civil_a matter_n the_o word_n of_o this_o last_o king_n law_n run_v thus_o exit_fw-la etc._n omni_fw-la comitatu_fw-la bis_fw-la quotannis_fw-la conventus_fw-la agitor_fw-la cui_fw-la quidem_fw-la illius_fw-la dioecesis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o senator_n intersunto_fw-la quorum_fw-la alter_fw-la jura_n divina_fw-la humana_fw-la alter_fw-la populum_fw-la edoceto_fw-la in_o every_o county_n let_v there_o be_v twice_o a_o year_n a_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n whereat_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n and_o the_o earl_n shall_v be_v present_a the_o one_o to_o direct_v in_o divine_a the_o other_o in_o humane_a matter_n which_o so_o continue_v the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n sit_v therein_o together_o until_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o a_o full_a convention_n of_o his_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n command_v that_o 12._o ecclesiastical_a matter_n shall_v thenceforth_o be_v handle_v by_o the_o bishop_n in_o court_n of_o their_o own_o and_o not_o any_o more_o be_v discuss_v among_o secular_a affair_n in_o this_o court_n as_o well_o as_o in_o that_o of_o the_o country_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o these_o person_n follow_v be_v to_o be_v present_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o clause_n intersint_fw-la autèm_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la 7._o vicedomini_fw-la vicarii_fw-la centenarii_fw-la aldermanni_n preafecti_n praepositi_fw-la barones_n vavassores_fw-la tungrevii_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la terrarum_fw-la domini_fw-la diligentèr_fw-la intendentes_fw-la nè_fw-la malorum_fw-la impunitas_fw-la aut_fw-la gravionum_fw-la pravitas_fw-la vel_fw-la judicum_fw-la subversio_fw-la solita_fw-la miseros_fw-la laceratione_n confiniant_fw-la agantur_fw-la itâque_fw-la primò_fw-la debita_fw-la verae_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la jura_n secundò_fw-la regis_fw-la placita_fw-la postremò_fw-la causae_fw-la singulorum_fw-la dignis_fw-la satisfactionis_fw-la expleantur_fw-la scil._n ecclesiastical_a cause_n and_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o turn_v but_o private_a cause_n in_o the_o county_n court_n vid._n coke_n be_v 4_o the_o instit._fw-la 259_o 260._o where_o you_o will_v find_v that_o the_o turn_v be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n hold_v before_o the_o sheriff_n the_o ancient_a institution_n thereof_o be_v before_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o felony_n death_n of_o man_n except_v and_o common_a nuisance_n 260._o see_v the_o stat._n mag._n chart._n c._n 17._o and_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o 2_o d._n instit._n the_o style_n of_o this_o court_n be_v curia_fw-la visus_fw-la franc._n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la apud_fw-la b._n coram_fw-la vicecomite_n in_fw-la turno_fw-la svo_fw-la etc._n etc._n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o in_o this_o court_n the_o pledge_n or_o surety_n of_o every_o decennary_n or_o tithing_n be_v enter_v before_o the_o court_n leet_n be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o and_o grant_v to_o particular_a lord_n of_o manor_n which_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_a suppose_n to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n alfred_n laeta_n but_o since_o i_o find_v nothing_o concern_v these_o court_n leet_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n i_o shall_v defer_v the_o far_o treat_v of_o they_o to_o that_o time_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v of_o this_o court_n but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o folcmote_a and_o in_o which_o by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n or_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n 35._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o omnes_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la britanniae_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la folcmoto_fw-la corà m_fw-la episcopis_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n you_o will_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o same_o law_n just_o precede_v this_o a_o extraordinary_a assembly_n of_o this_o folcmote_a upon_o any_o sudden_a danger_n which_o meet_v on_o ring_v of_o the_o bell_n call_v in_o english_a motbel_n and_o there_o they_o be_v to_o consult_v how_o to_o prevent_v the_o danger_n ibid._n the_o second_o of_o these_o court_n be_v call_v the_o county-court_n and_o be_v also_o very_a ancient_n and_o to_o be_v hold_v once_o every_o month_n by_o the_o shireeve_n as_o from_o k._n edward_n the_o elder_n be_v a._n law_n appear_z praepositus_fw-la quÃsque_fw-la ad_fw-la quartam_fw-la circitèr_fw-la quamque_fw-la septimanam_fw-la frequentem_fw-la populi_fw-la concionem_fw-la celebrato_fw-la cuÃque_fw-la jus_o dicito_fw-la aequabile_fw-la litesque_fw-la singulas_fw-la cum_fw-la dies_fw-la condicti_fw-la advenerint_fw-la dirimito_fw-la every_o shireeve_n shall_v convene_v the_o people_n once_o a_o month_n and_o do_v equal_a right_n to_o all_o put_v a_o end_n to_o controversy_n at_o time_n appoint_v to_o this_o court_n be_v antienly_a appeal_n make_v from_o the_o hundred-court_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n et_fw-la nemo_fw-la namium_fw-la capiat_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la vel_fw-la extra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la priusquam_fw-la ter_z in_o hundredo_fw-la svo_fw-la rectum_fw-la sibi_fw-la perquisierit_fw-la curia_fw-la si_fw-la tertia_fw-la vice_fw-la rectum_fw-la non_fw-la habeat_fw-la eat_v quarta_fw-la vice_fw-la ad_fw-la conventum_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la anglicè_fw-la dicitur_fw-la scyremot_n etc._n etc._n no_o man_n by_o a_o distress_n shall_v compel_v another_o to_o the_o county-court_n unless_o he_o have_v thrice_o complain_v in_o the_o hundred-court_n but_o if_o he_o have_v not_o right_o the_o three_o time_n he_o may_v then_o sue_v in_o the_o county-court_n which_o be_v call_v the_o scyregemot_n and_o beside_o say_v sir_n william_n dugdale_n 1._o regis_fw-la placita_fw-la &_o causa_fw-la singulorum_fw-la debita_fw-la verae_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la jura_fw-la be_v first_o determine_v here_o where_o interest_n debent_fw-la commissarii_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la potestates_fw-la and_o the_o presbyter_n ecclesiae_fw-la as_o well_o as_o quatuor_fw-la de_fw-la melioribus_fw-la villae_fw-la be_v oblige_v to_o attendance_n qui_fw-la dei_fw-la leges_fw-la as_o well_o as_o seculi_fw-la negotia_fw-la justâ_fw-la consideratione_n definirent_fw-la and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o further_o proceed_v thus_o now_o let_v we_o see_v of_o what_o thing_n the_o sheriff_n here_o antien_o hold_v plea_n ad_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la pertinent_a ista_fw-la say_v glanvile_n placitum_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n de_fw-fr liberis_fw-la tenementis_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la 4._o ubi_fw-la curia_fw-la dominorum_fw-la probatur_fw-la de_fw-la recto_n defecisse_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la nativis_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la it_o belong_v to_o the_o shireeve_n to_o hold_v plea_n in_o this_o court_n upon_o a_o writ_n of_o right_o concern_v freehold_n in_o case_n where_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n wherein_o the_o land_n lie_v have_v not_o do_v justice_n as_o also_o to_o hold_v plea_n concern_v bondman_n but_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o court_n but_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o say_a book_n from_o whence_o i_o have_v take_v most_o of_o those_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o give_v you_o concern_v all_o these_o court_n jurid_a wherein_o he_o may_v find_v at_o large_a how_o great_a the_o power_n of_o this_o court_n be_v not_o only_o before_o but_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o i_o have_v also_o reserve_v the_o treat_v of_o these_o two_o court_n by_o themselves_o because_o though_o the_o 3_o former_a be_v suppose_v by_o some_o to_o be_v of_o k._n alfred_n erection_n upon_o his_o new_a reformation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o these_o two_o be_v not_o so_o for_o notwithstanding_o ingulf_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o king_n alfred_n first_o divide_v the_o province_n of_o england_n into_o county_n yet_o we_o find_v mr._n selden_n learned_o make_v it_o out_o 510._o that_o alfred_n be_v not_o the_o first_o that_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n or_o county_n for_o say_v he_o before_o alfred_n time_n those_o province_n have_v their_o ealdorman_n in_o they_o thus_o we_o read_v of_o ethelwolfus_n barocensis_n pagae_n come_v and_o ceorle_fw-mi domnaniae_fw-la comes_fw-la and_o eanulf_n somersetensis_n pagae_n come_v for_o the_o earldom_n of_o berkshire_n devonshire_n and_o somersetshire_n under_o king_n ethelwolf_n father_n to_o king_n alfred_n be_v remember_v in_o asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la that_o live_v in_o king_n alfred_n time_n two_o of_o they_o be_v also_o in_o 3._o ethelwerd_n a_o writer_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n beside_o osric_n dorsetum_n dux_n for_o eolderman_n of_o dorset_n eâ—lchere_n or_o alchere_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n ealdorman_n of_o kent_n and_o auda_n or_o wuda_n of_o surrey_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o hoveden_n huntingdon_n and_o in_o that_o asserius_fw-la also_o and_o ingulphus_n have_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelbald_n foundation_n of_o crowland_n whereunto_o the_o comites_fw-la of_o leicester_n and_o of_o lincoln_n both_o subscribe_v to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v divers_a example_n that_o you_o will_v meet_v with_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o the_o follow_a history_n out_o of_o the_o saxon_a annal_n have_v thus_o dispatch_v these_o inferior_a
court_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o chief_a next_o to_o that_o of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v call_v curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la regis_fw-la because_o oftentimes_o as_o sir_n wil._n dugdale_n inform_v we_o the_o king_n himself_o sit_v here_o in_o person_n have_v several_a justice_n à _fw-fr latere_fw-la svo_fw-la residentes_fw-la as_o 10._o bracton_n express_v it_o 38._o and_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o ealdorman_a or_o chief_a justiciary_a of_o all_o england_n supply_v his_o place_n concern_v this_o court_n though_o we_o have_v not_o many_o memorial_n leave_v of_o it_o before_o the_o conquest_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_o at_o that_o time_n in_o be_v since_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v then_o the_o great_a court_n of_o all_o appeal_v as_o well_o criminal_a as_o civil_a long_o after_o the_o conquest_n before_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o for_o here_o it_o be_v that_o k._n alfred_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v re-hear_a and_o examine_v the_o false_a judgement_n of_o his_o inferior_a judge_n in_o the_o hundred_o and_o county-court_n and_o here_o it_o be_v also_o that_o he_o condemn_v above_o forty_o of_o they_o to_o be_v execute_v in_o one_o year_n for_o their_o erroneous_a sentence_n in_o matter_n of_o life_n and_o death_n 5._o as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o great_a court_n who_o power_n now_o reside_v in_o that_o of_o the_o king's-bench_n and_o common-plea_n neither_o the_o chancery_n nor_o exchequer_n have_v then_o any_o be_v the_o former_a of_o which_o commence_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v erect_v by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o i_o have_v but_o two_o observation_n to_o make_v concern_v our_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n court_v of_o justice_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v that_o strict_a union_n there_o then_o be_v as_o well_o in_o the_o folk-mote_n and_o county-court_n as_o in_o the_o hundred-court_n between_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a state_n in_o both_o which_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o sheriff_n sit_v together_o all_o cause_n both_o spiritual_a and_o secular_a be_v equal_o and_o at_o one_o time_n dispatch_v to_o the_o great_a ease_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o subject_a who_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o folk-mote_n what_o be_v their_o duty_n towards_o god_n and_o the_o church_n as_o they_o be_v by_o the_o ealdorman_a or_o sheriff_n what_o common_a law_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v in_o order_n to_o their_o honest_a and_o peaceable_a live_n one_o among_o another_o a_o custom_n which_o when_o read_v of_o book_n be_v not_o general_o in_o use_n among_o the_o laiety_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o acquaint_v they_o with_o their_o duty_n in_o imitation_n of_o which_o i_o suppose_v our_o common_a charge_n at_o assizes_n and_o session_n be_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n the_o second_o be_v the_o great_a ease_n the_o subject_n must_v needs_o find_v in_o have_v justice_n administer_v to_o he_o in_o small_a action_n in_o the_o court_n of_o decenary_a or_o tything_n even_o at_o their_o own_o door_n or_o else_o in_o appeal_n and_o great_a action_n at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o trihing_n or_o lethe_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v remove_v it_o to_o the_o county-court_n and_o if_o they_o think_v themselves_o aggrieve_v there_o than_o they_o may_v bring_v it_o before_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o his_o chief_a justiciary_a in_o the_o great_a court_n abovemention_v a_o admirable_a and_o a_o excellent_a constitution_n this_o whilst_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v few_o easy_a and_o plain_a before_o the_o partiality_n and_o corruption_n of_o country_n jury_n come_v in_o and_o the_o bandy_n and_o faction_n of_o rich_a and_o powerful_a man_n in_o the_o country_n against_o each_o other_o together_o with_o the_o vast_a variety_n of_o determination_n of_o case_n in_o law_n have_v render_v those_o inferior_a court_n not_o only_o perplex_v but_o unsafe_a and_o vexatious_a to_o the_o subject_a parliament_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n call_v in_o saxon_a the_o wittena-gemot_a or_o mycel-synoth_a in_o latin_a magnum_n or_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o great_a or_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o three_o estate_n which_o we_o now_o call_v our_o parliament_n which_o court_n the_o author_n of_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o king_n alfred_n ordain_v for_o a_o perpetual_a custom_n that_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n or_o often_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n if_o business_n so_o require_v they_o shall_v assemble_v at_o london_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o good_a government_n of_o god_n people_n and_o how_o folk_n shall_v be_v restrain_v from_o offend_a and_o live_v in_o quiet_a and_o shall_v receive_v right_o by_o certain_a ancient_a usage_n and_o judgement_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o this_o author_n time_n viz._n that_o of_o edward_n i._o it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n ancient_o meet_v of_o course_n twice_o in_o the_o year_n without_o any_o express_a summons_n from_o the_o king_n and_o this_o it_o seem_v be_v afterward_o alter_v to_o thrice_o in_o the_o year_n viz._n at_o the_o three_o great_a feast_n of_o christmas_n easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o estate_n with_o great_a solemnity_n wear_v his_o crown_n upon_o all_o solemn_a day_n of_o entertainment_n and_o when_o the_o feast_v be_v over_o they_o fall_v to_o dispatch_v the_o public_a affair_n 347._o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n well_o observe_v these_o state_v council_n which_o be_v then_o hold_v ex_fw-la more_n as_o our_o historian_n term_v it_o i._n e._n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n continue_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n as_o shall_v be_v far_o show_v hereafter_o but_o if_o this_o council_n happen_v to_o meet_v at_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a time_n than_o the_o king_n be_v special_a summons_n be_v requisite_a as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o ingulf_n under_o anno_fw-la dom._n 948._o where_o he_o tell_v we_o king_n edred_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o all_o the_o proceres_fw-la and_o optimates_fw-la i._n e._n chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o meet_v he_o at_o london_n at_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o summons_n be_v thus_o issue_v because_o this_o council_n be_v extraordinary_a as_o not_o be_v hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it at_o any_o of_o the_o usual_a great_a feast_n abovemention_v concern_v the_o original_a of_o this_o great_a assembly_n since_o sir_n robert_n filmer_n in_o all_o his_o work_n 118._o and_o particular_o in_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la and_o dr._n johnston_n in_o his_o excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n will_v have_v this_o as_o 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at_o any_o time_n by_o their_o master_n be_v what_o the_o roman_n call_v liberti_n and_o in_o saxon_a freolaetan_a but_o be_v then_o resolve_v into_o the_o body_n of_o ceorles_n or_o countryman_n they_o do_v not_o as_o among_o the_o roman_n constitute_v any_o new_a order_n of_o men._n have_v now_o go_v through_o all_o the_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n who_o either_o live_v in_o or_o be_v maintain_v out_o of_o the_o country_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n say_v somewhat_o of_o another_o distinct_a body_n of_o man_n call_v in_o saxon_a burhwitan_a townsman_n or_o burhwara_a that_o be_v citizens_z or_o townsman_n who_o have_v privilege_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o live_v in_o city_n or_o great_a town_n be_v govern_v by_o their_o own_o particular_a magistrate_n call_v ealdorman_n or_o portgerefan_n i._n e._n port-reeves_n assist_v by_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o place_n saxonic_n call_v in_o saxon_a yldist-burh-wara_a who_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o what_o we_o now_o call_v alderman_n or_o common-council_n man_n for_o as_o for_o the_o title_n of_o mayor_n it_o come_v not_o in_o use_n here_o till_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n but_o as_o for_o these_o magistrate_n and_o member_n of_o city_n and_o town_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o by_o and_o by_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o the_o different_a order_n of_o man_n we_o shall_v now_o descend_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o different_a court_n where_o these_o person_n abovemention_v court_n all_o except_o the_o villain_n be_v bind_v to_o appear_v and_o there_o either_o to_o do_v or_o receive_v justice_n for_o which_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o look_v back_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n alfred_n who_o after_o the_o first_o invasion_n of_o the_o dane_n when_o he_o begin_v to_o resettle_v the_o kingdom_n find_v his_o subject_n so_o far_o corrupt_v by_o a_o long_a and_o hazardous_a war_n that_o all_o place_n be_v full_a of_o robbery_n and_o murder_n there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o the_o make_n of_o more_o severe_a law_n to_o restrain_v they_o so_o that_o omit_v the_o division_n of_o county_n or_o shire_n which_o i_o shall_v speak_v to_o hereafter_o he_o canton_v his_o kingdom_n 1_o st_z into_o trihing_n or_o lath_n lath_n as_o they_o be_v still_o call_v in_o kent_n and_o other_o place_n consist_v of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o in_o which_o the_o freeholder_n be_v judge_n 135._o such_o cause_n be_v bring_v as_o can_v not_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o hundred_o court_n concern_v the_o proceed_n in_o which_o court_n of_o the_o trihing_n or_o lath_n you_o may_v see_v divers_a precedent_n in_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n court_n origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la next_o to_o which_o there_o be_v also_o the_o hundred-court_n in_o saxon_a hundred-gemot_a and_o in_o latin_a centuriata_fw-la because_o it_o original_o consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o hide_n of_o land_n as_o a_o hide_v usual_o of_o a_o hundred_o acre_n or_o else_o because_o super_fw-la decem_fw-la decanos_fw-la &_o centum_fw-la friburgos_n judicabat_fw-la that_o be_v it_o have_v jurisdiction_n over_o ten_o decennary_n or_o a_o hundred_o friborough_n this_o court_n before_o the_o conquest_n be_v hold_v twelve_o time_n a_o year_n and_o afterward_o be_v increase_v by_o henry_n i._o to_o once_o a_o fortnight_n and_o then_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o reduce_v to_o once_o in_o three_o week_n 11._o in_o this_o court_n ancient_o vnus_fw-la de_fw-la melioribus_fw-la qui_fw-la voco_fw-la aldermannus_n one_o of_o the_o principal_a inhabitant_n call_v the_o alderman_n together_o with_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o hundred_o id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o freeholder_n be_v judge_n as_o may_v seem_v by_o the_o b._n register_n of_o ely_n which_o say_v that_o aegelwynnuâ—_n
aldermannus_n venit_fw-la ad_fw-la ely_n &_o infrà _fw-la cimeterium_fw-la ad_fw-la aquilonalem_fw-la portam_fw-la monasterii_fw-la tenuit_fw-la placitum_fw-la cum_fw-la toto_fw-la hundredo_fw-la b._n and_o the_o witness_n of_o contract_n and_o purchase_n than_o be_v testimonio_fw-la hundredi_n here_o not_o only_o temporal_a cause_n but_o ecclesiastical_a be_v handle_v the_o alderman_n or_o principal_a judge_n be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o dei_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la jura_fw-la studebat_fw-la promovere_fw-la who_o study_v to_o promote_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n the_o bishop_n or_o archdeacon_n sit_v therein_o with_o the_o say_a alderman_n which_o jurisdiction_n so_o continue_v until_o the_o beginning_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reign_n that_o he_o by_o a_o special_a precept_n do_v inhibit_v inspex_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la episcopus_fw-la net_n archidiaconus_fw-la de_fw-la legibus_fw-la episcopalibus_fw-la amplius_fw-la in_o hundredo_fw-la placitum_fw-la teneat_fw-la but_o the_o low_a of_o these_o inferior_a court_n be_v that_o of_o the_o decennary_n or_o tything_n court_n which_o yet_o be_v the_o great_a bridle_n upon_o the_o inferior_a sort_n of_o people_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n every_o english_a freeman_n as_o ingulph_n tell_v we_o aught_o to_o be_v in_o some_o hundred_o or_o tything_n i_o mean_v whosoever_o be_v of_o full_a twelve_o year_n of_o age_n 19_o and_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v suspect_v of_o larceny_n or_o theft_n he_o may_v in_o his_o own_o hundred_o or_o ward_n be_v either_o condemn_v or_o give_v security_n in_o some_o manuscript_n it_o be_v be_v acquit_v either_o incur_v or_o avoid_v the_o deserve_a penalty_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n add_v to_o this_o that_o he_o that_o can_v not_o find_v security_n be_v afraid_a of_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o guilty_a person_n either_o before_o his_o give_a security_n or_o after_o shall_v make_v his_o escape_n all_o of_o that_o hundred_o and_o tything_n shall_v incur_v the_o king_n fine_a here_o we_o have_v the_o original_a of_o decennary_n or_o fribourgs_n 27._o in_o which_o every_o man_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v for_o other_o as_o well_o as_o himself_o viz._n master_n for_o their_o servant_n husband_n for_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n before_o they_o have_v attain_v the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o as_o also_o the_o housholder_n for_o his_o guest_n all_o which_o ten_o person_n be_v thus_o bind_v one_o for_o another_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o head_n call_v a_o tythingman_n and_o in_o some_o place_n a_o borsholder_n for_o borgh_n signify_v a_o surety_n or_o pledge_n and_o fri_n be_v all_o one_o as_o free_n from_o whence_o come_v our_o word_n neighbour_n that_o be_v those_o that_o be_v near-pledge_n but_o that_o this_o law_n concern_v the_o decennary_n or_o tything_n be_v not_o only_o make_v for_o the_o mere_a vulgar_a or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n but_o that_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n themselves_o be_v alike_o subject_a to_o it_o 16._o will_v appear_v by_o that_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n confirm_v by_o king_n william_n i._n whereby_o all_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o all_o those_o that_o have_v court_n of_o sac._n soc._n and_o theme_n etc._n etc._n swear_v to_o keep_v their_o knight_n and_o all_o other_o servant_n there_o mention_v in_o their_o frithborg_n i._n e._n franc-pledg_a for_o who_o these_o lord_n or_o master_n themselves_o be_v to_o be_v surety_n so_o that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o offend_v their_o lord_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v right_a in_o their_o court_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o cnute_n every_o thane_n or_o gentleman_n of_o estate_n 50._o be_v to_o have_v his_o family_n under_o his_o own_o pledge_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v accuse_v he_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o he_o in_o the_o hundred_o court_n i._n e._n be_v to_o compel_v he_o to_o appear_v and_o the_o lord_n be_v also_o to_o be_v answerable_a for_o he_o if_o he_o escape_v so_o that_o all_o the_o privilege_n that_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n have_v above_o the_o common_a man_n be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v one_o for_o another_o so_o as_o to_o be_v part_n of_o any_o decennary_n or_o tithing_n but_o each_o of_o they_o be_v head_n of_o his_o own_o friburgh_n and_o his_o family_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a tithe_n of_o itself_o i_o observe_v this_o to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v that_o how_o severe_a soever_o this_o law_n be_v it_o be_v no_o badge_n of_o slavery_n or_o subjection_n upon_o the_o common_a people_n for_o even_o the_o best_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v alike_o subject_a to_o it_o neither_o be_v it_o bring_v in_o or_o increase_v in_o rigour_n by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n as_o some_o with_o great_a prejudice_n than_o truth_n have_v maintain_v since_o the_o norman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a be_v all_o under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n as_o to_o this_o point_n the_o law_n of_o this_o court_n of_o the_o tithe_n be_v these_o first_o that_o if_o any_o one_o offend_v and_o fail_v to_o appear_v the_o other_o surety_n be_v bind_v to_o have_v he_o forthcoming_a to_o justice_n second_o but_o if_o the_o guilty_a party_n flee_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o where_o receive_v without_o a_o testimonial_a from_o the_o tithe_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v so_o that_o a_o man_n be_v out_o of_o any_o tithe_n if_o he_o be_v receive_v in_o any_o town_n the_o whole_a town_n be_v in_o the_o king_n mercy_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n 20._o the_o decennary_n be_v allow_v one_o and_o thirty_o day_n to_o bring_v the_o offender_n to_o justice_n that_o so_o he_o may_v make_v satisfaction_n either_o by_o his_o good_n or_o body_n the_o three_o be_v that_o if_o he_o can_v not_o be_v find_v than_o the_o tithingman_n or_o borsholder_n take_v with_o he_o two_o of_o the_o best_a of_o his_o own_o friburgh_n and_o of_o the_o three_o neighbour_a friburghs_n nine_o to_o wit_n of_o each_o the_o chief_a tithingman_n and_o two_o other_o of_o the_o best_a note_n and_o there_o before_o the_o king_n justice_n if_o he_o can_v he_o be_v to_o purge_v himself_o by_o oath_n of_o the_o offence_n and_o flight_n of_o the_o criminal_a but_o if_o he_o can_v not_o he_o with_o his_o own_o friburgh_n be_v to_o restore_v the_o loss_n out_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o party_n if_o they_o be_v sufficient_a or_o otherwise_o out_o of_o his_o own_o and_o those_o of_o his_o friburgh_n last_o if_o the_o neighbour_a fribourgs_n will_v not_o be_v their_o compurgator_n than_o they_o be_v to_o swear_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v therein_o no_o way_n guilty_a and_o that_o so_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o can_v find_v he_o they_o will_v bring_v the_o offender_n to_o justice_n or_o else_o discover_v where_o he_o be_v there_o be_v many_o other_o particular_n concern_v this_o matter_n which_o i_o pass_v over_o that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v think_v too_o prolix_a but_o these_o be_v the_o most_o material_a a._n but_o beside_o this_o caution_n concern_v pledge_n they_o be_v also_o the_o first_o foundation_n of_o court-baron_n who_o be_v under_o the_o thane_n or_o baron_n i._n e_fw-la the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n as_o their_o head_n and_o he_o be_v to_o undertake_v for_o every_o one_o of_o his_o tenant_n and_o to_o satisfy_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o each_o man._n by_o these_o friburghs_n or_o pledge_n together_o with_o their_o borsholder_n be_v all_o civil_a action_n as_o of_o debt_n trespass_n detinue_n or_o the_o like_a which_o arise_v betwixt_o any_o of_o their_o township_n determine_v but_o when_o there_o be_v a_o cause_n that_o concern_v man_n reside_v in_o several_a signory_n than_o it_o be_v transmit_v to_o the_o next_o superior_a jurisdiction_n viz._n the_o hundred-court_n in_o some_o place_n call_v the_o wapentake_n 28._o there_o still_o remain_v behind_o two_o very_a considerable_a court_n both_o hold_v by_o the_o sheriff_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v ancient_o call_v sciremote_a i._n e._n the_o meeting_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o be_v hold_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n long_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n as_o appear_v from_o sundry_a testimony_n 80._o but_o since_o that_o the_o shireeve_n turn_v from_o the_o french_a word_n tour_n in_o latin_a vice_n and_o in_o english_a turn_v herein_o sit_v together_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n and_o the_o earl_n or_o eolderman_n in_o shire_n that_o have_v eolderman_n 130._o and_o the_o bishop_n and_o shireeve_v in_o such_o county_n as_o be_v commit_v to_o shireeve_v for_o many_o age_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n as_o from_o these_o law_n from_o king_n edgar_n to_o canutus_n cite_v in_o the_o margin_n do_v appear_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v determine_v as_o well_o of_o what_o concern_v ecclesiastical_a as_o
saxon_a time_n i_o shall_v proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o discourse_v somewhat_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o dispose_n of_o their_o good_n and_o personal_a estate_n which_o they_o may_v do_v either_o by_o deed_n or_o last_o will_n in_o write_v as_o at_o this_o day_n but_o if_o they_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n to_o die_v intestate_a than_o their_o good_n be_v equal_o divide_v between_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a tho_o by_o a_o law_n of_o king_n edmund_n the_o relict_n or_o widow_n be_v to_o have_v half_a her_o husband_n good_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o in_o case_n any_o one_o die_v intestate_a than_o the_o child_n be_v equal_o to_o divide_v the_o good_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o a_o salvo_n of_o the_o wife_n dower_n or_o portion_n as_o yet_o therefore_o the_o ordinary_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o administration_n for_o good_n pass_v by_o descent_n as_o well_o as_o land_n and_o upon_o this_o custom_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la be_v ground_v at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o well_o for_o the_o child_n as_o the_o wife_n part_n 122._o according_a as_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v appear_v the_o ancient_a will_n that_o mr._n 5._o selden_n say_v he_o have_v observe_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v one_o of_o king_n edgar_n time_n which_o mr._n lambard_n 548._o have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n and_o that_o be_v of_o one_o brithric_n a_o gentleman_n or_o thane_n and_o his_o wife_n elswithe_a wherein_o they_o devise_v both_o their_o land_n and_o good_n and_o also_o give_v his_o chief_a lord_n and_o the_o lady_n his_o wife_n several_a noble_a legacy_n to_o prevail_v with_o he_o that_o his_o will_n may_v stand_v good_a by_o which_o it_o shall_v seem_v the_o land_n bequeath_v be_v feudal_n land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n which_o can_v not_o be_v alienate_v without_o the_o lord_n consent_n but_o mr._n selden_n there_o further_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o protection_n or_o execution_n of_o this_o testament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o probate_n be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n court_n and_o that_o especial_o because_o divers_a lord_n of_o manor_n have_v to_o this_o day_n the_o probate_n of_o testament_n by_o custom_n continue_v against_o that_o which_o be_v otherwise_o regular_o settle_v in_o the_o church_n but_o as_o for_o intestates_fw-la good_n he_o say_v the_o disposition_n or_o administration_n of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n in_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o he_o that_o die_v 1._o in_o case_n the_o intestate_a be_v a_o immediate_a tenant_n and_o die_v at_o home_n in_o peace_n but_o in_o case_n he_o be_v no_o tenant_n or_o die_v in_o his_o lord_n army_n than_o it_o be_v it_o seem_v as_o other_o inheritance_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o temporal_a court_n within_o who_o territory_n the_o good_n be_v this_o may_v be_v prove_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o that_o time_n which_o ordain_v that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o a_o intestate_a who_o they_o call_v cwiale_a awe_n the_o lord_n 68_o be_v only_o to_o have_v the_o heriot_n due_a to_o he_o which_o be_v also_o appoint_v by_o 68_o the_o law_n of_o the_o same_o time_n that_o by_o he_o the_o lord_n advice_n or_o judgement_n his_o the_o intestate_n good_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n according_a as_o to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o of_o right_n belong_v that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o nearness_n of_o kindred_n if_o no_o child_n or_o nephew_n from_o they_o be_v for_o it_o must_v i_o suppose_v be_v understand_v that_o the_o succession_n be_v such_o that_o the_o child_n exclude_v all_o their_o kindred_n and_o of_o their_o kindred_n the_o next_o succeed_v according_a to_o that_o in_o tacitus_n germanorum_n of_o his_o german_n who_o custom_n be_v doubtless_o mix_v with_o our_o english-saxons_a haeredes_fw-la say_v he_o successorésque_fw-la sint_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la testamentum_fw-la but_o it_o seem_v christianity_n afterward_o bring_v in_o the_o free_a power_n of_o make_v testament_n among_o they_o si_fw-mi liberi_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la in_o possessione_n fratres_n patrui_fw-la auunculi_fw-la but_o this_o be_v express_v only_o in_o case_n the_o tenant_n die_v at_o home_n and_o in_o peace_n for_o if_o he_o die_v in_o his_o lord_n 75._o army_n both_o the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v and_o the_o inheritance_n both_o of_o good_n and_o land_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v as_o it_o ought_v which_o be_v it_o seem_v by_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o temporal_a court_n within_o who_o territory_n the_o death_n of_o the_o intestate_a or_o good_n be_v for_o in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v not_o say_v that_o the_o lord_n judgement_n be_v to_o be_v use_v but_o that_o the_o heir_n shall_v divide_v all_o or_o as_o the_o word_n in_o the_o confessor_n law_n be_v habeant_fw-la heretochiis_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ejus_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la &_o terram_fw-la ejus_fw-la sine_fw-la aliqua_fw-la diminutione_n &_o rectè_fw-la dividant_a inter_fw-la se_fw-la where_o the_o right_a of_o the_o heir_n both_o to_o land_n and_o good_n be_v express_o design_v but_o the_o judge_n that_o shall_v give_v it_o they_o not_o mention_v therefore_o it_o seem_v it_o remain_v as_o other_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n under_o the_o temporal_a jurisdiction_n as_o by_o the_o possessione_n civil_a law_n it_o be_v under_o the_o praetor_n thus_o far_o this_o learned_a and_o great_a author_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v make_v this_o note_n that_o the_o probate_n of_o will_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o civil_a cognizance_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o for_o some_o time_n after_o till_z the_o canon_n law_n be_v more_o general_o receive_v in_o england_n the_o bishop_n court_n take_v this_o power_n to_o themselves_o suppose_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o 6_o the_o chapter_n of_o his_o say_a treatise_n to_o be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o we_o shall_v now_o in_o the_o last_o place_n law_n go_v on_o to_o the_o criminal_a part_n of_o the_o english-saxon_a law_n viz._n the_o manner_n of_o trial_n judgement_n and_o execution_n pass_v and_o inflict_v on_o offender_n in_o those_o time_n all_o trial_n for_o criminal_a matter_n be_v then_o either_o in_o the_o court-leet_n the_o sheriffs-turn_a or_o the_o county-court_n county-court_n in_o which_o last_o the_o great_a offender_n be_v common_o try_v and_o that_o most_o ancient_o by_o witness_n and_o jury_n as_o at_o this_o day_n for_o we_o find_v in_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n 1_o that_o king_n alfred_n command_v one_o of_o his_o justice_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o pass_a sentence_n upon_o a_o verdict_n corrupt_o obtain_v upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o juror_n whereof_o three_o of_o the_o twelve_o be_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o the_o same_o king_n put_v another_o 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coroner_n record_n and_o another_o justice_n have_v the_o same_o punishment_n for_o condemn_v one_o without_o any_o precede_a appeal_n or_o indictment_n yet_o the_o first_o time_n that_o we_o find_v any_o mention_n of_o a_o jury_n by_o man_n peer_n or_o equal_n be_v in_o the_o agreement_n between_o alfred_n and_o guthrune_v the_o dane_n in_o these_o word_n in_o english_a viz._n that_o if_o a_o lord_n or_o a_o baron_n be_v accuse_v of_o homicide_n he_o shall_v be_v acquit_v by_o twelve_o lord_n 492._o but_o if_o of_o inferior_a rank_n he_o shall_v be_v acquit_v by_o eleven_o of_o his_o equal_n and_o one_o lord._n but_o in_o case_n very_o doubtful_a and_o where_o there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a evidence_n by_o witness_n but_o only_o strong_a presumption_n of_o gild_n ordeal_o in_o the_o time_n after_o king_n alfred_n trial_n by_o ordeal_o come_v in_o which_o summoner_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v be_v
interest_n education_n or_o course_n of_o life_n and_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o head_n seem_v frame_v for_o such_o a_o set_v of_o notion_n rather_o than_o other_o which_o make_v they_o that_o they_o can_v easy_o digest_v any_o thing_n that_o clash_v with_o they_o but_o i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o be_v infallible_a or_o to_o propose_v my_o sense_n as_o a_o rule_n and_o standard_n to_o all_o other_o homo_fw-la sum_fw-la nihil_fw-la humanum_fw-la à _fw-la i_o alienum_fw-la puto_fw-la as_o the_o comic_a poet_n have_v long_o since_o well_o observe_v one_o thing_n indeed_o i_o think_v i_o may_v pretend_v to_o in_o this_o undertake_n and_o that_o be_v integrity_n for_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o a_o much_o vile_a thing_n either_o to_o falsify_v or_o conceal_v part_n of_o a_o authority_n that_o make_v against_o one_o and_o use_v only_o so_o much_o as_o shall_v serve_v a_o present_a turn_v that_o it_o be_v to_o pick_v a_o pocket_n and_o as_o it_o be_v of_o far_o more_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o the_o public_a if_o not_o find_v out_o i_o must_v say_v it_o be_v likewise_o more_o easy_o to_o be_v discover_v since_o every_o man_n may_v if_o he_o please_v consult_v the_o author_n that_o such_o writer_n make_v use_v of_o and_o so_o detect_v the_o fraud_n but_o for_o those_o who_o think_v they_o may_v differ_v from_o i_o in_o some_o thing_n with_o good_a reason_n and_o authority_n and_o will_v please_v by_o their_o learned_a labour_n to_o give_v the_o world_n any_o better_a information_n and_o account_n of_o these_o matter_n than_o i_o have_v do_v i_o shall_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v displease_v at_o they_o that_o i_o shall_v upon_o full_a satisfaction_n ready_o own_v myself_o very_o much_o in_o their_o debt_n for_o make_v the_o world_n and_o i_o so_o much_o the_o wise_a only_o i_o must_v desire_v to_o be_v treat_v as_o one_o who_o if_o i_o chance_v to_o be_v under_o any_o error_n be_o not_o so_o wilful_o nor_o as_o i_o think_v without_o great_a appearance_n of_o reason_n and_o authority_n on_o my_o side_n since_o i_o call_v god_n to_o witness_v that_o neither_o from_o a_o vain_a ambition_n of_o glory_n nor_o prospect_n of_o any_o temporal_a advantage_n nor_o design_n of_o gratify_v any_o party_n or_o faction_n have_v i_o write_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v disgust_v man_n of_o different_a principle_n and_o notion_n and_o i_o thank_v god_n for_o this_o great_a blessing_n to_o we_o that_o we_o live_v in_o a_o time_n when_o we_o may_v not_o only_o think_v or_o speak_v but_o also_o safe_o write_v what_o we_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o truth_n to_o which_o all_o mankind_n do_v owe_v allegiance_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v i_o never_o shall_v abuse_v that_o invaluable_a liberty_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o government_n or_o that_o excellent_a constitute_v church_n of_o which_o i_o own_v myself_o a_o member_n be_v full_o satisfy_v that_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o write_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n the_o table_n to_o the_o preface_n and_o introduction_n a._n have_v on_o the_o case_n how_o ancient_a page_n 126_o adultery_n its_o punishment_n 125_o aetheling_n the_o title_n what_o it_o be_v 72_o st._n alban_n his_o suffering_n most_o probable_o a_o legend_n 24_o 25_o 26_o king_n alfred_n his_o preface_n to_o pope_n gregory_n pastoral_n 11._o his_o testament_n with_o observation_n upon_o it_o 51_o 52_o allodium_fw-la land_n hâ—ld_v in_o allodio_n 118_o 119_o annal_n saxon_n a_o brief_a account_n of_o they_o and_o their_o translation_n 10_o 11_o ancient_a demesne_n tenant_n therein_o 121_o antiquity_n of_o the_o ordeal_o 124._o of_o the_o distinction_n between_o manslaughter_n and_o murder_n 126_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n ancient_o of_o equal_a dignity_n and_o power_n 116_o asser_n menevensis_n a_o account_n of_o he_o and_o his_o write_n 12_o 13_o b._n baro_n its_o ancient_a signification_n 93_o 94._o when_o it_o come_v first_o in_o common_a use_n 102_o barones_n comitatû_n what_o they_o be_v 96_o bede_n the_o first_o english_a historian_n 10_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n often_o bestow_v by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon-time_n 113_o 114_o bishop_n sometime_o deprive_v by_o the_o same_o council_n 115_o 116_o blasphemy_n vid._n swear_v and_o curse_v bocland_n what_o it_o be_v 118._o the_o same_o with_o land_n in_o allodio_n 119_o dr._n brady_n his_o error_n concern_v the_o english-saxon_a succession_n 50_o 51_o etc._n etc._n britain_n how_o divide_v under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 31_o 32_o bromton_n john_n a_o account_n of_o the_o chronicle_n that_o pass_v under_o his_o name_n 16_o burglary_n how_o punishable_a 126_o burhwitan_n or_o burhwara_n who_o they_o be_v 80_o c._n caradoc_n of_o lancarvon_n his_o welsh_a chronicle_n 15_o ceorl_n or_o ceorl_n man_n i._n e._n countryman_n his_o privilege_n 77_o chancellor_n whence_o derive_v and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o that_o office_n 73_o clip_v and_o coin_v of_o money_n its_o punishment_n 126_o coin_v of_o money_n a_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n 67_o colonus_n its_o signification_n 121_o combat_n single_a or_o duel_n 125_o comes_n littoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la who_o he_o be_v 33_o commons_o present_a in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 88-101_a to_o have_v be_v also_o present_a there_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n william_n i._n 97._o prove_v also_o to_o have_v a_o right_n by_o prescription_n before_o his_o time_n 98_o compurgator_n who_o 125_o conquest_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o invasion_n never_o alter_v this_o government_n or_o law_n in_o any_o of_o its_o substantial_a part_n 127_o contract_n or_o compact_a original_a between_o the_o first_o english_a saxon_n king_n and_o their_o subject_n prove_v 69_o 70._o and_o that_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o coronation-oath_n 71_o 72_o coronation_n of_o our_o king_n whence_o derive_v 16_o coronation-oath_n its_o form_n before_o the_o pretend_a conquest_n 58_o cost_v recover_v of_o cost_v and_o damage_n how_o ancient_a pag._n 126_o great_a council_n of_o the_o wites_z for_o what_o end_v they_o be_v establish_v 41_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n its_o original_a 86-88_a the_o person_n of_o who_o it_o consist_v 87-102_a these_o council_n often_o meet_v in_o the_o open_a air_n 104._o it_o be_v power_n in_o make_v law_n 105-08_a county_n their_o division_n more_o ancient_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n alfred_n 84_o the_o county-court_n what_o 84_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o england_n how_o many_o they_o be_v under_o the_o saxon_a king_n 80_o 85_o court-baron_n their_o original_a 82_o craig_n sir_n thomas_n his_o objection_n against_o the_o truth_n and_o antiquity_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n consider_v 18-23_a crown_n of_o england_n not_o bequeathable_a by_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o english-saxon_a king_n 51_o 52_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la its_o signification_n 85_o d._n danegelt_n first_o impose_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o wites_z 120_o the_o decennary_n or_o tything-court_n what_o 81_o defamation_n how_o punishable_a 126_o degree_n of_o man_n that_o constitute_v the_o common-weal_n 72-80_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n can_v not_o be_v grant_v away_o even_o to_o pious_a use_v by_o the_o english-saxon_a king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n 68_o deprivation_n of_o english_a saxon_a king_n 68_o of_o bishop_n by_o the_o great_a council_n 115_o 116_o deputy_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n how_o ancient_a 95_o disposition_n of_o good_n and_o personal_a estate_n either_o by_o deed_n or_o last_o will_n 121_o doom_n or_o judgment-book_n 127_o durham_n simeon_n who_o he_o be_v 15_o dux_n britanniae_fw-la what_o he_o be_v 33_o e._n eadmerus_n his_o history_n pag._n 14_o ealdorman_n the_o title_n 73_o east-angle_n the_o succession_n of_o their_o king_n 45_o east-saxon_a king_n their_o succession_n 43_o ecclesiastical_a law_n by_o who_o make_v 108-113_a ecclesiastical_a power_n settle_v at_o first_o under_o the_o two_o archbishop_n of_o canâ—erbury_n and_o york_n 116_o eddi_n stephen_n author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o bishop_n wilfred_n with_o a_o brief_a account_n of_o he_o 10_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o manner_n of_o his_o election_n 61_o electus_n &_o eligerunt_fw-la their_o true_a signification_n 55_o 56_o encomium_fw-la emmae_fw-la 14_o english-saxons_a vid._n saxon_n eorl_n 74_o ethelwerd_n surname_v quaestor_n a_o account_n of_o he_o and_o his_o work_n 14_o f._n feng_n to_o rice_n the_o meaning_n of_o that_o saxon_a phrase_n 55_o feudal_n land_n what_o 122_o fideles_fw-la who_o they_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a government_n 107_o fidelium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n what_o it_o signify_v 104_o 105_o fine_n and_o mulct_n their_o difference_n set_v down_o in_o a_o
of_o the_o land_n and_o privilege_n of_o croyland_n monastery_n in_o a_o great_a council_n id._n p._n 254._o of_o king_n berthwulf_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n confirm_v under_o the_o rule_n of_o st._n benedict_n in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o kingsbury_n id._n p._n 261._o of_o king_n edgar_n about_o his_o subdue_a the_o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n with_o the_o city_n of_o dublin_n and_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o isle_n as_o far_o as_o norway_n doubtless_o fictitious_a l._n 6._o p._n 12._o by_o a_o extract_n from_o king_n cnute_n charter_n preserve_v in_o the_o evidence_n of_o that_o church_n the_o port_n of_o sandwich_n be_v give_v to_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n with_o all_o the_o issue_n etc._n etc._n id._n p._n 54._o of_o king_n cnute_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n edmundsbury_n grant_n and_o confirm_v all_o its_o land_n and_o privilege_n the_o beginning_n of_o it_o somewhat_o remarkable_a ibid._n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o coventry_n ratify_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o a_o bull_n of_o pope_n alexander_n id._n p._n 72._o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o confirm_v the_o foundation_n of_o waltham-abbey_n id._n p._n 89._o the_o curia_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n confirm_v his_o charter_n of_o endowment_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o westminster_n part_n of_o which_o be_v there_o set_v down_o id._n p._n 94._o charter_n and_o other_o write_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v make_v after_o the_o french_a way_n id._n p._n 98._o chastity_n queen_n etheldrith_n though_o twice_o marry_v yet_o will_v not_o suffer_v either_o of_o her_o husband_n to_o know_v she_o l._n 4._o p._n 198_o 199._o a_o heroic_a example_n of_o it_o in_o the_o abbess_n of_o coldingham_n nunnery_n in_o yorkshire_n l._n 5._o p._n 269._o king_n edgar_z perhaps_o love_v it_o in_o other_o though_o he_o do_v not_o mucâ—_n practice_v it_o himself_o l._n 6._o p._n 11._o edward_n the_o confessor_n high_o extol_v his_o wife_n for_o her_o chastity_n id._n p._n 96._o cherbury_n in_o shropshire_n ancient_o call_v cyricbyrig_n l._n 5._o p._n 316._o chertsey_n in_o surrey_n ancient_o call_v ceortesige_n l._n 6._o p._n 6._o chester_n ancient_o call_v legion_n l._n 4._o p._n 164._o legacester_n l._n 5._o p._n 301._o l._n 6._o p._n 8._o concacestre_fw-fr l._n 5._o p._n 286._o call_v also_o caerlegion_n l._n 5._o p._n 315._o and_o cunaeceaster_n l._n 6._o p._n 26._o the_o place_n where_o the_o dane_n take_v up_o their_o quarter_n against_o king_n alfred_n force_n which_o make_v they_o suffer_v great_a extremity_n l._n 5._o p._n 301._o repair_v by_o the_o command_n of_o earl_n ethelred_n and_o his_o wife_n ethelfleda_n id._n p._n 315._o the_o head_n of_o leofred_n a_o dane_n and_o gryffyth_v ap_fw-mi madoc_n set_v up_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n there_o id._n p._n 321._o the_o province_n much_o spoil_v and_o ruin_v by_o the_o norwegian_a pirate_n l._n 6._o p._n 20._o chichester_n the_o bishop_n see_v be_v former_o at_o selsey_n l._n 4._o p._n 198._o ancient_o cisseancester_n in_o sussex_n where_o the_o dane_n carry_v their_o prey_n from_o alfred_n l._n 5._o p._n 300._o the_o bishopric_n be_v call_v that_o of_o the_o south-saxons_a l._n 6._o p._n 88_o chiltern_n the_o woody_n country_n of_o buck_n and_o oxfordshire_n ancient_o call_v clytern_a l._n 6._o p._n 34._o chipnam_fw-la vid._n cippenham_n choisy_n ancient_o cazii_n signify_v a_o royal_a village_n it_o be_v in_o france_n l._n 5._o p._n 290._o christianity_n first_o preach_v in_o this_o island_n when_o and_o by_o who_o l._n 2._o p._n 51_o 52._o when_o and_o by_o who_o first_o preach_v in_o germany_n l._n 4._o p._n 211._o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n have_v the_o port_n in_o sandwich_n give_v to_o it_o by_o king_n cnute_n with_o all_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n etc._n etc._n l._n 6._o p._n 54._o chrysanthius_n the_o son_n of_o marcian_n a_o novatian_a bishop_n suppose_v to_o be_v send_v into_o britain_n by_o theodosius_n as_o his_o lieutenant_n l._n 2._o p._n 97._o church_n pope_n gregory_n determination_n concern_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n l._n 4._o p._n 156._o when_o their_o due_n ought_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o the_o punishment_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o they_o a_o sanctuary_n to_o those_o that_o fly_v to_o it_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o capital_a crime_n the_o punishment_n those_o be_v to_o undergo_v that_o fight_n in_o a_o church_n id._n p._n 208._o withred_n great_a care_n of_o the_o church_n in_o kent_n id._n p._n 210_o 211._o be_v free_v from_o all_o public_a payment_n and_o tribute_n whatsoever_o id._n p._n 212._o with_o how_o bright_a a_o lustre_n religion_n shine_v in_o the_o primitive_a church_n l._n 5._o p._n 24â—_n alfred_n law_n entitle_v the_o immunity_n of_o the_o church_n id._n p._n 292_o 296_o 297._o the_o forfeiture_n for_o steal_v any_o thing_n from_o thence_o id._n p._n 297._o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n for_o prince_n themselves_o to_o be_v blind_o obedient_a to_o the_o discipline_n of_o it_o l._n 6._o p._n 3._o edgar_n law_n concern_v the_o immunity_n of_o the_o church_n l._n 6._o p._n 13._o when_o church_n in_o wales_n begin_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o superiority_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n id._n p._n 21._o the_o original_a of_o coat-armour_n its_o be_v hang_v up_o in_o church_n from_o whence_o suppose_v id._n p._n 57_o in_o all_o court_n of_o civil_a plea_n cause_n concern_v holy_a church_n be_v to_o be_v first_o determine_v id._n p._n 99_o those_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o church_n not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o plead_v out_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n unless_o justice_n be_v want_v there_o ibid._n the_o law_n concern_v those_o who_o violate_v the_o peace_n of_o it_o ibid._n when_o the_o church_n be_v not_o excuse_v from_o pay_v of_o danegelt_n id._n p._n 100_o in_o what_o case_n the_o church_n be_v to_o have_v one_o moiety_n of_o treasure-trove_a id._n p._n 101._o cimbric_n chersonese_n now_o call_v jutland_n l._n 3._o p._n 121._o cimerii_n and_o cimbri_n derive_v from_o gomer_n by_o who_o the_o ancient_a gallia_n waâ—_n first_o inhabit_v l._n 1._o p._n 4._o cippenham_n now_o chipnam_n in_o wiltshire_n l._n 5._o p._n 262_o 283._o cirencester_n the_o city_n besiege_v take_v and_o burn_v and_o by_o who_o l._n 3._o p._n 148._o civilis_fw-la send_v for_o by_o theodosius_n to_o govern_v britain_n as_o vice-praefect_a l._n 2._o p._n 93._o civil_a war_n between_o cartismandua_n and_o venutius_n l._n 2._o p._n 45_o 46._o between_o otho_n and_o vitellius_n id._n p._n 53._o claudia_n rufina_n wife_n of_o pudens_n a_o senator_n of_o rome_n l._n 2._o p._n 66._o vid._n rufina_n claudian_n his_o verse_n in_o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la getico_n suppose_v to_o be_v design_v for_o the_o second_o departure_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n l._n 2._o p._n 101._o claudius_n the_o emperor_n as_o he_o be_v come_v to_o invade_v the_o britain_n have_v twice_o like_a to_o have_v be_v cast_v away_o by_o foul_a wether_n but_o at_o last_o obtain_v a_o victory_n over_o they_o and_o at_o his_o return_n to_o rome_n the_o senate_n decree_v he_o a_o triumph_n and_o annual_a game_n with_o two_o triumphal_a arch_n l._n 2._o p._n 39_o 40._o live_v about_o three_o year_n after_o his_o send_v aulus_n didius_n into_o britain_n his_o death_n suppose_v of_o poison_n give_v he_o by_o his_o wife_n agrippina_n id._n p._n 45._o a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o he_o look_v on_o as_o a_o badge_n of_o their_o eternal_a slavery_n id._n p._n 47._o claudius_n marc._n aurel._n flau._n elect_a emperor_n gallienus_n be_v slay_v perform_v several_a great_a action_n and_o die_v sudden_o l._n 2._o p._n 82._o clergy_n the_o british_a gildas_n his_o character_n and_o reproof_n of_o they_o l._n 3._o p._n 140._o may_v marry_v if_o out_o of_o holy_a order_n and_o that_o they_o can_v otherwise_o contain_v great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o their_o stipend_n to_o make_v they_o more_o diligent_a in_o service_n and_o of_o their_o hospitality_n l._n 4._o p._n 155._o to_o receive_v no_o reward_n for_o baptise_v or_o for_o the_o other_o sacrament_n id._n p._n 225._o several_a constitution_n make_v against_o their_o commit_a offence_n l._n 5._o p._n 284_o 285._o their_o good_n and_o possession_n establish_v to_o they_o by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n l._n 6._o p._n 99_o chlodius_n balbinus_n vid._n balbinus_n chlorus_n constantius_n adopt_a caesar_n by_o maximinian_n be_v send_v by_o he_o against_o carausius_n l._n 2._o p._n 83._o fire_v his_o own_o ship_n that_o so_o his_o soldier_n may_v have_v no_o hope_n leave_v they_o of_o safety_n but_o in_o victory_n id._n p._n 84._o choose_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o western_a province_n whereof_o britain_n be_v one_o and_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o persecution_n here_o raise_v