Selected quad for the lemma: justice_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
justice_n	hold_v	peace_n	session_n	3,425	5	10.2455	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64730	Cosmography and geography in two parts, the first, containing the general and absolute part of cosmography and geography, being a translation from that eminent and much esteemed geographer Varenius : wherein are at large handled all such arts as are necessary to be understand for the true knowledge thereof : the second part, being a geographical description of all the world, taken from the notes and works of the famous Monsieur Sanson, late geographer to the French King : to which are added about an hundred cosmographical, geographical and hydrographical tables of several kingdoms and isles of the world, with their chief cities, seaports, bays, &c. drawn from the maps of the said Sanson : illustrated with maps.	Sanson, Nicolas, 1600-1667.; Blome, Richard, d. 1705.; Varenius, Bernhardus, 1622-1650. Geographia generalis. English.	1682 (1682)	Wing V103; ESTC R2087	1,110,349	935

England is divided into four Circuits for the Administration of Justice and then the first shall contain the Counties of Denbigh Flint and Montgomery the second those of Brecknock Glamorgan and Radnor the third those of Cardigan Carmarden and Pembroke and the fourth those of Anglesey Caernarvon and Merioneth But to proceed to the description of these Counties and first of North-Wales NORTH-WALES Isle of Anglesey THe Island of ANGLESEY is severed from Caernarvon-shire by a narrow Streight of the River Menai and on all other parts it is washed with the Irish Seas It was the ancient Seat of the Druids and brought with no small difficulty under the Roman Scepter by Julius Agricola It is so fertil and abounding in all things as Corn Cattle and Provisions that the Welsh term it the Mother of Wales supplying its defects although for fight it seemeth dry stony and hilly It produceth a sort of Stones called Molares very fit and good for Mill-stones and Grind-stones In this Isle were formerly seated 360 Towns and Villages but at present but 74 and hath intercourse of Traffick with two Markes Towns and hath several good Ports and Harbours as also divers Ferries for the conveyance of Passengers to and fro It s chief places are Beau-Morish Beau-Morish seated on a Moorish-ground but commandeth a fair prospect into the Sea where it hath a very good Harbour for Ships It was built by King Edward the First the better to secure his Conquest who fortified it with a powerful Castle now in good repair It is a pretty good handsom Town Corporate governed by a Major Recorder 2 Bailiffs who are Justices of the Peace and 21 Common Council called Burgesses It is the chief Shire-Town where the Assizes and Sessions are held sends a Burgess to Parliament is indifferently well inhabited and frequented as being the usual place for the reception of Passengers from London to Ireland before their taking Shipping at Holyhead It hath weekly two Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays which are indifferent good Newburgh Newburgh seated near Brant River where it formeth a Bay and falleth into Menai River a small Borough Town governed by a Major 2 Bailiffs and a Recorder and hath a Market on Tuesdays County of Caernarvon described The County of CAERNARVON before Wales was divided into Shires bore the name of Snowden-Forest from the principal Hill therein seated which is of a very great height and extent and affordeth excellent sweet Mutton on the top of this Hill floateth a Meer and maketh a River and falleth into the Sea at Trathe-Mawer It is a County of a sharp Air very Mountainous yet not unfertil and feedeth good Herds of Cattle In this County are seated 68 Parish Churches and hath six Market Towns Caernarvon Caernarvon commodiously seated on the Sea-shoar where it hath an excellent prospect into the Isle of Anglesey It was a place of good account where the Princes of Wales had their Exchequer and Chancery for North-Wales and is a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art being encompassed on all parts except towards the East with the Sea and two Rivers and had a strong Castle where in a Tower thereof called Eagle-Tower Edward the Second the first Prince of Wales was born It is a place of no great extent having but one Parish Church its Houses and Streets are well built and ordered is well inhabited enjoyeth several Immunities sends a Burgess to Parliament is governed by the Constable of the Castle who is ever Major and hath for his assistance an Alderman 2 Bailiffs a Town-Clerk with Sub-Officers and its Market on Saturdays is very good for Corn and Provisions Bangor lowly seated on the Sea-shoar a Town in Ancient time so large Bangor that it was called Bangor the Great and was defended by a powerful Castle which long since was laid level to the ground It is at present but a small City or rather a Town yet dignified with the See of a Bishop its Cathedral is large and well built its Houses indifferent good is pretty well inhabited is governed by the Bishops-Steward who keepeth Court-Leets and Courts-Baron for the Bishop and hath an indifferent good Market on Wednesdays Nigh unto Bangor is Penmaen-maur that is the Great Stony-head Penmaen-maur being an exceeding high and steep Rock which at High-Sea so hangeth over that it affordeth a very narrow and dangerous passage but having passed this and Penmaen-byehan that is the Lesser Stony-head the Country openeth it self in a broad Plain as far as the River Conwey Aberconwey seated at the Mouth of the Conwey Aberconwey raised out of the Ruins of the ancient Canonium of Antonine being strongly fenced both with Walls and a Castle It is a pretty good Town governed by an Alderman and 2 Bailiffs which for largeness and good Buildings doth rather deserve the name of a City than a Town especially were it thicker inhabited and better resorted unto yet its Market which is on Fridays is well served with Provisions and several Country-commodities Pulhely seated on the Sea-shoar and between two Rivers Pulhely a pretty large and indifferent well-built Bailiwick Town which hath a good Market on Wednesdays for Corn and Provisions and enjoyeth a good Trade by Sea County of Denbigh described DENBIGH-SHIRE a Country very Hilly several of which are of so great a height that they retain Snow and the tops thereof in the Summer season are the Country-mans Morning-Almanack to denote a fair day by the rising of certain Vapours It is of a different Soil the Western part being Heathy is much inclined to sterility and but thinly inhabited except the part which lieth towards the Sea the Eastern beyond the Valley is much more barren and the middle where it lieth flat is a pleasant and fertil Vale and well inhabited with Gentry Here are seated 57 Parish Churches and is traded unto by four Market Towns Denbigh seated on the hanging of a Rocky-Hill Denbigh and on a branch of the Cluyd once a place of good strength when fortified with a strong Wall and an impregnable Castle The Town is indifferent large well built inhabited by Glovers and Tanners enjoyeth a good Trade by some esteemed the best Town in North-Wales is governed by 2 Aldermen 2 Bailiffs and 25 Capital Burgesses with sub-Officers electeth a Parliament man and hath a good Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions on Wednesdays Ruthin seated on the Cluyd which washeth a rich Vale Ruthin of note for its once large and fair Castle It is a large well inhabited and frequented Town Corporate governed by 2 Aldermen and Burgesses hath a large Hospital and a Free School governed by a Warden and hath a very considerable Market for Corn and Provisions on Mondays which is esteemed the best in the Vale. Wrexham seated in a good Soil affordeth plenty of Lead Wrexham and on a small River which falleth into the Dee It is an indifferent

and The ater newly erected It enjoyeth ample Immunities keepeth Courts for all Actions without limitation of some hath the election of 4 Burgesses 2 for the University and 2 for the City It is a place very populous and well resorted unto hath weekly two Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays which is the chief and very considerable for Provisions and all sorts of Grain especially Barly and also enjoys a great trade for Mault Burford Burford scituate on an Ascent near the Downs and on the River Windrush which springeth out of the Cotswold a large and fair Town Corporate governed by two Bailiffs and other sub-Officers and hath a well frequented Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions on Saturdays and is of chief note for Saddles here made Woodstock Woodstock a well compacted Borough Town governed by a Major 4 Aldermen c. enjoyeth several Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath an indifferent good Market on Tuesdays It is delightfully seated and of some note for its large Park wherein was Woodstock-Bower built by King Henry the first and where he kept his Mistress the beautiful Rosamond Clifford which was here poysoned by his enraged Queen Elianor Banbury Banbury seated on the Cherwel and in a Flat a pretty large wealthy and beautiful Town Corporate governed by a Major 12 Aldermen c. sends Burgesses to Parliament hath a very considerable Market for Cattle Sheep and Provisions on Thursdays and is of some note for its Cakes and Cheese Tame Tame pleasantly seated on the River so called which with its branches doth almost encompass it and over which it hath a Bridge which leadeth into Buckinghamshire It is a large Town having one spacious Street in the midst of which is the Market-place and its Market which is on Tuesdays is well resorted unto by Grasiers and Butchers from London and other parts it being very considerable for Cattle Henley Henley or Henley upon Thames as being thereon seated over which it hath a fair Bridge a large Town Corporate governed by a Warden for its chief Magistrate enjoyeth a considerable trade for Maulting and much inhabited by Bargmen and Watermen who are employed for the carrying of Mault Wood c. to London and in return bring such commodities as they and the Neighbourhood have occasion of It s Market is on Thursdays which is very considerable for Corn especially Barly there being oft-times about 300 Cartloads sold in one day RVTLAND County of Rutland described the smallest County in the Kingdom making in circumference not above 40 miles and although for quantity the least yet for quality may be compared with the best being of a very fertil Soil both for tillage and pasturage especially about the Vale of Catmose It is well clothed with Wood watered with fresh Streams is blest with a sweet Air and hath more Parks considering its extent than any County in England This County is severed into five Hundreds in which are 48 Parishes and hath two Market Towns viz. Oakham Oakham scituate in the rich and pleasant Valley of Catmose and although not large yet is the Shire Town where the Assizes and Sessions are held its Buildings are indifferent good especially its Church Free School and Hospital here is an old decayed Castle which is now made use of for the Assizes It hath a Market on Saturdays which is indifferently well served with Provisions Vpingham highly seated a neat compacted and well built Town Upingham hath the accommodation of a Free School and an Hospital and its Market which is on Wednesdays is well resorted unto and served with living Cattle Corn and Provisions SHROPSHIRE being a frontier County to Wales County of Salop described is well replenished with Towns and Castles the better to over-awe the Welshmen in the bordering Marches and divers Noblemen in this tract were called Barons of the March and enjoyed in their Territories certain Priviledges and held Courts for the administring of Justice This County is of a fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage abounding in Wheat and Barly is well clothed with Wood feedeth good store of Cattle and in the bowels of the Earth are Mines of Iron and Pit-Coal It is well watered with Rivers as the Tern Clun Rea Teame Roden and Severn being the chief which in a crooked passage severeth the Shire in the midst It is very Hilly and Mountainous especially towards the Southern and Western parts In this County are 170 Parish Churches and hath for its Towns of chief note Shrewsbury raised out of the ancient Vriconium Shrewsbury the Seat of the Princes of Powis until forced thence by the Saxons It is pleasantly seated on an easie Ascent and on the banks of the Severn which almost encompasses it It is a place which for largeness numbring 5 Parish Churches besides a Chapel neatness of Buildings both publick and private largeness and variety of Streets and populousness may be set down in the rank of Cities It is a Town of good strength as well by Nature as Art being fenced about with a strong Wall defended by a Castle Bulwarks and other Fortifications It is a place of a great resort and well inhabited both by English and Welsh and enjoyeth this place being the common Mart between England and Middle Wales The Town enjoys large Immunities keepeth Courts sendeth its Representatives to Parliament hath a large Free School is governed by a Major 24 Aldermen 48 Common Council-men a Recorder Town Clerk with other sub-Officers and hath weekly 3 Markets on Wednesdays for Provisions on Thursdays for Cottons c. here sold in great abundance and thence sent to London and on Saturdays for Cattle and all sorts of Provisions in great plenty Oswestre so called from Oswald King of the Northumbers Oswestre who was here slain in a Battel and cruelly torn in pieces by Penda the Pagan Mercian Prince It is a Town Corporated governed by two Bailists and Burgesses and before the Mart for Welsh Cottons was hence removed to Shrewsbury was of greater account than now it is yet is it of some trade for Flannels and its Market which is on Mondays is well resorted unto and furnished with Cattle and Provisions Wenlock Magna seated in the road from Worcester to Shrewsbury Wenlock Magna a Town Corporate governed by Bailiffs and Burgesses hath the election of Parliament men is of some note for its Lime and Tobacco-pipes here made in great plenty and hath a very good Market on Mondays for Corn and Provisions Bridgnorth a large Town Corporate governed by 2 Bailiffs and Burgesses Bridgnorth and hath the election of Parliament men It is seated on the Severn over which is a fair Stone-bridge is well inhabited containeth 2 Parish Churches and hath a good Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions Ludlow seated on the Temd a Town more fair than ancient Ludlow being beautified with divers good Buildings amongst which is the Palace of the President

Fowl called the Soland-Geese which in many places are taken in very great plenty and are sound very profitable to the Inhabitants not only for their Flesh to eat but for their Feathers and Oil. Their chief Commodities are Course Cloths Freezes Lead-Oar Feathers Sea-Coal Alum Iron Salt Salt-Peter Linnen-Cloth Train-Oil Hops Wood Alablaster some Hides and Tallow c. To the R t Noble Iames Duke of Monmouth Buckleuch Earle of Doncaster Dalkeith Baron of Kendale Mi●eke●● Ashdale Kt. of the Garter one of his Majs most honble prvy Councell This Mapp is most humbly dedicat●● by Ric Blome A MAPP of the Kingdome of SCOTLAND By Ric Blome by His Majys comand Its Inhabitants The Inhabitants especially those Southernly are of a good feature strong of body very hardy couragious and fit for Martial affairs and their Nobility and Gentry which are of several degrees as Dukes Marquesses Earls Viscounts Barons Knights Esquires and Gentlemen are generally very ingenuous and accomplished men in all civil knowledge Nobility and Gentry of Scotland Their Sessions of Parliament This Kingdom like unto England consisteth of a King Nobility Gentry and Commons and these with the Lords Spiritual assemble together in Parliament as often as they are called together by Writ from the King And by reason of his Majesties residence in England so that he is not here at their Sessions of Parliament he constituteth and sendeth one to act as his Vice-Roy who is commonly called Lord Commissioner and such at present is the Right Noble John Duke of Lotherdale c. Things worthy of note Amongst the things worthy of note in this Kingdom for Antiquity famous was that Fortification drawn from Abercorne upon Edenborough Frith unto Alcluyd now called Dunbritton opening upon the West Sea where as Speed noteth Julius Agricola set the limits of the Roman Empire past which according to Tacitus there were no other bounds of Britain to be sought for And here the second Legion of Augusta and the twentieth of Victrix built a part of the Wall as also an ancient coped Monument of an high and round compass which according to the opinions of some was a Temple consecrated to the God Terminus but others there be that will have it to be a Trophy raised by Carausius who fortified this Wall with seven Castles Caledonian Wood. Here began that Wood Caledonia which name Tacitus attributeth to all that Tract of ground which lieth Northward beyond Grahames Dike or the Wall of Antonius Pius which Ptolomy divideth into several Nations as the Caledonii Vacomagi Epidii c. who are all known to the Romans by the general name of the Picts from their painting themselves This Wood or Forrest was very spacious and over-shadowed with Thickets and tall over-spreading Trees which rendred it impassable and was divided by Grampe-Hill now cal●ed Grantzbain that is the crooked bending Mountain Solinus is of opinion that Vlysses was in Caledonia and to confirm his belief therein he saith there was a Votive Altar with an Inscription in Greek Letters Plutarch ●aith that Bears were brought out of Britain to Rome but for more truth 〈◊〉 may be said that here were bred the wild white Bulls a Beast of nature ●erce and cruel whose thick and curled manes resembled the Lions In the ●ays of Severus Argetecox a petty Prince reigned over this Tract of Ground ●hose Wife being reproachfully called by Julia the Empress an Adulteress ●oldly made this Answer We British Dames have to do with the best of men Cámbden p. 32. ●●t you Roman Ladies secretly commit the same with every base and lewd Companion Two famous Loughs In this Kingdom are two famous Loughs Nessa and Lomund the former never Friezeth though in the extreamest cold weather and the waters of the ●atter most raging in the calmest and fairest weather and herein is an Island that the Wind forceth or moveth to and fro In the Rivers Dee and Done besides the great abundance of Salmons is taken a Shell-fish called the Horse-muskle wherein Pearls are engendred which are very good in many Physical Medicines and some of them not much inferiour to the Oriental Pearl Courts of Judicature Court of Parliament As to their Courts of Judicature they are peculiar to themselves and are several The chief amongst which is the High Court of Parliament consisting of Lords and Commons hath the same Authority as that of England and is also summoned by Writ from his Majesty at his pleasure as occasion requireth Colledge of Justice The second Court is the Sessions or Colledge of Justice consisting of a President 14 Senators 7 of the Clergy and as many of the Laity unto whom was afterwards adjoyned the Chancellor who is the chief and 5 other Senators besides 3 principal Scribes or Clerks and as many Advocates as the Senators see convenient And this was thus constituted by King James the Fifth in Anno 1532 after the form of the Parliament at Paris These sit and administer Justice with equity and reason and not according to the rigour of the Law every day except Sundays and Mondays from the first of Novemb. to the 15 of March and from Trinity Sunday to the first Calends of August and all the time between as being either Seed-time or Harvest is vacation They give judgment according to the Parliament Statutes and Municipal Laws and where they are defective they have recourse to the Imperial Civil Law Other Courts There are likewise in every Shire or County inferiour Civil Judicatories or Courts kept wherein the Sheriff of the Shire or his Deputy decideth the Controversies and Law-suits of the Inhabitants from which there are oft-times Appeals to the Sessions or Colledge of Justice And these Sheriffs are for the most part Hereditary Besides these Courts there are other Judicatories which they call Commissariots the highest whereof is kept at Edenburgh and these have to do with Ecclesiastical affairs as Wills and Testaments Divorcements Tithes c. In criminal Causes the Kings Chief Justice holdeth his Court at Edenburgh Likewise the Sheriffs in their Territories and the Magistrates in some Boroughs may sit in Judgment of Manslaughter in case the Manslayer be taken within 24 hours after the fact committed and being found guilty by a Jury may be put to death but if the said limited time is past the matter is referred and put over to the Kings Justice or his Deputies There are also Civil Courts in every Regality holden by their Bailiffs Ecclesiastical Government This Kingdom as to Ecclesiastical Government is divided into two Archbishopricks viz. of St. Andrews the Primate of Scotland and of Glasco and under these are several Suffragan-Bishops viz. under him of St. Andrews those of Dunkeld Aberdon Murray Dunblan Berohiu Ross Cathanes and Orkney And under him of Glasco those of Galloway Argile or Lismore and the Isles Ancient Inhabitants of Scotland The ancient People of this Kingdom were 1.

Isle called Mahatan regarding the Sea made so by Hudsons River which separates it from Long Island The Town is large containing about 500 well built houses and for Civil Government it hath a Major Aldermen Sheriff and Justices of the Peace for security of the Town here is raised a Fort called James Fort a place of considerable strength The Town is Inhabited by Dutch as well as English and hath a considerable Trade with the Indians and is like to be a place of considerable Account Province of Maryland described MARYLAND is South of Virginia from which it is severed by the River Patowmeck The Bay of Chesopeak giving entrance to Ships into Virginia and Maryland passeth through the heart of this Province and is Navigable for about 200 miles into which fall the Rivers of Patowmeck Patuxent Severn and Sasquesahanough which lie on the West side of the Bay and to the East those of Choptanke Nantecoke Pocomoke with some others to the great improvement of the soil The Country of late years since the felling the Woods and the people accustoming themselves to English dyet is very healthful and agreeable to their Constitutions few dying at their first coming of the Countreys disease or seasoning and as to temperature of the Air the Heats in Summer nor the Colds in winter are offensive to its Inhabitants It s soil The soyl is rich and fertil naturally producing all such Commodities as are found in New England and doth abound in the said several sorts of Beasts and Fowl both tame and wild hath also the same Fish Fruits Plants Roots Herbs Trees Gums Balsams c. but the Fruits are more excellent and in greater plenty here Mulberry trees grow wild and were the people industrious the Silk trade might be soon brought to perfection but their imployment is altogether taken up in planting and ordering their Tobacco Trade which is the only and Staple Commodity of the Countrey which they vend for such necessaries as they have occasion for They yearly freighing about one hundred sail of Ships there with People The Natives as to their Complexion Stature Costoms Laws Religions Dispositions Habit Dyet c. are much the same with the Indians in the other parts of America and are of divers Tribes or sorts of People and each governed by their particular King This Province of Maryland is by Patent granted to the Right Honourable the Lord Baltimore and to his Heirs and Assigns being absolute Lord and Proprietor of the same having Royal Jurisdictions and Prerogatives both Military and Civil as making of Laws pardoning of Offences conferring of Honours Coyning of Money c. and in acknowledgment thereof paying yearly to his Majesty and his Successors two Indian Arrows at Windsor Castle on Easter Tuesday This Province is severed into ten Counties viz. five Eastwards Division of the Province into Counties and five Westwards of Chesopeak Bay and in every County there is held an inferiour Court every two months for small matters from which there lyeth Appeals to the Provincial Court at St. Maryes and each County have their Sheriffs Government and Justice of the Peace The English which are reckoned about 16000 have begun of late to build some Towns which 't is hoped in few years will come to good perfection as Calverton Herrington and Harvy-Town all commodiously seated for the benefit of Trade and conveniency of Shipping but the principal Town is St. Maryes seated on St. Georges River beautified with several well built houses where his Lordship Charles Lord Baltimore hath his House and where the general Assemblies and Provincial Courts are held and publick Offices kept But his Lordship 's general Residence is at Mattapany about eight miles distant where he hath a fair and pleasant house Virginia by whom first descovered VIRGINIA is said to be first discovered by Sir Francis Drake as indeed all this tract of Sea Coast and was so named by Sir Walter Rawleigh in honour of Queen Elizabeth who then Reigned but before it was brought to any perfection much time was spent with no small expence and loss of mens lives And about the Reign of K. James a Patent was granted to certain persons as a Corporation and called the Company of Adventurers of Virginia but upon divers misdemeanours and miscarriages about the year 1623 the Patent was made void and hath been since free for all his Majesties Subjects to Trade unto It is scituate Southwards of Maryland Its Bounds and hath for its Eastern limits the Atlantick Ocean It is blest with a good Air and the Clime of late since the clearing of woods is found very agreeable to the English so that few die of the Country disease called seasoning It s Fertility The soil is so fertil that an Acre of ground commonly yields 200 bushels of Corn and is very apt to produce what is put therein as English Grains Roots Seeds Plants Fruits c. besides those appropriate to the Country and other adjacent parts of America and it is observed that their Fruits which are in great abundance and of various sorts for goodness may compare with those of Italy or Spain which are esteemed the best in Europe They have great abundance of Beasts Fowl and Fish It s Beast Fowl and Fish much the same as in New England which I have taken notice of in New England and their Turkeys are said to weigh about six stone amongst their small Birds is the Mock-Bird which counterfeiteth the notes of all Birds for which it is esteemed excellent Its Commodities The Commodities which this Country doth or may produce are Flase Hemp Woad Madder Pot-Ashes Hopps Honey Wax Rapeseed Anniceseed Silk if they would make it Mulberry Trees here growing in so great plenty several sweet Gums and excellent Balsomes Alome Iron Copper several sorts of Woods Plants c. used by Dyers Pitch Tarr Rosin Turpentine sundry sorts of rich Furrs Elk-skins and other Hides but above all Tobacco which is their principal Commodity and the standard by which all other Commodities are prized but it were to be wished the Inhabitants would imploy their time about other Commodities as well as Tobacco and they would soon find the profit and their Tobacco would not be such a drugg as now it is Its Rivers This Countrey is well watered with several great and strong Rivers which loose themselves in the Gulph or Bay of Chesopeak which gives entrance for Shipping into this Countrey as well as to Maryland and is a large and capacious Bay found very commodious for Shipping being said to run up into the Country Northwards above 200 miles amongst the Rivers those of most note are Pawhatan now James River found Navigable about 150 miles Pamaunke now York River also large and Navigable about 60 miles and Rapahanock which is long and Navigable about 120 miles And near or adjoyning to these Rivers for the conveniency of Shipping the English are seated