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report_n of_o special_a case_n touch_v several_a custom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n collect_v by_o sir_n h._n calthrop_n knight_n sometime_o recorder_n of_o london_n whereunto_o be_v annex_v divers_a ancient_a custom_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o say_a city_n of_o london_n london_n print_v for_o abel_n roper_n at_o the_o sun_n st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1670._o to_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n thomas_n loe_o k._n alderman_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n worthy_a sir_n be_v put_v in_o mind_n of_o that_o say_n of_o seneca_n ingratum_fw-la sidixeris_fw-la omnia_fw-la dixeris_fw-la and_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o avoid_v that_o rock_n whereupon_o so_o many_o have_v suffer_v shipwreck_n have_v have_v often_o conflict_n within_o myself_o wherein_o i_o may_v express_v my_o thankfulness_n unto_o you_o of_o who_o i_o a_o stranger_n have_v receive_v so_o many_o undeserved_a favour_n and_o at_o last_o bethink_v myself_o that_o you_o be_v one_o of_o the_o 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the_o commons_o to_o be_v sheriff_n and_o refuse_v to_o hold_v 33_o the_o case_n of_o merchant-adventurer_n 36_o certify_v indictment_n upon_o certiorary_n 42_o concern_v orphan_n portion_n 46_o the_o custom_n in_o not_o remove_v body_n and_o cause_n upon_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la 50_o the_o case_n concern_v payment_n of_o tithe_n in_o london_n 54_o divers_a ancient_a cuctome_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o of_o city_n london_n 79_o hust_n of_o plea_n of_o land_n 80_o husting_n of_o common_a pleas._n page_n 85_o assize_n of_o mort_fw-fr d'_fw-fr ance_v in_o london_n 94_o assize_n of_o novel_a dissezen_n call_v freshforce_o in_o london_n 97_o de_fw-fr curia_fw-la majoris_fw-la london_n &_o custumis_n civitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la &_o diversis_fw-la cesibus_fw-la terminalibus_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la curis_fw-la 100_o the_o commission_n and_o article_n of_o the_o wardmote_a inquest_n by_o the_o mayor_n 129_o a_o act_n for_o the_o reformation_n of_o divers_a abuse_n use_v in_o the_o 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concern_v neusans_a in_o stop_v up_o the_o light_n of_o their_o neighbour_n house_n by_o new-building_n reginold_n hugh_n a_o attorney_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v seize_v in_o his_o 1490._o demesne_fw-la as_o of_o fee_n of_o a_o ancient_a house_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o saint_n olave_n in_o the_o 21._o ward_n of_o queen_n hithe_n london_n in_o the_o south-part_n of_o which_o house_n have_v be_v three_o ancient_a light_n time_n our_o of_o mind_n anthony_n keeme_v have_v take_v a_o lease_n for_o 31._o year_n from_o the_o rector_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o parish_n church_n of_o saint_n michael_n at_o queen_n hithe_n by_o indenture_n of_o a_o rumour_n house_n and_o yard_n next_o adjoin_v unto_o the_o say_a house_n with_o a_o covenant_n to_o bestow_v a_o 100_o mark_n at_o the_o least_o upon_o the_o repair_n or_o new_a build_n of_o the_o say_a house_n do_v within_o two_o year_n pull_v down_o the_o say_a house_n and_o do_v build_v a_o new_a house_n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o 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house_n next_o adjoin_v unless_o there_o be_v some_o write_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o he_o do_v aver_v in_o facto_fw-la that_o there_o be_v no_o writing_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o that_o he_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n do_v take_v down_o the_o old_a house_n and_o build_v a_o new_a one_o upon_o the_o same_o foundation_n and_o upon_o the_o yard_n opposite_a unto_o the_o say_a light_n whereby_o they_o be_v stop_v up_o and_o upon_o this_o plea_n in_o bar_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_v in_o law_n the_o question_n of_o this_o case_n be_v first_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o build_v a_o house_n upon_o his_o own_o ground_n whereby_o the_o light_n of_o a_o ancient_a house_n be_v stop_v there_o be_v no_o custom_n to_o enable_v he_o second_o whether_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n will_v enable_v a_o man_n to_o build_v a_o new_a house_n from_o the_o ground_n where_o no_o house_n former_o be_v whereby_o he_o may_v stop_v the_o ancient_a light_n of_o his_o neighbour_n 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it_o be_v agree_v and_o resolve_v that_o it_o may_v and_o do_v well_o enough_o hold_v for_o howsoever_o that_o none_o be_v charge_n able_a at_o the_o common_a law_n by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o administrator_n inasmuch_o as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 31._o ed._n 3._o cap._n no_o accusation_n lay_v against_o a_o administrator_n by_o that_o name_n and_o that_o a_o custom_n may_v not_o commence_v since_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n yet_o inasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v chargeable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o a_o executor_n for_o his_o administration_n so_o that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o charge_n be_v only_o change_v and_o yet_o in_o substance_n be_v all_o one_o for_o every_o executor_n be_v a_o administrator_n and_o the_o plead_n be_v upon_o a_o action_n bring_v against_o a_o executor_n that_o he_o never_o be_v executor_n nor_o ever_o administer_v as_o a_o executor_n and_o a_o administrator_n have_v the_o quality_n and_o office_n of_o a_o executor_n therefore_o the_o custom_n of_o 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a_o recovery_n have_v of_o the_o principal_a debt_n by_o the_o plaintiff_n as_o administrator_n or_o otherwise_o there_o have_v be_v a_o release_n make_v unto_o the_o defendant_n now_o the_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n upon_o the_o promise_n will_v have_v fail_v inasmuch_o as_o the_o debt_n which_o be_v the_o consideration_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o promise_n be_v go_v and_o so_o the_o dampnification_n which_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v by_o not_o performance_n of_o the_o promise_n fail_v and_o agree_v to_o this_o resolution_n be_v the_o case_n of_o one_o bardeston_n and_o humphrey_n 414._o cite_v to_o be_v adjudge_v whereupon_o a_o account_n he_o that_o be_v find_v in_o arrearge_n upon_o a_o consideration_n of_o forbearance_n by_o one_o month_n promise_v payment_n of_o they_o and_o those_o arrearage_n thus_o due_a be_v attach_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o accountant_a after_o the_o promise_n break_v it_o be_v hold_v that_o no_o action_n may_v afterward_o be_v maintain_v upon_o the_o breach_n of_o promise_n the_o case_n concern_v the_o prisage_n of_o wine_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 163._o do_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n bear_v date_n the_o same_o time_n grant_v unto_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n of_o london_n that_o no_o prisage_n shall_v be_v of_o any_o of_o the_o wine_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n but_o they_o shall_v be_v free_a and_o discharge_v be._n from_o the_o payment_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o prisage_n george_n hanger_n be_v a_o citizen_n and_o freeman_n of_o london_n and_o resient_a within_o the_o city_n fraught_v four_o several_a ship_n with_o merchandise_n to_o be_v transport_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o which_o four_o ship_n be_v disburden_v of_o the_o say_a merchandise_n be_v lade_v with_o wine_n two_o of_o the_o ship_n come_v up_o the_o thames_n at_o london_n and_o before_o any_o unbulk_v of_o they_o george_n hanger_n make_v frances_n hanger_n be_v his_o wife_n his_o executrix_n and_o die_v afterward_o the_o other_o two_o ship_n come_v up_o to_o london_n sir_n thomas_n waller_n be_v chief_n butler_n of_o the_o king_n by_o virtue_n of_o letter_n patent_n make_v unto_o he_o demand_v the_o payment_n of_o prisage_n of_o the_o say_v frances_n hanger_n for_o the_o wine_n in_o the_o say_v four_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o way_n have_v of_o every_o of_o the_o ship_n one_o tun_n before_o the_o mast_n and_o one_o other_o tun_n behind_o the_o mast_n she_o deny_v the_o payment_n of_o it_o whereupon_o the_o say_a sir_n thomas_n waller_n as_o chief_a butler_n exhibit_v his_o information_n into_o the_o king_n bench_n against_o the_o say_a frances_n hanger_n whereunto_o the_o say_v frances_n plead_v a_o special_a plea_n in_o bar_n show_v the_o whole_a matter_n as_o abovesaid_a opon_n which_o sir_n thomas_n waller_n demur_v in_o law_n the_o question_n of_o this_o case_n be_v two_o the_o first_o be_v whether_o for_o the_o wine_n which_o come_v up_o the_o thames_n in_o the_o two_o ship_n before_o the_o death_n of_o george_n hanger_n any_o prisage_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v unto_o the_o king_n or_o not_o the_o second_o be_v whether_o any_o prisage_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o wine_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o ship_n before_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v george_n hanger_n but_o come_v not_o up_o the_o thames_n until_o after_o the_o death_n of_o george_n hanger_n the_o case_n be_v argue_v at_o several_a time_n by_o sir_n henry_n montague_n knight_n than_o recorder_n of_o london_n now_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n thomas_n coventry_n 5._o then_o utter_a barister_n now_o solicitor_n general_n unto_o his_o majesty_n and_o francis_n mingay_n a_o utter_a barister_n of_o the_o inner_a temple_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o frances_n hanger_n and_o by_o henry_n yeluerton_n then_o a_o apprentice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o gray's-inn_n and_o now_o attorney_n general_n unto_o his_o majesty_n case_n and_o thomas_n crew_n of_o the_o same_o inn_n likewise_o a_o apprentice_n of_o the_o law_n on_o the_o part_n of_o sir_n thomas_n waller_n likewise_o it_o be_v argue_v at_o several_a time_n 8_o by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n that_o be_v to_o say_v first_o by_o sir_n thomas_n fleming_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n sir_n christopher_n yeluerton_n sir_n david_n williams_n and_o sir_n john_n crook_n and_o afterward_o by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n sir_n john_n crook_n sir_n john_n dodridge_n and_o sir_n robert_n houghton_n and_o sir_n edward_n crook_n sir_n christopher_n defendant_n yeluerton_n sir_n david_n williams_n and_o sir_n john_n dodridge_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v for_o frances_n hanger_n against_o sir_n thomas_n waller_n for_o they_o conceive_v upon_o the_o reason_n follow_v that_o no_o prisage_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v neither_o for_o the_o ship_n that_o come_v in_o after_o the_o death_n of_o george_n hanger_n nor_o for_o the_o ship_n that_o come_v in_o before_o the_o death_n of_o george_n hanger_n but_o they_o all_o be_v to_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o prisage_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a charter_n make_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o unto_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n of_o london_n first_o in_o regard_n thath_fw-mi these_o wine_n thus_o 1._o in_o each_o of_o the_o four_o ship_n aforesaid_a remain_v notwithstanding_o the_o death_n of_o george_n hanger_n to_o be_v still_o the_o wine_n of_o george_n hanger_n for_o if_o frances_n hanger_n the_o executrix_n be_v to_o bring_v a_o action_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o they_o she_o shall_v bring_v a_o action_n as_o for_o the_o wine_n of_o george_n hanger_n if_o frances_n hanger_n shall_v be_v wain_v or_o attaint_v of_o felony_n or_o treason_n those_o wine_n shall_v not_o be_v forfeit_v insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v not_o the_o wine_n of_o frances_n hanger_n but_o of_o george_n hanger_n if_o a_o judgement_n in_o debt_n or_o other_o action_n shall_v be_v have_v against_o frances_n hanger_n as_o executrix_n of_o george_n hanger_n these_o wine_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o execution_n as_o the_o wine_n of_o george_n hanger_n and_o so_o these_o wine_n thus_o bring_v in_o before_o and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o george_n hanger_n continue_v as_o yet_o the_o wine_n of_o george_n hanger_n to_o be_v recover_v as_o his_o 4._o wine_n to_o be_v take_v in_o execution_n as_o his_o wine_n and_o to_o prevent_v a_o forfeiture_n because_o these_o wine_n shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o wine_n of_o george_n hanger_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v protect_v and_o privilege_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o prisage_n within_o the_o word_n intent_n mean_v of_o the_o before_o recite_v charter_n make_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o which_o point_v rather_o at_o the_o wine_n then_o at_o the_o person_n of_o george_n hanger_n
custom_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o thousand_o pound_n according_a unto_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o the_o will_n and_o according_a to_o the_o will_v aforesaid_a the_o executor_n deny_v to_o find_v surety_n whereupon_o he_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n and_o a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la be_v award_v out_o of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n to_o have_v the_o body_n of_o the_o executor_n together_o with_o the_o cause_n all_o this_o matter_n appear_v upon_o the_o return_n and_o now_o it_o be_v move_v by_o richard_n martin_n late_a recorder_n of_o london_n than_o a_o apprentice_n of_o the_o law_n that_o the_o return_n be_v insufficient_a and_o so_o the_o executor_n ought_v to_o be_v enlarge_v first_o in_o regard_n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o imprisonment_n be_v the_o custom_n of_o london_n 1._o and_o the_o custom_n be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o void_a insomuch_o that_o it_o enforce_v a_o executor_n to_o find_v surety_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o legacy_n according_a unto_o the_o will_n where_o the_o law_n require_v that_o debt_n be_v pay_v before_o such_o time_n as_o legacy_n be_v perform_v and_o the_o law_n give_v a_o election_n unto_o the_o executor_n to_o pay_v which_o of_o the_o legacy_n he_o will_v in_o case_n there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o pay_v all_o the_o debt_n and_o legacy_n of_o the_o testator_n but_o this_o exception_n be_v disallow_v by_o the_o say_a court_n insomuch_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n appear_v by_o the_o return_n to_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v find_v surety_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o legacy_n according_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o will_n of_o the_o testator_n so_o as_o if_o the_o executor_n have_v not_o sufficient_a to_o pay_v debt_n and_o legacy_n he_o have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o liberty_n after_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v find_v surety_n as_o he_o have_v before_o second_o except_o on_o be_v take_v because_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o return_n that_o the_o devisor_n be_v a_o woman_n and_o also_o only_a the_o wife_n of_o a_o freeman_n and_o not_o a_o freewoman_n and_o she_o be_v not_o within_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n which_o only_o speak_v of_o a_o freeman_n but_o this_o exception_n be_v overrule_v for_o a_o woman_n be_v a_o freewoman_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 29._o which_o enact_v that_o no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v etc._n etc._n but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n so_o that_o she_o be_v a_o barroness_n or_o countess_n shall_v be_v try_v by_o her_o peer_n upon_o a_o indictment_n prefer_v against_o she_o she_o shall_v also_o be_v repute_v a_o freeman_n within_o this_o custom_n second_o the_o wife_n of_o a_o freeman_n have_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n to_o trade_n in_o the_o city_n and_o so_o able_a to_o take_v benefit_n by_o it_o she_o shall_v also_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o it_o three_o howsoever_o she_o be_v dwell_v out_o of_o london_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o will_v make_v she_o be_v a_o freeman_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o custom_n four_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o london_n concern_v orphan_n be_v a_o antiquate_a custom_n and_o have_v not_o be_v put_v in_o use_n by_o many_o year_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o now_o to_o be_v put_v in_o ure_n to_o take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o man_n and_o especial_o also_o because_o the_o life_n of_o a_o custom_n be_v the_o usage_n but_o this_o exception_n be_v overrule_v for_o this_o custom_n be_v daily_o put_v in_o ure_n the_o custom_n in_o not_o remove_v body_n and_o cause_n upon_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la a_o petition_n be_v affirm_v in_o london_n by_o one_o hill_n a_o citizen_n and_o freeman_n chan_n of_o london_n against_o another_o citizen_n and_o freeman_n of_o london_n upon_o a_o bond_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n a_o summons_n be_v award_v against_o the_o say_v oblige_v and_o the_o pretext_n be_v return_v that_o he_o have_v nothing_o whereby_o he_o may_v be_v summon_v within_o the_o city_n upon_o a_o surmise_n make_v by_o hill_n the_o obligee_n that_o one_o harrington_n a_o citizen_n and_o freeman_n of_o london_n be_v indebt_v in_o a_o hundred_o pound_n unto_o the_o first_o obligor_fw-la a_o summons_n be_v award_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n of_o foreign_a attachment_n for_o the_o warn_n of_o harrington_n who_o be_v warn_v according_o whereupon_o harrington_n procure_v a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la for_o the_o remove_n of_o his_o body_n together_o with_o the_o cause_n into_o the_o king_n bench_n upon_o which_o writ_n a_o return_n be_v make_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o london_n be_v a_o ancient_a city_n and_o that_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v have_v conusans_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o plea_n both_o real_a and_o personal_a to_o be_v hold_v before_o the_o mayor_n alterman_n and_o sheriff_n of_o london_n in_o london_n and_o that_o in_o no_o action_n whatsoever_o they_o ought_v to_o remove_v the_o cause_n out_o of_o london_n into_o any_o other_o court_n and_o do_v moreover_o show_v a_o confirmation_n make_v by_o r._n 2._o in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o all_o their_o custom_n and_o so_o for_o this_o cause_n they_o have_v not_o the_o body_n here_o nor_o the_o cause_n and_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o the_o insufficiency_n of_o this_o return_n it_o be_v agree_v and_o resolve_v by_o the_o whole_a court_n of_o king_n bench_n that_o this_o return_v make_v be_v ill_o for_o common_a experience_n teach_v that_o the_o usual_a course_n be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v that_o upon_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la the_o body_n together_o with_o the_o cause_n have_v be_v remove_v out_o of_o london_n into_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o likewise_o upon_o certiorary_n award_v out_o of_o the_o king_n bench._n record_n have_v be_v certify_v out_o of_o london_n into_o that_o court_n for_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v unto_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n as_o well_o in_o that_o court_n as_o in_o the_o 〈…〉_z proper_a court_n the_o court_n of_o london_n be_v a_o inferior_a court_n unto_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n where_o the_o king_n be_v suppose_v to_o sit_v in_o person_n aught_o to_o yield_v bedience_n unto_o the_o writ_n award_v out_o of_o that_o court_n as_o the_o supetiour_n court_n but_o if_o the_o cause_n shall_v be_v such_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o failer_z of_o justice_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n upon_o the_o remove_n of_o the_o cause_n because_o it_o be_v only_o a_o action_n ground_v mere_o upon_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n than_o a_o return_v make_v of_o the_o special_a matter_n will_v be_v warrantable_a or_o otherwise_o if_o the_o return_n be_v make_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n be_v that_o no_o cause_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a customary_a cause_n wherein_o no_o remedy_n can_v be_v have_v but_o only_o in_o london_n according_a unto_o 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