for_o above_o a_o hundred_o pound_n shall_v be_v sustain_v except_o it_o be_v otherwise_o warrant_v then_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o clerk_n albeit_o by_o the_o 75._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n ja._n 5._o the_o baron_n precept_n for_o summons_n in_o that_o court_n be_v so_o call_v shall_v be_v execute_v as_o summons_n before_o the_o lord_n and_o copy_n shall_v be_v leave_v and_o they_o endorse_v upon_o yet_o the_o 11._o of_o july_n 1634._o hay_o against_o airth_n it_o be_v find_v that_o execution_n by_o a_o baron_n officer_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o give_v in_o writ_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v probable_a by_o witness_n iii_o a_o baron_n have_v power_n may_v judge_v of_o theft_n if_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v in_o the_o fang_n quon_n attach_v cap._n 100_o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o baro_fw-la qui_fw-la libertatem_fw-la habet_fw-la de_fw-la sock_n &_o sack_n towle_z &_o theme_n possunt_fw-la judicare_fw-la furem_fw-la sasitum_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la furto_fw-la manifesto_fw-la sicut_fw-la haud_fw-la haebband_n &_o back_o beirand_a de_fw-fr praxi_fw-la baron_n do_v not_o punish_v slaughter_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o do_v so_o because_o 1._o the_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n will_v import_v the_o power_n of_o judge_a life_n and_o death_n 2._o by_o the_o 77._o cap._n quon_n attach_v omnes_fw-la barrones_n qui_fw-la habent_fw-la furcam_fw-la &_o fossam_fw-la de_fw-la latrocinio_fw-la de_fw-la hominis_fw-la occissione_n habeant_fw-la furcam_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la curiam_fw-la as_o the_o marginal_a note_n bear_v and_o by_o the_o 13._o cap._n leg._n mal._n 2._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o malefactor_n who_o hold_v of_o baron_n may_v be_v condemn_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o other_o malefactor_n be_v except_o in_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o which_o baron_n have_v no_o power_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v very_o clear_o infer_v that_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la other_o crime_n they_o have_v nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la 3._o by_o the_o 91._o act_n parl._n 1_o i._o 2._o it_o be_v statute_n if_o a_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o barony_n if_o the_o baron_n be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n he_o may_v proceed_v as_o the_o sheriff_n do_v and_o albeit_o hope_v in_o his_o large_a practic_n observe_n that_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n if_o he_o be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n may_v receive_v various_a interpretation_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o interpretation_n they_o can_v proper_o receive_v except_o this_o that_o these_o word_n be_v mean_v if_o he_o have_v the_o jurisdiction_n proper_a and_o competent_a to_o a_o baron_n which_o be_v pit_n and_o gallow_n nam_fw-la verba_fw-la generabia_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la sunt_fw-la secundum_fw-la subjectam_fw-la materiam_fw-la albeit_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v one_o of_o the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n yet_o a_o baron_n may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o and_o punish_v the_o raiser_n of_o fire_n rash_o within_o husband_n town_n in_o the_o barony_n i._o 1._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 75._o the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v if_o fire_n happen_v within_o husband_n town_n of_o barony_n we_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o their_o lord_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o bailiff_n in_o town_n do_v within_o burgh_n in_o which_o act_n by_o the_o word_n lord_n be_v mean_v baron_n for_o they_o be_v in_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n call_v lord_n of_o their_o own_o land_n or_o barony_n a_o baron_n may_v unlaw_n for_o absence_n for_o ten_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o and_o for_o blood_n he_o may_v unlaw_n for_o fifty_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o vitle_n fourteen_o of_o justice_n of_o peace_n our_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v call_v irenarchae_fw-la which_o signify_v in_o the_o greek_a the_o keeper_n of_o the_o peace_n irenarchae_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la tutelam_fw-la quietis_fw-la ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la per_fw-la singula_fw-la territoria_fw-la faciunt_fw-la stare_v concordiam_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la etiam_fw-la latrunculatores_fw-la sen_fw-la latronum_fw-la expulsores_fw-la their_o office_n be_v to_o apprehend_v rebel_n and_o thief_n who_o they_o can_v only_o examine_v and_o send_v to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n but_o can_v not_o judge_v they_o themselves_o their_o office_n be_v more_o full_o describe_v lib._n 10._o c._n tit_n 75._o but_o to_o speak_v proper_o latrunculatores_fw-la be_v our_o constable_n call_v by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d justice_n of_o peace_n and_o constable_n be_v once_o full_o settle_v among_o we_o by_o k._n i._n 6._o but_o their_o office_n have_v fall_v in_o desuetude_n it_o be_v revive_v by_o 38._o act_n 1._o parl._n 1_o sess._n k._n ch._n the_o 2._o by_o this_o act_n they_o be_v allow_v to_o meet_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n and_o to_o adjudge_v of_o servant_n fee_n and_o of_o mend_v the_o high_a way_n they_o have_v power_n to_o punish_v the_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v green_a wood_n slayer_n of_o red_a and_o black_a fish_n maker_n of_o moorburn_a keeper_n of_o crooves_n wilful_a beggar_n egyptian_n and_o their_o receptor_n drunkard_n prophaner_n of_o the_o sabbath_n as_o to_o all_o which_o his_o majesty_n promise_v to_o give_v they_o ample_a commission_n and_o to_o the_o end_n their_o power_n may_v not_o prejudge_v any_o other_o court_n former_o erect_v it_o be_v appoint_v by_o that_o act_n that_o fifteen_o day_n shall_v expire_v after_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o committer_n be_v to_o be_v convene_v which_o interval_n be_v give_v to_o the_o judge_n competent_a to_o do_v diligence_n and_o if_o he_o omit_v the_o same_o during_o that_o time_n than_o the_o justice_n may_v judge_v the_o same_o and_o one_o justice_n have_v power_n to_o bind_v the_o party_n complain_v upon_o to_o the_o peace_n under_o such_o pecunial_a sum_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o either_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o complainer_n who_o shall_v give_v his_o oath_n that_o he_o dread_v harm_n or_o the_o justice_n himself_o may_v exact_v the_o sum_n though_o none_o complain_v and_o if_o any_o person_n be_v charge_v to_o make_v his_o appearance_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n shall_v refuse_v it_o he_o be_v a_o land_a man_n who_o rent_n exceed_v a_o thousand_o mark_n or_o ten_o chalder_n of_o victual_n than_o he_o shall_v inform_v any_o of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n or_o if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n he_o may_v cause_n bring_v he_o by_o force_n before_o himself_o if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n condemn_v any_o person_n in_o blood-weit_a or_o any_o other_o pain_n but_o not_o proportional_o to_o the_o offence_n then_o the_o justice_n shall_v inform_v the_o privy_a council_n that_o they_o may_v take_v order_n therewith_o but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o satisfaction_n make_v by_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n to_o the_o party_n the_o justice_n may_v modify_v a_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n do_v by_o collusion_n clear_v the_o delinquent_n of_o a_o assize_n the_o party_n once_o clear_v be_v not_o to_o be_v further_o question_v but_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o all_o riot_n and_o break_v of_o peace_n if_o the_o committeeâ—s_v be_v under_o the_o degree_n of_o nobleman_n prelate_n counsellor_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n who_o may_v refer_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o party_n oath_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o summon_v and_o thereupon_o hold_v he_o as_o confess_v but_o if_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o personal_o execute_v than_o the_o defender_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v of_o new_a at_o his_o dwell_a house_n and_o these_o two_o citation_n at_o his_o dwell_a house_n shall_v be_v equivalent_a to_o one_o that_o be_v personal_a if_o the_o committer_n be_v above_o the_o foresay_a quality_n than_o the_o justice_n though_o they_o can_v judge_v they_o may_v for_o prevent_v of_o riot_n command_v they_o to_o find_v caution_n for_o keep_v of_o the_o peace_n and_o to_o compear_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o though_o they_o compear_v not_o yet_o whatever_o breach_n they_o commit_v in_o the_o interim_n shall_v be_v repute_n as_o great_a a_o contravention_n as_o if_o they_o have_v find_v caution_n at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o quarter_n session_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v to_o send_v to_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o council_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o they_o either_o have_v commit_v or_o have_v under_o surety_n with_o a_o short_a abreviat_fw-la of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o which_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o the_o former_a title_n call_v transmittere_fw-la cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o council_n may_v determine_v betwixt_o and_o the_o quarter_n session_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o
regality_n be_v in_o law_n no_o part_n of_o the_o regality_n but_o off_o the_o royalty_n and_o that_o such_o as_o live_v in_o these_o palace_n can_v not_o be_v cite_v at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o regality_n but_o at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o 11._o of_o january_n 1662._o l._n carnegie_n against_o the_o lord_n cranburn_n iv._o whether_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n be_v controvert_v with_o we_o and_o if_o he_o may_v certain_o he_o may_v thereby_o evacuat_v the_o office_n of_o sheriff-ship_n though_o buy_v with_o real_a money_n which_o be_v hard_a and_o yet_o the_o exchequer_n past_o a_o signator_n of_o drumlanrig_n albeit_o niddisdale_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o which_o sheriff-ship_n it_o be_v erect_v be_v a_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n and_o the_o like_a decision_n be_v relate_v by_o hop_v m._n h._n t._n and_o the_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o his_o majesty_n by_o grant_v a_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n alter_v not_o its_o nature_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o sheriff-ship_n be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v not_o thereby_o divest_v of_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o sheriff_n appoint_v be_v but_o his_o majesty_n deput_n his_o creation_n can_v hinder_v his_o majesty_n to_o erect_v a_o new_a jurisdiction_n within_o its_o bound_n as_o he_o may_v erect_v a_o burgh-royal_a therein_o or_o a_o justiciary_a etc._n etc._n when_o land_n be_v dispon_v in_o conjunctsee_n the_o heritor_n retain_v still_o the_o office_n of_o regality_n hop_v hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi v._o albeit_o it_o be_v regular_o true_a that_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v the_o same_o jurisdiction_n with_o his_o majesty_n justice_n yet_o this_o rule_n suffer_v two_o exception_n 1._o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n to_o which_o the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a and_o that_o not_o only_a where_o the_o treason_n libel_v amount_v to_o the_o crime_n of_o perduellion_n but_o even_o in_o statutory_a treason_n such_o as_o fire_n of_o coal-heughs_a theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o lawyer_n be_v likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o these_o crime_n which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n robbery_n murder_n fire-raising_a and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n which_o opinion_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o 2._o cap._n leg_n malcolm_n 2._o by_o which_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o all_o robber_n force_n of_o woman_n murderers_z of_o man_n and_o burner_n of_o house_n shall_v answer_v before_o the_o king_n justiciar_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v pley_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o the_o 14._o cap._n stat._n alex._n 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o in_o all_o the_o court_n of_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o the_o lord_n whatsoever_o these_o four_o pley_n shall_v be_v reserve_v from_o their_o court_n to_o the_o king_n own_o court_n because_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o 76._o cap._n quon_n attach_v likeas_n skeen_n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n upon_o the_o word_n placitum_fw-la be_v clear_a that_o these_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o crown_n jurisdiction_n or_o justice-general_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o treason_n he_o there_o likewise_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v call_v placita_fw-la from_o the_o french_a word_n placitare_fw-la which_o signify_v litigare_fw-la as_o mollineus_fw-la observe_v sup._n cur_n parl._n parti_fw-la primo_fw-la cap._n sexto_fw-la and_o yet_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la lord_n of_o regality_n do_v ordinary_o judge_v upon_o these_o crime_n without_o any_o commission_n and_o i_o find_v that_o the_o 22._o of_o july_n brown_n be_v assoilzy_v from_o a_o pursuit_n of_o fire-raising_a because_o he_o have_v be_v former_o pursue_v before_o the_o marquis_n of_o hamiltoun_n and_o assoilzy_v action_n of_o deforcement_n also_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v intent_a before_o the_o justice_n can_v be_v repledged_a for_o the_o king_n messenger_n be_v then_o deforce_v it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o seek_v justice_n from_o inferior_a judge_n where_o his_o officer_n of_o state_n can_v attend_v to_o pursue_v and_o cap._n 27._o l._n 4._o reg._n maj._n it_o be_v say_v that_o ad_fw-la solam_fw-la curiam_fw-la regis_fw-la pertinet_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la namo_fw-la vetito_fw-la and_o this_o the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o 23._o of_o november_n 1675._o in_o the_o case_n of_o william_n crighton_n though_o the_o debate_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v book_v the_o 2._o exception_n be_v that_o no_o bailie_n of_o regality_n can_v repledge_v from_o justice_n air_n act_n 29._o parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o which_o be_v likewise_o statute_n former_o by_o the_o 26._o act_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 6._o but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n may_v sit_v with_o the_o justice-general_a yet_o see_v the_o foresaid_a act_n of_o the_o 11._o parl._n king_n ja._n 6_o allow_v only_a no_o repledgiation_n to_o be_v from_o justice_n air_n hold_v by_o the_o justice-general_a it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o when_o justice_n air_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o justice_n depute_v or_o other_o by_o virtue_n of_o particular_a commission_n there_o may_v not_o be_v repledgiation_n allow_v in_o that_o case_n but_o i_o think_v there_o can_v see_v the_o act_n of_o parl._n ja._n 2._o be_v general_a and_o skeen_n remark_n this_o as_o a_o privilege_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n qua_fw-la talis_fw-la vi_o regality_n be_v divide_v with_o we_o in_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a ecclesiastic_a regality_n be_v such_o as_o be_v erect_v in_o favour_n of_o bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n and_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o abbacy_n in_o scotland_n which_o be_v not_o erect_v in_o regality_n and_o when_o these_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o foresay_a 29._o act_n parl._n 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o bailie_n or_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o power_n he_o have_v before_o to_o repledge_a from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o justice-general_a in_o case_n he_o have_v prevent_v the_o justice-general_a by_o apprehend_v or_o cite_v the_o person_n before_o he_o be_v apprehend_v or_o cite_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o the_o justice_n have_v prevent_v as_o say_v be_v than_o the_o bailie_n or_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n shall_v not_o have_v power_n to_o repledge_a but_o he_o may_v sit_v with_o the_o justice-general_a if_o he_o please_v so_o that_o in_o effect_n by_o this_o act_n there_o be_v difference_n betwixt_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a regality_n that_o in_o laic_a regality_n there_o be_v a_o right_n of_o repledge_v still_o as_o say_v be_v whereas_o ecclesiastic_a regality_n have_v not_o this_o privilege_n except_o they_o preveen_v the_o justice_n but_o otherwise_o the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n may_v only_o sit_v with_o they_o which_o difference_n seem_v to_o â—e_v acknowledge_v in_o the_o debate_n at_o his_o majesty_n advocat_n instance_n against_o several_a forestallers_a upon_o the_o 26._o of_o june_n 1596._o and_o thus_o mr._n john_n prestoun_n then_o depute_v to_o the_o regality_n of_o musselburgh_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o repledge_a but_o to_o sit_v with_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o some_o witch_n upon_o the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1661._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n be_v that_o the_o regality_n have_v be_v only_o grant_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o religious_a house_n which_o be_v suppress_v the_o regality_n become_v extinguish_v with_o they_o and_o his_o majesty_n have_v ex_fw-la gratia_fw-la only_o renew_v their_o office_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n he_o think_v that_o they_o be_v abundant_o gratify_v by_o this_o new_a concession_n without_o allow_v they_o the_o power_n to_o exclude_v his_o own_o justice_n in_o case_n of_o prevention_n and_o this_o be_v also_o a_o favour_n to_o the_o liedge_n in_o not_o trouble_v they_o with_o two_o court_n nor_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n much_o prejudge_v for_o by_o this_o same_o act_n they_o retain_v the_o whole_a right_n to_o the_o escheat_n and_o fine_n even_o of_o these_o who_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v right_a to_o the_o escheat_n of_o such_o as_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o 22._o of_o july_n 1664._o elizabeth_n sutherland_n contra_fw-la conradge_n so_o that_o this_o hold_v not_o only_a where_o the_o justice_n sit_v with_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n but_o likewise_o where_o the_o justice_n condemn_v without_o the_o other_o concourse_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o since_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n serve_v not_o in_o that_o case_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o get_v these_o casualty_n which_o be_v the_o reward_n due_a to_o these_o who_o do_v justice_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v himself_o only_o to_o
reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la conditione_n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la animatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o perduellion_n be_v hostilis_fw-la animus_n a_o design_n of_o raise_v arms._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o not_o only_o statutory_a treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n but_o that_o even_o simple_a conceal_n and_o not_o reveal_v or_o a_o malicious_a design_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n and_o such_o other_o treason_n as_o show_v not_o a_o desire_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o yet_o the_o basil._n l._n 12._o h._n t._n say_v that_o all_o the_o head_n of_o treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n excepto_fw-la capite_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o insidiarum_fw-la contra_fw-la principem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o defunct_a traitor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v up_o and_o bring_v to_o the_o panel_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o restalrig_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o defunct_n near_o of_o kin_n be_v call_v as_o defender_n for_o their_o interest_n both_o because_o their_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o forefaultur_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v defend_v the_o defunct_a and_o object_n both_o against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o the_o hability_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n add_v very_o well_o that_o haereditas_fw-la publicatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la crimen_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o since_o the_o forefault_a after_o death_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o former_a act_n bear_v express_o that_o these_o pursuit_n may_v be_v intend_v conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o these_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v with_o we_o in_o five_o year_n as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o shall_v since_o these_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la sequi_fw-la incommodum_fw-la the_o six_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n to_o the_o assize_n in_o perduellion_n though_o in_o other_o case_n the_o pannel_n advocat_n be_v to_o be_v last_o speaker_n and_o the_o last_o speaker_n have_v much_o advantage_n for_o he_o may_v answer_v all_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o opponent_n art_n 11._o regulation_n 1670._o xxiii_o the_o last_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o albeit_o of_o old_a no_o person_n can_v be_v condemn_v in_o absence_n by_o the_o justice_n yet_o the_o parliament_n still_o can_v have_v proceed_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n and_o now_o by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o perduellion_n and_o of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o probation_n and_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n even_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v first_o propound_v as_o a_o querie_n to_o the_o council_n they_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o session_n to_o who_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n give_v in_o the_o follow_a reason_n and_o query_n upon_o the_o 15._o august_n 1667._o whether_o or_o not_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n albeit_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n upon_o citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n and_o evidence_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n and_o doom_n of_o forefaultur_n if_o the_o ditty_n be_v prove_v the_o reason_n of_o scruple_n be_v that_o process_n of_o forefaultur_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a and_o that_o in_o other_o ordinary_a crime_n the_o defender_n if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a reason_n appear_v to_o be_v strong_a and_o relevant_a for_o the_o affirmative_a 1._o by_o the_o common_a law_n albeit_o a_o party_n absent_a can_v be_v condemn_v for_o a_o crime_n yet_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la exceptum_fw-la this_o be_v a_o speciality_n that_o absent_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v 2._o by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 5_o his_o 6._o parliament_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v good_a cause_n and_o action_n to_o pursue_v all_o summons_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n and_o commonwealth_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o good_a equity_n and_o reason_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o special_a law_n act_n or_o provision_n make_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o see_v by_o the_o common_a law_n person_n guilty_a of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v though_o they_o be_v absent_a it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n shall_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_n person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o absent_a and_o that_o he_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o say_a act_n so_o to_o do_v 3._o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o law_n equity_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a case_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o a_o worse_o by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o a_o traitor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o addition_n if_o any_o can_v be_v add_v to_o so_o high_a a_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v impunity_n and_o his_o majesty_n prejudge_v of_o the_o casuality_n arise_v to_o he_o by_o his_o forefaultur_n 4._o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o use_n to_o proceed_v and_o pronounce_v doom_n of_o forefaultur_n though_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o and_o by_o a_o legislative_a power_n but_o as_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n what_o be_v just_a before_o they_o be_v just_a and_o warrantable_a before_o other_o judicatories_n in_o the_o like_a case_n 5._o by_o the_o abovementioned_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o summon_v and_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v intent_a and_o pursue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o delinquent_n either_o his_o memory_n or_o estate_n delate_v the_o one_o and_o forefault_v the_o other_o whereupon_o sentence_n may_v follow_v to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a and_o therefore_o see_v sentence_n may_v follow_v when_o the_o delinquent_n can_v be_v present_a and_o be_v not_o in_o be_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o when_o they_o be_v wilful_o and_o contumacious_o absent_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v if_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n for_o punish_v and_o forefault_v of_o person_n be_v absent_a or_o that_o he_o shall_v wait_v till_o they_o die_v especial_o see_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o probation_n may_v perish_v by_o decease_n of_o the_o witness_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n their_o opinion_n edinburgh_n the_o 26._o of_o february_n 1667._o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n have_v consider_v the_o query_n above-written_a present_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n bellenden_n his_o majesty_n thesaurer_n depute_v it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o upon_o the_o justice_n citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n take_v before_o they_o the_o judge_n and_o assize_n may_v proceed_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n thereintil_o and_o forefaulter_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n though_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a sic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la io._n gilmore_n i._n p._n d._n upon_o this_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o process_n lead_v against_o these_o person_n and_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n parl._n 2._o ch._n 2._o ses._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o and_o judge_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o the_o parliament_n retain_v still_o a_o power_n cumulative_a with_o the_o justice_n and_o when_o process_n of_o treason_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o they_o may_v proceed_v as_o former_o and_o think_v this_o last_o act_n a_o great_a innovation_n of_o all_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o imaginable_a but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v safe_a that_o that_o privilege_n will_v have_v be_v grant_v to_o his_o majesty_n former_o and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o l._n penult_n ff_n de_fw-fr requirendis_fw-la eris_fw-la nam_fw-la annotabantur_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la post_fw-la anum_fw-la non_fw-la comparuerit_fw-la &_o satis_fw-la dederit_fw-la de_fw-la stando_fw-la non_fw-la recuperabit_fw-la
proportionable_a to_o the_o violence_n offer_v by_o the_o aggressor_n and_o so_o exceed_v not_o moderamen_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la for_o the_o say_a panel_n strike_v not_o he_o with_o any_o mortal_a weapon_n but_o only_o give_v he_o a_o thrust_n with_o his_o hand_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o throw_v the_o defunct_a off_o he_o upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n only_o to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la and_o remit_v also_o the_o panel_n defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n self-defence_n and_o that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o inquest_n xi_o it_o be_v here_o controvert_v whether_o he_o who_o intend_v to_o kill_v one_o by_o a_o mistake_n kill_v not_o he_o but_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o murderer_n see_v as_o to_o the_o person_n kill_v the_o murderer_n have_v no_o design_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v die_v see_v the_o design_n of_o kill_v a_o man_n and_o not_o any_o one_o particular_a man_n be_v murder_n and_o the_o killer_n intend_v to_o deface_v god_n almighty_n image_n and_o to_o take_v from_o the_o king_n a_o subject_a and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v murder_n by_o bolton_n cap._n 11._o num_fw-la 24._o by_o who_o likewise_o it_o be_v give_v as_o a_o rule_n nihil_fw-la interest_n utrum_fw-la quis_fw-la occidat_fw-la a_o acausam_fw-la mortis_fw-la prabeat_fw-la and_o thus_o a_o son_n for_o have_v carry_v his_o father_n be_v sick_a in_o a_o frosty_a night_n from_o one_o town_n to_o another_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n because_o the_o father_n die_v and_o a_o harlot_n have_v expose_v her_o child_n in_o a_o orchard_n where_o a_o kite_n kill_v it_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n also_o &_o ibi_fw-la volunt_fw-la as_o reputatur_fw-la pro_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o murder_n this_o crime_n may_v be_v palliate_v under_o other_o shape_n this_o defence_n viz._n that_o the_o killer_n have_v no_o design_n to_o murder_n be_v a_o negative_a and_o so_o can_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o deadly_a fead_z former_o among_o the_o party_n 2._o if_o the_o party_n be_v kinsman_n or_o intimat_n 3._o if_o the_o killer_n strike_v with_o a_o staff_n have_v a_o sword_n or_o pistol_n or_o have_v these_o strike_v only_o with_o the_o hilt_n of_o his_o sword_n or_o with_o the_o head_n of_o his_o pistol_n and_o general_o it_o be_v rather_o presume_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la culposom_n then_o dolosum_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la nam_fw-la nunquam_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la dolus_fw-la by_o our_o law_n slaughter_n and_o murder_n do_v of_o old_a differ_v as_o homicidium_fw-la simplex_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o murder_v only_o commit_v as_o we_o call_v it_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v only_o proper_o call_v murder_n and_o punish_v as_o such_o k._n ja._n par._n 3._o cap._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o murder_n be_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v but_o chaudmella_n or_o slaughter_v commit_v upon_o sudden_o shall_v only_o be_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n vid._n act_n 95.96_o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o &_o 22._o par._n 4_o i._n 5_o &_o 35._o par._n 5._o ja._n 3._o &_o act_n 31._o par._n 6._o q_o m._n the_o old_a law_n to_o which_o these_o act_n relate_v be_v statute_n william_n c._n 5._o stat._n allexander_n c._n 6._o stat._n rob._n 2._o c._n 9_o in_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o murderer_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o forethought_a felony_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n of_o refuge_n in_o the_o girth_n but_o that_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o chaudmella_n or_o casual_a slaughter_n shall_v be_v shelter_v in_o the_o girth_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o none_o of_o these_o be_v in_o any_o other_o old_a statute_n to_o determine_v punishment_n of_o casual_a slaughter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murder_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o opposition_n and_o in_o all_o our_o law_n betwixt_o single_a slaughter_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n all_o casual_a slaughter_n be_v of_o old_a comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n chaudmella_n which_o be_v a_o french_a word_n chaud_fw-fr signify_v hot_a and_o mesler_n signify_v to_o mix_v but_o in_o effect_n this_o melletum_fw-la answer_n proper_o to_o rixa_fw-la &_o homicidium_fw-la in_fw-la rixa_fw-la commissum_fw-la which_o be_v but_o one_o species_n homicidii_fw-la non_fw-la dolosi_fw-la xii_o by_o the_o late_a 22._o act_n parl._n 1_o ch._n 2._o sess._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o casual_a homicide_n homicide_n commit_v in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o thief_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o see_v this_o act_n mention_n not_o homicide_n commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o homicidum_fw-la culposum_fw-la and_o see_v homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la differ_v from_o casual_a homicide_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o under_o the_o one_o the_o other_o may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o casual_a homicide_n be_v in_o this_o act_n a_o general_a term_n comprehend_v all_o homicide_n which_o be_v not_o commit_v by_o forethought_a felony_n because_o what_o be_v not_o design_v be_v casual_a and_o what_o be_v not_o forethought_a be_v casual_a and_o the_o doctor_n do_v use_v the_o word_n casual_a oftentimes_o in_o this_o general_a sense_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o gothofred_n prax_fw-la crim_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o this_o act_n which_o bear_v a_o act_n concern_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o casual_a homicide_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n casual_a be_v take_v there_o in_o a_o lax_n signification_n albeit_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o inscription_n be_v most_o improper_a see_v homicide_n in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o robber_n be_v not_o species_n of_o casual_a homicide_n but_o whether_o homicide_n in_o rixa_fw-la be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o act_n be_v controvert_v in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n and_o by_o that_o decision_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o in_o in_o our_o law_n though_o murder_n be_v not_o at_o first_o design_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v design_v the_o time_n the_o stroke_n be_v give_v the_o killer_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o premeditation_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v murder_n capital_a be_v only_o such_o as_o antecedit_fw-la actum_fw-la licet_fw-la non_fw-la congressum_fw-la the_o civilian_n in_o the_o case_n of_o homicidium_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la commissum_fw-la state_n three_o question_n the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v upon_o forethought_a felony_n and_o then_o indefinite_o all_o the_o assister_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o second_o be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a but_o it_o be_v only_o suspect_v and_o presumeable_a that_o it_o be_v deliberate_o commit_v and_o then_o all_o may_v be_v torture_v but_o if_o they_o deny_v the_o design_n they_o be_v all_o only_a punishable_a by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o murder_n be_v certain_o commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o tuilzie_a and_o then_o either_o the_o author_n of_o the_o pley_n be_v certain_o know_v and_o he_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n albeit_o many_o lawyer_n be_v positive_a that_o no_o country_n use_v this_o rigour_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n this_o be_v urge_v for_o there_o several_a gentleman_n have_v make_v a_o quarrel_n which_o be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n they_o go_v to_o the_o field_n of_o lie_v and_o hoom_n of_o eccles_n be_v kill_v but_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v who_o be_v the_o killer_n and_o the_o quarrel_n be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n who_o likewise_o prove_v that_o spot_n have_v the_o quarrel_n with_o eccles_n and_o that_o william_n dowglas_n have_v none_o and_o yet_o the_o assize_n find_v william_n guilty_a and_o he_o thereupon_o die_v because_o present_v xiii_o homicide_n likewise_o commit_v upon_o thief_n and_o robber_n break_v house_n in_o the_o night_n or_o commit_v in_o time_n of_o masterful_a depradation_n be_v free_a from_o punishment_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 22._o and_o albeit_o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_a such_o as_o be_v assoilzy_v from_o murder_n upon_o the_o defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n and_o homicide_n in_o defence_n yet_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n or_o night_n thief_n be_v free_a from_o all_o arbitrary_a punishment_n by_o this_o act_n likewise_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o as_o assist_v or_o defend_v the_o depredator_n or_o oppose_v their_o pursuit_n by_o force_n and_o by_o the_o 6._o act_n of_o the_o second_o session_n of_o that_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o party_n who_o good_n be_v rob_v shall_v acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n of_o the_o paroch_n who_o shall_v require_v all_o party_n to_o concur_v and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o
prove_v design_n which_o be_v a_o secret_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n all_o kill_v be_v always_o punishable_a by_o death_n except_o some_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o chance_n self-defence_n etc._n etc._n be_v allege_v upon_o by_o the_o panel_n it_o may_v be_v here_o ask_v if_o by_o our_o law_n he_o who_o strike_v with_o his_o fist_n or_o a_o batton_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o no_o mortal_a weapon_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o the_o party_n strike_v there_o by_o he_o die_v and_o it_o will_v seem_v hard_a that_o he_o shall_v see_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v can_v be_v here_o presume_v &_o maleficia_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o affectus_fw-la distinguunt_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 5._o cap._n wil._n reg._n num_fw-la 4._o it_o be_v say_v that_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la interficiat_fw-la cum_fw-la pugno_fw-la dabit_fw-la regi_fw-la 25._o vaccas_fw-la &_o satisfaciet_fw-la parentelae_fw-la defuncti_fw-la secundum_fw-la assisam_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o strike_v with_o the_o fist_n be_v not_o capital_a albeit_o death_n follow_v murder_n premeditate_a may_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o species_n which_o be_v simple_o such_o assasination_n murder_n under_o trust_n and_o self_n murder_n xvi_o murder_n under_o trust_n be_v with_o we_o when_o a_o party_n who_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o assurance_n and_o trust_n of_o another_o be_v murder_v by_o he_o and_o this_o be_v by_o a_o special_a statute_n punish_v as_o treason_n act._n 51._o p._n 11._o ja._n 6._o the_o word_n be_v where_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v under_o the_o trai_v credit_n assurance_n and_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n the_o party_n be_v try_v and_o find_v guilty_a thereof_o by_o a_o assize_n it_o shall_v be_v treason_n and_o the_o person_n find_v culpable_a shall_v forefault_v life_n land_n and_o good_n what_o this_o credit_n and_o assurance_n be_v have_v oft_o be_v question_v and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o origin_n of_o this_o be_v to_o punish_v the_o murder_n of_o a_o gentleman_n who_o invite_v his_o neighbour_n to_o a_o feast_n and_o kill_v he_o and_o all_o his_o relation_n in_o his_o own_o house_n so_o that_o invitation_n be_v one_o branch_n of_o this_o trust_n 2._o assurance_n signify_v that_o when_o two_o person_n be_v at_o fead_z and_o the_o one_o have_v find_v borrow_v to_o one_o another_o act_n 97._o ja._n 1._o p._n 6.3_o where_o person_n at_o variance_n be_v under_o capitulation_n 4_o this_o act_n have_v be_v stretch_v to_o the_o conjugal_a trust_n betwixt_o man_n and_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1627._o andrew_n row_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o process_n intent_a against_o swintoun_n for_o kill_v his_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1666._o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o trust_v as_o this_o the_o pusurer_n restrict_v his_o libel_n to_o murder_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n anno._n 1665._o find_v that_o a_o son_n kill_v his_o own_o mother_n be_v not_o a_o murder_n under_o trust_n punishable_a by_o this_o act_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o both_o kill_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n fall_v under_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o act_n where_o the_o party_n be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n this_o species_n of_o murder_n be_v by_o the_o civilian_n call_v proditio_fw-la which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la sub_fw-la praetextu_fw-la amicitiae_fw-la v_o g._n dum_fw-la sederem_fw-la tecum_fw-la in_o mensa_fw-la vel_fw-la amicitiam_fw-la fingerem_fw-la which_o be_v punishable_a by_o a_o more_o severe_a death_n then_o ordinar_n murder_n and_o in_o spain_n the_o betrayer_n or_o proditor_n for_o even_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treachery_n or_o treason_n trahitur_fw-la ad_fw-la caudam_fw-la equi_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la furca_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la gomez_n by_o that_o act_n likewise_o trial_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o though_o mr._n james_n oliphant_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o kill_v his_o mother_n and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v treason_n yet_o his_o forefaulter_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o a_o simple_a denunciation_n for_o not_o appear_v to_o underly_a the_o law_n because_o a_o trial_n be_v requisite_a in_o this_o case_n and_o by_o the_o 137._o act_n 13_o par._n ja._n 6._o the_o kill_v any_o person_n in_o the_o parliament-house_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o inner_a tolbuith_n id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o inner_a house_n of_o the_o session_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o council-house_n whilst_o the_o lord_n sit_v or_o kill_v any_o in_o the_o king_n chamber_n cabinet_n or_o chamber_n of_o peace_n or_o in_o the_o king_n presence_n any_o where_o infer_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n xvii_o what_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n can_v hardly_o be_v define_v for_o it_o do_v depend_v upon_o the_o assize_n a_o design_n to_o murder_n though_o no_o murder_n follow_v affectus_fw-la sine_fw-la effectu_fw-la punitur_fw-la capitaliter_fw-la l._n 1._o be_v qui_fw-la cum_fw-la telo_fw-la c._n ad_fw-la corn._n de_fw-fr sicar_n yet_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n the_o punishment_n now_o reach_v not_o life_n clar._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num_fw-la 74._o and_o i_o find_v that_o matthew_n stewart_n be_v pursue_v for_o contrive_v the_o death_n of_o thomas_n kennedie_n come_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o be_v only_o banish_v mart_n 1597._o as_o also_o i_o find_v that_o though_o lawson_n be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n yet_o she_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o justice_n because_o of_o the_o violent_a presumption_n adduce_v against_o she_o and_o that_o she_o herself_o have_v confess_v she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n the_o justice_n therefore_o do_v ordain_v she_o to_o be_v whip_v and_o banish_v 20_o august_n 1662._o and_o margaret_n ramsay_n have_v confess_v that_o she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n and_o be_v advise_v to_o cast_v it_o into_o the_o north-loch_n which_o she_o do_v not_o though_o without_o her_o knowledge_n it_o be_v do_v by_o other_o the_o justices_z though_o she_o be_v assoylzy_v by_o the_o inquest_n ordain_v she_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v 1661._o xviii_o though_o such_o as_o kill_v in_o prosecution_n of_o law_n be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murderer_n yet_o if_o they_o exceed_v they_o be_v punishable_a not_o only_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la arbitrary_o but_o even_o paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la as_o murderer_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v decide_v the_o 14._o of_o june_n 1672._o in_o the_o person_n of_o mr._n archibald_n beath_n who_o be_v pannel_v for_o kill_a allan_n gairdiner_n allege_v that_o the_o council_n have_v by_o their_o act_n and_o proclamation_n ordain_v all_o meal_n bring_v from_o ireland_n to_o be_v seize_v upon_o and_o the_o boat_n wherein_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o be_v sink_v in_o prosecution_n whereof_o gardiner_n meal_n be_v seize_v he_o break_v the_o seizure_n and_o be_v follow_v in_o a_o boat_n by_o the_o say_a mr._n archibald_n and_o other_o he_o be_v command_v to_o stay_v his_o boat_n but_o be_v so_o fare_v from_o obey_v though_o command_v in_o his_o majesty_n be_v name_n that_o he_o have_v run_v almost_o down_o the_o panel_n little_a boat_n who_o be_v thereupon_o force_v to_o shoot_v at_o they_o and_o though_o this_o act_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la degenerate_a into_o a_o act_n of_o kill_v yet_o no_o kill_n be_v at_o first_o intend_v and_o the_o rise_v of_o all_o such_o action_n be_v to_o be_v first_o consider_v to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o act_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v civiliter_fw-la and_o do_v only_o empower_v the_o liege_n to_o seize_v but_o not_o to_o kill_v and_o all_o mandate_n be_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v as_o not_o to_o be_v extend_v ad_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la mandans_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la non_fw-la mandasset_fw-la or_o quae_fw-la solitus_fw-la est_fw-la mandare_fw-la si_fw-la aliquando_fw-la mandat_fw-la non_fw-la mandat_fw-la nisi_fw-la certa_fw-la forma_fw-la servata_fw-la but_o it_o can_v be_v subsume_v that_o the_o council_n will_v have_v allow_v the_o importer_n of_o such_o victual_n to_o be_v kill_v nor_o do_v they_o use_v to_o intrust_v the_o execution_n of_o such_o law_n to_o minister_n and_o if_o they_o have_v design_v that_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o prohibition_n shall_v reach_v death_n they_o will_v have_v express_o allow_v the_o seizer_n to_o kill_v as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v in_o such_o case_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o though_o the_o minister_n be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o concur_v because_o of_o his_o function_n yet_o concur_v as_o a_o subject_a he_o be_v not_o punishable_a therefore_o capital_o and_o if_o a_o minister_n shall_v concur_v when_o the_o hue_n and_o cry_n be_v raise_v after_o a_o night_n thief_n or_o if_o a_o minister_n do_v assist_v such_o as_o pursue_v rebel_n and_o shall_v kill_v in_o the_o pursuit_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o conclude_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v
by_o the_o 219._o act_n par._n 14._o ja._n 6._o if_o either_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n in_o civil_a pursuit_n kill_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o killer_n be_v put_v to_o the_o horn_n either_o for_o not_o compearance_n at_o the_o diet_n or_o for_o not_o find_v caution_n he_o lose_v his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o upon_o the_o denounciation_n xxi_o murder_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n malcol_n 2._o c._n 11._o and_o therefore_o the_o cognition_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o justice_n and_o commission_n can_v be_v grant_v for_o trial_n thereof_o act_n 74._o ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o albeit_o it_o be_v now_o most_o ordinar_n to_o grant_v such_o commission_n and_o yet_o this_o act_n be_v allege_v against_o one_o of_o those_o commissioner_n before_o the_o council_n they_o do_v recall_v the_o same_o but_o if_o the_o murderer_n be_v take_v red_a hand_n he_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o baron_n have_v power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n by_o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o judge_n ordinar_n betwixt_o which_o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n that_o murder_n be_v bailable_a ja._n 3._o par._n 6._o c._n 42._o but_o slaughter_v take_v red_a hand_n be_v not_o bailable_a but_o the_o committer_n thereof_o shall_v be_v judge_v within_o that_o sun_n ja._n 1._o par._n 6._o c._n 89.95_o and_o if_o the_o baron_n or_o sheriff_n proceed_v not_o within_o that_o time_n the_o cognition_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o justice_n for_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o murder_n upon_o citation_n xxii_o by_o several_a old_a act_n i_o find_v that_o the_o sheriff_n when_o a_o murder_n be_v commit_v may_v raise_v the_o king_n horn_n id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o hue_n and_o cry_n hoesium_fw-la as_o the_o latin_a translation_n call_v it_o upon_o the_o murder_n and_o follow_v he_o out_o of_o his_o sheriffdom_n and_o send_v letter_n to_o the_o next_o and_o he_o to_o a_o three_o and_o so_o till_o he_o be_v take_v and_o that_o when_o he_o be_v take_v justice_n shall_v be_v do_v upon_o he_o within_o forty_o day_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v send_v from_o sheriff_n to_o sheriff_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v which_o be_v now_o absolet_n for_o if_o he_o be_v not_o take_v red_a hand_n the_o sheriff_n can_v proceed_v against_o he_o albeit_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o he_o may_v if_o he_o be_v take_v within_o forty_o day_n ja._n 1._o par._n 6._o c._n 89._o which_o i_o find_v no_o where_o abrogate_a nor_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrair_a except_o only_a hop_n assertion_n in_o his_o lesser_a practic_n and_o that_o may_v be_v interpret_v also_o of_o cognition_n after_o the_o forty_o day_n be_v expire_v by_o the_o 50._o act_n of_o the_o 6._o par._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o sheriff_n in_o the_o former_a case_n may_v proclaim_v the_o murderer_n fugitive_a and_o forbid_v all_o the_o liege_n to_o receipt_n he_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o lose_v life_n and_o good_n but_o this_o power_n be_v also_o absolet_n and_o the_o receipt_a murderer_n seem_v not_o any_o accession_n except_o other_o presumption_n be_v adduce_v as_o if_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o receipter_n account_n in_o which_o case_n receipt_v may_v be_v arbitrarlily_n punish_v but_o of_o this_o i_o find_v no_o formal_a decision_n only_o the_o register_n mention_v that_o thomas_n brice_n be_v accuse_v for_o receipt_v his_o own_o son_n who_o have_v murder_v fairhop_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o receipt_v his_o own_o son_n can_v be_v no_o crime_n nam_fw-la proximitas_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la tollit_fw-la praesumptionem_fw-la criminis_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la clar._n quest_n 110._o num_fw-la 54._o &_o l._n 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr recept_n and_o receipt_n can_v only_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n in_o our_o law_n after_o the_o committer_n be_v denounce_v and_o letter_n of_o intercommune_v obtain_v against_o they_o which_o defence_n be_v think_v so_o relevant_a that_o the_o justice_n demure_v upon_o it_o but_o this_o receive_v no_o decision_n xxiii_o when_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v by_o forethought_a felony_n the_o king_n can_v by_o our_o law_n grant_v no_o remission_n for_o the_o murder_n ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 63._o and_o ja._n 6._o cap._n 13._o cap._n 169._o but_o yet_o remission_n be_v daily_o grant_v for_o such_o murderer_n and_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o justice_n court_n notwithstanding_o of_o this_o objection_n as_o in_o the_o earl_n of_o caithnes_n case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1668._o and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o these_o act_n be_v by_o the_o style_n but_o temporary_a acts._n but_o all_o such_o remission_n be_v null_a except_o the_o offender_n offer_v to_o assith_v the_o party_n which_o assithment_n be_v modify_v by_o the_o council_n and_o the_o party_n can_v propon_n upon_o his_o remission_n till_o he_o find_v present_a caution_n to_o satisfy_v what_o shall_v be_v modify_v within_o forty_o day_n or_o else_o he_o must_v during_o these_o forty_o day_n go_v to_o prison_n and_o if_o payment_n be_v not_o make_v within_o forty_o day_n his_o remission_n be_v null_a ja._n 2._o par._n 14._o cap._n 75._o assassinii_fw-la crimen_fw-la or_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o assassination_n be_v to_o murder_v a_o man_n for_o money_n and_o this_o species_n be_v introduce_v first_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr homicide_n cap._n 6._o and_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o assassini_n who_o be_v a_o tribe_n of_o the_o phoenician_n and_o who_o feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v christian_n be_v true_o mahumetan_n that_o they_o may_v kill_v christian_n and_o therefore_o and_o because_o the_o foresay_a canon_n speak_v only_o of_o christian_n it_o be_v still_o conclude_v that_o only_o such_o as_o kill_v christian_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n assassinat_n and_o the_o killer_n of_o a_o jew_n be_v find_v no_o assassinate_n cavall_n h._n t._n num_fw-la 475._o and_o yet_o matheus_n think_v that_o all_o kill_n for_o money_n be_v assassination_n for_o this_o crime_n be_v found_v upon_o nature_n to_o kill_v a_o jew_n be_v as_o far_o against_o nature_n as_o to_o kill_v a_o christian_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a scandal_n upon_o our_o religion_n to_o kill_v a_o jew_n because_o it_o reproach_n we_o among_o infidel_n the_o specialty_n introduce_v in_o this_o crime_n be_v that_o the_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v for_o money_n be_v a_o crime_n though_o death_n follow_v not_o and_o that_o assassination_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n and_o that_o they_o can_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o sanctuary_n or_o girth_n cabal_n num_fw-la 501.515.526_o and_o though_o the_o foresay_a canon_n run_v only_o against_o such_o as_o undertake_v to_o kill_v for_o money_n yet_o the_o conducer_n or_o such_o as_o entreat_v they_o to_o kill_v be_v also_o assassinat_n gomez_n 3._o resol_n 3._o num_fw-la 10._o math._n pag._n 521._o but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o observance_n with_o we_o except_o as_o to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o sanctuary_n from_o which_o all_o such_o as_o commit_v murder_n under_o trust_n or_o per_fw-la insidias_fw-la which_o that_o act_n call_v assassinium_fw-la only_o be_v express_o exclude_v act_n 35._o part_n 5._o i._o 3._o title_n xii_o of_o duel_n 1._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o duel_n allow_v of_o old_a by_o other_o nation_n 2._o what_o duel_n be_v allow_v of_o old_a in_o scotland_n 3._o how_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v challenge_n be_v punishable_a though_o no_o combat_n follow_v 4._o the_o way_n of_o libel_v use_v in_o this_o case_n 5._o whether_o duel_v for_o reparation_n of_o honour_n be_v lawful_a where_o no_o other_o reparation_n can_v be_v have_v 6._o what_o must_v be_v prove_v in_o this_o crime_n 7._o whether_o he_o be_v not_o punishable_a who_o kill_v in_o a_o rancounter_n only_o or_o he_o who_o tell_v the_o provooker_n that_o he_o be_v go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n 8._o the_o punishment_n of_o duel_n and_o who_o be_v account_v art_n and_o part_n duel_n be_v but_o illustrious_a and_o honourable_a murder_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v subjoin_v this_o title_n to_o the_o title_n of_o homicide_n this_o be_v that_o imperious_a crime_n which_o triumph_v over_o both_o public_a revenge_n and_o private_a virtue_n and_o trample_v proud_o upon_o both_o the_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o life_n of_o our_o enemy_n courage_n think_v law_n here_o to_o be_v but_o pedantrie_n and_o honour_n persuade_v man_n that_o obedience_n here_o be_v cowardliness_n i._o we_o find_v no_o such_o crime_n as_o this_o among_o the_o roman_n because_o that_o wise_a nation_n employ_v their_o life_n against_o their_o enemy_n and_o not_o against_o their_o fellow-citizen_n and_o the_o true_a trial_n of_o courage_n among_o they_o be_v fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o rome_n duel_n be_v either_o judicial_a or_o extrajudicial_a judicial_a duel_n be_v these_o which_o be_v allow_v by_o
punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v accuse_v and_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o taedio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vel_fw-la doloris_fw-la impatientia_fw-la for_o the_o first_o they_o punish_v as_o murder_n but_o the_o last_o they_o favour_v with_o a_o lesser_a punishment_n nay_o and_o in_o the_o primitive_a church_n many_o for_o make_v themselves_o away_o to_o evite_v thereby_o idolatry_n or_o pollution_n have_v be_v account_v as_o martyr_n thus_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o adauctus_n have_v kill_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v deflower_v it_o be_v doubt_v if_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v number_v among_o the_o martyr_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cedren_n pag._n 220._o and_o the_o like_a story_n be_v report_v by_o euseb._n lib._n 8._o cap._n 17._o of_o a_o noble_a lady_n who_o be_v bring_v to_o maxentius_n but_o our_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o such_o pretext_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o colour_v all_o base_a design_n and_o allow_v none_o to_o be_v their_o own_o judge_n have_v make_v no_o such_o distinction_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n dobbie_n cite_v by_o craig_n diage_n de_fw-fr regal_a and_o to_o allow_v this_o be_v to_o feed_v despair_n and_o to_o make_v patience_n and_o long-suffering_a to_o be_v no_o virtue_n ii_o yet_o furiosity_n and_o madness_n aught_o to_o defend_v against_o all_o punishment_n in_o this_o case_n since_o a_o furious_a person_n have_v no_o will_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o the_o will_n be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o crime_n nor_o shall_v they_o be_v more_o punish_v then_o infant_n be_v to_o who_o the_o law_n compare_v they_o fury_n also_o defend_v against_o treason_n blasphemy_n and_o heresy_n which_o be_v more_o atrocious_a crime_n than_o self-murder_n &_o facti_fw-la infelicitas_fw-la furiosum_fw-la defendere_fw-la dicitur_fw-la l._n infans_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n corn._n de_fw-fr sic_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o can_v well_o understand_v wherefore_o in_o dobby_n case_n as_o craig_n relate_v it_o the_o lord_n repel_v the_o defence_n of_o furiosity_n and_o find_v that_o even_o furious_a person_n ought_v to_o lose_v their_o movable_n if_o they_o kill_v themselves_o but_o i_o think_v the_o fury_n there_o have_v not_o be_v strong_o qualify_v and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v but_o a_o species_n of_o melancholy_n for_o the_o reason_n give_v for_o that_o decision_n be_v because_o the_o lord_n think_v no_o man_n will_v kill_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v not_o distract_v and_o so_o it_o distraction_n can_v defend_v such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o against_o confiscation_n of_o their_o movable_n it_o will_v defend_v all_o who_o kill_v themselves_o and_o so_o the_o law_n shall_v have_v no_o effect_n but_o this_o must_v be_v interpret_v of_o some_o degree_n of_o madness_n for_o sure_o no_o man_n kill_v himself_o except_o he_o who_o be_v somewhat_o mad_a nor_o do_v hypochondric_n fit_n or_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o madness_n defend_v against_o this_o confiscation_n but_o a_o total_a aberration_n from_o reason_n can_v but_o defend_v which_o be_v also_o clear_a from_o the_o law_n of_o england_n bolton_n cap._n 11._o lib._n 1._o and_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o must_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o various_a circumstance_n which_o attend_v such_o disease_n and_o from_o the_o declaration_n of_o physician_n who_o wait_v upon_o they_o whether_o one_o who_o be_v mad_a but_o have_v lucid_a interval_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v kill_v himself_o in_o his_o madness_n or_o lucid_a interval_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o depend_v much_o upon_o circumstance_n but_o since_o none_o use_v to_o kill_v themselves_o except_o under_o some_o distemper_n so_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o humane_a to_o refer_v this_o kill_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o hour_n of_o madness_n except_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o killer_n use_v even_o in_o his_o lucid_a interval_n to_o wish_v he_o be_v dead_a or_o to_o commend_v self-murder_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 289._o iii_o a_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a as_o self-murder_n if_o the_o killer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o be_v to_o effectuate_v it_o as_o if_o he_o hang_v himself_o but_o be_v immediate_o cut_v down_o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n if_o a_o man_n wound_v himself_o mortal_o though_o he_o live_v year_n and_o day_n thereafter_o his_o good_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n bolton_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o iv._o self-murder_n may_v be_v commit_v by_o omission_n as_o well_o as_o commission_n thus_o if_o a_o man_n will_v starve_v himself_o to_o death_n he_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n but_o the_o design_n must_v be_v clear_o prove_v since_o as_o many_o innocent_a people_n may_v be_v allege_v to_o have_v kill_v themselves_o whilst_o they_o have_v fast_v either_o through_o pain_n or_o necessity_n v._o when_o a_o man_n kill_v himself_o his_o majesty_n gift_n his_o escheat_n and_o the_o donator_n pursue_v a_o general_a declarator_n thereupon_o wherein_o he_o call_v the_o near_a of_o kin_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v there_o that_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n he_o have_v get_v kill_v himself_o which_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o clear_a and_o convince_a evidence_n such_o as_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n or_o a_o paper_n under_o the_o defunct_n hand_n wherein_o he_o declare_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o discontent_n and_o why_o he_o kill_v himself_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o these_o case_n wherein_o they_o design_v thereby_o to_o justify_v to_o the_o world_n this_o horrid_a act_n but_o i_o think_v presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a here_o since_o this_o be_v a_o crime_n except_o they_o be_v very_o strong_a and_o violent_a but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v confiscation_n for_o though_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v a_o crime_n to_o infer_v capital_a punishment_n yet_o they_o be_v ofttimes_o sustain_v to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o movable_n or_o other_o civil_a effect_n and_o if_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o this_o case_n self-murder_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v for_o the_o committer_n choose_v retire_v place_n and_o quiet_a time_n for_o execute_v their_o wicked_a design_n and_o who_o can_v say_v but_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v know_v to_o have_v express_v much_o despair_n and_o thereupon_o to_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o room_n and_o be_v find_v with_o the_o door_n close_v and_o hang_v in_o his_o own_o garter_n but_o that_o these_o presumption_n will_v infer_v confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n by_o our_o practice_n their_o declarator_n have_v be_v sustain_v before_o the_o lord_n upon_o probation_n of_o the_o self-murder_n lead_v before_o themselves_o without_o any_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o some_o think_v such_o a_o previous_a trial_n not_o necessary_a for_o all_o trial_n before_o they_o be_v by_o assizer_n and_o dead_a man_n can_v be_v try_v by_o a_o assize_n but_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v upon_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o such_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o the_o analogy_n of_o all_o other_o crime_n which_o be_v all_o try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n jurisdiction_n be_v here_o found_v ratione_fw-la incidentiae_fw-la and_o that_o many_o crime_n be_v try_v before_o they_o as_o fall_v incident_o in_o other_o civil_a case_n yet_o even_o in_o falsehood_n though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o deed_n itself_o yet_o no_o man_n escheat_n fall_v upon_o their_o decreet_a though_o he_o be_v find_v a_o falsary_a by_o they_o till_o he_o be_v also_o try_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o escheat_n fall_v as_o a_o effect_n of_o their_o sentence_n only_o nor_o have_v this_o exception_n be_v yet_o repel_v as_o to_o self-murder_n so_o that_o res_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la integrae_fw-la especial_o if_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n be_v crave_v to_o be_v declare_v be_v yet_o alive_a so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v try_v before_o a_o assize_n for_o have_v endeavour_v to_o kill_v himself_o for_o some_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o prevent_v as_o have_v be_v say_v former_o and_o in_o that_o case_n i_o conceive_v that_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a title_n fourteen_o parricide_n 1_o to_o what_o degree_n reach_v parricide_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2_o to_o what_o degree_n by_o our_o law_n 3_o whether_o do_v the_o act_n 220._o ja._n 6._o par._n 14._o extend_v to_o descendants_n 4_o whether_o do_v that_o statute_n extend_v to_o bastard_n 5_o the_o punishment_n of_o parricide_n by_o that_o statute_n 6_o the_o 20._o act_n par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o concern_v beat_n of_o parent_n explain_v 7_o how_o the_o murder_a of_o child_n be_v punish_v 8_o
2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o if_o they_o go_v with_o arm_n they_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o the_o scolia_fw-la of_o the_o basilick_v observe_v it_o may_v be_v useful_o observe_v that_o those_o who_o drive_v away_o herdship_n cum_fw-la gladio_fw-la with_o arm_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n because_o they_o be_v rather_o robber_n than_o thief_n 2._o these_o who_o drive_v away_o great_a cattle_n be_v more_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o these_o who_o drive_v away_o the_o lesser_a l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr abige_fw-fr 3._o these_o be_v to_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v who_o live_v in_o a_o country_n where_o that_o crime_n be_v most_o frequent_a and_o therefore_o our_o highlander_n be_v most_o severe_o punish_v 4._o these_o that_o drive_v away_o cattle_n from_o the_o field_n be_v more_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o these_o who_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o house_n because_o cattle_n in_o the_o field_n have_v no_o guard_n but_o the_o law_n xi_o the_o steal_v likewise_o of_o a_o thing_n consecrate_v to_o god_n aggrage_v so_o the_o theft_n as_o to_o make_v it_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o this_o be_v call_v sacrilege_n by_o the_o civil_a and_o cannon_n law_n and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o several_a degree_n as_o 1._o if_o a_o thing_n sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o a_o sacred_a place_n 2._o if_o a_o thing_n sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o any_o place_n 3._o if_o a_o thing_n not_o sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o a_o sacred_a place_n but_o their_o two_o last_o be_v not_o proper_o sacrilege_n with_o we_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a consecration_n use_v of_o church_n vestment_n cup_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o we_o have_v no_o such_o formal_a crime_n as_o sacrilege_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o act_n against_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v to_o steal_v any_o thing_n destinat_fw-la to_o god_n service_n and_o even_o to_o steal_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o a_o church_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o this_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v with_o we_o not_o only_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n steal_v but_o more_o from_o the_o place_n and_o thus_o also_o murder_n or_o mutilation_n commit_v within_o the_o church_n or_o church-yaird_a be_v more_o severe_o punish_v then_o other_o murder_n and_o with_o we_o these_o who_o steal_v out_o of_o church_n be_v still_o hang_v or_o who_o steal_v what_o be_v dedicate_v to_o or_o serve_v the_o church_n as_o basin_n etc._n etc._n xii_o the_o next_o aggravation_n of_o theft_n be_v from_o the_o person_n who_o commit_v it_o and_o thus_o theft_n when_o commit_v by_o land_a man_n be_v punish_v with_o we_o as_o treason_n act._n 50._o p._n 11._o i._o 6._o the_o word_n be_v that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v any_o land_a man_n to_o be_v lawful_o and_o orderly_o convict_v of_o common_a theft_n recept_n of_o theft_n or_o stouthreif_n he_o shall_v incur_v the_o crime_n and_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o this_o act_n be_v because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v theft_n then_o for_o any_o other_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o severe_o punish_v and_o these_o also_o want_v all_o pretext_n of_o necessity_n or_o rusticity_n and_o must_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v extreme_o mean_a and_o malicious_a person_n who_o the_o commonwealth_n may_v well_o want_v and_o who_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v but_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v who_o be_v these_o who_o be_v by_o this_o act_n to_o be_v account_v land_v man_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v 1._o that_o only_o such_o as_o have_v themselves_o or_o their_o predecessor_n be_v infest_v be_v only_o such_o for_o nulla_fw-la sasina_fw-la nulla_fw-la terra_fw-la and_o so_o a_o disposition_n or_o charter_n or_o a_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la make_v not_o a_o thief_n to_o fall_v under_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o act._n yet_o some_o think_v a_o heir_n serve_v and_o retour_v do_v fall_v within_o this_o signification_n though_o he_o be_v not_o infest_v because_o his_o lie_v out_o be_v his_o own_o fault_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o defend_v he_o 2._o i_o think_v that_o a_o person_n who_o be_v once_o a_o baron_n if_o he_o be_v thereafter_o denude_v fall_v not_o under_o it_o for_o albeit_o semel_fw-la baro_fw-la be_v semper_fw-la baro_fw-la in_o our_o law_n yet_o that_o maxim_n hold_v only_o presumptive_a and_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v actual_o denude_v that_o will_v liberat_fw-la he_o from_fw-la vicious_a intromission_n much_o more_o a_o crime_n that_o deserve_v forfaulter_v and_o statutory_a crime_n be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v by_o ordinary_a theft_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v theft_n without_o any_o aggravation_n of_o violence_n hership_n etc._n etc._n by_o stouthreif_n be_v mean_v violent_a and_o masterful_a theft_n and_o as_o this_o kind_n of_o theft_n have_v the_o disadvantage_n of_o be_v treason_n so_o it_o be_v just_a that_o it_o shall_v participate_v of_o all_o the_o advantage_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o those_o who_o be_v pursue_v as_o traitor_n &_o quem_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la incommoda_fw-la eum_fw-la debent_fw-la sequi_fw-la commoda_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o a_o process_n found_v upon_o this_o species_n of_o theft_n as_o be_v find_v in_o july_n 1668._o where_o a_o process_n intent_a against_o a_o land_a man_n before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o wigtown_n be_v advocate_n to_o the_o justice_n upon_o this_o reason_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o act_n be_v conceive_v in_o odium_fw-la and_o for_o repress_v of_o theft_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v quarrellable_n before_o every_o judge_n for_o thereby_o many_o will_v be_v deter_v from_o pursuit_n against_o land_a man_n and_o albeit_o the_o punishment_n be_v in_o this_o theft_n great_a than_o in_o other_o yet_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n be_v no_o more_o intricat_a here_o then_o in_o other_o case_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi restrict_v his_o libel_n to_o ordinary_a theft_n which_o the_o justice_n find_v he_o can_v not_o do_v because_o the_o relevance_n and_o probation_n will_v be_v eadem_fw-la utrobique_fw-la and_o albeit_o the_o pairty_a will_v restrict_n as_o say_v be_v yet_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v at_o any_o time_n thereafter_o find_v a_o process_n of_o forefaulter_n and_o need_v no_o more_o probation_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n wauch_n though_o the_o sheriff_n of_o selkirk_n have_v only_o fyned_fw-we the_o thief_n yet_o the_o lord_n sustain_v a_o declarator_n of_o escheat_n upon_o that_o same_o verdict_n whereby_o the_o thief_n be_v find_v by_o they_o guilty_a of_o theft_n for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o private_a party_n can_v by_o no_o declaration_n nor_o deed_n of_o they_o prejudge_v his_o majesty_n be_v interest_n so_o that_o from_o this_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v debare_v that_o when_o a_o land_a man_n be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v restrict_n his_o pursuit_n to_o a_o pursuit_n of_o common_a theft_n as_o also_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi failzie_v to_o prove_v in_o this_o case_n commit_v treason_n because_o he_o who_o pursue_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n if_o he_o be_v find_v calumnious_a commit_v treason_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v also_o if_o the_o council_n can_v mitigat_n the_o punishment_n here_o see_v they_o can_v remit_v treason_n yet_o in_o their_o statutory_a treason_n the_o council_n ordinary_o mitigat_n or_o convert_v the_o punishment_n nor_o see_v i_o any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v allege_v that_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n be_v not_o make_v treason_n by_o this_o act_n but_o be_v only_o declare_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o theft_n that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v as_o treason_n though_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o such_o for_o these_o two_o be_v differrent_fw-la xiii_o this_o crime_n of_o theft_n become_v sometime_o atrocious_a and_o so_o shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n because_o of_o the_o irreclaimablenesse_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o triple_a theft_n be_v capital_a in_o inferior_a court_n though_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v very_o inconsiderable_a because_o this_o show_v a_o habit_n or_o double_a these_o if_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a moment_n and_o by_o the_o first_o statute_n da_n 2._o §_o 4._o a_o thief_n banish_v be_v take_v again_o in_o these_o territory_n from_o which_o he_o be_v banish_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o with_o all_o severity_n and_o the_o break_n of_o pink_a dove_n coat_n etc._n etc._n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n at_o the_o three_o rhyme_n act._n 84._o i._o 6._o p._n 6._o the_o way_n likewise_o whereby_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v make_v it_o oft_o deserve_v to_o be_v capital_a as_o the_o steal_n by_o false_a key_n or_o break_v house_n and_o enchantment_n and_o if_o it_o be_v commit_v masterful_o as_o we_o use_v to_o speak_v which_o be_v call_v
shall_v not_o see_v death_n be_v so_o exorbitant_a a_o punishment_n 4._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o sheriff-depute_a or_o other_o depute_n may_v sit_v in_o case_n belong_v to_o the_o sheriff_n himself_o and_o that_o the_o declinatur_fw-la which_o be_v sufficient_a against_o the_o one_o exclude_v not_o the_o other_o to_o take_v dove_n also_o which_o belong_v to_o their_o dovecoat_n or_o to_o kill_v they_o be_v repute_v theft_n l._n pomponius_n §_o pomponius_n ff_n fam_fw-la erisc_fw-la and_o by_o the_o doctor_n chass_n fol._n 1484._o for_o see_v these_o creature_n be_v ordinary_o tame_a now_o and_o that_o by_o the_o custom_n especial_o of_o the_o low_a country_n there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o wild_a dove_n it_o follow_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v unlawful_a to_o kill_v or_o shoot_v they_o as_o it_o be_v to_o shoot_v or_o hunt_v other_o wild_a beast_n the_o steal_v likewise_o of_o bee_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o hive_n be_v account_v theft_n l._n pomponius_n §_o pomponius_n ff_n fam_fw-la erisc_fw-la and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o germany_n berlich_n conclus_fw-la 50._o for_o which_o though_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v regular_o inflict_v yet_o if_o the_o bee_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a value_n or_o if_o the_o committer_n have_v be_v frequent_o deprehend_v in_o the_o like_a guilt_n than_o the_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o even_o steal_v of_o bee_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n jac._n de_fw-fr bellovis_n pract_n crim_n cap._n 20._o num_fw-la 32._o but_o i_o think_v our_o law_n just_a which_o consider_v more_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o offender_n than_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o offence_n stealer_n likewise_o of_o pyk_n out_o of_o stank_n be_v forbid_v but_o not_o punish_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n it_o be_v now_o punish_v arbitrar_o according_a to_o the_o differ_a circumstance_n berlich_n conclus_fw-la 51._o xvi_o be_v and_o part_n depend_v in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o crime_n upon_o circumstance_n but_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n prescribe_v by_o farinaicius_fw-la quest_n 168._o be_v 1._o that_o he_o who_o give_v counsel_n or_o persuade_v to_o steal_v unpunishable_a as_o the_o thief_n 2._o he_o who_o assist_v especial_o 〈◊〉_d partake_v of_o the_o theft_n be_v guilty_a though_o he_o be_v not_o actual_o present_a 3._o he_o who_o recept_n the_o thing_n steal_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n conatus_fw-la or_o a_o design_n and_o essay_n to_o steal_v if_o no_o theft_n be_v commit_v be_v not_o punishable_a as_o theft_n l._n vulgaris_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr furt_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o enter_v another_o man_n closet_n upon_o design_n to_o steal_v if_o he_o touch_v nothing_o be_v only_o punishable_a actione_n injuriarum_fw-la si_fw-la sine_fw-la vi_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la visi_fw-la vi_fw-la intravit_fw-la and_o with_o we_o i_o think_v that_o essay_v to_o steal_v shall_v not_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n see_v the_o essayer_n may_v have_v repent_v and_o see_v furtum_fw-la est_fw-la contrectatio_fw-la rei_fw-la alienae_n so_o before_o he_o touch_v any_o thing_n i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v call_v nor_o conscionable_o punish_v as_o a_o thief_n he_o who_o show_v the_o way_n to_o a_o thief_n be_v not_o a_o thief_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o with_o we_o this_o may_v be_v esteem_v art_n and_o part_n by_o that_o law_n likewise_o if_o one_o break_v the_o gate_n upon_o revenge_n and_o another_o enter_v and_o steal_v the_o breaker_n of_o the_o gate_n will_v not_o be_v liable_a for_o theft_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 53._o basil._n h._n t._n and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o he_o who_o break_v the_o gate_n will_v be_v liable_a for_o the_o price_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o steal_v because_o he_o occasion_v by_o unlawful_a mean_n the_o thing_n to_o be_v steal_v law_n have_v determine_v general_o that_o ut_fw-la furtum_fw-la nemo_fw-la facit_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la ita_fw-la nec_fw-la opem_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la fert_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la &_o be_v consilium_fw-la that_fw-mi qui_fw-la furtum_fw-la persuadet_fw-la &_o be_v opem_fw-la fert_fw-la qui_fw-la ministerium_fw-la furto_fw-la praebet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o i_o conceive_v that_o there_o be_v in_o law_n and_o reason_n a_o great_a difference_n to_o be_v put_v betwixt_o these_o crime_n which_o be_v only_o commit_v against_o our_o fortune_n and_o in_o case_n which_o may_v be_v repair_v wherein_o actual_a loss_n shall_v be_v more_o consider_v then_o attempt_n and_o these_o which_o be_v irreparable_a when_o commit_v and_o be_v attrocious_a and_o concern_v the_o safety_n of_o our_o person_n wherein_o attempt_n shall_v be_v high_o punish_v if_o he_o who_o good_n be_v steal_v do_v require_v the_o master_n of_o the_o thief_n or_o he_o in_o who_o obeisance_n he_o be_v or_o with_o who_o he_o be_v find_v to_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o he_o thaâ—â—â—â—tice_n may_v be_v do_v upon_o he_o the_o master_n or_o sustainer_n of_o the_o thief_n shall_v either_o deliver_v he_o up_o or_o present_v he_o to_o justice_n else_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n and_o art_n and_o part_n thereof_o i._o 5._o p._n 2._o act._n 2._o and_o albeit_o the_o word_n obeisance_n here_o use_v will_v seem_v to_o include_v vassal_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o these_o see_v it_o be_v restrict_v by_o the_o act_n to_o master_n and_o sustainer_n and_o by_o sustainer_n be_v mean_v such_o as_o entertain_v the_o thief_n at_o bed_n and_o board_n title_n xx._n theft-boot_n and_o recept_n 1._o what_o be_v theft-boot_n and_o by_o who_o commit_v 2._o what_o be_v recept_n of_o theft_n 3._o how_o recept_n of_o theft_n be_v punish_v 4._o the_o principal_a thief_n ought_v to_o be_v discuss_v before_o the_o receptor_n 5._o how_o the_o husband_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v for_o what_o be_v find_v with_o the_o wife_n &_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la 6._o how_o servant_n be_v punishable_a for_o the_o master_n theft_n 7._o how_o buyer_n of_o steal_a good_n be_v liable_a theft-boot_n be_v commit_v by_o secure_v a_o thief_n against_o the_o punishment_n due_a by_o law_n and_o proper_o it_o be_v when_o sheriff_n and_o other_o judge_n who_o sell_v a_o thief_n or_o fine_o with_o he_o in_o theftdome_n commit_v or_o to_o be_v commit_v p._n 13._o i._o 6._o act_n 137._o and_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n commit_v this_o crime_n loss_n his_o regality_n and_o barony_n id_fw-la est_fw-la his_o office_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o lord_n of_o regality_n and_o as_o baron_n and_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o sheriff_n loss_n life_n and_o good_n theft-boot_n be_v also_o commit_v by_o any_o other_o person_n who_o take_v a_o ransom_n from_o a_o thief_n when_o he_o find_v he_o with_o the_o fang_n 3._o when_o a_o party_n who_o be_v lease_v transact_v with_o the_o thief_n and_o pass_v from_o the_o pursuit_n which_o be_v punishable_a because_o the_o public_a be_v by_o the_o crime_n wrong_v as_o well_o as_o he_o and_o his_o majesty_n have_v jus_o quaesitum_fw-la to_o the_o moveable_n of_o the_o offender_n it_o be_v unjust_a that_o any_o private_a party_n shall_v have_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o indemnify_v the_o transgressor_n and_o albeit_o their_o two_o last_o species_n of_o theft_n be_v not_o express_o contain_v in_o the_o act_n yet_o see_v the_o act_n bear_v that_o lord_n of_o regality_n sherriff_n nor_o other_o shall_v not_o sell_v etc._n etc._n under_o the_o word_n other_o general_o all_o transgressor_n be_v comprehend_v and_o by_o the_o 2._o act_n 1._o p._n i._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o he_o who_o transact_v with_o a_o thief_n for_o theft_n commit_v against_o himself_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o theft-boot_n and_o shall_v be_v punishable_a as_o the_o principal_a thief_n from_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o theft-boot_n in_o private_a person_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o thief_n whereas_o in_o the_o first_o act._n p._n 13._o i._o 6._o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n statute_v against_o private_a person_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o theft-boot_n only_o against_o judge_n transact_v or_o ransome_v and_o skeen_n verb._n bote._n define_v theft-boot_n to_o be_v when_o any_o person_n agree_v with_o a_o thief_n or_o put_v he_o from_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o jan._n 1665._o angus_z mackintosh_n be_v pursue_v by_o the_o sheriff_n depute_v of_o inverness_n for_o theft-boot_n as_o he_o who_o have_v compon_v with_o a_o thief_n who_o have_v steal_v some_o meal_n from_o he_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v advocate_n this_o pursuit_n to_o themselves_o because_o they_o think_v this_o crime_n of_o theft-boot_n in_o desuetude_n and_o therefore_o they_o resolve_v to_o hear_v it_o themselves_o that_o they_o may_v clear_o determine_v what_o theft-boot_n be_v and_o how_o far_o it_o be_v to_o be_v extend_v ii_o the_o civil_a law_n know_v not_o such_o distinct_a
crime_n as_o recept_n of_o theft_n but_o it_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o definition_n of_o theft_n for_o recept_n be_v define_v to_o be_v occultatio_fw-la latronum_fw-la vel_fw-la malt_n â—â—oorum_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la qui_fw-la latronem_fw-la apprehendere_fw-la poterat_fw-la pecunia_fw-la vel_fw-la surreptorum_fw-la parte_fw-la accepta_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr recept_n it_o be_v the_o wilful_a conceal_n or_o protect_v a_o thief_n by_o he_o who_o may_v have_v take_v and_o apprehend_v he_o and_o that_o either_o for_o money_n or_o a_o part_n of_o the_o steal_a good_n from_o which_o definition_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v 1._o that_o such_o as_o lodge_v thief_n in_o inn_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o recept_n except_o it_o be_v likewise_o prove_v that_o they_o know_v the_o person_n lodge_v to_o have_v steal_a good_n which_o ignorance_n will_v not_o excuse_v if_o it_o be_v affect_v and_o design_v ignorance_n as_o if_o all_o the_o neighbour_n know_v or_o if_o it_o be_v intimate_fw-la to_o they_o or_o if_o any_o person_n offer_v to_o inform_v and_o the_o innkeeper_n will_v not_o know_v or_o if_o the_o guest_n offer_v a_o extraordinary_a reward_n or_o offer_v to_o bribe_v servant_n or_o keep_v a_o very_a jealous_a watch_n which_o presumption_n may_v infer_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o not_o death_n 2._o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o lodging_n a_o kinsman_n a_o wife_n or_o husband_n entertain_v one_o another_o will_v not_o infer_v recept_n because_o that_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v do_v rather_o out_o of_o love_n than_o avarice_n or_o dole_n l._n 2_o ff_n de_fw-fr recept_n which_o be_v extend_v as_o chassan_n observe_v rubr_n 1._o §_o 5._o n._n 13._o to_o a_o mistress_n conceal_v her_o sweetheart_n in_o all_o which_o case_n the_o receptor_n be_v only_o to_o be_v excuse_v if_o they_o communicate_v not_o in_o the_o theft_n for_o else_o they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o thief_n for_o that_o be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o love_n but_o of_o fraud_n iii_o recept_n of_o theft_n with_o we_o be_v punishable_a as_o the_o principal_a thief_n stat._n 21._o alex._n 2._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v recept_n the_o thing_n steal_v willing_o and_o know_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o the_o principal_a thief_n and_o from_o this_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o recept_n with_o we_o be_v proper_o when_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v recept_v and_o not_o when_o the_o stealer_n without_o the_o theft_n be_v receipt_v for_o to_o as_o the_o recept_n of_o the_o thief_n it_o appear_v only_o to_o be_v punishable_a when_o letter_n of_o intercommuning_n be_v publish_v prohibit_v all_o the_o liege_n to_o recept_n or_o fortify_v a_o malefactor_n else_o letter_n of_o intercommune_v be_v unnecessary_a nor_o see_v i_o why_o the_o receptor_n of_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o the_o receptor_n of_o a_o murderer_n and_o our_o practice_n speak_v still_o of_o recept_n of_o theft_n not_o of_o thief_n at_o least_o recept_n of_o this_o nature_n fall_v not_o under_o this_o special_a crime_n but_o only_o under_o the_o thief_n general_a crime_n of_o recept_v malefactor_n but_o if_o the_o receptor_n of_o a_o take_v money_n or_o good_a deed_n for_o the_o recept_v even_o his_o person_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o be_v guilty_a of_o theft-boot_n but_o by_o the_o 21._o act_n p._n 1._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o whosoever_o intercommun_v with_o thief_n or_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o theftous_a stealing_n or_o deed_n either_o in_o go_v or_o come_v or_o give_v they_o meat_n harbour_n or_o assistance_n or_o tryst_n with_o they_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n they_o shall_v be_v pursue_v either_o civil_o or_o criminal_o but_o this_o act_n strike_v not_o against_o such_o as_o have_v entertain_v the_o thief_n any_o considerable_a time_n after_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o theft_n and_o before_o letter_n of_o intercommune_v be_v execute_v iv._o the_o receptor_n with_o we_o can_v be_v punish_v or_o thole_n a_o assize_n till_o the_o principal_a thief_n be_v first_o convict_v for_o if_o he_o be_v assoilzy_v the_o receptor_n can_v be_v punish_v stat._n david_n 2._o cap._n 29._o but_o by_o the_o 83._o cap._n quon_n attach_v it_o be_v only_o declare_v that_o the_o receptor_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v till_o the_o principal_n be_v either_o convict_v or_o attain_v i._n e._n accuse_v with_o we_o now_o it_o be_v inviolable_o observe_v that_o the_o principal_a thief_n shall_v be_v first_o discuss_v as_o be_v find_v 〈…〉_z and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1663._o a_o verdict_n against_o george_n grahame_n before_o the_o justice_n find_v he_o guilty_a of_o fraudulent_a use_n of_o a_o bond_n be_v rescind_v because_o the_o principal_a thief_n be_v not_o first_o discuss_v the_o case_n be_v this_o achmuty_n grant_v a_o bond_n to_o the_o lady_n bairfoot_n for_o eight_o hundred_o mark_n she_o assign_v it_o to_o george_n but_o thereafter_o pay_v he_o another_o way_n and_o retire_v the_o assignation_n and_o after_o this_o she_o put_v both_o bond_n and_o assignation_n in_o a_o bonnet_n case_n and_o george_n have_v come_v by_o the_o bond_n as_o he_o pretend_v from_o mistress_n bill_v daughter_n to_o the_o lady_n who_o allege_v she_o have_v get_v it_o from_o her_o mother_n for_o debt_n he_o send_v it_o to_o ireland_n and_o recover_v payment_n whereupon_o he_o be_v pursue_v for_o fraudulent_a use_n and_o recept_n and_o his_o discharge_n of_o the_o former_a assignation_n be_v produce_v and_o the_o bond_n be_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o lady_n custody_n whereupon_o he_o be_v convict_v by_o the_o assize_n but_o this_o verdict_n be_v rescind_v with_o the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la because_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a till_o master_n and_o mistress_n billings_n have_v be_v first_o discuss_v and_o the_o verdict_n be_v unjust_a because_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v that_o they_o see_v george_n grhame_n deliver_v back_o the_o bond_n and_o the_o general_a discharge_n may_v have_v be_v give_v spenumerandae_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la and_o if_o such_o use_n as_o this_o may_v be_v term_v theft_n all_o action_n of_o exhibition_n will_v be_v turn_v in_o pursuit_n for_o theft_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o if_o the_o principal_a thief_n die_v the_o receptor_n may_v be_v punish_v see_v after_o death_n the_o principal_a theft_n can_v be_v inquire_v into_o for_o though_o that_o privilege_n be_v grant_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o discussion_n yet_o it_o infer_v no_o indemnity_n to_o the_o receptor_n and_o we_o see_v that_o where_o the_o benefit_n of_o discussion_n be_v grant_v to_o heir_n or_o cautioner_n he_o who_o have_v the_o benefit_n may_v be_v pursue_v if_o the_o party_n who_o will_v have_v be_v first_o discuss_v be_v in_o solvendo_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o maxim_n shall_v hold_v when_o the_o principal_a thief_n be_v alive_a and_o not_o when_o he_o be_v dead_a be_v because_o it_o be_v presumable_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v malicious_a against_o the_o receptor_n for_o else_o he_o will_v doubtless_o pursue_v the_o malefactor_n who_o do_v the_o most_o immediate_a wrong_n to_o he_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o receptor_n know_v not_o it_o may_v be_v also_o doubt_v if_o the_o thief_n dwell_v in_o england_n or_o in_o france_n whether_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi must_v first_o discuss_v he_o v._o if_o the_o thing_n steal_v by_o the_o wife_n be_v find_v with_o the_o husband_n he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v except_o he_o express_o promise_v to_o defend_v his_o wife_n or_o warrant_v she_o but_o if_o the_o thing_n steal_v by_o the_o husband_n be_v find_v under_o the_o wife_n key_n or_o under_o her_o care_n she_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o thief_n stat._n wil._n c._n 19_o &_o quon_n attach_v c._n 12._o but_o these_o chapter_n be_v confuse_v and_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la both_o man_n and_o wife_n be_v liable_a if_o they_o be_v accessary_a to_o any_o other_o theft_n but_o no_o otherwise_o albeit_o the_o conceal_n of_o theft_n be_v criminal_a in_o other_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o a_o wife_n ibid._n and_o yet_o the_o husband_n authority_n be_v say_v not_o to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v she_o in_o atrocious_a crime_n though_o she_o be_v obliedge_v general_o to_o obey_v he_o ibid._n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v first_o that_o theft_n be_v account_v a_o atrocious_a crime_n for_o that_o chapter_n treat_v of_o theft_n albeit_o this_o be_v much_o controvert_v among_o the_o doctor_n who_o after_o a_o long_a debate_n whether_o statute_n order_v the_o procedor_fw-la in_o atrocious_a crime_n general_o shall_v be_v extend_v to_o theft_n which_o they_o refer_v to_o the_o arbitration_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v to_o judge_n according_a to_o circumstance_n and_o certain_o pick_v or_o petty_a theft_n be_v not_o a_o atrocious_a crime_n except_o where_o the_o thief_n make_v a_o trade_n of_o it_o among_o
they_o be_v tie_v to_o strict_a law_n but_o they_o think_v that_o the_o council_n may_v allow_v some_o mitigation_n iii_o another_o species_n of_o usury_n by_o our_o law_n be_v to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o say_v before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o retain_v a_o year_n annualrent_a when_o the_o money_n be_v first_o lend_v and_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v usury_n by_o the_o 222._o act_n parl._n 14._o k._n ja._n 6._o and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 28._o act._n parl._n 23._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o last_n it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v detain_v the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o shall_v edict_n crave_v or_o receive_v from_o the_o debtor_n annualrent_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o add_v the_o same_o to_o their_o principal_a sum_n or_o whosoever_o shall_v exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_a shall_v commit_v usury_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o that_o principal_a of_o the_o civil_a law_n whereby_o puniebantur_fw-la qui_fw-la plus_fw-la petebant_fw-la &_o plus_fw-la tempore_fw-la petere_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la qui_fw-la petebas_fw-la ante_fw-la tempus_fw-la debito_fw-la constitutum_fw-la upon_o these_o last_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n forbid_v the_o exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n there_o be_v a_o dittay_n found_v against_o purdie_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o for_o take_v ten_o pound_n scot_n as_o the_o annualrent_n of_o fifty_o mark_n upon_o the_o 18._o of_o july_n whereas_o no_o annualrent_n be_v due_a till_o martimas_n that_o year_n against_o which_o dittay_n it_o be_v allege_v 1._o that_o this_o species_n of_o the_o dittay_n be_v mere_o statutory_a and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v either_o beyond_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n to_o salve_v which_o it_o be_v infer_v or_o beyond_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o pay_v interest_n before_o hand_n but_o that_o they_o may_v voluntary_o pay_v their_o annualrent_n without_o any_o danger_n to_o the_o receiver_n which_o may_v sometime_o be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o payer_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n who_o be_v liable_a for_o annualrent_n at_o martimas_n may_v be_v for_o his_o own_o advantage_n desirous_a that_o his_o creditor_n may_v receive_v his_o annualrent_n in_o september_n because_o he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o pay_v they_o at_o martimas_n and_o may_v be_v either_o at_o expense_n or_o in_o hazard_n to_o send_v they_o and_o therefore_o see_v the_o receiver_n here_o have_v raise_v no_o charge_n of_o horning_n nor_o use_v no_o other_o diligence_n for_o compel_v the_o debtor_n to_o pay_v the_o annualrent_n his_o voluntar_n offer_v of_o they_o shall_v not_o prejudge_v the_o receiver_n especial_o see_v by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o evit_v of_o oppression_n in_o exact_v money_n before_o the_o term_n be_v that_o against_o which_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n intend_v only_o to_o guard_v 2._o though_o by_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exact_v crave_v or_o receive_v annualrent_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n be_v express_o forbid_v yet_o when_o the_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v the_o clause_n found_v upon_o in_o this_o dittay_n the_o act_n speak_v only_o thereof_o crave_v or_o exact_v but_o do_v not_o forbid_v simple_o receive_v 3._o consuetudo_fw-la etiam_fw-la mala_fw-la &_o injusta_fw-la excusat_fw-la usurarium_fw-la à _fw-la pena_fw-la bar._n in_fw-la lege_fw-la siquis_fw-la fugitivus_fw-la ff_n edil_n edict_n socinus_n consilio_fw-la 170._o and_o it_o be_v very_a notour_n that_o in_o this_o caise_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinar_n then_o for_o honest_a and_o just_a man_n in_o scotland_n to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o the_o term_n from_o willing_a debtor_n either_o to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n or_o to_o gratify_v their_o debtor_n upon_o occasion_n and_o it_o be_v very_o unjust_a that_o the_o panel_n who_o be_v a_o poor_a merchant_n shall_v ensnare_v himself_o in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la think_v himself_o warrant_v in_o what_o he_o do_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o country_n and_o of_o the_o most_o intelligent_a person_n therein_o 4._o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n praetor_n nor_o shall_v severe_a and_o statutory_a punishment_n be_v inflict_v for_o error_n where_o no_o person_n be_v any_o way_n considerable_o prejudge_v and_o in_o which_o it_o can_v be_v presume_v there_o be_v any_o guilt_n see_v the_o advantage_n be_v so_o small_a for_o the_o only_a share_n the_o panel_n reap_v of_o this_o be_v the_o annualrent_a of_o ten_o pound_n from_o july_n to_o martimas_n which_o can_v not_o exceed_v three_o shilling_n scot_n so_o that_o to_o conclude_v a_o honest_a sincere_a merchant_n who_o be_v otherwise_o intigerrimae_fw-la famae_fw-la guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o movable_n and_o infamy_n which_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o usury_n be_v against_o all_o sense_n and_o reason_n who_o be_v not_o as_o the_o justice_n tie_v to_o strict_a law_n notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o the_o justice_n do_v find_v the_o dittay_v relevant_a as_o found_v upon_o the_o above-written_a clause_n of_o the_o foresay_a act_n but_o the_o ground_n above_o relate_v be_v represent_v to_o the_o council_n they_o rescind_v the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o justice_n do_v again_o condemn_v hugh_n roxburgh_n 28._o of_o november_n 1668._o upon_o the_o same_o act_n and_o like_o dittay_n but_o that_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v likewise_o stop_v by_o the_o council_n iv._o the_o three_o species_n of_o statutory_a usury_n with_o we_o be_v commit_v by_o these_o who_o to_o cheat_v the_o law_n colour_n their_o fraud_n by_o take_v not_o more_o anualrent_a direct_o then_o that_o be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o lew_n but_o take_v wodset_n of_o land_n from_o the_o borrower_n for_o more_o than_o their_o annualrent_n can_v extend_v to_o and_o set_v back-tack_n to_o they_o for_o payment_n of_o what_o be_v agree_v upon_o to_o prevent_v which_o and_o all_o such_o usury_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o law_n usura_fw-la velata_fw-la it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o 247._o act_n parl._n 15._o k._n ja._n 6._o that_o whoever_o receive_v such_o wodset_n or_o enter_v into_o any_o such_o bargain_n for_o which_o more_o be_v take_v either_o in_o money_n or_o by_o any_o other_o transaction_n whereby_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v may_v be_v reduce_v in_o money_n to_o more_o than_o the_o ordinar_n annualrent_n upon_o whatsoever_o colour_n or_o pretext_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o by_o the_o 62._o act_n par._n 1._o k._n ch._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o for_o the_o future_a it_o shall_v be_v usury_n to_o receive_v proper_a wodset_n of_o land_n and_o other_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n of_o the_o sum_n and_o bear_v by_o express_a provision_n that_o the_o lender_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o hazard_n of_o the_o fruit_n tenant_n war_n or_o trouble_v for_o clear_v of_o which_o act_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v that_o wodset_n with_o we_o be_v either_o proper_a or_o improper_a proper_a be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n run_v all_o hazard_n of_o the_o land_n wodset_v to_o he_o and_o be_v to_o expect_v no_o more_o annualrent_a for_o his_o money_n than_o what_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n remain_v after_o all_o hazard_n improper_a wodset_n be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v only_o countable_a for_o what_o rent_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o lender_n nor_o be_v he_o liable_a to_o the_o hazard_n of_o bankrupt-tennent_n warrant_v pestilence_n which_o distinction_n found_v upon_o these_o hazard_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o the_o common_a law_n for_o usury_n be_v a_o certain_a gain_n he_o who_o get_v for_o his_o money_n but_o a_o hazard_n of_o gain_n commit_v not_o usury_n for_o that_o be_v emptio_fw-la jactus_fw-la retis_fw-la as_o if_o i_o shall_v lend_v money_n and_o get_v for_o my_o security_n the_o hazard_n of_o what_o rent_n can_v be_v collect_v from_o a_o load_n of_o timber_n come_v from_o norway_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n the_o law_n allow_v fenus_fw-la nauticus_fw-la to_o be_v much_o great_a than_o all_o other_o see_v the_o lender_n run_v the_o risk_a therein_o of_o all_o sea_n hazard_n but_o if_o the_o hazard_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o may_v compense_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o annualrent_a take_v beyond_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o excuse_v not_o from_o usury_n as_o if_o a_o wodset_n be_v grant_v of_o a_o miln_n or_o salmond_n fish_v if_o the_o say_a rent_n do_v ordinary_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n by_o any_o considerable_a excess_n
within_o degree_n defendant_n to_o the_o party_n be_v receive_v witness_n even_o where_o the_o pursuit_n be_v pursue_v by_o their_o own_o friend_n 13._o july_n 1669._o murray_n against_o french_a upon_o a_o new_a pretext_n that_o brother_n and_o servant_n etc._n etc._n be_v habil_n witness_n where_o they_o be_v testes_fw-la instrumentarii_fw-la and_o witness_n in_o execution_n be_v testes_fw-la instrumentarii_fw-la but_o in_o my_o opinion_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o testes_fw-la instrumentarii_fw-la be_v receive_v though_o they_o be_v otherways_o in_o habiles_fw-la be_v because_o they_o be_v choose_v of_o common_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o subscription_n but_o that_o can_v be_v allege_v in_o such_o as_o be_v witness_n in_o execution_n who_o be_v only_o choose_v by_o the_o messenger_n himself_o after_o this_o crime_n be_v prove_v the_o ordinary_a verdict_n be_v the_o assize_n find_v the_o panel_n guilty_a of_o deforce_v such_o a_o messenger_n but_o yet_o where_o the_o assize_n find_v only_o the_o panel_n guilty_a of_o trouble_v the_o messenger_n in_o his_o office_n and_o will_v not_o find_v he_o guilty_a of_o deforce_v the_o justice_n find_v these_o term_n to_o be_v equivalent_a and_o punish_v the_o panel_n as_o a_o deforcer_n in_o the_o case_n of_o robert_n herris_n july_n 1667._o vi_o the_o party_n deforce_v have_v beside_o this_o criminal_a action_n a_o civil_a action_n for_o deforcement_n against_o such_o as_o have_v be_v accessary_a to_o the_o deforcement_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n which_o debt_n be_v ordain_v by_o the_o 117._o act_n 7._o parl._n ja._n 6._o to_o be_v pay_v together_o with_o the_o modification_n of_o his_o expense_n out_o of_o the_o first_o and_o ready_a of_o the_o deforcers_n escheat_n and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o king_n from_o which_o act_n these_o two_o doubt_n may_v arise_v 1._o since_o by_o the_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o person_n convict_v of_o deforcement_n shall_v be_v liable_a for_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n by_o this_o civil_a action_n that_o therefore_o this_o civil_a action_n be_v not_o competent_a until_o the_o party_n pursue_v be_v first_o find_v guilty_a of_o deforcement_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v find_v the_o 25._o of_o july_n 1663._o in_o the_o case_n of_o david_n mitchel_n that_o the_o party_n injure_v may_v pursue_v either_o civil_o or_o criminal_o and_o that_o this_o privilege_n be_v introduce_v by_o that_o act_n as_o a_o further_a advantage_n to_o the_o party_n deforce_v but_o because_o this_o action_n be_v found_v upon_o a_o criminal_a ground_n therefore_o they_o ordain_v the_o deforcement_n to_o be_v prove_v by_o most_o unsuspect_v witness_n the_o second_o doubt_n be_v whether_o by_o this_o act_n the_o deforcer_n other_o estate_n be_v liable_a to_o this_o action_n as_o well_o as_o his_o movable_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o that_o act_n appoint_v only_o the_o creditor_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o first_o end_n of_o the_o deforcers_n movable_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v the_o 13._o of_o december_n 1672._o in_o this_o case_n murray_n against_o french_a that_o this_o act_n do_v allow_v action_n for_o payment_n simpliciter_fw-la for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o the_o act_n do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n ordain_v payment_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o expense_n that_o the_o preferrence_n be_v a_o new_a superadded_a privilege_n and_o it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v be_v frustrate_a of_o his_o action_n because_o the_o deforcer_n have_v no_o moveable_n though_o he_o have_v a_o opulent_a heritable_a estate_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v likewise_o find_v that_o the_o party_n deforce_v may_v pursue_v either_o ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la criminally_n or_o may_v pursue_v civil_o this_o action_n for_o damage_n and_o interest_n and_o that_o the_o one_o action_n do_v not_o consume_v or_o exhaust_v the_o other_o and_o therefore_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi here_o have_v prevail_v in_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o this_o defender_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la that_o yet_o he_o may_v pursue_v this_o civil_a action_n for_o damage_n title_n xxvii_o falsum_fw-la falshood_n 1._o the_o several_a species_n of_o falsehood_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o the_o producer_n or_o user_n of_o false_a writ_n commit_v falsehood_n 3._o the_o punishment_n of_o falsehood_n by_o our_o law_n 4._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v only_o thereto_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n 5._o the_o lord_n proceed_v in_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n either_o summarily_a or_o by_o way_n of_o action_n 6._o the_o direct_a and_o indirect_a manner_n of_o probation_n 7._o after_o the_o writ_n be_v improve_v the_o forger_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n 8._o false_a witness_n how_o punish_v 9_o false_a coiner_n how_o punish_v 10._o false_a weight_n how_o punish_v 11._o the_o assume_v a_o false_a name_n &_o suppositio_fw-la personae_fw-la falsae_fw-la how_o punish_v falsehood_n be_v by_o the_o civilian_n define_v to_o be_v a_o fraudulent_a suppression_n or_o imitation_n of_o truth_n in_o prejudice_n of_o another_o it_o be_v by_o they_o divide_v in_o falsum_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsa_fw-la lege_fw-la cornelia_n vindicatur_fw-la &_o quasi_fw-la falsum_fw-la quod_fw-la senatus-consulto_a &_o constitutiâ—nibus_fw-la vindicabatur_fw-la matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi but_o suitable_a to_o our_o practice_n i_o shall_v divide_v falsehood_n in_o these_o four_o branch_n 1._o that_o falsehood_n which_o be_v commit_v in_o writ_n 2._o that_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o witness_n 3._o the_o forge_v and_o falsify_v of_o money_n 4._o the_o use_v of_o false_a weight_n and_o measure_n i._o as_o to_o the_o first_o branch_n he_o commit_v falsehood_n who_o either_o express_v in_o writ_n that_o which_o be_v not_o do_v or_o omit_v to_o express_v that_o which_o be_v do_v so_o that_o falsehood_n in_o writ_n may_v be_v commit_v either_o in_o commission_n or_o omission_n falshood_n be_v commit_v by_o commission_n either_o by_o fabricate_a a_o false_a writ_n or_o by_o sign_v it_o or_o cause_v another_o sign_n it_o qui_fw-la instrumentum_fw-la falsum_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la scripserit_fw-la signaverit_fw-la vel_fw-la signare_fw-la curaverit_fw-la recitaverit_fw-la mutaverit_fw-la subjecerit_fw-la amoveritcelaverit_fw-la deleverit_fw-la interleverit_fw-la resignaverit_fw-la all_o which_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v enumerat_a by_o ulpian_n leg_n 2._o ad_fw-la leg_n cornel._n 9_o §_o penult_n l._n paulus_fw-la cod._n ad_fw-la legem_fw-la cornel._n de_fw-fr falsis_fw-la which_o be_v pretty_o express_v but_o much_o more_o full_o l._n 2._o basil._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o these_o term_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o which_o theophil_n differ_v much_o inst_n §_n 7._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o punishment_n of_o falsehood_n be_v very_o different_a according_a to_o the_o several_a kind_n and_o degree_n of_o guilt_n as_o will_v hereafter_o appear_v ii_o falsehood_n in_o writ_n be_v commit_v by_o produce_v a_o false_a writ_n if_o they_o know_v it_o to_o be_v false_a which_o some_o doctor_n think_v punishable_a only_o if_o the_o write_v produce_v by_o they_o be_v suspect_v and_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v suspect_n if_o either_o it_o appear_v vitiat_fw-la by_o ocular_a inspection_n or_o if_o the_o writer_n or_o producer_n use_v to_o produce_v false_a writ_n or_o if_o it_o contain_v thing_n that_o be_v improbable_a the_o user_n of_o false_a writ_n be_v say_v to_o commit_v falsehood_n l._n majorem_fw-la cod._n de_fw-la fall_v which_o only_o hold_v if_o he_o know_v the_o writ_n produce_v by_o they_o to_o be_v false_a and_o therefore_o clarus_n relate_v a_o caution_n use_v by_o the_o practitioner_n which_o be_v that_o the_o user_n of_o the_o writ_n get_v a_o diet_n affix_v to_o he_o to_o deliver_v at_o if_o he_o will_v abide_v thereby_o and_o at_o the_o day_n affix_v he_o must_v either_o simple_o abide_v thereat_o without_o any_o qualification_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la if_o it_o be_v improven_v the_o user_n be_v punish_v as_o a_o forger_n albeit_o the_o doctor_n common_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o user_n be_v to_o be_v more_o meek_o punish_v then_o the_o fabricator_n paena_fw-la foilicet_fw-la relegationis_fw-la which_o caution_n be_v likewise_o in_o use_n with_o we_o but_o in_o this_o we_o differ_v that_o by_o our_o practic_n the_o user_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o abide_v by_o the_o writ_n though_o not_o simple_o as_o a_o writ_n true_a yet_o as_o a_o write_v real_o make_v over_o to_o he_o and_o in_o the_o forge_n whereof_o he_o have_v no_o interest_n as_o in_o the_o earl_n levins_n case_n 1665._o but_o though_o this_o qualify_v abide_v at_o the_o writ_n be_v allow_v in_o a_o heir_n or_o singular_a successor_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v only_o allow_v where_o there_o be_v some_o
qualitate_fw-la gravissime_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la and_o by_o the_o basilick_n there_o be_v no_o punishment_n express_v to_o that_o special_a kind_n of_o falsehood_n and_o so_o it_o be_v leave_v only_o punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsum_fw-la and_o though_o matheus_n do_v infer_v this_o to_o be_v capital_o punish_v from_o l._n 3._o l._n jul_a maje_v yet_o i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o man_n pretend_v false_o that_o he_o be_v a_o soldier_n which_o be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v punish_v l._n 27._o h._n t._n and_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n against_o the_o state_n which_o be_v punish_v dicta_fw-la l._n 3._o iv._o because_o the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n do_v ofttimes_o arise_v upon_o paper_n produce_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o because_o the_o trial_n thereof_o require_v a_o exact_a and_o long_o and_o a_o much_o more_o tedious_a search_n than_o the_o form_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n can_v allow_v who_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n therefore_o by_o the_o act_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n and_o albeit_o that_o act_n do_v not_o express_v their_o jurisdiction_n to_o be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o a_o accumulat_fw-la accusation_n of_o theft_n and_o falsehood_n pursue_v by_o the_o lord_n blantire_n against_o m_o cculloch_n his_o servant_n it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o justice_n that_o they_o will_v not_o proceed_v to_o judge_v the_o falsehood_n but_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o be_v try_v before_o the_o lord_n in_o a_o improbation_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la do_v only_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o that_o of_o divorce_n do_v to_o the_o commissary_n for_o else_o most_o of_o all_o falsehood_n will_v be_v only_o pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n see_v the_o trial_n there_o be_v much_o short_a and_o less_o expensive_a than_o before_o the_o lord_n whereas_o i_o find_v not_o any_o action_n of_o falsehood_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la record_v in_o all_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n v._o the_o lord_n do_v sometime_o proceed_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n summarie_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la simplicis_fw-la quaerelae_fw-la upon_o a_o bill_n without_o any_o formal_a summons_n and_o thus_o they_o find_v binnie_n a_o falsary_a for_o counterfeit_v the_o signet_n jun_n 1666._o but_o this_o they_o do_v only_o in_o two_o case_n 1._o when_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n 2._o when_o the_o signet_n or_o any_o part_n of_o a_o proâ—esse_n be_v ex_fw-la recenti_fw-la falsify_v the_o way_n of_o procedor_fw-la in_o this_o crime_n before_o the_o lord_n be_v this_o a_o summons_n of_o improbation_n be_v raise_v and_o continue_v and_o three_o term_n of_o old_a but_o now_o two_o only_o be_v by_o the_o regulation_n give_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o produce_v the_o writ_n call_v for_o to_o be_v improve_v if_o the_o paper_n call_v for_o be_v not_o produce_v certification_n be_v grant_v against_o they_o whereby_o they_o be_v declare_v such_o as_o can_v never_o be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o true_a paper_n in_o any_o time_n come_v but_o upon_o this_o presumptive_a improbation_n whereby_o the_o writ_n be_v only_o perfictionem_fw-la juris_fw-la declare_v null_n the_o party_n who_o be_v call_v to_o produce_v they_o be_v not_o repute_v a_o forger_n or_o punish_v as_o such_o for_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la eo_fw-la casu_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la de_fw-fr licti_fw-la or_o that_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o paper_n as_o be_v call_v for_o nor_o be_v there_o ever_o certification_n grant_v or_o any_o further_a inquiry_n make_v into_o the_o falsehood_n itself_o till_o november_n 1669._o at_o which_o time_n certification_n have_v be_v grant_v against_o some_o paper_n make_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o captain_n barclay_n the_o lord_n find_v they_o may_v proceed_v a_o little_a further_o by_o examine_v the_o witness_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o have_v never_o be_v do_v 2._o that_o non_fw-la constabat_fw-la de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la de_fw-fr licti_fw-la 3._o that_o by_o the_o certification_n res_fw-la erat_fw-la judicata_fw-la and_o so_o the_o lord_n functierant_fw-la officio_fw-la 4._o that_o the_o writ_n be_v improve_v be_v no_o long_o dangerous_a non_fw-la erat_fw-la amplius_fw-la nociva_fw-la &_o nullus_fw-la potest_fw-la puniri_fw-la defalso_fw-la ubi_fw-la falsum_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la nocivum_fw-la and_o albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o a_o person_n who_o falsify_v writ_n may_v destroy_v they_o when_o he_o find_v they_o can_v not_o be_v advantageous_a and_o so_o escape_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hazard_n in_o this_o because_o if_o the_o forger_n use_v they_o not_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o no_o person_n can_v be_v prejudge_v but_o if_o he_o do_v the_o party_n injure_v may_v force_v he_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o clerk_n hand_n and_o intent_n and_o improbation_n by_o the_o 62._o act._n 7._o parl._n q._n m._n the_o judge_n be_v allow_v to_o exact_a caution_n from_o such_o as_o propon_n improbation_n and_o though_o some_o doubt_n whether_o this_o caution_n may_v be_v exact_v as_o well_o when_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n as_o when_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o action_n yet_o since_o the_o danger_n be_v the_o same_o it_o both_o and_o that_o by_o the_o act_n this_o be_v declare_v to_o extend_v as_o well_o at_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o summons_n as_o at_o the_o propon_n of_o the_o objection_n and_o that_o lex_fw-la non_fw-la distinguit_fw-la i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o this_o doubt_n and_o this_o it_o be_v decide_v the_o 25._o of_o jun_n 1675._o the_o sum_n for_o which_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o case_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o though_o this_o statute_n appoint_v only_a caution_n to_o be_v find_v yet_o the_o lord_n do_v ordain_v the_o money_n ofttimes_o to_o be_v consign_v vi_o there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o improve_n a_o writ_n viz._n the_o direct_a and_o indirect_a manner_n the_o direct_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v by_o the_o writer_n and_o witness_n insert_v the_o indirect_a manner_n be_v by_o witness_n not_o insert_v but_o by_o presumption_n and_o other_o extrinsic_a argument_n but_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o our_o law_n that_o whilst_o the_o direct_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v extant_a that_o be_v to_o say_v whilst_o writer_n and_o witness_n insert_v be_v alive_a no_o trial_n can_v be_v take_v by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n as_o to_o the_o direct_a manner_n we_o have_v this_o general_a maxim_n viz._n that_o such_o witness_n as_o be_v dead_a be_v prove_v witness_n but_o this_o hold_v only_o presumptive_a for_o if_o of_o five_o witness_n insert_v two_o 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to_o swear_v before_o any_o debate_n upon_o the_o indirect_a manner_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o ordain_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o improbation_n and_o to_o ordain_v the_o defender_n to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o approbation_n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v not_o publicatio_fw-la testimoniorum_fw-la in_o our_o law_n in_o civil_a case_n yet_o because_o improbation_n have_v a_o criminal_a effect_n and_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o the_o defender_n therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v in_o this_o case_n to_o ordain_v the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v see_v by_o both_o party_n and_o both_o party_n be_v full_o hear_v to_o debate_v in_o praesentia_fw-la the_o lord_n do_v either_o improve_v or_o assoylzie_n if_o the_o lord_n improve_v they_o have_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n power_n to_o impose_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n suitable_a to_o the_o crime_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v sometime_o ordain_v the_o forget_v to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n if_o the_o cheat_n be_v but_o small_a or_o the_o person_n in_o great_a necessity_n and_o sometime_o they_o only_o ordain_v the_o forger_n to_o be_v imprison_v and_o rebuke_v he_o without_o discover_v the_o falsehood_n as_o they_o do_v late_o to_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v otherways_o very_o discreet_a be_v by_o his_o poverty_n drive_v to_o counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n of_o his_o friend_n to_o a_o bond_n of_o suspension_n sometime_o likewise_o they_o refer_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o council_n who_o upon_o that_o reference_n use_v either_o to_o condemn_v the_o forger_n to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n as_o they_o do_v captain_n barclay_n or_o else_o they_o use_v to_o send_v they_o to_o the_o mercat_n cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n as_o they_o do_v tulloch_n a_o nottar_n for_o forge_v a_o charter_n 4._o july_n 1638._o but_o this_o mitigation_n be_v only_o allow_v when_o the_o forger_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o commit_v that_o crime_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o other_o or_o by_o his_o own_o simplicity_n and_o have_v ingenious_o confess_v vii_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o procedor_fw-la take_v by_o the_o lord_n when_o they_o have_v improven_v the_o paper_n and_o find_v they_o to_o be_v false_a be_v to_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n against_o who_o a_o indictment_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o the_o assize_n swear_v the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v read_v without_o repeat_v any_o further_a probation_n and_o the_o assize_n must_v condemn_v thereupon_o else_o they_o will_v be_v pursue_v for_o error_n and_o therefore_o the_o verdict_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la bear_v find_v the_o panel_n guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o decreet_a of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n upon_o this_o verdict_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v express_o to_o condemn_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v hang_v as_o halyday_n for_o counterfeit_v a_o discharge_n 8._o february_n 1597._o james_n tarbet_n for_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o counterfeit_v a_o false_a charter_n 16._o february_n 1600._o and_o if_o the_o falsehood_n be_v atrocious_a they_o sometime_o before_o the_o execution_n ordain_v the_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o if_o the_o lord_n remit_v not_o the_o case_n to_o the_o justice_n when_o they_o find_v the_o paper_n to_o be_v false_a they_o ordain_v the_o paper_n improven_v to_o be_v cancel_v in_o their_o own_o presence_n but_o if_o they_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n than_o the_o paper_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o when_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v there_o against_o the_o panel_n the_o paper_n be_v likewise_o cancel_v at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o justice_n viii_o the_o second_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v that_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o witness_n in_o their_o deposition_n which_o may_v be_v many_o way_n commit_v as_o 1._o by_o take_v money_n to_o depon_n or_o not_o depon_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ad_fw-la dicendum_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la dicendum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la acceperit_fw-la l._n 20._o ff_n h._n t._n 20._o by_o conceal_v the_o truth_n or_o express_v more_o than_o the_o truth_n though_o they_o receive_v no_o money_n l._n 16_o §_o ult_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi 3._o by_o depon_v thing_n express_o contradictory_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o contradiction_n must_v be_v palpable_a and_o not_o consequential_a nam_fw-la omnis_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la praeferendo_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la reconcilientur_fw-la witness_n either_o be_v such_o as_o be_v swear_v and_o if_o they_o swear_v false_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n or_o else_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v false_a witness_n without_o a_o oath_n as_o witness_n in_o paper_n and_o these_o be_v punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsarii_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n clar._n hoc_fw-la tit_n num_fw-la 11._o and_o of_o these_o i_o design_n to_o treat_v only_o at_o least_o principal_o in_o this_o title_n he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o in_o one_o point_n be_v repute_v false_a in_o all_o his_o deposition_n whether_o the_o point_n be_v coherent_a or_o not_o but_o he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o only_o in_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_o punish_v as_o if_o he_o have_v depone_v false_o upon_o the_o substantial_o of_o what_o be_v interrogat_n and_o yet_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v falsarius_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v one_o of_o barclay_n servant_n to_o be_v send_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n because_o he_o prevaricat_fw-la only_o in_o his_o deposition_n about_o the_o carry_v of_o a_o letter_n though_o that_o be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o debate_n and_o be_v main_o use_v to_o try_v the_o witness_n honesty_n oblivion_n or_o forgetfulness_n excuse_v sometime_o à _fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la falsi_fw-la if_o it_o be_v invincible_o or_o strong_o found_v but_o not_o otherwise_o witness_n depon_v false_o and_o such_o as_o induce_v witness_n be_v by_o our_o law_n punish_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n act_n 80._o parl._n 6._o i._o 5._o but_o thereafter_o by_o pierce_v their_o tongue_n and_o escheat_v of_o their_o moveable_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o be_v never_o to_o brook_v honour_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o be_v to_o be_v further_o punish_v in_o their_o person_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o fault_n q._n m._n parl._n 6._o cap._n 48._o by_o the_o lord_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o may_v punish_v witness_n ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la during_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o process_n before_o themselves_o wherein_o the_o witness_n depone_v false_o but_o if_o either_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o depon_v in_o another_o court_n or_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v functi_fw-la officio_fw-la as_o to_o the_o process_n wherein_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o lord_n can_v judge_v the_o falsehood_n or_o punish_v the_o false_a witness_n sometime_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n who_o have_v confess_v that_o they_o subscribe_v witness_n to_o a_o disposition_n grant_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o his_o nephew_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n who_o banish_v they_o and_o sometime_o they_o themselves_o ordain_v they_o to_o be_v banish_v or_o to_o have_v their_o tongue_n pierce_v or_o to_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o cock-stool_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n yet_o they_o can_v ordain_v they_o to_o die_v because_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n grant_v by_o this_o act_n can_v in_o law_n be_v extend_v ad_fw-la infligendam_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la as_o be_v full_o clear_v elsewhere_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v to_o remit_v the_o falsarie_a to_o the_o justice_n if_o the_o crime_n deserve_v death_n but_o it_o may_v be_v question_v if_o the_o justice_n can_v inflict_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n in_o any_o case_n upon_o false_a witness_n since_o that_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v capital_a by_o any_o act_n but_o to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o may_v and_o do_v inflâ—ct_a capital_a punishment_n upon_o the_o committer_n of_o this_o crime_n in_o some_o case_n and_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n ja._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o be_v mean_v the_o civil_a law_n &_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la witness_v have_v be_v hang_v for_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o croy_n and_o for_o suborn_v other_o to_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o cheyn_n march_v 15._o 1605._o and_o grahame_n march_v 8._o 1615._o at_o which_o time_n also_o dunlop_n and_o some_o other_o be_v hang_v for_o offer_v themselves_o to_o be_v false_a witness_n albeit_o they_o do_v not_o actual_o depon_n because_o they_o be_v not_o receive_v
the_o offer_n have_v before_o their_o examination_n come_v to_o light_n ix_o the_o three_o kind_n of_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o falsify_v money_n falsum_fw-la nummartum_fw-la which_o be_v account_v so_o great_a a_o crime_n that_o it_o be_v common_o except_v out_o of_o remission_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o crightoun_n remission_n march_v 15._o 1661._o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v 1._o by_o forge_v true_a money_n without_o authority_n 2._o by_o coin_v false_a money_n and_o impress_v copper_n lead_v or_o any_o base_a metal_n with_o the_o stamp_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o of_o other_o currant_n money_n 2._o by_o mix_v and_o ally_v worset_n with_o noble_a metal_n in_o currant_n coin_n 4._o by_o vent_v and_o pass_v or_o out-putting_a as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o the_o adulterate_a money_n coin_a by_o other_o or_o entertain_v the_o forger_n or_o be_v art_n and_o part_v red_a or_o of_o the_o council_n with_o the_o coiner_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la probos_fw-la nummos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la in_o officina_fw-la publica_fw-la tenentur_fw-la lege_fw-la cornelia_n nummaria_fw-la l._n 12._o c._n de_fw-fr falsa_fw-la monet_fw-la qui_fw-la adulterinos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la veros_fw-la adulterant_fw-la radunt_fw-la fingunt_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la cunque_fw-la &_o l._n seque_fw-la ff_n hoc_fw-la tit_n qui_fw-la nammos_fw-la probos_fw-la lavant_fw-la constant_a aut_fw-la vultu_fw-la principum_fw-la signatos_fw-la reprobant_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr vet_n numis_fw-la pot_n by_o our_o law_n every_o burgh_n shall_v have_v a_o clipping-house_n which_o be_v a_o house_n for_o try_v money_n for_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o clip_v and_o swear_v man_n who_o shall_v clip_v evil_a money_n who_o be_v to_o have_v a_o penny_n for_o ilk_fw-mi pound_n that_o be_v clip_v and_o the_o haver_n be_v to_o tine_n the_o false-money_n i._o 6._o p._n 1._o c._n 19_o and_o the_o clip_a money_n if_o it_o be_v evil_a stuff_n or_o false_a coin_n shall_v be_v return_v to_o the_o owner_n i._o 4._o p._n 4._o act_n 4._o they_o who_o falsify_v money_n or_o counterfeit_v the_o king_n iron_n be_v to_o be_v justify_v id_fw-la est_fw-la punish_v according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n act_n 124._o p._n 7._o i._o 5._o by_o which_o act_n though_o it_o be_v add_v according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n yet_o we_o have_v no_o law_n de_fw-fr falso_fw-la nummario_fw-la prio_fw-la to_o this_o except_o act_n 40._o p._n 5._o i._o 3._o which_o punish_v only_o the_o home-bringer_n of_o black_a money_n with_o death_n by_o the_o act_n 70._o p._n 9_o q._n m._n the_o home-bringer_n of_o false_a coin_v or_o lay-money_n shall_v be_v dilate_v and_o the_o dilater_n be_v to_o have_v the_o half_a of_o all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a for_o his_o reveal_n and_o it_o seem_v by_o that_o act_n that_o it_o be_v make_v treason_n for_o confiscation_n of_o land_n or_o movable_a good_n be_v only_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o i_o find_v no_o other_o act_n that_o can_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o drummond_n conviction_n as_o a_o traitor_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr practica_fw-la this_o crime_n have_v be_v diverse_o punish_v reid_n be_v hang_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n with_o the_o king_n iron_n july_n 13._o 1602._o drummond_n burn_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n novemb_n 27._o 1601._o and_o his_o brother_n patrick_n drummond_n burn_v also_o for_o art_n and_o part_n red_a counsel_n and_o conceal_v the_o treasonable_a forge_n coin_v and_o out-putting_a for_o vent_v be_v still_o a_o crime_n and_o be_v design_v out-putting_a in_o our_o style_n of_o false_a money_n meinzy_n also_o be_v hang_v for_o art_n and_o part_n as_o say_v be_v june_n 30._o 1603._o thomson_n be_v hang_v and_o forefault_n for_o bring_v home_o and_o out-putting_a false_a money_n january_n 19_o 1603._o x._o the_o four_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v false_a weight_n and_o measure_n adulterinae_fw-la staterae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la l._n corneliam_n l._n annonam_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim_n &_o falsae_fw-la measurae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la relegationem_fw-la ibid._n with_o we_o the_o use_v false_a measure_n or_o weight_n of_o old_a be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_a leg_n burg._n cap._n 52._o and_o the_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a thereto_o for_o the_o first_o three_o fault_n but_o the_o forth_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v only_o punishable_a by_o the_o justice_n because_o the_o committer_n life_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v cap._n 74._o ibid._n but_o now_o such_o as_o use_v false_a measure_n or_o weight_n deceive_v the_o people_n be_v to_o be_v indict_v as_o falsar_n act_n 47._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o by_o which_o act_n haver_n can_v be_v punish_v except_o they_o use_v since_o the_o act_n ordain_v user_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o mention_n only_o such_o as_o deceive_v the_o people_n which_o be_v not_o do_v without_o use_v and_o by_o the_o 2._o act_n parl._n 19_o ja._n 6._o the_o user_n of_o false_a weight_n and_o measure_n be_v to_o tine_n their_o hail_n good_n and_o geir_n which_o punishment_n derogat_n not_o from_o the_o former_a act_n inflict_v the_o punishment_n of_o falsit_fw-la as_o have_v be_v debate_v more_o full_o in_o the_o title_n of_o deforcement_n de_fw-fr practica_fw-la i_o find_v that_o brown_n be_v fyne_v for_o false_a measure_n by_o the_o council_n warrant_v in_o 100_o mark_n pen._n july_n 1629._o and_o that_o porteus_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o use_v be_v not_o prove_v since_o have_v of_o false_a weight_n in_o the_o shop_n presume_v use_v except_o this_o presumption_n be_v take_v off_o as_o by_o allege_v that_o the_o weight_n be_v present_o buy_v or_o borrow_v or_o lay_v aside_o as_o light_v may_n 1671._o by_o the_o foresay_a last_o act_n the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o stewart_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n but_o their_o commission_n there_o be_v only_o tempory_o for_o a_o year_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o these_o be_v not_o otherways_o judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n else_o this_o commission_n have_v be_v unnecessary_a the_o use_v also_o a_o long_a ell_n or_o yard_n be_v also_o punishable_a though_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o here_o the_o merchant_n himself_o be_v only_o prejudge_v for_o he_o may_v receive_v as_o well_o as_o give_v out_o by_o it_o nor_o do_v the_o law_n presume_v that_o a_o man_n will_v keep_v any_o measure_n to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n i_o find_v also_o that_o there_o be_v a_o merchant_n in_o elgin_n pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n july_n ult_n 1672._o for_o false_a weight_n in_o swaâ—_n far_o as_o he_o go_v to_o a_o mercat_n drag_v his_o tobacco_n after_o the_o boat_n in_o the_o salt_n water_n which_o make_v it_o weigh_v more_o than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v have_v do_v and_o so_o the_o people_n be_v cheat_v but_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v and_o though_o the_o defender_n allege_v that_o this_o be_v do_v for_o keep_v the_o tobacco_n from_o dry_v too_o much_o and_o moulder_v into_o piece_n yet_o the_o magistrate_n of_o elgin_n have_v fyned_fw-we he_o former_o for_o the_o same_o fault_n in_o 20._o pound_n scot_n even_o for_o the_o ill_a example_n paena_fw-la falsi_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la tenetur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o sua_fw-la mercatura_fw-la addit_fw-la inutile_fw-la ut_fw-la pulverem_fw-la arenam_fw-la etc._n etc._n aut_fw-la species_n aridas_fw-la detinet_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la humido_fw-la carp_n pag._n 375._o xi_o falshood_n be_v also_o commit_v by_o assume_v a_o false_a name_n vid._n stellionatum_fw-la and_o by_o present_v one_o person_n for_o another_o at_o the_o subscribe_v of_o paper_n suppositio_fw-la salsae_fw-la personae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la partum_fw-la svi_fw-la positum_fw-la by_o the_o civil_a law_n i_o find_v one_o david_n donaldson_n hang_v for_o this_o imposture_n have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o false_a person_n who_o design_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o person_n who_o shall_v by_o the_o agreement_n have_v subscribe_v the_o assignation_n decemb._n 12._o 1611._o the_o suppose_v a_o false_a birth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o lay_n in_o one_o child_n for_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o false_a deed_n with_o the_o punishment_n of_o falsehood_n since_o thereby_o man_n be_v cheat_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n l._n ad_fw-la corn._n the_o fall_v the_o word_n whereof_o be_v periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la subeat_fw-la be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o death_n boer_n decis_fw-la 82._o and_o the_o midwife_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o a_o false_a child_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n pegner_n decis_fw-la 80._o but_o i_o find_v that_o farin_n relate_v that_o periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la be_v in_o this_o case_n extend_v no_o further_o than_o scourge_v but_o yet_o since_o this_o be_v a_o great_a cheat_n and_o do_v steal_v away_o a_o estate_n from_o the_o righteous_a heir_n and_o adulterats_n the_o offspring_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v panish_v as_o severe_o
as_o their_o especial_o since_o it_o can_v be_v commit_v only_o by_o such_o as_o be_v trust_v aggrage_v their_o guilt_n by_o their_o unfaithfulness_n this_o crime_n be_v call_v by_o the_o latin_n partus_fw-la suppositus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o basilick_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d title_n xxviii_o stellionatus_fw-la 1._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o stellionat_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o what_o it_o be_v and_o how_o punishable_a by_o our_o law_n the_o heart_n of_o man_n be_v deceitful_a above_o all_o thing_n and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v conversant_a in_o business_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o cheat_n do_v among_o man_n multiply_v and_o vary_v themselves_o into_o so_o many_o form_n that_o legislator_n be_v force_v to_o invent_v this_o general_a name_n of_o stellionat_a under_o which_o they_o may_v range_v all_o cheat_n and_o thence_o spring_v that_o maxim_n l._n 3._o ff_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi ubicunque_fw-la titulus_fw-la criminis_fw-la deficit_fw-la illic_fw-la stellionatum_fw-la objiciemus_fw-la which_o must_v be_v interpret_v and_o restrict_v in_o its_o generality_n by_o the_o precede_a word_n stellionatum_fw-la objici_fw-la posse_fw-la his_fw-la qui_fw-la dolo_fw-la quid_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la so_o that_o to_o infer_v this_o crime_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o there_o be_v a_o cheat_n or_o fraud_n use_v and_o that_o the_o cheat_n want_v a_o other_o name_n for_o there_o be_v fraud_n which_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o title_n as_o falsify_v wait_n counterfeit_v seal_n the_o ordinary_a species_n of_o stellionat_a in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v to_o sell_v or_o impignoraâ—_n or_o to_o give_v for_o payment_n fraudulent_o of_o our_o debt_n these_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o other_o and_o to_o corrupt_v or_o change_v merchandise_n which_o we_o former_o sell_v to_o exact_v likewise_o debt_n which_o be_v former_o pay_v and_o know_v to_o be_v pay_v be_v stellionat_a l._n 29._o ff_n mandati_fw-la but_o the_o crave_n of_o it_o be_v most_o criminal_a if_o recept_n of_o what_o be_v crave_v follow_v not_o upon_o it_o bartol_n ibid._n and_o so_o far_o be_v receive_v criminal_a that_o the_o receive_a payment_n of_o a_o debt_n former_o pay_v be_v stellionar_n though_o simple_a crave_v without_o receive_v will_v not_o infer_v it_o but_o it_o be_v most_o observable_a that_o fraud_n be_v still_o requisite_a to_o the_o construction_n of_o this_o crime_n and_o its_o essence_n ii_o by_o our_o law_n we_o have_v no_o express_a statute_n against_o stellionat_a except_o only_o act_v 140._o p._n 20._o i._o 6._o which_o bear_v that_o no_o duty_n shall_v be_v dispone_v to_o two_o sundry_a person_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la stellionatus_fw-la of_o the_o law_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o our_o law_n presuppose_v the_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v our_o law_n as_o to_o that_o crime_n for_o it_o do_v not_o determine_v what_o be_v to_o be_v account_v stellionat_a or_o appoint_v a_o particular_a punishment_n for_o stellionat_a but_o only_o clear_v declaratorly_a that_o the_o dispon_a duty_n or_o rent_n of_o land_n to_o several_a person_n shall_v be_v account_v stellionatus_fw-la and_o therefore_o what_o ever_o be_v punish_v as_o stellionat_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v be_v punish_v as_o such_o by_o we_o not_o only_a à _fw-la pari_fw-la or_o by_o extension_n but_o by_o approbation_n the_o roman_a law_n have_v by_o the_o allowance_n of_o that_o act_n become_v we_o and_o therefore_o the_o make_n of_o double_a assignation_n or_o disposition_n of_o land_n or_o of_o any_o thing_n else_o beside_o rent_n mention_v express_o in_o that_o act_n be_v punish_v as_o stellionat_a in_o our_o practic_n which_o be_v warrant_v likewise_o by_o the_o 105._o act_n p._n 7._o i._o 5._o by_o which_o act_n though_o stellionat_a be_v not_o mention_v yet_o it_o be_v thereby_o punish_v for_o it_o be_v there_o declare_v that_o whosoever_o make_v double_a disposition_n of_o land_n he_o shall_v be_v call_v at_o the_o king_n instance_n and_o punish_v at_o the_o king_n will_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v why_o double_a alienation_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o stellionat_a see_v qui_fw-la rem_fw-la unam_fw-la duobus_fw-la vendit_fw-la falsi_fw-la est_fw-la reus_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la duobus_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n de_fw-fr falso_fw-la in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o conceive_v we_o must_v distinguish_v betwixt_o these_o who_o whilst_o they_o be_v sell_v be_v desire_v to_o clear_a if_o the_o thing_n offer_v to_o be_v sell_v have_v be_v former_o sell_v or_o not_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o which_o case_n he_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o manifest_a lie_n and_o so_o of_o falsehood_n but_o if_o he_o only_o sell_v one_o thing_n twice_o without_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v former_o sell_v or_o be_v not_o his_o own_o than_o he_o be_v only_o guilty_a of_o stellionat_a see_v though_o there_o be_v a_o cheat_n in_o this_o case_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o lie_n a_o instance_n whereof_o fall_v out_o into_o my_o own_o experience_n for_o there_o be_v two_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n of_o one_o name_n and_o money_n be_v direct_v to_o one_o of_o the_o two_o the_o bearer_n deliver_v it_o to_o the_o other_o as_o due_a by_o his_o master_n to_o he_o which_o case_n be_v think_v by_o those_o who_o consult_v it_o to_o be_v stellionat_a see_v though_o the_o receiver_n have_v not_o say_v to_o the_o bearer_n that_o his_o master_n be_v his_o debtor_n yet_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v receive_v the_o money_n for_o he_o be_v obliedge_v to_o know_v that_o the_o same_o be_v not_o due_a to_o he_o and_o yet_o according_a to_o farinacius_n opinion_n who_o think_v that_o dolus_fw-la in_o committendo_fw-la tantum_fw-la insert_v stellionatum_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la dolus_fw-la in_o ommittendo_fw-la it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o this_o case_n be_v not_o stellionat_a see_v the_o receiver_n of_o the_o money_n be_v only_o guilty_a of_o omission_n in_o not_o clear_v the_o bearer_n mistake_v but_o i_o differ_v in_o this_o from_o farinacius_n for_o see_v dolus_fw-la in_o ommittendo_fw-la may_v be_v a_o great_a cheat_n in_o itself_o and_o that_o the_o party_n wrong_v be_v as_o much_o lese_v thereby_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o one_o may_v not_o infer_v stellionat_a as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o albeit_o dolus_fw-la in_o ommittendo_fw-la be_v not_o stellionat_a yet_o this_o case_n be_v see_v the_o recept_n of_o money_n send_v to_o another_o be_v more_o than_o omission_n by_o that_o act_n james_n 5._o it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o superior_n receive_v double_a resignation_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o these_o who_o grant_v double_a disposition_n and_o certain_o that_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v most_o just_a see_v if_o the_o superior_a be_v conscious_a to_o the_o design_n of_o make_v these_o double_a resignation_n he_o can_v but_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o cheat_n of_o make_v the_o double_a disposition_n whereupon_o the_o resignation_n flow_v and_o so_o shall_v be_v equal_o punish_v and_o in_o effect_n a_o superior_a grant_v new_a infestment_n upon_o divers_a resignation_n to_o divers_a person_n do_v grant_v double_a right_n for_o to_o grant_v a_o new_a right_n upon_o the_o old_a vassal_n resignation_n be_v to_o dispon_n and_o see_v the_o buyer_n be_v prejudge_v more_o by_o these_o resignation_n then_o by_o these_o disposition_n upon_o which_o they_o slow_v that_o be_v a_o more_o complete_a act_n then_o the_o other_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o the_o superior_a shall_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o well_o as_o the_o seller_n and_o yet_o because_o it_o be_v not_o presume_v that_o any_o will_v cheat_v where_o there_o be_v no_o gain_n and_o that_o the_o superior_a in_o receive_v resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la gain_v little_a therefore_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v now_o in_o desuctude_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o other_o species_n of_o stellionat_a be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n as_o in_o anno_fw-la 1634._o james_n clerk_n be_v pursue_v because_o a_o sword_n be_v send_v by_o cuthbertson_n to_o mowbray_n a_o sword-slipper_n clerk_n do_v say_v to_o the_o bearer_n that_o he_o be_v mowbray_n and_o so_o take_v the_o sword_n which_o libel_v the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v to_o infer_v falsehood_n but_o tanquam_fw-la crimen_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la genere_fw-la and_o yet_o l._n 13._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n cor._n de_fw-fr falso_fw-la assumptio_fw-la falsi_fw-la cognominis_fw-la est_fw-la crimen_fw-la falsi_fw-la the_o punishment_n then_o of_o this_o crime_n can_v not_o be_v certain_a and_o determinat_fw-la see_v the_o crime_n be_v various_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o punishable_a at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n and_o measure_n of_o the_o fraud_n commit_v and_o it_o be_v call_v stellionat_a from_o a_o serpent_n call_v stellio_n which_o be_v beautify_v by_o starry_a spot_n stellatis_fw-la guttis_fw-la distinctum_fw-la and_o be_v the_o
it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v conceive_v disjunctive_o likeas_n it_o seem_v that_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v design_v to_o add_v the_o word_n common_a to_o receipt_n and_o stouthreif_n they_o will_v have_v add_v the_o same_o to_o prevent_v this_o objection_n and_o it_o seem_v indeed_o that_o stouthreif_n which_o be_v that_o species_n of_o theft_n that_o we_o call_v robery_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n in_o land_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o common_o commit_v the_o same_o because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v robbery_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v rob_v than_o steal_v this_o crime_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v in_o they_o as_o common_a theft_n and_o according_o the_o foresay_a alledgiance_n be_v propon_v for_o james_n wood_n the_o 21._o may_v 1601._o it_o be_v repel_v iii_o in_o this_o process_n likewise_o the_o say_a james_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o rob_v the_o writ_n and_o evident_n belong_v to_o bonitown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi oughts_z to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o land_n to_o which_o these_o evident_n belong_v because_o if_o that_o be_v condescend_v on_o the_o panel_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o say_v land_n and_o consequent_o the_o evident_n do_v belong_v to_o himself_o which_o alledgiance_n be_v likewise_o repel_v nor_o be_v it_o find_v necessary_a that_o a_o civil_a precognition_n shall_v proceed_v in_o this_o case_n and_o in_o june_n 1668._o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o libel_n be_v relevant_a bear_v in_o general_n that_o jewel_n or_o pearl_n be_v steal_v without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a number_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o macgibbons_n decemb._n 8._o 1676._o that_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o person_n from_o who_o the_o good_n be_v rob_v nor_o what_o good_n be_v rob_v but_o only_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o panel_n do_v frequent_o rob_v the_o house_n of_o garntilly_n and_o strathurd_n tenant_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o where_o private_a party_n pursue_v ad_fw-la interest_n privatum_fw-la such_o a_o condescendance_n be_v nessary_a because_o the_o informer_n may_v know_v nor_o can_v the_o private_a damnage_n be_v repair_v except_o his_o loss_n be_v liquid_o prove_v yet_o when_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o a_o habitual_a and_o constant_a trade_n of_o rob_v and_o sorning_n be_v libel_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n and_o if_o the_o speciality_n be_v not_o prove_v the_o panel_n have_v no_o prejudice_n for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v find_v guilty_a nor_o will_v the_o probation_n be_v conclude_v but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o his_o majesty_n which_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v rob_v or_o what_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v his_o majesty_n interest_n that_o no_o constant_a and_o habitual_a robbery_n be_v commit_v in_o his_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o ordinary_a then_o to_o sustain_v libel_n against_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o open_a rebellion_n without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v kill_v or_o rob_v in_o that_o rebellion_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o if_o the_o particular_a good_n allege_v to_o be_v rob_v be_v condescend_v on_o the_o libel_n may_v be_v elide_v by_o this_o suitable_a defence_n viz._n that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o the_o good_n or_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n it_o may_v have_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o be_v not_o preclude_v from_o such_o defence_n by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o libel_n for_o the_o panel_n may_v allege_v that_o the_o take_v away_o of_o such_o and_o such_o good_n can_v not_o infer_v robbery_n because_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o these_o good_n or_o be_v warrant_v to_o take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n the_o justice_n sustain_v this_o libel_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o generality_n aforesaid_a alexander_n steil_n be_v pursue_v in_o august_n 1669._o for_o steal_v and_o rob_v evident_n writ_n and_o clothes_n out_o of_o captain_n barclay_v house_n who_o be_v his_o master_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi behove_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o say_n evident_n be_v take_v away_o by_o force_n or_o break_v up_o of_o door_n and_o that_o the_o servant_n have_v of_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v theft_n though_o he_o have_v deliver_v they_o to_o a_o three_o party_n and_o albeit_o this_o shall_v be_v prove_v yet_o the_o justice_n find_v this_o alledgeance_n relevant_a viz._n that_o this_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v steal_v be_v give_v to_o the_o panel_n that_o he_o may_v counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n and_o he_o have_v no_o freedom_n to_o comply_v therewith_o he_o do_v run_v away_o to_o the_o lord_n fyvie_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o same_o to_o he_o without_o any_o reward_n which_o alledgeance_n be_v find_v relevant_a as_o say_v be_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o as_o to_o the_o wear_n clothes_n the_o libel_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a except_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o captain_n barclay_n and_o be_v under_o his_o lock_n at_o the_o time_n since_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o servant_n have_v wear_v these_o clothes_n public_o in_o his_o master_n service_n which_o purge_v the_o presumption_n of_o theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o poor_a servant_n can_v do_v if_o he_o have_v break_v up_o the_o door_n real_o at_o his_o master_n desire_n who_o have_v send_v he_o home_o to_o bring_v paper_n though_o he_o can_v not_o prove_v the_o command_n otherways_o then_o by_o his_o master_n oath_n for_o his_o master_n may_v always_o easy_o prove_v the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o door_n iv._o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n and_o so_o frequent_a be_v it_o that_o by_o the_o 21._o act_n parl._n 1_o ja._n 6._o all_o such_o as_o recept_n fortify_v maintain_v or_o give_v meat_n harbour_n or_o assistance_n to_o any_o such_o robber_n be_v declare_v art_n and_o part_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o act_n strike_v only_o where_o there_o be_v letter_n of_o intercommune_v and_o that_o because_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v to_o the_o effect_n it_o shall_v be_v know_v to_o what_o purpose_n they_o intercommune_v and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o severe_a to_o punish_v man_n as_o thief_n except_o they_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o to_o do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n or_o letter_n of_o intercommuning_n v._o by_o the_o 227._o act_n parl._n 14._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v for_o the_o same_o hatred_n against_o robber_n lawful_a to_o all_o his_o majesty_n liege_n to_o concur_v and_o join_v against_o clann_n and_o border_n thief_n and_o to_o take_v and_o execute_v they_o all_o magistrate_n and_o freeholders_n be_v make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v act._n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n and_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v but_o temporary_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o power_n of_o execute_v but_o robber_n may_v be_v lawful_o seize_v on_o without_o authority_n vi_o oppression_n be_v ordinary_o but_o a_o quality_n of_o other_o crime_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v sometime_o special_a dittaye_v found_v thereupon_o per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o there_o be_v some_o particular_a act_n declare_v several_a species_n of_o it_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o reif_a or_o by_o other_o specific_a punishment_n mention_v in_o the_o said_n act_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o compel_v the_o king_n proper_a tenant_n to_o ride_v or_o do_v service_n of_o avarage_n carriage_n shear_v lead_v etc._n etc._n and_o shall_v be_v punish_v according_o act_n 21._o p._n 2._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o take_v caup_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o duty_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v give_v by_o private_a man_n to_o such_o as_o thief_n and_o other_o great_a man_n act_n 18._o and_o 19_o parl._n 2._o ja._n 4._o vid._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o a_o crafts-man_n to_o take_v custom_n or_o any_o other_o taxation_n from_o another_o of_o that_o same_o craft_n or_o for_o they_o to_o make_v private_a act_n among_o themselves_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o people_n acts._n 42._o and_o 43._o parl._n 4._o james._n 4._o act._n 111._o parl._n 7._o i._o 5._o and_o act._n 4._o par._n 19_o ja._n 6._o it_o be_v oppression_n for_o customer_n to_o exact_v more_o than_o their_o due_n act._n 46._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o molest_v magistrate_n of_o burgh_n and_o other_o merchand_n to_o use_v their_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n act._n 26._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 5._o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o
be_v because_o diverse_a exception_n be_v former_o propound_v against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o summons_n whereby_o party_n be_v frustrate_v of_o justice_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o that_o act_n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n oblige_v to_o libel_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o commit_n and_o so_o guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n in_o swa_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v force_v to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o accession_n which_o seem_v unjust_a to_o the_o parliament_n because_o as_o i_o conjecture_v the_o accuser_n can_v not_o know_v all_o the_o accession_n before_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o witness_n for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o witness_n prodere_fw-la testimonium_fw-la to_o declare_v what_o they_o will_v depon_n and_o this_o make_v it_o impossible_a for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v exact_o whereas_o if_o he_o err_v in_o exact_a libel_v the_o panel_n or_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v because_o the_o probation_n do_v not_o quadrat_fw-la with_o the_o libel_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n be_v accuse_v for_o accession_n to_o the_o murder_n of_o one_o in_o swa_o far_o as_o he_o give_v direction_n to_o a._n b._n to_o kill_v he_o possible_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a of_o accession_n though_o not_o by_o give_v direction_n yet_o by_o counsel_v a._n b._n or_o by_o direct_v p._n or_o any_o other_o to_o commit_v murder_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a and_o yet_o can_v not_o be_v condemn_v because_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o prove_v yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v hard_a that_o such_o a_o general_a libel_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v relevant_a since_o it_o be_v as_o reasonable_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n that_o a_o person_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n which_o generality_n will_v not_o be_v allow_v likeas_n the_o defender_n seem_v by_o this_o preclude_v of_o many_o defence_n which_o will_v be_v competent_a to_o he_o if_o the_o libel_n be_v more_o special_a and_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o libel_n must_v condescend_v special_o upon_o the_o manner_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o accession_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o inconvenient_a be_v that_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o condescendency_n which_o infer_v art_n &_o part_n albeit_o many_o question_n in_o jure_fw-la be_v there_o start_v which_o be_v very_o intricat_a and_o which_o have_v trouble_v the_o great_a and_o most_o accurate_a doctor_n for_o by_o our_o practic_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o libel_n art_n and_o part_n will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o condescend_v how_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n or_o accessary_a to_o the_o crime_n commit_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o pursuit_n at_o sinclar_n instance_n against_o captain_n barclay_n but_o the_o libel_n be_v relevant_a when_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o defender_n must_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o probation_n be_v thereupon_o lead_v in_o which_o many_o impertinent_a and_o irrelevant_a interrogator_n be_v propound_v whereas_o if_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n no_o impertinent_a interrogator_fw-la will_v be_v allow_v since_o nothing_o can_v be_v interrogated_a but_o what_o be_v find_v to_o depend_v necessary_o upon_o the_o accession_n which_o be_v find_v relevant_a as_o also_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v the_o advocat_n upon_o both_o side_n be_v force_v to_o debate_v the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o probation_n and_o how_o far_o the_o accession_n be_v relevant_a and_o here_o law_n decision_n and_o doctor_n be_v allege_v to_o assizer_n who_o understand_v neither_o as_o for_o instance_n if_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n be_v libel_v probable_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v interrogat_n if_o the_o witness_n hear_v the_o defender_n say_v that_o it_o be_v no_o fault_n though_o the_o person_n who_o be_v kill_v be_v stab_v or_o approve_v the_o murder_n after_o it_o be_v commit_v upon_o which_o much_o debate_n may_v arise_v for_o the_o defender_n procurator_n will_v contend_v that_o the_o article_n be_v not_o relevant_a and_o though_o the_o justice_n do_v allow_v or_o the_o assizer_n do_v desire_v that_o the_o witness_n shall_v answer_v to_o these_o interrogator_n as_o they_o usual_o allow_v all_o interrogator_n reserve_v the_o relevancy_n to_o be_v debate_v after_o probation_n be_v conclude_v then_o a_o learned_a debate_n will_v ensue_v before_o the_o assizer_n after_o close_v of_o the_o probation_n upon_o these_o point_n so_o that_o the_o assizer_n be_v against_o the_o intention_n even_o of_o our_o law_n judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o to_o the_o point_n of_o law_n by_o who_o ignorance_n also_o the_o liedge_n be_v ofttimes_o much_o prejudge_v but_o when_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi design_n to_o have_v the_o relevancy_n of_o his_o condescendency_n judge_v by_o the_o justice_n he_o use_v to_o libel_v that_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n libel_v in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o give_v order_n or_o advise_v the_o commit_n of_o it_o etc._n etc._n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n be_v special_o condescend_v upon_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v judge_n to_o all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v general_o that_o the_o complice_n be_v art_n and_o part_n yet_o the_o libel_n must_v bear_v express_o who_o be_v complice_n for_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o libel_v who_o be_v complice_n general_o but_o their_o name_n and_o designation_n must_v be_v specify_v k._n ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o act_n 76._o because_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n and_o that_o the_o debate_v make_v to_o the_o assize_n be_v not_o upon_o record_n be_v only_o deliver_v viva_fw-la voce_fw-la therefore_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v but_o few_o decision_n here_o adduce_v for_o clear_v the_o relevancy_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o dittay_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o liege_n who_o may_v be_v assizer_n may_v understand_v what_o accession_n be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v a_o guilt_n they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o one_o may_v be_v art_n and_o part_n by_o deed_n precede_v the_o crime_n either_o by_o counsel_n or_o command_v consilio_fw-la aut_fw-la mandato_fw-la by_o deed_n concomitate_v the_o crime_n as_o by_o help_n or_o by_o countenance_v open_a &_o assistentia_fw-la or_o by_o deed_n subsequent_a to_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o by_o ratihabit_v or_o recept_v all_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v separat_o iii_o how_o far_o the_o advise_v and_o counsel_v a_o man_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o accession_n and_o art_n and_o part_n of_o that_o crime_n be_v thus_o resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n if_o say_v they_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o however_o and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o be_v advise_v thereto_o than_o the_o adviser_n be_v not_o liable_a so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o same_o punishment_n with_o the_o committer_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v whereas_o if_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v not_o have_v commit_v and_o perpetrate_v the_o crime_n if_o he_o have_v not_o receive_v that_o advice_n than_o the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o to_o be_v punish_v clar._n quest_n 89._o but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o opinion_n for_o since_o the_o adviser_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o have_v the_o crime_n commit_v and_o that_o the_o effect_n follow_v he_o be_v sure_o as_o guilty_a as_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v it_o see_v in_o crime_n we_o look_v to_o the_o design_n and_o not_o to_o the_o event_n in_o maleficiis_fw-la spectatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la non_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o maleficia_fw-la propositum_fw-la distingut_n at_o least_o the_o adviser_n be_v equal_o guilty_a whether_o it_o have_v be_v commit_v with_o or_o without_o his_o advice_n even_o as_o he_o have_v be_v guilty_a in_o case_n of_o assistance_n though_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v be_v commit_v without_o his_o assistance_n nor_o be_v guilt_n spare_v by_o lessen_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v whether_o the_o committer_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o without_o the_o advice_n and_o counsel_n give_v other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o atrocious_a crime_n the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o punishable_a which_o certain_o hold_v in_o treason_n but_o that_o in_o lesser_a crime_n the_o adviser_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v then_o the_o actor_n and_o this_o distinction_n i_o like_v better_o and_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o our_o practic_n in_o our_o law_n advice_n and_o counsel_n come_v under_o art_n for_o advice_n be_v a_o species_n of_o contrivance_n and_o art_n and_o
cause_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n and_o of_o old_a if_o a_o person_n accuse_v for_o treason_n do_v absent_v himself_o the_o criminal_a court_n not_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n can_v proceed_v to_o take_v trial_n by_o probation_n against_o he_o and_o so_o all_o they_o can_v do_v be_v only_o to_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n for_o his_o absence_n upon_o which_o denounciation_n his_o escheat_n do_v only_o fall_v but_o he_o can_v not_o be_v forefeit_v and_o therefore_o since_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o he_o shall_v by_o his_o own_o absence_n procure_v to_o himself_o a_o impunity_n and_o exemption_n from_o forfeiture_n the_o parliament_n do_v by_o their_o supreme_a power_n cite_v the_o person_n guilty_a to_o appear_v before_o they_o and_o do_v lead_v probation_n in_o absence_n against_o he_o and_o forfeit_v he_o in_o absence_n though_o guilty_a but_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a that_o parliament_n behoove_v either_o to_o be_v call_v or_o such_o delinquent_n pass_v unpunished_a therefore_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n 2._o parl._n ch._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o try_v crime_n by_o probation_n even_o when_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v absent_a in_o case_n of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n and_o open_a and_o manifest_a rebellion_n against_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n and_o their_o authority_n so_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v yet_o only_a judge_n to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n by_o probation_n against_o absent_v except_o only_a perduellion_n oâ—_n open_a and_o manifest_a treason_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v have_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v probation_n against_o absent_v in_o this_o which_o be_v the_o great_a of_o crime_n and_o not_o in_o crime_n of_o lesser_a importance_n yet_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o just_a detestation_n which_o the_o parliament_n have_v of_o this_o crime_n and_o that_o the_o punishment_n thereof_o may_v not_o be_v delay_v where_o the_o delay_n may_v prove_v so_o dangerous_a ii_o if_o the_o parliament_n forfeit_v any_o person_n after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n their_o sentence_n can_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judge_n act_n 39_o parl._n 11._o k._n i._n 6._o and_o though_o it_o be_v add_v to_o that_o act_n that_o no_o forfeiture_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judicatory_a for_o these_o word_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v seem_v unnecessary_a since_o after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o the_o parliament_n no_o inferior_a judicatory_a can_v quarrel_v a_o decreet_a of_o parliament_n even_o though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o say_v decreet_a be_v not_o lawful_a and_o orderly_a yet_o if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o denounce_v fugitive_n by_o the_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n may_v suspend_v in_o that_o case_n if_o the_o process_n be_v not_o orderly_o lead_v but_o whether_o they_o can_v reduce_v even_o in_o that_o case_n est_fw-la altioris_fw-la indaginis_fw-la and_o some_o think_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o such_o a_o decreet_a shall_v receive_v present_a execution_n where_o possible_o the_o party_n be_v not_o lawful_o cite_v yet_o that_o such_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o parliament_n as_o that_o the_o illegality_n of_o that_o procedure_n before_o they_o though_o not_o object_v before_o sentence_n shall_v remain_v undecided_a till_o the_o next_o session_n of_o parliament_n iii_o if_o the_o parliament_n shall_v remit_v any_o such_o process_n for_o crime_n to_o any_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o be_v decide_v final_o before_o they_o it_o have_v be_v doubt_v whether_o their_o decision_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o session_n and_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n reach_v only_o to_o decision_n in_o parliament_n but_o yet_o since_o decreet_n pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n be_v repute_v with_o we_o decreet_n of_o parliament_n and_o since_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n for_o valuation_n of_o teind_n be_v not_o reduceable_a because_o these_o decreet_n be_v repute_v decreet_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n it_o seem_v that_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n in_o crime_n after_o probation_n can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v and_o reduce_v by_o the_o session_n or_o other_o inferior_a judicatories_n title_n iu._n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high-constable_n in_o crminals_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n constable_n and_o his_o power_n 2._o the_o office_n of_o petty_a constable_n 3._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o those_o who_o be_v constable_n of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n i._o some_o describe_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o word_n coning_n which_o signify_v a_o king_n and_o staple_n which_o signify_v a_o stay_n or_o hold_v in_o the_o saxon_a language_n because_o constabulary_n be_v only_o erect_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o king_n keep_v house_n and_o thus_o the_o constable_n be_v judge_v of_o old_a to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o twelve_o league_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o habitation_n l._n malcol_n c._n 6._o though_o skeen_n there_o observe_v that_o the_o best_a manuscript_n bear_v only_o two_o league_n or_o four_o scot_n miles_n our_o craig_n and_o other_o author_n derive_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o comes_fw-la stabuli_fw-la under_o the_o roman_a empire_n nam_fw-la constabularius_fw-la say_v he_o nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la praefectus_fw-la aequitum_fw-la since_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o bruce_n this_o office_n of_o high-constable_n stand_v heretable_o in_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o errol_n and_o their_o be_v some_o debate_n concern_v his_o jurisdiction_n francis_n earl_n of_o errol_n obtain_v commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o 23._o of_o jun_n 1630._o seal_v penult_n march_v 1631._o to_o the_o person_n therein_o specify_v or_o any_o nine_o of_o they_o impower_v they_o to_o search_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n consuetude_n monument_n and_o register_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o evident_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n or_o the_o lord_n hay_o his_o son_n shall_v produce_v concern_v their_o honour_n hostilogy_n privilege_n and_o immmunity_n belong_v or_o which_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o constabulary_a from_o the_o first_o institution_n thereof_o this_o commission_n i_o have_v see_v with_o the_o report_n thereof_o date_v the_o 27_o of_o july_n 1631._o bearing_n the_o commissioner_n to_o have_v meet_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n and_o his_o say_a son_n and_o to_o have_v consider_v their_o instruction_n warrant_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n anent_o the_o constable_n privilege_n and_o in_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o report_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n only_o here_o treat_v of_o they_o set_v down_o these_o word_n the_o constable_n be_v supreme_a in_o all_o matter_n of_o riot_n disorder_n blood_n and_o slaughter_v commit_v within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o council_n represent_v the_o royal_a authority_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o that_o alse_a well_o within_o the_o court_n as_o outwith_o the_o same_o and_o the_o trial_n and_o punishment_n of_o such_o crime_n and_o offence_n be_v proper_a and_o due_a to_o the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n and_o the_o provost_n and_o baily_n of_o that_o centre_n or_o burgh_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n within_o the_o bound_n where_o the_o say_v fact_n be_v commit_v be_v obliedge_v to_o ride_v concur_v fortify_v and_o assist_v the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n in_o take_v the_o say_n malefactor_n and_o to_o make_v their_o tolbooth_n patent_n for_o receive_v they_o therein_o as_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o production_n of_o warrant_n grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n predecessor_n to_o that_o effect_n and_o which_o likewise_o appear_v by_o the_o exhibition_n of_o certain_a bond_n make_v by_o the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o the_o constable_n for_o the_o time_n concern_v that_o purpose_n the_o king_n have_v see_v this_o report_n do_v approve_v it_o in_o a_o letter_n direct_v to_o his_o secret_a council_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o court_n at_o theobal_n the_o 11._o of_o may_v 1633._o registrat_n in_o the_o book_n of_o secret_a council_n the_o 15._o day_n of_o that_o month_n and_o in_o the_o commission_n report_n and_o letter_n foresay_a the_o constable_n be_v design_v high-constable_n and_o his_o office_n the_o high-office_n of_o constabulary_a the_o constable_n be_v still_o in_o use_n since_o that_o time_n to_o judge_v riot_n within_o the_o bound_n foresaid_n and_o to_o interrupt_v the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n when_o he_o know_v of_o their_o meddle_v provide_v the_o riot_n be_v commit_v in_o time_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n hold_v at_o edinburgh_n anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o 1641._o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n be_v find_v
mark_n though_o she_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o nottour_n adultery_n which_o be_v death_n by_o our_o law_n sometime_o they_o ordain_v no_o sentence_n to_o follow_v upon_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o purdy_n who_o be_v condemn_v for_o usury_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v take_v anualrent_a a_o month_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n upon_o his_o debtor_n voluntar_n offer_v and_o sometime_o they_o ordain_v some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o revise_v the_o process_n and_o verdict_n which_o assessor_n do_v ranverse_v the_o whole_a process_n and_o ordain_v it_o to_o be_v tear_v out_o of_o the_o criminal_a register_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n grahame_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o assize_n have_v find_v he_o guilty_a of_o recept_n and_o so_o the_o verdict_n be_v find_v disconform_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a process_n be_v null_a yet_o when_o mr._n william_n somervel_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o murder_n upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o one_o witness_n the_o council_n refuse_v to_o review_v the_o verdict_n as_o unwarrantable_a for_o they_o find_v that_o they_o can_v not_o quarrel_v a_o assize_n which_o condemn_v see_v assizer_n can_v only_o be_v quarrel_v for_o error_n when_o they_o assoilzie_a and_o when_o his_o advocate_n cite_v to_o they_o the_o 47._o act._n par._n 6._o k._n ja._n the_o 3._o whereby_o it_o be_v order_v that_o where_o a_o party_n find_v himself_o grieve_v by_o a_o assize_n by_o partial_a malice_n or_o ignorance_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o he_o to_o cite_v they_o before_o the_o council_n and_o if_o the_o error_n be_v prove_v the_o party_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o condition_n he_o be_v in_o before_o the_o sentence_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o act_n speak_v only_o of_o civil_a case_n and_o that_o by_o the_o council_n here_o be_v mean_v the_o session_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v the_o rubric_n and_o act_n be_v general_a and_o treat_v of_o all_o person_n wrong_v &_o qui_fw-la totum_fw-la dicit_fw-la nihil_fw-la excipit_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v comprehensive_a of_o both_o from_o all_o this_o some_o do_v conclude_v that_o if_o the_o justice_n err_v in_o judge_v the_o relevancy_n or_o if_o the_o assize_n find_v that_o prove_v which_o be_v not_o remit_v to_o they_o that_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n the_o council_n may_v review_v the_o sentence_n but_o that_o they_o can_v quarrel_v the_o sentence_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o verdict_n be_v not_o sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o probation_n sometime_o also_o the_o justice_n be_v conclude_v by_o the_o decreet_a of_o the_o secret_a council_n which_o be_v repeat_v to_o the_o assize_n as_o full_a probation_n so_o that_o the_o justice_n have_v only_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n remit_v to_o they_o thus_o fleeming_n be_v convict_v before_o the_o council_n of_o have_v utter_v most_o disdainful_a speech_n against_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v examplar_o punish_v and_o upon_o production_n of_o their_o decreet_a which_o decreet_a be_v still_o express_v in_o the_o dittay_n he_o be_v hang_v 17._o may_v 1615._o vii_o if_o the_o law_n can_v receive_v full_a execution_n and_o obedience_n via_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la by_o the_o criminal_a sentence_n than_o the_o council_n upon_o production_n of_o letter_n of_o horning_n follow_v upon_o any_o criminal_a sentence_n and_o due_o execute_v and_o registrat_n use_v to_o grant_v letter_n of_o intercomune_v whereby_o all_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n be_v prohibit_v to_o intercomune_v with_o any_o of_o the_o rebel_n so_o denounce_v which_o letter_n must_v be_v publish_v at_o all_o the_o mercat-cross_n of_o the_o shyr_n and_o jurisdiction_n within_o which_o such_o person_n reside_v who_o intercomune_v be_v suspect_v and_o registrat_n there_o and_o if_o need_v be_v the_o council_n will_v likewise_o grant_v a_o commission_n for_o fire_n and_o sword_n to_o such_o person_n as_o they_o will_v name_v against_o the_o person_n who_o be_v disobedient_a in_o the_o criminal_a letter_n as_o say_v be_v and_o ordinary_o this_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v give_v to_o the_o person_n interest_v which_o occasion_n many_o great_a abuse_n and_o these_o commission_n be_v sometime_o grant_v against_o party_n who_o be_v never_o cite_v but_o upon_o a_o naked_a complaint_n exhibit_v to_o the_o council_n which_o be_v most_o irregular_a the_o council_n do_v sometime_o grant_v commission_n to_o bring_v in_o party_n dead_a or_o alive_a and_o that_o upon_o naked_a petition_n without_o any_o previous_a trial_n as_o they_o do_v against_o the_o laird_n of_o dinbaith_n upon_o a_o petition_n wherein_o it_o be_v represent_v that_o he_o have_v run_v away_o with_o the_o public_a money_n deliver_v to_o he_o by_o the_o shire_n for_o pay_v their_o cease_v and_o excise_n but_o this_o seem_v hard_a and_o it_o be_v to_o execute_v a_o free_a subject_a before_o he_o be_v hear_v or_o sentence_n pronounce_v against_o he_o for_o these_o private_a petition_n may_v be_v most_o unwarrantable_o found_v viii_o if_o any_o person_n keep_v out_o his_o house_n in_o garrison_n against_o his_o majesty_n the_o council_n first_o use_v to_o issue_n out_o letter_n against_o he_o to_o deliver_v up_o his_o house_n under_o pain_n of_o treason_n and_o they_o ordain_v a_o herald_n to_o go_v and_o summon_v he_o for_o that_o effect_n and_o if_o he_o refuse_v they_o ordain_v he_o to_o be_v process_v before_o the_o justice-general_a and_o do_v immediate_o before_o any_o criminal_a sentence_n grant_v a_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n against_o he_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o burgie_n june_n 1668._o they_o use_v likewise_o of_o old_a to_o ordain_v nobleman_n and_o other_o who_o can_v not_o be_v apprehend_v by_o caption_n for_o civil_a debt_n to_o deliver_v up_o their_o person_n in_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n which_o though_o it_o be_v now_o indesuetude_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a and_o of_o excellent_a use_n see_v it_o be_v most_o absurd_a that_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n shall_v contemn_v his_o law_n and_o that_o such_o poor_a person_n as_o pay_v his_o majesty_n tax_n and_o imposition_n and_o who_o be_v obliedge_v to_o venture_v their_o life_n for_o he_o shall_v not_o likewise_o have_v the_o assistance_n as_o well_o as_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o law_n so_o that_o when_o the_o ordinary_a remedy_n of_o caption_n comprise_v and_o other_o fail_v these_o and_o other_o extraordinary_a remedy_n shall_v be_v allow_v until_o his_o majesty_n law_n be_v obey_v and_o the_o party_n so_o injure_v be_v full_o and_o final_o repair_v title_n vii_o of_o the_o exchequer_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n the_o exchequer_n be_v only_o his_o majesty_n chamberlain_n and_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o fine_a and_o confiscate_v such_o as_o transgress_v pecunial_a statute_n or_o wrong_v his_o majesty_n rent_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o do_v in_o effect_n judge_v crime_n for_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o abstract_n custom_n or_o cheat_v the_o public_a and_o without_o this_o jurisdiction_n they_o can_v not_o manage_v his_o majesty_n rent_n so_o that_o this_o be_v jurisdictio_fw-la emanate_n found_v upon_o that_o rule_n quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concessa_fw-la videntur_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la explicari_fw-la nequit_fw-la but_o be_v seem_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la they_o shall_v not_o even_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la cognosce_fw-la for_o by_o the_o 89._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o such_o as_o commit_v fraud_n in_o transport_v forbid_a good_n shall_v be_v punish_v at_o justice_n air_n at_o least_o the_o justice_n also_o have_v power_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o july_n 1668._o the_o exchequre_n do_v fine_a a_o very_a intilligent_a person_n for_o fill_v up_o a_o blank_a signature_n subscribe_v by_o the_o king_n and_o ordain_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o by_o the_o exchequer_n which_o some_o think_v irregular_a for_o either_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o crime_n &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o shall_v have_v be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v none_o he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v fine_v and_o albeit_o the_o exchequer_n or_o any_o other_o court_n may_v fine_a or_o imprison_v such_o as_o injure_v their_o jurisdiction_n or_o may_v ordain_v damage_n and_o interest_n to_o be_v repay_v to_o the_o party_n injure_v in_o any_o thing_n before_o their_o court_n yet_o no_o person_n have_v here_o be_v prejudge_v and_o the_o injury_n have_v go_v no_o far_o then_o à _fw-la simplex_fw-la conatus_fw-la there_o can_v be_v no_o damnage_n and_o interest_n incur_v but_o it_o seem_v the_o exchequer_n be_v still_o judge_n in_o criminibus_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la &_o de_fw-la residuis_fw-la the_o
commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n do_v in_o june_n 1669._o ordain_v two_o skipper_n in_o bruntistand_n to_o be_v scourge_v at_o that_o mercat_n cross_n because_o when_o a_o customer_n come_v to_o enter_v a_o boat_n wherein_o unfree_a good_n be_v be_v allege_v to_o be_v they_o do_v put_v off_o the_o boat_n from_o the_o rock_n where_o it_o lay_v whereby_o the_o customer_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v almost_o drown_v title_n viii_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o crimnial_n 1._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o pass_v bill_n for_o criminal_a letter_n 2._o they_o advocate_n cause_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n 3._o they_o be_v judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la 4._o they_o have_v make_v statute_n for_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_n 5._o whether_o they_o can_v review_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 6._o they_o suspend_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 7._o they_o be_v judge_n to_o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o process_n before_o the_o session_n 8._o they_o grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n i._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v regular_o no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o pass_v the_o bill_n whereupon_o all_o criminal_a summons_n be_v raise_v for_o all_o summons_n in_o criminal_o must_v have_v a_o bill_n which_o must_v pass_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n and_o for_o which_o he_o get_v ten_o mark_n and_o his_o servant_n one_o thereafter_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o ordinar_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o as_o a_o common_a bill_n the_o reason_n why_o their_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o lord_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o justice-deputs_a be_v not_o ordinar_n residenter_n in_o town_n their_o salary_n not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o defray_v that_o charge_n or_o else_o because_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o bâ—lls_n be_v a_o member_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n yet_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o grievance_n give_v in_o by_o the_o justice_n to_o the_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1662._o and_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o employment_n it_o be_v to_o understand_v criminal_a case_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o pass_n of_o these_o bill_n and_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n refuse_v to_o pass_v these_o bill_n whereby_o the_o liedge_n be_v prejudge_v and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v not_o know_v what_o they_o be_v to_o judge_v especial_o this_o warrant_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o so_o fall_v natural_o under_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o who_o be_v judge_n to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o justice_n will_v pass_v their_o own_o bill_n it_o will_v sustain_v but_o now_o the_o justice_n use_v ordinary_o to_o pass_v their_o own_o bill_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o of_o the_o session_n but_o still_o other_o lord_n who_o be_v not_o justice_n may_v pass_v such_o bill_n but_o albeit_o these_o lores_n can_v judge_v crime_n yet_o they_o may_v and_o do_v punish_v injury_n commit_v against_o any_o of_o their_o own_o member_n by_o fine_v or_o confine_v ii_o they_o likewise_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n to_o the_o justice_n thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o mackintosh_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o inverness_n for_o theft-boot_n they_o advocate_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o justice_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o cognition_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o consequence_n be_v ill_o infert_v for_o the_o council_n do_v advocate_n and_o can_v not_o cognosce_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v advocate_n breius_fw-la for_o serve_v air_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n themselves_o for_o both_o in_o this_o and_o that_o case_n a_o inquest_n be_v necessary_a iii_o they_o be_v likewise_o judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la and_o their_o sentence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o assize_n to_o condemn_v without_o repeat_v the_o probation_n and_o when_o the_o inquest_n refuse_v to_o condemn_v upon_o that_o warrant_n they_o be_v of_o new_a enclose_v as_o be_v do_v in_o binny_v case_n and_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n if_o they_o assioilzie_a and_o their_o decreet_a bear_v the_o lord_n remit_v he_o to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la falsarius_fw-la and_o to_o under_o the_o law_n criminal_o and_o ordain_v that_o ordinance_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o their_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o that_o order_n be_v in_o the_o justice_n court_n call_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la the_o 2._o of_o july_n 1662._o albeit_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o require_v that_o all_o probation_n in_o criminal_o shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n yet_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v only_a probation_n here_o and_o that_o be_v read_v in_o face_n of_o the_o assize_n the_o lord_n likewise_o determine_v the_o punishment_n in_o falsehood_n and_o remit_v in_o their_o decreet_a the_o party_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v only_o banish_v or_o scourge_v or_o have_v his_o tongue_n bore_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o guilt_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o gentleman_n who_o i_o will_v not_o name_n in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o only_a imprison_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o forge_v of_o a_o false_a bond_n of_o suspension_n because_o he_o be_v ingenuous_a and_o in_o necessity_n and_o albeit_o this_o may_v seem_v irregular_a yet_o see_v the_o lord_n be_v only_o privy_a to_o the_o deposition_n it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v have_v this_o allowance_n i_o find_v it_o one_o of_o the_o rule_v set_v down_o by_o the_o doctor_n that_o ubi_fw-la cunque_fw-la iudex_fw-la principaliter_fw-la cognoscendo_fw-la reperit_fw-la incidenter_fw-la crimen_fw-la esse_fw-la comissum_fw-la potest_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la illo_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la c._n si_fw-la adversus_fw-la libre_fw-la l._n pen._n and_o the_o example_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v instance_a in_o charta_fw-la falsa_fw-la l._n pen._n c._n de_fw-fr probat_fw-la and_o upon_o improve_n a_o instrument_n or_o write_v they_o have_v ordain_v omnes_fw-la testes_fw-la instrumentarios_fw-la &_o falsi_fw-la fabricatores_fw-la to_o be_v fall_v sariâ—s_n and_o remit_v they_o to_o the_o justice_n the_o 16._o of_o february_n 1660._o fern_n inn_n and_o tarbat_n hang_v but_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o they_o have_v in_o any_o other_o case_n cognosce_v upon_o crime_n incidenter_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a rule_n will_v give_v they_o a_o incident_a jurisdiction_n in_o all_o case_n iv._o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v make_v statute_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o justice_n court_n for_o upon_o the_o 1._o of_o june_n 1593._o they_o declare_v that_o all_o land_a man_n shall_v be_v esteem_v pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o may_v sit_v upon_o nobleman_n assize_n be_v pursue_v tanquaritemerè_fw-la jurantes_fw-la sup_n assisa_fw-la and_o the_o council_n use_v to_o consult_v they_o in_o intricat_a case_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1667._o they_o be_v consult_v whether_o the_o west_n country_n rebel_n may_v be_v forefault_v in_o their_o absence_n v._o but_o whether_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o reduce_v or_o review_v what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n in_o any_o case_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v but_o i_o have_v see_v a_o reduction_n of_o a_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n pronounce_v against_o mr._n william_n somervel_v whereby_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o usury_n the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n be_v that_o the_o inquest_n have_v err_v in_o calculo_fw-la and_o it_o be_v contend_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v competent_a judge_n to_o review_v error_n in_o calculo_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o a_o civil_a medium_fw-la and_o where_o no_o criminal_a conclusion_n be_v crave_v nor_o can_v follow_v they_o be_v judge_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reduction_n of_o retour_n where_o the_o verdict_n may_v be_v reduce_v as_o past_a upon_o ignorance_n it_o be_v also_o urge_v that_o see_v the_o lord_n make_v statute_n to_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_v and_o past_o their_o bill_n they_o may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o palpable_a error_n commit_v ignorant_o by_o assize_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o the_o liedge_n shall_v not_o be_v repon_v against_o error_n of_o such_o ignorant_a person_n as_o assizer_n ordinary_o be_v vi_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v suspend_v the_o execution_n likewise_o of_o all_o sentence_n in_o the_o justice_n court_v but_o these_o suspention_n when_o once_o raise_v be_v discuss_v before_o the_o justice_n they_o likewise_o sometime_o discuss_v these_o suspention_n before_o the_o session_n
and_o thus_o a_o assithment_n modify_v by_o the_o justice_n be_v exorbitant_a the_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n do_v lessen_v the_o sum_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v because_o they_o find_v this_o case_n to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v corporal_a punishment_n the_o 16._o of_o december_n 1664._o inn_n contra_fw-la forbes_n vii_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1555._o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_n to_o the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o criminal_a process_n which_o dependence_n be_v declare_v to_o continue_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n till_o the_o complete_a execution_n of_o the_o decreet_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi commit_v the_o say_a crime_n shall_v for_o ever_o loss_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a be_v to_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o plea._n the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n be_v convict_v before_o any_o competent_a judge_n in_o criminal_o without_o any_o probation_n except_o summar_v cognition_n to_o be_v take_v by_o conviction_n or_o put_v the_o committer_n to_o the_o horn_n and_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n by_o this_o act_n the_o committer_n loss_n his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o after_o denounciation_n without_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o give_v of_o counsel_n be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o this_o crime_n this_o act_n be_v to_o continue_v only_o for_o three_o year_n and_o be_v prorogat_n for_o seven_o year_n by_o the_o 138._o act_n parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o and_o be_v thereafter_o make_v perpertual_a by_o the_o 219._o act_n 14._o parl._n ja._n 6._o i_o have_v oft_o see_v process_n intent_a upon_o this_o act_n before_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a albeit_o not_o observe_v that_o cognition_n be_v first_o take_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o other_o criminal_a and_o competent_a judge_n yet_o without_o this_o process_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o prima_fw-la instantià _fw-la but_o this_o defence_n be_v not_o there_o allege_v and_o process_n be_v sustain_v albeit_o no_o effusion_n of_o blood_n follow_v the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1662._o harper_n against_o hamiltoun_n where_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v summary_o receive_v probation_n of_o it_o themselves_o or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o justice_n for_o which_o doubt_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o great_a ground_n because_o by_o the_o act_n foresay_a the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o sleiche_n case_n 1673._o it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a the_o earl_n of_o niddisdale_n pursue_v the_o tenant_n of_o duncow_n february_n 1672._o they_o allege_v absolvitur_fw-la because_o the_o earl_n have_v beat_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v send_v to_o execute_v a_o summons_n at_o their_o instance_n against_o he_o at_o least_o he_o have_v give_v order_n to_o beat_v they_o or_o ratihabit_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o the_o beat_v some_o of_o they_o can_v only_o find_v a_o exception_n to_o such_o as_o be_v beat_v and_o this_o the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a though_o the_o summons_n execute_v be_v for_o a_o common_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n those_o who_o be_v beat_v represent_v all_o the_o pursuer_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o order_n to_o beat_v they_o be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la for_o though_o a_o crime_n ordinary_o in_o a_o criminal_a court_n be_v probable_a pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la yet_o here_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la effectum_fw-la it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o prove_v for_o else_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a and_o ancient_a heritage_n may_v ofttimes_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n since_o process_n depend_v may_v extend_v to_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a estate_n 3._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o ratihabition_n or_o any_o deed_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la do_v not_o infer_v the_o contravention_n of_o this_o act_n which_o require_v explicit_a deed_n as_o beat_v bleed_a etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n before_o answer_v to_o these_o two_o last_o alledgiance_n ordain_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v before_o answer_v for_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o violence_n commit_v against_o they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o the_o one_o party_n beat_v the_o other_o be_v force_v thereto_o by_o self-defence_n the_o striker_n will_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v find_v the_o last_o of_o january_n 1673._o john_n sliech_n against_o swintoun_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o certification_n of_o this_o act_n do_v reach_v such_o as_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o pursuit_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o respect_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n and_o that_o the_o act_n shall_v only_o reach_v such_o as_o pursue_v action_n before_o they_o for_o to_o lose_v the_o whole_a pley_n be_v too_o great_a a_o punishment_n for_o a_o incident_a riot_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o one_o weir_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o slaughter_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n 1591._o he_o allege_v he_o be_v absolve_v by_o a_o rolment_n of_o court_n at_o aberdene_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o further_a trial_n which_o reply_n found_v upon_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a rescript_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o past_a council_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o king_n private_a warrant_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a though_o i_o think_v it_o irregular_a that_o ludwharn_n have_v raise_v in_o anno_fw-la 1596._o a_o pursuit_n against_o momat_n and_o other_o for_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n without_o a_o lawful_a warrant_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o lord_n complain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n as_o leiutennent_n of_o the_o north_n intend_v to_o repledge_a whereas_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o cumulative_a with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o letter_n from_o his_o majesty_n ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v wherefore_o he_o crave_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v be_v command_v to_o proceed_v which_o petition_n be_v grant_v viii_o albeit_o regulariter_fw-la the_o parliament_n or_o council_n grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o appear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v panel_v before_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o warrant_n in_o balmerinochs_n case_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o he_o and_o see_v advocat_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o application_n be_v make_v to_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o find_v that_o when_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v appoint_v assessor_n in_o criminal_a case_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o warrant_v also_o from_o the_o lord_n for_o sit_v there_o as_o in_o tosh_n case_n 1637._o title_n ix_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n extend_v to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o flood-mark_a 2._o our_o admiral_n have_v execute_v pirate_n 3._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o apprehend_v pirate_n to_o execute_v they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o ocean_n or_o when_o judge_n refuse_v 4._o any_o nation_n may_v judge_v pirate_n 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o admiral_n 1._o the_o lord_n high_a aâ—miral_n and_o his_o depute_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o unprint_v statute_n with_o we_o the_o admiral_n be_v competent_a in_o all_o controversy_n action_n and_o quarrel_n concern_v crime_n fault_n and_o trespass_n upon_o sea_n or_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o flow_v or_o ebb_n vid._n ship-law_n correct_v by_o balfour_n do_fw-mi admiral_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 2._o our_o learned_a countryman_n king_n in_o his_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v say_v admirans_fw-la habet_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la potest_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la exequi_fw-la imperare_fw-la judices_fw-la dane_n coercere_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la in_o facineroso_n animadvertere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la contraversiis_fw-la marinis_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la
potest_fw-la amirans_fw-la marinas_fw-la intelligo_fw-la quae_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la causa_fw-la ineuntur_fw-la sive_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr celebrantur_fw-la delicta_fw-la tamen_fw-la ex_fw-la necessitate_v intra_fw-la mar_v be_v fluxum_fw-la perpetrari_fw-la debent_fw-la in_o scotland_n the_o dean_n of_o gilled_a be_v as_o walwood_n observe_v tit_n 23._o ordinary_a judge_n of_o old_a betwixt_o mariner_n and_o merchand_n likeas_n the_o waterbailiff_n betwixt_o mariner_n and_o mariner_n and_o the_o justice-general_a be_v judge_n in_o criminal_n but_o now_o no_o judge_n may_v meddle_v say_v he_o with_o the_o admiral_n cause_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o assistance_n and_o that_o by_o commission_n in_o difficult_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v in_o that_o action_n antoni_fw-la de_fw-fr latour_n against_o christian_a marteis_fw-la 6._o of_o november_n 1642._o ii_o in_o october_n 1635._o bernard_n gilermo_n and_o some_o spanish_a dutch_a and_o french_a pirate_n be_v apprehend_v mr._n james_n robertson_n then_o admiral-deput_a crave_v that_o the_o council_n will_v name_v assessor_n to_o he_o in_o the_o trial_n of_o these_o foreigner_n and_o they_o be_v name_v a_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n for_o the_o register_n of_o the_o admiralty_n give_v it_o that_o title_n be_v keep_v at_o irwine_n and_o these_o pirate_n indict_v and_o hang_v for_o piracy_n commit_v by_o they_o upon_o french_a spanish_a and_o dutch_a merchand_n the_o party_n injure_v be_v receive_v witness_n else_o these_o crim_n at_o sea_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v this_o trial_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n as_o before_o the_o justice_n iii_o by_o the_o martim_fw-la law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n who_o take_v a_o pirate_n in_o the_o ocean_n to_o hang_v he_o at_o the_o main-yard_n because_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o ocean_n be_v within_o no_o man_n jurisdiction_n &_o so_o every_o man_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a liberty_n but_o this_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a for_o thus_o man_n may_v execute_v their_o revenge_n in_o place_n of_o justice_n and_o may_v make_v innocent_a man_n pirate_n for_o their_o private_a advantage_n and_o judicatur_n be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v such_o injury_n and_o upon_o that_o pretext_n man_n may_v as_o well_o adjudge_v prize_n take_v upon_o the_o ocean_n but_o yet_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v on_o her_o voyage_n to_o remote_a place_n as_o the_o indies_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n can_v keep_v the_o pirate_n till_o they_o come_v to_o a_o harbour_n they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n execute_v they_o at_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o self-defence_n and_o necessity_n make_v law_n but_o i_o think_v this_o necessity_n must_v be_v prove_v vid._n grot._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr belli_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 20_o §_o 14._o and_o for_o this_o same_o reason_n i_o differ_v from_o that_o author_n who_o assert_n num_fw-la 12._o that_n if_o the_o taker_n bring_v a_o pirate_n to_o a_o port_n and_o the_o judge_n refuse_v or_o delay_n justice_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n must_v lose_v than_o the_o taker_n may_v execute_v justice_n himself_o for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v every_o man_n judge_n not_o only_o of_o the_o pirate_n but_o of_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o application_n be_v make_v and_o a_o private_a person_n may_v as_o well_o pretend_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n delay_v or_o deny_v justice_n against_o such_o as_o we_o pretend_v do_v either_o rob_v or_o affront_v we_o we_o may_v do_v justice_n upon_o they_o ourselves_o contrary_a to_o many_o law_n and_o particular_o to_o l._n nullus_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr judaeis_n the_o same_o learned_a author_n juris_fw-la maritimi_fw-la do_v tell_v we_o cap._n 4._o num_fw-la 14._o that_n if_o a_o spaniard_n rob_v a_o frenchman_n on_o the_o high_a sea_n both_o their_o prince_n be_v in_o amity_n among_o themselves_o and_o with_o england_n and_o that_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o port_n of_o enland_n the_o frenchman_n may_v proceed_v against_o the_o spaniard_n to_o punish_v he_o but_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v intra_fw-la prasidia_fw-la of_o that_o prince_n by_o who_o subject_n the_o same_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o can_v proceed_v criminal_o but_o the_o taker_n must_v resort_v to_o the_o pirate_n own_o country_n or_o where_o he_o carry_v the_o ship_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n a_o pirate_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o any_o nation_n for_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o though_o he_o be_v not_o deprehend_v commit_v a_o crime_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n within_o which_o he_o be_v deprehend_v and_o so_o seem_v not_o liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n nec_fw-la ratione_fw-la loci_fw-la delicti_fw-la nec_fw-la originis_fw-la nec_fw-la domicilii_fw-la yet_o he_o who_o be_v of_o no_o nation_n be_v of_o all_o nation_n as_o vagabond_n be_v and_o he_o who_o be_v a_o equal_a enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n commit_v a_o crime_n against_o every_o nation_n iv._o though_o the_o admiral_n criminal_a jurisdiction_n extend_v no_o further_a than_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o within_o flood-mark_a yet_o he_o be_v some_o time_n judge_v ratione_fw-la contingentiae_fw-la &_o ob_fw-la continentiam_fw-la causae_fw-la as_o if_o a_o man_n rescue_v a_o pirate_n out_o of_o prison_n though_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v without_o flood-mark_a yet_o the_o admiral_n be_v judge_n because_o it_o have_v dependence_n upon_o and_o arise_v from_o the_o principal_a crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v judge_n and_o if_o the_o admiral_n begin_v to_o present_a pirate_n or_o malefactor_n at_o sea_n he_o may_v continue_v his_o pursuit_n and_o apprehend_v they_o at_o land_n and_o without_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o he_o must_v in_o that_o case_n seek_v concurrence_n from_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n locen_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o v._o though_o the_o admiral_n have_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n yet_o some_o allege_v that_o he_o have_v not_o this_o proper_o as_o admiral_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o justiciary_a contain_v in_o his_o gift_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o admiral_n proceed_v to_o thy_o crime_n the_o court_n be_v not_o call_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n simple_o as_o in_o other_o case_n but_o the_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n it_o be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o admiral_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o judge_a crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o if_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o they_o and_o may_v preveen_v and_o that_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n be_v clear_a for_o i_o find_v that_o in_o anno_fw-la 1613._o the_o justice_n do_v hang_v one_o john_n davidson_n and_o john_n allows_v english_a pirate_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1610._o they_o hang_v peter_n love_n john_n cock_n and_o other_o likewise_o english_a pirate_n which_o last_o be_v hang_v upon_o their_o own_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o all_o of_o they_o be_v hang_v within_o flood-mark_a i_o have_v likewise_o see_v the_o justice_n advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n court_n but_o whether_o the_o admiral_n sentence_n in_o criminal_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o criminal_a court_n as_o their_o sentence_n in_o civil_n can_v be_v reduce_v before_o the_o session_n i_o will_v not_o determine_v title_n x._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o commissar_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o churchman_n 2._o our_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n 3._o how_o far_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o improbation_n i._o churchman_n be_v discharge_v to_o sit_v judge_n in_o crime_n and_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o bloodless_a jurisdiction_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o law_n give_v they_o audientiam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la do_fw-mi c._n the_o episcop_n audient_fw-la with_o we_o these_o bishop_n abstain_v from_o vot_v in_o criminal_a process_n bring_v in_o to_o the_o parliament_n though_o there_o they_o sit_v as_o heritor_n rather_o than_o as_o mere_a churchman_n and_o so_o may_v pretend_v to_o a_o voice_n upon_o that_o account_n ii_o the_o commissar_n be_v the_o bishop_n official_o and_o so_o have_v least_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o all_o other_o court_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n which_o be_v by_o the_o law_n account_v crime_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n be_v because_o that_o court_n as_o be_v a_o ecclesiastic_a court_n &_o curia_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la consider_v these_o verbal_a injury_n as_o scandal_n and_o so_o they_o be_v allow_v not_o only_o to_o punish_v the_o same_o with_o pecuniary_a mulct_n but_o with_o church_n censure_n such_o as_o to_o make_v the_o offender_n stand_v at_o the_o church_n door_n to_o expiate_v a_o slander_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o
inflict_v of_o such_o punishment_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o kirk_n session_n the_o 15._o of_o february_n 1669._o but_o though_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n where_o they_o be_v scandal_n yet_o in_o verbal_a injury_n do_v to_o person_n of_o quality_n which_o be_v call_v in_o law_n scandala_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o council_n sustain_v itself_o judge_v competent_a the_o king_n be_v as_o the_o author_n so_o the_o protector_n of_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o peerage_n and_o in_o verbal_a injury_n likewise_o do_v to_o magistrate_n the_o council_n be_v also_o judge_n magistrate_n represent_v the_o king_n and_o be_v his_o instrument_n in_o the_o government_n when_o verbal_a injury_n be_v do_v by_o member_n of_o a_o court_n to_o one_o another_o that_o court_n be_v likewise_o judge_v competent_a all_o court_n how_o inferior_a soever_o have_v a_o innat_fw-la power_n to_o chastise_v its_o own_o member_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o esteem_n due_a to_o itself_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o stranger_n who_o have_v a_o process_n depend_v before_o any_o other_o court_n as_o the_o session_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n do_v abuse_v contumelious_o any_o three_o party_n though_o no_o member_n yet_o these_o respective_a court_n may_v punish_v the_o same_o if_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v in_o face_n of_o judgement_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v to_o any_o inferior_a judge_n extrajudicial_o that_o judge_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o his_o office_n he_o may_v likewise_o punish_v the_o same_o except_o the_o offender_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o judge_n extrajudicial_o injure_v must_v complain_v to_o the_o lord_n but_o can_v imprison_v they_o summary_o because_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v these_o member_n may_v be_v abstract_v from_o serve_v the_o liedge_n as_o a_o advocate_n when_o he_o be_v to_o plead_v a_o cause_n or_o a_o clerk_n when_o he_o be_v to_o give_v out_o a_o decreet_a and_o this_o last_o have_v be_v frequent_o so_o decide_v though_o verbal_a injury_n amount_v to_o scandal_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o commissar_n yet_o where_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o of_o scandal_n but_o be_v rather_o reflection_n upon_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v as_o to_o call_v a_o gentleman_n a_o puppy_n or_o a_o ass_n it_o may_v be_v the_o privy_a council_n and_o not_o the_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a the_o commissar_n be_v also_o judge_n competent_a to_o adultery_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v divorce_n vid._n tit_n adulterii_fw-la iii_o how_o far_o the_o commissar_n and_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o improve_n of_o writ_n and_o declare_v they_o false_a have_v be_v various_o decide_v but_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v competent_a to_o try_v the_o falsehood_n of_o writ_n by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n of_o improbation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o presumption_n for_o that_o way_n of_o trial_n be_v in_o effect_n nobilis_fw-la officii_fw-la be_v only_o competent_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n 2._o commissar_n and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o improbation_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a if_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n or_o reply_n for_o then_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n fall_v in_o necessary_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o without_o this_o be_v allow_v to_o these_o inferior_a judge_n they_o can_v proceed_v in_o no_o case_n for_o if_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o upon_o a_o bond_n they_o behove_v to_o sist_z if_o the_o bond_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v false_a or_o to_o stop_v if_o the_o defender_n shall_v offer_v to_o improve_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o action_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a as_o be_v decide_v the_o last_o of_o november_n 1630._o williamson_n contra_fw-la cushney_n 3._o if_o the_o commissar_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n pronounce_v once_o a_o decreet_a he_o can_v thereafter_o reduce_v his_o own_o decreet_a as_o have_v proceed_v upon_o false_a execution_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v give_v by_o his_o own_o officer_n since_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o such_o forgery_n incidenter_n but_o after_o sentence_n they_o be_v functi_fw-la as_o be_v find_v the_o 29._o of_o january_n 1677._o cowan_n contra_fw-la the_o commissar_n of_o glasgows_n phiscal_n and_o according_a to_o these_o conclusion_n the_o late_a instruction_n give_v to_o the_o commissar_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v title_n xi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o regality_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o regality_n 2._o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n 3._o why_o the_o heritor_n of_o a_o regality_n be_v call_v a_o lord_n of_o regality_n 4._o whether_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o heritable_a jurisdiction_n 5._o they_o can_v repledge_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n nor_o from_o justice_n air_n 6._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a regality_n and_o from_o who_o they_o may_v repledge_a 7._o the_o form_n of_o a_o repledgiation_n 8._o regalities_n must_v have_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o to_o what_o that_o burgh_n be_v tie_v 9_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n power_n i._o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n to_o which_o regality_n owe_v their_o origine_fw-la alia_fw-la erant_fw-la regalia_z alia_fw-la erant_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n in_o our_o law_n betwixt_o regalia_z and_o regality_n regalia_z be_v such_o privilege_n as_o immediate_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o do_v not_o original_o belong_v to_o nor_o can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o else_o such_o as_o to_o coin_v money_n to_o open_a mine_n of_o silver_n gold_n etc._n etc._n but_o regality_n be_v fews_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o subject_a they_o have_v as_o large_a a_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o sheriff_n have_v in_o civil_n or_o the_o justice_n in_o criminal_o the_o habilis_fw-la modus_fw-la of_o grant_v which_o right_n be_v by_o signator_n whereupon_o a_o charter_n follow_v which_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n ii_o regality_n be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n cap_n 76._o quon_n attach_v by_o which_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v judge_v the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o regality_n be_v express_o number_v among_o inferior_a court_n act_n 173._o parl._n 13._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o person_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n shall_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n but_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o before_o the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v only_o pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n but_o though_o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judge_n when_o compare_v with_o the_o justice_n or_o commissioner_n of_o justiciary_a yet_o they_o have_v great_a power_n in_o the_o way_n of_o their_o procedor_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proportion_v of_o their_o fine_n than_o sheriff_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n have_v for_o they_o may_v fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o pound_n though_o sheriff_n and_o other_o can_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 30_o of_o january_n 1663._o stewart_n against_o bogle_n and_o general_o they_o have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o the_o same_o allowance_n with_o the_o justice_n except_o when_o a_o express_a law_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o the_o 43._o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o appoint_v that_o no_o regality_n shall_v be_v grant_v without_o deliverance_n of_o parliament_n which_o nullity_n of_o old_a can_v not_o have_v be_v receive_v ope_v exceptionis_fw-la if_o it_o be_v clad_v with_o possession_n have_v 1610._o and_o they_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o revocation_n by_o the_o king_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o grant_v as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o revocation_n 1633._o and_o all_o precede_a iii_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n the_o regality_n be_v grant_v be_v still_o call_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n though_o he_o be_v otherwise_o but_o a_o baron_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v because_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n tria_fw-la erant_fw-la tantum_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la &_o quibus_fw-la inerat_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la regalis_fw-la viz_o ducatus_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la &_o comitatus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o jurisdiction_n by_o our_o law_n but_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n that_o jurisdiction_n be_v grant_v either_o in_o property_n or_o superiority_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v that_o his_o majesty_n palace_n though_o situate_v in_o burgh_n of_o
blame_v who_o do_v not_o either_o preveen_n or_o repledge_a baily_n of_o regality_n may_v likewise_o repledge_a from_o the_o king_n lieutenent_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 19_o of_o august_n 1596._o and_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o annexation_n and_o likewise_o from_o any_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o council_n as_o be_v find_v in_o may_n 1568._o and_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o riot_n and_o blood_n as_o be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n july_n 1617._o though_o these_o cause_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n and_o require_v summar_n and_o unexpensive_a cognition_n seem_v to_o require_v easy_a and_o less_o solemn_a trial_n in_o the_o procedor_fw-la than_o repledgiation_n will_v allow_v and_o yet_o by_o c._n 11._o the_o appell_n i_o find_v that_o licebat_fw-la in_o remimina_fw-la appellare_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o party_n injure_v complain_v since_o they_o may_v have_v make_v their_o application_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n nor_o shall_v their_o error_n prejudge_v his_o jurisdiction_n vii_o the_o manner_n of_o repledgiation_n from_o any_o court_n be_v that_o either_o the_o party_n himself_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o repledge_v or_o some_o other_o have_v a_o procurator_n from_o he_o compear_v and_o produce_v his_o charter_n of_o erection_n from_o the_o production_n of_o the_o seize_v be_v not_o sufficient_a see_v that_o be_v but_o assertio_fw-la notarii_fw-la yet_o sometime_o without_o production_n of_o the_o charter_n repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v because_o it_o be_v notour_n that_o the_o repledger_n have_v a_o regality_n as_o in_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_z case_n 1637._o as_o also_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v upon_o production_n of_o the_o criminal_a register_n bear_v that_o it_o be_v former_o sustain_v to_o the_o same_o person_n may_v 1668._o arducaple_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o highland_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o production_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regality_n retour_fw-fr will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o instruct_v that_o he_o have_v a_o regality_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o shall_v since_o a_o retour_fw-fr be_v a_o sentence_n and_o so_o be_v a_o sufficient_a instruction_n till_o it_o be_v reduce_v he_o who_o offer_v to_o repledge_a must_v find_v caution_n of_o culrach_n to_o do_v justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n upon_o the_o person_n who_o he_o repledge_v and_o if_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o he_o be_v repledged_a do_v not_o justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n he_o tine_v his_o court_n as_o we_o call_v it_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o the_o culrach_n for_o so_o the_o cautioner_n be_v call_v who_o have_v upon_o his_o become_a cautioner_n borrow_v the_o defender_n be_v in_o a_o unlaw_n and_o the_o judge_n from_o who_o he_o be_v borrow_v or_o repledged_a may_v proceed_v to_o do_v justice_n as_o former_o skeen_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n the_o panel_n likewise_o who_o be_v repledged_a must_v find_v caution_n for_o his_o own_o appearance_n before_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n to_o under_o the_o law_n for_o the_o crime_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n the_o 16._o of_o may_v 1599_o patrick_n m_n ckalla_o against_o the_o regality_n of_o lennox_n no_o person_n can_v be_v repledged_a except_o he_o be_v present_a at_o the_o court_n from_o which_o he_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a for_o a_o party_n who_o be_v absent_a can_v find_v caution_n to_o sist_z himself_o before_o the_o court_n to_o which_o he_o be_v repledged_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o armstrong_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o murder_v some_o customer_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a by_o the_o earl_n of_o annandale_n anno_fw-la 1666._o nor_o can_v a_o person_n be_v repledged_a after_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o he_o for_o this_o be_v recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la it_o must_v be_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la propon_v dum_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la integra_fw-la viii_o when_o regality_n be_v erect_v there_o be_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n express_v therein_o and_o though_o that_o burgh_n may_v choose_v baily_n yet_o the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n have_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o those_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n of_o regality_n in_o that_o same_o way_n that_o other_o superior_n retain_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o their_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 24._o of_o january_n 1668._o betwixt_o the_o bailie_n of_o killimure_n and_o the_o burgh_n thereof_o this_o burgh_n be_v oblige_v to_o maintain_v a_o sufficient_a prison_n not_o only_o for_o criminal_n but_o for_o debtor_n by_o the_o 273._o act_n 15._o parl._n ja._n 6._o and_o all_o caption_n bear_v the_o letter_n to_o be_v direct_a to_o baily_n of_o regality_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o by_o that_o act_n these_o burgh_n seem_v only_o to_o be_v oblige_v to_o entertain_v prisoner_n where_o there_o be_v provost_n baily_n and_o common-good_a nota_fw-la that_o these_o word_n of_o that_o act_n by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o stewart_n and_o baily_n of_o regality_n be_v ill_o print_v for_o the_o word_n to_o shall_v be_v or_o the_o lord_n likewise_o decide_v thus_o against_o the_o baily_n of_o regality_n the_o 7._o of_o july_n 1668._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la callender_n in_o this_o burgh_n all_o court_n must_v be_v hold_v yet_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o compear_v at_o any_o other_o place_n within_o the_o regality_n to_o which_o they_o be_v express_o cite_v as_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o case_n the_o 16._o of_o march_n 1622._o or_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v in_o use_n to_o hold_v his_o court_n else_o where_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n without_o interruption_n the_o vassal_n or_o any_o other_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v thereat_o though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o place_n design_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o erection_n as_o had._n observe_v december_n 1624._o and_o if_o the_o party_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a dwell_v within_o the_o regality_n the_o time_n of_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n the_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o be_v accuse_v he_o be_v remove_v without_o the_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 21._o of_o november_n 1632._o in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o weems_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a to_o the_o regality_n of_o methwen_n lord_n of_o regality_n be_v oblige_v to_o hold_v justice-court_n twice_o a_o year_n 3._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o act._n 5._o and_o if_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o cause_v rest_n and_o steal_a good_n be_v restore_v the_o sheriff_n may_v fulfil_v their_o place_n act_n 11._o parl._n 15._o ja._n 2._o and_o when_o erection_n fall_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o may_v be_v justify_v id_fw-la est_fw-la judge_v by_o the_o justice_n act_n 26._o par._n 6._o k._n i._n 6_o but_o this_o act_n can_v only_o take_v place_n till_o a_o stewart_n or_o bailie_n be_v appoint_v for_o regulariter_fw-la the_o king_n own_o stewart_n of_o regality_n may_v repledge_v from_o the_o justice_n a_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v fit_v himself_o in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o must_v administer_v by_o a_o bailie_n who_o be_v sometime_o admit_v by_o a_o simple_a commission_n during_o his_o life_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v heritable_a bailie_n which_o right_o pass_v by_o infestment_n but_o this_o bailie_n be_v in_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v proper_o call_v the_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n though_o sometime_o the_o king_n depute_n in_o regality_n be_v likewise_o call_v baily_n as_o in_o the_o 5._o act._n 3._o parl._n k_o i._n 2._o ix_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v cite_v witness_n without_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o they_o must_v have_v letter_n of_o supplement_n for_o that_o office_n though_o general_o they_o may_v proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n that_o the_o justice-general_n do_v but_o they_o may_v exact_v caution_n to_o enter_v as_o law-will_a from_o the_o defender_n after_o sentence_n be_v give_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 7._o of_o october_n 1668._o betwixt_o mr._n john_n prestoun_n and_o mr._n john_n pape_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a privilege_n than_o the_o justice_n have_v who_o can_v present_o exact_v caution_n of_o any_o person_n for_o pay_v a_o unlaw_n but_o can_v only_o raise_v letter_n of_o horning_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o adjournal_n the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v right_a to_o the_o single_a escheat_n of_o rebel_n live_v within_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o also_o to_o the_o escheat_n of_o all_o person_n condemn_v for_o crime_n commit_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n albeit_o condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n from_o which_o general_a rule_n hope_v in_o his_o lesser_a practic_n except_v only_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o exception_n may_v not_o be_v likewise_o make_v of_o all_o other_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n see_v the_o lord_n
therefore_o act_n 89._o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o ratify_v act_n 28.3_o par._n k._n ja._n 4._o with_o this_o addition_n that_o if_o any_o heritable_a sheriff_n omit_v his_o duty_n in_o prosecute_n of_o this_o crime_n after_o this_o manner_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o heritable_a office_n for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o he_o have_v only_o that_o office_n for_o the_o time_n he_o shall_v lose_v it_o during_o all_o that_o time_n from_o which_o act_n it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o only_o judge_v competent_a to_o slaughter_n but_o to_o murder_v and_o both_o to_o the_o one_o and_o to_o the_o other_o at_o any_o time_n if_o he_o have_v either_o apprehend_v the_o person_n or_o have_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la do_v diligence_n for_o apprehend_v he_o but_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o murder_v though_o commit_v within_o his_o jurisdiction_n except_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n iv._o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v before_o the_o sheriff_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o place_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n yet_o sometime_o the_o sheriff_n or_o baron_n may_v condemn_v upon_o the_o panel_n confession_n without_o a_o assize_n as_o dur._n observe_v penult_n january_n 1622._o but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v present_a the_o sheriff_n can_v condemn_v he_o as_o hold_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la though_o he_o refuse_v to_o depon_n but_o co_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o must_v put_v he_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o be_v find_v 24._o july_n 1633._o dickson_n contra_fw-la halyday_n and_o albeit_o a_o blood_n prove_v by_o confession_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o a_o unlaw_n of_o fifty_o pound_n yet_o when_o blood_n be_v punish_v upon_o contumacious_a refusal_n to_o swear_v the_o unlaw_n can_v exceed_v ten_o pound_n 17._o february_n 1624._o v._o the_o sheriff_n may_v pursue_v when_o any_o person_n compear_v and_o insist_o with_o he_o in_o the_o pursuit_n but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o any_o party_n the_o justice_n general_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o skeen_n verbo_fw-la sheriff_n but_o that_o rule_n be_v too_o general_a and_o may_v admit_v of_o this_o distinction_n viz._n that_o either_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o then_o the_o sheriff_n may_v proceed_v to_o judge_v he_o though_o no_o private_a pursuer_fw-mi insist_v against_o he_o nor_o need_v there_o three_o fang_n for_o justify_v that_o pursuit_n albeit_o sheriff_n now_o never_o proceed_v but_o where_o three_o fang_n be_v prove_v or_o else_o no_o fang_n be_v find_v &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o sheriff_n can_v judge_v the_o thief_n except_o there_o be_v a_o pursuit_n intend_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a party_n vi_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v assist_v in_o all_o justice_n air_n hold_v by_o the_o justice_n general_n or_o the_o chamberlain_n and_o shall_v produce_v the_o verification_n of_o all_o the_o summons_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o shall_v make_v provision_n at_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o his_o clerk_n which_o shall_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o first_o end_n of_o his_o account_n to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o he_o shall_v arrest_v such_o person_n as_o the_o crowner_n can_v arrest_v and_o shall_v those_o a_o assize_n upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n anent_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 14._o cap._n 102._o and_o if_o he_o be_v find_v culpable_a the_o justice_n general_n may_v remove_v he_o from_o his_o office_n till_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o put_v another_o in_o his_o place_n to_o officiat_fw-la in_o the_o interim_n st._n rob._n bruce_n ex_fw-la lib._n sconen_n relate_v by_o skeen_n ibid._n but_o much_o of_o this_o be_v antiquate_v by_o custom_n for_o the_o thesaurer_n send_v along_o with_o the_o justice_n air_n a_o person_n special_o commissionated_a by_o they_o who_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o justice_n clerk_n vii_o if_o the_o sheriff_n fail_v in_o his_o duty_n he_o be_v punish_v of_o old_a by_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o office_n during_o his_o life_n and_o imprisonment_n during_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n st._n david_n cap._n 13._o &_o 69._o but_o now_o for_o negligence_n in_o his_o office_n he_o tine_v the_o same_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o be_v punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n ja._n 2._o par._n 14._o cap._n 37._o and_o yet_o the_o lord_n yester_n have_v suffer_v two_o thief_n negligent_o to_o escape_v and_o his_o heritable_a office_n of_o sheriffship_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n take_v from_o he_o by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o that_o decreet_a be_v reduce_v for_o it_o be_v find_v too_o small_a to_o infer_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o heritable_a office_n stat._n sessionis_fw-la pag._n 34._o which_o be_v observe_v by_o hop_v likewise_o in_o his_o large_a practic_n if_o the_o sheriff_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n he_o lose_v likewise_o his_o office_n and_o be_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n but_o if_o he_o do_v injustice_n he_o lose_v his_o office_n if_o it_o be_v heritable_a for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o heritable_a he_o lose_v it_o during_o the_o time_n he_o be_v to_o enjoy_v it_o former_o and_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v punishable_a arbitrary_a in_o his_o person_n and_o be_v obliedge_v to_o refound_v the_o damnage_n and_o interest_n sustain_v by_o the_o party_n laese_v k._n i._n 3._o p._n 5._o cap._n 26._o but_o if_o he_o bribe_v or_o give_v partial_a counsel_n he_o forefault_n his_o fame_n honour_n and_o dignity_n and_o be_v likewise_o punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n k._n i._n 5._o par._n 7._o cap._n 104._o if_o the_o case_n be_v difficult_a the_o lord_n of_o session_n will_v sometimes_o advocate_n the_o cause_n from_o the_o sheriff_n to_o the_o justice_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o theft-boot_n pursue_v by_o connadge_n the_o sheriff_n deput_fw-la of_o invernesse_n against_o makintosh_n and_o sometime_o the_o council_n will_v discharge_v the_o sheriff_n to_o proceed_v without_o advocate_a the_o cause_n if_o they_o find_v either_o the_o case_n to_o be_v difficult_a or_o the_o sheriff_n and_o his_o depute_n to_o be_v suspect_v title_n xiii_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o baron_n 1._o in_o what_o case_n baron_n may_v judge_v 2._o the_o clerk_n of_o that_o court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n 3._o whether_o he_o may_v punish_v theft_n or_o fire-raising_a i._o a_o baron_n in_o our_o law_n be_v general_o understand_v to_o be_v one_o who_o be_v infest_v in_o any_o land_n though_o not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n in_o which_o sense_n he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n but_o only_o that_o he_o can_v unlaw_n his_o own_o tennent_n for_o blood_n commit_v upon_o his_o own_o ground_n as_o be_v find_v the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o johnstoun_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o west-nisbit_a but_o a_o baron_n proper_o be_v he_o who_o be_v infest_v with_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n fossa_fw-la &_o furca_fw-la a_o barron_n judge_n crime_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o may_v like_v he_o proceed_v in_o time_n of_o vacance_n to_o judge_v these_o crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a but_o it_o have_v be_v controvert_v whether_o baron_n have_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o process_n for_o penal_a statute_n since_o the_o penalty_n there_o be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o king_n fisk_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v judge_v in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o the_o lord_n find_v the_o 3._o of_o february_n 1674._o that_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o penal_a statute_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n albeit_o in_o civil_a case_n baron_n may_v appoint_v baily_n yet_o balfour_n cap._n 63._o observe_n that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la no_o person_n below_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n may_v sit_v upon_o blood_n nam_fw-la potestas_fw-la gladii_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la quae_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la delegari_fw-la potest_fw-la except_o there_o be_v a_o express_a power_n give_v by_o the_o sovereign_n for_o that_o effect_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o justice_n and_o sheriff_n who_o have_v power_n to_o deput_n and_o that_o power_n of_o deputation_n be_v unnecessar_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a ii_o the_o clerk_n of_o all_o other_o court_n must_v be_v notar_n but_o the_o clerk_n of_o a_o baron_n court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n and_o yet_o the_o decreet_a of_o a_o baron_n for_o a_o unlaw_n will_v be_v sustain_v found_v upon_o a_o confession_n though_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o subscribe_v as_o be_v observe_v by_o durie_n the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o sentence_n of_o any_o inferior_a court_n
title_n xv._n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o of_o the_o several_a employment_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o court._n 1._o who_o be_v judge_n to_o crime_n in_o greece_n and_o at_o rome_n 2._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n with_o we_o 3._o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice-general_a and_o justice-deputs_a 4._o the_o office_n of_o justice-clerk_n 5._o what_o action_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o justice-court_n 6._o the_o macer_n and_o crowner_n of_o the_o justice-court_n i._o all_z nation_n have_v commit_v the_o cognition_n of_o crime_n to_o the_o wise_a of_o their_o judge_n because_o our_o life_n be_v our_o great_a concern_n and_o if_o the_o judge_n err_v there_o his_o error_n can_v seldom_o be_v repair_v the_o athenian_n have_v the_o areopage_n for_o their_o criminal_a court_n which_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a court_n then_o in_o the_o world_n of_o who_o the_o grecian_n use_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o they_o judge_v homicide_n in_o a_o particular_a place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d institute_v by_o solon_n for_o judge_a crime_n be_v likewise_o 50._o at_o rome_n praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la judge_v all_o the_o crime_n that_o be_v commit_v within_o the_o town_n &_o intra_fw-la centesimum_fw-la lapidem_fw-la and_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n judge_v crime_n in_o the_o country_n but_o the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la praefectus_fw-la augustalis_fw-la comes_fw-la orientis_fw-la &_o vicarius_fw-la praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la have_v also_o a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n the_o justice_n court_n with_o we_o have_v for_o its_o member_n the_o justice-general_n the_o justice-clerk_n the_o justice-deputs_a the_o clerk-depute_a the_o dempster_n the_o officer_n and_o the_o macer_n ii_o the_o justice-general_n be_v constitute_v by_o a_o gift_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n either_o ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la or_o by_o a_o temporary_a commission_n but_o still_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n his_o salary_n of_o old_a be_v five_o pound_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n leg_n malcol_n cap._n 2._o num_fw-la 3.1_o but_o now_o it_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o the_o ordinary_a salary_n by_o his_o gift_n be_v two_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_n to_o be_v uplift_v by_o himself_o out_o of_o the_o fine_n of_o court_n and_o if_o he_o can_v attain_v to_o payment_n that_o way_n out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o justice-court_n of_o old_a be_v the_o only_a sovereign_a court_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o have_v then_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o session_n have_v now_o for_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o recognition_n brieve_v of_o mortancestrie_n dissasine_n purpresture_n and_o distriction_n for_o debt_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o cap_n 5._o num_fw-la 2._o &_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 74._o quon_n att_o cap._n 52._o &_o 53._o lib._n 3._o cap._n 28._o and_o after_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o session_n they_o remain_v still_o judge_n to_o perambulation_n and_o brieve_v be_v direct_v in_o latin_a for_o trial_n thereof_o and_o the_o reason_n hereof_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n observe_v ad_fw-la armacurritur_fw-la in_o sinibus_fw-la regundis_fw-la and_o the_o fit_a person_n for_o compese_v such_o tumult_n be_v the_o justice-general_a but_o now_o the_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o session_n cognosce_fw-la such_o case_n and_o i_o have_v cause_v raise_v a_o advocation_n from_o the_o sheriff_n of_o tividale_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o some_o jedburgh_n man_n to_o the_o justice-general_a ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la capite_fw-la the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v the_o advocation_n but_o remit_v the_o case_n back_o to_o the_o sheriff_n who_o they_o find_v also_o competent_a so_o that_o such_o brieu_v may_v yet_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o justice_n general_n though_o he_o have_v not_o a_o privative_a jurisdiction_n therein_o iii_o i_o find_v the_o justice-general_a call_v the_o chief_a justice_n in_o all_o the_o register_n annis_n 1637._o and_o 1638._o and_o the_o principal_a justiciar_n anno_fw-la 1503._o the_o justice-deputs_a be_v not_o limit_v to_o any_o definit_a number_n but_o usual_o they_o be_v two_o and_o have_v each_o a_o pension_n from_o his_o majesty_n when_o they_o be_v constitute_v by_o a_o gift_n from_o he_o which_o pass_v the_o privy_a seal_n only_o and_o these_o be_v still_o call_v his_o majesty_n justice-deputs_a and_o be_v not_o deputes_o to_o the_o justice-general_a for_o else_o they_o can_v not_o sit_v in_o judgement_n with_o he_o as_o they_o do_v and_o in_o effect_n they_o have_v a_o equal_a power_n and_o voice_n with_o he_o but_o when_o he_o make_v a_o deput_n he_o shall_v not_o sit_v with_o he_o nam_fw-la delegatus_fw-la non_fw-la simul_fw-la concurrit_fw-la and_o i_o find_v mr._n alexander_n colvil_n call_v in_o his_o gift_n general-justice-deput_a which_o be_v do_v to_o denotat_fw-la the_o universality_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o justice_n in_o that_o part_n such_o as_o be_v these_o nobleman_n and_o other_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o justiciary_a over_o their_o own_o land_n and_o in_o binny_v case_n the_o lord_n have_v remit_v he_o to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice-general_a and_o his_o depute_n the_o justice-deputs_a declare_v that_o they_o accept_v only_o of_o the_o remit_v as_o meaning_n they_o be_v his_o majesty_n justice-deputs_a and_o when_o his_o majesty_n direct_v any_o letter_n to_o they_o he_o direct_v it_o to_o our_o trusty_a and_o well_o belove_a cousin_n and_o counsellor_n to_o our_o trusty_a and_o well_o belove_v our_o justice-general_a and_o justice-deputs_a of_o old_a i_o find_v there_o be_v eight_o justice-deputs_a the_o justice-deputs_a have_v former_o the_o privilege_n of_o be_v present_a at_o the_o council_n which_o be_v very_o fit_a because_o many_o criminal_a case_n come_v in_o before_o they_o and_o they_o retain_v still_o the_o privilege_n of_o be_v present_a at_o parliament_n they_o be_v call_v attornati_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la quon_n attach_v c._n 61._o &_o assis_fw-la r._n david_n c._n nullus_fw-la by_o the_o 1._o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 3._o session_n 2._o par._n ch._n 2._o the_o office_n of_o justice-deputs_a be_v suppress_v and_o five_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o justice-general_a and_o justice-clerk_n four_o of_o the_o number_n be_v a_o quorum_fw-la except_o at_o justice_n court_n because_o then_o the_o justice_n be_v divide_v and_o two_o may_v be_v a_o quorum_fw-la their_o present_a habit_n be_v scarlet_a adorn_v with_o white_a and_o this_o i_o find_v the_o king_n of_o old_a have_v vestem_fw-la purpuream_fw-la sed_fw-la albi_fw-la habens_fw-la non_fw-la nihil_fw-la admixtam_fw-la perion_n de_fw-fr magistr_n rom._n pag._n 574._o iv._o the_o justice-clerk_n have_v his_o place_n from_o his_o majesty_n by_o a_o gift_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n with_o power_n to_o appoint_v depute_n for_o who_o he_o shall_v be_v answerable_a and_o be_v call_v in_o his_o gift_n clericus_fw-la nostrae_fw-la justiciariae_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o justice-clerk_n be_v a_o judge_n or_o a_o clerk_n only_o have_v be_v doubt_v and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n appear_v not_o only_o from_o our_o inviolable_a present_a custom_n wherein_o he_o sit_v and_o preside_v when_o the_o justice-general_a be_v not_o present_a and_o takes_z precedency_n from_o the_o other_o justice-deputs_a but_o likewise_o by_o the_o 87._o act_n 11._o parl._n i._n 6._o expense_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v modify_v to_o the_o party_n cleanse_v by_o the_o â—ustice_n justice-clerk_n and_o their_o depute_n sed_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la that_o modification_n of_o expense_n be_v a_o judicial_a sentence_n at_o least_o be_v actus_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la &_o jurisdictio_fw-la tantum_fw-la explicaâ—i_fw-la potest_fw-la per_fw-la judicem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la peractuarium_fw-la vel_fw-la referendarium_fw-la as_o to_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n of_o justice-clerk_n it_o be_v receive_v by_o tradition_n that_o because_o clerici_fw-la or_o churchman_n of_o old_a can_v not_o sit_v in_o criminal_a court_n see_v the_o law_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o bloodless_a jurisdiction_n therefore_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o nominat_fw-la a_o clerk_n who_o may_v represent_v they_o who_o be_v therefore_o call_v non_fw-la clericus_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la the_o clerk_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n but_o justiciarius_fw-la clericus_fw-la yet_o this_o seem_v a_o groundless_a conjecture_n for_o in_o no_o municipal_a law_n can_v churchman_n sit_v upon_o blood_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o deput_n &_o qui_fw-la facit_fw-la per_fw-la alium_fw-la facit_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o what_o necessity_n be_v there_o for_o their_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n and_o to_o evidence_n that_o he_o be_v clerk_n of_o the_o court_n the_o clerk_n who_o officiat_n have_v his_o place_n by_o deputation_n from_o he_o and_o be_v call_v deput_n to_o my_o lord_n justice-clerk_n nor_o can_v he_o deput_fw-la clerk_n except_o he_o be_v principal_a clerk_n
but_o i_o believe_v this_o invasion_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o justice-clerk_n upon_o that_o court_n after_o he_o be_v create_v a_o officer_n of_o state_n but_o to_o solve_v this_o doubt_n my_o lord_n rentoun_n at_o his_o admission_n be_v find_v by_o act_n of_o the_o secret_a council_n to_o be_v a_o member_n and_o one_o of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o to_o have_v a_o vote_n there_o the_o 10._o of_o december_n 1663._o and_o now_o he_o sit_v in_o the_o justice-general_n chair_n when_o he_o be_v absent_a the_o justice_n court_n have_v a_o seal_n which_o they_o append_v to_o public_a act_n and_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o justice-cleâ—k-deput_a this_o deput_n be_v admit_v by_o the_o justice_n clerk_n by_o way_n of_o commission_n give_v he_o power_n to_o be_v clerk_n to_o all_o couâ—ts_n hold_v by_o his_o majesty_n justice-general_a or_o deput_n or_o any_o have_v particular_a commission_n either_o at_o edinburgh_n or_o else_o where_o and_o therefore_o no_o justice_n court_n either_o in_o the_o border_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v lawful_a except_o it_o be_v serve_v either_o by_o the_o justice-clerk-deput_a or_o any_o have_a commission_n from_o he_o it_o seem_v that_o of_o old_a the_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n do_v use_v to_o write_v criminal_a letter_n without_o receive_v caution_n but_o that_o be_v discharge_v by_o the_o 34._o act_n 4._o par._n ja._n 5._o and_o now_o though_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n may_v subscribe_v the_o letter_n yet_o the_o justice-clerk-deput_a can_v only_o write_v the_o deliverance_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o receive_v caution_n and_o therefore_o he_o write_v upon_o the_o bill_n soverty_n be_v find_v and_o subscribe_v the_o famine_n hâ—s_n receive_v caution_n be_v likewise_o warrant_v by_o the_o 78._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o v._o the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o these_o crime_n which_o be_v call_v placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v four_o with_o we_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v ravish_v of_o woman_n murder_n and_o robbery_n or_o reif_n l._n malcol_n 2._o cap._n 13._o and_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o belong_v not_o to_o burgh_n leg_n burg_n c._n 6._o nor_o to_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n quon_n attach_v c._n 76._o leguntur_fw-la st._n alex._n c._n 14._o faemina_fw-la efforciata_fw-la arsione_n rapina_fw-la &_o murdrum_fw-la molineus_n in_o stil._n cur_n paris_n part_n 1._o c._n 13._o observe_n that_o in_o france_n three_o crime_n belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o high_a justice_n wilful_a fire_n ravish_v of_o woman_n and_o murder_n nor_o can_v any_o other_o judge_n proceed_v to_o judge_v these_o crime_n except_o they_o be_v particular_o warrant_v by_o a_o gift_n from_o his_o majesty_n to_o that_o effect_n skeen_n verb._n murder_n vi_o the_o justice_n court_n have_v its_o macer_n in_o which_o they_o be_v not_o stent_v to_o a_o particular_a number_n and_o though_o of_o old_a among_o the_o roman_n a_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v his_o private_a authority_n and_o force_n draw_v the_o defender_n before_o the_o judge_n in_o jus_o rapere_fw-la in_o jus_o trahi_fw-la which_o they_o borrow_v from_o the_o grecian_n as_o they_o do_v most_o of_o their_o law_n for_o demosthenes_n their_o great_a lawyer_n tell_v we_o in_o orat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n yet_o ordinary_o even_o the_o grecian_n have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o apparitor_n as_o the_o roman_n call_v they_o who_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o macer_n qui_fw-la volentes_fw-la vocabant_fw-la recusantes_fw-la urgebant_fw-la the_o mace_n use_v by_o these_o with_o we_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n be_v a_o iron_n rod_n which_o be_v the_o symbol_n of_o power_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o verse_n 2._o ps._n the_o coroner_n be_v a_o officer_n who_o take_v inquisition_n of_o murder_n in_o corona_fw-la populi_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o ednam_n be_v the_o heritable_a coroner_n in_o scotland_n but_o this_o office_n be_v absolet_n now_o except_o at_o justice_n air_n where_o the_o coroner_n yet_o present_v all_o malefactor_n and_o take_v they_o to_o and_o from_o prison_n title_n xvi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n over_o soldier_n and_o of_o militiary_a crime_n 1._o when_o be_v the_o justices-iudge_n to_o soldier_n 2._o a_o debate_n concern_v free_a quarter_n 3._o haddo_n case_n 4._o sometime_o commission_n be_v grant_v for_o try_v soldier_n 5._o how_o deserter_n be_v punish_v 6._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o soldier_n among_o the_o roman_n i._o albeit_o soldier_n shall_v be_v try_v by_o a_o court_n martial_a for_o crime_n commit_v by_o they_o in_o a_o military_a capacity_n as_o desert_v their_o colour_n resi_v their_o officer_n etc._n etc._n yet_o when_o they_o commâ—t_v other_o crime_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o trial_n before_o the_o criminal_a court._n for_o as_o voet._n observe_v delicta_fw-la militum_fw-la sunt_fw-la vel_fw-la communia_fw-la vel_fw-la propria_fw-la lib._n 2._o de_fw-la remilit_fw-la and_o thus_o french_a and_o two_o other_o soulâ—iers_n under_o morgan_n in_o the_o english_a garrison_n of_o leith_n be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n for_o kill_v a_o burgess_n of_o edinburgh_n albeit_o morgan_n offer_v to_o repledge_v they_o january_n 1662._o and_o yet_o in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o the_o justice_n will_v not_o proceed_v against_o some_o gentleman_n for_o the_o slaughter_n because_o they_o be_v both_o soldier_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o crime_n shall_v have_v be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n see_v the_o crime_n and_o not_o the_o person_n determine_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o their_o crime_n be_v only_o a_o combat_n which_o be_v no_o specific_a crime_n to_o soldier_n and_o this_o be_v conform_v to_o a_o decision_n novemb_n 1627._o where_o captain_n bruce_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a captain_n hamiltoun_n do_v petition_v the_o council_n show_v they_o that_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v in_o flanders_n and_o that_o he_o be_v assoâ—lzied_v therefra_fw-la by_o a_o council_n of_o war_n upon_o which_o probation_n the_o council_n command_v the_o justice_n to_o desist_v but_o sir_n william_n bellenden_n be_v challenge_v before_o the_o council_n for_o many_o riot_n and_o crime_n commit_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o west_n they_o will_v not_o remit_v he_o to_o a_o council_n of_o war_n albeit_o that_o declinator_fw-la be_v propon_v august_n 1667._o and_o militia_n soldier_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n for_o murder_n commit_v by_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o other_o officer_n command_n the_o 3._o of_o february_n 1674._o ii_o the_o most_o considerable_a military_a question_n which_o i_o remember_v in_o all_o the_o adjournal_n book_n be_v first_o that_o which_o be_v debate_v 5._o decemb._n 1666._o the_o case_n whereof_o be_v some_o west_n country_n man_n have_v form_v themselves_o in_o a_o army_n and_o be_v declare_v traitor_n by_o the_o council_n and_o be_v thereafter_o beat_v at_o pentland_n hill_n captain_n arnot_n major_a mackulloch_n and_o other_o be_v take_v by_o some_o of_o his_o majesty_n inferior_a officer_n upon_o quarter_n but_o be_v pannel_v before_o the_o justice_n as_o traitor_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o they_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n before_o the_o justice_n because_o they_o have_v be_v model_v in_o a_o army_n and_o take_v in_o the_o field_n fight_v as_o soldier_n they_o behove_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o military_a law_n and_o by_o that_o law_n such_o as_o get_v quarter_n in_o the_o field_n be_v by_o that_o quarter_n secure_v therein_o for_o their_o life_n and_o can_v be_v hereafter_o quarrel_v to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o quarter_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o bellum_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v not_o the_o number_n nor_o form_n of_o the_o army_n but_o the_o cause_n that_o make_v bellum_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o public_a insurrection_n of_o subject_n against_o their_o prince_n be_v rather_o sedition_n then_o bellum_fw-la and_o these_o insurrection_n be_v treason_n none_o can_v remit_v treason_n but_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o quarter_n can_v not_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o remission_n but_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o quarter_n in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o secure_v these_o who_o get_v the_o same_o from_o present_a death_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o who_o get_v quarter_n from_o any_o who_o be_v authorize_v to_o be_v soldier_n be_v by_o that_o quarter_n against_o that_o authority_n from_o who_o these_o soldier_n derive_v their_o power_n and_o these_o who_o get_v the_o quarter_n be_v not_o to_o dispute_v whether_o these_o soldier_n have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n to_o give_v quarter_n or_o whether_o bellum_fw-la be_v justum_fw-la or_o injustum_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o destroy_v quarter_n in_o all_o case_n and_o to_o make_v all_o such_o as_o take_v up_o arm_n to_o be_v desperate_a and_o irreclaimable_a
and_o the_o power_n of_o give_v of_o quarter_n be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o all_o soldier_n as_o such_o and_o as_o the_o council_n without_o express_a remission_n from_o the_o king_n upon_o submission_n may_v have_v secure_v their_o life_n so_o may_v soldier_n by_o quarter_n for_o they_o have_v as_o much_o power_n in_o the_o field_n as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o council_n table_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o quarter_n shall_v be_v keep_v though_o give_v to_o subject_n who_o be_v rebel_n grotius_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 19_o where_o after_o he_o have_v full_o treat_v that_o question_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la servanda_fw-la conclude_v that_o side_n data_fw-la etiam_fw-la persidis_fw-la &_o rebellibus_fw-la subditis_fw-la est_fw-la servanda_fw-la and_o this_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o holland_n and_o france_n and_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o father_n at_o home_n during_o the_o late_a trouble_n 3._o quarâ—er_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v keep_v for_o these_o who_o be_v take_v may_v have_v kill_v his_o majesty_n general_n or_o officer_n and_o by_o give_v quarter_n to_o his_o enemy_n he_o redeem_v his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o only_a effect_n of_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o a_o public_a trial_n none_o will_v accept_v quarter_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o reply_n the_o defence_n be_v repel_v and_o the_o panel_n condemn_v and_o thereafter_o execute_v the_o second_o question_n be_v that_o which_o be_v debate_v in_o haddo_n case_n 16._o march_n 1642._o at_o which_o time_n that_o loyal_a gentleman_n haddo_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v mr._n james_n stalker_n servitor_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o allege_v that_o the_o say_v mr._n james_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o open_a field_n in_o a_o conflict_n betwixt_o the_o convenanters_n and_o ante-covenanters_n all_o which_o act_v of_o ostility_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o pacification_n to_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v reply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v only_o secure_a against_o act_n of_o hostility_n which_o be_v do_v in_o furore_fw-la belli_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n for_o the_o say_a mr._n james_n have_v be_v take_v a_o prisoner_n haddo_n do_v come_v up_o to_o he_o and_o ask_v who_o servant_n he_o be_v and_o hear_v that_o he_o be_v servant_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o say_v your_o master_n man_n be_v the_o person_n that_o i_o be_o seek_v and_o thereupon_o order_v to_o kill_v he_o which_o be_v according_o do_v by_o which_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n do_v in_o cold_a blood_n and_o upon_o premeditat_fw-la malice_n and_o mr._n james_n stalker_n be_v a_o prisoner_n any_o who_o kill_v he_o be_v liable_a for_o his_o murder_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o the_o pacification_n can_v no_o more_o defend_v the_o committer_n then_o if_o he_o have_v go_v into_o a_o prison_n and_o kill_v a_o prisoner_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o rapt_v upon_o a_o woman_n likea_n murderer_n be_v express_o except_v from_o the_o pacification_n 2._o haddo_n be_v no_o general_a person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v order_n for_o his_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v secure_a against_o all_o deed_n whatsoever_o do_v upon_o the_o field_n by_o person_n engage_v in_o either_o party_n without_o debate_v whether_o the_o deed_n be_v lawful_o or_o unlawful_o do_v and_o the_o occasion_n and_o not_o the_o manner_n of_o kill_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n james_n have_v never_o get_v any_o quarter_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n whether_o general_a person_n or_o other_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o say_a haddo_n do_v command_v that_o party_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o his_o be_v a_o general_a person_n and_o albeit_o the_o pacification_n do_v express_o except_o murder_n yet_o that_o behove_v only_o to_o be_v interpret_v of_o such_o murder_n as_o have_v no_o contingency_n with_o the_o trouble_n nor_o be_v occasion_v by_o they_o this_o debate_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n execute_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o anno_fw-la 1644._o to_o two_o baily_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o sit_v and_o hold_v justice_n court_n upon_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v runaway_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o commission_n james_n french_a be_v condemn_v by_o they_o for_o run_v away_o from_o his_o colour_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o and_o be_v hang_v according_o from_o which_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v 1._o that_o the_o justice_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n that_o be_v mere_o military_a 2._o that_o we_o have_v no_o stand_a law_n for_o execute_v runaway_n beside_o the_o martial_a law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o law_n found_v upon_o this_o indictment_n except_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o which_o be_v now_o abrogat_fw-la 3._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o one_o mr._n alexander_n henderson_n as_o procurator_n fiscal_n and_o not_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v here_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o which_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o this_o process_n shall_v have_v be_v insert_v in_o the_o adjournal_n book_n iu._n but_o albeit_o deserter_n be_v here_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o regulariter_fw-la milites_fw-la gregarij_fw-la or_o list_a soldier_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n with_o degredation_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n with_o death_n because_o the_o hazard_n be_v then_o great_a l._n 5._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la and_o by_o that_o law_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o man_n lib._n 2._o cod._n quando_fw-la liciat_a unic_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o arbitrary_a kill_n be_v not_o now_o in_o use_n as_o voet_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr militat_fw-la very_o well_o observe_v if_o superior_a officer_n leave_v their_o charge_n they_o commit_v treason_n l._n 2._o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a maje_v vid._n tit_n treason_n v._o constantine_n have_v extinguish_v the_o office_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o military_a case_n the_o magistri_fw-la militum_fw-la succeed_v and_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v by_o soldier_n both_o in_o civil_a and_o in_o military_a case_n and_o if_o soldier_n have_v offend_v the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v have_v secure_v but_o he_o be_v obledge_v to_o remit_v they_o cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o their_o own_o officer_n l._n 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr custod_n reor_fw-la vid._n tit_n c._n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la title_n xvii_o advocation_n of_o criminal_a cause_n 1._o advocation_n define_v 2._o no_o advocation_n from_o the_o justice_n 3._o how_o advocation_n be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o form_n thereto_o relate_v 4._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n examine_v 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n be_v proper_a judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n i._o advocation_n be_v the_o away_o call_v of_o a_o intend_a cause_n or_o pursuit_n from_o a_o inferior_a incompetent_a judicatory_a to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o competent_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o we_o that_o recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la be_v with_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v advocatio_fw-la or_o evocatio_fw-la which_o be_v by_o they_o define_v to_o be_v litis_fw-la pendentis_fw-la coram_fw-la inferiore_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la absque_fw-la provocatione_n facta_fw-la translatio_fw-la gail_n lib._n 1._o ob_n 41_o num_fw-la 7._o and_o be_v found_v upon_o cap._n ut_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la appell_n &_o l._n jud_v solvitur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi jud_v ii_o their_a be_v no_o advocation_n raise_v of_o pursuit_n intent_a before_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o design_n of_o stop_v a_o pursuit_n depend_v before_o they_o there_o use_v to_o be_v a_o petition_n give_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a council_n who_o if_o they_o find_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o petition_n just_a will_v ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o stop_v all_o further_a procedor_fw-la or_o will_v remit_v the_o inquiry_n to_o any_o other_o court_n as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o pursuit_n intent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n against_o some_o vassal_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n which_o they_o stop_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n himself_o and_o ordain_v his_o vassal_n to_o be_v pursue_v before_o his_o own_o regality_n court_n sometime_o also_o they_o ordain_v assessor_n to_o be_v justice_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o cause_n formal_o advocate_n from_o before_o the_o justice_n
albeit_o those_o course_n and_o repledgiation_n be_v equivalent_a to_o advocation_n iii_o advocation_n may_v be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a criminal_a judge_n by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o theft-boot_n before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o inverness_n and_o advocate_n by_o the_o lord_n because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n of_o the_o case_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v there_o that_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a in_o such_o advocation_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o crime_n pursue_v to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n themselves_o yet_o they_o may_v remit_v the_o pursuit_n to_o these_o who_o be_v competent_a even_o as_o brieve_v raise_v for_o serve_v a_o person_n air_n may_v be_v advocate_n to_o the_o lord_n who_o may_v remit_v the_o case_n to_o another_o inquest_n but_o durhie_n observe_v the_o 9_o of_o january_n 1629._o that_o kincaid_n of_o waristoun_n crave_v that_o the_o process_n against_o he_o for_o slaughter_n may_v be_v advocate_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o justice_n because_o of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o baron_n bailie_n or_o else_o that_o they_o will_v grant_v assessor_n the_o lord_n continue_v the_o diet_n till_o application_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o the_o council_n but_o if_o the_o council_n will_v not_o interpose_v than_o they_o shall_v do_v justice_n therein_o by_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o justice_n or_o otherwise_o but_o advocation_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v ordinary_o raise_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n who_o have_v the_o most_o natural_a power_n in_o such_o case_n advocation_n be_v raise_v upon_o bill_n and_o the_o letter_n pass_v the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n if_o the_o bill_n be_v past_a by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n or_o of_o the_o council_n if_o the_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o council_n this_o advocation_n must_v be_v execute_v by_o a_o messenger_n and_o a_o full_a copy_n must_v be_v give_v of_o the_o letter_n as_o in_o other_o summons_n for_o in_o effect_n a_o advocation_n be_v a_o summons_n and_o the_o diet_n in_o advocation_n be_v peremptor_n as_o in_o all_o other_o criminal_a pursuit_n neither_o be_v the_o advocation_n give_v up_o to_o see_v as_o in_o other_o criminal_a pursuit_n at_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n and_o therefore_o a_o full_a copy_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o end_n the_o defender_n may_v be_v ready_a to_o answer_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o action_n must_v be_v cite_v and_o the_o judge_n from_o who_o the_o action_n be_v to_o be_v advocate_n must_v be_v also_o cite_v to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v defend_v his_o own_o jurisdiction_n and_o if_o both_o these_o be_v not_o cite_v the_o advocation_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n come_v if_o the_o advocation_n be_v raise_v before_o the_o session_n it_o be_v call_v before_o the_o session_n and_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v find_v relevant_a the_o cause_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o that_o advocation_n be_v raise_v before_o the_o council_n it_o be_v call_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o both_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o defender_n must_v prove_v all_o that_o they_o allege_v instant_o the_o advocation_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n do_v contain_v the_o reason_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v found_v as_o in_o civil_a advocation_n but_o though_o in_o civilibus_fw-la the_o raiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o add_v a_o reason_n though_o it_o be_v not_o libel_v which_o be_v call_v a_o eiked_a reason_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o allow_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la because_o all_o must_v be_v prove_v instanter_fw-la and_o the_o defender_n be_v not_o able_a to_o prove_v his_o answer_n instant_o if_o he_o know_v not_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o he_o must_v answer_v whereas_o in_o civilibus_fw-la he_o will_v get_v a_o term_n to_o prove_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o eiked_a reason_n iv._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v 1._o consanguinity_n or_o affinity_n within_o degree_n defendant_n viz._n cousin_n german_a or_o near_o for_o whatever_o be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o cast_v a_o witness_n shall_v in_o my_o opinion_n much_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o decline_v a_o judge_n since_o there_o may_v be_v penury_n of_o witness_n so_o that_o the_o witness_v challenge_v may_v be_v necessary_a whereas_o if_o a_o judge_n be_v suspect_v he_o may_v be_v supply_v by_o another_o deput_n or_o a_o superior_a judge_n and_o a_o judge_n may_v by_o himself_o ruin_n a_o cause_n which_o one_o witness_n can_v do_v and_o though_o we_o have_v no_o express_a law_n for_o this_o yet_o the_o lord_n incline_v ordinary_o to_o sustain_v this_o and_o particular_o in_o the_o month_n of_o decem._n 1676._o ross_z contra_fw-la collodine_n where_o a_o decreet_a be_v turn_v in_o a_o libel_n because_o pronounce_v by_o a_o nephew_n albeit_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o 212._o act_n 14._o parl._n i._n 6._o a_o brother_n father_n and_o son_n be_v only_o to_o be_v decline_v as_o judge_n for_o that_o statute_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o because_o of_o their_o great_a eminency_n and_o trust_v be_v not_o to_o be_v as_o easy_o suspect_v as_o inferior_a judge_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o justice_n or_o any_o of_o they_o may_v be_v decline_v as_o within_o degree_n defendant_n for_o though_o they_o must_v now_o be_v senator_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n yet_o they_o sit_v not_o there_o as_o such_o nor_o be_v the_o justice-general_a or_o justice-clerk_n always_o of_o that_o number_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o since_o the_o justice_n court_n be_v a_o supreme_a judicatory_a in_o its_o own_o kind_n and_o that_o this_o respect_n that_o be_v put_v upon_o they_o be_v because_o of_o their_o eminency_n and_o presume_v integrity_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v the_o same_o person_n aught_o to_o have_v the_o same_o privilege_n and_o the_o justice-general_a and_o justice-clerk_n be_v superior_a in_o order_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o be_v justiciar_n aught_o at_o least_o to_o have_v as_o great_a trust_n but_o though_o the_o admiral_n be_v a_o supreme_a judge_n also_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o statute_n shall_v be_v extend_v to_o he_o because_o man_n of_o mean_a part_n may_v officiat_fw-la there_o it_o may_v be_v also_o doubt_v whether_o this_o declinator_fw-la against_o father_n brother_n and_o son_n shall_v extend_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o affinity_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o consanguinity_n so_o that_o a_o father_n or_o brother_n in_o law_n may_v be_v decline_v and_o though_o the_o lord_n late_o will_v not_o decline_v one_o of_o their_o number_n though_o brother_n in_o law_n to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o albeit_o act_v of_o parliament_n must_v be_v strict_o interpret_v yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o parity_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o word_n may_v in_o propriety_n admit_v of_o the_o extension_n there_o the_o extension_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o here_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n be_v to_o be_v suspect_v and_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n be_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n a_o brother_n likeas_n since_o witness_n may_v be_v cast_v upon_o the_o suspicion_n of_o affinity_n why_o may_v not_o judge_n especial_o see_v in_o the_o statute_n 1621._o against_o disposition_n make_v by_o bankrupt_n and_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n degree_n of_o affinity_n and_o consanguinity_n be_v still_o equiparat_fw-la and_o so_o wise_a be_v we_o in_o this_o point_n that_o a_o pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v advocate_n upon_o this_o statute_n because_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v brother_n to_o the_o judge_n though_o he_o be_v only_o pursue_v ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o have_v no_o interest_n himself_o and_o express_o renounce_v all_o interest_n in_o the_o pursuit_n 28._o january_n 1629._o whether_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o unlawful_a relation_n so_o that_o a_o bastard_n brother_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v decline_v vide_fw-la my_o observation_n upon_o the_o statute_n 1621._o another_o reason_n of_o advocation_n like_a to_o this_o be_v that_o one_o of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o court_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi as_o for_o instance_n the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o of_o two_o sheriff_n depute_v before_o his_o own_o colleague_n habet_fw-la quip_n societas_fw-la jus_o quoddam_fw-la fraternitatis_fw-la in_o se_fw-la l._n verum_fw-la ff_n praesocio_fw-la vid._n c._n insinuante_fw-la de_fw-fr offic_n deleg_a &_o cap._n postr_n de_fw-fr appel_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v judge_v where_o the_o colleague_n pursue_v but_o that_o the_o pursuit_n shall_v be_v carry_v away_o to_o another_o judicature_n be_v appoint_v by_o a_o
statute_n in_o france_n anno_fw-la 1560._o but_o we_o have_v no_o such_o statute_n and_o one_o colleague_n with_o we_o may_v be_v witness_n for_o another_o and_o why_o not_o then_o judge_n a_o three_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n be_v suspect_v as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v partial_a counsel_n or_o if_o he_o have_v repel_v a_o just_a defence_n or_o as_o be_v severe_a above_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v 4._o that_o he_o be_v incompetent_a the_o case_n pursue_v be_v only_o proper_a to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n treason_n murder_n fire-raising_a and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n but_o sometime_o though_o the_o first_o libel_n have_v infer_v treason_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o peddy_n january_n 1667._o yet_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v restrict_n his_o action_n to_o damnage_v and_o interest_n but_o will_v desert_v the_o diet_n as_o to_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n it_o may_v be_v sustain_v 5._o that_o the_o case_n be_v very_o intricat_a as_o in_o a_o pursuit_n of_o theft-boot_n which_o be_v advocate_n from_o the_o sheriff-deput_a of_o invernesse_n eo_fw-la ex_fw-la capite_fw-la member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n also_o pretend_v that_o they_o can_v be_v pursue_v before_o any_o other_o court_n because_o this_o will_v draw_v they_o from_o attend_v the_o session_n but_o the_o act_n 39_o pa._n 6._o q._n m._n whereon_o this_o be_v found_v seem_v only_o to_o hold_v in_o remove_n so_o that_o no_o action_n concern_v remove_n shall_v be_v advocate_n but_o in_o these_o case_n viz._n deadly_a fead_z where_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a be_v party_n or_o the_o defender_n a_o member_n of_o the_o session_n and_o yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v extend_v to_o all_o advocation_n but_o they_o can_v advocate_n from_o the_o justice_n court_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o first_o libel_n which_o be_v advocate_v must_v find_v caution_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la to_o insist_v in_o the_o pursuit_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v desert_v the_o diet_n which_o caution_n be_v necessary_a because_o the_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o caution_n be_v find_v be_v alter_v and_o neither_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi nor_o his_o cautioner_n be_v bind_v to_o insist_v before_o any_o other_o court_n the_o defender_n likewise_o of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o who_o raise_v the_o advocation_n be_v obliedge_v to_o renew_v his_o caution_n that_o he_o will_v under_o the_o law_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v imprison_v he_o the_o taiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n mus_fw-la intimate_fw-la to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o principal_a cause_n that_o he_o have_v raise_v a_o advocation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o say_v pursuer_fw-mi may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v at_o the_o day_n to_o which_o the_o advocation_n be_v raise_v and_o when_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi before_o the_o court_n from_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o raiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n shall_v intimate_fw-la to_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v in_o the_o justice-court_n what_o the_o procurator_n fiskal_n be_v in_o inferior_a court_n the_o office_n of_o both_o be_v to_o pursue_v vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la v._o the_o old_a custom_n be_v as_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n judge_v all_o the_o advocation_n which_o be_v raise_v in_o criminal_a cause_n from_o inferior_a judge_n even_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o very_o judicious_a lawyer_n do_v yet_o hold_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v judge_v whether_o they_o be_v competent_a judge_n in_o cause_n advocate_v from_o inferior_a criminal_a court_n but_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v cognosce_fw-la whether_o the_o cause_n shall_v be_v advocate_n and_o if_o they_o sustain_v the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n that_o they_o shall_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o court_n from_o which_o it_o be_v advocate_v if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v not_o relevant_a for_o they_o think_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n of_o their_o own_o competency_n but_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v supreme_a and_o sovereign_a judge_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o many_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o session_n also_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n especial_o since_o these_o reason_n of_o advocation_n do_v very_o frequent_o do_v upon_o subtlety_n of_o the_o criminal_a law_n and_o can_v be_v well_o judge_v but_o by_o such_o as_o understand_v that_o law_n exact_o as_o for_o instance_n i_o have_v see_v a_o advocation_n raise_v of_o a_o libel_n in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n from_o before_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n court_n upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o accusation_n be_v for_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a which_o be_v treason_n in_o our_o law_n to_o the_o which_o crime_n of_o treason_n none_o but_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o which_o advocation_n these_o point_n be_v necessary_o debate_v 1._o whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n to_o treason_n 2._o whether_o though_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n found_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o statutory_a treason_n 3._o whether_o though_o burn_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v treason_n by_o statute_n yet_o if_o drown_v of_o it_o fall_v under_o that_o statute_n all_o which_o point_n be_v indagationis_fw-la criminalis_fw-la and_o these_o who_o can_v judge_v such_o point_n may_v judge_v any_o criminal_a case_n likeas_n both_o by_o the_o old_a and_o new_a stile_n of_o advocation_n raise_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o criminal_a court_n the_o letter_n bear_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o consider_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o immediate_o upon_o the_o advocation_n caution_n be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n and_o to_o answer_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o justice_n have_v be_v in_o constant_a possession_n of_o judge_v such_o reason_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v not_o judge_n to_o crime_n yet_o the_o case_n of_o competency_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n be_v mere_o civil_a and_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v proper_a to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o lord_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v nor_o just_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o this_o case_n be_v civil_a yet_o it_o have_v so_o necessary_a a_o contingency_n with_o what_o be_v criminal_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v divide_v since_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o advocation_n wherein_o their_o own_o â—urisdiction_n be_v controvert_v why_o shall_v this_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v a_o part_n of_o themselves_o and_o such_o supreme_a judge_n be_v above_o suspicion_n especial_o since_o they_o can_v gain_v nothing_o by_o their_o jurisdiction_n title_n xviii_o of_o inquisition_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o inquisition_n and_o when_o it_o be_v competent_a 2._o the_o king_n and_o party_n may_v pursue_v separat_o 3._o citation_n super_fw-la inquirendis_fw-la when_o competent_a i._o when_o a_o crime_n be_v commit_v the_o council_n or_o the_o justice_n do_v of_o old_a take_v a_o previous_a inquisition_n of_o it_o by_o examine_v witness_n and_o take_v such_o other_o information_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o these_o deposition_n and_o examination_n be_v call_v informationes_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n but_o though_o they_o may_v examine_v witness_n before_o the_o intent_v of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n yet_o after_o it_o be_v once_o intent_a the_o justice_n find_v the_o 8._o of_o january_n 1672._o that_o they_o can_v not_o examine_v witness_n for_o the_o inquisition_n end_v by_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o pursuit_n &_o ubi_fw-la incipit_fw-la accusatio_fw-la desinit_fw-la inquisitio_fw-la the_o doctor_n be_v very_o profuse_a on_o this_o subject_n but_o i_o shall_v only_o excerpt_v from_o they_o what_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o our_o form_n and_o practice_n they_o define_v inquisition_n to_o be_v a_o information_n of_o the_o crime_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n own_o authority_n &_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o they_o divide_v it_o in_o a_o general_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v of_o the_o crime_n in_o general_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o particular_a informer_n or_o defender_n and_o a_o special_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v against_o a_o particular_a person_n of_o who_o guilt_n they_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o judge_n can_v proceed_v against_o any_o private_a
the_o sheriff_n shall_v still_o find_v caution_n to_o insist_v but_o with_o we_o those_o ubi_fw-la svam_fw-la vel_fw-la suarum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la prosequuntur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la in_o anticategoriis_fw-la the_o accuser_n must_v still_o find_v caution_n wherein_o we_o do_v very_o reasonable_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o defender_n be_v as_o much_o prejudge_v and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o trouble_v if_o these_o pretext_n be_v allow_v to_o palliate_v the_o pursuer_n malice_n as_o general_o he_o can_v be_v in_o other_o case_n in_o this_o likewise_o we_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n for_o his_o compearance_n which_o he_o be_v command_v to_o do_v by_o the_o letter_n by_o which_o the_o messenger_n be_v command_v to_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n if_o within_o six_o day_n after_o the_o summons_n be_v execute_v against_o he_o he_o find_v not_o caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a which_o caution_n though_o it_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v not_o intimate_fw-la to_o the_o messenger_n the_o messenger_n may_v still_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n for_o not_o find_v of_o caution_n and_o though_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o the_o advocate_n may_v pursue_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o private_a party_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n na_o in_o eo_fw-la non_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la calumnia_fw-la yet_o the_o advocate_n in_o our_o practic_n do_v ordinary_o oblige_v his_o informer_n to_o find_v caution_n else_o he_o refuse_v he_o his_o concourse_n if_o the_o accuser_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v calumnious_a or_o as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o in_o the_o wrong_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o party_n a_o unlaw_n of_o ten_o pound_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 6._o act_n and_o if_o there_o be_v more_o deed_n than_o one_o he_o be_v liable_a in_o twenty_o pound_n and_o likewise_o to_o pay_v the_o defender_n expense_n act_n 78._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 6._o which_o act_v speak_v only_o of_o not_o prevail_v though_o there_o be_v no_o malice_n and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la litigandi_fw-la but_o if_o their_o pursuit_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o inflict_v what_o punishment_n they_o please_v either_o in_o that_o same_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v absolve_v or_o upon_o a_o separate_a bill_n or_o pursuit_n as_o also_o he_o be_v by_o the_o justice_n constant_o ordain_v to_o pay_v what_o damnage_n and_o interest_n or_o expense_n the_o justice_n please_v both_o to_o the_o party_n and_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o albeit_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n fisci_fw-la non_fw-la praesumebatur_fw-la calumniosus_fw-la yet_o si_fw-fr procurator_n fiscalis_fw-la calumniose_fw-la instigat_fw-la judicem_fw-la ad_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la tenetur_fw-la in_o damna_fw-la actione_n injuriarum_fw-la &_o concremari_fw-la debet_fw-la l._n universi_fw-la c._n ubi_fw-la causa_fw-la fiscal_v etc._n etc._n and_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n hodie_fw-la &_o judex_fw-la &_o procurator_n fisci_fw-la affectate_v consequentes_fw-la crimen_fw-la extraordinary_a sunt_fw-la punendi_fw-la q._n ix_o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o because_o many_o poor_a person_n be_v malicious_o or_o ignorant_o imprison_v that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o edinburgh_n shall_v imprison_v none_o but_o where_o one_o shall_v find_v caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o insist_v against_o they_o and_o to_o aliment_v they_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v appoint_v a_o procurator_n dwell_v within_o edinburgh_n to_o who_o the_o justice_n might_n intimate_fw-la when_o they_o desire_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n insist_v the_o 5._o of_o july_n 1661._o which_o shall_v be_v do_v and_o exp_v very_o speedy_o and_o for_o this_o end_n the_o bishop_n be_v appoint_v to_o visit_v the_o prison_n every_o friday_n and_o wednesday_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d celeriter_fw-la judicari_fw-la basil._n l._n 21._o the_o custod_a reor_fw-la title_n xx._n of_o advocat_n and_o procurator_n 1._o whether_o a_o procurator_n shall_v be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o his_o absence_n 2._o his_o majesty_n advocate_n may_v deput_n when_o he_o be_v pursuer_fw-mi he_o have_v also_o other_o privilege_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n procurator_n be_v admit_v in_o defence_n 4._o what_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v allow_v in_o criminal_n the_o doctor_n make_v a_o difference_n inter_fw-la simplicem_fw-la allegatorem_fw-la who_o can_v only_o propon_n what_o be_v nottour_n as_o that_o the_o party_n cite_v be_v know_v to_o be_v sick_a &_o procuratorem_fw-la who_o must_v have_v a_o mandat_fw-la and_o may_v propon_n declinator_n or_o dilator_n &_o defensorem_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la who_o not_o only_o can_v propon_n dilator_n but_o may_v likewise_o defend_v et_fw-la advocatus_fw-la semper_fw-la neputatur_fw-la defensor_fw-la and_o needs_o no_o mandat_fw-la but_o his_o gown_n be_v his_o warrant_n and_o yet_o in_o criminal_n he_o must_v have_v a_o procuratory_n i._o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n be_v neither_o admit_v to_o pursue_v nor_o defend_v l._n ult_n §_o ad_fw-la crimen_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n jud_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o most_o nation_n a_o procurator_n be_v admit_v to_o pursue_v for_o paena_fw-la talionis_fw-la be_v now_o take_v away_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n the_o pursuer_n personal_a presence_n be_v requisite_a clar._n fin_n quest_n 14._o n._n 22._o the_o defender_n must_v still_o be_v present_a ne_fw-la judicium_fw-la reddatur_fw-la elusorium_fw-la with_o we_o procurator_n be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o yet_o this_o appear_v not_o to_o want_v difficulty_n for_o if_o the_o defender_n shall_v desire_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v swear_v the_o libel_n the_o diet_n will_v desert_n if_o this_o be_v refuse_v by_o the_o procurator_n and_o though_o in_o civilibus_fw-la a_o day_n may_v be_v take_v to_o produce_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n we_o call_v swear_v the_o libel_n in_o criminal_n yet_o see_v all_o criminal_a diet_n be_v peremptor_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o day_n allow_v to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a but_o he_o shall_v be_v present_a for_o else_o the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v from_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n such_o as_o be_v the_o pursuer_n oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi himself_z be_v present_a and_o refuse_v no_o pursuit_n will_v be_v sustain_v at_o his_o instance_n likea_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v present_v it_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o his_o oath_n that_o he_o give_v the_o witness_n good_a deed_n or_o that_o he_o know_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v alibi_fw-la by_o all_o which_o it_o will_v seem_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v still_o be_v present_a yet_o this_o be_v express_o repel_v 4._o august_n 1652._o where_o ballindalloch_n be_v pursue_v john_n grant_v but_o there_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o ballindalloch_n be_v one_o of_o the_o pursuer_n himself_o and_o the_o remanent_fw-la be_v his_o servant_n ii_o albeit_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o most_o case_n yet_o he_o use_v ordinary_o to_o constitute_v a_o deput_n who_o shall_v produce_v a_o write_a warrant_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n else_o can_v be_v admit_v and_o this_o deput_n can_v desert_v a_o diet_n though_o his_o procuratory_n do_v not_o instruct_v he_o with_o a_o particular_a power_n for_o that_o effect_n 29._o november_n 1638._o mr._n george_n norvel_v procurator_n for_o mr._n john_n rollo_n which_o be_v constant_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n use_v not_o to_o pursue_v a_o summons_n of_o treason_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n under_o his_o majesty_n hand_n or_o a_o particular_a order_n from_o the_o council_n which_o he_o use_v to_o produce_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la and_o be_v still_o mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o all_o adjournal_n book_n but_o particular_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o ochiltree_n and_o balmerinoch_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n with_o we_o examine_v party_n and_o witness_n before_o the_o process_n be_v intent_a which_o he_o do_v upon_o pretext_n that_o he_o may_v thereby_o know_v how_o to_o libel_v exact_o and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v not_o vex_v party_n if_o he_o find_v no_o ground_n for_o the_o pursuit_n but_o many_o learned_a lawyer_n have_v always_o think_v this_o procedur_n dangerous_a for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v still_o a_o party_n interest_v and_o so_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o deal_v with_o the_o witness_n for_o thereby_o he_o may_v strain_v from_o they_o what_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o depon_n and_o if_o in_o our_o last_o reformation_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n shall_v not_o make_v the_o roll_n of_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v too_o much_o interest_v much_o
or_o otherwise_o the_o pain_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o there_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v by_o his_o petition_n determine_v the_o same_o but_o must_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n l._n 1._o §_o quorum_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la s._n c._n turpil_n l._n ff_o de_fw-fr private_a delicti_fw-la l._n ordine_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la unicipalem_fw-la and_o in_o the_o form_n set_v down_o l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr accusatio_fw-la by_o paulus_n there_o be_v no_o conclusion_n express_v but_o yet_o with_o we_o there_o be_v always_o a_o conclusion_n in_o every_o libel_n though_o it_o be_v general_a and_o i_o perceive_v that_o most_o of_o the_o practitioner_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o at_o least_o a_o general_a conclusion_n shall_v be_v add_v iii_o whether_o a_o libel_n be_v libel_v qualificate_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v pass_v from_o the_o quality_n have_v be_v thus_o determine_v by_o lawyer_n that_o if_o the_o quality_n amount_v to_o another_o different_a crime_n it_o can_v be_v pass_v from_o but_o if_o the_o quality_n amount_v only_o to_o a_o aggrage_a circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v pass_v from_o as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi libel_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n and_o subsume_v that_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n under_o trust_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o person_n murder_v be_v father_n to_o the_o murderer_n if_o when_o the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v try_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v declare_v that_o he_o insist_o against_o he_o as_o a_o murderer_n simple_o because_o he_o be_v not_o sure_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o person_n kill_v be_v father_n i_o think_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o so_o reform_v or_o declare_v his_o libel_n for_o that_o make_v the_o crime_n to_o differ_v the_o one_o be_v murder_n the_o other_o treason_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v only_o obliedge_v to_o prepare_v he_o to_o defend_v against_o treason_n and_o find_v that_o he_o be_v secure_a as_o to_o the_o crime_n libel_v he_o need_v not_o prepare_v other_o defence_n or_o raise_v exculpation_n for_o that_o effect_n but_o these_o quality_n which_o amount_v only_o to_o aggravation_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o as_o be_v decide_v 11._o november_n 1672._o for_o aikmaâ—_n have_v pursue_v carnegy_n of_o newgate_n for_o oppression_n conform_v to_o the_o 25._o act_n 4._o parl._n k._n i_o 5._o because_o he_o have_v beat_v he_o who_o be_v a_o magistrate_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o office_n the_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v repute_v a_o magistrate_n because_o he_o have_v not_o take_v the_o declaration_n it_o be_v thereafter_o allege_v that_o the_o libel_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o foresay_a statute_n conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o magistrate_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v against_o oppression_n and_o not_o against_o beat_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v no_o more_o insist_v upon_o that_o libel_n which_o be_v repel_v for_o the_o justice_n find_v that_o the_o beat_v any_o man_n be_v a_o crime_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n insist_v against_o the_o defender_n for_o beat_v he_o since_o his_o be_v a_o magistrate_n be_v only_o a_o aggrage_a circumstance_n yet_o this_o seem_v a_o hard_a decision_n since_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o libel_n do_v not_o bear_v that_o beat_v be_v punishable_a nor_o do_v the_o conclusion_n bear_v that_o at_o least_o the_o panel_n be_v punishable_a for_o beat_v a_o free_a liege_n &_o if_o this_o be_v universal_o allow_v alternative_a libel_n be_v unnecessary_a and_o this_o will_v occasion_v much_o looseness_n in_o criminal_a libel_n whereas_o lawyer_n treat_v of_o criminal_a libel_n have_v lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la vagare_fw-la and_o the_o crime_n of_o oppression_n and_o beat_v be_v different_a nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o a_o private_a person_n differ_v from_o a_o magistrate_n so_o that_o this_o quality_n make_v the_o person_n the_o crime_n and_o the_o medium_n concludendi_fw-la to_o differ_v iv._o for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o our_o custom_n in_o these_o case_n i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o form_n both_o of_o the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o criminal_a indictment_n now_o in_o use_n with_o we_o a_o criminal_a summons_n charles_n etc._n etc._n humble_o mean_v and_o complain_v to_o we_o by_o our_o lovit_n a._n the_o relict_n b._n sister_n daughter_n and_o near_a kinswoman_n c._n as_o mr._n with_o the_o remanent_fw-la kin_n of_o umquhile_n main_n servant_n to_o the_o say_v c._n and_o our_o right_a trusty_a and_o well_o belove_a councillor_n our_o advocate_n for_o our_o interest_n in_o the_o matter_n underwrite_v upon_o listoun_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n offence_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o he_o by_o the_o say_a umquhile_n man_n have_v conceive_v a_o deadly_a hatred_n and_o evil_a will_n against_o he_o with_o a_o settle_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n to_o bereave_v he_o of_o his_o life_n one_o way_n or_o another_o late_o upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o 〈…〉_z where_o the_o say_a main_n be_v in_o quiet_a and_o sober_a manner_n for_o the_o time_n expect_v no_o harm_n injury_n nor_o pursuit_n of_o any_o person_n but_o to_o have_v live_v under_o god_n peace_n and_o we_o and_o the_o say_v listoun_n being_n bodden_fw-mi with_o a_o great_a batton_n or_o ring_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o with_o knife_n and_o other_o invasive_a weapon_n first_o upbraid_v the_o say_a main_n with_o word_n allege_v that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a thief_n and_o have_v steal_v etc._n etc._n and_o thereafter_o because_o the_o say_a main_n have_v purge_v himself_o of_o that_o calumny_n and_o say_v he_o be_v as_o honest_a a_o man_n as_o himself_o he_o thereupon_o run_v and_o rush_v the_o say_a main_n be_v a_o age_a man_n of_o 74._o year_n of_o age_n to_o the_o ground_n under_o his_o foot_n strike_v he_o in_o the_o head_n craig_n shoulder_n and_o side_n with_o the_o say_v batton_n lap_n upon_o his_o breast_n and_o belly_n with_o his_o foot_n and_o knee_n beat_v he_o upon_o the_o heart_n and_o thereby_o break_v and_o bruise_v his_o whole_a entrails_n and_o noble_a part_n thereafter_o hease_v and_o draw_v he_o by_o the_o heel_n off_o the_o said_n land_n by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n to_o a_o low_a vault_n in_o etc._n etc._n and_o imprison_v he_o therein_o tanquam_fw-la in_o privato_fw-la carcere_fw-la he_o be_v in_o the_o dead_a thraw_n likeas_n within_o three_o hour_n after_o his_o imprison_n in_o the_o say_a vault_n the_o poor_a age_a man_n die_v of_o the_o say_n stroke_n and_o hurt_n likea_n to_o suppress_v the_o murder_n the_o say_a listoun_n with_o his_o complice_n bury_v he_o in_o a_o obscure_a place_n in_o the_o night_n time_n and_o swa_o the_o say_a main_n be_v shameful_o and_o cruel_o murder_v and_o slay_v and_o secret_o bury_v by_o the_o say_v listoun_n and_o his_o complice_n and_o he_o be_v art_n and_o part_n thereof_o commit_v upon_o set_a purpose_n and_o provision_n and_o forethought_a felony_n in_o high_a and_o manifest_a contempt_n of_o our_o authority_n and_o law_n in_o evil_a example_n of_o other_o to_o commit_v the_o like_a if_o swa_o be_v our_o will_n be_v herefore_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o our_o name_n and_o authority_n command_n and_o charge_n the_o say_a listoun_n committer_n of_o the_o say_v barbarous_a murder_n in_o manner_n foresay_a to_o come_v and_o find_v sufficient_a caution_n surety_n to_o our_o justice_n clerk_n and_o his_o depute_n act_v in_o our_o book_n of_o adjournal_n that_o he_o shall_v compear_v before_o the_o justice_n or_o his_o depute_n to_o underlye_v the_o law_n for_o the_o samen_n in_o our_o tolbuith_n in_o edinburgh_n on_o the_o day_n 〈…〉_z of_o 〈…〉_z in_o the_o hour_n of_o cause_n under_o the_o pain_n contain_v in_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o you_o charge_v he_o personal_o if_o that_o he_o can_v be_v apprehend_v and_o failze_v thereof_o at_o his_o dwell_a house_n and_o by_o open_a proclamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n stewatry_n or_o regality_n where_o he_o dwell_v to_o come_v and_o find_v the_o say_a soverty_n act_v in_o manner_n foresay_a with_o in_o six_o day_n next_o after_o he_o bee_n charge_v be_v you_o thereto_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o rebellion_n and_o put_v of_o he_o to_o the_o horn_n the_o whilk_fw-mi six_o day_n be_v by_o past_a and_o the_o surety_n not_o be_v find_v that_o you_o immediate_o thereafter_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n and_o put_v he_o to_o our_o horn_n and_o escheat_n and_o in_o bring_v all_o his_o movable_a good_n to_o our_o use_n for_o his_o contemption_n and_o cause_n registrat_n their_o our_o letter_n with_o the_o execution_n thereof_o in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n within_o fifteen_o day_n thereafter_o conform_v to_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n
panel_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o clar._n quest_n 51._o but_o i_o find_v not_o this_o term_n use_v with_o we_o till_o the_o year_n 1661._o at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v use_v first_o in_o argyles_n process_n the_o english_a call_v this_o to_o traverse_v a_o indictment_n from_o the_o french_a word_n traverser_n as_o i_o suppose_v which_o signify_v to_o oppose_v or_o cross_v when_o a_o panel_n before_o that_o time_n be_v pursue_v in_o scotland_n he_o behove_v present_o to_o propon_n his_o defence_n and_o have_v witness_n there_o present_a for_o prove_v it_o or_o else_o he_o behove_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o pursuer_n witness_n for_o our_o ancestor_n think_v that_o the_o pursuer_n witness_n be_v present_a can_v not_o but_o know_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n exact_o and_o so_o be_v as_o fit_a to_o prove_v the_o exculpation_n as_o the_o libel_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o witness_n may_v have_v be_v present_a when_o the_o wound_n be_v give_v who_o be_v not_o present_a at_o the_o beginning_n when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o wound_n be_v give_v whereupon_o the_o exculpation_n of_o self-defence_n be_v found_v so_o that_o other_o witness_n be_v ofttimes_o necessary_a beside_o these_o adduce_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o presume_v that_o these_o will_v come_v without_o a_o citation_n or_o if_o they_o come_v without_o a_o citation_n they_o be_v ultroniâ—_n and_o so_o be_v suspect_v in_o anno_fw-la 1661._o the_o justice_n do_v begin_v to_o grant_v precept_n of_o exculpation_n which_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o clerk_n and_o express_v that_o in_o respect_n there_o be_v a_o pursuit_n of_o such_o a_o nature_n intend_v against_o such_o a_o man_n and_o that_o he_o have_v defence_n to_o propon_n here_o the_o defence_n be_v express_v therefore_o the_o justice_n grant_v warrant_v to_o he_o to_o cite_v witness_n for_o prove_v thereof_o etc._n etc._n that_o this_o precept_n be_v subscribe_v only_o by_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n yet_o thereafter_o in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o a_o formal_a summons_n pass_v under_o the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o cite_v witness_n for_o exculpation_n and_o they_o be_v call_v now_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n which_o contain_v the_o defence_n as_o former_o the_o precept_n do_v but_o because_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o scruple_n to_o pass_v such_o bill_n therefore_o the_o justice_n first_o consider_v the_o defence_n and_o if_o they_o find_v it_o probable_a they_o use_v to_o subscribe_v the_o warrant_n for_o a_o bill_n which_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n among_o the_o common_a bill_n and_o that_o bill_n be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o letter_n when_o the_o panel_n be_v accuse_v and_o the_o libel_n read_v his_o advocate_n do_v propon_n the_o defence_n or_o exculpation_n v_o g._n if_o the_o libel_n be_v murder_n the_o defence_n be_v inculpata_fw-la tutela_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o the_o defence_n be_v debate_v and_o either_o admit_v or_o repel_v by_o a_o express_a signator_n of_o process_n than_o the_o witness_n be_v according_o admit_v if_o the_o justice_n refuse_v to_o pass_v a_o warrant_n for_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n the_o defender_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v thereby_o prejudge_v but_o the_o diet_n will_v be_v continue_v till_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v find_v in_o my_o lord_n rentoun_v case_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o wedderburn_n december_n 1669._o and_o though_o the_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n shall_v be_v execute_v to_o the_o same_o diet_n with_o the_o principal_a summons_n yet_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v it_o reasonable_a they_o may_v continue_v the_o diet_n and_o allow_v a_o competent_a time_n for_o raise_v exculpation_n as_o they_o do_v 13._o july_n 1676._o in_o a_o case_n pursue_v by_o mackintosh_n against_o grant_n for_o in_o remote_a shire_n the_o defender_n have_v not_o time_n to_o raise_v and_o execute_v exculpation_n to_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n in_o the_o principal_a cause_n the_o ordinary_a defence_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o respectiv_a title_n to_o which_o they_o relate_v and_o it_o will_v swell_v too_o much_o and_o too_o unnecessary_o this_o title_n to_o repeat_v they_o here_o ii_o it_o be_v ordinary_o reply_v to_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n that_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o pursuer_n libel_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o probation_n and_o thus_o mr._n william_n sumervel_v be_v pursue_v for_o murder_v of_o bessy_n rentown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a as_o appear_v clear_o to_o many_o who_o see_v the_o same_o immediate_o after_o it_o be_v give_v likeas_n she_o go_v that_o night_n to_o her_o brother_n house_n three_o mile_n on_o foot_n and_o never_o take_v bed_n but_o wrought_v as_o a_o servant_n in_o her_o ordinary_a employment_n for_o twelve_o week_n and_o at_o last_o have_v go_v to_o attend_v her_o brother_n who_o die_v of_o a_o spot_a fever_n she_o be_v by_o he_o infect_v and_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n which_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n be_v repel_v decemb._n 1669._o as_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o libel_v that_o he_o give_v she_o a_o mortal_a wound_n that_o she_o die_v of_o the_o wound_n that_o he_o give_v she_o and_o i_o find_v it_o former_o repel_v 15._o july_n 1642._o cheyn_n against_o mowit_n but_o this_o principle_n viz._n that_o exculpation_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o libel_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v seem_v not_o to_o be_v allowable_a for_o all_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n may_v be_v thereby_o preclude_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n so_o circumstantiat_fw-la his_o libel_n upon_o design_n as_o that_o the_o only_a exculpation_n which_o he_o fear_v behove_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o libel_n and_o since_o in_o scotland_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o precise_o obliedge_v to_o prove_v all_o the_o quality_n which_o he_o libel_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o he_o prove_v the_o libel_n itself_o the_o poor_a defender_n may_v easy_o be_v cheat_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n libel_n all_o the_o circumstance_n exclusive_a of_o the_o exculpation_n which_o he_o fear_v and_o after_o he_o have_v thereby_o exclude_v the_o defence_n he_o may_v contend_v that_o albeit_o the_o quality_n be_v not_o prove_v yet_o the_o fact_n itself_o be_v prove_v it_o be_v sufficient_a 2._o in_o civil_a case_n some_o defence_n be_v admit_v though_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n as_o in_o riot_n before_o the_o council_n and_o in_o spuilzy_n and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v much_o more_o to_o be_v admit_v in_o criminal_a case_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v more_o favourable_a than_o he_o be_v in_o civil_a case_n 3._o if_o this_o principle_n do_v general_o hold_v than_o self-defence_n and_o casual_a homicide_n can_v never_o be_v allow_v as_o exculpation_n for_o both_o these_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n use_v in_o the_o case_n of_o homicide_n which_o bear_v still_o premeditation_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o difference_n that_o which_o i_o find_v more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n in_o these_o indigested_a discourse_n which_o the_o doctor_n make_v upon_o this_o subject_a may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o where_o the_o defence_n iâ—_n not_o absolute_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n it_o ought_v only_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o probation_n 2._o though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n yet_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n a_o conjunct_a probation_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o beside_o the_o former_a reason_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n debate_v very_o learned_o whether_o when_o the_o pursuer_n probation_n of_o the_o libel_n be_v express_o contrary_a to_o the_o probation_n lead_v by_o the_o defender_n the_o pursuer_n or_o defender_n probation_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v bossius_n tit_n defence_n reor_fw-la which_o question_n be_v needless_a if_o a_o mutual_a probation_n be_v not_o allow_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o boss._n there_o advise_v the_o defender_n capitulare_fw-la directe_v contrarium_fw-la ejus_fw-la quod_fw-la libellatur_fw-la and_o when_o the_o probation_n differ_v the_o ordinary_a rule_n to_o be_v follow_v be_v that_o 1._o the_o defender_n probation_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v gloss_n in_o cap_n in_o nostris_fw-la detest_v because_o it_o be_v admit_v by_o the_o presumption_n that_o nemo_fw-la presumitur_fw-la diliquisse_n boss._n ibid._n but_o if_o the_o probation_n be_v not_o equal_a the_o great_a number_n or_o these_o who_o depon_n what_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o the_o worthy_a person_n ought_v to_o be_v believe_v boss._n ibid._n how_o far_o this_o doctrine_n be_v allow_v by_o our_o practic_n will_v appear_v from_o a_o case_n decide_v in_o jun_n 1670._o in_o which_o william_n mackie_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a hoom_n in_o a_o single_a combat_n
probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assizer_n 10._o the_o assize_n after_o enclosure_n can_v speak_v to_o no_o man_n 11._o how_o the_o assize_n ought_v to_o proceed_v after_o they_o be_v enclose_v 12._o wilful_a error_n in_o assiser_n how_o punish_v and_o by_o who_o i._o all_z judgement_n be_v at_o first_o pronounce_v by_o neighbour_n and_o thus_o among_o the_o roman_n be_v centum_fw-la viralia_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o among_o the_o feudalist_n pares_fw-la curie_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o place_n of_o which_o last_o come_v our_o assize_n in_o france_n england_n and_o scotland_n they_o be_v call_v a_o condign_a inquest_n because_o these_o shall_v be_v pares_fw-la â—uriae_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la condigni_fw-la the_o word_n assize_n be_v original_o french_a and_o signify_v proper_o sit_v or_o session_n les_fw-fr assize_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr grands_fw-fr jours_fw-fr plaids_n solemnel_n roy_fw-fr charles_n anno._n 1413._o vid._n judicem_fw-la regean_n verb._n assize_n where_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o assize_n in_o french_a signify_v a_o judicator_n and_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v often_o take_v for_o a_o constitution_n or_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v by_o that_o session_n or_o sit_v of_o the_o judge_n and_o thus_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n david_n be_v call_v assisa_fw-la regis_fw-la davidis_fw-la and_o assisa_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n assisa_n be_v likewise_o sometime_o call_v a_o measour_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v say_v ja._n 3._o pa._n 14._o cap._n 110._o that_o the_o barrel_n shall_v contain_v the_o assize_n and_o measour_n of_o 14._o gallon_n and_o the_o assisa_fw-la halâ—cum_fw-la or_o assize_n of_o herring_n signify_v a_o certain_a quantity_n and_o measure_n of_o herring_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o custom_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 15._o cap._n 237._o and_o in_o the_o french_a law_n it_o signify_v a_o tax_n also_o regean_n ibid._n but_o the_o proper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n assize_n as_o it_o be_v now_o determine_v by_o custom_n be_v to_o signify_v those_o who_o be_v choose_v by_o our_o law_n to_o determine_v either_o in_o civil_a or_o criminal_a case_n the_o matter_n of_o probation_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n neither_o proper_o judge_n nor_o witness_n but_o both_o ii_o for_o the_o more_o exact_a clear_n of_o the_o office_n of_o assizer_n in_o criminal_a case_n the_o reader_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o libel_n always_o beat_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v summon_v a_o assize_n not_o exceed_v forty_o five_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v give_v up_o in_o a_o roll_n to_o the_o messenger_n and_o shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi which_o roll_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o execution_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 6._o cap._n â—6_n but_o albeit_o this_o act_n appoint_v that_o the_o roll_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v as_o valid_a though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o he_o if_o he_o homologat_v and_o ratify_v the_o execution_n give_v in_o by_o the_o messenger_n albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o summond_v of_o assize_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la not_o lawful_a see_v it_o want_v a_o warrant_n this_o subscribe_v list_v be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o summons_n itself_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o warrant_n as_o also_o albeit_o by_o the_o act_n the_o messenger_n be_v prohibit_v to_o cite_v any_o more_o than_o forty_o five_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n yet_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la declare_v thereby_o to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o by_o that_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o upon_o supplication_n the_o lord_n may_v allow_v more_o person_n to_o be_v cite_v then_o forty_o five_o why_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v have_v have_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o inquest_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o if_o assizer_n may_v judge_v ex_fw-la propria_fw-la scientia_fw-la it_o will_v appear_v that_o to_o allow_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o choice_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v to_o put_v the_o defender_n absolute_o in_o his_o will_n and_o i_o find_v that_o gail_n l._n 2._o ob_n 34._o conclude_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o place_n allow_v domino_fw-la electionem_fw-la parium_fw-la pares_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la signify_v assizer_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la quodam_fw-la modo_fw-la judex_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la causa_fw-la nam_fw-la est_fw-la procul_fw-la dubio_fw-la eos_fw-la electurus_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la se_fw-la victoria_fw-la potiturum_fw-la sperat_fw-la alvarot_n ad_fw-la cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr contrav_fw-mi send_v to_o which_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n and_o practic_n that_o 1._o where_o the_o advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o he_o will_v be_v most_o just_a and_o that_o he_o will_v proceed_v without_o interest_n or_o malice_n 2._o these_o assizer_n 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likewise_o call_v and_o each_o absent_a assizer_n be_v for_o his_o absence_n fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o their_o unlawe_n be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o composition_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 126._o by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o appoint_v that_o a_o act_n be_v to_o be_v extract_v upon_o their_o say_a absence_n and_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o swearer_n or_o his_o clerk_n within_o six_o day_n thereafter_o that_o letter_n may_v be_v direct_a thereupon_o for_o take_v their_o unlawe_n but_o the_o pain_n of_o ilk_fw-mi absent_a assizer_n at_o a_o justice_n air_n be_v to_o be_v forty_o pound_n ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o cap._n 81._o if_o the_o assizer_n summon_v be_v not_o present_a other_o may_v be_v summon_v at_o the_o bar_n or_o apudacta_fw-la as_o we_o call_v it_o ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 94._o when_o the_o assizer_n be_v call_v fifteen_o of_o they_o be_v mark_v and_o then_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v for_o the_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n must_v be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n ja._n 6._o par._n 1._o cap._n 90._o see_v albeit_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n yet_o since_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o probation_n which_o depend_v much_o upon_o the_o relevancy_n and_o see_v the_o justice_n remit_v several_a defence_n which_o be_v propon_v against_o the_o relevancy_n to_o the_o inquest_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a they_o shall_v hear_v the_o debate_n iii_o the_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n begin_v thus_o it_o be_v allege_v by_o a._n c._n as_o procurator_n for_o the_o panel_n that_o the_o panel_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o etc._n etc._n and_o after_o all_o the_o defence_n be_v discuss_v the_o word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la bear_v that_o the_o justice_n either_o sustain_v or_o repel_v the_o defence_n and_o find_v or_o find_v not_o that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v or_o not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n either_o the_o panel_n confess_v &_o quia_fw-la in_o confessum_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la therefore_o he_o may_v be_v banish_v or_o scourge_v without_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o in_o rutherfoord_v case_n the_o 9_o of_o july_n 1622_o and_o in_o job_n case_n who_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v for_o bigamy_n without_o a_o assize_n 19_o january_n 1650._o but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o panel_n do_v not_o willing_o acquiesce_v to_o the_o punishment_n it_o be_v still_o secure_a to_o put_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v only_o competent_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o the_o inquest_n only_o can_v find_v the_o libel_n prove_v iv._o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a principle_n in_o our_o law_n that_o the_o justice_n
be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o assizer_n to_o the_o probation_n yet_o to_o distinguish_v the_o limit_n of_o their_o different_a cognition_n become_v very_o oft_o difficult_a upon_o these_o two_o account_n 1._o by_o express_v act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 151._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o because_o party_n be_v ofttimes_o frustrate_a of_o justice_n by_o allege_v irrelevancy_n against_o criminal_a libel_n therefore_o when_o the_o person_n complain_v upon_o be_v libel_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n no_o exception_n or_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n of_o the_o libel_n in_o time_n come_v so_o that_o albeit_o the_o great_a debate_n concern_v relevancy_n among_o lawyer_n in_o criminal_a case_n do_v arise_v upon_o these_o common_a place_n cujus_fw-la open_a auxilio_fw-la assistentia_fw-la mandato_fw-la etc._n etc._n ea_fw-la crimina_fw-la erant_fw-la commissa_fw-la and_o from_o what_o circumstance_n these_o can_v be_v infer_v yet_o now_o the_o debate_n upon_o all_o this_o fall_v not_o by_o that_o act_n under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assize_n all_o these_o be_v branch_n and_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n 2._o the_o probation_n require_v ofttimes_o in_o it_o somewhat_o of_o relevancy_n to_o be_v previous_o debate_v as_o for_o instance_n whether_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v bind_v or_o what_o witness_n in_o law_n be_v receiveable_a or_o not_o all_o which_o case_n do_v ofttimes_o confound_v the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n but_o for_o clear_v of_o these_o limit_n their_o follow_a conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o dubio_fw-la all_o that_o concern_v law_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o what_o concern_v fact_n by_o the_o assize_n 2._o regulariter_fw-la all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v recommend_v it_o as_o a_o caution_n to_o advocat_n that_o when_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o assiser_n and_o find_v the_o case_n intricat_fw-la that_o they_o do_v not_o simple_o libel_v that_o such_o person_n be_v art_n and_o part_n but_o that_o they_o libel_v they_o to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o rescue_v the_o malefactor_n etc._n etc._n for_o when_o the_o qualification_n from_o which_o art_n and_o part_n be_v infer_v be_v express_o libel_v the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o inference_n but_o if_o these_o condescend_v not_o that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n than_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o though_o the_o same_o be_v in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la because_o of_o the_o former_a act_n as_o be_v find_v in_o captain_n barclay_v case_n november_n 1668._o where_o they_o refuse_v to_o force_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v quo_fw-la modo_fw-la art_n and_o part_n albeit_o this_o be_v very_o dangerous_a see_v assizer_n be_v ofttimes_o ignorant_a person_n and_o yet_o they_o force_v the_o panel_n to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n and_o will_v not_o refer_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n which_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o probation_n as_o to_o which_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o reason_n of_o disparity_n but_o that_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o case_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o assiser_n whereas_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n as_o to_o the_o other_o but_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o i_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o for_o the_o statutory_a part_n of_o that_o act_n commit_v the_o trial_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o assiser_n seem_v most_o unjust_a see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o commit_v the_o great_a question_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o most_o ignorant_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v to_o put_v a_o sharp_a sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o blind_a man_n and_o the_o reason_n conductive_a of_o this_o act_n specify_v in_o the_o narrative_a be_v likewise_o most_o inept_v and_o no_o way_n illative_a of_o what_o be_v thereby_o statute_v since_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n can_v very_o little_o have_v hinder_v and_o never_o have_v hinder_v justice_n for_o the_o relevancy_n be_v debate_v now_o as_o copious_o as_o before_o that_o act_n with_o this_o only_a difierence_n that_o it_o be_v then_o debate_v before_o judge_n who_o can_v have_v keep_v advocat_n at_o the_o point_n whereas_o now_o it_o be_v debate_v before_o assiser_n who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o bound_v or_o how_o to_o stop_v they_o but_o a_o better_a reason_n for_o this_o law_n have_v be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o allow_v to_o examine_v the_o witness_n and_o so_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o know_v what_o they_o can_v say_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v exact_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o sound_v a_o clear_a condescendency_n in_o art_n and_o part_n until_o he_o hear_v the_o witness_n depon_n and_o see_v the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n therefore_o they_o ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n but_o i_o think_v that_o after_o the_o witness_n have_v depone_v the_o justice_n shall_v still_o determine_v what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n and_o shall_v not_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o as_o they_o be_v found_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o upon_o the_o former_a principle_n that_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o relevancy_n so_o they_o be_v not_o exclude_v therefrae_fw-la by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o only_o ordain_v that_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v no_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n thereof_o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n the_o libel_n shall_v doubtless_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v the_o judge_n when_o he_o hear_v the_o probation_n to_o run_v upon_o rescue_n mandat_fw-la or_o ratihabition_n shall_v tell_v the_o inquest_n what_o act_v in_o law_n do_v infer_v either_o of_o these_o and_o then_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o judge_v if_o these_o act_n which_o he_o declare_v to_o be_v relevant_a be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v much_o fit_a then_o to_o leave_v poor_a ignorant_a assizer_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o advocat_n who_o may_v bias_n they_o by_o their_o repute_n authority_n or_o confidence_n 3._o albeit_o the_o assize_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o probation_n yet_o what_o manner_n of_o probation_n be_v requisite_a belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o the_o justice_n determine_v in_o balcanquels_fw-fr case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o witness_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v perjure_v themselves_o by_o the_o deposition_n of_o other_o witness_n but_o only_o by_o writ_n or_o reexamination_n and_o in_o the_o action_n of_o usury_n pursue_v against_o witherspoon_n march_v 1666._o they_o find_v that_o usurary_n paction_n be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o writ_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o other_o witness_n than_o the_o witness_n insert_v and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n november_n 1667._o they_o find_v that_o the_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a rent_n be_v not_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n please_v he_o may_v desire_v ad_fw-la informandam_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la any_o probation_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v take_v and_o thus_o often_o time_n in_o the_o criminal_a register_n assizer_n have_v cause_v read_v testificat_o from_o chirurgeon_n and_o other_o licet_fw-la regulariter_fw-la testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la est_fw-la credendum_fw-la the_o last_o rule_n be_v that_o before_o the_o assize_n be_v swear_v all_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o after_o they_o be_v swear_v the_o justice_n functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o all_o thereafter_o fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assizer_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la which_o run_v thus_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o libel_n relevant_a notwithstanding_o of_o the_o defence_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o pass_v thereupon_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o their_o difficulty_n i_o wish_v that_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n which_o overture_n seem_v most_o fit_a and_o advantageous_a for_o these_o subsequent_a reason_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o contingency_n betwixt_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v disjoin_v and_o sure_o they_o must_v best_o understand_v what_o probation_n be_v requisite_a who_o have_v consider_v the_o relevancy_n upon_o which_o it_o depend_v and_o for_o
knowledge_n yet_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o principle_n may_v be_v doubt_v upon_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n par_fw-fr 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o assize_n and_o panel_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o private_a knowledge_n of_o assiser_n can_v be_v lay_v to_o be_v lead_v before_o they_o 2._o if_o probation_n be_v lead_v public_o defender_n may_v propon_n interrogator_n whereby_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n may_v be_v more_o full_o clear_v and_o even_o the_o witness_n own_o mistake_n may_v be_v remove_v of_o all_o which_o just_a advantage_n he_o be_v precludit_n by_o that_o principle_n 3._o the_o great_a reason_n why_o by_o the_o act_n probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n be_v because_o in_o law_n it_o be_v presume_v a_o witness_n will_v stand_v more_o in_o awe_n to_o depon_n false_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n than_o otherwise_o for_o which_o cause_n confront_v of_o party_n and_o witness_n among_o themselves_o when_o they_o be_v contrary_a be_v much_o use_v and_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o doctor_n 4._o if_o assiser_n may_v give_v their_o verdict_n upon_o private_a knowledge_n than_o they_o can_v never_o be_v pursue_v for_o error_n because_o if_o private_a knowledge_n be_v the_o rule_n i_o can_v hardly_o understand_v how_o man_n can_v be_v convict_v as_o have_v transgress_v against_o that_o rule_n see_v albeit_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v what_o a_o man_n shall_v know_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o judge_v what_o a_o man_n do_v know_v 5._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o almost_o all_o divine_n and_o nation_n judices_fw-la debent_fw-la judicare_fw-la secundum_fw-la allegata_fw-la &_o probata_fw-la ix_o from_o the_o foresay_a act_n parl._n 11._o ordain_v all_o probation_n to_o be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o assiser_n and_o panel_n it_o may_v be_v deduce_v by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o no_o witness_n shall_v be_v examine_v in_o criminal_o ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la and_o that_o no_o witness_n shall_v be_v examine_v by_o commission_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la the_o probation_n lead_v before_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o repeat_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n before_o who_o nothing_o be_v use_v to_o instruct_v the_o falsehood_n but_o the_o decreet_a of_o improbation_n pronounce_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o falsehood_n their_o sentence_n habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la veritate_fw-la and_o be_v probatio_fw-la probata_fw-la so_o thaâ—_n the_o produce_v of_o it_o be_v the_o lead_n of_o probation_n before_o the_o assize_n this_o privilege_n that_o no_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v but_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o assize_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o by_o the_o panel_n see_v it_o be_v introduce_v in_o his_o favour_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v the_o 9_o of_o march_n 1671._o that_o the_o diet_n can_v not_o be_v continue_v against_o charles_n robertson_n because_o of_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o witness_n see_v he_o be_v content_a to_o stand_v to_o the_o deposition_n former_o take_v but_o they_o cause_v he_o subscribe_v his_o consent_n after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v the_o panel_n advocat_n make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o assize_n wherein_o the_o term_n they_o use_v to_o they_o be_v good_a man_n of_o inquest_n and_o after_o they_o have_v end_v his_o majesty_n advocate_n speak_v but_o there_o be_v no_o duply_n or_o triply_v use_v and_o it_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n which_o privilege_n be_v assume_v likewise_o by_o all_o other_o advocat_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi but_o by_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 1670._o the_o defender_n advocate_n be_v now_o the_o last_o speaker_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n so_o that_o this_o privilege_n hold_v only_o in_o perduellion_n but_o not_o in_o ordinary_a treason_n x._o when_o both_o these_o discourse_n be_v end_v than_o the_o assize_n be_v enclose_v but_o before_o they_o be_v enclose_v they_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o any_o doubt_n for_o if_o after_o enclose_v any_o person_n speak_v to_o they_o or_o if_o any_o of_o they_o come_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v enclose_v until_o the_o verdict_n be_v pronounce_v the_o panel_n be_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la clean_a and_o innocent_a act_n 91._o parl_n 11._o ja._n 6._o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o which_o act_n seem_v to_o be_v fear_v of_o impress_v or_o suborn_v the_o assize_n and_o therefore_o the_o practice_n allow_v assizer_n sometime_o to_o send_v out_o some_o of_o their_o number_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o receive_v information_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o find_v that_o in_o so_o do_v they_o transgress_v not_o this_o act_n as_o in_o kennedy_n case_n august_n 1662._o and_o after_o a_o full_a debate_n upon_o the_o 24._o of_o december_n 1672._o it_o be_v find_v that_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n disclose_v and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o house_n after_o they_o have_v past_o a_o vott_n though_o the_o verdict_n be_v not_o subscribe_v be_v the_o chancellor_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o annul_v the_o verdict_n albeit_o it_o be_v here_o allege_v that_o there_o may_v be_v great_a debate_n upon_o the_o word_v of_o the_o verdict_n and_o so_o the_o assize_n shall_v not_o have_v disclose_v until_o the_o verdict_n be_v subscribe_v by_o this_o act_n likewise_o the_o assizer_n and_o not_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o exception_n against_o the_o verdict_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a decision_n 1672._o wherein_o the_o justice_n find_v that_o themselves_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o any_o such_o alledgeance_n but_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o judge_v the_o probation_n of_o that_o exception_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o assizer_n can_v not_o at_o all_o be_v judge_n thereto_o see_v they_o be_v the_o delinquent_n in_o that_o case_n and_o if_o most_o part_n of_o the_o assize_n have_v disclose_v it_o be_v absurd_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_n to_o their_o own_o delinquency_n at_o that_o time_n the_o lord_n do_v likewise_o declare_v that_o if_o any_o assizer_n shall_v disclose_v before_o the_o vot_n be_v complete_a so_o that_o the_o urdict_n may_v be_v thereupon_o annul_v they_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o justice_n and_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n which_o either_o the_o king_n or_o party_n incur_v so_o that_o assizer_n be_v allow_v to_o speak_v to_o judge_n or_o advocat_n but_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v any_o address_n to_o they_o after_o enclosure_n as_o say_v be_v it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o albeit_o the_o clerk_n be_v discharge_v to_o enter_v in_o where_o the_o assize_n sit_v after_o they_o have_v choose_v their_o chancellor_n yet_o defacto_fw-la the_o clerk_n sit_v still_o with_o they_o and_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a he_o shall_v do_v so_o because_o they_o be_v oft_o ignorant_a and_o unaquant_v with_o the_o form_n and_o procedure_v of_o that_o court_n they_o shall_v have_v some_o person_n to_o regulat_fw-la they_o and_o none_o so_o fit_a to_o do_v it_o as_o the_o clerk_n yet_o by_o the_o late_a regulation_n 1670._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o clerk_n shall_v not_o be_v present_a and_o sure_a the_o clerk_n be_v worth_a ten_o and_o do_v influence_n too_o much_o xi_o after_o the_o assize_n be_v enclose_v they_o choose_v a_o precedent_n who_o be_v call_v chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o proceed_v to_o read_v and_o thereafter_o to_o reason_n upon_o what_o be_v debate_n and_o their_o determination_n be_v call_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o assize_n which_o be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n it_o be_v call_v verdict_n quasi_fw-la veer_fw-la dictum_fw-la and_o sometime_o it_o be_v call_v warda_fw-mi curiae_fw-la quon_n attach_v cap._n ubi_fw-la aliqua_fw-la thereafter_o the_o assizer_n enter_v again_o into_o the_o court_n and_o there_o the_o verdict_n be_v read_v and_o the_o chancellor_n stand_v up_o and_o own_v the_o same_o after_o the_o verdict_n be_v read_v it_o shall_v and_o be_v by_o the_o 9_o act_n of_o regulation_n 1670._o close_v and_o seal_v with_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o of_o so_o many_o of_o their_o number_n as_o the_o chancellor_n shall_v think_v fit_a never_o to_o be_v open_v but_o by_o order_n from_o the_o judge_n of_o which_o verdict_n the_o clerk_n be_v to_o have_v the_o keep_n and_o if_o he_o open_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o be_v depose_v and_o further_o punish_v as_o the_o
judge_n shall_v think_v fit_a it_o be_v think_v of_o old_a that_o assizer_n behove_v present_o to_o determine_v after_o probation_n be_v lead_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o dismiss_v they_o until_o they_o do_v enter_v and_o return_v their_o verdict_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o opinion_n be_v because_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v there_o may_v be_v hazard_n of_o suborn_v the_o assizer_n if_o the_o matter_n be_v continue_v to_o a_o new_a day_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v likewise_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi find_v that_o the_o witness_n which_o he_o have_v lead_v do_v not_o prove_v he_o may_v be_v tempt_v to_o suborn_v other_o and_o i_o think_v this_o opinion_n strong_o found_v but_o yet_o in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o etc._n etc._n a_o baxter_n be_v pursue_v for_o sedition_n the_o justice_n do_v at_o my_o lord_n advocat_n earnest_a solicitation_n dissolve_v the_o court_n after_o probation_n be_v lead_v and_o continue_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o new_a diet_n but_o the_o accusation_n be_v never_o further_o prosecute_v and_o that_o procedure_v be_v think_v mali_fw-la exempli_fw-la yet_o thereafter_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n continue_v a_o assize_n who_o sit_v upon_o macknab_n for_o theft_n for_o not_o be_v clear_a to_o condemn_v upon_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n they_o propose_v the_o case_n after_o they_o be_v enclose_v whereupon_o the_o justice_n continue_v the_o diet_n till_o the_o next_o day_n and_o have_v consult_v the_o council_n they_o thereafter_o find_v the_o confession_n sufficient_a and_o enclose_v the_o assize_n notwithstanding_o of_o this_o objection_n november_n 1669._o xii_o when_o the_o advocate_n close_v his_o discourse_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi he_o protest_v for_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n against_o the_o inquest_n if_o they_o assoilzie_a which_o protestation_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n can_v pursue_v the_o inquest_n for_o error_n if_o this_o protestation_n be_v not_o use_v even_o as_o a_o qualify_a oath_n be_v not_o allow_v except_o it_o be_v protest_v for_o and_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o lady_n and_o laird_n of_o milntoun_n if_o a_o reprobator_n can_v be_v raise_v where_o the_o party_n laese_v protest_v not_o for_o it_o see_v protestation_n be_v such_o solemn_a act_n as_o the_o law_n require_v in_o such_o case_n and_o they_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o superfluous_a if_o what_o be_v protest_v for_o can_v be_v allow_v without_o be_v protest_v for_o and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o such_o protestation_n be_v competent_a do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la pass_v from_o his_o right_n and_o seem_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v if_o he_o use_v they_o not_o vid._n durand_n specul_fw-la do_fw-mi reprobat_fw-la in_o initio_fw-la but_o this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v yet_o the_o lord_n incline_v to_o allow_v a_o reprobature_n if_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o though_o no_o protestation_n be_v use_v and_o i_o believe_v that_o action_n of_o error_n may_v be_v raise_v though_o it_o be_v not_o protest_v for_o if_o the_o verdict_n be_v quarrellable_n though_o a_o protestation_n be_v both_o more_o secure_a and_o formal_a and_o real_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v see_v the_o inquest_n be_v by_o that_o solemn_a denunciation_n and_o intimation_n warn_v of_o their_o hazard_n and_o their_o error_n because_o it_o become_v thereby_o more_o wilful_a than_o otherways_o it_o will_v be_v a_o summons_n of_o error_n be_v always_o raise_v in_o latin_a and_o upon_o parchment_n and_o be_v direct_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n wilful_a error_n be_v that_o crime_n which_o assizer_n commit_v in_o pronounce_v a_o unjust_a verdict_n and_o by_o our_o law_n a_o assize_n condemn_v can_v be_v pursue_v tanquam_fw-la temere_fw-la jurantes_fw-la supra_fw-la asisa_fw-la as_o be_v common_o believe_v by_o the_o 63._o act_n 8._o par._n ja._n 3._o the_o reason_n of_o which_o opinion_n may_v be_v three_o 1._o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o indifferent_a person_n will_v condemn_v a_o innocent_a out_o of_o feid_v or_o favour_n though_o there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o be_v jealous_a that_o they_o may_v be_v induce_v out_o of_o either_o pity_n or_o clemency_n to_o assoilzie_a from_o a_o crime_n full_o prove_v 2._o no_o person_n will_v be_v find_v to_o go_v upon_o a_o assize_n if_o they_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o condemn_v 3._o the_o penalty_n of_o such_o as_o temere_fw-la jurarunt_fw-la super_fw-la asisam_fw-la be_v only_a confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_a good_n cap._n 14._o lib._n regiam_fw-la maje_fw-fr whereas_o death_n will_v be_v ofttimes_o the_o punishment_n if_o such_o as_o condemn_a may_v be_v punish_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o assizer_n do_v condemn_v a_o innocent_a without_o any_o probation_n or_o by_o palpable_a iniquity_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o may_v be_v punish_v and_o my_o reason_n for_o this_o opinion_n be_v 1._o that_o else_o the_o people_n will_v be_v state_v in_o a_o very_a unfortunat_a condition_n if_o not_o only_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v condemn_v upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o any_o two_o man_n but_o likewise_o to_o the_o arbitrariness_n of_o a_o assize_n who_o may_v condemn_v without_o any_o clear_a probation_n 2._o assizer_n be_v judge_n and_o witness_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v liable_a to_o all_o the_o error_n for_o which_o these_o be_v accountable_a but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n condemn_v unjust_o or_o if_o a_o person_n be_v condemn_v upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o any_o witness_n who_o depones_fw-la false_o that_o judge_n or_o witness_v so_o depon_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o capital_a punishment_n why_o then_o shall_v a_o assizer_n be_v exempt_v see_v there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n upon_o which_o he_o can_v found_v that_o exemption_n and_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v contend_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o be_v not_o conclude_v see_v else_o it_o may_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n be_v conclude_v that_o no_o judge_n or_o witness_v can_v be_v pursue_v when_o they_o condemn_v unjust_o see_v omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la bone_fw-la at_o least_o perjury_n shall_v never_o be_v punish_v in_o a_o witness_n nor_o injustice_n in_o a_o judge_n decide_v unjust_o and_o by_o that_o unjust_a decision_n murder_v the_o person_n pannel_v before_o they_o because_o forsooth_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o a_o witness_n or_o judge_n will_v murder_v a_o innocent_a by_o their_o sentence_n or_o deposition_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o all_o man_n may_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n upon_o their_o peril_n and_o thus_o assizer_n be_v force_v though_o there_o be_v hazard_v also_o in_o assoilze_v and_o witness_n be_v force_v though_o there_o be_v great_a hazard_n in_o perjury_n if_o they_o depon_n false_o to_o the_o three_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o need_v no_o law_n to_o punish_v assiâ—ers_n condemn_v unjust_o see_v they_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o particular_a statute_n to_o punish_v such_o as_o assoilzy_v unjust_o both_o because_o the_o common_a law_n be_v not_o so_o express_v as_o to_o this_o and_o because_o man_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a hazard_n in_o it_o this_o error_n in_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o a_o great_a assize_n of_o twenty_o five_o noble_a person_n act_n 63._o parl._n 8._o ja._n 3._o but_o the_o person_n assoilzy_v be_v to_o be_v free_a ibid._n and_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la of_o the_o session_n anno_fw-la 1591._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o land_a gentleman_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o pass_v upon_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o they_o be_v of_o quality_n and_o estate_n inferior_a to_o the_o panel_n and_o wilful_a error_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o this_o case_n quaelibet_fw-la probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la ignorantiae_fw-la excusat_fw-la spot_n do_fw-mi retour_n ker_n against_o hartwood-mire_n and_o by_o the_o 47._o act_n par._n 6._o ja._n 3._o it_o appear_v that_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v adduce_v to_o infer_v this_o action_n of_o error_n but_o what_o be_v at_o first_o produce_v the_o time_n of_o their_o verdict_n whereas_o any_o probation_n may_v be_v adduce_v in_o fortification_n of_o the_o verdict_n quarrel_v tantus_fw-la est_fw-la favour_n innocentiae_fw-la the_o punishment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o a_o asssize_n of_o error_n be_v the_o escheat_v of_o the_o movable_n and_o a_o year_n imprisonment_n cap._n 14._o l._n 1._o reg._n maj._n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 47._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o wilful_a or_o ignorant_a assizer_n shall_v be_v
severus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr pâ—nis_fw-la d._n severus_fw-la rescripsit_fw-la confessiones_fw-la reorum_fw-la pro_fw-la exploratis_fw-la criminibus_fw-la haberi_fw-la non_fw-la aporteri_fw-la and_o when_o the_o eclog._n say_v cap._n 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d suitable_a to_o l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr confessis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d qui_fw-la servum_fw-la occisum_fw-la intermisse_fw-la se_fw-la fatctur_n licet_fw-la non_fw-la occiderit_fw-la ex_fw-la confesso_fw-la tenetur_fw-la this_o be_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v that_o a_o man_n past_o 21._o may_v be_v execute_v upon_o his_o own_o confession_n without_o inquire_v whether_o what_o he_o confess_v be_v true_a but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o confessor_n can_v prove_v he_o confess_v what_o be_v false_a he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v repon_v title_n xxv_o probation_n by_o oath_n by_o write_n and_o by_o presumption_n 1._o in_o what_o case_n be_v a_o panel_n oblige_v to_o give_v his_o oath_n 2._o whether_o a_o panel_n be_v oblige_v to_o deponâ—_n when_o the_o judge_n declare_v that_o his_o depon_n shall_v not_o inferâ—_n a_o corporal_a punishment_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n can_v crime_n be_v prove_v by_o write_n and_o whether_o a_o write_v that_o be_v null_n can_v prove_v a_o crime_n 4._o how_o far_o can_v a_o crime_n be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n i._o probation_n by_o oath_n be_v not_o regular_o admit_v in_o criminal_a case_n for_o the_o pursuer_n oath_n be_v never_o probative_a even_o in_o civil_a case_n except_o it_o be_v adduce_v in_o supplement_n but_o the_o oath_n of_o supplement_n by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v use_v upon_o no_o occasion_n in_o criminal_o neither_o be_v the_o defender_n force_v to_o give_v his_o oath_n in_o criminal_o as_o he_o be_v in_o civil_a case_n both_o because_o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o force_v a_o man_n to_o condemn_v himself_o and_o because_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o he_o who_o be_v accuse_v for_o a_o crime_n will_v hazard_v his_o soul_n by_o perjury_n to_o redeem_v his_o blood_n by_o a_o oath_n but_o because_o the_o excessive_a love_n which_o we_o bear_v to_o life_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o exemption_n therefore_o where_o the_o punishment_n be_v not_o corporal_a &_o corporis_fw-la afflictiva_fw-la the_o defender_n will_v be_v force_v sometime_o to_o give_v his_o oath_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o riot_n and_o blood-wyt_n sometime_o likewise_o the_o law_n because_o of_o the_o scantness_n of_o the_o probation_n oblige_v he_o who_o be_v accuse_v to_o give_v his_o oath_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o usury_n which_o be_v a_o crime_n odious_a in_o itself_o and_o cladestine_o carry_v on_o ja._n 6._o cap._n 247._o par._n 15._o and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o simony_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 21._o yet_o neither_o of_o these_o crime_n be_v corporal_o punish_v and_o therefore_o these_o rule_n may_v still_o hold_v 1._o that_o probation_n by_o oath_n of_o the_o defender_n be_v never_o allow_v by_o law_n neither_o ubi_fw-la paena_fw-la est_fw-la corporis_fw-la afflictiva_fw-la nec_fw-la ubi_fw-la infamia_fw-la irrogatur_fw-la quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la probare_fw-la svam_fw-la turpitu_fw-la dâ—nem_fw-la &_o fama_fw-la &_o vita_fw-la quoad_fw-la hoc_fw-la aquiparantur_fw-la 2._o that_o a_o person_n accuse_v may_v be_v oblige_v by_o a_o express_a law_n to_o depon_n though_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o he_o be_v accuse_v may_v infer_v infamy_n 3._o that_o no_o law_n shall_v force_v the_o defender_n in_o a_o criminal_a process_n to_o swear_v where_o the_o crime_n may_v infer_v death_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o such_o law_n in_o our_o kingdom_n ii_o it_o be_v oft_o controvert_v both_o in_o the_o council_n and_o criminal_a court_n whether_o though_o the_o crime_n be_v in_o itself_o such_o as_o deserve_v a_o corporal_a punishment_n yet_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n likewise_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o pursue_v the_o same_o criminal_o &_o ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la corporalem_fw-la infligendam_fw-la if_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o defender_n may_v not_o be_v force_v to_o depon_n which_o question_n may_v be_v resolve_v by_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi declare_v that_o he_o will_v not_o insist_v criminal_o yet_o that_o declaration_n be_v not_o sufficient_a because_o his_o majestiesâ—dvocat_n â—dvocat_z may_v pursue_v 2._o though_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n concur_v with_o the_o pursueâ—_n in_o the_o declaration_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a see_v his_o majesty_n officer_n can_v prejudge_v his_o majesty_n by_o any_o declaration_n of_o other_o for_o else_o they_o may_v by_o such_o declaration_n as_o these_o in_o effect_n remit_v crime_n 3._o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o council_n be_v not_o sufficient_a because_o they_o may_v not_o prejudge_v a_o criminal_a action_n which_o may_v be_v intent_a before_o the_o justice_n court_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o some_o gentleman_n and_o other_o who_o be_v pursue_v before_o the_o council_n as_o plagiaries_n for_o take_v away_o anna_n gibson_n it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o swear_v though_o both_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o advocate_n declare_v they_o shall_v never_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v 4._o i_o conceive_v that_o neither_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi nor_o defender_n even_o in_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n before_o the_o justice_n though_o agree_v to_o by_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o force_v the_o defender_n to_o swear_v for_o i_o think_v that_o though_o the_o defender_n shall_v co_fw-la casu_fw-la upon_o oath_n deny_v his_o guilt_n that_o he_o may_v be_v of_o new_a pursue_v and_o convict_v upon_o clear_a probation_n for_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o publick_v interest_n can_v never_o be_v prejudge_v by_o any_o declaration_n of_o his_o officer_n nor_o can_v any_o remit_v crime_n as_o i_o say_v former_o iii_o crime_n do_v not_o ordinary_o use_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o write_n and_o when_o they_o may_v be_v so_o prove_v there_o be_v little_a difficulty_n as_o to_o the_o probation_n only_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n pursue_v against_o captain_n barclay_n that_o a_o write_v may_v be_v prove_v false_a without_o production_n of_o it_o and_o in_o purdies_n case_n that_o a_o discharge_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v usury_n though_o it_o want_v both_o writer_n name_n and_o witness_n see_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi offer_v to_o prove_v the_o subscription_n by_o his_o oath_n but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o panel_n be_v in_o usury_n oblige_v to_o swear_v and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o a_o write_v not_o subscribe_v before_o witness_n do_v prove_v a_o crime_n since_o all_o write_v of_o importance_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n declare_v null_a if_o they_o want_v the_o writer_n name_n and_o witness_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o believe_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la a_o civil_a effect_n much_o less_o in_o a_o criminal_a nor_o be_v the_o panel_n here_o oblige_v to_o make_v up_o the_o same_o by_o his_o oath_n as_o in_o civil_a case_n and_o yet_o the_o marquis_n of_o argile_n be_v convict_v of_o treason_n upon_o letter_n write_v by_o he_o to_o general_n monck_n these_o letter_n be_v only_o subscribe_v by_o he_o and_o not_o holograph_n and_o the_o subscription_n have_v be_v prove_v per_fw-la comparationem_fw-la literarum_fw-la which_o be_v very_o hard_o in_o other_o case_n see_v comparaâ—io_n literarum_fw-la be_v but_o a_o presumption_n and_o man_n hand_n be_v ofttimes_o and_o easy_o imitate_v and_o one_o man_n write_n will_v differ_v from_o itself_o at_o several_a occasion_n iu_o presumption_n be_v divide_v in_o presumption_n that_o be_v violent_a for_o strong_a presumption_n be_v so_o call_v and_o these_o that_o be_v not_o violent_a they_o be_v likewise_o divide_v in_o praesumptiones_fw-la juris_fw-la &_o presumptiones_fw-la juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la whether_o crime_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n be_v much_o controvert_v both_o in_o law_n and_o practic_n and_o that_o they_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n be_v infer_v from_o these_o reason_n 1._o presumption_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o verisimilitude_n and_o what_o may_v be_v may_v not_o be_v whereas_o all_o probation_n especial_o in_o criminal_o shall_v be_v infallible_a and_o certain_a &_o conclusio_fw-la semper_fw-la debet_fw-la sequi_fw-la debiliorem_fw-la partem_fw-la 2._o if_o crime_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n judge_n will_v be_v arbitrary_a in_o all_o case_n see_v the_o law_n can_v determine_v the_o number_n and_o weight_n of_o presumption_n as_o it_o do_v in_o other_o probation_n 3._o the_o doctor_n universal_o conclude_v that_o presumption_n do_v not_o prove_v crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o mascard_v farin_n etc._n etc._n upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v infer_v from_o presumption_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n 1._o l._n ult_n cod._n de_fw-fr probationibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la asserit_fw-la
pâ—sse_fw-la crimina_fw-la vel_fw-la idoniis_fw-la testibus_fw-la vel_fw-la apertissimis_fw-la documentis_fw-la vel_fw-la judiciis_fw-la judubitatis_fw-la probari_fw-la &_o l._n 2._o ff_n quon_n apple_n non_fw-fr recip_n ubi_fw-la jubetur_fw-la curialis_fw-la observare_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la homicidarum_fw-la adulterorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n argumentis_fw-la convictus_fw-la testibus_fw-la superatus_fw-la vel_fw-la voce_fw-la propria_fw-la confessus_fw-la audiatur_fw-la apellare_fw-la 2._o since_o witness_n be_v only_o believe_v because_o it_o be_v presume_v they_o will_v not_o damn_v themselves_o why_o may_v not_o other_o presumption_n be_v likewise_o receive_v 3._o presumption_n be_v in_o many_o case_n allow_v as_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n as_o the_o presumption_n of_o cohabitation_n after_o the_o party_n be_v discharge_v be_v sufficient_a be_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o infer_v adultery_n 4._o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n be_v ofttimes_o found_v upon_o presumption_n as_o when_o they_o depon_n upon_o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la ebriety_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o depend_v upon_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n 5._o many_o have_v be_v condemn_v upon_o presumption_n as_o janet_n brown_n who_o be_v convict_v for_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n upon_o presumption_n and_o hang_v according_o the_o 25._o of_o june_n 1614_o and_o scot_n be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o kill_v of_o drumlanrig_n sheep_n the_o 20._o of_o february_n 1616._o and_o after_o a_o solemn_a debate_n how_o far_o presumption_n can_v prove_v in_o criminal_o in_o alexander_n kennedy_n case_n he_o be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o falsehood_n upon_o presumption_n in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o this_o difficulty_n have_v force_v some_o of_o the_o doctor_n to_o conclude_v that_o this_o case_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o other_o to_o conclude_v that_o presumption_n may_v infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la cod._n fab_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr paen_fw-la which_o last_o opinion_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n coincident_a with_o the_o first_o for_o in_o arbitrary_a case_n the_o judge_n can_v never_o proceed_v to_o death_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o both_o these_o opinion_n be_v well_o found_v because_o not_o only_o the_o commit_n of_o crime_n but_o even_o the_o give_v of_o scandal_n and_o the_o do_v that_o which_o be_v like_o a_o crime_n deserve_v to_o be_v some_o way_n punish_v but_o this_o arbitrariness_n shall_v only_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o council_n who_o be_v a_o supreme_a judicatory_a and_o be_v in_o such_o extraordinary_a case_n tie_v to_o no_o express_a law_n title_n xxvi_o probation_n by_o witness_n 1._o how_o witness_n be_v cite_v with_o we_o 2._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la ultronei_fw-la 3._o what_o witness_n be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n 4._o when_o woman_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n and_o when_o not_o 5._o how_o minor_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v witness_n 6._o person_n guilty_a of_o crime_n can_v be_v admit_v 7._o person_n within_o degree_n defendant_n be_v not_o admit_v and_o who_o these_o be_v 8._o domestic_a servant_n when_o admit_v 9_o movable_a tenant_n 10._o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la 11._o defender_n cite_v as_o party_n 12._o what_o time_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o hability_n of_o a_o witness_n 13._o whether_o witness_n inhabile_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n 14._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la singulares_fw-la 15._o the_o contrariety_n in_o deposition_n consider_v 16._o causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la 17._o witness_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la 18._o it_o be_v now_o necessary_a to_o give_v in_o a_o list_n to_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o witness_n name_n who_o be_v to_o be_v lead_v against_o he_o 19_o absent_a witness_n how_o punish_v and_o compel_v 20._o what_o number_n may_v be_v cite_v for_o prove_v each_o crime_n if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o raise_v of_o a_o summons_n that_o summons_n contain_v a_o warrant_n to_o cite_v witness_n but_o if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o justice_n grant_v warrant_n by_o precept_n for_o cite_v of_o witness_n at_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi give_v in_o with_o his_o execute_v summons_n execution_n likewise_o against_o the_o witness_n and_o if_o the_o execution_n against_o the_o witness_n be_v not_o legal_a the_o diet_n be_v desert_v but_o if_o the_o witness_n be_v lawful_o cite_v and_o compear_v not_o of_o old_a there_o be_v a_o warrant_n give_v to_o apprehend_v they_o and_o the_o diet_n be_v continue_v but_o now_o there_o be_v formal_a letter_n of_o caption_n give_v under_o the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n and_o not_o of_o the_o justice-court_n and_o the_o letter_n be_v still_o raise_v by_o the_o justice-clerk_n deputâ—_n who_o be_v the_o ordinary_a clerk_n of_o court_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n refuse_v to_o apprehend_v the_o witness_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o caption_n the_o letter_n will_v be_v direct_a against_o himself_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n and_o this_o be_v first_o observe_v in_o the_o case_n of_o mackalla_n against_o lindsay_n after_o the_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n he_o ask_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi wat_fw-mi way_n he_o will_v prove_v his_o libel_n and_o if_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n be_v choose_v as_o the_o manner_n of_o probation_n to_o be_v use_v ii_o the_o justice_n desire_v the_o clerk_n to_o call_v the_o witness_n and_o if_o any_o be_v give_v in_o in_o the_o list_n against_o who_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a execution_n it_o be_v allege_v they_o can_v be_v receive_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n and_o be_v found_v upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o he_o who_o offer_v himself_o to_o depon_n without_o be_v lawful_o cite_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v too_o desirous_a to_o depon_n and_o so_o to_o have_v malice_n these_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v testes_fw-la ultronâ—i_fw-la yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o justice_n sometime_o receive_v witness_n cite_v apud_fw-la acta_fw-la as_o alexander_n forester_n against_o a_o witch_n the_o 3._o of_o august_n 1661._o so_o though_o they_o will_v not_o receive_v a_o witness_n who_o appear_v upon_o a_o unlawful_a citation_n and_o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v unlawful_a yet_o they_o will_v receive_v some_o though_o not_o at_o all_o cite_v for_o the_o first_o show_v a_o compliance_n but_o not_o the_o last_o all_o the_o objection_n against_o the_o wittess_n be_v discuss_v before_o they_o be_v swear_v for_o it_o be_v below_o the_o majesty_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o administrat_fw-la the_o same_o unnecessary_o before_o it_o be_v know_v whether_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v administrat_fw-la will_v be_v receive_v to_o object_v against_o a_o witness_n in_o our_o law_n be_v call_v to_o cast_v a_o witness_n or_o to_o set_v he_o and_o by_o the_o doctor_n it_o be_v call_v to_o repel_v a_o witness_n but_o because_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n or_o oppositiones_fw-la contra_fw-la testes_fw-la as_o farinacius_n call_v they_o be_v so_o large_o treat_v of_o by_o he_o and_o other_o i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o particular_a objection_n which_o be_v mention_v and_o make_v use_v of_o frequent_o in_o our_o law_n and_o practic_a and_o in_o law_n these_o objection_n be_v divide_v into_o such_o as_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la and_o these_o which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la i_o shall_v therefore_o first_o treat_v of_o these_o objection_n which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la iii_o witness_n be_v not_o admit_v with_o we_o if_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n which_o we_o interpret_v to_o be_v ten_o pound_n and_o because_o no_o man_n can_v know_v the_o value_n of_o another_o estate_n this_o objection_n be_v find_v therefore_o only_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o witness_n himself_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o ruchead_n against_o muire_n the_o 9_o of_o december_n 1668._o but_o this_o seem_v strange_a for_o since_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o he_o will_v depon_n unjust_o why_o it_o shall_v believe_v he_o as_o to_o his_o own_o quality_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n when_o the_o hazard_n be_v so_o great_a the_o be_v know_v to_o be_v a_o actual_a beggar_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a per_fw-la se_fw-la to_o cast_v a_o witness_n without_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o witness_n oath_n this_o objection_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o presumption_n that_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v liable_a to_o impression_n and_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v express_o repel_v from_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n stat_fw-la 2._o rob._n and_o they_o be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n iu_o woman_n regulariter_fw-la be_v not_o witness_n neither_o in_o civil_a nor_o criminal_a case_n with_o we_o nor_o shall_v they_o make_v as_o much_o faith_n with_o we_o
prove_v his_o exception_n both_o because_o the_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o have_v a_o diligence_n for_o prove_v thereof_o for_o remedy_n whereof_o by_o the_o 11._o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n of_o the_o justice-court_n it_o be_v appoint_v that_o when_o the_o libel_n or_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n be_v execute_v the_o name_n of_o the_o inquest_n and_o witness_n shall_v likewise_o be_v give_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v know_v what_o to_o object_n against_o they_o and_o diligence_n be_v thereby_o allow_v he_o for_o prove_v his_o objection_n against_o this_o article_n it_o be_v murmur_v that_o first_o this_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o know_v what_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v adduce_v and_o much_o less_o what_o assizer_n may_v be_v present_a for_o they_o can_v not_o assure_v their_o attendance_n 2._o this_o may_v prove_v a_o mean_a of_o corrupt_a witness_n and_o assizer_n who_o if_o know_v may_v be_v practise_v but_o to_o these_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v raise_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n to_o vex_v man_n in_o their_o fame_n and_o fortune_n till_o he_o be_v secure_a that_o he_o can_v prove_v hiâ—_n libel_n which_o infer_v necessary_o that_o he_o know_v the_o witness_n who_o be_v to_o be_v adduce_v and_o see_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n cite_v 45._o he_o may_v be_v confident_a fifteen_o of_o they_o will_v obey_v and_o be_v so_o wise_a as_o to_o evite_v the_o penalty_n and_o this_o objection_n will_v tend_v much_o more_o against_o all_o continuation_n of_o assizer_n for_o a_o whole_a year_n which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a to_o the_o second_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o either_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v adduce_v be_v honest_a and_o then_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o practise_v or_o they_o be_v false_a and_o obnoxious_a to_o corruption_n and_o then_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v at_o all_o and_o it_o be_v inhuman_a that_o a_o man_n life_n and_o fortune_n shall_v be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o deposition_n of_o these_o who_o the_o law_n dare_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v know_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v bribe_v and_o corrupt_v and_o this_o inconveenience_n can_v hardly_o have_v be_v evit_v before_o their_o regulation_n for_o ordinary_o the_o defender_n know_v who_o be_v present_a and_o need_v suspect_v that_o none_o will_v be_v adduce_v who_o be_v not_o present_a as_o likewise_o when_o diet_n be_v continue_v as_o frequent_o they_o be_v the_o witness_n be_v still_o know_v but_o these_o jealousy_n be_v by_o very_o much_o less_o dangerous_a than_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o attend_v the_o not_o allow_v the_o panel_n to_o know_v what_o witness_n be_v suspicious_a and_o shall_v be_v decline_v and_o our_o law_n shall_v either_o not_o have_v allow_v objection_n against_o witness_n or_o else_o shall_v have_v allow_v a_o diet_n and_o mean_n for_o prove_v they_o nam_fw-la quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concedi_fw-la debent_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la perveniri_fw-la nequimus_fw-la xix_o if_o witness_n compear_v not_o of_o old_a the_o diet_n be_v immediate_o desert_v but_o now_o caption_n will_v be_v direct_a against_o they_o and_o the_o diet_n will_v be_v continue_v for_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o fisk_n shall_v be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o the_o witness_n but_o if_o two_o compear_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la if_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v continue_v for_o two_o be_v sufficient_a for_o prove_v the_o libel_n but_o because_o more_o witness_n than_o two_o be_v ofttimes_o requisite_a there_o be_v many_o circumstance_n to_o be_v prove_v therefore_o it_o seem_v hard_a that_o the_o diet_n shall_v not_o be_v even_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la continue_v and_o at_o other_o time_n there_o may_v be_v objection_n which_o may_v cast_v such_o as_o be_v present_a and_o therefore_o the_o justice_n continue_v the_o diet_n against_o braco_n gordoun_n the_o 11._o of_o november_n 1671._o because_o the_o defender_n will_v not_o declare_v that_o he_o will_v use_v no_o objection_n against_o such_o as_o be_v present_a though_o regulariter_fw-la the_o justice_n will_v grant_v warrant_n to_o apprehend_v and_o secure_a party_n who_o be_v suspect_v of_o crime_n till_o they_o find_v surety_n yet_o they_o refuse_v to_o secure_v or_o attach_v such_o as_o be_v cite_v to_o be_v witness_n lest_o thereby_o they_o shall_v discourage_v man_n from_o compear_v to_o bear_v witness_n december_n 1672._o in_o answer_n to_o a_o petition_n give_v in_o by_o the_o marquis_n of_o montrose_n tenant_n xx._n by_o the_o custom_n both_o of_o the_o council_n and_o criminal_a court_n ten_o witness_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v cite_v upon_o every_o separate_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o article_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o no_o more_o to_o evite_v confusion_n nor_o want_v there_o precedent_n for_o the_o number_n of_o ten_o in_o this_o case_n since_o cap._n 5._o legis_fw-la mamimiliae_fw-la inque_fw-la eam_fw-la rem_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la hac_fw-la lege_fw-la judicium_fw-la dederit_fw-la testibus_fw-la publicae_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la in_o res_fw-la singulas_fw-la decem_fw-la denunciandi_fw-la potentatem_fw-la facito_fw-la and_o i_o find_v in_o valerius_n probus_fw-la this_o to_o be_v a_o article_n edicti_fw-la praetorii_fw-la testibusque_fw-la publicae_fw-la dumtaxat_fw-la decem_fw-la denunciandi_fw-la potestatem_fw-la faciam_fw-la to_o which_o number_n witness_n be_v stint_v by_o a_o statute_n of_o lewis_n the_o 12._o of_o france_n langlaus_fw-la semestr_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o from_o which_o statute_n our_o custom_n seem_v to_o have_v flow_v title_n xxvii_o of_o torture_n 1._o by_o who_o can_v torture_n be_v inflict_v in_o our_o law_n 2._o torture_n purge_v all_o presumption_n 3._o whether_o may_v person_n who_o be_v condemn_v be_v thereafter_o torture_v 4._o who_o be_v exeme_v from_o torture_n 5._o how_o shall_v such_o be_v punish_v who_o torture_n unjust_o i._o torture_n be_v seldom_o use_v with_o we_o because_o some_o obstinate_a person_n do_v ofttimes_o deny_v truth_n whilst_o other_o who_o be_v frail_a and_o timorous_a confess_v for_o fear_n what_o be_v not_o true_a and_o it_o be_v competent_a to_o none_o but_o to_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n to_o use_v torture_n in_o any_o case_n and_o therefore_o they_o find_v that_o sir_n william_n ballâ—ndene_n as_o a_o captain_n can_v not_o torture_v though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o be_v necessary_a sometime_o for_o know_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o may_v be_v necessary_a and_o allow_v in_o some_o case_n to_o soldier_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o council_n be_v so_o tender_a in_o torture_n that_o though_o many_o presumption_n be_v adduce_v against_o giles_n there_o english_a man_n suspect_v of_o murder_n and_o adultery_n they_o refuse_v to_o torture_v he_o albeit_o it_o be_v press_v zealous_o by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n ii_o it_o be_v a_o brocard_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o he_o who_o offer_v to_o abide_v the_o torture_n purge_v all_o other_o presumption_n whiâ—h_o can_v be_v adduce_v against_o he_o and_o yet_o alexander_n kennedy_n be_v pursue_v for_o forge_v some_o bond_n and_o nothing_o be_v adduce_v for_o prove_v the_o crime_n save_o presumption_n offer_v to_o abide_v the_o torture_n but_o thâ—s_n be_v refuse_v torture_n likewise_o be_v adduce_v purge_v all_o former_a presumption_n which_o precede_v the_o torture_n if_o the_o person_n torturee_v deny_v what_o be_v object_v against_o he_o but_o yet_o he_o may_v be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n upon_o new_a presumption_n as_o be_v find_v after_o a_o learned_a debate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o toshoch_n who_o be_v torture_v for_o the_o allege_v burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n august_n 1632._o for_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o torture_n be_v intend_v for_o bring_v the_o verity_n to_o light_v and_o as_o he_o have_v be_v condemn_v if_o he_o have_v confess_v so_o he_o shall_v be_v assoilzy_v when_o he_o deny_v else_o no_o man_n will_v endure_v the_o torture_n if_o they_o be_v not_o persuade_v that_o upon_o denial_n they_o shall_v be_v clear_v but_o will_v confess_v and_o not_o endure_v so_o much_o torment_v unnecessar_o so_o that_o the_o inquisition_n will_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o much_o sin_n and_o make_v man_n die_v with_o a_o lie_n in_o their_o mouth_n and_o therefore_o torture_n be_v call_v probatio_fw-la ultima_fw-la vid._n clarâ—_n quest_n 64._o yet_o spot_n maxwel_n of_o garrery_n and_o other_o be_v condemn_v after_o torture_n upon_o other_o probation_n than_o be_v deduce_v before_o the_o torture_n iii_o i_o remember_v it_o be_v debate_v in_o council_n anno_fw-la 1666._o if_o the_o west-countrey-man_n who_o be_v condemn_v for_o treason_n may_v after_o sentence_n be_v torture_v for_o clear_v who_o be_v their_o complice_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o they_o can_v not_o nam_fw-la
alledgeance_n propon_v be_v the_o panel_n 〈◊〉_d and_o their_o procurator_n and_o write_v produce_v for_o instruct_v thereof_o that_o the_o say_a matter_n shall_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n and_o answer_v make_v thereto_o be_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n advocate_n and_o write_v produce_v be_v he_o for_o veryfy_v thereof_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o dittay_n relevant_a and_o do_v put_v the_o samen_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o person_n follow_v they_o be_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d whilk_n person_n of_o assize_n be_v choose_v swear_v and_o admit_v and_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d be_v accuse_v of_o the_o dittay_n of_o the_o crime_n above-writen_a which_o be_v verrify_v be_v their_o own_o deposition_n and_o confession_n in_o judgement_n they_o remove_v altogether_o forth_o of_o court_n to_o the_o assize_n house_n where_o they_o be_v plurality_n of_o vot_n elect_v and_o choose_v the_o say_v c._n reason_v and_o vote_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o say_v dittay_v and_o be_v ripe_o and_o at_o length_n advise_v therewith_o together_o with_o the_o deposition_n 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o write_v produce_v be_v his_o majesty_n advocate_n for_o the_o verification_n thereof_o enter_v again_o in_o court_n where_o they_o all_o with_o one_o vot_o be_v the_o report_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n find_v pronunce_v and_o declare_v the_o say_a d._n to_o be_v file_v culpable_a and_o convict_v of_o the_o crime_n respective_a above-writen_a contain_v in_o their_o say_a dittay_n for_o the_o whilk_n cause_n the_o justice_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o 〈◊〉_d dempster_n of_o court_n discern_v ordain_v and_o adjudge_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o castle-hill_n of_o edimburgh_n or_o mercat_n cross_n and_o there_o to_o be_v hang_v till_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o his_o hail_n movable_a good_n to_o be_v escheat_n to_o his_o majesti_n use_n or_o their_o head_n to_o be_v strike_v from_o their_o body_n and_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edimburgh_n and_o there_o his_o tongue_n to_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o hot_a botkin_n and_o thereafter_o banish_v this_o realm_n not_o to_o be_v find_v thereintil_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n or_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o all_o their_o moveable-goods_a to_o be_v escheat_n which_o be_v pronunce_v for_o doom_n extract_v act_n of_o conviction_n the_o whilk_fw-mi day_n 〈◊〉_d enter_v upon_o panel_n dilate_a accuse_v and_o pursue_v be_v 〈◊〉_d be_v virtue_n of_o crime_n purchase_v be_v he_o against_o they_o of_o art_n and_o part_n of_o demembr_v of_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o middle_a finger_n of_o his_o left_a hand_n near_a his_o little_a finger_n commit_v the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o 〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o street_n of_o 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o the_o person_n follow_v they_o be_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d whilks-person_n of_o assize_n be_v choose_v swear_v and_o admit_v after_o accusation_n of_o the_o a._n of_o the_o crime_n aforesaid_a remove_v altogether_o forth_o of_o court_n to_o the_o assize_n house_n where_o they_o be_v plurality_n of_o vot_n elect_v and_o choose_v the_o say_v in_o chancellor_n reason_v and_o vot_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o say_v dittay_v above-specified_n and_o be_v advise_v re-entered_n again_o in_o court_n where_o they_o all_o in_o voice_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n find_v pronunce_v and_o declare_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v file_v culpable_a and_o convict_v of_o art_n and_o part_n of_o demembr_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o middle_a finger_n near_a his_o little_a finger_n of_o his_o left_a hand_n commit_v the_o time_n foresay_a whereupon_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d ask_v instrument_n extractum_fw-la etc._n etc._n doom_n for_o demembr_v the_o whilk_fw-mi day_n etc._n etc._n be_v enter_v on_o panel_n to_o hear_v doom_n pronunce_v against_o they_o as_o they_o that_o be_v convict_v be_v a_o assize_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justiciar_n hold_v within_o the_o tolbooth_n of_o edimburgh_n the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o 〈◊〉_d instant_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o he_o demembration_n of_o 〈◊〉_d ut_fw-la supra_fw-la the_o justice_n be_v mouth_n of_o 〈◊〉_d dempster_n decern_v and_o ordain_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o content_v and_o pay_v to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o sum_n of_o three_o hundred_o mark_n in_o full_a satisfaction_n and_o assithment_n of_o the_o demembration_n of_o he_o of_o the_o say_a finger_n and_o to_o find_v caution_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n to_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d upon_o condition_n that_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d shall_v deliver_v to_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d sufficient_a letter_n of_o slayne_n for_o demembr_v he_o of_o his_o little_a finger_n who_o find_v 〈◊〉_d with_o themselves_o conjunct_o and_o several_o soverty_n and_o cautioner_n fore-payed_n of_o the_o say_v three_o hundred_o mark_n to_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d in_o full_a satisfaction_n and_o assithment_n of_o demember_v he_o of_o his_o middle_a finger_n he_o grant_v and_o and_o give_v a_o sufficient_a letter_n of_o slayne_n as_o say_v be_v and_o all_o be_v discern_v all_o the_o say_n 〈◊〉_d their_o movable_a good_n and_o geir_n to_o be_v escheat_n and_o in-brought_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n use_v as_o be_v convict_v of_o the_o say_a crime_n which_o be_v pronunce_v for_o doom_n and_o ordain_v letter_n of_o horning_n upon_o a_o simple_a charge_n of_o ten_o day_n and_o poind_v to_o be_v direct_a hereupon_o dempster_n our_o countryman_n hist._n ecle_v pag._n 235._o relate_v this_o solemnity_n which_o be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n lapidem_fw-la tollit_fw-la magistratus_fw-la signatumque_fw-la quaerenti_fw-la tradit_fw-la ille_fw-la adversarium_fw-la &_o testes_fw-la citat_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la ambiguum_fw-la &_o majoris_fw-la momenti_fw-la ad_fw-la 12._o quos_fw-la clave_n appellant_n refertur_fw-la atque_fw-la ita_fw-la sine_fw-la scriptis_fw-la aut_fw-la impensis_fw-la light_n dirimi_fw-la sunt_fw-la solitae_fw-la ii_o by_o the_o former_a style_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o debate_n be_v not_o insert_v in_o the_o criminal_a sentence_n as_o it_o be_v in_o civil_a process_n with_o we_o but_o it_o contain_v ofttimes_o the_o whole_a summons_n which_o decreet_v for_o civil_a cause_n do_v not_o these_o criminal_a sentence_n likewise_o express_v still_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o probation_n which_o be_v the_o because_o of_o the_o decreet_a as_o we_o speak_v in_o civil_a cause_n and_o this_o the_o doctor_n confess_v to_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o other_o kingdom_n inferitur_fw-la enim_fw-la causa_fw-la in_o sententia_fw-la ut_fw-la quod_fw-la talis_fw-la accusatus_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la tali_fw-la malificio_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la constat_fw-la per_fw-la tefle_n vel_fw-la per_fw-la ejus_fw-la confessionem_fw-la quod_fw-la illud_fw-la maleficium_fw-la commisit_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la condemnatus_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n clar._n 93._o num_fw-la 21._o after_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronunce_v by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v write_v by_o the_o clerk_n who_o read_v to_o the_o dempster_n the_o manner_n of_o punishment_n and_o it_o be_v by_o he_o repeat_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o punishment_n be_v call_v the_o doom_n because_o it_o be_v pronunce_v by_o the_o dempster_n who_o add_v after_o he_o have_v pronunce_v the_o punishment_n and_o this_o i_o give_v for_o doom_n and_o i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o italy_n the_o clerk_n read_v the_o sentence_n and_o the_o judge_n add_v ita_fw-la absolvo_fw-la vel_fw-la ita_fw-la condemno_fw-la clar._n ibid._n iii_o albeit_o the_o sentence_n bear_v a_o punishment_n less_o than_o what_o the_o statute_n irrogat_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o sentence_n be_v not_o by_o our_o law_n null_n but_o the_o fisk_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o conviction_n contain_v in_o the_o sentence_n â—ight_a to_o put_v in_o execution_n or_o to_o exact_v what_o the_o law_n appoint_v though_o the_o sentence_n do_v not_o and_o thus_o john_n wauch_n in_o selkirk_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o that_o shire_n he_o be_v ordain_v to_o pay_v two_o thousand_o mark_n or_o to_o go_v to_o barbodoes_n in_o obedience_n to_o which_o decreet_a he_o pay_v the_o two_o thousand_o mark_n notwithstanding_o whereof_o the_o exchequer_n gift_v his_o liferent-escheat_n to_o mr._n andrew_n hedderweik_n who_o pursue_v a_o declarature_n in_o which_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o wauch_n be_v once_o find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n there_o be_v jus_o quesitum_fw-la regi_fw-la which_o the_o sheriff_n can_v not_o prejudge_v by_o any_o sentence_n no_o more_o than_o he_o can_v remit_v the_o punishment_n altogether_o for_o in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o do_v mitigat_n the_o punishment_n in_o so_o far_o he_o remit_v it_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o theft_n be_v arbitrar_o punish_v by_o our_o custom_n sometime_o by_o death_n sometime_o by_o fyne_a according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o guilt_n which_o be_v punishable_a and_o custom_n have_v in_o this_o prorogat_v the_o power_n of_o inferior_a judge_n 2._o if_o the_o sheriff_n have_v do_v wrong_a he_o