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justice_n	chief_a	lord_n	plea_n	5,523	5	9.8646	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A45252	The arguments of Sir Richard Hutton, Knight, one of the judges of the Common Pleas, and Sir George Croke, Knight, one of the judges of the Kings Bench together with the certificate of Sir John Denham, Knight, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, vpon a scire facias brought by the Kings Majesty in the Court of Exchequer against John Hampden, Esquire : as also, the severall votes of the Commons and Peeres in Parliament, and the orders of the Lords for the vacating of the judgement given against the said Mr. Hampden, and the vacating of the severall rolls in each severall court, wherein the judges extrajudiciall opinions in the cases made touching ship-money are entred.	England and Wales. Court of Exchequer.; Hutton, Richard, Sir, 1561?-1639.; Croke, George, Sir, 1560-1642.; Denham, John, Sir, 1559-1639.; Hampden, John, 1594-1643, defendant.; England and Wales. Parliament.; England and Wales. Sovereign (1625-1649 : Charles I)	1641 (1641)	Wing H3842; ESTC R16237	74,278	200

assessis onerand Ideo consideratum est per eosdem Barones quod praedictus Iohannes Hampden de eisdem viginti solidis oneretur inde satisfaciat In the matter and substance thereof and in that it was conceived that Mr Hampden was any way chargeable is against the Laws of the Realme the right of Property the liberty of the Subjects and contrary to former Resolutions in Parliament and to the Petition of Right These Votes were afterwards transmitted by the House of Commons to the Lords and delivered by Mr St Iohn now his Majesties Solicitor generall at a conference of both Houses of Parliament held 16. Car. 1640. Die Mercur. 20. die Ian. 1640. It was resolved by the Lords upon the question Nemine contradicente THat the Ship-writs the extrajudiciall opinions of the Judges therein both first and last and the Judgement given in Mr Hampdens Case and the proceedings thereupon in the Exchequer Chamber are all illegall and contrary to the Lawes and Statutes of this Realme contrary to the Rights and Proprieties of the Subjects of this Realme contrary to former Judgements in Parliaments and contrary to the Petition of Right Likewise resolved upon the Question Nemine contradicente THat the extrajudiciall opinions inrolled in the Exchequer Chamber and in other Courts concerning Ship-money and all the proceedings thereupon are illegall in part and in whole and contrary to the Laws and Statutes of this Realm contrary to the rights and proprieties of the Subjects of this Realm and contrary to former Judgements in Parliaments and contrary to the Petition of Right Die Veneris 26. die Februarii 1640. VPon the report of the Right Honourable the Lords Committees appointed to consider of the way of vacating of the Judgement in the Exchequer concerning Ship-money It was ordered by the Lords Spirituall and Temporall in the high Court of Parliament assembled That the Lord Keeper or the Master of the Rolls the two Lo Chiefe Justices and the Lo Chiefe Baron and likewise the Chiefe Clerke of the Star-chamber shall bring into the Upper House of Parliament the Record in the Exchequer of the Judgement in Mr Hampdens Case concerning Ship-mony and also the severall Rols in each several Court of K. Bench Common Pleas Exchequer Star-chamber and Chancery wherein the Judges extrajudiciall opinions in the Cases made touching Ship-money be entred and that a Vacat shall be made in the Upper House of Parliament of the said severall Records And likewise the Judgement of Parliament touching the illegality of the said Judgements in the Exchequer and the proceedings thereupon and touching the illegality of the extrajudiciall opinions of the Judges in the said severall Courts concerning Ship-money be annexed and apostiled unto the same And that a Copie of the judgement of the Parliament concerning the illegality of the said Judgement in the Exchequer and the said extrajudiciall opinions of the said Judges concerning Ship-money be delivered to the severall Judges of Assize And that they be required to publish the same at the Assizes in each severall County within their Circuits and to take care that the same be entred and inrolled by the severall Clerks of Assizes And if any entry be made by any Custos Rotulorum or Clerke of Assize of the said Judgement in the Exchequer or of the said extrajudiciall opinions of the Judges that severall Vacats be made thereof per judicium in Parliamento And that an Act of Parliament be prepared against the said Judgement and extrajudiciall opinions and against the proceedings touching Ship-money Memorandum quod vicesimo septimo die Febr. 1640. Annoque regni Regis Dn̄i nostri Caroli Angliae decimo sexto VAcatur istud Recordum et Iudicium inde habitum per considerationē et judicium Dn̄orum Spiritual et Temporal in Curia Parliam et irrotulamentum ejusdem cancelatur Memorand quod vicesimo septimo die Feb. prae● IStud Irrot. et omnia et singula in eodē contenta et expressa vacantur per judicium Dn̄orum Spiritualium et Temporal in Curia Parliam ANd that all the Rolls be rased crosse with a pen and subscribed with the Clerke of the Parliaments hand All which was accordingly done in open Court After this it was resolved upon the Question Nemine contradicente THat the resolutions of the Judges touching the Shipping-money and the Judgment given against Mr Hampden in the Exchequer and all the proceedings thereupon are against the Great Charter and therefore void in Law Resolved upon the Question Nemine contradicente THat Vacats and Cancellations shall be made of the Resolutions of the Judges touching the Shipping-money And of the inrolments thereof in the severall Court● and of the Warrants for Ship-writs and proceedings therein And the Judgement given against Mr Hampden and proceedings thereupon And that entries be made of those Vacats upon the severall Rolls according to the forme read in the House Eodem die ORdered that these resolutions be added to the former Judgements of this House concerning Shipping-money which the Judges are to publish at the Assizes in their severall Counties and to be entred and inrolled in the severall Counties by the Clerk of the Assizes FINIS In Iudge CROOKES Argument correct PAge 3. l. 13. reade valentioribus l. 15. r. pulvere p. 19. l. 13. r. injusto p. 21. l. 17. r. piccage p. 23. l. 16. r. Commissions p. 28. l. 7. r. proveth p. 29. l. 2. r. proveth p. 30. l. 2. r. Dane-guilt p. 35. l. 6. r. 394. a. p. 57. l. 3. r. Carlile ibid. for 35. r. 30. p. 70. l. penult r. seek for such men l. ult. dele for such men p. 74. l. 7. dele and p. 76. l. 14. continue the line p. 101. in marg. for 2. put 3. p. 106. l. 15. r. so for that cause In Iudge HUTTONS Argument Page 14. l. 10 11. reade and can admit no other p. 16. l. 17. r. to be observed p. 17. l. 19. r. humbly pray your Majesty p. 19. l. 10. r. toll Traverse p. 24. l. 20. r. Gasconie l. ult. other Statutes p 35. l. 21. dele to Petitions p. 36. l. 1. dele for l. 16. r. the record in Court p. 37. l. 6. r. The Parliament roll recites l. ult. r. fourth point p. 44. l. 20. r. these illegall p. 46. l. 9. r. per Gent●m p. 47. l. 2. r. of Argiers l. 12. r. with all the other particulars 48. l. 23. r. to lead the uses of those preceding p. 49. l. 24. r. fol. 68. p. 50. l. 22. r. it is very p. 55. l. 9. dele not p. 57. l. 17. r. Burton 28. Aprilis Anno. 14. Car. Regis Annoque Do. 1638. Buck. ss. This Writ is dated 9. Martii An. 12. Car. The Writ of Mittimus beares date the 5. of May● Anno 13. Car. Regis An. 9. H●n 3. Magna Charta cap. 29. See the l●st chapter of Magna Charta cap. 38. Statute of 25. Edw. 1. Stamford fol. 152. 25. E. 1. ca. 5. The

Stat. of 25. Edw. 1. cap. 6. 34. Edw. 1. cap. 1. 14. Edw. 3. cap. 1. 25. Edw. 3. cap. 8. Confirmed by an act of Parliament in 4. Hen. 4. 1. Rich. 3. cap. 2. Anno 3. Car. 13. H. 4. fo. 14.15.16 37. H. 1. Broke Paten●s Pla. 100. 14. H. 4. fo. 9. 37. H. 6. fo. 27. 8. H. 6. fo. 19. concurring Fortescue in his booke de Laude legum Angliae fo. 25. cap. 9. He was made Lord chiefe Justice of the Kings bench Anno 19. Hen. 6. and made Chancellor of England as is said in the Booke The same author cap. 36. fo. 84. Object 1. Resp. 1. Object 2. Resp. 2. Object 3. Resp. 3. Object 4. Ploy fo. 332. The Case of Mynes fo. 322. 25. Edw. 3. cap. 1. 11. H. 4. fo. 7.8 The Statute of 7. H. cap. 3. 21. Iac. cap. 2. 21. Iac. cap. 14. 36. Edw. 3. cap. 10. Bracton fo. 1. The Stat. of Winchester 13. Edw 1. Libr. 2. Edw. 3. fol 7. Vide ●e Register fo. 27 ● The Statute Winch. 2. cap. 28. Dr. and Student fo. 12. The third part The first Precedent Spelman fo. 200. Resp. 1. 34. Ed. 1. cap. 8. The commission bearing date the 20. of November An. 27. Edw. 1. 2 Hen. 4. Num. 22. The fourth part 34. H. 6. fo. 14. 17. H. 8. Anno Dom. 1525. The attempt to have a Benevolence for Queene Elizabeth The fifth part 25. 26. Eliz. Cook l. 9. f. 1. in Dowmans Case Coke li 4. Vernons case Coke l. 5. f. 68. le Signior Chenyes case Excep 2. 8. H. 6.19.18 H. 3.9 Eliz. The Scire fac Reason 1. 2. 3. 4. The sixt part Mich. 4. Iac. Bates his case The Letter r●quiring answer was dated 2. F●b The answer 7. F●b Obj. upon the Def. generall Demurrer Resp. Lib. 4. fo. 43. in Hudsons Case Et fol. 71. Hindes Case The motives of the Writ which are five The charges in this Writ are three The commands of this Writ which are five The end for which this ship is to be prepared The clause of the ass●ssement for the expences The purclose of the Writ Object Sol. Object Sol. 25. Edw. 1. Ibid. cap. 6. Object S●l Bod. fol. 97. Edw. 1. 14. Ed. 3. ca. 1. Ob. Sol. 21. Edw. 3. p. 2. m. 11. 22. Ed. 3. m. 16. ●5 Ed. 3. m. 8. Ob. Sol. 13. H. 4. nu 10. 13. H. 4. nu 33. Object Sol. 1. Cok. lib 9. fo. 1 4. Ed. 3. ca. 14. 36. Ed. 3. c. 10. 4. Edw. 3. Id est Walmesley come Hutton Gla●vill a●xi Ob. Sol. Bract. lib. 3. fol. 1●● Plowd com fo. 246 247. Plowd com fol. 487. 21. Ed. 3. fo. 47. Cok. l. 11. f. 86. Doct. Stud. fol. 8. 31. H. 8. c. 8. 1. E. 6. Bract. l. 2. c. 24. fol. 55. Cok. l. 7. fol. 11 Cok. l. 7. fol. 5. 23. Ed. 1. m. 4. 10. Ed. 3. m. 16. 10. Ed. 3. m. 22. 12. Ed. 3. m. 10. 12. Ed. 3. m. 13. 26. Ed. 3. m. 5. 5. H. 4. m. 28. 4. Hen. 8. p. 2. Ob. Sol. 6. Joh. m. 11. 9. Joh. m. 3. 14. Joh. m. 2. 17. Joh. m. 7. 15. Joh. m. 4. 15. Joh. m. 6. 14. H. 3. m. 14. 14. H. 3. m. 5. 48. H. 3. m. 4. 48. H. 3. m. 2. 48. H. 3. m. 3. 48. H. 3. m. 7. 23. Ed. 1. m. 5. Ibid. 24. Ed. 1. m. 17. 24. Edw. 1. Rot. 62. 24. Ed. 1. m. 16. 24. Edw. 1. ●ot 78. Ibid. 24. Edw. 1. Rot. 81. 24. Edw. 1. int. Com. ☞ Nota. 24. Ed. 1. m. 9. 24. Ed. 1. m. 26. 25. E. 1. m. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. 21. Ed. 1. m. 20. 23. Edw. 1. Rot. 77. Pat. 9. Ed. 2. par● 2. Claus. 20. E. 2. m. 8. 20. Ed. 2. m. 10 20. Ed. 2. m. 7. 15. Ed. 2. m. 15 15. Ed. 2. m. 15. 16. Ed. 2. m. 13. 19. Ed. 2. m. 6. 2. Ed. 3. m. 92. Scot. 7. Ed. 3. m. 19. 10. Ed. 3. m. 25. Ibid. Scot. 10. E. 3. m. 2. Scot. 10. Ed. 3. m. 2. Scot. 10. Ed. 3. m. 16. Scot. 10. Ed. 3. m. 16. 10. Edw. 3. m. 12. Scot. 10. E. 3. m. 22. Ibid. Scot. 10. Ed. 3. m. 21. Alm. 12. Ed. 3. m. 12. Alm. 12. Ed. 3. m. 13. Claus. 12. Ed. 3 m. 16. 12. Ed. 3. m. 8. Alm. 12. Ed. 3. m. 10. Alm. 13. Ed. 3. m. 12. Claus. 13. Ed. 3 m. 35. Claus. 13. Ed. 3 m. 38. Claus. 13. Ed. 3 m. 14. Claus. 13. Ed. 3 m. 14. Scot. 20. Ed. 3. m. 14. Ibid. 20. Ed. 3. m. 15. Rot. Franc. 21. E. 3. m. 31. Franc. 25. E. 3. m. 20. ☞ Nota. Franc. 26. E. 3. m. 5. Franc. 46. E. 3. m. 34. Franc. 50. E. 3. m. 47. Scot. 29. Ed. 3. m. 13. Franc. 40. E. 3. m. 31. 1. R. 2. m. 7. Eod. Rot. m. 12 Eod. Rot. m. 42 Scot. 7. R. 2. m. 8. Franc. 11. R. 2. m. 13. Scot. 21. R. 2. m. 3. Rot. Vierg 1. H. 4. m. 11. Claus. 1. H. 4. m. 12. Note that although this great danger be mentioned yet no command to any county to prepare ships Pat. 5. H. 4. pars 2. m. 28. Pat. 3. H. 5. pars 2. m. 37. Pat. 13. H. 6. m. 10. Pat. 39. H. 6. m Pat. 39. H. 6. m. 12. Pat. 39. H. 6. m. 1. Pat. 10. Ed. 4. m. 12. Pat. 10. Ed. 4. m. 13. Pat. 49. H. 6. m. 22. Pat. 1 H. 7. pars 1. 1. H. 7. pars 3. 4. H. 8. pars 2. 11. Elis. 30. Edw. 1. Trin. 31. E. 1. 19. Ed. 2. Hil. 2. Ed. 3. Rot. 16. 19. H. 7. cap. 1. 11. H. 7. cap. 1. 2. 3. E. 6. c. 2. Object Sol. Memorād quod xxvii dic ●eb 1640. anno regni Dom. Regis Car. 16. istud irrotul omnia sing in eodē contenta express vacant per judic. Domi● spū●liū temporal in Cur. Parliamenti Per Ioh. Brown Cleric Parliam

the businesse as I desire And if my Opinion be required it is for the Plaintife JO DENHAM Serjeants-Inne in Fleetstreet 26. Maii 1638. His second Certificate directed to the Lo Chiefe Iustice Bramston 28. Maii 1638. My Lo VNderstanding that some misconstruction was taken by some in the declaration of mine opinion which I desired your Lordship the last Saturday to deliver in my name for farther satisfaction therein although I was most desirous to have passed my Vote in silence in this work of w●igh● by reason I heard not the last foure Arguments yet I delivered my opinion for the Plaintife which I took to be Hampden by reason it appeared by the Record that hee comming in upon Processe Queritur se colore praemissorum graviter vexari hoc minus juste c. which satisfied me that he was Plaintife And therefore I now declare my opinion for Mr Hampden who did demur I shall onely deliver these two Reasons for maintaining of my Argument THe first is That His Majesty is Sola suprema Iustitia regni And the rule of the Law is and hath alwayes been That his Majesty can doe no wrong And thereupon ariseth another Rule in our Law which I give for my second Reason That the Kings Majesty being of an incorporate capacity can neither take any lands or goods from any of his Subjects but by and upon a Judgement of Record which according to our daily experience in the Exchequer there must precede some Judgement in that or some other Court of Record whereby His Majesty may be entituled either to the Lands or goods of a Subject As namely where seisures of goods of a Subject is made for His Majesty either upon Outlawries Attainders or matters of the like nature as in Cases of Seisure in the Court of Exchequer where Seisures are given by the Statute yet without a Judgement in that Court upon a tryall for the King the goods are not to be recovered to the use of the King as forfeited Upon consideration whereof and comparing the same with His Majesties Royall Writ I find no Judgement thereupon had or given which were the chiefest reasons of my opinion for Mr Hampden 28. Maii 1638. FINIS The Argument of Sir George Crooke Knight one of the Judges of the Kings Bench upon the case of the Scire facias out of the Exchequer against Iohn Hampden Esquire decimo quarto Aprilis Anno Domini 1638. The Case is this upon the Record THe King by Writ under his great Seale dated 4to Augusti anno 110 of his reigne directed to the Sheriffe of the County of Bucks and to all the men of that County commandeth them in these words Quia datum est nobis intelligi Quòd Praedones quidam Pirati ac maris Grassatores tam nominis Christianae hostes Mahumetani quàm alii congregati Naves ac bona ac mercimonia non solùm Subditorum nostrorum verùm etiam Subditorum amicorum nostrorum in mari Quòd per gentem Anglicanam ob olim defendi consuevit nefariè diripientes spoliantes ad libitum suum deportavere hominesque in eisdem in captivitatem miserrimam mancipantes Cumque ipsos conspicimus navigium indies praeparantes ad Mercatores nostros ulterius molestand ' Et ad regnum gravand ' nisi citiùs remedium apponatur eorumque conatum viriliùs obvietur Consideratis etiam periculis quae undique his guerrinis temporibus imminent Ita quòd Nobis Subditis nostris defensionem maris regni omni festinatione quâ poterimus accellerare convenit Nos volentes defensione regni tuitione maris securitate Subditorum nostrorum salva conductione navium merchandizarum ad regnum nostrum Angliae venientium de eodem regno ad partes exteras transeuntium auxiliante Deo providere Maximè cum Nos Progenitores nostri Reges Angliae Domini maris praedicti semper hactenus extiter plurimum nos laeder ' si honor iste Regius nostris temporibus depereat aut in aliquo minuatur Cumque onus istud defensionis quod omnes tangit per omnes debeat supportari prout per legem consuetudinem regni Angliae fieri consuevit Vobis praefatis Vicecomitibus Ballivis Burgens Maioribus probis hominibus omnibus aliis quibuscunque supramencionat ' in Burgis Villis Villatis Hamlettis locis supradictis eorumque membris in fide ligeancia quibus nobis tenemini sicut nos honorem nostrum diligitis Necnon sub forisfactur ' omnia quae nobis forisfacere poteritis firmiter injungemus Mandamus quòd unam navem de guerra portagii 450. dolior ' cum hominibus tam magistris peritis quàm marinariis valentior expertis centum octoginta ad minus Ac tormentis tam majoribus quàm minoribus pul●●● tormentario ac hastis telis aliisque armatoriis necessariis pro guerra sufficien ' Et cum duplici Escippamento necnon victualibus usque ad primum diem Martii tunc proximè sequentem ad tot homines competen ' ab inde i● viginti sex septiman ' ad custagia vestra tam in victualibus quàm homin ' salariis aliis ad guerram necessariis per tempus 〈◊〉 super defensionem maris in obsequio nostro in Comit ' custodis maris cui custodiam maris ante praedict ' primum diem Martii committemus prout ipse ex parte nostra dictaverit moratur parari Et ad portum de Portsmouth citra dictum primum diem Martii duci faciatis Ita quòd sint ibidem eodem die ad ultimum ad proficiscend exinde cum navibus nostris navibus aliorum fidelium Subditorum nostrorum pro tuitione maris defensione vestrum vestrorum repulsioneque debellationeque quorumcunque Mercatorum nostrorum alios Subditos fideles praedictos in Dominia nostra ex causa Mercatur ' se divertentes vel abinde ad propr ' declinantes super mare gravare seu molestare satagent ' assignavimus autem te praefatum Vic' Bucks ad assidend ' omnes homines in villis de Agmundesham Wendov ' Marloe magna in omnib●s aliis Villis Villatis Burgis Hamlettis aliis ●ocis-in Com' Bucks terrae tenentes in eisdem navem vel partem navis praed ' non habentes● vel in eadem non deservientes ad contribuend ' expens erga provisionem praemiss necessar Et super praedictas Villas Villatas Burgos Hamlettas locos cum membris eorundem sic ut praefertur assidend ● ponend ' viz. Quemlibet eorum super statum suum facultates suas portiones super ipsos assessat ' per districtiones aliosve modos debitos levand' Collectores in hac parte nominand ' constituend ' Ac omnes eos

the Law is not conceived to beare any such Writ And Sir Edward Coke in his Commentary upon Littleton fol. 81. saith that where there is no example it is a great intendment that the law will not beare it So I conceive here there never having bin a President before of any such Writ to the Sheriffe and Inhabitants of a County to prepare a ship with men and munition upon any occasion whatsoever that it is against the Common law to award such Writs For that the common law of England setleth a freedome in the Subjects in respect of their persons and giveth them a true property in their goods and estates so that without their consent that is their actuall consent or implicite by a common ordinance which they consented unto by a common assent in Parliament it cannot bee taken from them nor their estate charged And for this purpose the law distinguisheth between bondmen whose estates are at their Lords will and disposition and freemen whose property none may invade charge nor take away but by their owne free consent But here in this Case is a charge laid upon the Subjects without their consent and therefore not warranted by law which is proved by these authorities Coke in his Reports lib. 8. fol. 92. in Francis Case setteth downe this Rule Quod no●trum est sine facto seu defectu nostro amitti seu in ali●num transferri non potest Master Lambert fol. 24. setting downe the lawes of England which were confirmed by William the Conqueror hath these words Inter alia volumus concedimus quod omnes liberi homines Monarchiae Regni sui praedict ' habeant teneant terras suas bene in pace liberas ab omni exactione injusta ab omni Tallagio not mentioning there injusta Ita quòd nihil ab eis exigatur praeter servitium justè debitum Hereby it appeares there is an absolute freedome from all Tallage 17. King Iohn in Matt. Paris fol. 246. The King doth grant and confirme unto his Barons and Commons inter alia these liberties following Nullum Scutagium vel auxilium ponamus in Regno nostro nisi per Commune Concilium Regni nostri nisi ad redimendum corpus nostrum filium nostrum primogenitum mill ' faciend ' vel ad primogenitam filiam nostram maritand ' By this it appeares what was then conceived to be amongst others their liberties and then confirmed which was that no aide should bee put upon them but by Parliament for the Parliament was then called Commune Concilium That the law is so appeareth by the Treatise written by Fortescue who had been chiefe Justice of England and then Chancellour of England in King Henry the sixth his time when he wrote the booke intituled De laudibus Legum Angliae For fol. 25. cap. 9. hee saith thus That the King of England cannot alter nor change the Lawes of England at his pleasure For principatu non Regali sed et politico ipse p●pulo suo dominatur If his power were Royall onely then hee might change the Lawes Tallagia quoque caetera onera eis imponere ipsis inconsultis but addes That the King of England sine Subditorum assensu Leges mutare non potest nec subjectum populum renitentem onerare impositionibus peregrinis And in his 13. chap. fol. 31. hee compares the King and Subjects of England to the head and body naturall Ut non p●test caput corporis Physici nervos suos commutare neque membris suis proprias vires propria sanguinis alimenta denegare sic nec Rex qui caput corporis politici est mutare potest Leges corporis illius nec ejusdem populi substantias proprias subtrahere reclamantibus eis aut invitis Thus hee in this place but in fol. 84. cap. 36. hee seemes to say In hoc individuo Rex Angliae nec per se nec ministros suos tallagia subsidia aut quaevis onera alia imponit Legiis suis aut Leges eorum mutat aut nova condit sine concessione vel assensu totius Regni sui in Parliamento suo expresso which words seeme so generall that in no case he may doe it So it appeareth by the Booke case 13. H. 4. fol. 14. that the grant of the King which tendeth to the charge and prejudice of his people in generall is not good unlesse by Parliament But it is agreed there that grants of Tolls of Faires of Pontage of Pikage Murage Ferrying or such like which are for the profit good and ease of them that will take benefit thereof and not compulsory to any to pay but to them that will take the benefit of such Faires c. and being very small and reasonable summes the Law doth give allowance unto them but if they were great summes that tend to the charge of the people the Law will judge them void This appears in Sir Edw. Cokes Reports lib. 5. fol. 63. in the Case of the Chamberlain of London That an ordinance made by the Cōmon Councell of London where they have a custome by the said Cōmon Councell to make reasonable ordinances to bind all within the City concerning Clothes to bee brought to Blackwell Hall there alwaies to be viewed measured searched before they were sold a penny appointed for the Officer that did that service That such a charge was reasonable for that it was for the publick benefit of the City and Common-wealth And a pecuniary penalty laid for not performance of that ordinance was allowed Ibid. fol. 64. in Clarkes Case is resolved That an ordinance made by the assent of the Plaintiffe himselfe and other Burgesses for the Towne of Saint Albons of a small taxe upon the inhabitants of the Town towards the erection of the Courts other necessaries for the Terme to bee kept there It was allowed to bee good and did bind the Plaintiffe being by the Plaintiffes own consent and for the publick good of the Town Also Coke lib. 11. fol. 86. in Darcies Case citeth this out of Fitzherberts natur brev. fol. 122. That every grant of the King hath this condition in it tacite or expresse Quòd patria per donationes illas magis solito non oneretur seu gravetur And as by grant the King cannot charge his people so neither can hee by Writ lay any charge upon his people but by their consent or where they have apparent benefit thereby And that is the reason of the Writ in the Register fol. 127. Fitzh. nat. brev. fol. 113. where by breach of the Sea walls any inundation is of the Country the King who is Pater patriae and taketh care for the good and safety of his people sendeth out his Commissioners to enquire by whose default any such breach happened and to cause all that had lands and commons neere adjoyning which may have benefit of inclosed marshes or losse by such inundation to be contributory to the

Prerogative to award such Writs to command men to sustaine such charge or to be contributory to it and to bee distrained or imprisoned for not payment thereof Also I conceive that this is not an Act of Royall power for if it bee illegall to impose such a charge then is it not accounted as a matter of Royall power but as a matter done upon an untrue suggestion and a matter of wrong done and wrong is not imputed to the King for hee can doe no wrong but it is imputed unto them who advised him to this course Royall power I account is to bee used in cases of necessity and imminent danger when ordinary courses will not availe for it is a Rule Non recurrendum est ad extraordinaria quando fieri potest per ordinaria as in cases of Rebellion sudden Invasion and in some other case where Martiall Law may bee used and may not stay for legall proceedings but in a time of peace and no extreme necessity legall courses must bee used and not Royall power Therefore where by the Statute of 31. H. 8. cap. 8. which was made upon suppression of Abbies when Rebellions were begun to bee stirred it is recited That sudden occasions happen which doe require speedy remedies and for lacke of a Statute the King was inforced to use Royall power It was enacted for the reasons therein mentioned That the King by the advice of his Councell therein named two Bishops two chiefe Justices and divers others and the more part of them by his Proclamation might make ordinances for punishment of offences and lay penalties● which should have the force of a Law with a Proviso that thereby no mans life lands or goods should bee touched or impeached so that therein Royall power was fortified by a Statute yet that Statute tooke care that no mans lands or goods should be taken or prejudiced but yet that Statute was thought inconvenient and therefore by a Statute of 1. E. 6. the same was repealed Bracton lib. 2. cap. 24. fol. 55. and the same is cited in Coke lib. 7. fol. 11. in Calvins Case Regis Corona est facere justitiam judicium tenere pacem sine quibu● Corona consistere non potest nec teneri Coke lib. 7. fol. 5. in Calvins Case cited out of Fortescue Rex ad tutelam Legis corporum bonorum erectus est which being so hee cannot take any mans goods or charge them without his assent by any Prerogative or power Royall Also there can be no such necessity or danger conceived that may cause these Writs to bee awarded to all Counties of England to prepare ships at such charge and with such men and munition without consent in Parliament For the Lawes have provided meanes for defence in time of danger without taking this course for that the King hath power to command all or any persons of his Kingdome to attend with Armes at the Sea coasts or any other parts of the Kingdome and also by his officers to make stay or arrest all or any the ships of Merchants and others having ships or as many as hee pleaseth to goe with his Navie to any parts of his Kingdome for defence thereof and to attend those to whom he appointed the guard of the Seas or Sea coasts at such times and places as they should appoint and this hath been alwaies taken and conceived to bee sufficient for defence against any Prince whatsoever and yet the same was in times when the Navie of England was not so strong as now by the blessing of God and good providence of his Majesty it is That this course was then so taken it appeareth by divers Records viz. 23. Ed. 1. m. 4. The Record reciteth that the French King had prepared a great Navie upon the Sea and purposed to invade the Kingdome Et linguam Anglicanam de terra delere and thereupon the King commanded all his ships and men with Armes to be in a readinesse to defend the Kingdome Scot. 10. Edw. 3. m. 16. reciteth that certaine Gallies in the parts beyond the Seas were prepared with provision of men and armes and other necessaries of warre and ready to invade the Land command was that divers ships should be in a readinesse to defend and the ships of the Ports of Ireland to bee sent to England to help to defend the Kingdome Scot. 10. Edw. 3. m. 22. A Writ was to the Bayliffe of Southwales reciting that the Scots and divers others confederating together prepare themselves to armes and ships in a great number and intend to invade the Kingdome command to them was to have one ship ready upon the Sea to defend their coasts Alman 12. Edw. 3. m. 10. A Writ to the Maior of London Quia hostes nostri in Galleis cum multitudine non modica congregati in diversis partibus regni hostiliter ingressi sunt civitatem praedict ' celeriter si possunt invadere proponunt the King commandeth them to shut up the City towards the water and to put all their men in Armes ready to defend c. Alman 12. Edw. 3. m. 13. A Writ to the Bailiffes of great Yarmouth Quia pro certo didicimus quòd hostes nostri Franciae adhaerentes eisdem Gallias Naves guerrin●s in copiosa multitudine in partibus exteris congregarunt eis hominibus ad arma alia arma parare faciunt proponunt se movere versus regnum nostrum navigium regni nostri portus prope mare scituat ' pro viribus destruere idem regnum invadere c. command to the said Towne to prepare foure ships with two hundred and forty men c. At the same time like Writs went out to twenty other Towns upon the Sea coasts Franc. 26. Edw. 3. m. 5. A Writ to the Earle of Hunt and others Quia adversarii nostri Franciae Nos Regnum nostrum invadere machinantes magnum navigium parari fecer ' armari nedum ad Regnum nostrum Angliae subitò attrahend ' ad nos domin ' nostr' totam nationem Anglicanam pro viribus subvertend ' c. commanding them to guard all the coasts of Kent and to array all able men with armes to bee ready to defend the Sea coasts 5. Henr. 4. m. 28. A Commission is to Thomas Morley and others Quòd cum inimici nostri Franciae Britan. Scotiae alii sibi adhaerentes inter se obligat magna potentia armat ' super mare in aestate proxim ' futur ' ordinaverunt intendunt Regnum nostrum Angliae invadere c. commanding them to array men with armes to defend c. 4 Henr. 8. pars 2. the King by Proclamation into the County of Kent sheweth that it is come to his knowledge of certaine that his ancient enemy the French King hath prepared and put in readinesse a great