I acknowledged the Lords goodness to me At the Westmerland Assizes justice Puliston as at Carlisle discountenanced the honest justices there and said openly upon the Bench he could own none for a justice but Col. Brigs against whom the Lord did witnes before night Brigs having overburthened himself with drink as he could not walk the streets without reeling and after some repose Brigs came to my lodging where he spent the whole night in swearing and excessive drinking among a company of Cavaleers but such things are no blemishes in our persecuting justices but when I come in particular to set down the malignancy and misgovernment of our justices made upon M. Howards recommendation to the Lord Protector I may have farther occasion to speak of this Gentleman But before I will farther meddle with our Country Magistracy I will finish my discourse as to Richmond This last Term upon my removing the indictment of perjury against me into the Upper Bench for the very same thing meerly for vexation hath he laid an information of perjury against me in the Capital Office for the mans malice hath no bounds to which I say no more if I be faulty in the least let me suffer with the highest transgressour but Richmonds dealings is no better towards other poor widdowes His fathers widdow by a wile he turned out of doors who being friendless was drawn to take a small annuity which he failing to pay broke the womans heart and she soon died This affidavit will discover his kindness to another widdow whose petition I have to present to the Lord Protector when a door shall be open to me together with Richmonds barbarous usage of one Halton the Minister of Kurbythure because a Roundhead and how he caried the man to York by vertue of his Commission of Array and how the poor man was brought by him to his grave will require a more large discourse The Affidavit of John Wambye in the behalf of Mary Bearson Widdow plaintiff Thomas Wilton and Henry Mesâ—s Defendants WHereas there was a reference made by Justice Puliston of the difference betwixt the Plaintiff and the Defendant upon the Defendants petition to Christopher Richmond Esq and Thom. Laton Esq two delinquents compounded which said referrees about the 20 of Septemb. last called the said parties before them and brought with them one Francis Sisson a Justice of peace in Westmerl Nephew to Edward Sisson who married Wiltons Aunt and guardian to the said Wilton being an aged decrepit woman about 80 years old Now this Deponent deposeth that he was present at Broughan upon the meeting of the said referrees and parties and upon the said widdow Pearsons seeming to decline the said reference the said Richmom began to give the said widdow very high and threatning language telling her if she would not submit to the reference she should never get any thing nor should have never any benefit of the law and for this Deponent who went thither with the said Pearson he threatned to have his nose slit and his ears cut off and threatned one Iohn Gowling to undo him because he was the widdowes friend and neighbour and other bad language the said Richmond gave then unto the said Gowling so as he well durst not or would not stay longer to be abused with the said Richmond and presently after the said Gowlings departure the said widdow Pearson was drawn by the threats and menaces of the said Mr. Richmond to submit to the order and award of the said referrees with the Vmperidge of the said Justice Sisson who ordered her for to take 25 shillings for her widdow-right and dower in a Tenement in Gulgath in the County of Cumberland and seal a release thereof Whereas her third part thereof was well worth twenty shillings by the year And this Deponent knoweth the said release was made by her through the threats and menaces of the said Mr. Richmond Sworn the 8 of November 1653. By John Wawbye John Page Therefore I will till a fitter opportunity forbear and proceed in order with our Country Justices of the peace in Cumberland and Westmerland And first with Cumberland whose names be Sir Wilfride Lawson Charles Howard William Briscoe John Barwis Henry Tolson Thomas Cholmley John Hudson Thomas Craister Tho. Langhorn Arthur Foster Lancelot Fletcher Captain Coulsey Sir Wilfride Lawson did take the treasonable Oath and Engagement called the E. of Newcastles Oath was a Lieuten Colonel in armes for the King caused one widdow Blaithwait to be carried in a Cart to Carlisle Goal and there imprisoned and first stript to her smock urging to Sir Phil. Musgrave that she came from the Parliament as a Spy Committed to prison one George Foxe to close Goal and procured an order from the Judges that none of his friends should visit him for no other thing then being a Preacher without ever laying any charge against the man to this day After an Injunction serves for setling possession Sir Wilfride Lawson some three moneths since put two of Sir Patritius Curwins tenants out of the possession of their houses and tenements and thereby the men were forced to submit to their Landlords will and pleasure after much money spent in setling their possession Sir Wilfride Lawson being Sheriff the last Summer Assizes at Carlisle refused to arrest Christoph Richmond upon a Capias ut legat at my mothers suit the warrant being delivered to him in Richmonds presence and his Fee tendered Sir Wilf Lawson and his under Sheriff will not though required return processes of Contempts as attachments and proclamations as for instance 3 proclamations at my mothers suit two attachments one at my own suit and another of priviledg at Mr Nelsons suit all returnable the last Term. Charles Howard a notorious delinquent though at Worcester he engaged against the enemy yet his brother supposed not without his privity betraid a great part of Mr Howards Troop to the Scots King with whom his brother went away and before Mr Howard came up to the last Parliament Sir Pat. Curwen and most of his projecting Cavaliers was at his House all night which the well-affected are jealous was upon some designe for the next day again they had another great meeting at Sir Patric-Curwens Castle under colour of a hunting Mr Howard used barbarous cruelty upon the body of the wife and daughter of Thom. Milb one of the witnesses examined to proue his delinquency by causing a Scottish Witch-finder so tearmed in his presence to strip the women and thrust great pins into sundry parts of their naked bodies to the amazement of the beholders the women being of good repute and never any charge brought against them Since the last Plot against the Lord Protector was discovered M. Howard hath listed one Berriswith to be one of the Lord Protectors Life-guard by the name of Hunt that he might not be known by the name of Berriswith he and his friends being so much declared enemies to the Parliament as Captain Thorp a
muster the men who appeared and appointed Officers and listed many men under his command and gave order for free quarter for his souldiers and that the Constables should levie moneys to pay for the horses he took in every place Thom. Milburn Tho. Bell of Farlam Anthony Heviside of Tawkin Secondly that the said Master Howard took ten horses for the said service in Hayton Parish and proportionably in other parishes within Gilesland according to the purvey Tho. Bell. Anth. Heviside Thirdly that the said Mr. Howard did declare openly at the said Muster that the men and horse so levied was for the Kings service and that he was to meet the Prince at Berwick Saturday the 19 of August following Tho. Milburn Tho. Bell. Fourthly the said Mr. Howard sent a letter to ten Cavaliers that had horse and armes quartering upon Leonard Hodgson Constable of Hartleburn in Northumberland that if they would ride in his Troup to Barwick as Reformadoes they should have command as the places fell and they should come to Francis Grahams of the Stone-house in Gilsland and thereabouts and they should have quarter till they marched to Barwick Leonard Hodgeshon Fifthly the said Mr. Howard repaired several times to the enemies Guarrison at Carlisle and walked abroad with his arms Richard Hutton Sixthly at two several Musters by Warrant the said Mr. Howard in the fiâ—st Article mentioned after the said M. Howard had made his Speeches to the Countrey his Souldiers drew their swords and cried a King a King Thomas Addison This charge was presented us and the several Witnesses to every Article proved the same and subscribed their names before us at Penrith the 1. of May 1650. Thomas Craister John Musgrave Jo. Bristoe Tho. Langhorn William Briscoe was a Committee man for the enemy advised the other Justices being most of them Commissioners for Array to commit Captain Crakanthrop and me for not taking the oath of Supremacy and advised the other Justices to disobey our Habeas Corpus When the Justices in open Sessions would have released one Nicholson committed by Col. Fletcher for refusing to take up Arms for the King against the Parliament Mr. Briscoe advised the Court not to do it without Collonel Fletchers directions whereupon the poor man was held in prison till the siege of Carlisle was over He is a great enemy to Sectaries so called and in his charge in Sessions called them worse then Papists requiring the Jury to present them and they would punish them That complaint being made to Mr. Briscoe against Edward Robinson a notorious Delinquent and one who articled against William Musgrave for delivering Iartlepool to the Parl. For forging a false Verdict against one Wil. Bâ—urbank and for levying monies upon that Verdict and other forgâ—ries Mr. Brisco would not punish nor displace Robinson for it but keeps him stil to be Clark of the honour of Penrith and Inglewood Forrest Courts Master Briscoe being learned Steward of the same Honours and Courts Complaints being made to Mr. Brisco for redress of a wrongful amerciament set upon Thomas Cason a tradesman for selling goods in Penreth being no Corporation and of the said Robinson for taking Casons cloath of good value from him would neither give order to redress the amerciament or Robinson to restore Casons cloth tending to the destroying of Casons trade and credit John Barwis to him I have little to say then what is said already onely he is known to be no friend to them they call Sectaries and would destroy us Henry Tolson he hath ever been a Neutral but known a Cavalier hath his heart and is no friend to the Parliament or Armies Friends Thomas Cholmley did take the Earl of Newcastles Oath sent ou Horse and Armes against the Parliament and was in Arms him self for the late King for his delinquency and malignancy deserted the former Parliament being a Member thereof At the Lord Protectors fiâ—st going into Scotland openly declared it was against his conscience to fight against the Scots and committed sundry to prison under the name of Sectaries and preachers Thom Craister a Commissioner for sequestrations got most of his estate by that imployment and being a Captain in Carlisle Garison declared it was against his conscience to fight against the Scots and laid down his Commission raised near ten thousand pound of Delinquents by way of Fines for which he never yet accounted for and without authority of parliament or the Lord General continues still a professed Enemy to all such as are called Sectaries or Independents and imprisoned sundry of them for their judgement Thomas Langhorn did take and subscribe the Earl of Newcastles Oath a great countenancer of Malignant Ministers as Master Baldine of Penreth who refused to pray for parliament and Army while the Scots had an Army on foot A petty Shop keeper very unfit for a Justice of Peace John Hudson against whom I have nothing to object if others have they may but as he tells me he will rather undergo a fine then take the Oath with others in Commission whom he cannot approve of Lancelot Fletcher is a stranger to me I never knew or heard he was any wayes active or appeared for the parliament but by his Cavalier friends lived peaceably at home when the Enemy was in power Captain Coulsey what manner of man he is I reâ—er to the Articles against Howard Arthur Foster a Delinquent and in Armes bo h in the first and and second War against the parliament arraigned for murther and â—ued out his pardon by means of Sir Richard Graham to whose family he is a retainer For the Westmerland Justices I shall be brief being not my business and should have been wholly silent if the honest and suffering party there had not been concerned therein Edward Briggs noted for his malignancy to the Armies friends and for his life and conversation I shall forbear to speak but very many ways unfit for that imployment and ignorant of the Laws and Statutes of this Nation Roger Bateman was so disaffected to the change of Government from Kingly to Parl. as for a long time he refused to be sworn a Justice very passionate and Strafford never more cruelly persecuted the Puritans then he the Sectaries Thomas Burton a notorious Delinquent was a Trooper under Sir Thomas Tildesly expressing his malignancy by drinking the Kings health the gross misdemeanors in executing of his Office while he was Justice of Peace the many quarrelsome and troublesome suits his oppressions and unwarrantable and illegal commitments his daily frequenting ranting Cavaliers company are all proved before the Commissioners for compounding and much more for which be was fined Fifty pounds and disabled to be a Justice of Peace And whereas it is said that his father was plundered by Sir Philip Musgrave it is known that his father was under Sir Philip Musgraves protection and voluntary without compulsion lent large sums of money to Sir Philip to carry on the War and if there was a
went with my mother to Graham house the better to confirm my self of the truâ—h of the agreement who told me the bond was delivered with the caution aforesaid and that upon consideration my mother would make void the agreement he would keep her harmlesse and upon request release the bond and further declared he did beleeve Richmond intended to cheat both him and her Upon his further request my mother consented to go the next day to one Dacres of Vnthank where Richmond was to meet him and agreed that if Richmond would not yeeld my mother and Grahams Right they would joyn together in securing the goods But upon our comming thither Dacres after some private words with them came to my mother desiring to be excused for the Trunks her Husband had left with him by direction were not to be opened till her sons in Law both agreed to it but she should not be present Thus she was thrust out and made a stranger to hâ—r own for by the Custom of the Province of York the Widdow is to have half the personal Estate if the children be preferred or married There it is said the two brothers found some Writings purporting large summes of moneys to be left by Vaux in Dacres hand which at first Dacres denied but after some threats Dacres acknowledged 60 l. and the 160 l. wherewith they charged him more Richmonds wife perswaded the other to remit and they gave George Syâ—pson Mr. Vaux sisters son 100 l. of the moneys in Dacres hand being privie to their Counsel All which Richmonds wife hath to sundry of her friends and acquaintance privately told who have since discovered the same Upon this the two brothers in Law confederated together against the old woman and Richmond gave forth in speeches that my mother and I had broken a chest up in the chamber and taken out Fourty shillings for which he would hang us both and said his man did see him lay it and leave it there who being asked what he knew thereof replyed he knew nothing thereof neither did he beleeve any such thing As for the Trunk upon our entry it was viewed with all within the same by able and honest men whereof not any thing lacked the trunk being open and had been without Lock for 40 years and more Next day I went towards Manchester and returned not for ten days In the mean time Richmond thinking I was gone for London goes to Mr. Howard and procures a Warrant from him to bring me and one Proctor before him charging us with Feâ—ony Upon his Warrant Proctor is carried as a Thief to Naward some 16 or 18 miles thence to Carlisle being from Naward 10 miles and back again to Naward where he gave security for his appearance in all this much wickednesse and cruelty is discovered for there were two Justices of the Peace living within lesse then two miles of us but we must be carried before none but Howard The next passage that was attempted against my Mother was this Richmond and his wife comes to my mothers house thinking with railings and revilings to have provoked her to passion but their expectation failing Richmonds wiâ—e laid violent hands upon her own mother bâ—ar her and called her Whore The old woman being ready to faint one present cryed out Fie Mabel have son never read the Fifth Commandement the other answered in fury She knew not what the Commandements were so she had a father and mother that taught her neither the fear of God nor Man Some two days after this Richmond with some four or six more in a forcible and â—iâ—tous manner takes away the Court gate the Hall door and carried them away with him thereby to fright her away and reported Mr. Howard advised him to do it Wicked counsel Noâ— long after I came home and being in bed in this open house I heard in the Hall much people whereupon I called to know the businesse the Constable came to me and told me he had a Warrant to arrest me for Felony I â—ose and find a poor lame Widdow that served my mother under arrest likewise for Felony as the Constable said most of Richmonds Tenants being there to the number of 20 or 30 I ask o them why so many they answered Richmond commanded and that the Constâ—ble would early in the morning take me otherwise I would flie if notice were given me With this Guard am I carried by the Constable to Penreth a market Town on a Market day before Mr. Halton who upon reading Mr. Howards warrant would take no knowledge of me so away I am carried to Naward Which manner of doing of theirs was much like the Jâ—ws carrying of Christ to Caiphas who sent him to Pilate Pilate Herod and so back again When I came before Howard he told me Richmond bad sworn Felony against me and some witnesses were examined against me who speaking ruth he refused to set down or testifie the same saying that party spake more for me then Richmond Yet brought before him by his Warrant I enter Bond for my appearance the next Assizes paying my fees The nexâ— Sessions Richmond in my absence prefers a Bill of Felony against me and Proctor which the Jury not finding are called before the Justices who threatened the Jury for not finding the same and one of the Quorum told the Jury they must find the Indictment right or wrong But most of the Jury being understanding men would not be perswaded or frighted to act contrary to a good Conselence finds not the Bill notwithstanding the Justices granted Richmond a Warrant of good behaviour against me without Oath or Articles against others they would not though indicted which discovered their malice to me and corruption Upon a Certiorari after in the Upper Bench I was discharged never any thing to this day being objected against me My occasion soon after drew me to Londâ—n in my absence Richmond dayly vexes my aged mother with opprobrious railings threatening her he would reduce her to that poverty and want as for flesh she should be constrained to boyl a Louse and for malt to brew Sand often staring in her face after crying Mother mother Death is in thy face thou wilt not live til Easter the Justices of the Peace much animating him in this course against my mother and me as he bragged all the Justics of the Peace Commissioners for Sequestrations Sir Arthur Haslerig and Captain Howard would all adhere to him against me Upon my return from London the Assizes approaches Richmond now bestirs himself procures the Sheriff to return of the Grand Jury 14 of 17 all compounded Delinquents and most Richmonds neare relations one being Grahams father another Grahams son in Law most of the rest bitter spirited Cavaliers but one man reasoned all the rest out and the Bil against me was not found the one of the Jury would have had it protesting that he would find it against the Roundhead whether it was right or wrong I
made my addresse to Justice Puliston in a peti ionary way that Richmond might not disquiet my mother with his boysterous and uncivil carriage but he more like a party then a Judge slighted my Petition asked how it came to pâ—sse I was not gone beyond seas with John Lilburn to which I replied I had other businesse then to mind and further said when these Gentlemen by him meaning Captain Howard and the other Justices by oaths and actions confederated to destroy the Parliament as Traitors I at their Bar owned there Authority but Traitors are promoted and your friends slighted yet God is good Richmond turns his Indictment of Felony after not found into an indictment of Trespasse which the Juries finds and being called I traverse it upon Serjeant Parkers motion all differences were referred to Sir John Lowther and Mr. Halton but when we meet hen Richmond asked my mother why she would busie her self for death was in her face and Gâ—aham his brother did challenge me to sight with him on Penreth Fell thinking to get some advantage upon me by provoking me to passion or accepting the challenge upon a common Latitat Richmond bringeth the Sheriff in person and arrested my mother and had carried her to Gaol but an Attorney told the Sheriff he cou'd not for he was an Attorney and would appear for her but we cou'd never have the Sheriff to this day execute any Writ against Richmond To free my mother of Richmoxd disturbances I brought her from Catterlen Hall being made unhabitable as aforesaid and ever since she hath dwelt with me The last Assiz s at Carlisle my mother had two trials for her Dowry the one against Graham the other against Richmond before my old friend Justice Puliston I appearing for my mother Justice Puliston began to check me telling me I never dealt but in bad causes and that he met me at every Bar in Westminster Hall the Jury being to be sworn one of the Panel would not swear upon a book whereupon the Judge bid set him aside for that man was one of Musgrave's faction the man being a stranger to me abou which a great contest I had before he was admi ted to be sworn Mr. Vaux dying seized was proved by Richmond and Grahams answers to my mothers Bill of Discovery Then Justice Puliston asked me when Vaux died to which I answered about the third of March was a twelve moneth Then said the Jugd Are you sure M. Vaux died the third of March To which I answered my Lord I came out of London about the 13 or 18 of March and before I got home Mr Vaux was dead so I cannot speak certainly to the time but I beleeve he died about the 3 4 or 5th of March or thereabouts then said the Judge Mr. Musgrave what would you say if he died in April I replied my Lord I cannot speak positively to any time but sure I am he is dead all which will be proved by Gentlemen of quality well affected and untainted in their reputations which for the satisfaction of friends some of them have certified as much which I have here inserted These are to certifie we whose names are here under-written upon the 16 day of August 1653. were presented at the Tryal had at Carlisle before Mr. Justice Puliston betwixt Isabel Vaux Widow Demandant upon a Writ of Dowery against William Graham Defendant when and where we see John Musgrave of Milnâ—rig in the County of Cumberland Gentleman sworn a Witnesson the behalf of the said Demandant Isabel Vaux in the said cause and the said John Musgrave being asked when the said John Vaux late husband of the said Isabel died the said John Musgrave said upon his oath that the said John Vaux died about the 3d of March was a twelve moneth then the said Justice Puliston said Mr. Musgrave are you sure Mr. Vaux died the 3d of March to which the said Mr. Musgrave replied and said my Lord I came out of London about the 13 or 18 of March or words to that purpose and before I got home Mr. Vaux was dead so I cannot speak certainly to the very time of his death but I beleeve he died about the 3 4 or 5 or thereabouts then said the Judge Mr. Musgrave what will you say if he died in April Mr. Musgrave replied and said my Lord I cannot speak positively to any time or words to that effect but I 'm sure he is dead and this is the whole sum of Mr. Musgraves Oath and Deposition other then proving some copies of Records we being present in Court at the time of the said Tryal from the swearing of the Jury till they gave up their Verdict which we shall be ready to testifie when we shall be thereunto required In witnesse whereof we have subscribed our hands the 10th day of October 1653. This is the great Pâ—rjury I am charged with At Michaelmas Sessions held at Cockermouth Octob. 5. 1653. in my absence Richmond prefers a Bill of Perjury upon this against me whereof Captain Hudson now a Justice of Peace hearing who was present at the Trial repaired to the Jury wishing them well to consider what they did upon that indictment against me in my absence for there was more malice then matter in the prosecution the Jury told him they had examined the matter and they could not find it but the Justices of the Bench being most of them my implacable enemies called the Jury before them and would have the witnesses sworn in open Court but the Sheriff and Bailifs put back all those whom they suspected to favor me Mr Lamplough one of the Justices told the Court there was an Order of Sessions that no indictment was to be admitted against any inhabitant without notice first given to them which then they admitted to others but denied in my case Mr. Howard hath caused him since to be put out of the Commission of peace for no other cause as I beleeve but this and suspecting him to be a man of too publike a spirit to comply with Howard and his popish faction and others of the most dis-affected and known Deliâ—quents he hath procured to be Justices of the Peace refusing to put in some very honest able men recomended to him One of the Jury told the Court M. Musgrave might mistake the month and not swear either corruptly or wilfully to which M. Briscoe and Sheriff Lawson said there was som would have al to be mistakes so after Richmond was admitted privatly to tamper with some of the jury the indictment was found I being in my way from London The witnesses sworn to the indictment were one Dacres above-named Thomas Gaâ—th an Attorney how much conscience he makes of an oath after I shall discover and one Orfear and how qualified he is for such a purpose here will appear I will begin with the last Orfear was first a plundering Cavalier captain for the King till the county was reduced for the Parliament
more scandalous and malignant Priest in that Countrey let me receive blame and shame Francis Sisson a man of a quiet spirit but Prelatical and no friend to the Armies Interest Robert Skaife a man no ways qualified for a Justice of Peace Sir Iohn Lowther a compounded Delinquent a man of able parts but known to be of a Kingly spirit and his son was in the last War conceived not without his fathers privity A Gentleman he is of great Estate nearly related to me in kindred but it stumbles all friends that he shall now be thought fit to be a Justice of Peace in this Countrey where he is so powerfull and known though his wisdome in this time teacheth him moderation to wait for a change I am afraid some of our Worthies are carried away with their Dalilah's but let them beware they receive not Sampsons portion I could say more but will forbear for the present Onely I could wish it were enquired into How Iohn Thwaits who hath knowledge to discharge his duty not in a condition with power to oppress his Countrey and Gervase Benson who hath been thought fit to be trusted with such high Commands and great imployments while there was trouble and danger without any complaint should now be laid aside You that sit at the Helm wil have the loss and thereby may unawares tacitely set up again Charls Stuarts Interest I desire to draw to my journeys end yet before I conclude I must as Abraham said to God so say I Let not my Earthly Lords be angry and I will speak but yet once I have heard that his now Highness upon some discourse of Lawyers out of the sense he had of the common calamity his brethren had lain under should sometimes say How sad and to be lamented a thing it was that these men should raise so great and vast Estates out of the ruines of a miserable afflicted people seeking Iustice and relief of wrongs and the poor to be made more wretched by complaining and sustain more damage by their Advocates then by their Adversaries who did the wrong Is there no Balm in our Gilead How long shall we wait for the long promised and expected Reformation the Law and Chancery proceedings be now no less burthen terrour and oppression to the people of this Land then Theeves and Highway-men be to the poor travellers in their journey in every street I meet with sad complainings a man may spend his whole patrimony in Chancery before he come to any issue and then shal he be dismissed again to Law I have had in my poor mothers case against Richmond in Chancery some 16 several orders and reports yet have not obtained a perfect answer for 3 l. costs upon a second insufficient answer I have spent above 12 l. besides travelling charges and Richmond hath had two London journeys bout the same O when shall we have an end of a Chancery suit Shall a woman of 80 years of age be thus spent out upon her Writs of Dower a Law before we could come to declare a year and a half was spent with Essoyâ—es and adjornments meer delays and fopperies to wast poor people spin out time and spend money In Chancery what Order made there to day is again to morrâ—â— unmade sometime upon Petitions with false suggestions more oâ—ten in Court without hearing the other side so as the Court seems rather to be set to make work for the Registers and Lawyers by multiplying Orders and differences then to settle differences or determine causes while the poor suiâ—ors have any money to purchase Orders or give fees to Lawyers If I be called to accompt for this I shall be ready to give particular instances in my own mothers and many other of my suffering friends The wasted condition of my self doth constrain me to sigh out these my groans and complaints which if the same be taken into consideration and receive timely redress and relief as the same will much conduce to the praise of those in power security to our Countrey and the good of a poor afflicted people so shall he with all thankfullness acknowledg the same who truly is as he writes A true Servant and Wel-wisher to his Countrey JOHN MUSGRAVE 6. 3. Mon. 1653. Pulchrum est pro Patria mori FINIS