-la habet_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la presumptionem_fw-la mascard_v deprobat_fw-la l._n 2._o concluss_n 867._o i_o do_v likewise_o think_v if_o the_o quality_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o first_o deposition_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o afterward_o be_v receive_v since_o
it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v adject_v at_o the_o beginning_n if_o it_o have_v be_v true_a every_o man_n be_v more_o mindful_a to_o defend_v himself_o then_o to_o confess_v a_o crime_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o of_o such_o a_o quality_n adject_v ex_fw-la intervalo_fw-la the_o confessor_n may_v be_v punish_v pena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la which_o be_v also_o the_o opinion_n of_o clarus_n quest._n 55._o v._o the_o three_o question_n be_v whether_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o competent_a to_o punish_v corporal_o be_v sufficient_a for_o a_o judge_n to_o proceed_v who_o be_v competent_a and_o this_o be_v oft_o controvert_v with_o we_o if_o a_o confession_n or_o probation_n leâ—_n before_o a_o kirk-session_n be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o be_v repeat_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o council_n be_v consult_v late_o by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o merse_n concern_v a_o man_n who_o have_v confess_v witchcraft_n before_o the_o presbytrie_n they_o will_v not_o decide_v it_o albeit_o lawyer_n who_o be_v member_n of_o the_o council_n and_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o shall_v die_v except_o he_o can_v allege_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o varry_v in_o his_o confession_n but_o this_o be_v against_o a_o receive_a position_n among_o lawyer_n quod_fw-la confessio_fw-la emanata_fw-la coram_fw-la judice_fw-la incompitente_fw-la non_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ad_fw-la condemnandum_fw-la farin_n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confess_v cap._n 6._o licet_fw-la sufficiat_fw-la ad_fw-la torturam_fw-la &_o habent_fw-la vim_o extrajudicialis_fw-la confessionis_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o the_o foresay_a rule_n be_v that_o the_o confessor_n know_v that_o he_o can_v not_o die_v upon_o that_o confession_n and_o man_n will_v confess_v many_o time_n to_o free_v themselves_o from_o trouble_n or_o evite_v excommunication_n who_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v a_o crime_n if_o they_o be_v capital_o accuse_v some_o also_o have_v confess_v to_o kirk-session_n crime_n of_o which_o they_o have_v be_v innocent_a as_o adultery_n for_o obtain_v a_o devorce_n and_o fornication_n to_o obtain_v a_o consent_n of_o the_o father_n and_o whatever_o may_v be_v allege_v against_o extrajudicial_a may_v be_v allege_v against_o confession_n before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n by_o this_o also_o it_o may_v easy_o appear_v what_o shall_v be_v answer_v to_o another_o question_n which_o differ_v little_a from_o this_o viz._n if_o a_o confession_n of_o a_o crime_n take_v incident_o in_o another_o process_n and_o not_o take_v in_o process_n wherein_o the_o confessor_n be_v pursue_v for_o life_n be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n will_v not_o sustain_v a_o confession_n omit_v by_o a_o man_n before_o the_o kirk-session_n ad_fw-la exonerationem_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la to_o operat_fw-la against_o he_o in_o any_o other_o court_n because_o they_o think_v that_o this_o will_v continue_v man_n in_o impenitency_n and_o retard_v their_o repent_v which_o decision_n be_v much_o applaud_v licet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vi_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n clarum_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr authoritate_fw-la prestunda_fw-la minor_n accuse_v can_v not_o prejudge_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o confession_n but_o this_o be_v innovat_fw-la by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n boer_n decis_fw-la 63._o and_o boss._n tit_n de_fw-fr confessis_fw-la and_o with_o we_o minor_n confess_v crime_n be_v thereupon_o execute_v and_o i_o find_v in_o the_o journal_n book_n instance_n thereof_o in_o very_o young_a person_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v much_o leave_v in_o this_o case_n to_o the_o arbitrariness_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o shall_v distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o crime_n as_o fall_v under_o sense_n as_o murder_n and_o such_o as_o principal_o require_v judgement_n as_o blasphemy_n witchcraft_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o last_n hardly_o shall_v minor_n be_v punish_v paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la upon_o their_o own_o confession_n and_o scarce_o after_o they_o confess_v for_o a_o minor_a be_v presume_v to_o have_v no_o solid_a judgement_n though_o a_o minor_a may_v bind_v a_o crime_n upon_o himself_o by_o his_o own_o confession_n and_o may_v be_v thereupon_o condemn_v and_o execute_v yet_o whether_o he_o may_v revoke_v this_o confession_n and_o be_v repone_v against_o the_o same_o because_o of_o his_o minority_n be_v debate_v the_o 28._o of_o february_n 1676._o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o young_a boy_n call_v kennedy_n and_o that_o he_o may_v be_v repone_v be_v urge_v from_o these_o reason_n 1._o a_o minor_n lubricity_n of_o judgement_n may_v prejudge_v he_o as_o much_o in_o criminal_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v repone_v against_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o against_o the_o other_o and_o it_o be_v absurd_a that_o a_o minor_a shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o bind_v himself_o in_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o pound_n scot_n and_o that_o yet_o he_o shall_v by_o his_o confession_n make_v himself_o liable_a to_o death_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o a_o minor_a may_v revoke_v a_o criminal_a confession_n l._n 4._o c._n de_fw-fr authoritat_fw-la prestand_v clar._n quest_n 53._o and_o gomez_n give_v a_o instance_n of_o a_o minor_n be_v repone_v against_o the_o confession_n of_o incest_n 3._o in_o this_o confession_n a_o minor_a may_v have_v much_o more_o easy_o lapse_v into_o a_o fatal_a error_n then_o in_o any_o other_o case_n the_o subject_a matter_n of_o this_o confession_n be_v a_o contrivance_n to_o poison_v by_o droggs_n and_o medicament_n in_o which_o none_o constat_fw-la de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la delicti_fw-la since_o the_o defunct_a may_v have_v die_v of_o another_o disease_n and_o as_o to_o which_o a_o minor_a may_v easy_o have_v be_v mistake_v since_o to_o give_v a_o solid_a judgement_n in_o such_o case_n or_o to_o confess_v what_o relate_v thereto_o requiâ—es_v not_o only_o more_o reason_n but_o more_o skill_n and_o art_n then_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o so_o young_a a_o boy_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o since_o minor_n may_v be_v punishable_a crime_n they_o may_v consequent_o bâ—nd_v a_o guilt_n upon_o themselves_o by_o their_o confession_n for_o if_o the_o law_n do_v not_o consider_v they_o as_o so_o far_o doli_fw-la capaces_fw-la that_o they_o understand_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o crime_n it_o will_v not_o punish_v they_o and_o if_o they_o understand_v the_o nature_n and_o hazard_v of_o a_o crime_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o think_v that_o they_o may_v not_o understand_v their_o hazard_n in_o confess_v it_o since_o in_o commit_v crime_n the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a be_v ordinary_o blind_v with_o passion_n and_o error_n but_o in_o confess_v man_n have_v time_n and_o leisure_n to_o be_v judicious_a and_o serious_a and_o if_o minor_n confession_n can_v not_o tie_v they_o they_o may_v still_o in_o absence_n of_o witness_n commit_v crime_n at_o their_o pleasure_n 2._o lawyer_n as_o well_o as_o reason_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o a_o minor_a can_v be_v restore_v except_o he_o show_v that_o he_o be_v circumveen_v or_o leesed_a by_o his_o confession_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o he_o shall_v confess_v simple_o that_o he_o kill_v a_o man_n but_o shall_v forget_v to_o add_v that_o he_o kill_v he_o in_o self-defence_n or_o shall_v confess_v that_o he_o commit_v incest_n but_o shall_v forget_v to_o add_v that_o he_o be_v ignorant_a that_o the_o person_n with_o who_o he_o commit_v the_o same_o be_v within_o the_o degree_n that_o infer_v incest_n which_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o oddo_n 5._o fortia_fw-la quest_n 23._o num_fw-la 9_o or_o if_o he_o have_v confess_v upon_o the_o promise_n of_o indemnity_n or_o by_o the_o fear_n of_o threaten_n and_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v either_o and_o by_o this_o just_a temprement_n the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o imbicility_n of_o minor_n be_v both_o salve_v and_o therefore_o when_o law_n or_o lawyer_n say_v that_o a_o minor_a may_v be_v restore_v against_o his_o confession_n their_o meaning_n only_o be_v that_o he_o may_v be_v restore_v if_o he_o can_v prove_v his_o error_n and_o mistake_n 3._o this_o be_v a_o confession_n twice_o emit_v and_o adhere_v to_o and_o adminiculate_v by_o the_o confession_n of_o other_o die_a person_n who_o can_v not_o clear_v themselves_o by_o fyl_v he_o there_o can_v no_o doubt_n of_o its_o truth_n remain_v with_o any_o disintere_v person_n this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o i_o conceive_v that_o a_o minor_a can_v be_v restore_v against_o his_o own_o confession_n except_o he_o show_v wherein_o he_o be_v either_o circumveen_v or_o mistake_v and_o if_o a_o person_n past_o 21._o year_n of_o age_n can_v prove_v that_o he_o have_v confess_v what_o be_v not_o true_a he_o ought_v to_o be_v restore_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o man_n who_o he_o confess_v he_o do_v kill_v be_v still_o alive_a in_o which_o sense_n i_o take_v l._n 1._o §_o d._n
post_fw-la condemnationem_fw-la judices_fw-la functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la yet_o all_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o even_o after_o sentence_n criminal_o may_v be_v torture_v for_o know_v who_o be_v the_o complice_n iv._o one_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o minor_n be_v that_o they_o can_v be_v subject_v to_o torture_n lest_o the_o tenderness_n both_o of_o their_o age_n and_o judgement_n make_v they_o fail_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d eclog._n the_o quest_n cap._n 9_o ad_fw-la yet_o l._n 15._o ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n judge_n be_v discharge_v only_o to_o torture_v such_o as_o be_v under_o fourteen_o person_n very_o old_a be_v not_o to_o be_v torture_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n l._n 3._o ff_n ad_fw-la s._n c._n sillan_n which_o be_v by_o some_o extend_v to_o woman_n sick_a person_n and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v eminent_a in_o any_o nation_n for_o learning_n or_o other_o art_n but_o all_o this_o be_v arbitrary_a with_o we_o v._o these_o who_o torture_n if_o the_o person_n torture_v die_v be_v punishable_a as_o murderer_n but_o though_o they_o die_v not_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n they_o be_v punish_v deportatione_fw-la in_o insulam_fw-la or_o by_o banishment_n and_o with_o we_o they_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n title_n xxviii_o of_o remission_n 1._o whether_o he_o who_o use_v a_o remission_n acknowledge_v the_o crime_n 2._o how_o remission_n be_v grant_v 3._o for_o what_o shall_v no_o remission_n be_v grant_v 4._o letter_n of_o slame_n and_o assithment_n when_o necessary_a 5._o person_n condemn_v be_v sometime_o restore_v by_o way_n of_o justice_n when_o the_o judge_n have_v pronounce_v his_o sentence_n he_o be_v functus_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o the_o punishment_n irrogat_fw-la by_o he_o can_v only_o be_v remit_v by_o the_o prince_n though_o the_o council_n may_v moderate_a or_o delay_v it_o the_o party_n condemn_v be_v restore_v either_o by_o way_n of_o grace_n or_o of_o justice_n restitution_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la gratiae_fw-la be_v with_o we_o call_v a_o remission_n i._o remission_n than_o be_v the_o pardon_n of_o the_o crime_n gracious_o allow_v by_o the_o sovereign_n and_o it_o may_v be_v give_v either_o before_o or_o after_o the_o panel_n be_v convict_v if_o it_o be_v give_v before_o conviction_n the_o panel_n by_o make_v use_n of_o it_o do_v per_fw-la fictionem_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n and_o it_o he_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o the_o remission_n be_v null_a and_o will_v not_o stop_v the_o execution_n as_o be_v find_v in_o alexander_n kennedy_n case_n and_o this_o be_v a_o receive_a maxim_n with_o we_o yet_o ex_fw-la sententia_fw-la doctorum_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la fateri_fw-la crimen_fw-la qui_fw-la gratia_fw-la utitur_fw-la alexander_n consil_n 70._o bossius_n de_fw-fr reme_v ex_fw-la clem_v num_fw-la 29._o nec_fw-la potest_fw-la judex_fw-la dicere_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la vult_fw-la ea_fw-la uti_fw-la oportet_fw-la fatearis_fw-la delictum_fw-la alius_fw-la non_fw-la uteris_fw-la yet_o bossius_n tell_v we_o that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o milan_n he_o who_o use_v a_o remission_n must_v acknowledge_v the_o crime_n ibid._n but_o our_o law_n in_o its_o foresay_a maxim_n may_v be_v reconcile_v with_o these_o doctor_n for_o even_o with_o we_o the_o take_v a_o remission_n do_v not_o prove_v the_o crime_n since_o that_o may_v be_v do_v sometime_o rather_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o security_n than_o guilt_n &_o licet_fw-la se_fw-la redimere_fw-la à _fw-la light_fw-la and_o therefore_o braid_n escheat_n as_o a_o adulterer_n be_v not_o declare_v january_n 1662._o by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n there_o be_v no_o probation_n of_o the_o adultery_n but_o the_o adulterer_n take_v a_o remission_n but_o the_o use_v a_o remission_n do_v certain_o prove_v as_o be_v former_o observe_v from_o these_o statute_n this_o remission_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o signatur_fw-la under_o his_o majesty_n hand_n and_o be_v present_v in_o exchequer_n which_o be_v equivalent_a with_o we_o to_o that_o iterinatio_fw-la mention_v by_o perez_n ad_fw-la tit_n de_fw-mi send_v passis_fw-la num_fw-la 16._o clarus_n â—_o fin_fw-fr quest_n 59_o num._n 10._o quae_fw-la est_fw-la approbatio_fw-la senatus_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o causa_fw-la cognition_n versatur_fw-la ne_fw-la impetrentur_fw-la gratiae_fw-la per_fw-la obreptionem_fw-la vel_fw-la subreptionem_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o the_o remission_n be_v grant_v upon_o a_o misrepresentation_n the_o council_n will_v upon_o a_o bill_n stop_v the_o same_o till_o his_o majestis_n further_a pleasure_n be_v know_v as_o they_o do_v in_o murray_n of_o burghtoun_n case_n and_o though_o by_o the_o 13._o act._n 10._o par._n i._n 6._o the_o writer_n of_o such_o signatory_n shall_v subscribe_v his_o name_n upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o signator_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v be_v answerable_a if_o it_o contain_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v unallowable_a yet_o the_o say_a remission_n grant_v to_o burghâ—oun_n be_v sustain_v though_o it_o have_v not_o be_v so_o subscribe_v when_o it_o past_o his_o majesty_n hand_n yet_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v in_o desuetud_n but_o rather_o because_o the_o writer_n do_v thereafter_o subscribe_v jan._n 1666._o and_o these_o remission_n be_v ordain_v to_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o design_n that_o the_o seal_n shall_v be_v a_o check_n upon_o they_o but_o if_o they_o pass_v the_o seal_n they_o can_v be_v recall_v tanquam_fw-la surreptitia_fw-la boss._n ibid._n num_fw-la 36._o for_o say_v he_o they_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v present_v in_o senatu_fw-la ne_fw-la sint_fw-la surreptitia_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la inquiratur_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o four_o i._n 4._o par._n 6._o c._n 62._o that_o the_o remission_n shall_v contain_v the_o great_a crime_n for_o which_o the_o remission_n be_v crave_v and_o if_o the_o great_a crime_n be_v not_o express_v the_o general_a clause_n remit_v all_o crime_n will_v not_o defend_v against_o a_o pursuit_n for_o any_o crime_n that_o be_v great_a than_o the_o crime_n specify_v in_o the_o remission_n suitable_a to_o which_o lawyer_n assert_v that_o qui_fw-la petit_fw-la gratiam_fw-la debet_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la delictum_fw-la exprimere_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o qualitates_fw-la ejus_fw-la aliter_fw-la uti_fw-la subreptitia_fw-la nihil_fw-la valet_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la exprimere_fw-la omne_fw-la delicta_fw-la separaâ—a_fw-la boss._n ibid._n num_fw-la 33._o iii_o remission_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v for_o slaughter_n commit_v premeditat_o or_o by_o fore-thought-fellony_n stat._n dau._n 2._o cap._n 50._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o remission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o homicide_n till_o inquisition_n be_v first_o make_v whether_o the_o slaughter_n be_v commit_v by_o fore-thought-fellony_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o commit_v the_o remission_n shall_v be_v null_a &_o hoc_fw-la concessit_fw-la rex_fw-la as_o the_o text_n say_v this_o be_v confirm_v by_o k._n ja._n 4._o p._n 6._o c._n 63._o which_o act_n be_v declare_v to_o endure_v till_o his_o majesty_n recall_v the_o same_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v repute_v a_o temporary_a act_n and_o notwithstanding_o thereof_o remission_n be_v ordinary_o pass_v for_o murder_n as_o in_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n remission_n 1668._o against_o which_o this_o be_v object_v but_o repel_v yet_o in_o flanders_n and_o other_o place_n this_o law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n no_o remission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o burn_v of_o corn_n in_o stack_n or_o barn_n act._n 18._o p._n 7._o i._o 5._o which_o act_n be_v not_o temporary_a and_o yet_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a remission_n all_o remission_n shall_v be_v compon_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o thesaurer_n regâ—strat_n in_o his_o book_n i._n 6._o p._n 13._o c._n 169._o albeâ—t_v his_o majesty_n may_v remit_v what_o injury_n be_v comit_v against_o he_o yet_o he_o can_v prejudge_v thereby_o the_o interest_n of_o three_o party_n this_o satisfaction_n be_v by_o the_o civilian_n call_v reparatio_fw-la damnorum_fw-la by_o we_o a_o assithment_n and_o the_o obtainer_n of_o the_o remission_n must_v find_v caution_n to_o refound_v the_o party_n injure_v of_o all_o his_o damnage_n and_o interest_n within_o forty_o day_n after_o he_o produce_v his_o remission_n else_o his_o remission_n be_v null_a act_n 75._o p._n 14._o i._o 2._o act._n 136._o p._n 8._o i._o 6._o &_o act._n 154._o p._n 12._o i._o 6._o but_o these_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a but_o by_o the_o act_n 174._o p._n 13._o i._o 6._o remission_n grant_v to_o any_o person_n pass_v to_o the_o horn_n for_o theft_n rief_n slaughter_n burn_v or_o heirship_n be_v declare_v null_n if_o the_o party_n laese_v be_v not_o first_o satisfy_v and_o albeit_o it_o will_v seem_v by_o this_o act_n that_o assithment_n subsequent_a to_o the_o remission_n be_v not_o sufficient_a yet_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o act_n be_v that_o the_o remission_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o avail_n till_o the_o party_n laese_v be_v satisfy_v notwithstanding_o of_o these_o act_n it_o be_v de_fw-fr practica_fw-la very_o
be_v liable_a ex_fw-la sindi_fw-la catu_fw-la and_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o exceed_v his_o power_n but_o the_o party_n be_v free_a by_o his_o sentence_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n have_v absolve_v he_o though_o injust_o he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v pursue_v again_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o sheriff_n absolve_v from_o a_o great_a punishment_n then_o that_o which_o the_o law_n appoint_v nam_fw-la qui_fw-la potest_fw-la majus_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o minus_fw-la iv._o some_o lawyer_n declare_v all_o criminal_a sentence_n pronunce_v in_o the_o night_n time_n to_o be_v null_a but_o other_o declare_v that_o custom_n have_v allow_v they_o and_o though_o some_o allow_v inferior_a judge_n to_o proceed_v in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o not_o supreme_a judge_n alber._n ad_fw-la l._n non_fw-la minorem_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr transact_v and_o some_o allow_v delegat_v judge_n to_o pronunce_v their_o sentence_n in_o the_o night_n but_o not_o ordinary_a judge_n because_o the_o diet_n of_o a_o ordinary_a judge_n be_v fix_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o predecessor_n whereas_o a_o delegâ—t_a judge_n be_v tie_v to_o no_o time_n nor_o place_n except_o he_o be_v tie_v to_o it_o by_o his_o commission_n castren_n ad_fw-la d._n l._n minorem_fw-la num_fw-la 4._o yet_o i_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o define_v that_o albeit_o regular_o a_o judge_n ought_v to_o proceed_v in_o open_a day_n to_o sentence_v criminal_o yet_o he_o may_v pronunce_v sentence_n lawful_o in_o the_o night_n time_n in_o these_o case_n 1._o if_o the_o case_n require_v haste_n as_o in_o mutiny_n and_o conspiracy_n fall_v oft_o out_o 2._o if_o the_o crime_n be_v so_o abominable_a that_o the_o prince_n or_o judge_n be_v unwilling_a that_o the_o people_n shall_v know_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o crime_n commit_v as_o be_v do_v twice_o by_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 6._o by_o his_o own_o special_a recommendation_n and_o then_o all_o the_o process_n sentence_n and_o execution_n be_v at_o midnight_n 3._o if_o there_o be_v just_a ground_n to_o suspect_v that_o force_n will_v be_v use_v for_o rescue_v the_o panel_n 4._o some_o add_v that_o if_o the_o judge_n be_v so_o busy_a that_o he_o can_v proceed_v in_o the_o day_n time_n he_o may_v proceed_v in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o this_o seem_v hard_a vid._n cab._n res_fw-la crimin_fw-fr case_z 218._o v._o though_o a_o formal_a trial_n by_o a_o process_n and_o assize_n be_v the_o regular_a form_n of_o trial_n yet_o in_o case_n of_o lesser_a consequence_n the_o justice_n and_o other_o criminal_a judge_n punish_v malefactor_n in_o lesser_a crime_n sine_fw-la strepitu_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la judicii_fw-la sumarly_a by_o ordain_v they_o to_o be_v scourge_v or_o banish_v instance_n whereof_o be_v give_v in_o the_o title_n of_o murder_n and_o witchcraft_n and_o the_o justice_n allow_v this_o custom_n in_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o edinburgh_n which_o as_o it_o be_v conform_v to_o reason_n so_o be_v warrant_v per._n l._n 2._o §_o 51._o publico_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr adulter_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n the_o abol_n l._n levia_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr accusat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o durhie_n observe_v that_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o sheriff_n and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n can_v not_o fine_a in_o bloodwite_n for_o above_o ten_o pound_n without_o a_o inquest_n yet_o now_o sheriff_n fine_a and_o imprison_v for_o all_o bloodwite_n and_o lesser_a delict_n upon_o probation_n lead_v before_o themselves_o without_o a_o inquest_n vi_o within_o what_o time_n a_o criminal_a sentence_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o execution_n be_v not_o general_o determine_v and_o the_o learned_a matheus_n have_v show_v much_o read_n in_o this_o point_n yet_o i_o may_v beg_v leave_n to_o use_v some_o liberty_n be_v now_o so_o near_o the_o end_n of_o this_o treatise_n to_o show_v what_o may_v be_v add_v to_o his_o learned_a observation_n from_o which_o i_o have_v hitherto_o abstain_v because_o my_o design_n be_v rather_o to_o inform_v other_o then_o to_o raise_v in_o they_o any_o esteem_n for_o i_o by_o l._n 5._o c._n the_o custod_a reor_fw-la it_o be_v ordain_v that_o convictos_fw-la velox_fw-la paena_fw-la subducat_fw-la but_o l._n 20._o c._n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la it_o be_v say_v nollumus_fw-la statim_fw-la eos_fw-la aut_fw-la subire_fw-la paenam_fw-la aut_fw-la excipere_fw-la sententiam_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la triginta_fw-la dies_fw-la super_fw-la statu_fw-la eorum_fw-la sor_n &_o fortuna_fw-la suspensa_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o reconcile_a which_o law_n cujac_n think_v that_o general_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v present_o inflict_v and_o that_o thirty_o day_n be_v only_o to_o be_v allow_v where_o the_o prince_n himself_o have_v impose_v a_o severe_a sentence_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v allow_v by_o that_o learned_a greek_a scoliast_n thalalaeus_fw-la si_fw-la princeps_fw-la statucrit_fw-fr paenam_fw-la in_o aliquens_fw-la non_fw-la statim_fw-la punitur_fw-la sed_fw-la dierum_fw-la triginta_fw-la dilatio_fw-la datur_fw-la forte_fw-fr enim_fw-la princeps_fw-la interim_n paenam_fw-la revocabit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o l._n 19_o basil._n the_o custod_a reor_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la conuâ—ctus_fw-la non_fw-la statim_fw-la paenam_fw-la pendere_fw-la sed_fw-la rursus_fw-la conjici_fw-la in_o custodiam_fw-la iterumque_fw-la eductum_fw-la audiri_fw-la nam_fw-la haec_fw-la dilatio_fw-la iram_fw-la judicum_fw-la moderatiorem_fw-la reddit_fw-la yet_o by_o the_o word_n convictus_fw-la there_o be_v not_o mean_v the_o last_o sentence_n but_o the_o be_v so_o convict_v that_o he_o may_v be_v put_v in_o iron_n which_o be_v not_o allow_v till_o the_o prisoner_n be_v think_v guilty_a be_v by_o the_o judge_n as_o thalalaeus_fw-la excellent_o observe_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o former_a l._n 5._o do_v not_o ordain_v that_o the_o sentence_n shall_v be_v present_o put_v to_o execution_n but_o that_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v present_o try_v for_o the_o word_n be_v de_z his_o quos_fw-la tenet_fw-la carcer_fw-la inclusos_fw-la sancimus_fw-la ut_fw-la aut_fw-la convictos_fw-la velox_fw-la paena_fw-la subducat_fw-la aut_fw-la liberandos_fw-la custodia_fw-la diuturna_fw-la non_fw-la maceret_fw-la and_o therefore_o that_o law_n proceed_v to_o ordain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o delinquent_n to_o be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o juâ—ge_n within_o thirty_o day_n and_o the_o basilick_v translate_v this_o law_n thus_o ne_fw-la diu_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la comprehensus_fw-la est_fw-la mancat_fw-la in_o custodia_fw-la opportet_fw-la enim_fw-la eum_fw-la cito_fw-la absolvi_fw-la vel_fw-la puniri_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o allow_v their_o thirty_o day_n be_v because_o theodosius_n have_v execute_v many_o inhabitant_n of_o thessalonica_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o passion_n and_o for_o raise_v of_o a_o slight_a tumult_n he_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o this_o frailty_n that_o at_o st._n ambrose_n desire_v he_o do_v endeavour_v to_o bridle_v that_o rage_n in_o succeed_a prince_n which_o he_o do_v then_o so_o abominat_fw-la in_o himself_o euseb._n eccles._n hist._n lib._n 11._o cap._n 18._o and_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o this_o same_o law_n indulge_v thirty_o day_n have_v be_v much_o old_a as_o appear_v by_o quintilian_n declamatione_fw-la de_fw-la falso_fw-la caedis_fw-la damnato_fw-la the_o word_n be_v &_o mihi_fw-la videtur_fw-la ideo_fw-la constituta_fw-la esse_fw-la lex_fw-la quae_fw-la damnatum_fw-la post_fw-la tricesimum_fw-la diem_fw-la puniri_fw-la voluit_fw-la quia_fw-la modo_fw-la videbat_fw-la legumlator_fw-la possi_a fieri_fw-la ut_fw-la deciperetur_fw-la accusator_fw-la modo_fw-la ut_fw-la calumniaretur_fw-la and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o a_o present_a execution_n be_v convenient_a because_o that_o prevent_v the_o prisoner_n escape_v by_o tumult_n or_o kill_v himself_o and_o that_o the_o more_o speedy_a the_o execution_n be_v the_o justice_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a and_o can_v be_v the_o less_o interrupt_v by_o appeal_n and_o intercession_n yet_o certain_o a_o christian_a magistrate_n shall_v allow_v sometime_o to_o the_o malefactor_n for_o set_v his_o soul_n and_o house_n in_o order_n lest_o he_o else_o by_o his_o precipitancy_n destroy_v the_o soul_n with_o the_o body_n and_o punish_v the_o innocent_a posterity_n with_o the_o guilty_a panel_n who_o get_v not_o this_o time_n to_o settle_v his_o affair_n and_o it_o have_v be_v oft_o find_v that_o person_n thus_o too_o hasty_o execute_v have_v be_v thereafter_o find_v innocent_a great_a example_n whereof_o be_v set_v down_o by_o valer._n max._n lib._n 9_o de_fw-la temeritate_fw-la and_o seneca_n de_fw-fr jra_fw-fr lib._n 1._o it_o be_v likewise_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n that_o he_o may_v have_v time_n to_o interpose_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n tiberius_n be_v offend_v at_o the_o senate_n too_o speedy_a execute_v caius_n lutorius_n order_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v execute_v within_o ten_o day_n after_o the_o sentence_n dion_n in_o tiber._n lib._n 57_o vid._n sidon_n epist._n 7._o lib._n 1._o by_o this_o delay_n likewise_o the_o person_n convict_v have_v ofttimes_o be_v induce_v to_o
discover_v their_o complice_n and_o to_o confess_v the_o crime_n which_o other_o have_v deny_v in_o a_o rage_n or_o confusion_n occasion_v by_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o respite_n with_o we_o a_o sentence_n may_v be_v present_o put_v to_o execution_n and_o the_o judge_n be_v confine_v by_o nothing_o but_o by_o his_o own_o discretion_n yet_o where_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v inflict_v either_o the_o panel_n be_v return_v to_o prison_n till_o he_o pay_v his_o fine_a or_o the_o act_n of_o adjournal_n bear_v ordinary_o that_o payment_n shall_v be_v make_v within_o six_o day_n and_o though_o baron_n can_v poynd_v in_o civil_a case_n upon_o less_o than_o fifteen_o day_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o they_o may_v present_o poynd_v sine_fw-la ullisindiciis_fw-la legalibus_fw-la upon_o criminal_a sentence_n vii_o sentence_n be_v execute_v of_o old_a among_o the_o roman_n either_o by_o the_o common_a executioner_n or_o by_o soldier_n l._n 7._o c._n the_o cohort_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v clear_o to_o be_v see_v in_o our_o saviour_n passion_n and_o these_o soldier_n be_v call_v optiones_fw-la &_o speculatores_fw-la l._n 6._o ff_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr damnat_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o rather_o think_v that_o the_o soldier_n be_v only_a guard_n and_o never_o executioner_n and_o be_v call_v speculatores_fw-la because_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o oversee_v the_o execution_n and_o to_o restrain_v tumult_n especial_o see_v common_a executioner_n be_v so_o infamous_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v advance_v ever_o thereafter_o to_o any_o sacred_a order_n c._n clericum_fw-la distinct_a 50._o and_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v the_o executioner_n of_o st._n johnstoun_n repel_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n from_o be_v a_o witness_n that_o the_o justice_n may_v force_v any_o of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o a_o town_n to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o executioner_n if_o they_o want_v one_o be_v i_o think_v without_o all_o warrant_n see_v officium_fw-la nemini_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la damnosum_fw-la and_o no_o man_n will_v be_v a_o magistrate_n if_o that_o be_v allow_v but_o i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n may_v be_v fine_v for_o negligence_n if_o they_o omit_v to_o appoint_v one_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n can_v force_v any_o mean_a person_n who_o lead_v a_o honest_a life_n to_o be_v a_o executioner_n albeit_o clar._n §_o fin._n quest_n 99_o num_fw-la 4._o and_o gomes_n lib._n 3._o cap._n ult_n num_fw-la 5._o do_v assert_v that_o the_o judge_n may_v force_v any_o ex_fw-la infima_fw-la plebe_fw-la to_o officiat_fw-la in_o that_o employment_n and_o yet_o their_o opinion_n agree_v with_o our_o custom_n the_o executioner_n have_v right_a to_o the_o clothes_n pannicularia_fw-la of_o the_o person_n execute_v by_o our_o custom_n and_o per._n l._n d._n hadrianus_n ff_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr dam._n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o body_n of_o the_o person_n execute_v can_v not_o of_o old_a be_v bury_v without_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o prince_n ff_n de_fw-mi cadav_fw-mi punitor_n which_o be_v antiquate_v per._n l._n obnoxius_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr relig_n &_o sumpt_n fun_n and_o by_o our_o custom_n wherein_o the_o person_n execute_v may_v be_v bury_v in_o all_o case_n though_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o person_n condemn_v for_o treason_n can_v assist_v on_o the_o scaffold_n or_o wear_v mourning_n by_o our_o custom_n except_o the_o council_n give_v express_v consent_n viii_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v absent_a then_o upon_o a_o act_n of_o adjournal_n he_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v rebel_n or_o outlaw_v as_o the_o english_a and_o our_o old_a statute_n call_v it_o and_o though_o if_o the_o punishment_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o fine_a be_v for_o his_o majesty_n use_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n can_v only_o write_v the_o letter_n yet_o if_o the_o fine_a be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o any_o private_a person_n any_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n may_v write_v the_o letter_n and_o though_o the_o 126._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o appoint_v that_o all_o criminal_a letter_n shall_v not_o be_v registrat_n as_o other_o letter_n but_o return_v to_o the_o adjournal_n yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la such_o horning_n be_v sometime_o registrat_n in_o the_o ordinary_a register_n of_o horning_n likea_n albeit_o the_o escheat_n of_o he_o who_o be_v denunce_v can_v fall_v upon_o a_o denounciation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n though_o caption_n may_v be_v raise_v upon_o such_o a_o execution_n yet_o criminal_a letter_n may_v be_v execute_v at_o edinburgh_n or_o any_o mercat_n cross_n where_o the_o justice_n court_n do_v sit_v in_o which_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v act_n 140._o parl._n 8._o k._n ja._n 6._o upon_o production_n of_o the_o regâ—strat_n hoâ—ning_n letter_n of_o intercommune_v be_v grant_v upon_o a_o common_a bill_n pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n by_o which_o all_o the_o liege_n be_v discharge_v to_o intercommune_v with_o the_o rebel_n which_o must_v be_v execute_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o respective_a shire_n and_o registrat_n there_o or_o in_o the_o general_a register_n upon_o the_o denunciation_n immediate_o the_o single_a escheat_n fall_v and_o after_o remain_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o year_n and_o day_n the_o life-rent_a escheat_n fall_v which_o custom_n we_o have_v borrow_v from_o saxony_n with_o most_o of_o our_o other_o form_n for_o with_o they_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la fugitivus_fw-la in_o primum_fw-la sive_fw-la simplex_fw-la bannum_fw-la sit_fw-la declaratus_fw-la nec_fw-la intra_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la se_fw-la purgaverit_fw-la sed_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la prorogare_fw-la passus_fw-la sit_fw-la in_fw-la bannum_fw-la superuis_fw-la incidit_fw-la vid._n carpz_n pract_n crim_n part_n 3._o quest_n 140._o num_fw-la 80._o from_o who_o also_o we_o have_v our_o stile_n of_o declare_v escheat_n upon_o the_o registrat_n horning_n caption_n be_v raise_v and_o if_o the_o messenger_n be_v deforce_v in_o the_o execution_n thereof_o then_o the_o council_n grant_v commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n which_o be_v but_o a_o caption_n for_o inbr_v the_o malefactor_n who_o resist_v the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n may_v be_v grant_v though_o the_o malefactor_n have_v not_o deforce_v if_o it_o be_v not_o our_o that_o the_o malefactor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reduce_v in_o the_o ordinar_n way_n for_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o expose_v his_o majesty_n law_n to_o contempt_n and_o his_o officer_n to_o certain_a hazard_n as_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o person_n be_v denounce_v fugitive_n for_o deforce_v messenger_n or_o have_v convocat_n loose_a man_n and_o life_n in_o open_a rapine_n it_o be_v against_o sense_n that_o a_o new_a deforcement_n be_v necessary_a but_o their_o commission_n be_v never_o grant_v but_o in_o criminal_a case_n and_o yet_o i_o remember_v that_o one_o be_v grant_v to_o mackintosh_n against_o lochiel_n after_o that_o mackintosh_n have_v obtain_v decreet_n of_o remove_a and_o have_v raise_v letter_n of_o ejection_n but_o the_o sheriff_n have_v declare_v that_o he_o dare_v not_o eject_v for_o the_o council_n think_v ti_fw-mi not_o just_a to_o expose_v the_o sheriff_n to_o certain_a hazard_n and_o yet_o the_o ordinar_n course_n be_v that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v offer_v to_o eject_v and_o if_o he_o be_v deforce_v than_o the_o case_n become_v criminal_a and_o some_o think_v that_o the_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o that_o case_n without_o a_o sentence_n ensue_v on_o it_o and_o that_o the_o deforcer_n be_v registrat_n at_o the_o horn_n thereupon_o but_o other_o think_v that_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n letter_n of_o second_o caption_n be_v grant_v where_o the_o first_o caption_n can_v take_v effect_n so_o in_o case_n of_o extraordinar_a opposition_n to_o authority_n letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v grant_v upon_o a_o mere_a execution_n that_o the_o ordinar_n course_n of_o law_n can_v take_v effect_n ix_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o judge_n ought_v to_o do_v if_o after_o sentence_n the_o innocence_n of_o the_o person_n condemn_v shall_v be_v convince_o clear_v in_o which_o case_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n can_v rescind_v his_o own_o sentence_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 56._o basil._n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la but_o he_o ought_v to_o acquaint_v the_o council_n and_o they_o may_v intercede_v for_o his_o remission_n l._n 27._o de_fw-la paen_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n the_o council_n may_v prorogat_v also_o the_o diet_n appoint_v for_o execution_n but_o i_o think_v the_o justice_n and_o much_o less_o inferior_a judge_n can_v prorogat_n diet_n appoint_v for_o execution_n even_o by_o themselves_o since_o they_o be_v functi_fw-la by_o the_o pronounce_v of_o the_o doom_n though_o some_o ignorant_a judge_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la prorogat_fw-la execution_n and_o as_o they_o can_v even_o before_o sentence_n remit_v so_o neither_o can_v they_o prorogat_v for_o any_o long_a time_n for_o else_o prorogation_n may_v be_v lengthen_v so_o as_o to_o become_v remission_n upon_o the_o the_o matter_n the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o doubt_n viz._n whether_o a_o person_n once_o absolve_v may_v be_v thereafter_o pursue_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n be_v more_o intricat_a but_o may_v be_v somewhat_o clear_v by_o these_o position_n 1._o the_o same_o party_n can_v upon_o new_a probation_n much_o less_o upon_o the_o old_a probation_n accuse_v a_o person_n once_o assoilzy_v by_o a_o assize_n though_o he_o may_v accuse_v the_o assize_n who_o assoilzy_v he_o of_o wilful_a error_n and_o that_o even_o though_o he_o shall_v thereafter_o willing_o confess_v the_o crime_n for_o which_o he_o be_v former_o accuse_v though_o farin_n quest_n 4._o num_fw-la 43._o think_v that_o he_o may_v be_v again_o pursue_v and_o i_o shall_v think_v that_o confession_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o madness_n to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o criminal_a sentence_n 2._o though_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v yet_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n can_v again_o pursue_v upon_o the_o pretence_n of_o res_fw-la inter_fw-la alius_fw-la acta_fw-la for_o that_o be_v to_o keep_v people_n in_o a_o constant_a suspense_n 3._o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v collude_v with_o the_o defender_n so_o that_o the_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v by_o a_o white_a assize_n in_o abstract_v the_o necessary_a probation_n i_o think_v in_o that_o case_n his_o own_o fraud_n shall_v not_o secure_v he_o reg._n maj._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 28._o si_fw-la per_fw-la calumniam_fw-la procedat_fw-la vid._n cap._n 2._o de_fw-la collus_fw-la de_fw-fr teg_n but_o though_o the_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v by_o collusion_n betwixt_o the_o defender_n friend_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o i_o think_v the_o defender_n can_v again_o be_v reconveen_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n since_o he_o be_v innocent_a though_o the_o collusion_n be_v advantageous_a to_o he_o x._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o offender_n all_o punishment_n cease_v except_o in_o treason_n &_o crimine_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la or_o missimployment_n of_o public_a money_n in_o caeteris_fw-la vero_fw-la criminibus_fw-la ita_fw-la demum_fw-la pro_fw-la delictis_fw-la paena_fw-la ab_fw-la haerede_fw-la incipere_fw-la potest_fw-la si_fw-la vivo_fw-la reo_fw-la accusatio_fw-la mota_fw-la est_fw-la l._n ex_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr accus_fw-la so_o that_o by_o that_o law_n if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a against_o the_o father_n it_o may_v have_v continue_v against_o the_o son_n to_o infer_v a_o pecunial_a mulct_n but_o this_o last_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o among_o who_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v lead_v in_o absence_n except_o in_o treason_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n may_v be_v sustain_v for_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o expense_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n even_o against_o the_o malefactor_n heir_n as_o be_v also_o decide_v by_o the_o senate_n of_o savoy_n cod._n fab._n tit_n de_fw-fr accusat_fw-la def_n 15._o finis_fw-la
punishable_a 9_o malefice_n where_o there_o be_v no_o conection_n betwixt_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n 10._o the_o use_v magic_a art_n for_o good_a end_n how_o punishable_a 11._o consult_v with_o witch_n how_o punish_v 12._o what_o the_o be_v defame_v by_o the_o witch_n import_v 13._o a_o witch_n confession_n not_o punishable_a except_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v possible_a &_o de_fw-fr succubis_fw-la &_o incubis_fw-la 14._o whether_o the_o transportation_n confess_v be_v real_a and_o though_o real_a whether_o punishable_a 15._o whether_o a_o witch_n can_v cause_v any_o person_n be_v possess_v 16._o whether_o penetration_n be_v possible_a 17._o whether_o transformation_n be_v possible_a 18._o whether_o he_o can_v make_v bruit_n to_o speak_v or_o raise_v storm_n 19_o whether_o witch_n may_v transfer_v disease_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o seek_v their_o help_n for_o this_o 20._o whether_o witch_n may_v kill_v by_o their_o look_n 21._o whether_o they_o can_v procure_v love_n by_o their_o potion_n 22._o how_o they_o torment_v man_n by_o their_o image_n 23._o whether_o confession_n before_o kirk_n session_n be_v relevant_a 24._o who_o can_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n 25._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o 26._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o there_o be_v witch_n divine_n can_v doubt_v since_o the_o word_n of_o god_n have_v ordain_v that_o no_o witch_n shall_v live_v nor_o lawyer_n in_o scotland_n see_v our_o law_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o though_o many_o lawyer_n in_o holland_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v think_v that_o albeit_o there_o be_v witch_n under_o the_o law_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o under_o the_o gospel_n the_o devil_n power_n have_v cease_v as_o to_o these_o as_o well_o as_o in_o his_o give_a response_n by_o oracle_n i._o wierus_n that_o great_a patron_n of_o witchcraft_n endeavour_n to_o maintain_v his_o opinion_n by_o these_o argument_n 1._o that_o such_o as_o be_v accuse_v of_o witchcraft_n be_v ordinary_o silly_a old_a woman_n who_o age_n and_o sex_n dispose_v they_o to_o melancholy_a and_o who_o melancholy_a dispose_v they_o to_o a_o madness_n which_o shall_v render_v their_o confession_n very_o suspect_v and_o in_o this_o crime_n there_o be_v seldom_o other_o prove_v whereas_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v so_o horrid_a that_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v any_o reasonable_a creature_n will_v commit_v they_o 2._o god_n can_v only_o work_v the_o miracle_n ascribe_v to_o witch_n he_o who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v only_o able_a to_o alter_v or_o divert_v its_o course_n and_o the_o devil_n do_v but_o delude_v the_o fancy_n of_o poor_a creature_n as_o fever_n and_o melancholy_a misrepresent_v object_n nor_o be_v such_o as_o be_v cheat_v in_o the_o one_o more_o guilty_a than_o they_o who_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o other_o and_o it_o be_v severe_a to_o burn_v man_n and_o woman_n for_o do_v that_o which_o be_v conclude_v impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o 3._o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o do_v ill_o by_o charm_n except_o it_o can_v be_v first_o prove_v that_o these_o charm_n produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a and_o lawyer_n shall_v argue_v thus_o those_o who_o kill_v or_o hurt_v man_n or_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o witch_n and_o charmer_n kill_v man_n and_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n and_o therefore_o charmer_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n off_o which_o syllogism_n wierus_n deny_v the_o minor_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o verse_n cross_n or_o lay_v flesh_n in_o the_o threshold_n etc._n etc._n can_v destroy_v man_n or_o beast_n these_o be_v cause_n very_o disproportionable_a to_o such_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o these_o case_n 4._o these_o who_o execute_v the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v not_o punishable_a for_o that_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o so_o can_v be_v their_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o whatever_o the_o devil_n or_o witch_n do_v be_v decree_v by_o god_n either_o for_o trial_n or_o punishment_n express_o and_o without_o his_o permission_n nothing_o can_v be_v do_v and_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v not_o act_v here_o by_o obedience_n or_o be_v at_o liberty_n he_o will_v not_o leave_v any_o one_o man_n undestroy_v or_o any_o of_o god_n work_v undefaced_a but_o that_o there_o be_v witch_n and_o that_o they_o be_v punishable_a capital_o not_o only_a when_o they_o poison_v or_o murder_n but_o even_o for_o enchant_v and_o delude_v the_o world_n be_v clear_a by_o a_o express_a text_n exod._n 22._o vers._n 18._o thou_o shall_v not_o suffer_v a_o witch_n to_o live_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o same_o word_n which_o express_v a_o witch_n here_o be_v that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o exod._n 7._o to_o express_v those_o magician_n who_o delude_v only_o the_o people_n by_o transform_v a_o rod_n into_o a_o serpent_n as_o moses_n have_v do_v though_o no_o person_n be_v prejudge_v by_o their_o cheat_n and_o illusion_n likeas_n leu._n 29._o and_o 27._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n that_o have_v a_o familiar_a spirit_n or_o that_o be_v a_o wizard_n shall_v sure_o be_v put_v to_o death_n they_o shall_v stone_n they_o with_o stone_n their_o blood_n shall_v be_v upon_o they_o which_o law_n be_v in_o such_o observation_n among_o the_o jew_n that_o the_o witch_n of_o endor_n 1_o sam._n 28._o be_v afraid_a to_o use_v her_o sorcery_n before_o the_o king_n because_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v off_o those_o who_o have_v familiar_a spirit_n and_o wizard_n out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o great_a indignation_n do_v the_o eternal_a god_n bear_v to_o this_o sin_n that_o he_o do_v destroy_v the_o ten_o tribe_n of_o israel_n because_o they_o be_v addict_v to_o it_o not_o be_v the_o jew_n only_a enemy_n to_o this_o vice_n but_o even_o the_o henthen_n follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n punish_v witch_n as_o enemy_n to_o the_o author_n of_o it_o for_o the_o persian_n dash_v their_o head_n against_o stone_n as_o mince_v observe_v ad_fw-la §_o item_n lex_fw-la cornelia_n inst_n de_fw-fr pub_fw-la jud_v and_o tacitus_n lib._n 2._o annal._n tell_v we_o that_o publius_n marcius_n and_o pituanus_fw-la be_v execute_v for_o this_o crime_n for_o which_o likewise_o valerius_n maximus_n lib._n 6._o eap_n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o publicia_n and_o lucinia_n be_v with_o threescore_o and_o ten_o other_o roman_n hang_v but_o since_o it_o be_v express_o condemn_v in_o scripture_n and_o by_o many_o general_a council_n such_o as_o aurelian_a toledan_a and_o anaciritan_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o debate_v what_o the_o law_n have_v express_o condemn_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o we_o shall_v deny_v witch_n we_o must_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o history_n ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a and_o plutarch_n lib._n 5._o sumps_n cap._n 7._o observe_n quodammodo_fw-la philosophiam_fw-la tollunt_fw-la qui_fw-la rebus_fw-la mirabilibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la opportet_fw-la autem_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la aliquid_fw-la fiat_fw-la ratione_fw-la tractare_fw-la quod_fw-la vero_fw-la id_fw-la fiat_fw-la ex_fw-la ratione_fw-la est_fw-la sumendum_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o devil_n have_v the_o power_n and_o will_v to_o prejudge_v man_n can_v but_o be_v ready_a to_o execute_v all_o that_o be_v in_o witchcraft_n and_o it_o be_v as_o credible_a that_o god_n will_v suffer_v man_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o this_o mean_n that_o there_o be_v spirit_n and_o that_o by_o their_o mean_n he_o will_v give_v continue_v proof_n of_o his_o power_n in_o repress_v the_o devil_n and_o of_o the_o necessity_n that_o silly_a man_n have_v of_o depend_v upon_o his_o infinite_a power_n to_o the_o former_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o all_o sin_n and_o vice_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o delusion_n nor_o be_v witch_n more_o delude_v by_o melancholy_a than_o murderer_n be_v by_o rage_n or_o revenge_n and_o though_o it_o have_v never_o be_v see_v that_o person_n natural_o mad_a have_v be_v either_o guilty_a of_o or_o punish_v for_o this_o crime_n the_o devil_n design_v in_o this_o crime_n to_o gain_v only_o such_o as_o can_v damn_v themselves_o by_o give_v a_o free_a consent_n yet_o if_o madness_n can_v be_v prove_v or_o do_v appear_v it_o will_v certain_o defend_v both_o against_o the_o guilt_n and_o punishment_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o series_n of_o clear_a circumstance_n shall_v concur_v before_o a_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o secure_v the_o panel_n and_o satisfy_v the_o judge_n full_o in_o the_o quaerie_n but_o since_o daily_a experience_n convince_v the_o world_n that_o there_o
may_v be_v such_o a_o crime_n and_o that_o the_o law_n exact_v either_o confession_n or_o clear_a proof_n who_o can_v condemn_v the_o law_n as_o rigorous_a in_o this_o case_n since_o without_o believe_v these_o there_o can_v be_v no_o justice_n administrat_fw-la and_o whilst_o judge_n shun_v to_o punish_v it_o in_o some_o case_n they_o behove_v to_o suffer_v it_o from_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o go_v unpunished_a in_o all_o case_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o neither_o the_o devil_n nor_o witch_n can_v work_v miracle_n yet_o the_o offering_n to_o cheat_v the_o world_n by_o a_o commerce_n with_o the_o devil_n and_o the_o very_o believe_v that_o the_o devil_n be_v able_a to_o do_v such_o thing_n for_o they_o shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a crime_n but_o much_o more_o when_o they_o believe_v all_o those_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o themselves_o they_o give_v their_o own_o express_a consent_n to_o the_o crime_n and_o concur_v by_o all_o that_o in_o they_o be_v to_o the_o commission_n of_o it_o likeas_n it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o the_o devil_n know_v all_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v apply_v active_n to_o passive_n that_o be_v unknown_a to_o we_o produce_v real_a effect_n which_o seem_v impossible_a to_o the_o three_o though_o charm_n be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a in_o witch_n yet_o since_o these_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v without_o the_o devil_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o employ_v himself_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o any_o who_o have_v not_o resign_v themselves_o whole_o to_o he_o it_o be_v very_o just_a that_o the_o user_n of_o these_o shall_v be_v punish_v be_v guilty_a at_o least_o of_o apostasy_n and_o heresy_n the_o four_o argument_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a and_o silly_a sophism_n for_o though_o god_n in_o his_o providence_n permit_v at_o least_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v to_o be_v do_v yet_o such_o as_o contemn_v either_o the_o command_n of_o he_o or_o his_o vicegerent_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v some_o secret_n in_o nature_n which_o will_v have_v be_v look_v upon_o in_o the_o first_o author_n as_o the_o effect_n of_o magic_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o in_o the_o dull_a nation_n a_o philosopher_n draw_v iron_n with_o a_o loadstone_n may_v have_v run_v a_o great_a risque_fw-la of_o be_v burn_v and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o give_v a_o judgement_n of_o naudeus_n learned_a book_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o persian_a magician_n the_o assyrian_a chaldean_n the_o indian_a gymnosophist_n and_o the_o druid_n of_o the_o gaul_n for_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o many_o true_a mathematician_n and_o physician_n have_v pass_v for_o magician_n in_o the_o dull_a age_n of_o the_o world_n but_o as_o to_o this_o there_o be_v now_o no_o fear_n since_o learning_n have_v sufficient_o illuminat_fw-la the_o world_n so_o as_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o these_o two_o but_o i_o be_o still_o jealous_a of_o those_o sage_n who_o be_v frequent_v by_o familiar_a spirit_n though_o they_o be_v otherwise_o very_o excellent_a man_n such_o as_o porphir_n jamblicus_n plotin_n and_o other_o who_o pretend_v by_o the_o purity_n of_o their_o life_n to_o be_v so_o spiritual_a as_o to_o deserve_v the_o friendship_n of_o spirit_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o primitive_a father_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n have_v testify_v against_o such_o as_o mere_a magician_n it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a how_o those_o spirit_n which_o frequent_v they_o can_v be_v good_a since_o they_o be_v tempt_v to_o fall_v from_o the_o true_a religion_n to_o paganism_n and_o do_v offer_v such_o sacrifice_n as_o the_o true_a god_n do_v never_o allow_v and_o if_o such_o imposture_n be_v allow_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o any_o to_o defend_v themselves_o be_v true_o witch_n ii_o albeit_o witchcraft_n be_v the_o great_a of_o crime_n since_o it_o include_v in_o it_o the_o gross_a of_o heresy_n and_o blasphemy_n and_o treason_n against_o god_n in_o prefer_v to_o the_o almighty_a his_o rebel_n and_o enemy_n and_o in_o think_v the_o devil_n worthy_a of_o be_v serve_v and_o reverence_v and_o be_v accompany_v with_o murder_n poison_v bestiality_n and_o other_o horrid_a crime_n yet_o i_o conclude_v only_o from_o this_o that_o when_o witch_n be_v find_v guilty_a they_o shall_v be_v most_o severe_o punish_v not_o with_o scourge_v and_o banishment_n as_o the_o custom_n of_o savoy_n be_v relate_v to_o be_v by_o gothofred_n hoc_fw-la tit_n but_o by_o the_o most_o ignominious_a of_o death_n yet_o from_o the_o horridness_n of_o this_o crime_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o of_o all_o crime_n it_o require_v the_o clear_a relevancy_n and_o most_o convince_a probation_n and_o i_o condemn_v next_o to_o the_o witch_n themselves_o those_o cruel_a and_o too_o forward_a judge_n who_o burn_v person_n by_o thousand_o as_o guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n to_o who_o i_o shall_v recommend_v these_o consideration_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o any_o who_o hear_v of_o the_o kindness_n of_o god_n to_o man_n and_o of_o the_o devil_n malice_n against_o they_o of_o the_o reward_n of_o heaven_n and_o torment_n of_o hell_n will_v deliberate_o enter_v into_o the_o service_n of_o that_o wicked_a spirit_n who_o they_o know_v to_o have_v no_o riches_n to_o bestow_v nor_o power_n to_o help_v except_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o permission_n that_o he_o may_v tempt_v man_n and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o liar_n from_o the_o beginning_n his_o promise_n deserve_v no_o belief_n especial_o since_o in_o no_o man_n experience_n he_o have_v ever_o advantage_v any_o person_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a his_o service_n have_v bring_v all_o who_o enter_v in_o it_o to_o the_o stake_n ii_o those_o poor_a person_n who_o be_v ordinary_o accuse_v of_o this_o crime_n be_v poor_a ignorant_a creature_n and_o ofttimes_o woman_n who_o understand_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o they_o be_v accuse_v of_o and_o many_o mistake_v their_o own_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n for_o witchcraft_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o two_o instance_n one_o of_o a_o poor_a weaver_n who_o after_o he_o have_v confess_v witchcraft_n be_v ask_v how_o he_o see_v the_o devil_n he_o answer_v like_o fly_n dance_v about_o the_o candle_n another_o of_o a_o womâ—n_n who_o ask_v serious_o when_o she_o be_v accuse_v if_o a_o woman_n may_v be_v a_o witch_n and_o not_o know_v it_o and_o it_o be_v dangerous_a that_o these_o who_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o simple_a shall_v be_v try_v for_o a_o crime_n which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o mysterious_a iii_o these_o poor_a creature_n when_o they_o be_v defame_v become_v so_o confound_v with_o fear_n and_o the_o close_a prison_n in_o which_o they_o be_v keep_v and_o so_o starve_v for_o want_n of_o meat_n and_o sleep_n either_o of_o which_o want_n be_v enough_o to_o disorder_v the_o strong_a reason_n that_o hardly_o wise_a and_o more_o serious_a people_n than_o they_o will_v escape_v distraction_n and_o when_o man_n be_v confound_v with_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n they_o will_v imagine_v thing_n very_o ridiculous_a and_o absurd_a and_o as_o no_o man_n will_v escape_v a_o profound_a melancholy_n upon_o such_o a_o occasion_n and_o amid_o such_o usage_n therefore_o i_o remit_v to_o physician_n and_o other_o to_o consider_v what_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o melancholy_a which_o have_v oft_o make_v man_n who_o appear_v otherways_o solid_a enough_o imagine_v they_o be_v horse_n or_o have_v lose_v their_o nose_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o it_o may_v make_v man_n err_v in_o thing_n which_o be_v oblivious_a to_o their_o sense_n what_o may_v be_v expect_v as_o to_o thing_n which_o transcend_v the_o wise_a man_n reason_n iu._n most_o of_o these_o poor_a creature_n be_v torture_v by_o their_o keeper_n who_o be_v persuade_v they_o do_v god_n good_a service_n think_v it_o their_o duty_n to_o vex_v and_o torment_v poor_a prisoner_n and_o i_o know_v ex_fw-la certissima_fw-la scientia_fw-la that_o most_o of_o all_o that_o ever_o be_v take_v be_v torment_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o this_o usage_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o their_o confession_n and_o albeit_o the_o poor_a miscreant_n can_v prove_v this_o usage_n the_o actor_n be_v the_o only_a witness_n yet_o the_o judge_n shall_v be_v afraid_a of_o it_o as_o that_o which_o at_o first_o do_v elicit_v the_o confession_n and_o for_o fear_n of_o which_o they_o dare_v not_o retract_v it_o v._o i_o go_v when_o i_o be_v a_o justice-depute_a to_o examine_v some_o woman_n who_o have_v confess_v judicial_o and_o one_o of_o they_o who_o be_v a_o silly_a creature_n tell_v i_o under_o secrecy_n that_o she_o have_v not_o confess_v because_o she_o be_v guilty_a but_o be_v a_o poor_a creature_n who_o wrought_v for_o her_o meat_n and_o be_v defame_v for_o a_o witch_n