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into the contrary party Gheffier and the Spanish Minister conspiring by concert to stir up a new Revolt with money and other endeavours raised some of the Commons under the pretext to abolish the new erected Courts of Justice and to restore the Bishop About Coira there happened betwixt the Parties a bloody Encounter and according to the reciprocation of force sometimes making faulty and sometimes giving authority another Tribunal was erected in that Town which abolished the acts of that of Tosana called back the banished and punished the Judges themselves The oppressed had recourse to the Venetians but instead of assistance they received Councils for a sincere reconciliation for in effect in that confusion of affairs they knew not how to design any advantage and foresaw that the most powerful at last would reap the benefit Nevertheless in the Agnedina the tumult began of its own accord and taking Arms spread it self through all the Country with so much violence that the new Judges fled from Coira and those formerly banished absented themselves anew In Cicer twenty nine Ensigns being assembled they established a Tribunal of sixty six persons who taking a review of things past were to act in such sort that Gheffier should not stay in Rhetia All that had been decreed by the Judicatory of Tosana was authorized by this and what had been acted to the contrary made void It was enough for Feria Governour of Milan to have put the Country into confusion content at present to foment the disorder underhand and whilst all the Ministers of the Monarchy of Spain were assembled upon the occurrences of the Empire to apply himself to what in their absence at this time happened Matthias the Emperour after a long sickness of mind no less than of body expiring in the month of March left for the Election of a Successor minds divided according to the difference in Religion The Catholicks animated by the Offices of the Pope and upheld by the promises of the Spaniards inclined to Ferdinand as one who being taken notice of for piety might also be able with puissant Forces to maintain the Dignity and Religion On the other side it hath been said how much the Protestants abhorred him Whereupon the Palatine laboured all he could that the Diet might be deferred the better to concert his exclusion and the others were willing enough to observe the issue of the present Revolts taking for pretext that the stirs in Bohemia ought first to be quieted and afterwards in the general calm of the Empire choice made of a Head to the satisfaction of all But the Archbishop of Mentz to whom as Chancellor of Germany the Charge belongs proclaims a Diet at Francfort and at last the Electors appeared there either in person or by their Deputies although to hinder it there were some that infested the High-ways and kept them in a manner besieged The Bohemians rejecting the Letters by which Ferdinand offered clemency pardon confirmation of Priviledges with Liberty of Conscience and all that which they could pretend stir up those that were far and near Upper Austria unites with the Rebels a few Catholicks in vain contradicting and declare to govern themselves by themselves till it should be decided who ought lawfully to succeed pretending it did belong to Albert Brother of the Emperour deceased notwithstanding his renouncing to it in favour of Ferdinand And the Lower would not have acted otherwise and in particular Vienna which was pestered with Heresie if Ferdinand being then there had not with his authority and presence withheld it In Moravia the States being assembled in Bruna and having sounded one anothers minds and estimated their Forces follow the same resolution in favour of the Bohemians notwithstanding that a little before that Province had sent to Ferdinand a succour of 3000 Foot and 2000 Horse who having understood in their march the resolution of their Province facing about in a general tumult returned The General only who was that Albert of Wallestain who by that act of fidelity gave beginning to that great Fortune which in a few years carried him to an Ascendant and afterwards to a Precipice went on to Ferdinand delivering a certain sum of money he had in his possession for the payment of his Souldiers but the Moravians had a mind to fetch it again by force detaining till it was restored in arrest the Cardinal Dietrichstein a faithful Servant to the King who believing himself more in want of faithful Counsellors than money although he was in great necessity for his liberty readily restores it Ferdinand by all this was at the very brink of passing to the succession and the Empire in a calamitous condition and exposed even to the extremity of dangers for la Tour sollicited by some Barons of Austria came near to the Danube and being furnished with Boats by those of his Party passed it to the terrour of the Country and of the City of Vienna having as it were no Garrison but the presence and constancy of Ferdinand whilst the Souldiers within it exceeded not 1500 Foot and 200 Horse who were to guard it from the Inhabitants no less than from Enemies because they held Correspondence with la Tour and had treated to deliver him a Port. But he having lain still two days at Fischen lost the Victory because believing to conquer a City by the same manner he had made whole Provinces revolt with Letters and invitations he wrote to Vienna and while he expected an answer the University armed five hundred Scholars Victuals were brought in and some Souldiers arrived Most opportunely of all came the succours of certain Companies of Cuirassiers sent by the great Duke of Tuscany to his Kinsman which by the address of one Santilier a French Gentleman falsifying their Colours entred passing through the midst of the Bohemish Squadrons into Vienna in that very instant that the King was hard put to it by some who insolently plucking him by the Doublet required the Concession of Priviledges and Liberty of Conscience But hearing the trampling of the Horses and unexpectedly seeing the Souldiers run up and down the streets with their Swords in their hands the fright was so great amongst them that they dispersed and together with them the Conventicles were dissolved which they held in private houses wherein also store of Arms were gathered together La Tour to give courage to his drew near to the City and lodging in the Suburbs besieges it but for a few days only for D'Ampierre with 4000 men raised in Hungary designing to joyn with Buquoy who was strong 1000 Cuirassiers Mansfelt attempted to hinder him in his way but Buquoy fell upon him so opportunely out of an Ambuscade that he defeated him with a great number of slain and more of Prisoners Upon this advice la Tour draws off from Vienna fearing lest upon this disgrace the Bohemians might be wavering But Fortune carried Ferdinand from a Siege to the Empire for fetching a long compass and arriving
minds to whatsoever fault or interest Anthonio was at that time Ambassadour in the Court of England and to clear this account he had leave to come to Venice where haranguing in the Senate with great power and no less hope to pacifie mens minds by the merits of his Ancestors and his own Services he found that in cases the most important Justice did not hold the ballance to equalize merits with faults Being summoned to Prison to render account as a Delinquent and yielding to it he was banished with a Sentence of Death and Confiscation of Goods his Name and Posterity cancelled out of the Order of the Patricians He retired himself into England where Girolamo Lando succeeding him in the Ambassage moves the King to discharge him thence But the Senate by the League with the Duke Carlo believing by his strong diversion the State at Land only secured from the attempts of the Milanese and by that of the Switzers judging to have provided themselves with little more than with the appearance and some numbers of Souldiers applied themselves to an equal strength of shipping and men also on the Sea-coast lest the Viceroy of Naples should continue his thoughts to disturb the Islands and the Gulph For this cause they listened to a Proposition of Alliance insinuated from the United Provinces of Holland in which besides the common interest of Liberty and Commerce they had a great desire to strengthen themselves with some strong support before-hand if within a while the Truce coming to expire they should be exposed to a new ingagement with the powerful Forces of Spain Christofero Suriano was at this time Resident for the Venetians at the Haghe who with much ripeness of judgment and dexterity in the managing of persons had introduced himself into a confidence with the Prince of Oâ—â—…nge and the Chief of the States and from thence collecting easily their sense he proceeded from discourses to a Treaty for which some Deputies of the States of the Provinces being appointed to treat with him they set down in writing the Conditions of a League of common defence But being propounded in Venice for the approbation of the Senate opinions differed for amongst those of the Colledge Giovanni Nani judged that the Conclusion should be deferred believing that the Republick though involved in great and grievous suspicions ought not at this time to intangle it self in that interest which presupposing a perpetual War put her into such and so great expences and dangers that the remedy would be found worse than the present evils And so he spake to this purpose If it be true that the faith of Princes is a bond not to be untyed and that Treaties of Leagues as Marriages make a Community of Fortune and Interests it is never too late to resolve upon a Decree which cannot be retracted nor amended A Decree which concerns an Alliance not of those States which govern their Councils by the alteration of things by the vicissitude of affections by the corruptions of Ministers and the change of Governours but of two Republicks in their Constitution immortal in their Maxims immoveable and in their Word constant An Vnion comprehending a short period and a limited number of years yet extends it self to the most weighty affairs and putting the Republick into a long and inextricable Labyrinth draws along with it consequences of great moment because it hath for its object a perpetual War in which with unwearied exercise of mind the Vnited Provinces defend their Religion and Liberty against a most powerful King implacable in the offence and indefatigable in the resentment That the Treasure of the Republick should be poured forth to the assistance of the weak that our aids should be the certain Capital of the oppressed that the Arsenals and Treasuries should be common to Italy there are so strong motives that it cannot be denied but they have not the same force for the affairs of Holland and if they have force by ballancing the reasons it is fit that we measure their strength Our succours perhaps will be large yet unsufficient to be able to maintain a War which subsists upon terms of Liberty and Rebellion irreconciliable with subjection and Kingly Authority A War extended to the four parts of the World which hath no limits nor can be bounded which hath emptied Spain of People exhausted the Indies of Gold and swallowed the Blood and Treasures of Europe The Republick hath always been most just in her undertakings in her own defence most circumspect and in the assistance of others constant What is now pretended is it to take Arms against Spain have we Peace with him is it to preserve our selves but what more safe remedy than the sparing the vital spirits for our own occasions Some desire to perswade those States at the end of the Truce to make an end of the War but if in their intestine Divisions having experienced greater mischiefs from Peace than hazards in the War they are thereto perswaded by their own interest that diversion will surely serve to our advantage and that War will be carried on without us under the shadow of which Italy will take breath and the Republick protected by Heaven against force and treasons will happily enjoy a calm and quiet peace Holland hath the assistance of their Neighbours and they most potent Princes some conformable to their own Religion others by a suitableness to their conveniencies and designs and these can and will uphold her with puissant Forces To what purpose then hasten our Carrier if by the steps of others without wearying our selves we may arrive at the end of our advantages The Republick hath to its praise assumed to her self the protection of Italy hath maintained it and doth maintain it with glory but it would be too vast a thought to espouse all the differences of Europe and have to do in every part of the World If out of prudence we have abstained from meddling in the affairs of Bohemia why should we pinch our selves with those of Holland is it to obtain assistance But that people will not be wanting to be serviceable to us without a League who agree with all the World where there is money and reward I deny not but that friends are a great defence and that in true Mesnagery that Treasure is not to be valued which keeps the Monster of War far off But do the bonds of friendship consist in Treaties only The affections of Princes are there joyned where the Interests are not separate Who doubts but that the Vnited Provinces will embrace our assistance as often as being in distress it may be seasonable to give it and render it to us again when the Conjunction of affairs shall shew it to be necessary We have hitherto at least drawn Commanders Souldiers Ships out of that Country open to the money of all That very money which for the purchase of a friendship not necessary we are here vainly so ready to disburse shall be that
and Obedience take their turns that we are equally capable to govern and to be governed that to the ambitious dignity of Command is associated the vertuous moderation of a private life and the most easie yoke of the Laws So that our Republick is ordered like the Heaven in which the Citizens in resemblance to the Stars have by office in the universal felicity influence and light but with various Situations divers Aspects and different Motions enjoying sometimes a fulness of light lending it often to others and then themselves suffering an Eclipse Ought we then to accuse the Divine Providence because it hath not distributed to all the same offices and stations Shall we then also in our Country where Ten make a supreme Council which by annual change give place to the merits of others stir our selves up to envy and anger because we all cannot be capable of it at once I dread to think that there is any that detests the rigour of Justice the severity of the Laws and the Authority of the Council of Ten. Let us in this case then suppose our selves guilty from our selves and to offend without punishment will we quite abolish Justice and Government it self Let us I pray turn these invectives against the offences let us abhor the Delinquents let us make Decrees against faults and on the contrary let us venerate that Ray of Divinity which though it strike the wicked with Thunder is a guide to the innocent I account the antiquity of such a Council always venerable and the Ages by which its Authority hath been established a Council chosen by our selves composed of our selves is the Maintainer of the Laws the Protection of Liberty and the Bridle of Subjects But what shall become of us and our Posterity if wanting the sacred refuge of our defence we shall think to offend without punishment and be audaciously despised What protects the Dignity of Persons and of Families the security of quiet and civil living the liberty it self of the Government but the Council of Ten alone which sharply punishing offences restrains with their Name and Authority the thoughts also of attempting them We by weakening it and exposing it to contempt think by it to diminish punishment and by it provoke injuries Do any perhaps under the pretext of regulating abuses go about to abase the Power of the Government A sad design which betrays to himself and his posterity the hopes of those rewards which the Country with considerable dignity largely imparts Let such go out from amongst us let them not be esteemed worthy to be Sons of so great a Common-wealth and he that would withdraw himself from the Laws and from punishments contriving rather to make himself a Criminal than aspiring to be a Judge like a Monster of Vice An. Dom. 1629 let him be separated from us and cut off In our Republick this is the just equality not to do and not to suffer wrongs Away with such conceits that those in Power ought to have a greater liberty and that punishments on Delinquents can be either too heavy or judgments too severe This is the bond of our quiet and the quiet of our Subjects Some Law givers have omitted to mention punishments for certain outragious faults believing that they could never happen in a well ordered Government Our Ancestors on the other side have been willing even in small matters to assign a more severe judgment to the end that not so much as the least offences should give encouragement of coming near to discompose the good order and integrity of the Common-wealth Happy the Country most happy the People and the Government to be admired which hath for its Foundation Law and for its Crown Liberty where those of the better sort excel in example where he finds more restraint that enjoys greater authority Fathers in point of Renown we have no cause to envy any of the ancient States or modern Soveraignties In the largeness of ovr Dominion we have wherewithal to content the moderation of our minds In the duration of liberty we surpass any Common-wealth whatsoever But the deliberation of this day is to overcome our selves therein we give comfort to our Subjects example to Strangers and occasion for a good Report Let the Venetian Nobility all in a body in the most majestical and authoritative of their Assemblies unanimously determine that if Empire and liberty at one and the same birth be acknowledged from God they willingly consecrate themselves to Justice and will govern the people with such moderation and sweetness that for the prevention of offences they make choice for their Court of Justice of the gravest for Laws the severest and for punishments the heaviest Upon these or like words delivered with gravity and received with great attention opinions and minds were so changed that many blushing that they had thought otherwise the Decree with a great number of Votes was willingly embraced and two days after followed the Election of Persons proposed for the new Council of Ten amongst which with great applause Nani was received and what had passed was registred in the publick Records with an honourable memory of his Name ANNO M.DC.XXIX Italy expecting succours from the Alps and by succours safety Lewis arrives there with thirty thousand men having left his Mother Regent at Paris But before the King moved Luigi Contarini the Ambassadour of Venice had gotten a promise from the King of England that he would not interrupt the enterprise and a while after the Peace was concluded which by the death of Buckingham the private passions of Favourities being extinguished consisted in few Articles To renew the ancient Treaties restore Commerce silence reciprocally pretensions about Reprisals prevent them for the future and perform the Conditions of the Marriage if any difficulty should intervene amicably to agree it Each King reserved himself the liberty to assist his Allies without breach of the Peace The Copies of the Treaty till the Ratification were deposited in the hands of the Ministers of the Republick who by the Mediation had gotten great reputation especially Contarini who within a while passed to the Embassy in Ordinary of France The King then freed from that distraction marches towards Italy having first sent to Mantua Monsieur de Landel to carry the News of it to the Duke at a time very seasonable when the Governour of Milan assaulted him with secret promises and Nassau pinched hard upon him who being gone against Mantua and requiring a positive declaration of obedience or resistance while the Duke fenced with general conceptions denounced to him War and Force To the noise hereof the effects afterwards following the Emperour orders to please the Spaniards greatly troubled at the march of the French that his Army should descend into Italy The Duke hereupon in trouble betwixt the hopes of succours and the fear of dangers equally near sending Pomar again to Venice sollicites together with the French Ministers the Republick to declare it self and
while after to supply the necessity of the Cardinal of Savoy part of the Garrison of Monaco was sent to his relief and more to weaken the rest the Prince took occasion of the refusal of Roccabruna a place of his to disburse certain money which was just to serve for the payment of the Souldiers and perswaded the Governour to send sixty more to quarter there for a chastisement Invited by this occasion he causes to be brought to him by night certain of his Subjects who for several offences he kept imprisoned and while the Governour and other Officers slept more soundly from the Jolity and the Wine of a Supper in which the Prince had nobly entertained them communicates to them the desire and intention to rid himself of the Spaniards now but few in number and at present sleeping in great security provided they would be assisting to deliver him from that oppression under which for so many years he had innocently groaned All for the liberty which he promised them consenting to the common safety shaking off their Fetters armed themselves and the Prince with those of the Court putting himself at the head of one Troop and his Son at that of the other they set forward to assault in several parts the Garrison who expecting nothing else were disarmed without defence and after the death of some the rest made Prisoners The Prince advertises presently to the Count d'Ales Governour of Provenza who having in a readiness a relief of Provisions and Souldiers sent it without delay by Sea The Prince then sends back to Sirvela the Souldiers that were Prisoners and the Order of the Fleece because he had secretly consented to receive from King Lodowick that of the Holy Ghost to keep in Monaco a Garrison of French and in recompence of that which he should lose in Naples and elsewhere to enjoy in Fief the Dutchy of Valence in Dauphiné with advantages and pensions for himself and his Son THE HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICK OF VENICE THE TWELFTH BOOK AS an Appendix to so many others which tore Christendom in pieces served the War newly started up in Italy if not great for the occasions for the effects and for the exploits famous at least for the contention of minds curious for the variety of interests and important for the quality of the managements The original was ascribed to certain disgusts of the Barbarins Nephews of Vrban against Edward Prince of Parma and they came to be fomented from grudgings already conceived by several Potentates against the Pope and his House for the Pontificate being governed in these last times by his Nephews with an absolute command Vrban being under the burden of his years weakned in his vigour and authority it seemed that with various injuries to the Princes they abused their power and fortune with an excess of license He that had most of the Popes affection and favour was the Cardinal Francisco deep in his designs often irresolute always a friend to his own Counsels easie to suspect and tenacious in what he affected On the other side the Duke Edward was of high and active spirits sensible of every displeasure prone to resentments otherwise dignified with the Arts Military and Civil Sciences to such a degree that nothing wanted to rank him amongst the most commendable and greatest Princes but that Fortune had either given him an Empire and power equal to his mind or Prudence equalled his mind to his fortune and power In the forementioned War undertaken by the Duke against Spain with boldness more than needed some seeds of discontent had already been scattered betwixt him and the Barbarins either because it seemed to the Duke that the Pope had with coldness interposed to divert the dangers or rather imminent ruine of his Countries or that he had discovered from the propositions which the Nephews had caused to be brought to him in that conjuncture to sell and alienate certain of his Lands for their advantage that the aim of that Family tended more to their private conveniency than to the interest of State Edward afterwards going to Rome in the year one thousand six hundred thirty nine disgusts brake forth more openly for not being treated with those Ceremonies which he affirmed were first promised him nor the Prince Francisco Maria his Brother promoted to the Cardinalat in the pursuit whereof with great hopes to effect it the Duke notwithstanding affirmed to have been engaged by the Barbarins he only obtained of Vrban power to lessen the Revenue of the Monti with a half per Cent upon the advance whereof grounding a new increase of the Capital all he got was to go thence with a not contemptible sum of money That is called at Rome mony de Monti which in Venice is called di Zecca deposited by private persons on the condition of an annual Rent which by the Farnese had been assigned upon the Revenues of Castro a Dukedom they held in Fief of the Church and which by the vicinity to Rome serving them for convenience and honours gave notwithstanding no jealousie to the Popes it having no places of strength in it The Barbarins secretly tempted as in recompense of the favour obtained the mind of Edward to cede to them certain places of that State contiguous to their Lands but the motion being rejected favours were changed into unkindness Whereupon though the Pope did not recall the grant it was yet crossed by the Nephews and with sundry delays and difficulties prolonged and diminished The Duke hereat irritated hastens his departure from Rome and vented his discontents publishing them to the Courts by not visiting the Barbarins nor the Pope by inveighing against the Cardinal Francisco and his Government so highly that Vrban was moved at it even to fears but they were quickly converted into wrath and sharp resentments For the Duke enjoying by concession of the Popes the draught of Corn out of his Country Vrban on a sudden forbids it and in that consisting the best Revenues of Castro the exportation failing the Siri Merchants to whom the Duke had farmed it for ninety 7000 Crowns per an renounce the agreement whereupon that sum being not able to be raised which sufficed to pay the Montists they had recourse to the Courts of Justice and obtained that the Duke should be juridically cited He imputes all to the Barbarins as if they designed to despoil him of that Country and seeing the person of the Judge not separate from that of his Enemies he believed he should be overborn and therefore not regarding the way of Judicature he resolves to fortifie himself against force not only with right but Arms also sending Delfino Angelieri a Gentleman of Monferrat Governour with a Garrison to Castro and causing half-moons and Redouts to be cast up about the place This being judged by the Barberins a crime as if he would resist his Soveraign a Monitory was published by the Auditor of the Chamber in which limiting to the Duke thirty days to