discipline_n 58._o ll._n canut_n cap._n 58._o if_o they_o follow_v their_o rule_n which_o be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o arbitry_n of_o the_o general_n but_o by_o parliament_n these_o among_o other_o scatter_a principle_n concern_v sea-affaire_n may_v serve_v to_o let_v we_o know_v that_o the_o law-martiall_n and_o that_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v branch_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n settle_v by_o the_o general_a vote_n in_o the_o wittagenmot_n and_o not_o leave_v to_o the_o will_n of_o a_o lawless_a general_n or_o commander_n so_o tender_a and_o uniform_a be_v those_o time_n both_o in_o their_o law_n and_o liberty_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o first_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n and_o their_o officer_n if_o the_o saxon_a government_n be_v regular_a in_o time_n of_o war_n how_o much_o rather_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n all_o great_a work_n be_v do_v by_o parcel_n and_o degree_n and_o it_o be_v the_o saxon_n ancient_a way_n in_o germany_n to_o divide_v their_o territory_n into_o several_a circuit_n or_o circle_n and_o to_o assign_v to_o each_o their_o several_a magistrate_n all_o of_o they_o rule_v by_o one_o law_n like_o one_o soul_n work_v in_o several_a member_n to_o one_o common_a good_a thus_o they_o do_v here_o in_o england_n have_v find_v the_o land_n already_o divide_v into_o several_a government_n they_o likewise_o what_o they_o conquer_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n call_v comitatus_fw-la or_o county_n from_o the_o word_n come_v that_o signify_v a_o companion_n and_o the_o county_n thence_o call_v be_v nothing_o but_o society_n or_o association_n in_o public_a charge_n and_o service_n but_o the_o saxon_a word_n be_v shire_n or_o share_n that_o be_v a_o portion_n or_o precinct_n of_o ground_n belong_v to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o great_a town_n and_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o that_o person_n or_o town_n and_o sometime_o of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o people_n as_o north_n or_o south_n folk_n east_n or_o south_n sex_n or_o saxon_n this_o division_n by_o the_o name_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o saxon_a original_a and_o though_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ingulfus_n and_o other_o writer_n hon._n seld._n tit._n hon._n it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v do_v by_o alfred_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v more_o ancient_a if_o the_o reader_n mind_n the_o grant_n of_o peter_n penny_n make_v by_o king_n offa_n wherein_o be_v record_v the_o several_a diocese_n and_o shire_n out_o of_o which_o that_o grant_n be_v make_v under_o the_o very_a same_o name_n that_o they_o own_o at_o this_o day_n 794._o m._n westm_n an._n 794._o and_o that_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o alfred_n time_n by_o the_o space_n of_o 80_o year_n each_o of_o these_o shire_n or_o county_n have_v their_o two_o chief_a governor_n for_o distributive_a justice_n of_o these_o the_o sheriff_n be_v more_o ancient_a and_o worthy_a officer_n be_v the_o lieutenant_n sheriff_n sheriff_n and_o aid_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o county_n in_o certain_a case_n for_o his_o commission_n extend_v not_o to_o levy_v war_n but_o to_o maintain_v justice_n in_o that_o county_n and_o within_o the_o same_o and_o in_o this_o work_n he_o be_v partly_o ministerial_a and_o partly_o judicial_a in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v the_o king_n servant_n to_o execute_v his_o writ_n in_o the_o other_o he_o regulate_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n under_o his_o survey_n 35._o ll._n edw._n c._n 35._o he_o be_v choose_v in_o the_o county_n court_n call_v the_o folkmote_a by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeholder_n and_o as_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o heretock_n be_v entitle_v to_o their_o honour_n by_o the_o people_n favour_n coroner_n coroner_n the_o coroner_n though_o in_o original_a late_a be_v nevertheless_o very_o ancient_a he_o be_v the_o more_o servant_n or_o officer_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o two_o his_o work_n be_v to_o inquire_v upon_o view_n of_o manslaughter_n and_o by_o indictment_n of_o all_o felony_n as_o do_v contra_fw-la coronam_fw-la which_o former_o be_v only_o contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la and_o triable_a only_o by_o appeal_n 13._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 13._o as_o also_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v of_o all_o escheate_n and_o forfeiture_n and_o they_o to_o seize_v he_o be_v also_o to_o receive_v appeal_n of_o felony_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o crown_n plea_n within_o the_o county_n it_o be_v evident_a he_o be_v a_o officer_n in_o alfred_n time_n 300._o miror_fw-la p._n 300._o for_o that_o king_n put_v a_o judge_n to_o death_n for_o sentence_v one_o to_o suffer_v death_n upon_o the_o coroner_n record_v without_o allow_v the_o delinquent_a liberty_n of_o traverse_n this_o officer_n also_o be_v make_v by_o election_n of_o the_o freeholder_n in_o their_o county_n court_n as_o the_o sheriff_n be_v 164._o fit_v n._n br._n 163_o 164._o and_o from_o among_o the_o man_n of_o chief_a rank_n in_o the_o county_n and_o swear_v in_o their_o presence_n but_o the_o king_n writ_n lead_v the_o work_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o county_n court_n and_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n consist_v much_o in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o public_a meeting_n of_o the_o freeholder_n &_o their_o meeting_n be_v either_o in_o one_o place_n or_o in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o county_n in_o each_o of_o which_o the_o sheriff_n have_v the_o manage_v of_o the_o act_n do_v there_o court_n folkmote_a or_o county_n court_n the_o meeting_n of_o the_o freeman_n in_o one_o place_n be_v call_v the_o folkmote_a by_o the_o saxon_n save_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o honourable_a reporter_n coke_n instit_fw-la 2._o p._n 69._o and_o of_o latter_a time_n the_o county_n court_n the_o work_n wherein_o be_v partly_o for_o consultation_n &_o direction_n concern_v the_o order_n of_o the_o county_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o peace_n thereof_o such_o as_o be_v redress_v of_o grievance_n election_n of_o officer_n prevention_n of_o danger_n etc._n etc._n and_o partly_o it_o be_v judicial_a 147._o miror_fw-la p._n 147._o in_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o common_a plea_n of_o the_o county_n the_o church_n affair_n and_o some_o trespass_n do_v therein_o but_o not_o matter_n criminal_a for_o the_o bishop_n be_v judge_n therein_o together_o with_o the_o sheriff_n and_o by_o the_o canon_n he_o be_v not_o to_o intermeddle_v in_o matter_n of_o blood_n yet_o neither_o be_v the_o bishop_n nor_o sheriff_n work_v in_o that_o court_n other_z then_z directory_n or_o declaratory_a for_o the_o freeman_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o the_o other_o do_v but_o edocere_fw-la jura_fw-la populo_fw-la 15._o ll._n canut_n miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 15._o yet_o in_o special_a case_n upon_o petition_n a_o commission_n issue_v forth_o from_o the_o king_n to_o certain_a judge_n of_o oier_n to_o join_v with_o the_o other_o in_o the_o hear_n and_o determine_v of_o such_o particular_a ease_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o but_o in_o case_n of_o injustice_n or_o error_n the_o party_n grieve_v have_v liberty_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n justice_n nor_o do_v the_o common_a plea_n original_o commence_v in_o the_o county_n court_n edgar_n ll._n canut_n ll._n edgar_n unless_o the_o party_n dwell_v in_o several_a liberty_n or_o hundred_o in_o the_o same_o county_n and_o in_o case_n any_o mistake_n be_v in_o the_o commence_v of_o suit_n in_o that_o court_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v upon_o complaint_n the_o king_n write_v reduce_v it_o to_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o in_o this_o also_o the_o king_n own_o court_n have_v no_o preeminence_n 22._o council_n brit._n p._n 197._o tit_n 22._o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n this_o county_n court_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v but_o twice_o a_o year_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o king_n edgar_n but_o upon_o urgent_a emergency_n often_o and_o that_o either_o by_o the_o king_n especial_a writ_n 35_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o or_o if_o the_o emergent_a occasion_n be_v sudden_a and_o important_a by_o extraordinary_a summons_n of_o ring_v the_o moot-bel_n unto_o this_o court_n all_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n assemble_v to_o learn_v the_o law_n to_o administer_v justice_n 35_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o to_o provide_v remedy_n for_o public_a inconvenience_n and_o to_o do_v their_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n before_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n upon_o oath_n and_o in_o the_o work_n of_o administer_a justice_n 4._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 4._o cause_n concern_v the_o church_n must_v have_v the_o precedency_n so_o as_o yet_o the_o canon_n law_n have_v not_o get_v foot_v in_o england_n the_o other_o court_n wherein_o the_o sheriff_n have_v the_o directory_n be_v in_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o free_a man_n in_o several_a
part_n of_o the_o county_n and_o this_o be_v ancient_o tear_v sheriff_n tear_v and_o now_o be_v call_v the_o sheriff_n tear_v which_o simple_o consider_v be_v but_o a_o hundred_o court_n 16._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 16._o or_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v to_o keep_v the_o hundred_o court_n it_o be_v order_v to_o be_v keep_v twice_o every_o year_n viz._n at_o the_o lady_n day_n and_o michaelmas_n 35_o ll._n edgar_n cap._n 5_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o or_o soon_o after_o unto_o this_o court_n all_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o hundred_o repair_v and_o there_o they_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n execute_v the_o same_o power_n and_o work_v for_o kind_n that_o they_o do_v in_o the_o county_n court_n 17._o ll._n canut_n p._n 2._o cap._n 17._o in_o this_o court_n all_o the_o suit_n in_o the_o hundred_o court_n depend_v have_v their_o determination_n and_o other_o have_v their_o commencement_n and_o proceed_n as_o well_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o other_o some_o have_v conceive_v it_o to_o be_v a_o county_n court_n or_o superior_a thereto_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n thereof_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o visitation_n of_o the_o county_n by_o parcel_n or_o in_o circuit_n chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o county_n into_o hundred_o and_o the_o officer_n and_o court_n thereto_o belong_v county_n be_v too_o great_a to_o meet_v upon_o every_o occasion_n and_o every_o occasion_n too_o mean_a to_o put_v the_o whole_a county_n to_o that_o charge_n and_o trouble_v and_o this_o induce_v subdivision_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o of_o the_o hundred_o now_o and_o also_o ancient_o so_o call_v but_o as_o ancient_a if_o not_o more_o be_v the_o name_n pagus_n for_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o german_n in_o the_o execute_n of_o their_o law_n tacitus_n tacitus_n a_o hundred_o of_o the_o free_a man_n join_v with_o the_o chief_a lord_n per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicosque_fw-la and_o in_o raise_v of_o force_n one_o hundred_o be_v select_v ex_fw-la singulis_fw-la pagis_fw-la which_o first_o be_v call_v centenarii_fw-la or_o hundreder_n from_o their_o number_n but_o use_v for_o a_o title_n of_o honour_n like_o the_o triarii_n and_o as_o a_o second_o hereunto_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o testimony_n of_o the_o council_n at_o berkhamsted_n which_o speak_v of_o the_o reduction_n of_o suit_n from_o the_o king_n court_n ad_fw-la pagi_fw-la vel_fw-la loci_fw-la praepositum_fw-la in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v render_v to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o hundred_o or_o burrough_n and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o germany_n their_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o circuit_n call_v centen_a or_o canton_n and_o centengriecht_a and_o the_o hundredere_fw-la they_o call_v centgraven_v or_o hundred_o chief_n 13._o cluer_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 13._o whether_o for_o government_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o for_o command_v in_o time_n of_o war_n the_o late_a whereof_o the_o word_n wapentake_n do_v not_o a_o little_a favour_n among_o these_o one_o be_v per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la call_v the_o centgrave_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o thereunto_o elect_v by_o the_o free_a man_n of_o that_o hundred_o and_o unto_o who_o they_o grant_v a_o stipend_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rent_n 54._o malmesb._n reg._n gest_n p_o 54._o call_v hundredsettena_n together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o same_o the_o division_n of_o the_o county_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v do_v by_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n thereof_o if_o polydore_v testimony_n may_v be_v admit_v and_o it_o may_v seem_v most_o likely_a that_o they_o rule_v their_o division_n at_o the_o first_o according_a to_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o do_v occasion_n the_o great_a inequality_n of_o the_o hundred_o at_o this_o day_n the_o government_n of_o the_o hundred_o rest_v at_o the_o first_o upon_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o hundredar_n but_o afterward_o by_o alfred_n they_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a 4._o ll._n alured_n cap._n 4._o because_o of_o the_o multitude_n and_o reduce_v to_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n and_o twelve_o of_o the_o hundred_o and_o these_o twelve_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v neither_o to_o condemn_v the_o innocent_a nor_o acquit_v the_o nocent_a this_o be_v the_o hundred_o court_n which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o every_o month_n and_o it_o be_v a_o mix_a court_n of_o common_a plea_n and_o crown_v plea_n 20_o ll._n edw._n 35_o ll._n aetheldr_n 1._o ll._n aethelst_n 20_o for_o the_o saxon_a law_n order_n that_o in_o it_o there_o shall_v be_v do_v justice_n to_o thief_n and_o the_o trial_n in_o divers_a case_n in_o that_o court_n be_v by_o ordeale_n their_o common_a plea_n be_v case_n of_o a_o middle_a nature_n as_o well_o concern_v ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o thing_n as_o secular_a 32_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 32_o for_o the_o great_a matter_n be_v by_o commission_n or_o the_o king_n write_v remove_v as_o i_o former_o observe_v saxon._n ll._n aetheldr_n cap._n 1._o lindenbrog_n ll._n allm._n &_o saxon._n all_o freeholder_n be_v bind_v to_o present_v themselves_o hereat_o and_o no_o soon_o do_v the_o defendant_n appear_v but_o he_o answer_v the_o matter_n charge_v against_o he_o and_o judgement_n pass_v before_o the_o court_n adjourn_v except_o in_o case_n where_o immediate_a proof_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v albeit_o it_o be_v hold_v unreasonable_a in_o those_o day_n to_o hold_v so_o hasty_a process_n and_o therefore_o the_o archb._n of_o york_n prefer_v the_o ecclesiastical_a or_o canonical_a way_n before_o this_o last_o in_o their_o meeting_n 155._o council_n brit._n p._n 273._o tacitus_n glossar_n 155._o as_o well_o at_o the_o hundred_o as_o county_n court_n they_o retain_v their_o ancient_a way_n of_o come_v arm_v chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o hundred_o into_o decennary_n this_o be_v the_o last_o subdivision_n of_o the_o county_n and_o that_o rest_v upon_o the_o person_n and_o it_o be_v either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o not_o so_o observable_a as_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o the_o roman_a story_n and_o therefore_o may_v rather_o be_v think_v a_o extract_n from_o moses_n law_n introduce_v by_o alfred_n or_o his_o direction_n i_o say_v this_o rest_v on_o the_o person_n and_o not_o upon_o the_o place_n for_o though_o the_o centeners_n be_v comprehend_v with_o certain_a bound_n yet_o the_o decenner_n be_v not_o limit_v but_o only_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o of_o these_o also_o it_o appear_v to_o i_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n for_o such_o matter_n of_o controversy_n that_o do_v arise_v among_o the_o decenner_n if_o of_o great_a moment_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o chief_a justice_n which_o be_v appoint_v super_fw-la decem_fw-la decanes_fw-la which_o i_o conceive_v be_v ten_o chief_a pledge_n and_o these_o may_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o centeners_n although_o they_o be_v not_o the_o centgraven_v and_o the_o rather_o i_o incline_v thereto_o because_o in_o all_o probability_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v above_o one_o hundred_o freeholder_n in_o hundredo_n and_o all_o free_a man_n be_v decenner_n 19_o ll._n canut_n c._n 19_o that_o be_v rank_v into_o several_a ten_o each_o one_o be_v pledge_n for_o other_o good_a bear_n and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n to_o answer_v it_o before_o the_o judge_n and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n of_o appearance_n his_o nine_o pledge_n shall_v have_v one_o and_o thirty_o day_n to_o bring_v the_o delinquent_n forth_o to_o justice_n if_o this_o fail_v than_o the_o chief_a of_o those_o decenner_n by_o the_o vote_n of_o that_o and_o the_o neighbour_n decennary_n be_v to_o purge_v himself_o and_o his_o fellow_n pledge_n both_o of_o the_o guilt_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o of_o be_v party_n to_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o if_o they_o can_v not_o this_o do_v than_o be_v they_o by_o their_o own_o oath_n to_o acquit_v themselves_o and_o to_o bind_v themselves_o to_o bring_v the_o delinquent_n to_o justice_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v &_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o pay_v the_o damage_n out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o if_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a then_o out_o of_o their_o own_o estate_n but_o if_o the_o delinquent_n estate_n be_v sufficient_a the_o surplusage_n thereof_o remain_v with_o the_o pledge_n and_o last_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n be_v a_o pledge_n for_o his_o whole_a family_n 28_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 15_o ll._n canut_n c._n 28_o this_o be_v the_o law_n of_o decenner_n and_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v somewhat_o a_o rigorous_a law_n not_o only_o in_o case_n of_o delinquency_n but_o also_o for_o their_o abode_n for_o none_o of_o they_o may_v depart_v from_o their_o dwell_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o fellow_n pledge_n 15._o ll._n alured_n cap._n 33._o ll._n canut_n p._n 2._o cap._n
the_o clergyman_n then_o his_o richard_n be_v yet_o a_o great_a burden_n his_o reign_n be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o and_o he_o deserve_v it_o for_o from_o the_o begin_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n can_v never_o the_o guilt_n of_o his_o disobedience_n to_o his_o father_n be_v blot_v out_o but_o it_o be_v more_o troublesome_a to_o the_o people_n because_o it_o cost_v so_o much_o treasure_n be_v manage_v by_o such_o ill_a governor_n except_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o be_v unsuccesfull_a in_o most_o of_o his_o undertake_n yet_o never_o invade_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o by_o any_o face_n of_o prerogative_n but_o what_o want_v in_o he_o be_v make_v complete_a and_o run_v over_o in_o his_o successor_n john_n who_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o most_o moderate_a sense_n of_o his_o government_n be_v give_v over_o to_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v not_o himself_o rob_v the_o lord_n of_o their_o authority_n bereave_v the_o church_n of_o its_o right_n tread_v under_o foot_n the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n waste_v his_o own_o prerogative_n and_o have_v bring_v all_o thing_n into_o despair_n come_v a_o desperate_a cure_n the_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o to_o save_v the_o body_n and_o a_o precedent_n leave_v for_o they_o that_o listen_v to_o take_v it_o up_o in_o future_a age_n and_o thus_o that_o which_o steven_n give_v henry_n the_o second_o lose_v richard_n the_o first_o will_v not_o regain_v and_o john_n can_v not_o and_o so_o all_o be_v gainer_n but_o the_o crown_n chap._n lxi_o of_o judicature_n the_o court_n and_o their_o judge_n it_o be_v no_o silent_a argument_n that_o the_o commons_o gain_v where_o law_n grow_v into_o course_n and_o it_o be_v the_o lot_n of_o these_o troublesome_a time_n to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o a_o constant_a government_n such_o as_o all_o man_n may_v learn_v which_o former_o be_v lay_v up_o only_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o wise_a experience_a man_n the_o two_o most_o considerable_a point_n in_o government_n be_v the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n the_o latter_a be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o former_a and_o that_o of_o the_o commonweal_n i_o say_v not_o that_o the_o law_n be_v augment_v in_o the_o body_n of_o it_o or_o that_o the_o execution_n have_v a_o free_a course_n than_o in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o former_a time_n but_o both_o be_v more_o and_o more_o clear_v to_o the_o world_n in_o many_o particular_n as_o well_o touch_v matter_n concern_v practice_n of_o the_o law_n as_o touch_v rule_n of_o righteousness_n for_o the_o first_o whereof_o we_o be_v behold_v to_o glanvile_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o for_o the_o latter_a to_o king_n john_n or_o rather_o the_o baron_n in_o his_o time_n in_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n or_o a_o enumeration_n of_o the_o liberty_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n revive_v continue_a and_o confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o their_o successor_n which_o for_o the_o present_a i_o shall_v leave_v in_o lance_n dubio_fw-la to_o stand_v or_o fall_v till_o occasion_n shall_v be_v of_o clear_v the_o point_n in_o regard_n that_o king_n john_n soon_o repent_v of_o his_o oath_n the_o bond_n of_o his_o consent_n and_o to_o heal_v the_o wound_n get_v the_o pope_n pardon_n and_o blessing_n thereupon_o so_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o a_o son_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n to_o pass_v for_o a_o good_a catholic_a in_o a_o unrighteous_a way_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n be_v do_v in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o affair_n whereof_o some_o concern_v matter_n of_o crime_n &_o penalty_n and_o this_o touch_v the_o king_n honour_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o person_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o be_v say_v to_o be_v contra_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o second_o sort_n concern_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o people_n these_o three_o work_n be_v appoint_v unto_o three_o several_a court_n who_o have_v their_o several_a judge_n especial_o appoint_v to_o that_o work_n original_o they_o be_v in_o one_o viz._n in_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n the_o court_n of_o lord_n whereof_o former_o be_v speak_v but_o after_o through_o increase_n of_o affair_n by_o they_o depute_v or_o commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o several_a man_n that_o be_v man_n of_o skill_n in_o such_o affair_n and_o yet_o retain_v the_o supremacy_n in_o all_o such_o cause_n still_o and_o because_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o public_a treasure_n be_v of_o more_o public_a regard_n then_o the_o other_o the_o deputation_n thereof_o be_v commit_v probable_o to_o some_o of_o their_o own_o member_n gloss_n gloss_n who_o in_o those_o day_n be_v baron_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o afterward_o retain_v the_o title_n but_o not_o the_o degree_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v for_o distinction_n sake_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o particular_a time_n of_o these_o deputation_n appear_v not_o clear_o out_o of_o any_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v clear_a to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v before_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n as_o well_o because_o henry_n the_o first_o have_v his_o judex_n fiscalis_fw-la 24._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c_o 24._o as_o glanvile_n so_o frequent_o touch_v upon_o the_o king_n court_n of_o plea_n which_o can_v be_v intend_v at_o the_o court_n of_o lord_n for_o that_o in_o those_o day_n be_v never_o summon_v but_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n or_o some_o other_o special_a occasion_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o the_o historian_n speak_v of_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a recite_v some_o to_o be_v of_o the_o common_a plea_n hoveden_n hoveden_n which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o distinction_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o judicature_n and_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v conceive_v that_o this_o distinction_n of_o judicature_n be_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o parliament_n after_o that_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n be_v lay_v aside_o by_o king_n and_o a_o privy_a council_n take_v up_o unto_o who_o can_v not_o regular_o belong_v any_o juridical_a power_n because_o that_o remain_v original_o in_o the_o grand_a assembly_n of_o the_o lord_n over_o these_o court_n or_o two_o of_o they_o one_o man_n have_v the_o prime_a title_n of_o chief_a justice_n who_o then_o be_v call_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o who_o office_n be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o all_o cause_n and_o place_n as_o well_o in_o war_n as_o peace_n and_o sometime_o be_v appoint_v to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o have_v the_o name_n only_o of_o that_o part_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o other_o part_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o office_n be_v such_o as_o the_o man_n for_o necessity_n of_o state_n be_v continual_o resident_a at_o the_o court_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n court_n be_v much_o attend_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n which_o prove_v in_o after_o time_n as_o grievous_a to_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v burdensome_a to_o the_o people_n other_o judge_n there_o be_v which_o be_v choose_v for_o their_o learning_n and_o experience_n most_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o clergy_n as_o be_v also_o the_o under_o officer_n of_o those_o court_n for_o those_o time_n be_v rome_n hour_n and_o the_o power_n of_o darkness_n other_o court_n also_o be_v in_o the_o country_n and_o be_v vicontiel_n or_o cours_n of_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o hundred_o and_o corporation_n and_o lordship_n as_o former_o and_o these_o be_v settle_v in_o some_o place_n hoveden_n hoveden_n but_o other_o there_o be_v which_o werr_v itinerant_a over_o which_o certain_a judge_n preside_v which_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n and_o send_v by_o commission_n from_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n then_o divide_v into_o six_o circuit_n unto_o each_o of_o which_o be_v assign_v three_o justice_n so_o as_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o justice_n than_o be_v eighteen_o the_o office_n be_v before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n over_o hither_o but_o the_o assignation_n be_v new_a as_o also_o be_v their_o oath_n for_o they_o be_v swear_v but_o the_o number_n continue_v not_o long_o for_o within_o four_o year_n the_o king_n redivide_v the_o land_n into_o four_o circuit_n and_o unto_o each_o circuit_n assign_v five_o justice_n make_v in_o the_o whole_a the_o number_n of_o twenty_o and_o one_o justice_n for_o the_o northern_a circuit_n have_v six_o justice_n which_o the_o king_n make_v justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n 445._o hoveden_n 337._o ibid._n 445._o neither_o yet_o do_v the_o first_o commission_n continue_v so_o long_o
the_o king_n high_a way_n or_o open_a street_n but_o by_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o special_a writ_n because_o distress_n be_v incident_a to_o service_n and_o that_o be_v due_a as_o from_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o by_o common_a right_n the_o same_o must_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o fee_n and_o such_o as_o owe_v service_n in_o the_o same_o but_o the_o high_a way_n or_o open_a street_n be_v more_o proper_o a_o franchise_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n although_o the_o soil_n haply_o may_v be_v the_o lord_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o old_a law_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v under_o the_o king_n safeguard_n inae_fw-la ll._n inae_fw-la sit_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la per_fw-la commune_v vias_fw-la and_o no_o violence_n must_v be_v there_o tolerate_v but_o by_o the_o king_n especial_a writ_n which_o presuppose_v the_o especial_a notice_n take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o occasion_n a_o moderation_n also_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o take_n of_o the_o distress_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v excessive_a and_o also_o in_o keep_v thereof_o for_o if_o the_o owner_n will_v he_o may_v replevy_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a course_n 12._o marlb_n cap_n 21._o glanvil_n lib._n 12_o cap._n 12._o and_o the_o sheriff_n must_v grant_v replevy_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v although_o former_o no_o replevy_n be_v without_o special_a writ_n and_o yet_o they_o also_o not_o always_o ready_o obey_v for_o the_o time_n be_v such_o as_o the_o lord_n be_v bold_a with_o the_o king_n court_n and_o minister_n and_o refuse_v the_o order_n of_o the_o law_n now_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o the_o matter_n concern_v contempt_n of_o the_o king_n authority_n a_o fine_a be_v set_v upon_o the_o offender_n but_o in_o case_n it_o concern_v only_o a_o tort_n do_v to_o the_o party_n he_o be_v amerce_v the_o one_o be_v call_v redemption_n because_o the_o penalty_n otherwise_o must_v lie_v upon_o the_o person_n 3._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 3._o if_o it_o be_v not_o redeem_v by_o pecuniary_a fine_a the_o other_o be_v call_v amercement_n which_o be_v original_o a_o satisfaction_n unto_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o recompense_n out_o of_o the_o personal_a estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 12._o distric_n scac._n artic._n mag_z cart_n cap._n 12._o three_o as_o touch_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v of_o plough_n beast_n or_o sheep_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o damage_n fesant_n if_o other_o distress_n may_v be_v have_v for_o the_o law_n have_v a_o care_n of_o such_o cattle_n as_o be_v most_o of_o public_a concernment_n and_o which_o be_v the_o main_a stock_n of_o subsistence_n so_o far_o as_o justice_n will_v allow_v and_o therefore_o the_o unjust_a take_n of_o any_o man_n cat-tail_n by_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o penalty_n that_o unjust_a distress_n be_v 16._o west_n 1._o cap._n 16._o four_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v sell_v no_o not_o in_o the_o king_n case_n till_o fifteen_o day_n be_v pass_v after_o it_o be_v take_v scac._n marlbr_n cap._n 4._o distric_n scac._n nor_o must_v it_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o county_n but_o it_o must_v be_v so_o impound_v as_o the_o owner_n may_v come_v to_o feed_v it_o and_o it_o must_v be_v discharge_v if_o the_o owner_n give_v security_n of_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n 12._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 12._o five_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o distress_n must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o therefore_o not_o for_o other_o suit_n then_o by_o the_o feoffment_n be_v due_a or_o else_o by_o prescription_n and_o in_o case_n many_o be_v joint_o seize_v 9_o marlbr_n cap._n 9_o the_o suit_n shall_v be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o rest_n shall_v contribute_v 22._o cap._n 22._o nor_o must_v any_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o show_v his_o title_n to_o his_o land_n by_o distress_n 13._o cap._n 13._o the_o common_a plea_n shall_v be_v hold_v in_o one_o certain_a place_n the_o office_n of_o judge_n of_o the_o common-plea_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n distinct_a and_o several_a from_o that_o of_o the_o crown_n plea_n nor_o though_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n may_v execute_v both_o authority_n do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n as_o if_o be_v judge_n he_o have_v thereby_o power_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o also_o of_o the_o crown_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o bracton_n say_v the_o king_n have_v one_o proper_a court_n wherein_o be_v the_o chief_a judge_n nostri_fw-la capitale_n just_a nostri_fw-la which_o both_o by_o his_o own_o testimony_n and_o briton_n also_o do_v hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n of_o all_o sort_n yet_o be_v it_o true_a also_o that_o it_o be_v by_o appeal_n or_o writ_n of_o error_n as_o in_o case_n of_o false_a judgement_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v plures_fw-la curias_fw-la 20._o marblr_n cap._n 20._o which_o doubtless_o have_v their_o proper_a work_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o its_o clear_a that_o six_o be_v especial_o assign_v for_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o yet_o by_o another_o especial_a commission_n or_o letter_n patent_n the_o same_o man_n may_v also_o have_v power_n to_o determine_v matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o at_o this_o day_n in_o their_o several_a circuit_n this_o law_n therefore_o do_v not_o as_o i_o conceive_v work_v any_o alteration_n but_o only_o in_o this_o that_o whereas_o former_o the_o judge_n of_o common_a plea_n attend_v on_o the_o king_n court_n continual_o as_o all_o other_o judge_n do_v and_o whither_o the_o king_n remove_v they_o do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v a_o great_a uncertainty_n and_o grievance_n unto_o the_o commons_o henceforth_o they_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n and_o mortdancester_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o proper_a county_n only_o 14._o cap._n 14._o and_o by_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a send_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n the_o law_n be_v so_o declare_v in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o be_v questionless_a put_v in_o practice_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o with_o convenience_n to_o the_o judge_n may_v be_v but_o now_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o people_n be_v prefer_v and_o they_o must_v not_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o king_n court_n but_o the_o justice_n must_v come_v down_o to_o they_o and_o yet_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n the_o bench_n where_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v hold_v must_v determine_v the_o matter_n and_o where_o the_o time_n in_o the_o iter_fw-la in_o one_o county_n be_v too_o scant_o the_o remanet_n shall_v be_v adjourn_v over_o to_o be_v try_v elsewhere_o in_o that_o circuit_n which_o show_v that_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v their_o time_n proportion_v out_o to_o every_o county_n these_o trial_n also_o be_v so_o favour_v 51._o westm_n cap._n 51._o as_o in_o the_o then_o holy_a time_n of_o advent_n and_o septuagesima_fw-la or_o lent_n they_o may_v be_v try_v which_o although_o be_v gain_v by_o prayer_n make_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o bishop_n as_o the_o word_n of_o that_o law_n be_v conclude_v yet_o it_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n have_v so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o hold_v the_o time_n not_o inherent_o holy_a but_o mere_o sequester_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o plaintiff_n also_o in_o mortdancester_n may_v be_v divers_a if_o there_o be_v divers_a heir_n of_o one_o ancester_n by_o one_o title_n 6._o stat._n gloc._n ca._n 6._o and_o if_o there_o be_v joyntenant_n and_o the_o writ_n be_v against_o but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o plead_v 1_o conjanct_n feofat_fw-mi an._n 34._o e._n 1._o stat._n gloc_n ca._n 1_o the_o writ_n shall_v abate_v but_o if_o joyntenancy_n be_v plead_v and_o the_o plea_n be_v false_a the_o defendant_n shall_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o if_o in_o the_o action_n the_o verdict_n be_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n he_o shall_v recover_v damage_n 15._o cap._n 15._o darraine_a presentment_n shall_v be_v take_v only_o in_o the_o common_a bank_n trial_n in_o the_o common_a bank_n or_o other_o court_n at_o westminster_n have_v ever_o have_v a_o honourable_a esteem_n above_o those_o in_o the_o county_n by_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la although_o all_o be_v equal_o available_a this_o may_v be_v one_o cause_n why_o the_o title_n of_o church_n be_v still_o retain_v at_o the_o common_a bank_n when_o as_o all_o other_o ride_v circuit_n for_o that_o church_n affair_n in_o those_o time_n be_v of_o high_a regard_n speed_v of_o trial_n also_o be_v not_o little_o regard_v herein_o for_o justice_n by_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la proper_o be_v but_o for_o inquiry_n till_o the_o statute_n at_o westm_n the_o second_o make_v they_o of_o oyer_n
about_o these_o time_n and_o therewith_o end_v both_o the_o work_n and_o common_a use_n of_o the_o ancient_a iter_n and_o yet_o all_o these_o late_a court_n joint_o consider_v have_v not_o the_o like_a comprehensive_a power_n that_o the_o iter_n have_v for_o they_o have_v the_o power_n of_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n both_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n albeit_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o first_o time_n promiscuous_o unite_v into_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n but_o soon_o after_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o more_o clear_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o that_o power_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a person_n some_o sit_v upon_o the_o common_a plea_n other_o upon_o the_o crown_n plea_n the_o judge_n of_o these_o journey_a court_n be_v special_o assign_v by_o the_o king_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o gaole-delivery_n or_o settle_v by_o the_o law_n upon_o the_o judge_n of_o both_o bench_n at_o westminster_n as_o in_o case_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n 29_o westm_n 2._o ca._n 29_o and_o of_o the_o assize_n or_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la save_v that_o in_o the_o last_o case_n they_o be_v associate_v with_o knight_n in_o the_o county_n for_o the_o take_n of_o assizes_n 30._o ibid._n c._n 30._o now_o concern_v the_o court_n that_o be_v settle_v some_o be_v settle_v or_o annex_v to_o the_o king_n personal_a residence_n as_o the_o chancellor_n court_n for_o in_o these_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o judiciary_n power_n of_o eminent_a stature_n and_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o great_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n then_o also_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v annex_v by_o the_o same_o law_n unto_o the_o king_n court_n or_o personal_a residence_n 15._o fleta_n artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 15._o as_o it_o ancient_o ever_o have_v that_o honour_n although_o it_o seem_v the_o endeavour_n be_v to_o make_v it_o like_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o that_o particular_a another_z and_z last_o court_n that_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o marshal_n court_n which_o in_o the_o original_n only_o concern_v the_o king_n household_n but_o afterward_o compass_v in_o a_o distance_n of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n 129._o 5_o e._n 4_o foe_n 129._o because_o the_o king_n attendant_n be_v many_o in_o those_o time_n when_o as_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n continual_o attend_v on_o his_o person_n and_o this_o precinct_n be_v call_v the_o verge_n and_o all_o case_n of_o debt_n and_o covenant_n where_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o household_n 3._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 3._o and_o of_o trespass_n vi_o &_o armis_fw-la where_n one_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o household_n be_v handle_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o verge_n or_o the_o marshal_n court_n and_o inquest_n of_o death_n within_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v take_v by_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n with_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o household_n other_o court_n be_v rural_a and_o affix_v also_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n either_o of_o the_o county_n or_o town_n or_o other_o particular_a place_n that_o of_o the_o county_n suffer_v in_o these_o time_n great_a diminution_n even_o almost_o to_o destruction_n by_o a_o law_n restrain_v the_o power_n thereof_o only_o to_o trespass_n of_o 40_o s._n value_n or_o under_o 8._o stat._n gouc_n cap._n 8._o for_o though_o former_o the_o king_n justice_n encroach_v upon_o the_o county_n court_v and_o contract_a suit_n before_o themselves_o which_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n they_o ought_v not_o yet_o it_o be_v ever_o illegal_a and_o the_o county_n court_v hold_v their_o right_n till_o this_o law_n be_v make_v which_o keep_v under_o those_o inferior_a court_n and_o make_v they_o of_o less_o account_n then_o former_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n justicy_n or_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n oftentimes_o enable_v the_o inferior_a court_n to_o have_v cognisance_n of_o case_n of_o great_a value_n last_o a_o rule_n be_v set_v to_o the_o small_a court_n of_o corporation_n 23._o west_n 1._o cap._n 23._o fair_n and_o market_n viz._n that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v sue_v in_o any_o of_o they_o which_o be_v not_o a_o debtor_n or_o pledge_n there_o chap._n lxix_o of_o coroner_n sheriff_n and_o crown_v plea_n 10_o coroner_n westm_n 1._o ca._n 10_o corener_n shall_v be_v choose_v in_o the_o county_n from_o the_o wise_a great_a and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o country_n of_o these_o officer_n former_o have_v be_v speak_v as_o touch_v their_o election_n qualification_n and_o work_v this_o law_n bring_v in_o no_o change_n of_o any_o former_a law_n but_o only_o of_o a_o former_a custom_n gain_v by_o these_o degenerate_v time_n which_o bring_v man_n into_o place_n that_o be_v far_o unfit_a who_o otherwise_o of_o poor_a and_o mean_a condition_n maintain_v themselves_o by_o bribery_n and_o extortion_n and_o be_v find_v guilty_a have_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v recompense_n this_o law_n therefore_o revive_v the_o first_o law_n and_o hold_v these_o man_n to_o their_o work_n of_o take_v inquest_n and_o appeal_n by_o indenture_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o sheriff_n and_o these_o be_v to_o be_v certify_v at_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n 9_o sheriff_n artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 9_o the_o free_a holder_n in_o every_o county_n if_o they_o will_v shall_v elect_v their_o own_o sheriff_n unless_o the_o sheriffwicke_n be_v hold_v in_o see_v this_o be_v indeed_o the_o ancient_a custom_n as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v eligible_a by_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 3._o stat._n the_o vic_a 9_o e._n 2._o so_o be_v also_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o county_n choose_v by_o the_o county_n but_o within_o a_o few_o year_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o come_v another_o law_n that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v appoint_v by_o the_o chancellor_n treasurer_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o justice_n which_o law_n be_v make_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n as_o by_o the_o file_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v more_o full_o appear_v for_o though_o at_o the_o first_o blush_v it_o may_v seem_v a_o privilege_n lose_v by_o the_o free_a man_n that_o these_o great_a man_n shall_v have_v the_o election_n of_o the_o sheriff_n yet_o it_o prove_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o common_a quiet_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o time_n of_o party_n and_o be_v so_o apprehend_v otherwise_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v in_o those_o day_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o it_o be_v no_o time_n for_o he_o to_o gain_v upon_o the_o people_n liberty_n nor_o have_v the_o statute_n of_o articuli_fw-la super_fw-la cartas_fw-la whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v be_v pen_v with_o these_o word_n if_o they_o will_v and_o questionless_a in_o these_o day_n we_o now_o live_v in_o if_o the_o people_n have_v but_o a_o little_a taste_n of_o this_o seem_a liberty_n of_o elect_a sheriff_n in_o the_o county_n court_n as_o former_o it_o be_v use_v it_o will_v be_v soon_o perceive_v that_o the_o election_n of_o these_o chief_a officer_n be_v better_o dispose_v in_o some_o other_o hand_n if_o right_o pursue_v homicide_n by_o misfortune_n shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v murder_n 25._o chancemedly_n marlbr_n cap._n 25._o that_o the_o saxon_n make_v difference_n between_o homicide_n by_o misfortune_n and_o that_o which_o be_v do_v felleo_fw-la animo_fw-la or_o with_o a_o spirit_n of_o gall_n former_o have_v be_v show_v now_o what_o it_o be_v that_o alter_v the_o case_n i_o can_v say_v unless_o the_o violence_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o time_n former_o all_o kind_n of_o manslaughter_n be_v finable_a i_o mean_v in_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o so_o may_v more_o rational_o be_v rank_v into_o one_o degree_n but_o now_o the_o punishment_n begin_v to_o change_v from_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o loss_n of_o member_n to_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o necessary_a to_o make_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o penalty_n see_v in_o the_o fine_a former_o a_o difference_n be_v observe_v and_o this_o difference_n to_o assert_v by_o a_o law_n that_o may_v limit_v the_o invenomed_a spirit_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o those_o day_n robbery_n robbery_n robbery_n punish_v with_o death_n this_o crime_n hitherto_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a and_o loss_n of_o member_n at_o the_o utmost_a but_o be_v now_o make_v capital_a &_o punish_v with_o death_n one_o example_n whereof_o and_o the_o first_o that_o story_n make_v mention_n of_o we_o find_v of_o a_o irish_a nobleman_n in_o the_o day_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o who_o suffer_v death_n for_o piracy_n and_o it_o be_v a_o law_n that_o then_o though_o rigorous_a yet_o seasonable_o be_v contrive_v to_o retard_v the_o beginning_n and_o hasten_v the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n in_o a_o
chap._n lxxi_o of_o the_o peace_n war_n and_o peace_n be_v two_o birth_n by_o several_a venture_n and_o may_v like_v the_o day_n and_o night_n succeed_v but_o can_v never_o inherit_v each_o to_o other_o and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o may_v claim_v to_o belong_v to_o one_o father_n and_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n shall_v act_v in_o both_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o good_a maxim_n that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o order_n of_o peace_n for_o it_o natural_o befall_v that_o war_n especial_o that_o which_o we_o call_v civil_a war_n like_o some_o disease_n in_o the_o body_n do_v rather_o breed_v ill_a humour_n than_o consume_v they_o and_o these_o must_v be_v purge_v by_o diet_v the_o state_n and_o constant_a course_n of_o justice_n unto_o which_o the_o rugged_a wave_n of_o war_n have_v little_a or_o no_o affinity_n if_o not_o enmity_n nevertheless_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n think_v it_o most_o meet_a to_o keep_v their_o king_n in_o work_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o war_n and_o therefore_o as_o they_o ancient_o refer_v the_o principal_a care_n thereof_o to_o the_o lord_n who_o together_o with_o certain_a select_a person_n in_o every_o county_n do_v administer_v justice_n in_o several_a iter_n or_o circuit_n so_o when_o king_n have_v once_o get_v the_o name_n of_o be_v chief_a in_o civil_a affair_n as_o they_o have_v it_o in_o martial_a they_o soon_o leave_v the_o lord_n behind_o they_o who_o also_o be_v willing_a enough_o with_o their_o own_o ease_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o do_v all_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v do_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o directory_n of_o minister_n or_o commissioner_n thereto_o depute_v and_o thus_o that_o peace_n which_o former_o pass_v under_o the_o title_n of_o pax_fw-la domini_fw-la pax_fw-la vice_fw-la comitis_fw-la it_o be_v pax_fw-la regni_fw-la become_v by_o eminency_n swallow_v up_o in_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n peace_n and_o the_o justice_n call_v the_o king_n justice_n and_o himself_o flatter_v into_o that_o title_n of_o fountain_n of_o justice_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o he_o that_o be_v the_o most_o high_a or_o chief_a lawgiver_n the_o manner_n how_o this_o honourable_a care_n of_o the_o safety_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v employ_v may_v be_v refer_v to_o a_o double_a consideration_n the_o one_o in_o execution_n of_o justice_n upon_o delinquent_n the_o other_o in_o prevent_v occasion_n of_o offence_n or_o delinquency_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o public_a peace_n may_v be_v endanger_v the_o first_o be_v act_v diverse_o according_a to_o the_o present_a sense_n of_o affair_n for_o what_o be_v at_o first_o do_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o their_o circuit_n tacitus_n tacitus_n with_o one_o hundred_o of_o the_o commons_o call_v comites_fw-la and_o that_o do_v per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicesque_fw-la be_v afterward_o do_v by_o itinerant_a judge_n send_v from_o the_o king_n for_o the_o great_a matter_n and_o by_o lord_n in_o their_o leet_n governor_n or_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o town_n in_o their_o court_n and_o sheriff_n in_o their_o tornes_n as_o judices_fw-la stati_fw-la for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o people_n in_o matter_n of_o less_o moment_n i_o say_v i_o conceive_v it_o be_v in_o the_o tear_v for_o i_o suppose_v no_o emergent_a court_n take_v up_o upon_o occasion_n can_v by_o the_o law_n draw_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o sudden_a appearance_n of_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o same_o 25._o 52_o hen._n 3._o marlb_n cap._n 25._o and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o seem_v that_o one_o certain_a tear_v every_o year_n be_v hold_v for_o inquiry_n of_o homicide_n unto_o which_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n be_v to_o come_v except_o baron_n clergy_n and_o woman_n or_o otherwise_o all_o such_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o attendance_n on_o every_o tear_v nevertheless_o the_o work_n of_o the_o tornes_n continue_v not_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v as_o ancient_o they_o have_v do_v for_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o former_o divers_a man_n have_v prison_n to_o their_o own_o use_n some_o as_o palatine_n 9_o mitor_n cap._n 2._o sec._n 9_o other_o as_o lord_n of_o franchise_n and_o other_o by_o power_n and_o usurpation_n and_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o all_o fine_n incident_a and_o by_o this_o mean_v many_o be_v fine_v that_o deserve_v it_o not_o 19_o mag._n cart_n cap._n 19_o and_o some_o also_o that_o deserve_v worse_o to_o prevent_v which_o evil_a henry_n the_o three_o take_v away_o that_o power_n of_o hold_v crown-plea_n 3._o glocest_n cap._n 8._o west_n 1._o cap._n 3._o and_o edward_n the_o first_o take_v away_o their_o power_n to_o determine_v escape_n and_o leave_v they_o only_o the_o power_n of_o inquiry_n and_o to_o certify_v at_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n but_o these_o injurious_a time_n have_v hold_v too_o long_o to_o be_v forget_v or_o lay_v aside_o by_o such_o cool_a pursuit_n man_n be_v still_o ordinary_o imprison_v and_o so_o continue_v oftentimes_o till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a for_o whereas_o in_o case_n of_o bloodshed_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o gratia_fw-la be_v a_o remedy_n the_o other_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o by_o procure_v a_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o ordinary_o be_v a_o cure_n worse_o than_o the_o hurt_n 1._o stat._n wint._n 13_o edw._n 1._o as_o a_o remedy_n hereof_o edward_n the_o first_o find_v out_o the_o new_a way_n of_o make_v justice_n of_o peace_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n at_o winton_n which_o law_n be_v purposely_o make_v for_o the_o conserve_n of_o the_o peace_n provide_v for_o penalty_n of_o crime_n already_o commit_v as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o suppress_n of_o future_a ordain_v that_o offence_n against_o that_o law_n shall_v be_v present_v to_o justice_n assign_v to_o inquire_v thereof_o and_o though_o these_o at_o the_o first_o may_v be_v itinerant_a yet_o it_o soon_o make_v way_n to_o resiant_a and_o before_o that_o statute_n it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v find_v out_o the_o way_n 176_o coke_n inst_z 4._o p._n 176_o if_o that_o note_n be_v true_a which_o be_v leave_v revive_v into_o memory_n by_o that_o honourable_a reporter_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o six_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o say_v that_o then_o prima_fw-la fuit_fw-la institutio_fw-la justiciariorum_fw-la pro_fw-la pace_fw-la conservanda_fw-la and_o yet_o some_o semblance_n there_o be_v that_o it_o be_v yet_o more_o ancient_a even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o clause_n in_o his_o law_n concern_v vagabond_n he_o order_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v carry_v justiciae_fw-la quae_fw-la praeest_fw-la 58._o hen._n 1._o cap._n 58._o although_o the_o language_n be_v not_o so_o clerkly_a as_o to_o speak_v the_o sense_n out_o now_o though_o their_o work_n as_o yet_o be_v but_o in_o trial_n and_o they_o be_v only_o trust_v with_o power_n of_o inquiry_n yet_o it_o induce_v a_o new_a way_n wherein_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o entrust_v to_o intermeddle_v and_o which_o not_o only_o intermit_v the_o course_n of_o his_o proceed_n in_o such_o matter_n but_o also_o lead_v the_o way_n to_o the_o dispoil_n of_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v and_o lord_n leet_n of_o that_o little_a remainder_n that_o be_v leave_v they_o of_o judicatory_a power_n in_o matter_n that_o be_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o make_v their_o inquisitory_a power_n less_o regardful_a and_o ease_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a of_o much_o of_o their_o work_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v speedy_o to_o certify_v up_o to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o these_o matter_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o parliament_n according_a as_o those_o justice_n be_v elect_v in_o parliament_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v jealous_a of_o give_v the_o power_n of_o determine_v those_o offence_n into_o any_o sudden_a hand_n to_o sum_n up_o then_o the_o first_o part_n as_o touch_v the_o punishment_n of_o offence_n against_o the_o peace_n the_o wheel_n be_v now_o in_o the_o turn_n the_o leet_n and_o tornes_n begin_v to_o be_v slight_v the_o labour_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a lessen_v the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n difuse_v by_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o a_o new_a order_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o peace_n especial_o appoint_v and_o the_o parliament_n as_o the_o supreme_a providor_n leave_v as_o the_o reserve_n for_o the_o assert_v and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o albeit_o that_o under_o it_o the_o power_n of_o determine_v much_o rest_v upon_o justice_n or_o judge_n that_o attend_v the_o king_n court_n after_o that_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v settle_v and_o confine_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o preserve_n of_o the_o peace_n for_o the_o future_a
meeting_n or_o concourse_n of_o people_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o such_o commodity_n as_o their_o neighbourhood_n will_v not_o take_v off_o their_o hand_n and_o thus_o the_o great_a town_n that_o have_v wall_n or_o castle_n become_v the_o great_a market_n and_o other_o less_o and_o this_o make_v the_o neighbourhood_n of_o those_o town_n to_o repair_v thither_o to_o buy_v as_o other_o to_o sell_v but_o time_n discover_v a_o double_a inconvenience_n herein_o viz._n that_o by_o these_o less_o public_a sale_n in_o small_a village_n where_o little_a or_o no_o care_n of_o right_n or_o justice_n be_v have_v and_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o word_n pagan_n become_v a_o word_n of_o reproach_n many_o man_n good_n by_o clandestine_v contract_n be_v lose_v and_o no_o care_n have_v of_o their_o recovery_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o public_a that_o the_o great_a town_n appoint_v for_o the_o strength_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n become_v ill_o provide_v with_o supply_n of_o victual_n either_o for_o the_o present_a or_o future_a and_o what_o be_v have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v get_v at_o the_o second_o hand_n and_o high_a rate_n than_o the_o country_n village_n have_v the_o wise_a man_n by_o public_a edict_n lay_v a_o restraint_n of_o market_n in_o small_a village_n and_o more_o private_a place_n and_o thus_o the_o great_a town_n have_v market_n former_o become_v more_o public_a market_n not_o by_o any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n from_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o neither_o have_v such_o power_n nor_o can_v have_v but_o upon_o usurpation_n against_o the_o common_a right_n of_o such_o town_n and_o place_n of_o public_a defence_n this_o restraint_n upon_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a be_v make_v first_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o law_n but_o more_o clear_o declare_v and_o confirm_v afterward_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o norman_n which_o never_o give_v any_o new_a right_n of_o market_n overt_a unto_o those_o place_n of_o public_a defence_n but_o only_o do_v inhibit_v the_o same_o in_o the_o small_a village_n and_o private_a place_n in_o which_o respect_n although_o the_o king_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o future_a time_n take_v leave_v to_o abolish_v that_o restraint_n which_o do_v lie_v upon_o some_o of_o those_o more_o private_a place_n for_o certain_a reason_n of_o state_n and_o so_o these_o place_n become_v market_n overt_a which_o former_o be_v none_o yet_o can_v they_o never_o take_v away_o that_o privilege_n which_o nature_n itself_o cast_v upon_o those_o great_a town_n be_v the_o very_a limb_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o wrong_n do_v to_o common_a right_n and_o the_o public_a good_a nor_o abridge_v they_o of_o that_o power_n but_o that_o they_o may_v still_o use_v their_o liberty_n at_o time_n and_o place_n within_o their_o precinct_n as_o may_v best_o conduce_v with_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o place_n even_o as_o any_o particular_a free_a man_n may_v govern_v his_o own_o estate_n as_o he_o like_v best_o and_o thus_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o ancient_a burrough_n of_o this_o kingdom_n proper_o do_v not_o hold_v their_o liberty_n of_o market_n overt_a by_o prescription_n or_o charter_n but_o by_o common_a right_n and_o not_o as_o a_o corporation_n make_v by_o charter_n but_o as_o they_o be_v a_o multitude_n of_o people_n ancient_o gather_v together_o and_o unite_a upon_o who_o the_o strength_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v or_o do_v former_o much_o more_o depend_v then_o on_o any_o of_o the_o small_a village_n &_o open_a town_n even_o as_o every_o free_a man_n possess_v and_o use_v his_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o estate_n without_o particular_a privilege_n derive_v from_o the_o crown_n nor_o can_v the_o king_n take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o market_n overt_a from_o such_o place_n more_o than_o he_o can_v take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v from_o any_o free_a man_n to_o who_o the_o law_n allow_v a_o liberty_n of_o ownership_n this_o i_o submit_v to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o different_a opinion_n concern_v the_o same_o this_o liberty_n of_o township_n thus_o make_v and_o the_o place_n and_o people_n inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v of_o such_o consequence_n in_o the_o public_a administration_n have_v for_o their_o better_a support_n and_o safety_n liberty_n of_o fortification_n gloss_n ll._n edw._n cap._n 1._o ll._n aethelst_n cap._n 12._o ll._n aethelst_n cap._n 13._o gloss_n and_o power_n to_o charge_v one_o another_o with_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o fortification_n by_o a_o imposition_n call_v burghbote_n and_o hold_v their_o tenement_n under_o a_o rent_n to_o their_o lord_n or_o king_n call_v burgage_n as_o they_o be_v a_o body_n aggregate_v chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o forest_n beside_o other_o prerogative_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n they_o have_v also_o a_o franchise_n for_o wild_a beast_n for_o the_o chase_n which_o we_o common_o call_v forrest_n be_v a_o precinct_n of_o ground_n neither_o parcel_n of_o the_o county_n nor_o the_o diocese_n nor_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o rather_o appendant_a thereunto_o this_o savour_v of_o the_o old_a german_a sport_n but_o by_o custom_n turn_v from_o sport_n to_o earnest_n for_o although_o in_o the_o first_o time_n the_o saxon_n be_v so_o few_o and_o the_o country_n so_o spacious_a that_o they_o may_v allow_v the_o beast_n their_o farm_n as_o well_o as_o themselves_o their_o own_o people_n nevertheless_o so_o multiply_v as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v intercommon_a either_o with_o beast_n or_o fish_n the_o former_a whereof_o however_o more_o cleanly_a yet_o the_o latter_a have_v the_o sure_a footing_n and_o be_v choose_v as_o the_o least_o of_o two_o evil_n rather_o than_o for_o any_o likelihood_n of_o good_a neighbourhood_n for_o as_o nature_n teach_v beast_n to_o prey_n for_o themselves_o so_o man_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o and_o this_o breed_v such_o a_o feud_n between_o beast_n and_o man_n as_o that_o king_n doubt_v to_o loose_v their_o game_n take_v in_o with_o the_o weak_a that_o the_o world_n may_v see_v the_o happiness_n of_o england_n where_o beast_n enjoy_v their_o liberty_n as_o well_o as_o man_n but_o this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v by_o compromise_n for_o it_o have_v be_v very_o hard_o to_o have_v please_v the_o free_a man_n who_o have_v liberty_n of_o game_n within_o their_o own_o ground_n by_o common_a right_n 77_o ll._n canut_n c._n 77_o and_o to_o preserve_v the_o king_n liberty_n of_o forest_n coincident_a therewith_o have_v not_o the_o king_n employ_v on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o power_n of_o a_o dane_n that_o look_v somewhat_o like_o a_o conqueror_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o which_o look_v as_o like_v to_o the_o bounty_n of_o a_o king_n in_o allow_v liberty_n of_o ownership_n to_o man_n inhabit_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o forest_n which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v set_v apart_o only_o for_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o all_o his_o wit_n to_o make_v a_o law_n somewhat_o short_a of_o a_o full_a freedom_n and_o yet_o outreach_v that_o of_o bondage_n which_o we_o since_o have_v commend_v to_o posterity_n under_o the_o forest_n charter_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o prove_v a_o hard_a matter_n for_o king_n to_o hunt_v by_o law_n and_o the_o law_n itself_o a_o yoke_n somewhat_o too_o heavy_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o bear_v in_o old_a age_n if_o self_n deny_v majesty_n shall_v please_v to_o take_v it_o away_o chap._n xxxv_o concern_v judge_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n thus_o far_o of_o the_o several_a tribe_n and_o member_n of_o this_o commonweal_n which_o like_o so_o many_o conduit_n head_n derive_v the_o influence_n of_o government_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o this_o island_n and_o in_o every_o of_o which_o judiciary_n power_n act_v itself_o in_o all_o cause_n arise_v within_o the_o verge_n of_o that_o precinct_n some_o of_o which_o have_v more_o extraordinary_a trial_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n of_o lord_n according_a as_o the_o party_n concern_v be_v of_o great_a degree_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o more_o public_a concernment_n example_n hereof_o be_v the_o case_n between_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o leoftin_n in_o aetheldreds_n time_n and_o between_o the_o two_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o durham_n in_o edward_n time_n but_o custom_n make_v this_o court_n stoop_v to_o small_a game_n in_o latter_a time_n and_o to_o reach_v at_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o county_n court_n by_o send_v the_o king_n writ_n to_o remove_v certain_a cause_n from_o the_o cognisance_n of_o those_o rural_a judicatories_n to_o their_o sublime_a determination_n 8._o glanvil_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 6_o 7_o 8._o and_o thus_o become_v the_o council_n of_o lord_n as_o a_o oracle_n to_o
the_o conquest_n and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o several_a king_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o great_a eminency_n for_o birth_n or_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n and_o advancement_n into_o place_n of_o government_n and_o honour_n these_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o flower_n of_o the_o people_n flourish_v only_o from_o the_o honour_n that_o ascend_v from_o beneath_o their_o deportment_n then_o be_v full_a of_o cheer_n and_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n after_o that_o royalty_n spring_v up_o the_o influence_n thereof_o upon_o they_o exhale_v such_o a_o reciprocal_a interest_n back_o again_o as_o make_v they_o less_o regardful_a of_o their_o own_o root_n whereas_o we_o see_v the_o more_o mature_a flower_n be_v the_o more_o propence_n to_o turn_v head_n and_o look_v downward_o to_o their_o own_o original_n this_o distemper_n be_v yet_o much_o worse_o by_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o nobility_n beside_o their_o title_n of_o honour_n in_o their_o own_o country_n obtain_v by_o custom_n such_o command_n and_o power_n among_o the_o mean_a sort_n be_v soldier_n under_o they_o in_o time_n of_o the_o service_n in_o the_o field_n that_o when_o the_o war_n have_v breathe_v out_o their_o last_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v forget_v or_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o lay_v aside_o this_o be_v observe_v by_o king_n and_o advantage_n espy_v to_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o monarchy_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o great_a man_n who_o if_o they_o can_v make_v their_o own_o all_o will_v be_v they_o and_o wherein_o they_o have_v prevail_v much_o more_o than_o they_o do_v if_o they_o have_v be_v wise_a enough_o to_o have_v maintain_v they_o in_o unity_n but_o in_o that_o fail_n king_n be_v necessitate_v to_o take_v party_n and_o serve_v the_o nobility_n to_o save_v the_o main_a and_o thus_o continue_v they_o a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o norman_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n well_o nigh_o to_o the_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o king_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o benefit_n of_o none_o but_o the_o lord_n who_o in_o those_o unquiet_a time_n be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o field_n this_o error_n of_o king_n be_v soon_o espy_v but_o can_v not_o be_v avoid_v its_o natural_a to_o man_n to_o be_v proud_a and_o to_o such_o to_o fall_v into_o contention_n another_o course_n therefore_o be_v take_v viz._n to_o raise_v up_o some_o so_o high_a as_o may_v overtop_v all_o and_o keep_v they_o under_o nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o without_o reason_n for_o king_n be_v no_o ubiquitary_n and_o some_o must_v bear_v their_o power_n where_o they_o can_v be_v personal_o present_a yet_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o bestow_v too_o much_o upon_o one_o man_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n fit_v to_o be_v a_o king_n but_o himself_o that_o be_v a_o king_n and_o where_o king_n be_v immoderate_a in_o bestow_v power_n it_o many_o time_n work_v much_o woe_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o seldom_o sorrow_n to_o the_o king_n themselves_o the_o place_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n be_v in_o show_v but_o one_o office_n yet_o in_o these_o time_n be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant-generall_a throughout_o the_o kingdom_n a_o power_n and_o work_v too_o great_a for_o any_o one_o man_n in_o the_o world_n that_o can_v make_v no_o deputy_n to_o manage_v it_o 14._o hoveden_n 443_o 375._o nubr_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 14._o and_o yet_o in_o those_o time_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o one_o man_n make_v up_o of_o a_o archbishop_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n or_o a_o bishop_n a_o lord_n chancellor_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o government_n must_v that_o needs_o be_v wherein_o the_o servant_n throne_n be_v above_o his_o master_n and_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v a_o plenitudinary_a power_n beyond_o that_o which_o his_o lord_n and_o king_n be_v as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a plurality_n the_o great_a man_n of_o england_n keep_v the_o commons_o below_o and_o themselves_o above_o and_o probable_o render_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n more_o aristocratical_a then_o in_o after_o age_n and_o if_o their_o personal_a authority_n be_v of_o such_o value_n how_o much_o rather_o in_o their_o joint_a assembly_n or_o court_n of_o council_n concern_v which_o i_o must_v agree_v that_o as_o in_o their_o original_n in_o germany_n they_o do_v consult_v and_o determine_v of_o the_o mean_a matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o matter_n concern_v property_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o their_o most_o ordinary_a work_v meeting_n of_o judge_n or_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o also_o matter_n of_o defensive_a war_n because_o themselves_o be_v the_o commander_n and_o last_o in_o matter_n of_o sudden_a concernment_n to_o the_o state_n not_o only_o to_o serve_v as_o eye_n to_o foresee_v but_o to_o provide_v also_o if_o they_o can_v or_o otherwise_o to_o call_v in_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o people_n advice_n so_o also_o they_o continue_v this_o course_n and_o it_o may_v be_v now_o and_o then_o as_o all_o counsel_n have_v do_v strain_v their_o endeavour_n beyond_o their_o reach_n especal_o since_o the_o norman_n entrance_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o king_n and_o without_o the_o commons_o have_v make_v many_o law_n and_o constitution_n some_o of_o which_o now_o be_v call_v statute_n although_o many_o of_o they_o in_o truth_n be_v no_o other_o than_o rule_v for_o judicature_n which_o ordinary_a court_n may_v frame_v or_o judgement_n in_o particular_a case_n such_o as_o be_v the_o constitution_n at_o clarindon_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o many_o other_o law_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lord_n nor_o can_v i_o look_v upon_o such_o law_n otherwise_o then_o as_o upon_o judgement_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o new_a point_n of_o controversy_n ground_v upon_o ancient_a ground_n which_o proper_o be_v not_o new_a law_n but_o the_o ancient_a rule_n apply_v to_o new_a particular_n and_o be_v so_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n may_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o law_n ordinance_n constitution_n or_o judgement_n the_o word_n statute_n be_v of_o late_a time_n take_v up_o and_o use_v in_o a_o more_o restrictive_a sense_n of_o which_o more_o in_o their_o due_a place_n now_o that_o this_o court_n be_v a_o settle_a court_n of_o judicature_n 1175._o hoveden_n an._n 1175._o and_o so_o use_v may_v appear_v in_o that_o fine_n be_v levy_v therein_o and_o writ_n of_o right_n determine_v as_o in_o that_o great_a case_n between_o the_o two_o king_n of_o navarr_n and_o castille_n ibid._n ibid._n refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o try_v in_o this_o court_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o plea_n and_o if_o need_v whereby_o battle_n the_o judge_n in_o this_o court_n be_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n for_o the_o entry_n of_o judgement_n in_o that_o great_a case_n be_v thus_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regalis_fw-la curiae_fw-la angliae_fw-la adjudicaverunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o as_o though_o doubtless_o many_o be_v absent_a some_o be_v enemy_n other_o discontent_v other_o upon_o other_o occasion_n yet_o all_o may_v claim_v their_o vote_n as_o baron_n the_o precedent_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o chief_a justice_n or_o if_o the_o king_n be_v present_a then_o himself_o and_o by_o he_o be_v the_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n declare_v according_a to_o the_o entry_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a habito_fw-la concilio_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la adjudicavimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o honour_n of_o this_o court_n be_v great_a so_o long_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n or_o care_n to_o attend_v thereon_o but_o when_o king_n begin_v to_o have_v private_a interest_n they_o will_v have_v these_o to_o be_v more_o private_a counsel_n which_o weaken_v the_o esteem_n of_o conclusion_n that_o there_o pass_v and_o reduce_v the_o honour_n thereof_o scarce_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o conventicle_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o necessity_n of_o call_v together_o the_o whole_a body_n representative_a be_v make_v more_o frequent_a the_o power_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n decay_v and_o this_o court_n forfeit_v all_o its_o juridical_a power_n to_o the_o three_o court_n at_o westminster_n viz._n the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n and_o exchequer_n save_v still_o the_o supreme_a judicature_n unto_o the_o grand_a convention_n of_o estate_n in_o parliament_n where_o all_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n of_o meeting_n and_o free_a
this_o day_n hold_v the_o last_o in_o custom_n to_o all_o intent_n whatsoever_o the_o last_o branch_n provide_v the_o remedy_n to_o recover_v to_o the_o heir_n his_o possession_n in_o case_n it_o be_v detain_v either_o through_o doubtfulness_n of_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o his_o title_n and_o it_o direct_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n this_o trial_n some_o have_v think_v to_o be_v of_o glanvil_n invention_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o this_o trial_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o thus_o set_v down_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yet_o he_o use_v often_o in_o his_o book_n the_o word_n solet_fw-la and_o in_o his_o preface_n say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o its_o past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n personal_a estate_n the_o original_a hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n 10._o 10._o come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son_n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county_n court_v 33._o glanv_n lib._n 13._o cap._n 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n write_v for_o half_a a_o 11._o 11._o knight_n fee_n and_z under_z unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king_n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench_n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheate_n land_n church_n and_o 12._o 12._o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castle_n guard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n profit_n as_o justice_n to_o the_o subject_n they_o use_v also_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o king_n at_o one_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o demand_v homage_n also_o these_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n make_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n less_o acceptable_a and_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v some_o kind_n of_o oppression_n and_o as_o touch_v castleguard_n it_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o great_a use_n in_o these_o bloody_a time_n and_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o use_v to_o take_v rend_v instead_o of_o the_o personal_a service_n else_o have_v that_o enquiry_n how_o much_o be_v improper_a 13._o 13._o of_o a_o tenant_n hold_v and_o of_o several_a lord_n that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v several_a land_n of_o several_a lord_n and_o so_o owe_v service_n to_o they_o all_o be_v so_o common_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o touch_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_a that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o perform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n 4._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o promise_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common_a law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o each_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 5_o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man_n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n but_o all_o other_o lord_n receive_v homage_n of_o such_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiancc_fw-la to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_v the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thence_o forth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o ibid._n c._n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n
in_o edward_n the_o fir_v time_n by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la and_o article_n concern_v prohibition_n the_o difference_n be_v make_v between_o damage_n and_o pray_v reformatione_fw-la and_o the_o same_o affirm_v by_o this_o law_n and_o so_o the_o matter_n settle_v and_o the_o four_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o some_o measure_n satisfy_v 4._o cap._n 4._o defamation_n within_o cognisance_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o corporal_a penance_n therefore_o and_o commutation_n the_o word_n be_v general_a and_o peremptory_a with_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o king_n prohibition_n and_o yet_o the_o law_n afterward_o restrain_v the_o sense_n to_o defamation_n for_o crime_n or_o offence_n triable_a in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o this_o give_v further_a satisfactin_n to_o the_o four_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n forego_v 5._o cap._n 5._o tithe_n of_o new_a mill_n may_v be_v recover_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n this_o tithe_n of_o mils_n be_v a_o new_a encroach_v tithe_n never_o mention_v in_o any_o former_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n nor_o demand_v by_o the_o synod_n at_o london_n anno_fw-la 1173._o which_v mention_n fruit_n tree_n young_a brood_n of_o live_a creature_n that_o be_v tame_a herbage_n butter_n cheese_n with_o other_o particular_n but_o mention_n not_o new_a mils_n it_o be_v true_a that_o ancient_o mill_n pay_v tithe_n but_o such_o they_o be_v which_o be_v ancient_a and_o have_v pay_v the_o same_o by_o custom_n and_o such_o as_o by_o law_n in_o the_o confessor_n time_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v give_v a_o rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la but_o by_o the_o second_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n next_o forego_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n mill_n refuse_v to_o pay_v this_o tithe_n now_o whether_o the_o new_a mill_n be_v call_v the_o king_n mill_n as_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o public_a stream_n by_o the_o king_n licence_n or_o whether_o the_o mill_n new_o make_v within_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v insist_v upon_o but_o its_o evident_a that_o till_o this_o law_n make_v the_o new_a mill_n will_v not_o tithe_v their_o labour_n one_o and_o the_o same_o matter_n may_v be_v try_v at_o the_o common_a law_n after_o sentence_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n in_o divers_a respect_n 6._o cap._n 6._o the_o great_a sore_n that_o be_v complain_v of_o be_v that_o the_o clergy_n after_o purgation_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n make_v be_v proceed_v against_o in_o the_o king_n court_n in_o case_n of_o breach_n of_o peace_n or_o felony_n as_o may_v appear_v out_o of_o the_o 16_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n first_o complaint_n and_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o that_o take_v out_o of_o baronius_n nevertheless_o the_o present_a law_n subjoin_v a_o example_n of_o the_o question_v a_o lay_v man_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n in_o case_n of_o violence_n do_v to_o a_o clerk_n as_o a_o matter_n which_o may_v be_v try_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o yet_o review_v by_o the_o king_n court_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr excommunicato_fw-la deliberando_fw-la shall_v not_o issue_v forth_o but_o upon_o evident_a breach_n of_o the_o king_n liberty_n 7._o cap._n 7._o this_o may_v be_v intend_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o baronius_n and_o the_o ten_o article_n in_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n first_o recite_v although_o that_o complaint_n both_o in_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 33_o article_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o clamour_n upon_o officer_n and_o not_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n clerk_n officer_n to_o the_o exchequer_n be_v to_o be_v correct_v by_o their_o ordinary_n 8._o cap._n 8._o and_o yet_o not_o tie_v to_o residence_n during_o their_o attendance_n on_o the_o exchequer_n this_o be_v in_o part_n a_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n last_o complaint_n and_o a_o justification_n thereof_o as_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la clergy_n man_n good_n shall_v not_o be_v distrain_v either_o in_o the_o high_a way_n or_o sanctuary_n ground_n 9_o cap._n 9_o unless_o such_o as_o have_v be_v of_o late_a purchase_n the_o complaint_n exhibit_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o the_o 8_o article_n be_v only_o in_o ordinary_a personal_a action_n but_o in_o the_o complaint_n make_v in_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n article_n 12._o be_v that_o it_o be_v without_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v so_o distrain_v this_o law_n yield_v they_o somewhat_o viz._n immunity_n from_o distress_n within_o their_o ancient_a possession_n which_o have_v be_v by_o ancient_a custom_n privilege_v but_o yield_v nothing_o as_o touch_v their_o latter_a purchase_a land_n because_o they_o have_v no_o such_o custom_n 10._o cap._n 10._o high_a way_n and_o sanctuary_n shall_v be_v free_a for_o such_o as_o abjure_v so_o as_o they_o shall_v neither_o be_v restrain_v from_o liberty_n nor_o necessary_n keep_v from_o they_o felon_n may_v make_v free_a confession_n to_o the_o priest_n without_o danger_n the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 22_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o the_o nine_o in_o that_o of_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o be_v hereby_o relieve_v provide_v that_o the_o delinquent_n keep_v himself_o in_o due_a order_n 11._o cap._n 11._o house_n of_o religion_n shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v with_o corody_n pension_n or_o entertainment_n of_o great_a man_n this_o answer_v the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 42_o and_o 43_o of_o the_o first_o complaint_n and_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o in_o effect_n little_a other_o then_o what_o be_v former_o settle_v by_o west_n 1._o cap._n 1._o 12._o cap._n 12._o the_o king_n tenant_n may_v be_v cite_v before_o the_o ordinary_a out_o of_o their_o own_o town_n and_o if_o excommunicate_v for_o want_n of_o appearance_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr excommunicato_fw-la capiendo_fw-la shall_v be_v award_v a_o remedy_n this_o be_v against_o the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 12_o and_o 33_o article_n of_o the_o first_o complaint_n and_o in_o the_o 10_o article_n of_o the_o last_o schedule_n of_o complaint_n and_o thus_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o day_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n which_o they_o have_v be_v strive_v for_o ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v former_o say_v and_o now_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v in_o no_o better_a condition_n than_o other_o man_n viz._n they_o may_v now_o be_v excommunicate_v without_o the_o king_n licence_n nor_o be_v the_o answer_n nunquam_fw-la fuit_fw-la negatum_fw-la to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o point_n of_o excommunication_n for_o that_o power_n be_v deny_v they_o but_o unto_o the_o cite_n they_o out_o of_o their_o own_o parish_n which_o can_v be_v find_v to_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o any_o thing_n that_o yet_o appear_v a_o clerk_n present_v and_o find_v unable_a by_o the_o ordinary_n shall_v be_v try_v again_o by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a 13._o cap._n 13._o and_o not_o the_o lay_v judge_n although_o the_o fitness_n or_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o party_n present_v be_v to_o be_v examine_v by_o the_o ordinary_a yet_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n have_v power_n in_o action_n bring_v to_o inquire_v and_o determine_v whether_o the_o ordinary_n work_n be_v right_o do_v and_o so_o the_o 17_o article_n of_o the_o last_o complaint_n answer_v election_n shall_v be_v free_a 14._o cap._n 14._o the_o law_n be_v of_o the_o same_o with_o this_o in_o the_o stat._n w._n 1._o cap._n 5._o which_o see_v before_o and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n continue_v notwithstanding_o and_o so_o occasion_v the_o renew_n of_o this_o law_n a_o clerk_n have_v take_v sanctuary_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o abjure_v 15._o cap._n 15._o nor_o after_o confession_n of_o the_o crime_n 16._o cap._n 16._o or_o appeal_n other_o before_o the_o secular_a judge_n shall_v be_v deny_v his_o clergy_n although_o the_o temporal_a court_n proceed_v not_o so_o far_o as_o to_o pass_v sentence_n against_o a_o clerk_n that_o have_v take_v sanctuary_n yet_o they_o proceed_v to_o inquiry_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o be_v say_v former_o concern_v the_o stat._n west_n 1._o cap._n 2._o and_o therefore_o though_o this_o law_n in_o the_o 15_o chap._n allow_v that_o a_o clerk_n in_o sanctuary_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o ecclesiastical_a liberty_n yet_o the_o word_n legi_fw-la regni_fw-la se_fw-la reddens_fw-la be_v interpose_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o king_n upon_o indictment_n find_v have_v right_a to_o the_o delinquent_n good_n and_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n until_o due_a purgation_n 34._o 7_o e._n 2._o fi_n tit_n forfeiture_n 34._o and_o then_o his_o land_n be_v by_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o again_o nor_o can_v any_o purgation_n regular_o
and_o terminer_n in_o the_o case_n of_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o darraine_a presentment_n 30._o west_n 2._o cap._n 30._o and_o give_v they_o power_n to_o give_v judgement_n and_o thus_o the_o commons_o gain_v still_o in_o point_n of_o conveniency_n 16._o cap._n 16._o free_a man_n shall_v be_v amerce_v according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o fault_n save_v to_o they_o their_o free_a hold_n and_o to_o merchant_n their_o main_a stock_n and_o to_o villain_n their_o waynage_n and_o clergy_n man_n shall_v be_v amerce_v according_a to_o their_o lay_n fee._n baron_n shall_v be_v amerce_v by_o their_o peer_n other_o by_o the_o vicinage_n in_o this_o regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v first_o of_o the_o person_n that_o be_v to_o be_v amerce_v then_o of_o the_o party_n by_o who_o and_o last_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o quantity_n of_o amercement_n the_o person_n amerce_v be_v rank_v into_o four_o class_n baron_n clergy_n free_a man_n and_o villain_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o party_n by_o who_o they_o be_v to_o be_v amerce_v they_o be_v but_o two_o baron_n and_o freeman_n for_o the_o clergy_n villain_n and_o free_a man_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v by_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n 19_o marlb_n cap._n 19_o in_o what_o court_v these_o amercement_n shall_v be_v the_o stat._n marlbr_n tell_v we_o not_o before_o the_o escheator_n nor_o other_o that_o make_v enquiry_n by_o commission_n or_o writ_n nor_o before_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n or_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n but_o only_o before_o the_o chief_a justice_n or_o justice_n itinerant_a the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n add_v a_o five_o class_n of_o city_n and_o town_n by_o express_a word_n â—_o westm_n 1._o cap._n â—_o which_o seem_v not_o so_o necessary_a unless_o in_o pillage_n and_o oppress_a time_n for_o they_o be_v take_v to_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la carta_fw-la 4._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sect_n 4._o though_o not_o therein_o name_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o amercement_n be_v now_o set_v down_o in_o general_a and_o leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o vicinage_n which_o former_o by_o the_o saxon_n be_v special_o set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n the_o rule_n in_o general_n be_v with_o a_o ne_fw-fr plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la viz._n not_o further_o or_o more_o than_o that_o the_o party_n amerce_v may_v spare_v and_o yet_o hold_v on_o in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o course_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n and_o it_o must_v be_v also_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o the_o great_a amercement_n must_v not_o be_v rank_v with_o the_o least_o offence_n so_o as_o in_o every_o degree_n the_o main_a sustainance_n of_o the_o party_n be_v save_v yea_o the_o villain_n how_o ever_o mean_v they_o be_v they_o must_v have_v their_o maintenance_n and_o this_o show_v that_o villain_n have_v a_o maintenance_n which_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o under_o the_o gripe_n of_o their_o lord_n to_o all_o intent_n unless_o they_o be_v the_o king_n villain_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v mere_o under_o the_o king_n mercy_n as_o be_v both_o their_o lord_n and_o king_n against_o who_o they_o can_v hold_v nothing_o as_o proper_o their_o own_o and_o therefore_o in_o all_o other_o case_n even_o than_o the_o villain_n be_v bear_v under_o a_o kind_n of_o liberty_n as_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n former_o have_v be_v declare_v which_o the_o law_n protect_v against_o their_o own_o lord_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v repair_n 18._o cap._n 17_o &_o 18._o or_o maintain_v any_o bridge_n bank_n or_o causy_n other_o or_o otherwise_o then_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v repair_v or_o maintain_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o the_o limitation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o sheweth_z that_o his_o justice_n be_v such_o as_o maintain_v the_o common_a right_n of_o man_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o 2._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sect_n 2._o and_o more_o especial_o of_o king_n john_n those_o river_n water_n and_o fishing_n former_o use_v in_o common_a be_v encroach_v upon_o enclose_v and_o appropriate_v to_o particular_a man_n use_n which_o occasion_v many_o bridge_n bank_n and_o causy_n to_o be_v make_v and_o repair_v to_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o private_a man_n all_o which_o be_v discharge_v by_o this_o law_n 19_o cap._n 19_o no_o sheriff_n constable_n coroner_n or_o other_o bailiff_n shall_v hold_v any_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n escheator_n be_v also_o express_v in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o magna_fw-la carta_fw-la and_o the_o abridgement_n however_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v within_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v make_v to_o avoid_v the_o extraordinary_a oppression_n that_o these_o officer_n exercise_v upon_o the_o people_n for_o escheator_n under_o colour_n of_o inquiry_n of_o estate_n of_o man_n will_v inquire_v of_o matter_n concern_v the_o life_n of_o man_n and_o sheriff_n that_o have_v power_n of_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o theft_n as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v 2._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c_o 8._o glanv_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o abase_v the_o same_o for_o their_o own_o benefit_n because_o in_o such_o case_n they_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n this_o law_n therefore_o take_v away_o such_o occasion_n viz._n from_o the_o sheriff_n and_o corroner_n and_o bailiff_n or_o justice_n other_o then_o by_o express_a commission_n thereto_o assign_v all_o power_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o trial_n leave_v unto_o they_o nevertheless_o power_n of_o inquiry_n of_o which_o ancient_o they_o have_v the_o right_n 20._o cap._n 20._o if_o the_o king_n tenant_n die_v suppose_v in_o arreare_n a_o inventory_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o his_o stock_n by_o honest_a man_n but_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v remove_v till_o account_n be_v clear_v and_o the_o overplus_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o executor_n save_v to_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n their_o reasonable_a part_n the_o first_o clause_n hereof_o be_v a_o law_n in_o henry_n the_o fir_v time_n and_o a_o customary_a law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n 5._o glanv_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 5._o be_v a_o remedy_n against_o a_o old_a norman_a riot_n of_o the_o lord_n seizure_n of_o the_o whole_a personal_a estate_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v under_o colour_n of_o a_o law_n the_o second_o part_n concern_v the_o overplus_n have_v this_o additional_a subjoin_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n if_o any_o free_a man_n die_v intestate_a his_o chattel_n shall_v be_v divide_v by_o his_o parent_n and_o his_o friend_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o church_n save_v to_o every_o one_o their_o proper_a debt_n and_o thus_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o church_n man_n encroach_v by_o degree_n unto_o a_o great_a power_n in_o matter_n testamentary_a i_o say_v by_o degree_n for_o as_o yet_o by_o this_o law_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v but_o overseer_n or_o eye-witness_n for_o as_o yet_o right_a of_o order_v or_o dispose_v they_o have_v none_o as_o may_v appear_v in_o that_o case_n of_o a_o bastard_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o intestate_a the_o lord_n shall_v have_v his_o personal_a estate_n 16._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 16._o and_o in_o all_o case_n the_o executor_n have_v then_o nothing_o but_o bare_a asset_n and_o the_o overplus_n be_v assign_v between_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n according_a to_o their_o reasonable_a part_n or_o if_o the_o party_n die_v intestate_a the_o next_o friend_n do_v administer_v pay_v the_o debt_n and_o make_v dividend_n of_o the_o overplus_n into_o the_o reasonable_a part_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a custom_n still_o continue_v nor_o do_v the_o testimony_n cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n prove_v any_o other_o then_o that_o the_o ancestor_n have_v free_a power_n to_o order_v his_o estate_n as_o he_o please_v 33._o coke_n instit_fw-la 2._o pag._n 33._o and_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o than_o be_v leave_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o auncester_n either_o in_o his_o will_n or_o in_o case_n of_o die_v intestate_a by_o the_o custom_n or_o law_n which_o be_v and_o ever_o be_v the_o rationabilis_fw-la pars_fw-la no_o purveyance_n for_o any_o castle_n out_o of_o the_o same_o town_n where_o the_o castle_n be_v but_o present_a satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v 21._o cap._n 21._o and_o if_o in_o the_o same_o town_n satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v within_o forty_o day_n purveyance_n be_v ancient_a provision_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o public_a and_o so_o far_o be_v commendable_a see_v it_o be_v not_o the_o common_a case_n of_o all_o man_n to_o regard_v the_o public_a above_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n therefore_o the_o public_a must_v provide_v for_o itself_o by_o their_o mean_n in_o who_o the_o public_a be_v most_o concern_v and_o this_o
england_n albeit_o that_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o the_o like_a present_a regard_n as_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v 26._o cap._n 26._o the_o writ_n of_o praecipe_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v grant_v of_o any_o free_a hold_n whereby_o a_o man_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v his_o court_n thereby_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o oppression_n in_o those_o time_n that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o inferior_a or_o lord_n court_v concern_v a_o free_a hold_n a_o writ_n of_o praecipe_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la may_v be_v have_v upon_o a_o surmise_n that_o the_o free_a hold_n be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o may_v prove_v a_o absolute_a destruction_n to_o the_o inferior_a court_n and_o be_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o demandant_o case_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n instead_o of_o the_o word_n court_n have_v the_o word_n cause_n there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o know_v weight_n and_o measure_n 27._o cap._n 27._o and_o one_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n throughout_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n this_o law_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v ancient_o establish_v among_o the_o saxon_n 3._o ll._n edgar_n c._n 3._o as_o former_o have_v be_v show_v and_o continue_v in_o the_o norman_n time_n and_o confirm_v by_o richard_n the_o first_o and_o king_n john_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o abridge_v the_o liberty_n of_o particular_a person_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o common_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o manner_n to_o avoid_v deceit_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o know_a price_n of_o clothes_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o wine_n be_v ordinary_o make_v in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o ale_n otherwise_o the_o measure_n of_o wine_n can_v not_o have_v be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n if_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o make_v in_o other_o country_n inquisition_n of_o life_n and_o member_n shall_v be_v ready_o grant_v without_o fee_n 28._o cap._n 28._o it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o latter_a original_n make_v to_o take_v away_o a_o norman_a oppression_n for_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o crime_n not_o bailable_a beyond_o the_o next_o county_n court_n or_o sheriff_n tear_v but_o when_o those_o rural_a court_n begin_v to_o lose_v their_o power_n and_o the_o king_n court_n to_o devour_v trial_n of_o that_o nature_n especial_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v but_o rare_a and_o for_o divers_a year_n many_o time_n intermit_v during_o all_o which_o time_n suppose_v offender_n must_v lie_v in_o prison_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n among_o the_o saxon_n it_o occasion_v a_o new_a device_n to_o save_v the_o common_a liberty_n by_o special_a writ_n sue_v out_o by_o the_o party_n imprison_v or_o under_o bail_n suppose_v himself_o circumvent_v by_o hatred_n and_o malice_n and_o by_o the_o same_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o a_o inquisition_n be_v take_v and_o trial_n make_v of_o the_o offence_n whether_o he_o deserve_v loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o suppose_a offender_n he_o be_v bail_v till_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n and_o for_o this_o the_o writ_n be_v call_v the_o writ_n of_o inquisition_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o sometime_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la but_o these_o inquest_n be_v soon_o become_v degenerate_a and_o subject_a to_o much_o corruption_n and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o meet_v with_o a_o countercheck_n from_o the_o law_n or_o first_o rather_o a_o regulation_n 11_o west_n 1._o cap._n 11_o for_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o inquest_n shall_v be_v choose_v upon_o oath_n and_o that_o two_o of_o the_o inquest_n at_o the_o least_o shall_v be_v knight_n and_o those_o not_o interress_v in_o the_o cause_n but_o yet_o this_o can_v not_o rectify_v the_o matter_n for_o it_o seem_v so_o impossible_a to_o do_v justice_n and_o show_v mercy_n this_o way_n 9_o glocest_n cap_n 9_o that_o the_o writ_n be_v at_o length_n take_v away_o and_o man_n leave_v to_o their_o lot_n till_o the_o come_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v endure_v above_o seven_o year_n for_o though_o the_o king_n be_v a_o brave_a soldier_n 29._o west_n 2._o cap._n 29._o and_o prosperous_a yet_o the_o people_n overcome_v he_o and_o recover_v their_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la again_o 29._o cap._n 29._o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o their_o tenant_n heir_n although_o they_o hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n in_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n soccage_n burgage_n or_o fee_n farm_n inferior_a lord_n have_v the_o same_o right_n of_o wardship_n with_o the_o king_n for_o their_o tenor_n in_o knightservice_n although_o their_o tenant_n do_v hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o knight-service_n which_o be_v a_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o tenant_n own_o person_n or_o by_o the_o person_n of_o his_o esquire_n or_o other_o deputy_n in_o his_o stead_n but_o as_o touch_v such_o service_n as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v do_v to_o he_o by_o render_v or_o serve_v he_o with_o arm_n or_o other_o utensile_n this_o be_v no_o knightservice_n though_o such_o utensile_n concern_v war_n 9_o glanvil_n lib_n 7._o cap._n 9_o but_o be_v call_v petit_n serjeanty_n as_o in_o the_o lawbooke_n do_v appear_v nevertheless_o henry_n the_o three_o have_v usurp_v wardship_n in_o such_o case_n also_o and_o the_o same_o among_o other_o occasion_v the_o baron_n war_n 30._o cap._n 30._o no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v a_o freeman_n to_o confess_v matter_n against_o himself_o upon_o oath_n without_o complaint_n first_o make_v against_o he_o nor_o shall_v receive_v any_o complaint_n without_o present_a proof_n this_o law_n in_o the_o original_n be_v set_v down_o in_o another_o kind_n of_o phrase_n in_o the_o first_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v obscure_a by_o reason_n thereof_o in_o express_a word_n it_o be_v thus_o no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v any_o man_n ad_fw-la legem_fw-la manifestam_fw-la which_o impli_v that_o the_o matter_n be_v otherwise_o obscure_a if_o the_o party_n that_o be_v complain_v of_o or_o suspect_v do_v not_o manifest_v the_o same_o by_o his_o own_o declare_v of_o the_o truth_n or_o matter_n inquire_v after_o and_o therefore_o they_o use_v in_o such_o case_n to_o put_v he_o to_o oath_n and_o if_o he_o deny_v the_o matter_n or_o acquit_v himself_o the_o judge_n will_v sometime_o discharge_v he_o or_o otherwise_o put_v he_o to_o his_o compurgator_n and_o this_o be_v call_v lex_fw-la manifesta_fw-la or_o lex_fw-la apparens_fw-la and_o it_o be_v a_o trick_n first_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o temporal_a judge_n imitate_v they_o therein_o and_o this_o become_v a_o snare_n and_o sore_a burden_n to_o the_o subject_n to_o avoid_v which_o they_o complain_v of_o this_o new_a kind_n of_o trial_n and_o for_o remedy_n of_o this_o usurpation_n this_o law_n revive_v and_o establish_v the_o only_a and_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n for_o glanvill_n say_v ob_fw-la infamiam_fw-la non_fw-la solet_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliquis_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la 106_o bracton_n foe_fw-mi 106_o and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v urge_v upon_o such_o difficulty_n unless_o by_o the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n be_v first_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o complaint_n and_o witness_n ready_a to_o maintain_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o both_o appeal_n and_o action_n then_o use_v to_o conclude_v their_o plea_n with_o the_o name_n of_o witness_n subjoin_v which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v imply_v in_o those_o general_a word_n in_o their_o conclusion_n et_fw-la inde_fw-la producit_fw-la sectam_fw-la svam_fw-la that_o be_v he_o bring_v his_o sect_n or_o suit_n or_o such_o as_o do_v follow_v or_o affirm_v his_o complaint_n as_o a_o other_o part_n also_o be_v imply_v in_o those_o word_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la paratus_fw-la est_fw-la verificare_fw-la hengham_n seld._n super_fw-la hengham_n for_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n sect_n or_o suit_n of_o witness_n do_v not_o full_o prove_v the_o matter_n in_o fact_n the_o defendant_n averment_n be_v make_v good_a by_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n and_o so_o the_o trial_n be_v conclude_v no_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_n 31._o cap._n 31._o or_o liberty_n outlaw_v or_o banish_v or_o invade_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n nor_o shall_v justice_n be_v
of_o these_o person_n the_o one_o be_v perpetual_a the_o other_o temporary_a therefore_o be_v there_o also_o by_o these_o law_n a_o difference_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o their_o estate_n for_o the_o tutor_n have_v a_o right_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o one_o and_o but_o a_o bare_a authority_n or_o power_n in_o provide_v for_o the_o other_o second_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tutor_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v ancient_o it_o be_v the_o next_o kindred_n ground_v as_o i_o conceive_v upon_o the_o natural_a affection_n go_v along_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o this_o so_o continue_v in_o custom_n until_o these_o time_n for_o though_o the_o miror_fw-la of_o justice_n say_v that_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v in_o that_o course_n of_o give_v the_o custody_n of_o these_o disable_v person_n to_o the_o king_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v yet_o bracton_n that_o write_v long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o speak_v of_o these_o kind_n of_o person_n say_v 20._o bract._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 20._o talibus_fw-la de_fw-fr necessitate_v dandus_fw-la est_fw-la tutor_n vel_fw-la curator_n not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v that_o some_o be_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o other_o under_o their_o parent_n and_o friend_n 10_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 10_o but_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o law_n be_v never_o so_o uncertain_a it_o be_v now_o a_o declare_a law_n that_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o common_a curator_n or_o tutor_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o he_o be_v a_o chief_a justice_n render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n 4._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 11._o west_n 1._o cap._n 4._o what_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o wreck_n the_o statute_n at_o westm_n 1._o declare_v viz._n where_o the_o ship_n so_o perish_v that_o nothing_o therein_o escape_v alive_a and_o these_o be_v rather_o in_o their_o original_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o curator_n then_o give_v he_o as_o a_o proprietor_n although_o that_o custom_n have_v since_o settle_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v account_v rather_o a_o title_n by_o estoppell_n for_o the_o fundamental_a ground_n be_v that_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v and_o therefore_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o and_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o till_o the_o owner_n do_v appear_v 17._o marlb_n cap._n 17._o the_o heir_n in_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n and_o a_o account_n against_o his_o guardian_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o heir_n in_o socage_n be_v under_o age_n shall_v also_o be_v under_o custody_n of_o such_o guardian_n of_o the_o next_o kindred_n 37._o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 37._o who_o can_v challenge_v right_o of_o inheritance_n in_o such_o land_n so_o hold_v as_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o father_n side_n the_o mother_n or_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o so_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o mother_n the_o father_n or_o next_o kindred_n of_o the_o father_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o this_o custody_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o authority_n or_o power_n only_o and_o no_o right_a as_o in_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o knightservice_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v grant_v over_o as_o the_o wardship_n in_o knightservice_n may_v but_o the_o guardian_n in_o socage_n remain_v accountant_a to_o the_o heir_n for_o all_o profit_n both_o of_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o full_a age_n of_o tenant_n in_o socage_n be_v such_o age_n wherein_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n which_o be_v 14_o year_n for_o at_o such_o age_n he_o may_v b_o able_a by_o common_a repute_n to_o aid_v in_o tillage_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v his_o proper_a service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o a_o burgess_n have_v no_o set_a time_n of_o full_a age_n but_o at_o such_o time_n as_o he_o can_v tell_v money_n and_o measure_n cloth_n and_o such_o work_n as_o concern_v that_o call_n 1._o merton_n cap._n 1._o widow_n deforce_v of_o their_o dower_n of_o quarentine_n shall_v by_o action_n recover_v damage_n till_o they_o recover_v their_o dower_n 2._o cap._n 2._o they_o shall_v also_o have_v power_n to_o divise_v their_o crop_n arise_v from_o her_o dower_n 40._o bract._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 40._o it_o be_v use_v that_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o crop_n with_o the_o land_n but_o this_o statute_n alter_v that_o former_a usage_n and_o yet_o save_v the_o lord_n liberty_n to_o distrain_v if_o any_o service_n be_v due_a writ_n de_fw-la consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la grant_v in_o case_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o same_o law_n and_o need_v the_o same_o remedy_n 24._o west_n 2._o cap._n 24._o and_o such_o writ_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o agreement_n of_o the_o clerk_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o advice_n of_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o law_n it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n that_o no_o writ_n do_v issue_n forth_o against_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_o in_o use_n and_o agree_v upon_o in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o grievance_n and_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n that_o king_n use_v to_o send_v writ_n of_o new_a impression_n to_o execute_v the_o dictate_v of_o their_o own_o will_n and_o not_o of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 44._o m._n paris_n addit_fw-la artic._n 44._o as_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v witness_v nevertheless_o because_o many_o man_n case_n befall_v not_o direct_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o any_o law_n for_o remedy_n and_o yet_o be_v very_o burdensome_a for_o want_v of_o remedy_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o this_o law_n that_o in_o such_o emergent_a case_n that_o do_v befall_v within_o the_o inconvenience_n shall_v likewise_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o remedy_n of_o that_o law_n aid_v to_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o lord_n a_o knight_n 36._o west_n 1._o c._n 36._o and_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v be_v assess_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o twenty_o pound_n in_o yearly_a value_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o aid_n be_v by_o this_o law_n reduce_v and_o settle_v as_o touch_v the_o sum_n and_o thereby_o deliver_v the_o people_n from_o much_o oppression_n which_o they_o suffer_v former_o nor_o be_v only_o the_o particular_a sum_n hereby_o but_o also_o the_o age_n of_o the_o son_n when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o knight_n viz._n at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n too_o soon_o for_o he_o to_o perform_v knightservice_n but_o not_o too_o soon_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o get_v his_o money_n and_o the_o daughter_n likewise_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v fit_a for_o marriage_n at_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v her_o consent_n thereto_o albeit_o that_o in_o truth_n she_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o one_o or_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o lord_n gain_v that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o have_v the_o aid_n beforehand_o though_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v not_o for_o many_o year_n after_o and_o if_o the_o lord_n die_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o executor_n have_v asset_n pay_v it_o or_o otherwise_o his_o heir_n chap._n lxviii_o of_o court_n and_o their_o proceed_n beside_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v ancient_a as_o have_v be_v say_v other_o court_n have_v be_v raise_v of_o latter_a birth_n albeit_o even_o they_o also_o have_v be_v of_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o divers_a of_o they_o itinerant_a also_o and_o some_o of_o they_o settle_v in_o one_o place_n the_o work_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v universal_a comprehend_v both_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n that_o of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n be_v only_o of_o crown_n plea_n original_o commence_v and_o inquire_v of_o by_o themselves_o and_o grant_v forth_o upon_o emergent_a crime_n of_o important_a consequence_n that_o require_v speedy_a regard_n and_o reformation_n justice_n of_o gaol-delivery_n have_v a_o more_o large_a work_n that_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o gaol_n of_o all_o criminal_a offender_n former_o indict_v or_o before_o themselves_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la be_v to_o have_v cognisance_n of_o common_a plea_n only_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v but_o for_n inquiry_n all_o which_o save_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a in_o ancient_a use_n be_v institute_v
sr._n nathaniel_n bacon_n from_o a_o original_a at_o the_o lord_n viscount_n grimslon's_n at_o gorhambury_n pubd._n augt._n 10._o 1795._o by_o w._n richardson_n castle_n st._n leicester_n square_n a_o historical_a discourse_n of_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o government_n of_o england_n the_o first_o part_n from_o the_o first_o time_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o london_n print_v for_o matthew_n walbancke_n at_o grayes-inne-gate_n 1647._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a edward_z earl_n of_o manchester_n speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o the_o honourable_a william_n lenthall_n esqu_n speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o parliament_n may_v it_o please_v you_o to_o accept_v of_o this_o sacrifice_n which_o i_o offer_v before_o your_o supreme_a judicatory_a to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o time_n the_o fire_n be_v that_o of_o loyalty_n neither_o wild_a nor_o common_a nor_o be_v the_o thing_n altogether_o forbid_v and_o unclean_a i_o confess_v its_o maim_a and_o unworthy_a yet_o it_o be_v the_o best_a that_o i_o have_v and_o in_o that_o regard_n while_o i_o now_o stand_v at_o your_o bar_n if_o you_o shall_v please_v to_o dismiss_v i_o without_o kneel_v i_o shall_v in_o that_o posture_n do_v the_o house_n the_o best_a service_n that_o i_o can_v elsewhere_o nath_n bacon_n to_o consideration_n a_o private_a debate_n concern_v the_o right_a of_o a_o english_a king_n to_o arbitrary_a rule_n over_o english_a subject_n as_o successor_n to_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n so_o call_v first_o occasion_v this_o discourse_n herein_o i_o have_v necessary_o fall_v upon_o the_o antiquity_n and_o uniformity_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o nation_n it_o be_v clear_v may_v also_o serve_v as_o a_o idea_n for_o they_o to_o consider_v who_o do_v mind_n the_o restitution_n of_o this_o shatter_a frame_n of_o policy_n for_o as_o in_o all_o orhe_a cure_n so_o in_o that_o of_o a_o distemper_a government_n the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o body_n be_v not_o light_o to_o be_v regard_v and_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o a_o small_a model_n bring_v no_o less_o furtherance_n to_o the_o right_a apprehension_n of_o the_o true_a nature_n thereof_o beside_o the_o delight_n than_o the_o peruse_n of_o a_o map_n do_v to_o the_o traveler_n after_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a travail_n i_o propound_v not_o this_o discourse_n as_o a_o pattern_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o life_n of_o the_o thing_n nor_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o a_o masterpiece_n for_o future_a age_n for_o well_o i_o do_v know_v that_o commonweal_n in_o their_o minority_n do_v want_v not_o only_a perfection_n of_o strength_n and_o beauty_n but_o also_o of_o part_n and_o proportion_n especial_o see_v that_o their_o full_a age_n attain_v no_o further_a growth_n then_o to_o a_o mixture_n of_o divers_a form_n in_o one_o ambition_n have_v do_v much_o by_o discourse_n and_o action_n to_o bring_v forth_o monarchy_n out_o of_o the_o womb_n of_o notion_n but_o yet_o like_a that_o of_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n the_o issue_n be_v but_o wind_n and_o the_o end_n misery_n to_o the_o undertaker_n and_o therefore_o more_o than_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o this_o nether_a world_n best_a government_n consist_v in_o the_o uphold_v of_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o several_a interest_n compound_v into_o one_o temperature_n he_o that_o know_v the_o secret_n of_o all_o man_n heart_n do_v know_v that_o my_o aim_n in_o this_o discourse_n be_v neither_o at_o sceptre_n or_o crosier_n nor_o after_o popular_a dotage_n but_o that_o justice_n and_o truth_n may_v moderate_v in_o all_o this_o be_v a_o vessel_n i_o confess_v ill_a and_o weak_o build_v yet_o do_v it_o adventure_n into_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o your_o censure_n gentleman_n who_o be_v antiquary_n lawyer_n and_o historian_n any_o one_o of_o who_o may_v have_v steer_v in_o this_o course_n much_o better_a than_o myself_o have_v my_o own_o credit_n be_v the_o fraite_n i_o must_v have_v expect_v nothing_o less_o than_o wrack_n and_o loss_n of_o all_o but_o the_o main_a propose_n of_o this_o voyage_n be_v for_o discovery_n of_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o this_o government_n to_o common_a view_n i_o shall_v ever_o account_v your_o just_a censure_n and_o contradiction_n especial_o publish_v with_o their_o ground_n to_o be_v my_o most_o happy_a return_n and_o as_o a_o crown_n to_o this_o work_n and_o that_o my_o labour_n have_v its_o full_a reward_n if_o other_o take_v advantage_n by_o my_o imperfection_n shall_v beautify_v england_n with_o a_o more_o perfect_a and_o lively_a character_n the_o content_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o briton_n and_o their_o government_n p._n 1_o chap._n 2_o concern_v the_o conversion_n of_o the_o briton_n unto_o the_o faith_n p._n 3_o chap._n 3._o of_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o roman_n into_o britain_n and_o the_o state_n thereof_o during_o their_o continuance_n p._n 5_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o government_n p._n 12_o chap._n 5._o of_o augustine_n come_v to_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n his_o entertainment_n and_o work_n p._n 17_o chap._n 6._o of_o the_o imbody_v of_o prelacy_n into_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n p._n 21_o chap._n 7._o of_o metropolitan_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n p._n 23_o chap._n 8._o of_o the_o saxon_a bishop_n p._n 25_o chap._n 9_o of_o the_o saxon_a presbyter_n p._n 27_o chap._n 10._o of_o inferior_a church-officer_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 28_o chap._n 11._o of_o churchmen_n maintenance_n among_o the_o saxon_n p_o 29_o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o several_a precinct_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o church-governors_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 35_o chap._n 13._o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o prelate_n government_n of_o the_o saxon_a church_n p._n 36_o chap._n 14._o of_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a p._n 39_o cha._n 15._o a_o brief_a censure_n of_o the_o saxon_a prelatical_a church_n government_n p._n 43_o chap._n 16._o of_o the_o saxon_n commonweal_n and_o the_o government_n thereof_o and_o first_o of_o the_o king_n p._n 46_o chap._n 17._o of_o the_o saxon_a nobility_n p._n 53_o chap._n 18._o of_o the_o freeman_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 55_o chap._n 19_o of_o the_o villain_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 56_o chap._n 20._o of_o the_o grand_a council_n among_o the_o saxon_n call_v the_o micklemote_a p._n 57_o chap._n 21._o of_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n p._n 62_o chap._n 22._o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n p._n 63_o chap._n 23._o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o first_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n and_o their_o officer_n p._n 65_o chap._n 24._o of_o the_o county_n court_n and_o sheriff_n tear_v p._n 66_o chap._n 25._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o county_n into_o hundred_o and_o the_o officer_n and_o court_n thereto_o belong_v p._n 68_o chap._n 26._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o hundred_o into_o decennary_n p._n 70_o chap._n 27._o of_o franchise_n and_o first_o of_o the_o church_n franchise_n p._n 71_o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o second_o franchise_n call_v the_o march_n p._n 72_o chap._n 29._o of_o county_n palatine_n p._n 73_o chap._n 30._o of_o franchise_n of_o the_o person_n ibid._n chap._n 31._o of_o manor_n p._n 75_o ch._n 32._o of_o court_n incident_a &_o unite_v unto_o manor_n p._n 77_o chap._n 33._o of_o township_n and_o their_o market_n p._n 79_o chap._n 34._o of_o the_o forest_n p._n 82_o chap._n 35._o concern_v judge_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n p._n 84_o chap._n 36._o of_o the_o proceed_n in_o judicature_n by_o indictment_n appeal_v presentment_n and_o action_n p._n 85_o chap._n 37._o of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o extraordinary_a trial_n by_o torture_n ordeale_o compurgator_n and_o battle_n p._n 88_o chap._n 38._o of_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o trial_n among_o the_o saxon_n by_o inquest_n p._n 91_o chap._n 39_o of_o pass_v judgement_n and_o execution_n p._n 94_o chap._n 40._o of_o the_o penal_a law_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 96_o chap._n 41._o of_o the_o law_n of_o property_n of_o land_n and_o good_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o conveyance_n p._n 102_o chap._n 42._o of_o the_o time_n of_o law_n and_o vacancy_n p._n 110_o chap._n 43._o a_o epilogue_n to_o the_o saxon_a government_n p._n 111_o chap._n 44._o of_o the_o norman_a entrance_n p._n 113_o chap._n 45._o of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n that_o it_o be_v by_o election_n p._n 115_o chap._n 46._o that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o norman_n proceed_v upon_o the_o saxon_a principle_n and_o first_o of_o parliament_n p._n 120_o chap._n 47._o of_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o norman_a time_n p._n 123_o
chap._n 48._o of_o the_o several_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n by_o march_n county_n hundred_o burrough_n lordship_n and_o decennary_n p._n 131_o chap._n 49._o of_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o saxon_a free_a man_n under_o the_o norman_a government_n p._n 135_o chap._n 50._o recollection_n of_o certain_a norman_a law_n concern_v the_o crown_n in_o relation_n to_o those_o of_o the_o saxon_n former_o mention_v p._n 138_o chap._n 51._o of_o the_o like_a law_n that_o concern_v common_a interest_n of_o good_n p._n 142_o chap._n 52._o of_o law_n that_o concern_v common_a interest_n of_o land_n p._n 144_o chap._n 53._o of_o divers_a law_n make_v concern_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n p._n 150_o chap._n 54._o of_o the_o militia_n during_o the_o norman_n time_n p._n 152_o chap._n 55._o that_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o norman_n into_o this_o government_n can_v not_o be_v by_o conquest_n p._n 155_o chap._n 56._o a_o brief_a survey_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o writer_n concern_v the_o point_n of_o conquest_n p._n 158_o chap._n 57_o of_o the_o government_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o steven_n henry_n the_o second_o richard_z the_o first_o and_o john_n and_o first_o of_o their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o disposition_n in_o government_n p._n 165_o chap._n 58._o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n from_o the_o conquest_n and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o several_a king_n p._n 172_o chap._n 59_o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o their_o power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o norman_a time_n p._n 175_o chap._n 60._o of_o the_o english_a communally_n since_o the_o norman_a time_n p._n 188_o chap._n 61._o of_o judicature_n the_o court_n and_o their_o judge_n p._n 189_o chap._n 62._o of_o certain_a law_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 2._o p._n 193_o chap_n 63._o of_o the_o militia_n of_o this_o kingdom_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o king_n p._n 205_o chap._n 64._o of_o the_o government_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o edward_z the_o first_o and_z edward_z the_o second_o king_n of_o england_n and_o first_o a_o general_a view_n of_o the_o disposition_n of_o their_o government_n p._n 207_o chap._n 65._o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o p._n 221_o chap._n 66._o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o english_a clergy_n until_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o herein_o concern_v the_o statute_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la and_o of_o general_n counsel_n and_o nationall_n synod_n p._n 225_o chap._n 67._o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o free_a man_n of_o england_n and_o the_o grand_a charter_n and_o several_a statute_n concern_v the_o same_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o king_n p._n 253_o chap._n 68_o of_o court_n and_o their_o proceed_n p._n 284_o chap._n 69._o of_o coroner_n sheriff_n and_o crown_n plea_n p._n 286_o chap._n 70._o of_o the_o militia_n during_o these_o king_n reign_v p._n 294_o chap._n 71._o of_o the_o peace_n p._n 300_o prologue_n the_o policy_n of_o english_a government_n so_o far_o as_o be_v praiseworthy_a be_v all_o one_o with_o divine_a providence_n wrap_v up_o in_o a_o veil_n of_o king_n and_o wise_a man_n and_o thus_o implicit_o have_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o world_n by_o historian_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v read_v man_n and_o wear_v their_o pen_n in_o decipher_v their_o person_n and_o condition_n some_o of_o who_o have_v meet_v with_o ingenuous_a writer_n survive_v themselves_o possible_o more_o famous_a after_o death_n than_o before_o other_o after_o a_o miserable_a life_n waste_v be_v yet_o more_o miserable_a in_o be_v little_o better_o than_o table_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o painter_n workmanship_n and_o to_o let_v the_o world_n know_v that_o their_o historian_n be_v more_o witty_a than_o themselves_o of_o who_o they_o write_v be_v either_o wise_a or_o good_a and_o thus_o history_n that_o shall_v be_v a_o witness_n of_o truth_n and_o time_n become_v little_o better_o than_o a_o parable_n or_o rather_o than_o a_o nonsense_n in_o a_o fair_a character_n who_o best_a commendation_n be_v that_o it_o be_v well_o write_v doubtless_o history_n of_o person_n or_o life_n of_o man_n have_v their_o excellency_n in_o fruit_n for_o imitation_n and_o continuance_n of_o fame_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o virtue_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o coacervation_n of_o these_o together_o declare_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o commonweal_n better_o than_o the_o beauty_n of_o a_o body_n dismember_v be_v revive_v by_o thrust_v together_o the_o member_n which_o can_v be_v without_o deformity_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o many_o wise_a and_o good_a king_n and_o queen_n of_o this_o realm_n may_v just_o challenge_v the_o honour_n of_o pass_v many_o excellent_a law_n albeit_o its_o the_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o representative_a body_n to_o form_v they_o yet_o to_o no_o one_o nor_o all_o of_o they_o can_v we_o attribute_v the_o honour_n of_o that_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n that_o constitute_v this_o bless_a frame_n of_o government_n for_o seldom_o be_v it_o see_v that_o one_o prince_n build_v upon_o the_o foundation_n of_o his_o predecessor_n or_o pursue_v his_o end_n or_o aim_n because_o as_o several_a man_n they_o have_v several_a judgement_n and_o desire_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o royal_a kind_n of_o self-love_n that_o incit_v they_o either_o to_o exceed_v former_a precedent_n or_o at_o least_o to_o differ_v from_o they_o that_o they_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o rule_v by_o copy_n as_o insufficient_a of_o themselves_o which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o disparagement_n to_o such_o as_o be_v above_o add_v hereunto_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v conceit_v that_o the_o wise_a of_o our_o ancestor_n see_v the_o idea_n of_o this_o government_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o where_o in_o precedent_n but_o in_o he_o that_o determine_v the_o same_o from_o eternity_n for_o as_o no_o nation_n can_v show_v more_o variety_n and_o inconstancy_n in_o the_o government_n of_o prince_n than_o this_o especial_o for_o three_o hundred_o year_n next_o ensue_v the_o norman_n so_o reason_n can_v move_v imagination_n that_o these_o wheel_n by_o divers_a if_o not_o contrary_a motion_n can_v ever_o conspire_v into_o this_o temperature_n of_o policy_n be_v there_o not_o some_o primum_fw-la mobile_a that_o have_v ever_o keep_v one_o constant_a motion_n in_o all_o my_o aim_n therefore_o shall_v be_v to_o lay_v aside_o the_o consideration_n of_o man_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v and_o to_o extract_v a_o summary_n view_v of_o the_o cardinal_n pass_v of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o to_o glance_v at_o various_a aspect_n of_o the_o ancient_a upon_o the_o modern_a that_o so_o these_o divers_a prince_n and_o wise_a counsel_n in_o their_o different_a course_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o instrument_n of_o he_o that_o be_v but_o one_o and_o of_o one_o mind_n who_o go_n forth_o have_v be_v in_o a_o continual_a course_n of_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n for_o ourselves_o in_o these_o latter_a day_n and_o herein_o i_o be_o encourage_v because_o i_o be_o not_o in_o danger_n of_o temptation_n to_o flattery_n or_o spleen_n nor_o pinch_v with_o penury_n of_o ground_n of_o observation_n have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o nation_n than_o which_o a_o clear_a miror_fw-la of_o god_n gracious_a government_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v among_o all_o the_o nation_n and_o people_n under_o heaven_n the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n of_o this_o book_n i._o the_o sum_n of_o the_o several_a reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_z richard_z the_o second_o fol._n 3._o ii_o the_o state_n of_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n in_o relation_n of_o he_o to_o it_o and_o of_o it_o to_o he_o fol._n 13._o iii_o of_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o lord_n f._n 26._o iv_o of_o the_o chancery_n fol._n 35._o v._o of_o the_o admiral_n court._n fol._n 41._o vi_o of_o the_o churchmen_n interest_n fol._n 45._o vii_o concern_v trade_n fol._n 64._o viii_o of_o treason_n and_o legiance_n with_o some_o consideration_n concern_v calvin_n case_n fol._n 76._o ix_o of_o court_n for_o cause_n criminal_a with_o their_o law_n foe_fw-mi 92._o x._o of_o the_o course_n of_o civil_a justice_n during_o these_o time_n foe_fw-mi 96._o xi_o of_o the_o militia_n in_o these_o time_n fol._n 98._o xii_o of_o the_o peace_n fol._n 108._o xiii_o a_o view_n of_o the_o summary_n course_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o henry_n the_o five_o and_z henry_n the_o six_o in_o their_o several_a reign_n fol._n 115._o fourteen_o of_o the_o parliament_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o several_a king_n fol._n 127._o xv._o of_o the_o custos_fw-la or_o protector_n regni_n fol._n 134._o xvi_o concern_v the_o privy_a council_n fol._n 141._o xvii_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o
church-government_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 146._o xviii_o of_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n fol._n 162._o xix_o of_o the_o court_n of_o crown_n plas_n and_o common_a law_n foe_n 165_o xx._n concern_v sheriff_n fol._n 168._o xxi_o of_o justice_n and_o law_n concern_v the_o peace_n fol._n 170._o xxii_o of_o the_o militia_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 175._o xxiii_o a_o short_a survey_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o edward_z the_o five_o and_z richard_z the_o three_o fol._n 181._o xxiv_o of_o the_o government_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o parliament_n fol._n 187._o xxv_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o clergy_n fol._n 191._o xxvi_o a_o short_a sum_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o and_o henry_n the_o eight_o fol._n 194._o xxvii_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o crown_n fol._n 202._o xxviii_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o these_o time_n fol._n 223._o xxix_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o convocation_n f._n 229._o xxx_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o their_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n fol._n 232._o xxxi_o of_o judicature_n fol._n 241._o xxxii_o of_o the_o militia_n fol._n 245._o xxxiii_o of_o the_o peace_n fol._n 253._o xxxiv_o of_o the_o general_a government_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o queen_n marry_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n fol._n 259._o xxxv_o of_o the_o supreme_a power_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 268._o xxxvi_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 277._o xxxvii_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n ecclesiastical_a during_o these_o last_o time_n fol._n 283._o xxxviii_o of_o the_o militia_n in_o these_o late_a time_n fol._n 290._o thirty-nine_o of_o the_o peace_n fol._n 297._o xl._n a_o summary_n conclusion_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n fol._n 300._o a_o preface_n contain_v a_o vindication_n of_o the_o ancient_a way_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n the_o more_o word_n the_o more_o fault_n be_v a_o divine_a maxim_n that_o have_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o publish_n of_o this_o second_o part_n for_o some_o time_n but_o observe_v the_o ordinary_a humour_n still_o draw_v off_o and_o pass_v a_o harsh_a censure_n upon_o my_o intention_n in_o my_o first_o part_n than_o i_o expect_v i_o do_v proceed_v to_o fulfil_v my_o course_n that_o if_o censure_n will_v be_v it_o may_v be_v upon_o better_a ground_n when_o the_o whole_a matter_n be_v before_o herein_o i_o shall_v once_o more_o mind_n that_o i_o meddle_v not_o with_o the_o theological_a right_n of_o king_n or_o other_o power_n but_o with_o the_o civil_a right_n in_o fact_n now_o in_o hand_n and_o because_o some_o man_n pen_n of_o late_a have_v range_v into_o a_o denial_n of_o the_o commons_o ancient_a right_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o other_o even_o to_o adnull_v the_o right_n both_o of_o lord_n and_o commons_o therein_o resolve_v all_o such_o power_n into_o that_o one_o principle_n of_o a_o king_n quicquid_fw-la libet_fw-la licet_fw-la so_o make_v the_o breach_n much_o wide_a then_o at_o the_o beginning_n i_o shall_v intend_v my_o course_n against_o both_o as_o touch_v the_o commons_o right_a joint_o with_o the_o lord_n it_o will_v be_v the_o main_a end_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o as_o touch_v the_o commons_o right_a in_o competition_n with_o the_o lord_n i_o will_v first_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o way_n what_o i_o find_v publish_v in_o a_o late_a tractate_n concern_v that_o matter_n and_o so_o proceed_v upon_o the_o whole_a the_o subject_n of_o that_o discourse_n consist_v of_o three_o part_n one_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o ancient_a parliament_n before_o the_o thirteen_o century_n consist_v only_o of_o those_o who_o we_o now_o call_v the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o other_o that_o both_o the_o legislative_a and_o judicial_a power_n of_o the_o parliament_n rest_v whole_o in_o they_o last_o that_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v not_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o till_o puny_a time_n than_o these_o this_o last_o will_v be_v grant_v viz._n that_o these_o several_a title_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n be_v not_o know_v in_o parliament_n till_o of_o late_a time_n nevertheless_o it_o will_v be_v insist_v upon_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o there_o the_o second_o will_v be_v grant_v but_o in_o part_n viz._n that_o the_o lord_n have_v much_o power_n in_o parliament_n in_o point_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o neither_o the_o sole_a nor_o the_o whole_a the_o first_o be_v absolute_o deny_v neither_o be_v the_o same_o prove_v by_o any_o one_o instance_n or_o pregnant_a ground_n in_o all_o that_o book_n and_o therefore_o not_o clear_o demonstrate_v by_o history_n and_o record_n beyond_o contradiction_n as_o the_o title_n page_n of_o that_o book_n do_v hold_v forth_o to_o the_o world_n first_o because_o not_o one_o instance_n in_o all_o that_o book_n be_v exclusive_a to_o the_o commons_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a argument_n of_o the_o discourse_n will_v conclude_v ab_fw-la authoritate_fw-la negativa_fw-la which_o be_v no_o argument_n in_o humane_a testimony_n at_o all_o second_o the_o great_a number_n of_o instance_n in_o that_o book_n be_v by_o he_o suppose_v to_o concern_v parliament_n or_o general_a council_n of_o this_o nation_n hold_v by_o the_o representative_a thereof_o whereas_o indeed_o they_o be_v either_o but_o synodical_a convention_n for_o church_n matter_n whereunto_o the_o poor_a commons_o he_o well_o know_v may_v not_o come_v unless_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o canon_n dint_n or_o if_o they_o do_v yet_o have_v no_o other_o work_n there_o then_o to_o hear_v learn_v and_o receive_v law_n from_o the_o ecclesiastic_n and_o the_o lord_n themselves_o though_o present_a yet_o under_o no_o other_o notion_n be_v they_o then_o as_o council_n to_o the_o king_n who_o they_o can_v not_o cast_v out_o of_o their_o council_n till_o after_o age_n though_o they_o often_o endeavour_v it_o three_o the_o author_n of_o that_o tractate_n also_o well_o know_v that_o king_n usual_o make_v grant_n and_o infeodation_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n without_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o true_a that_o king_n with_o the_o lord_n do_v in_o their_o several_a age_n exercise_v ordinary_o jurisdiction_n in_o case_n of_o distributive_a justice_n especial_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n for_o the_o step_n be_v easy_a from_o be_v commander_n in_o war_n to_o be_v lord_n in_o peace_n but_o hard_o to_o lay_v down_o that_o power_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o justice_n which_o they_o have_v usurp_v in_o the_o rude_a time_n of_o the_o sword_n when_o man_n labour_v for_o life_n rather_o than_o liberty_n and_o no_o less_o difficult_a to_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o their_o deportment_n in_o command_v of_o soldier_n and_o govern_v of_o countryman_n till_o peace_n by_o continuance_n have_v reduce_v they_o to_o a_o little_a more_o sobriety_n nor_o do_v it_o seem_v irrational_a that_o private_a difference_n between_o party_n and_o party_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o a_o more_o private_a way_n then_o to_o trouble_v the_o whole_a representative_a of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o matter_n of_o so_o mean_a concernment_n if_o then_o those_o council_n mention_v by_o the_o author_n which_o concern_v the_o king_n grant_n and_o infeodation_n and_o matter_n of_o judicature_n be_v take_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o precedent_n bring_v by_o he_o to_o maintain_v the_o thing_n aim_v at_o i_o suppose_v scarce_o one_o stone_n will_v be_v leave_v for_o a_o foundation_n to_o such_o a_o glory_v structure_n as_o be_v pretend_v in_o the_o title_n page_n of_o that_o book_n and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o where_o such_o occasion_n have_v befall_v the_o parliament_n sit_v it_o have_v close_v with_o they_o as_o thing_n take_v up_o by_o the_o way_n four_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o author_n have_v also_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o record_n of_o antiquity_n pass_v through_o if_o not_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n only_o and_o they_o may_v think_v it_o sufficient_a for_o they_o to_o honour_v their_o write_n with_o the_o great_a title_n of_o man_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n omit_v the_o commons_o as_o not_o worthy_a of_o mention_n and_o yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o then_o present_a as_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o be_v in_o some_o of_o the_o particular_a instance_n ensue_v to_o which_o we_o come_v now_o in_o a_o more_o punctual_a consideration_n the_o first_o of_o these_o by_o his_o own_o word_n appear_v to_o be_v a_o church-mote_n or_o synod_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 673._o call_v by_o the_o archbishop_n who_o have_v no_o more_o power_n to_o summon_v a_o parliament_n than_o the_o author_n himself_o have_v and_o the_o several_a conclusion_n make_v therein_o do_v all_o show_v that_o the_o people_n have_v no_o work_n
which_o we_o call_v suit_n of_o court_n the_o court_n of_o free_a man_n be_v hold_v from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n wherein_o the_o free_a man_n 72._o miror_fw-la p._n 17._o lind._o gloss_n albin_n hist_o saxon._n p._n 72._o as_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o from_o they_o name_v as_o at_o this_o day_n court_n leete_n or_o the_o court_n of_o the_o liti_fw-la or_o such_o as_o be_v manumit_v or_o free_a man_n in_o this_o court_n all_o action_n or_o suit_n between_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n and_o within_o the_o same_o arise_v be_v determine_v nor_o can_v any_o court_n no_o not_o the_o king_n intermeddle_v with_o such_o suit_n before_o trial_n have_v but_o by_o the_o lord_n allowance_n and_o upon_o this_o privilege_n the_o writ_n of_o right_a patent_n be_v ground_v but_o the_o full_a nature_n of_o this_o court_n be_v not_o within_o my_o intention_n but_o i_o must_v refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o law-booke_n 2._o f._n n._n br._n 2._o for_o it_o be_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o work_n and_o power_n which_o this_o court_n obtain_v by_o continuance_n of_o time_n in_o regard_n that_o manor_n exceed_o multiply_v so_o as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v leave_v free_a and_o many_o one_o of_o they_o extend_v into_o divers_a decennary_n the_o lord_n obtain_v great_a power_n over_o they_o frankpledge_a view_v of_o frankpledge_a and_o have_v of_o king_n grant_v of_o view_n of_o frankpledge_a within_o their_o several_a lordship_n and_o further_a power_n of_o inquiry_n and_o punish_v of_o matter_n of_o public_a nuisance_n and_o such_o as_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o coronam_fw-la which_o by_o custom_n become_v annex_v unto_o the_o court-leete_a the_o nuisance_n of_o copy-holds_a be_v do_v to_o disherison_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o not_o proper_a for_o the_o court_n of_o public_a inquiry_n the_o judge_n of_o this_o courtleet_n be_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n for_o the_o directory_n part_n and_o the_o steward_n be_v proper_o coroner_n within_o the_o manor_n to_o take_v presentment_n and_o certify_v they_o to_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n and_o thus_o this_o court_n swallow_v up_o much_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o decenner_n court_n in_o the_o very_a infancy_n so_o as_o we_o find_v no_o footstep_n of_o any_o writ_n of_o right_a to_o the_o decenner_n or_o chief_a pledge_n but_o contrariwise_o many_o view_n of_o frank_n pledge_v grant_v to_o particular_a person_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n 1_o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1_o and_o many_o thing_n do_v by_o the_o chief_a pledge_n in_o the_o court_n of_o these_o manor_n as_o be_v to_o be_v yet_o see_v in_o many_o ancient_a court_n roll_n the_o other_o court_n which_o by_o common_a right_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o manor_n be_v that_o of_o the_o copyholder_n baron_n court_n baron_n call_v or_o rather_o include_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr which_o albeit_o it_o be_v call_v in_o the_o ordinary_o stile_n curia_fw-la baronum_fw-la yet_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o i_o conceive_v 57_o co._n instit_fw-la cap._n 57_o and_o it_o may_v be_v by_o way_n of_o mistake_n for_o baronis_fw-la for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o proper_o unite_v former_o to_o the_o court_n of_o free_a man_n as_o ab_fw-la excellentiori_fw-la it_o always_o pass_v under_o that_o name_n yet_o when_o that_o court_n be_v omit_v and_o slip_v out_o of_o the_o way_n the_o court_n of_o copyholder_n that_o remain_v improper_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o that_o which_o be_v go_v this_o court_n at_o the_o first_o be_v intend_v only_o for_o the_o lord_n benefit_n and_o for_o the_o tenant_n right_a as_o subservient_fw-fr thereunto_o i_o say_v the_o tenant_n right_a not_o against_o their_o lord_n for_o they_o have_v no_o right_n against_o he_o but_o against_o any_o other_o they_o have_v protection_n of_o law_n both_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o estate_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o by_o custom_n or_o rather_o light_a of_o religion_n their_o person_n and_o estate_n be_v considerable_a even_o by_o the_o lord_n themselves_o which_o also_o cause_v a_o law_n to_o be_v make_v ut_fw-la sic_fw-la de_fw-la suis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la agant_fw-la quatenus_fw-la erga_fw-la deum_fw-la reatum_fw-la non_fw-la incurrant_fw-la &_o regem_fw-la non_fw-la offendant_fw-la edw._n ll._n edw._n which_o law_n can_v never_o be_v intend_v of_o the_o free_a holder_n for_o it_o have_v be_v a_o vain_a redundancy_n to_o have_v make_v a_o especial_a law_n for_o that_o which_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o the_o know_a fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o which_o a_o speedy_a remedy_n lie_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n and_o that_o these_o man_n how_o mean_a soever_o have_v even_o in_o those_o day_n a_o kind_n of_o property_n both_o in_o land_n and_o good_n for_o the_o law_n though_o by_o their_o antique_a language_n darken_v 33._o selden_n spicil_n 184._o cap._n 33._o yet_o plain_o speak_v the_o terra_fw-la sva_fw-la &_o catallis_fw-la ejus_fw-la and_o if_o the_o ancient_a german_n be_v so_o generous_a to_o their_o bondman_n sure_o much_o rather_o after_o their_o come_n into_o this_o island_n in_o as_o much_o as_o their_o service_n be_v more_o and_o more_o necessary_a in_o agriculture_n which_o can_v never_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o native_n who_o be_v not_o in_o their_o own_o person_n conquer_v although_o their_o land_n be_v chap._n xxxiii_o of_o township_n and_o their_o market_n the_o next_o franchese_n be_v that_o of_o town_n this_o be_v take_v up_o as_o a_o birth_n of_o war_n and_o nurse_n of_o peace_n for_o their_o ancestor_n like_v not_o to_o dwell_v in_o crowd_n tacitus_n tacitus_n ne_fw-la pati_fw-la quidem_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la junctas_fw-la sedes_fw-la it_o be_v their_o trade_n or_o pastime_n to_o war_n upon_o beast_n when_o they_o find_v no_o enemy_n among_o they_o this_o solitudinary_a custom_n can_v not_o be_v soon_o shake_v off_o and_o may_v well_o occasion_v multitude_n of_o town_n in_o those_o time_n though_o small_a one_o doubtless_o that_o writer_n speak_v of_o if_o true_a it_o be_v that_o after_o the_o waste_a time_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n be_v find_v in_o england_n forty_o five_o thousand_o parish_n and_o sixty_o two_o thousand_o village_n nor_o be_v peace_n less_o beneficial_a to_o they_o then_o they_o careful_a of_o it_o for_o by_o continuance_n of_o peace_n husbandry_n manufacture_n and_o commerce_v occasion_v people_n to_o gather_v to_o place_n commodious_a for_o habitation_n in_o good_a soil_n nigh_o navigable_a river_n or_o havens_n and_o according_a to_o their_o situation_n and_o trade_n so_o they_o swell_v in_o multitude_n or_o decay_a some_o of_o who_o grow_v more_o eminent_a than_o other_o more_o care_n be_v have_v of_o their_o government_n and_o safety_n for_o the_o late_a by_o build_v of_o wall_n and_o castle_n and_o for_o the_o former_a by_o settle_v a_o magistracy_n peculiar_a to_o that_o place_n or_o township_n not_o as_o so_o many_o decenner_n but_o as_o one_o body_n consist_v of_o many_o member_n and_o thus_o by_o custom_n they_o grow_v to_o be_v fraternity_n or_o corporation_n under_o one_o magistrate_n or_o head_n who_o they_o call_v alderman_n and_o hold_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o first_o hold_v twice_o a_o year_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o leet_n with_o a_o view_n of_o frank_n pledge_n market_n ll._n canut_n cap._n 44._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o market_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o case_n of_o dorcester_n circeter_n and_o doncaster_n in_o alfred_n time_n and_o herewith_o they_o have_v public_a market_n which_o serve_v they_o for_o their_o better_a convenience_n this_o privilege_n of_o market_n be_v a_o liberty_n of_o public_a sale_n and_o trade_n in_o commodity_n that_o principal_o concern_v the_o belly_n but_o by_o common_a course_n become_v a_o pass_n for_o commodity_n of_o every_o kind_n almost_o concern_v this_o liberty_n i_o shall_v desire_v leave_n to_o interpose_v this_o parenthesis_n ensue_v before_o i_o proceed_v in_o the_o intend_a discourse_n in_o the_o first_o time_n as_o every_o man_n by_o common_a right_n have_v property_n in_o his_o own_o good_n so_o by_o the_o same_o right_n he_o have_v power_n to_o alien_n they_o to_o any_o person_n at_o any_o time_n in_o any_o place_n by_o gift_n sale_n exchange_n or_o other_o way_n and_o that_o by_o such_o alienation_n but_o especial_o by_o sale_n a_o right_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o buyer_n against_o all_o man_n save_v the_o eignee_n right_o which_o be_v recompense_v upon_o warranty_n and_o recovery_n in_o value_n and_o in_o those_o day_n common_a sense_n teach_v man_n to_o buy_v or_o sell_v of_o or_o to_o the_o next_o neighbour_n that_o will_v bargain_n with_o they_o and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o occasion_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o next_o assembly_n
which_o as_o some_o think_v be_v make_v advantageous_o for_o the_o pope_n himself_o in_o point_n of_o tenure_n but_o more_o probable_o in_o the_o covenant_n for_o the_o conqueror_n be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o seat_n but_o the_o canon_n law_n begin_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o voice_n of_o a_o royal_a law_n 4._o spicil_n 167._o fox_n mart._n l._n 4._o first_o complain_v of_o misgovernment_n as_o if_o the_o church_n be_v extreme_o wrong_v by_o have_v the_o same_o way_n and_o law_n of_o trial_n with_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n and_o then_o propound_v four_o several_a expedient_n enough_o to_o have_v undo_v the_o whole_a commonweal_n in_o the_o very_a entrance_n have_v not_o the_o superstition_n of_o those_o time_n blind_v both_o parliament_n and_o people_n and_o render_v they_o willing_a with_o that_o which_o their_o successor_n in_o future_a age_n often_o repent_v of_o no_o offence_n against_o the_o bishop_n law_n shall_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n church_n matter_n have_v the_o pre-eminence_n both_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o the_o county_n and_o it_o be_v the_o bishop_n duty_n to_o join_v with_o the_o sheriff_n in_o those_o court_n to_o direct_v and_o see_v to_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n and_o yet_o the_o canon_n have_v be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n forego_v in_o the_o negative_a no_o case_n concern_v the_o regiment_n of_o soul_n shall_v be_v bring_v before_o the_o secular_a judge_n the_o regiment_n of_o soul_n be_v a_o common_a place_n sufficient_a to_o contain_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o order_n thereunto_o and_o so_o every_o one_o that_o have_v a_o soul_n must_v be_v no_o more_o responsal_n unto_o the_o temporal_a judge_n for_o any_o matter_n concern_v it_o but_o unto_o the_o ecclesiastical_a power_n and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o case_n of_o scandal_n as_o against_o the_o moral_a law_n or_o rule_n of_o faith_n but_o for_o disobedience_n do_v to_o the_o canon_n make_v afar_o off_o concern_v any_o gesture_n or_o garb_n that_o may_v come_v within_o the_o savour_n of_o a_o ecclesiastical_a conceit_n that_o all_o delinquent_n against_o the_o bishop_n law_n shall_v answer_v the_o fact_n in_o a_o place_n appoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n to_o that_o end_n so_o as_o now_o the_o bishop_n have_v get_v a_o court_n by_o the_o statute_n law_n that_o have_v former_o no_o other_o card_n to_o show_v but_o that_o of_o the_o canon_n and_o a_o court_n of_o such_o place_n as_o the_o bishop_n shall_v appoint_v however_o inconvenient_a for_o distance_n or_o uncertainty_n it_o be_v that_o the_o trial_n of_o such_o matter_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o canon_n and_o not_o according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o hundred_o that_o be_v not_o by_o jury_n but_o by_o witness_n in_o a_o clandestine_v way_n if_o the_o bishop_n please_v or_o without_o any_o accuser_n or_o by_o more_o scrutiny_n or_o any_o other_o way_n that_o may_v reserve_v the_o lay_v man_n to_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o prepossessed_a spirit_n of_o the_o spiritual_a judge_n and_o thus_o the_o poor_a countryman_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o censure_n of_o a_o unknown_a law_n in_o a_o unknown_a tongue_n by_o a_o unknown_a way_n wherein_o they_o have_v no_o foot_n but_o by_o a_o implicit_a faith_n and_o herein_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n i_o imagine_v be_v more_o manifest_a than_o the_o wisdom_n of_o man_n which_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o foresee_v event_n at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n for_o questionless_a it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o excellent_a wisdom_n for_o the_o people_n now_o under_o a_o king_n of_o a_o rugged_a nature_n that_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o catch_v whatsoever_o he_o can_v get_v to_o deposit_v part_n of_o their_o liberty_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o who_o moderation_n may_v be_v expect_v as_o from_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n and_o as_o partner_n in_o one_o ship_n mutual_a engagement_n to_o withstand_v the_o wave_n of_o prerogative_n of_o king_n that_o seldom_o rest_v till_o it_o break_v all_o bank_n and_o sometime_o over-reache_n its_o own_o guard_n and_o can_v return_v when_o it_o will_v and_o thus_o it_o fall_v out_o for_o many_o time_n the_o pope_n and_o clergy_n become_v protector_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n and_o keep_v they_o safe_a from_o the_o rage_n of_o king_n until_o the_o time_n of_o restitution_n shall_v come_v and_o become_v not_o only_o a_o wall_n of_o defence_n to_o the_o one_o but_o a_o rock_n of_o offence_n to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o triple_a crown_n can_v never_o solder_v with_o the_o english_a nor_o it_o with_o that_o the_o strife_n be_v for_o prerogative_n wherein_o if_o the_o clergy_n gain_v the_o crown_n lose_v and_o no_o moderation_n will_v be_v allow_v for_o the_o conquer_a king_n be_v scarce_o warm_a in_o his_o throne_n when_o as_o the_o pope_n demand_v fealty_n of_o he_o for_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 1068._o spicil_n 164_o baronus_fw-la anal._n a_o 1068._o and_o the_o king_n own_o good_a archbishop_n and_o friend_n lanfranke_a deliver_v the_o message_n as_o also_o anselme_n do_v afterward_o to_o william_n rufus_n which_o though_o king_n have_v courage_n enough_o to_o deny_v yet_o it_o show_v plain_o that_o the_o pope_n mean_v no_o less_o game_n than_o crown-glieke_n with_o the_o king_n and_o people_n the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n hold_v the_o card_n for_o the_o pope_n while_o in_o the_o interim_n he_o oversee_v all_o the_o norman_a king_n thus_o brave_v pay_v the_o pope_n in_o their_o own_o coin_n and_o refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v any_o pope_n but_o such_o as_o be_v first_o allow_v by_o their_o concurrence_n 25._o edmer_n hist_o l._n 1._o p._n 25._o thus_o have_v we_o the_o second_o bravado_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n for_o as_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o full_o enter_v as_o it_o seem_v the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n its_o true_a be_v general_a yet_o their_o sense_n be_v leave_v to_o time_n to_o expound_v and_o the_o course_n of_o succeed_a affair_n nevertheless_o pass_v with_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la for_o whereas_o in_o those_o day_n the_o clergy_n claim_v both_o legislative_a and_o executory_a power_n in_o church_n matter_n the_o norman_n will_v allow_v of_o neither_o but_o claim_v both_o as_o of_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o imperial_a power_n of_o this_o island_n original_o and_o only_o as_o touch_v the_o legislative_a power_n its_o evident_a that_o notwithstanding_o the_o canon_n that_o have_v long_o before_o this_o time_n vote_v the_o laity_n from_o have_v to_o do_v with_o church_n matter_n yet_o the_o norman_a king_n will_v never_o allow_v to_o the_o metropolitan_o the_o power_n of_o call_v synod_n nor_o such_o meeting_n 163._o edmer_n hist_o p._n 6._o &_o 24._o spicil_n 163._o but_o by_o their_o leave_n although_o it_o be_v earnest_o contend_v for_o neither_o can_v the_o clergy_n prevail_v to_o exclude_v the_o laity_n out_o of_o their_o synod_n be_v assemble_v nor_o from_o their_o wont_a privilege_n of_o vote_v therein_o albeit_o that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n by_o canon_n it_o have_v be_v contradict_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o king_n concern_v these_o and_o other_o matter_n grow_v so_o hot_a that_o king_n like_v not_o to_o have_v any_o synod_n or_o meeting_n of_o public_a council_n pap_n epist_n ad_fw-la pascal_n pap_n and_o archbishop_n anselme_n complain_v that_o william_n rufus_n will_v not_o allow_v any_o to_o be_v call_v for_o thirteen_o year_n together_o which_o by_o the_o file_n of_o story_n compare_v with_o that_o epistle_n make_v up_o the_o king_n whole_a reign_n and_o this_o be_v questionless_a the_o cause_n that_o we_o find_v so_o little_a touch_n upon_o parliamentary_a assembly_n in_o the_o norman_a time_n king_n be_v too_o high_a to_o be_v control_v and_o bishop_n too_o proud_a to_o obey_v but_o necessity_n of_o state_n like_v unto_o fate_n prevail_v against_o all_o other_o interest_n whatsoever_o and_o the_o wisdom_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o in_o this_o prevail_v above_o that_o of_o his_o predecessor_n as_o far_o as_o their_o will_n be_v beyond_o he_o for_o it_o be_v bootless_a for_o he_o to_o hold_v out_o against_o the_o church_n that_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o all_o sort_n to_o confirm_v to_o he_o that_o which_o common_a right_n as_o then_o it_o be_v take_v deny_v he_o and_o therefore_o though_o it_o cost_v he_o much_o trouble_n with_o anselme_n he_o recontinue_a the_o liberty_n of_o public_a consultation_n and_o yet_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n and_o honour_n seemly_a well_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o clear_v this_o by_o particular_n for_o beside_o the_o public_a consultation_n at_o his_o entrance_n and_o twice_o after_o that_o for_o supply_v or_o aid_n for_o his_o war_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n with_o the_o emperor_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n
parliament_n or_o general_a assembly_n of_o wise_a man_n if_o the_o first_o foundation_n be_v not_o lay_v thereon_o work_v upon_o the_o feast_n day_n punish_v by_o fine_a 10_o 4._o commandment_n ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 10_o before_o this_o time_n no_o day_n for_o solemn_a worship_n of_o god_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o lord_n day_n by_o this_o all_o day_n celebrate_v or_o institute_v by_o the_o church_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v defend_v by_o the_o civil_a power_n and_o breach_n of_o the_o holy_a observation_n of_o these_o day_n make_v inquirable_a and_o punish_v among_o other_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n commandment_n 6_o commandment_n breach_n of_o the_o peace_n bloodshed_n and_o man_n slaughter_v punish_v by_o fine_a this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o be_v continue_v without_o alteration_n till_o about_o alfred_n time_n who_o zeal_n against_o blood_n cause_v murder_n to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n but_o the_o dane_n bring_v in_o a_o moderation_n if_o it_o may_v right_o be_v so_o call_v be_v now_o second_v by_o their_o kindred_n the_o norman_n who_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o punishment_n by_o death_n 67._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 67._o partly_o because_o be_v a_o warlike_a people_n bloodshed_n may_v seem_v to_o rank_n itself_o under_o the_o regiment_n of_o valour_n and_o partly_o because_o they_o owe_v much_o to_o that_o title_n for_o the_o possession_n of_o all_o that_o they_o have_v get_v in_o england_n and_o to_o prevent_v scandal_n enter_v upon_o the_o rear_n opinion_n step_v in_o that_o a_o miserable_a life_n be_v more_o penal_a than_o death_n and_o therefore_o in_o crime_n of_o the_o deep_a die_n they_o will_v to_o fine_a and_o loss_n of_o member_n ibid._n ibid._n and_o which_o course_n prevail_v most_o either_o to_o stop_v or_o enlarge_v the_o course_n of_o that_o sin_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o disposition_n of_o such_o as_o intend_v to_o make_v trial_n but_o in_o matter_n of_o less_o malignancy_n the_o purse_n rather_o smart_v then_o the_o body_n wherein_o they_o proceed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o punishment_n of_o death_n by_o violence_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o fine_a to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o mercy_n or_o rigour_n of_o any_o person_n etc._n miror_fw-la 254._o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 8_o 10_o 12_o 13_o etc._n etc._n but_o only_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o which_o set_v down_o in_o certainty_n both_o the_o nature_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o fine_a and_o leave_v that_o memorial_n upon_o record_n of_o a_o good_a mind_n at_o least_o to_o a_o equitable_a and_o just_a government_n in_o all_o these_o case_n of_o breach_n of_o peace_n the_o king_n court_n become_v possess_v of_o the_o right_n of_o cognisance_n and_o the_o peace_n be_v now_o call_v the_o king_n peace_n not_o so_o much_o because_o that_o it_o be_v leave_v only_o to_o his_o providentiall_a care_n to_o maintain_v as_o because_o the_o fine_n 3._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 3._o for_o most_o of_o those_o crime_n pertain_v to_o the_o king_n for_o otherwise_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o crime_n that_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la as_o will_v be_v more_o clear_v hereafter_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o subject_n with_o these_o three_o observation_n first_o that_o the_o law_n in_o those_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o norman_n be_v so_o general_a as_o they_o then_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o place_n or_o person_n 10._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 10._o but_o whether_o the_o peace_n be_v break_v upon_o holy_a or_o common_a ground_n or_o upon_o a_o layman_n or_o one_o in_o order_n the_o lay_v power_n seize_v upon_o all_o the_o second_o be_v the_o care_n they_o have_v for_o apprehend_v of_o the_o offender_n in_o this_o kind_n if_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v a_o norman_a or_o frenchman_n 53._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 53._o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manslayer_n be_v charge_v to_o have_v he_o forthcoming_a within_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o to_o pay_v the_o king_n fine_a of_o 46_o mark_n so_o long_o as_o he_o have_v wherewith_o to_o satisfy_v and_o what_o remain_v the_o whole_a hundred_o be_v charge_v but_o if_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v of_o any_o other_o people_n 26._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 26._o the_o hundred_o be_v immediate_o charge_v with_o the_o manslayer_n and_o must_v bring_v he_o to_o answer_v within_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o pay_v the_o king_n fine_a the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v the_o care_n they_o have_v to_o prevent_v breach_n of_o peace_n for_o the_o future_a first_o in_o settle_v of_o nightwatche_n by_o all_o city_n burrough_n castle_n and_o hundred_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o sheriff_n or_o chief_a officer_n by_o common_a council_n shall_v advise_v for_o the_o best_a safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 8._o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 56._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 46._o ll._n h._n 1._o cap._n 8._o second_o in_o forbid_v entertainment_n of_o unknown_a person_n above_o three_o day_n without_o surety_n for_o his_o good_a abearance_n or_o become_v his_o pledge_n for_o the_o public_a safety_n nor_o to_o let_v any_o person_n pass_v away_o without_o testimony_n under_o the_o minister_n and_o neighbour_n hand_n of_o their_o good_a carriage_n a_o man_n commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o marry_a woman_n shall_v forfeit_v to_o his_o lord_n the_o price_n of_o his_o life_n commandment_n 7._o commandment_n this_o make_v the_o crime_n inquirable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o a_o offence_n contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la 14._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 14._o but_o afterward_o it_o be_v finable_a to_o the_o king_n and_o inquirable_a among_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 10._o will_v hen._n 1._o c._n 10._o force_v upon_o a_o woman_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o ravish_v she_o be_v fineable_a but_o if_o a_o rape_n be_v commit_v 19_o ll._n gul._n c._n 19_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v with_o loss_n of_o member_n the_o crime_n and_o offence_n against_o this_o commandment_n be_v always_o punish_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n by_o fine_a at_o the_o least_o and_o be_v still_o in_o the_o norman_n time_n prosecute_v in_o the_o same_o way_n notwithstanding_o the_o grow_a authority_n of_o the_o canon_n commandment_n 8._o commandment_n robbery_n be_v finable_a the_o different_a law_n between_o the_o saxon_n angles_n and_o dane_n now_o by_o the_o norman_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o more_o merciful_a way_n and_o in_o case_n the_o delinquent_n make_v flight_n the_o pledge_n satisfy_v the_o law_n for_o he_o 10._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 4._o glanv_n l._n 6._o c._n 6._o hoveden_n 9_o commandment_n ll._n gulielm_n c._n 57_o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 10._o but_o in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o the_o law_n be_v again_o reduce_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o death_n and_o so_o have_v continue_v there_o shall_v be_v true_a weight_n and_o measure_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o those_o shall_v be_v seal_v and_o this_o be_v the_o constant_a saxon_n law_n perjury_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a and_o as_o former_o still_o inquirable_a among_o the_o crown_n plea_n chap._n li._n the_o like_a of_o law_n that_o concern_v common_a interest_n of_o good_n if_o cattle_n be_v take_v by_o distress_n the_o party_n that_o will_v replery_n they_o shall_v pay_v for_o the_o return_n of_o the_o cattle_n 6._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 6._o and_o give_v security_n to_o bring_v the_o distress_n into_o the_o court_n if_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n it_o be_v demand_v this_o law_n i_o take_v to_o be_v intend_v where_o the_o cattle_n be_v take_v damage_n faisant_fw-fr because_o nothing_o shall_v release_v the_o distress_n in_o other_o case_n but_o obedience_n to_o the_o summons_n no_o distress_n ad_fw-la comparendum_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v but_o after_o three_o several_a summons_n 42._o ll._n guilelm_n c._n 42._o and_o so_o many_o default_n make_v and_o in_o such_o case_n distress_n shall_v issue_v by_o especial_a order_n from_o the_o county_n court_n i_o note_v this_o partly_o to_o show_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o norman_n from_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o delay_n of_o execution_n of_o justice_n by_o so_o much_o mean_a process_n and_o partly_o to_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o these_o day_n wherein_o man_n cattle_n lie_v open_a to_o the_o distress_n of_o every_o oppress_a or_o extort_v bailiff_n or_o unknown_a person_n and_o no_o summons_n make_v at_o all_o whereby_o many_o poor_a man_n estate_n be_v either_o undo_v or_o they_o must_v submit_v to_o the_o unjust_a demand_n of_o their_o adversary_n no_o manner_n of_o good_n of_o above_o four_o penny_n in_o value_n shall_v be_v buy_v unless_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o four_o witness_n of_o the_o town_n 43._o will_v gulielm_n cap._n 43._o and_o the_o vendor_n shall_v satisfy_v out_o of_o his_o own_o
withstand_v all_o though_o he_o have_v twice_o consent_v and_o once_o subscribe_v to_o they_o clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n have_v also_o receive_v some_o kind_n of_o allowance_n thereof_o even_o from_o rome_n itself_o 12._o cap._n 12._o clergy_n man_n hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la shall_v do_v such_o service_n as_o to_o their_o tenure_n belong_v and_o shall_v assist_v in_o the_o king_n court_n till_o judgement_n of_o life_n or_o member_n two_o thing_n be_v hereby_o manifest_a first_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o conqueror_n law_n former_o mention_v bishop_n still_o sit_v as_o judge_n in_o the_o king_n court_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n but_o it_o be_v upon_o cause_n that_o mere_o concern_v the_o laity_n so_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n extend_v only_o to_o separate_v the_o laity_n out_o of_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o not_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o the_o lay_v court_n second_o that_o the_o clergy_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n question_v their_o service_n due_a by_o tenure_n as_o if_o they_o intend_v neither_o lord_n nor_o king_n but_o the_o pope_n only_o doubtless_o the_o use_n of_o tenor_n in_o those_o time_n be_v of_o infinite_a consequence_n to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o government_n of_o these_o king_n when_o as_o by_o these_o principal_o not_o only_a all_o degree_n be_v untie_v and_o make_v dependent_a from_o the_o lord_n paramount_n to_o the_o tenant_n peravale_fw-mi but_o especial_o the_o clergy_n with_o the_o laity_n upon_o the_o crown_n without_o which_o a_o strange_a metamorphosis_n in_o government_n must_v needs_o have_v ensue_v beyond_o the_o shape_n of_o any_o reasonable_a conceit_n the_o one_o half_a almost_o of_o the_o people_n in_o england_n be_v absolute_o put_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o foreign_a power_n sanctuary_n shall_v not_o protect_v forfeit_v good_n 14._o cap._n 13_o 14._o nor_o clerk_n convict_v or_o confess_v this_o be_v law_n but_o violence_n do_v both_o now_o and_o afterward_o much_o obliterate_v it_o church_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v alien_v with_o out_o licence_n 15._o constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n cap._n 15._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o no_o tenement_n hold_v by_o service_n can_v be_v alien_v without_o licence_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o lord_n because_o of_o the_o allegiance_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n now_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o church_n may_v lie_v in_o tenure_n as_o well_o as_o other_o tenement_n but_o the_o strife_n be_v by_o the_o churchman_n to_o hold_v their_o tenement_n free_a from_o all_o humane_a service_n which_o the_o king_n withstand_v son_n of_o the_o laity_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v into_o monastery_n without_o the_o lord_n consent_n 16._o cap._n 16._o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n with_o the_o former_a for_o the_o lord_n have_v not_o only_o right_a in_o his_o tenant_n which_o can_v not_o be_v alien_v without_o his_o consent_n but_o also_o a_o right_a in_o his_o tenant_n child_n in_o regard_n they_o in_o time_n may_v by_o descent_n become_v his_o tenant_n &_o so_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o ground_n of_o law_n for_o although_o this_o be_v no_o alienation_n by_o legal_a purchase_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o relation_n for_o he_o that_o be_v in_o a_o monastery_n be_v dead_a to_o all_o worldly_a affair_n these_o than_o be_v the_o right_n that_o the_o king_n claim_v and_o the_o clergy_n disclaim_v at_o the_o first_o although_o upon_o more_o sober_a consideration_n they_o general_o consent_v unto_o the_o five_o last_o but_o their_o captain_n archbishop_n becket_n withstand_v the_o rest_n which_o cost_v he_o his_o life_n in_o the_o conclusion_n with_o this_o honourable_a testimony_n that_o his_o death_n samson_n like_v effect_v more_o than_o his_o life_n for_o the_o main_a thing_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o pope_n gain_v to_o be_v friend_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o great_a a_o stickler_n in_o the_o church_n affair_n as_o becket_n be_v in_o this_o tragedy_n the_o pope_n observe_v how_o the_o english_a bishop_n have_v forsake_v their_o archbishop_n espy_v a_o muse_n through_o which_o all_o the_o game_n of_o the_o popedom_n may_v soon_o escape_v and_o the_o pope_n be_v leave_v to_o sit_v upon_o thorn_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o authority_n here_o in_o england_n for_o let_v the_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n be_v a_o swear_a servant_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o the_o christian_a world_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a bishop_n not_o concur_v it_o will_v make_v the_o triple_a crown_n at_o the_o best_a but_o double_a 1179._o antiq._n brit._n 302._o f_o xe_n an._n 1179._o alexander_n the_o pope_n therefore_o mean_v not_o to_o trust_v their_o fair_a nature_n any_o long_o but_o put_v a_o oath_n upon_o every_o english_a bishop_n to_o take_v before_o their_o consecration_n whereby_o he_o become_v bind_v 1._o to_o absolute_a allegiance_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o romish_a church_n 2._o not_o to_o further_a by_o deed_n or_o consent_v any_o prejudice_n to_o they_o 3._o to_o conceal_v their_o counsel_n 4._o to_o aid_v the_o roman_a papacy_n against_o all_o person_n 5._o to_o assist_v the_o roman_a legate_n 6._o to_o come_v to_o synod_n upon_o summons_n 7._o to_o visit_v rome_n once_o every_o three_o year_n 8._o not_o to_o sell_v any_o part_n of_o their_o bishopric_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a bishop_n that_o former_o do_v but_o regard_n rome_n now_o give_v their_o estate_n body_n and_o soul_n unto_o her_o service_n that_o which_o remain_v the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v keep_v and_o well_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o worse_o 1167._o m._n paris_n an._n 1167._o consider_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vow_v perpetual_a enmity_n against_o the_o pope_n but_o he_o wise_o perceive_v that_o the_o king_n spirit_n will_v up_o again_o have_v thus_o get_v the_o main_a battle_n dare_v not_o adventure_v upon_o the_o king_n rear_n lest_o he_o may_v turn_v head_n and_o so_o he_o let_v the_o king_n come_v off_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o appeal_n 11._o baronus_fw-la anal._n 1164._o sec._n 11._o and_o a_o order_n to_o annul_v the_o custom_n that_o by_o he_o be_v bring_v in_o against_o the_o church_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v none_o this_o be_v too_o much_o for_o so_o brave_a a_o king_n as_o henry_n the_o second_o to_o loose_v to_o the_o scarecrow_n power_n of_o rome_n yet_o it_o befall_v he_o as_o many_o great_a spirit_n that_o favour_n prevail_v more_o with_o they_o then_o fear_v or_o power_n for_o be_v towards_o his_o last_o time_n wear_v with_o grief_n at_o his_o unnatural_a son_n a_o shadow_n of_o the_o kindness_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n unto_o he_o win_v that_o which_o the_o clergy_n can_v never_o former_o wrest_v from_o he_o in_o these_o particular_n grant_v by_o he_o 1176._o m._n paris_n an._n 1176._o that_o no_o clerk_n shall_v answer_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n but_o only_o for_o the_o forest_n and_o their_o lay_n fee._n this_o savour_v more_o of_o courtesy_n than_o justice_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v not_o that_o the_o same_o do_v thrive_v nor_o do_v continue_v long_o in_o force_n as_o a_o law_n although_o the_o claim_n thereof_o last_v vacance_n shall_v not_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n above_o one_o year_n unless_o upon_o case_n of_o necessity_n this_o seem_v to_o pass_v somewhat_o from_o the_o crown_n but_o lose_v it_o nothing_o for_o if_o the_o clergy_n accept_v of_o this_o grant_n they_o thereby_o allow_v the_o crown_n a_o right_a to_o make_v it_o and_o a_o liberty_n to_o determine_v its_o own_o right_a or_o continue_v the_o same_o by_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o the_o necessity_n killer_n of_o clerk_n convict_v shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o bishop_n presence_n by_o the_o king_n justice_n in_o the_o licentious_a time_n of_o king_n steven_n wherein_o the_o clergy_n play_v rex_n they_o grow_v so_o unruly_a that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o 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that_o if_o the_o party_n appeal_v be_v acquit_v the_o appealor_n shall_v not_o only_o render_v damage_n but_o be_v imprison_v for_o a_o year_n the_o county_n court_n shall_v be_v hold_v at_o the_o wont_a time_n 36._o cap._n 36._o the_o tear_v shall_v be_v hold_v at_o the_o accustom_a place_n twice_o in_o the_o year_n viz._n after_o easter_n and_o michaelmas_n the_o view_n of_o frank_n pledge_n shall_v be_v hold_v at_o michalmas_n the_o sheriff_n shall_v not_o extort_v the_o sheriff_n court_n have_v now_o lose_v somewhat_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n though_o for_o time_n and_o place_n they_o be_v confirm_v statu_fw-la quo_fw-la to_o the_o end_n that_o through_o uncertainty_n thereof_o the_o suitor_n may_v not_o make_v default_n and_o be_v amerce_v yet_o they_o lose_v much_o of_o their_o respect_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o these_o few_o year_n by_o two_o law_n 10_o merton_n cap._n 10_o the_o one_o of_o which_o make_v at_o merton_n allow_v all_o suitor_n to_o the_o rural_a court_n to_o appear_v by_o proxy_n or_o attorney_n which_o it_o seem_v have_v power_n to_o vote_n for_o the_o master_n in_o all_o case_n public_a and_o private_a and_o do_v not_o only_a themselves_o grow_v into_o party_n and_o maintenance_n of_o quarrel_n and_o so_o spoil_v these_o court_n of_o their_o common_a justice_n but_o render_v the_o freeman_n ignorant_a and_o careless_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o country_n and_o give_v over_o to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n and_o though_o the_o corruption_n of_o justice_n be_v soon_o feel_v 33._o west_n 1._o c._n 33._o and_o against_o it_o a_o law_n be_v provide_v viz._n that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v not_o allow_v of_o such_o corrupt_a attorney_n yet_o this_o be_v no_o cure_n to_o the_o free_a man_n who_o be_v still_o suffer_v to_o wax_v wanton_a at_o home_n albeit_o that_o they_o be_v discharge_v from_o do_v their_o suit_n in_o all_o other_o hundred_o but_o that_o wherein_o they_o dwell_v 10._o marlbr_n cap._n 10._o the_o second_o law_n that_o take_v away_o much_o honour_n from_o these_o court_n be_v that_o law_n at_o marlbridge_n ibid._n ibid._n that_o discharge_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n and_o the_o clergy_n from_o their_o attendance_n at_o such_o service_n and_o this_o also_o open_v the_o door_n wide_a to_o oppression_n for_o where_o greatness_n be_v it_o carry_v therewith_o honour_n from_o the_o mean_a sort_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o awe_n and_o stop_v unto_o the_o mind_n of_o such_o man_n that_o otherwise_o will_v riot_n without_o restraint_n and_o though_o it_o may_v also_o be_v say_v that_o the_o pretence_n of_o great_a man_n in_o such_o court_n will_v oversway_v the_o mean_a and_o make_v strong_a party_n yet_o it_o must_v also_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o these_o party_n be_v great_a be_v the_o few_o and_o do_v not_o so_o general_o corrupt_v all_o sort_n as_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n do_v it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o wise_a man_n where_o the_o poor_a oppress_v the_o poor_a its_o like_a a_o rage_a rain_n that_o leave_v no_o food_n the_o last_o branch_n in_o this_o law_n be_v a_o inhibition_n to_o the_o sheriff_n from_o extortion_n and_o sure_o there_o be_v great_a need_n and_o much_o more_o need_n than_o ever_o now_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o clergy_n be_v absent_a it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o great_a occasion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n oppression_n be_v from_o above_o i_o mean_v from_o the_o king_n that_o raise_v the_o vallews_n of_o the_o farm_n of_o county_n grant_v to_o the_o sheriff_n 2_o artic._n super_fw-la cart_n cap._n 13_o 14._o stat._n the_o vice_n come_v an._n 9_o e._n 2_o for_o in_o those_o day_n sheriff_n give_v no_o account_n as_o of_o late_a time_n they_o have_v do_v and_o therefore_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n between_o the_o 17_o and_o 18_o chapter_n insert_v this_o clause_n omnes_fw-la commitat_fw-la &_o hundred_o wapentag_n &_o trethingi_n sint_fw-la ad_fw-la antiquas_fw-la firmas_fw-la absque_fw-la ullo_fw-la incremento_fw-la exceptis_fw-la dominicis_fw-la maneriis_fw-la nostris_fw-la but_o this_o do_v not_o work_v the_o work_n although_o it_o take_v away_o occasion_n for_o the_o humour_n be_v feed_v from_o within_o and_o turn_v to_o a_o sore_a upon_o that_o place_n that_o can_v never_o be_v cure_v to_o this_o day_n nor_o can_v the_o wisdom_n of_o time_n find_v other_o help_n to_o keep_v the_o same_o from_o grow_v mortal_a but_o by_o scant_v the_o diet_n and_o take_v away_o that_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o former_o it_o enjoy_v 37._o cap._n 37._o the_o 37_o chapter_n have_v be_v already_o note_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o clergy_n next_o forego_v 38._o cap._n 38._o escuage_z shall_v be_v tax_v as_o be_v wont_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n have_v superad_v hereunto_o this_o ensue_a provision_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o escuage_z set_v in_o the_o kingdom_n except_o for_o the_o redeem_n of_o the_o king_n person_n make_v of_o his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o one_o marriage_n of_o his_o elder_a daughter_n and_o for_o this_o there_o shall_v be_v only_o reasonable_a aid_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n shall_v the_o aid_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v set_v and_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z we_o will_v summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n special_o by_o our_o several_a writ_n and_o will_v cause_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o general_a by_o our_o sheriff_n and_o bailiff_n all_o other_o our_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v at_o a_o certain_a day_n after_o forty_o day_n at_o the_o least_o and_o at_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o we_o will_v set_v down_o the_o cause_n in_o all_o our_o writ_n and_o the_o matter_n at_o the_o day_n appoint_v shall_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o council_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v present_a although_o all_o that_o be_v summon_v do_v not_o come_v and_o we_o will_v not_o allow_v any_o man_n to_o take_v aid_n of_o his_o free_a man_n unless_o for_o redemption_n of_o his_o body_n and_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o one_o marriage_n for_o his_o elder_a daughter_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v a_o reasonable_a aid_n only_o thus_o far_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n concern_v this_o point_n of_o tax_n or_o assessment_n and_o if_o the_o history_n say_v true_a the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o king_n john_n then_o either_o this_o be_v not_o leave_v out_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o charter_n in_o that_o historian_n time_n paris_n m._n paris_n or_o if_o it_o be_v omit_v in_o the_o original_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v include_v in_o the_o general_a word_n of_o the_o law_n as_o be_v accustom_v in_o time_n past_a and_o then_o these_o particular_n will_v be_v emergent_a first_o that_o the_o aid_n and_o escuage_z in_o henry_n the_o fir_v time_n be_v assess_v by_o the_o same_o way_n with_o that_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n for_o that_o all_o the_o quarrel_n between_o the_o lord_n and_o king_n john_n be_v concern_v the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o which_o the_o lord_n swear_v to_o maintain_v second_o 36._o m_o paris_n an._n 1214_o 1215_o 25_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 6._o 34_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 1._o west_n 1._o cap._n 36._o that_o neither_o aid_n nor_o escuage_n be_v grant_v or_o legal_o take_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n although_o the_o rate_n of_o they_o be_v settle_v by_o common_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o fee._n three_o that_o some_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n as_o concern_v such_o matter_n consist_v only_o of_o such_o man_n as_o be_v concern_v by_o way_n of_o such_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenancy_n for_o escuage_n only_o concern_v the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o those_o only_o be_v summon_v unto_o such_o parliament_n as_o only_o concern_v escuage_z nor_o have_v the_o city_n of_o london_n nor_o the_o burgess_n right_a to_o vote_n in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v say_v p._n 258._o and_o thus_o the_o forest_n law_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ri._n 1._o be_v make_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o archbishop_n 445._o hoveden_n 445._o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o what_o the_o great_a man_n gain_v they_o gain_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o in_o those_o time_n although_o public_a damage_n concern_v all_o yet_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o king_n to_o make_v a_o show_n of_o summon_v parliament_n when_o as_o proper_o they_o be_v but_o parliamentary_a meeting_n of_o some_o such_o lord_n clergy_n and_o other_o as_o the_o king_n see_v most_o convenient_a to_o drive_v on_o his_o own_o design_n and_o therefore_o
saxon_n p._n 68_o norman_n p._n 133_o hundred_o setena_n saxon_n p._n 68_o i_o idolatry_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 97_o norman_n p._n 138_o vide_fw-la blasphemy_n imprisonment_n saxon_n p._n 100_o norman_n p._n 151_o incest_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 101_o indictment_n saxon_a law_n p._n 85_o infancy_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 88_o after_o p._n 198_o infangtheoff_n saxon_n p._n 74_o inheritance_n saxon_n p._n 102_o norman_n p._n 160_o after_o p._n 196_o etc._n etc._n inquest_n saxon_n p._n 91_o interdict_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n p._n 38_o after_o p._n 182_o intent_n punish_v by_o the_o norman_n p._n 151_o intestate_a saxon_a law_n p._n 109_o norman_n p._n 143_o afterward_o 232_o etc._n etc._n 264_o etc._n etc._n john_n p._n 170_o judgement_n vide_fw-la execution_n judge_n vide_fw-la justice_n judicatory_a 189_o etc._n etc._n jury_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 91_o justice_n and_o their_o court_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 84_o chief_a justice_n p._n 191_o judge_n or_o justice_n itinerant_a after_o the_o norman_n p._n 192_o 199_o 284_o k_o king_n among_o the_o saxon_n election_n continuance_n covenant_n maintenance_n power_n in_o church-matter_n p._n 46_o etc._n etc._n 56_o among_o the_o norman_n election_n 113_o etc._n etc._n covenant_n 116._o etc._n etc._n power_n in_o church_n matter_n p._n p._n 123_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o steven_n henry_n the_o second_o richard_z the_o first_o and_z john_n election_n p._n 165_o power_n in_o church_n matter_n p._n 176_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o edward_z the_o first_o and_z edward_z the_o second_o succession_n p._n 208_o etc._n etc._n power_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n p._n 225_o etc._n etc._n 233_o in_o civil_a affair_n 277_o etc._n etc._n 317_o etc._n etc._n knightservice_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 76_o marriage_n p._n 146_o 202_o 255_o acquittal_n p._n 149_o widow_n p._n 256_o l_o language_n endeavour_v to_o be_v change_v by_o the_o norman_n p._n 161_o lashlight_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 99_o lecturer_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 28_o leet_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 78_o legierwit_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 100_o livery_n and_o seisin_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 108_o london_n p._n 257_o lordsday_n maintain_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 98_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n p._n 139_o lord_n their_o counsel_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 62_o 84_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n till_o henry_n the_o three_o p._n 174_o lorica_fw-la what_o it_o be_v p._n 309_o lucius_n p._n 9_o etc._n etc._n luminary_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 31_o lunacy_n vide_fw-la fool_n m_o magna_fw-la carta_fw-la p._n 172_o renew_a with_o the_o curse_n p._n 210_o stat._n etc._n etc._n p._n 253_o cap._n 35._o p._n 244_o cap._n 37._o p._n 245_o mainpernour_n by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 85_o 87_o by_o the_o norman_n p._n 151_o maim_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 100_o manbota_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 99_o manor_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 75_o norman_n p._n 134_o manslaughter_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 99_o norman_n p._n 140_o after_o p._n 195_o manumission_n p._n 137_o marriage_n portion_n vide_fw-la dower_n marriage_n vide_fw-la knightservice_n merchant_n magna_fw-la carta_fw-la p._n 272_o march_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 72_o norman_n p._n 131_o market_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 80_o norman_n p._n 143_o vide_fw-la township_n marshal_n court_n p._n 285_o matrimonial_a cause_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 41_o medietas_fw-la linguae_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 92_o metropolitan_a among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 23_o micklemote_a among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 57_o the_o primacy_n of_o canterbury_n settle_v there_o p._n 36_o mill_n tithe_v p._n 240_o militia_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 63_o the_o norman_n p._n 152_o during_o the_o king_n next_o ensue_v p._n 205_o during_o henry_n 3_o edward_n 1_o edward_n 2_o p._n 294_o mint_n among_o the_o saxon_n norman_n p._n 137_o monastery_n admission_n p._n 183_o mortdancester_n p._n 198_o 261_o mortmain_n p._n 245_o mortuary_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 32_o n_n news_n scandalous_a p._n 292_o nightwatche_n by_o the_o norman_n p._n 141_o after_o p._n 304_o nobility_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 53_o from_o the_o norman_n time_n p._n 172_o from_o king_n john_n time_n p._n 221_o norman_n their_o title_n etc._n etc._n p._n 113_o etc._n etc._n not_o conquest_n p._n 155_o novel_a disseisin_n p._n 199_o 261_o o_o oblation_n cognisance_n p._n 235_o odio_fw-la &_o atia_n p._n 269_o etc._n etc._n officer_n power_n great_a than_o king_n p._n 173_o ordeale_o among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 89_o ordinary_n intestate_a p._n 232_o outfangtheoff_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 74_o ostiaries_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 28_o oath_n p._n 246_o 271_o p_o palatine_n county_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 73_o parish_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 35_o parliament_n p._n 120_o 278_o park_n trespass_n p._n 292_o passage_n p._n 272_o peace_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 100_o the_o norman_n p._n 140_o after_o p._n 300_o penal_a law_n saxon_n p._n 96_o norman_n p._n 138_o after_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 2._o p._n 193_o after_o p._n 286_o perjury_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 40_o 101_o peer_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 93_o peterpence_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 32_o the_o norman_n p._n 139_o pledge_n p._n 150_o plough_v alm_n saxon_n p._n 32_o pope_n power_n p._n 19_o 177_o 184_o oppression_n of_o the_o clergy_n p._n 225_o prelacy_n in_o england_n not_o till_o constantine_n time_n 11._o come_v from_o rome_n by_o austin_n p._n 21_o etc._n etc._n sudden_o grow_v p._n 44_o praecipe_fw-la mag._n carta_fw-la p._n 268_o prior_n vide_fw-la abbat_n presbyter_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 27_o presentment_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 86_o priority_n vide_fw-la tenure_n prohibition_n p._n 228_o 233_o protector_n p._n 209_o province_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 35_o purveyance_n p._n 244_o 265_o etc._n etc._n q_o quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la fregit_fw-la saxon_n p._n 101_o quare_fw-la excommunicavit_fw-la p._n 227_o quare_fw-la non_fw-la admisit_fw-la ibid._n quarentine_n p._n 256_o 282_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la p._n 244_o r_o ransome_n p._n 94_o 260_o rape_n norman_n p._n 141_o after_o p._n 195_o etc._n etc._n 288_o reasonable_a part_n 257_o 264_o vide_fw-la dower_n redemption_n vide_fw-la ransome_n redesseisin_n p._n 292_o relief_n norman_n p._n 145_o after_o p._n 201_o religious_a house_n vide_fw-la abbey_n replevy_n norman_a p_o 142_o 259_o richard_n the_o first_o p._n 169_o roman_n entry_n p._n 5_o the_o papalty_n with_o seven_o degree_n of_o their_o church_n officer_n p._n 29_o seven_o sort_n of_o church_n maintenance_n p._n 35_o romescot_n romesfeogh_n vide_fw-la heardpenny_n robbery_n punish_v by_o saxon_n p._n 101_o by_o norman_n p._n 142_o after_o p._n 193_o 195_o 287_o 304_o s_o sabbath_n day_n saxon_a law_n p._n 98_o sacrilege_n saxon_a law_n p._n 41_o sanctuary_n p._n 139_o 183_o 242_o saxon_n in_o england_n mingle_v p._n 90_o seal_n vide_fw-la deed_n p._n 107_o sheriff_n saxon_n p._n 65_o extortion_n p._n 275_o 286_o simony_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 41_o sorcery_n vide_fw-la witchery_n soulshot_n saxon_n p_o 32_o socage_n saxon_n p._n 77_o steven_n his_o government_n p._n 165_o stat._n magna_fw-la carta_fw-la vide_fw-la magna_fw-la carta_fw-la merton_n cap._n 1_o 2_o 6_o 7_o p._n 156_o cap._n 1._o p._n 282_o cap._n 3._o p._n 292_o cap._n 9_o p._n 252_o cap._n 10._o p._n 275_o cap._n 11._o p._n 295_o marlbridge_n cap._n 1_o 2_o 3._o p._n 259_o cap._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 5._o p._n 280_o cap._n 8._o p._n 292_o cap._n 9_o p._n 264_o cap._n 10._o p._n 229_o 275_o cap._n 15._o p._n 259_o cap._n 16._o p._n 254_o cap._n 17._o p._n 282_o cap._n 19_o p._n 262_o cap._n 20._o p._n 261_o cap._n 21._o p._n 259_o cap._n 22._o p._n 260_o cap._n 25._o p._n 287_o 302_o cap._n 29._o p._n 229_o westm_n 1._o cap._n 1_o 2_o 5._o p._n 231_o etc._n etc._n cap._n 3._o p._n 289_o 302_o cap._n 4._o p._n 281_o cap._n 6._o p._n 263_o cap._n 9_o p._n 289_o cap._n 10._o p._n 286_o cap._n 11._o p._n 270_o cap._n 12._o p._n 289_o cap._n 13._o p_o 288_o cap._n 14._o p._n 275_o cap._n 15._o p._n 290_o cap._n 16._o p._n 260_o cap._n 20._o p._n 292_o cap._n 22._o p._n 256_o cap._n 23._o p._n 286_o cap._n 32._o p._n 266_o cap._n 33._o p._n 275_o cap._n 34._o p._n 292_o cap._n 36._o p._n 285_o cap._n 51_o p._n 261_o bigami_fw-la p._n 247_o etc._n etc._n glocest_n cap._n 1._o p._n 262_o cap._n 5._o p._n 255_o cap._n 6._o p._n 261_o cap._n 8._o p._n 285_o 302_o cap._n 9_o p._n 270_o de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la p._n 245_o westm_n 2._o cap._n 13._o p._n 275_o cap._n 16._o p._n 256_o cap._n 19_o p._n 232_o cap._n 24._o p._n 285_o cap._n 26._o p._n 292_o cap._n 29._o p._n 270_o 285_o cap._n 30._o p._n 262_o cap._n 33._o p._n 245_o cap._n 34._o p._n 288_o winton_n p._n 302_o etc._n etc._n circumspect_a agatis_fw-la p._n 233_o etc._n etc._n quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la p._n 274_o de_fw-fr judaismo_fw-la p._n 273_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la p._n 244_o de_fw-fr vasto_fw-la p._n 255_o de_fw-fr consultatione_n habenda_fw-la p._n 238_o de_fw-fr wardis_fw-la p._n 254_o artic._n super_fw-la cart._n cap._n 2._o p._n 266_o cap_n 3._o p._n 285_o cap._n 9_o p._n 286_o cap._n 12._o p._n 260_o cap._n 13_o 14._o p._n 276_o cap._n 15._o p._n 285_o cap._n 18._o p._n 255_o conjunct_a feoffat_n p._n 262_o amortizand_n terris_fw-la p._n 246_o asportat_fw-la bonis_fw-la relig._n p._n 244_o de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la p._n 294_o artic._n cleri_fw-la p._n 219_o 238_o vicecomit_n p._n 219_o 276_o 286_o de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la bonis_fw-la cleri_fw-la p._n 219_o 244_o prerog_n reg_fw-la p._n 220_o cap._n 3_o 13._o p._n 254_o cap._n 7._o p._n 274_o cap._n 9_o p._n 280_o cap._n 11._o p._n 281_o cap._n 14_o 16._o p._n 268_o subdeacons_n p._n 28_o suit_n of_o court_n p._n 202_o vide_fw-la manor_n synod_n briton_n p._n 11_o saxon_n p._n 37_o disadvantageous_a to_o prelacy_n p._n 45_o norman_n p._n 127_o without_o the_o laity_n p._n 187_o power_n p._n 248_o etc._n etc._n t_o tail_n saxon_a law_n p._n 105_o tax_n p._n 278_o vide_fw-la free_n man_n tenor_n vide_fw-la manor_n norman_n change_v they_o not_o p._n 161_o tenor_n by_o several_a lord_n priority_n p._n 200_o by_o escheat_n p_o 273_o term_n saxon_n p._n 110_o testament_n saxon_n p._n 108_o after_o p._n 202_o etc._n etc._n theft_n cognisance_n p._n 193_o 195_o tithe_n original_a p._n 30_o cognisance_n p._n 43_o norman_n p._n 139_o 778_o 238_o 240_o tear_v saxon_n p._n 67_o 275_o torture_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 88_o township_n and_o their_o court_n saxon_n p._n 81_o norman_n p._n 134_o treason_n punish_v by_o saxon_n p._n 98_o after_o p._n 194_o trover_n of_o good_n p._n 143_o trotheplight_n p._n 179_o five_o vacancy_n of_o church_n p._n 179_o etc._n etc._n 185_o vacation_n vide_fw-la term_n view_v of_o piedge_n saxon_n p._n 78_o norman_n p._n 134_o after_o p._n 263_o 275_o villain_n saxon_n p._n 56_o norman_n p._n 137_o violence_n do_v to_o clerk_n p._n 235_o use_v in_o deed_n of_o conveyance_n saxon_n p._n 107_o usury_n p._n 273_o w_n wardship_n p._n 148_o 202_o 254_o 270_o warranty_n saxon_n p._n 107_o wear_v p._n 268_o wera_n wergilda_fw-la saxon_n p._n 99_o weight_n and_o measure_n saxon_n p._n 28_o norman_n p._n 142_o 269_o widow_n vide_fw-la socage_n and_o knightservice_n william_n the_o first_o p._n 113_o etc._n etc._n william_n rufus_n p._n 118_o wife_n saxon_n p._n 98_o will_n vide_fw-la testament_n witness_n deed_n saxon_n p._n 108_o witchery_n p._n 40_o punish_v by_o saxon_n p._n 97_o wita_n saxon_n p._n 99_o worship_n saxon_n cognisance_n p._n 39_o wreck_n p._n 281_o finis_fw-la