Selected quad for the lemma: justice_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
justice_n	chief_a	king_n	parliament_n	3,211	5	6.4984	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91218	Minors no senators. Or A briefe discourse, proving, that infants under the age of 21. yeares, are uncapable, in point of law, of being members of Parliament, and that the elections of any such are meere nullities; yea, injurious, prejuditiall, dishonourable to the whole Parliament and Kingdome, in sundry respects. / Written by a common-lawyer (a true lover of his country, and honourer of the Parliament) to a friend and client of his, for his private satisfaction, and published for the common-good.	Prynne, William, 1600-1669.	1646 (1646)	Wing P4008; Thomason E506_33; ESTC R205590	20,692	18

because_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n distraction_n between_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n and_o more_o labour_v to_o make_v party_n in_o the_o house_n to_o serve_v end_n if_o possible_a then_o in_o any_o former_a age_n 3_o because_o a_o great_a reformation_n be_v now_o expect_v promise_a endeavour_v in_o church_n state_n parliament_n then_o in_o any_o precedent_n time_n 4_o because_o the_o act_n and_o member_n of_o this_o parliament_n more_o concern_v the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o just_a exception_n and_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v more_o narrow_o scan_v sift_v both_o for_o the_o present_a and_o future_a time_n than_o the_o member_n or_o proceed_n of_o any_o former_a parliament_n and_o the_o least_o just_a flaw_n against_o they_o may_v in_o after_o age_n prove_v dangerous_a if_o not_o fatal_a to_o revoke_v or_o shake_v what_o ever_o shall_v be_v conclude_v by_o they_o now_o if_o not_o timely_o prevent_v 5._o because_o this_o parliament_n be_v more_o last_a than_o any_o other_o and_o happy_o may_v prove_v diuturnal_a if_o not_o perpetual_a 6._o because_o both_o house_n have_v make_v a_o more_o exact_a purgation_n of_o unsit_v unworthy_a member_n in_o this_o then_o in_o any_o parliament_n in_o former_a age_n and_o therefore_o in_o justice_n ought_v to_o displace_v all_o unable_a or_o unsit_v member_n as_o well_o infant_n as_o any_o other_o to_o avoid_v the_o just_a censure_n of_o partiality_n 7._o because_o more_o exception_n cavil_n be_v and_o will_v be_v make_v against_o undue_a election_n member_n now_o by_o malignant_n royalist_n prelate_n then_o to_o any_o member_n election_n in_o former_a age_n therefore_o the_o house_n shall_v be_v more_o careful_a what_o member_n they_o now_o admit_v than_o they_o be_v in_o former_a time_n when_o there_o be_v no_o such_o unhappy_a division_n between_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n as_o now_o the_o 3d._o 3._o objection_n be_v this_o that_o the_o infant_n in_o the_o house_n be_v not_o many_o and_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o wise_a and_o more_o able_a member_n therefore_o the_o danger_n be_v not_o great_a i_o answer_v 1._o that_o if_o no_o infant_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v a_o member_n than_o none_o ought_v to_o be_v admit_v answer_n be_v they_o many_o or_o few_o 2_o though_o they_o be_v but_o few_o for_o the_o present_a yet_o there_o may_v be_v more_o hereafter_o elect_v there_o be_v new_a endeavour_n to_o bring_v in_o more_o 3_o one_o or_o two_o in_o judicious_a infant_n member_n vote_n in_o matter_n of_o momen●_n when_o the_o house_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a 4._o every_o parliament_n man_n ought_v to_o vote_n according_a to_o his_o own_o judgement_n not_o another_o only_o and_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a for_o any_o to_o vote_n with_o such_o and_o such_o person_n only_o in_o the_o house_n and_o to_o make_v their_o vote_n the_o sole_a ground_n of_o their_o concurrent_a ay_o or_o no_o be_v the_o high_a way_n to_o faction_n the_o four_o 4._o and_o principal_a objection_n be_v this_o that_o it_o will_v be_v both_o convenient_a and_o expedient_a that_o young_a gentleman_n under_o age_n of_o honourable_a family_n shall_v be_v member_n of_o parliament_n during_o their_o minority_n the_o better_a to_o enable_v they_o to_o serve_v their_o country_n therein_o when_o they_o come_v to_o r●per_n year_n it_o be_v the_o best_a school_n of_o experience_n to_o educate_v to_o improve_v young_a gentleman_n and_o sit_v they_o for_o public_a action_n upon_o which_o ground_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o peer_n be_v admit_v to_o sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n and_o hear_v their_o debate_n to_o enable_v they_o the_o better_a to_o serve_v the_o kingdom_n when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v peer_n and_o former_a parliament_n have_v connive_v at_o infant_n be_v elect_v member_n and_o at_o their_o sit_n in_o the_o commons_o house_n i_o answer_v answer_n 1._o that_o this_o argument_n be_v a_o mere_a fallacy_n if_o examine_v for_o though_o most_o member_n of_o parliament_n as_o well_o old_a as_o young_a may_v learn_v much_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n by_o sit_v there_o as_o all_o judge_n or_o other_o officer_n do_v by_o sit_v in_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o execu●ing_v their_o place_n yet_o they_o learn_v it_o not_o as_o scholar_n or_o auditor_n in_o a_o school_n but_o as_o judge_n and_o councelor_n of_o state_n in_o the_o supreme_a court_n and_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o discharge_v which_o trust_n they_o must_v have_v some_o competent_a ability_n of_o wisdom_n and_o experience_n requisite_a for_o judge_n and_o councillor_n of_o state_n which_o infant_n want_v before_o they_o can_v be_v admit_v member_n into_o this_o high_a public_a school_n into_o which_o none_o ought_v to_o be_v elect_v but_o such_o wise_a man_n who_o know_v both_o time_n law_n and_o judgement_n esth._n 1._o 13._o especial_o in_o such_o time_n as_o these_o 2_o it_o be_v a_o absurdity_n if_o right_o state_v imply_v assert_v that_o infant_n may_v be_v elect_v to_o sit_v and_o vote_n as_o member_n in_o parliament_n for_o the_o present_a to_o enable_v they_o to_o be_v s●t_v member_n in_o it_o for_o the_o future_a though_o unsit_v for_o the_o present_a when_o as_o in_o truth_n none_o shall_v be_v choose_v to_o such_o a_o place_n of_o public_a t●ust_n but_o those_o alone_o who_o be_v able_a and_o *_o 42._o sit_v to_o discharge_v it_o at_o the_o very_a instant_n when_o they_o be_v elect_v be_v any_o father_n schoolmaster_n so_o inconsiderate_a or_o absurd_a to_o send_v his_o son_n or_o scholar_n to_o the_o university_n before_o he_o be_v fit_a for_o a_o grammar-school_n the_o better_a to_o fit_v and_o enable_v he_o for_o the_o university_n will_v the_o king_n or_o parliament_n think_v it_o just_a or_o reasonable_a to_o make_v a_o puny_a barrister_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n for_o the_o present_a the_o better_a to_o enable_v he_o to_o be_v a_o judge_n or_o chief_a justice_n for_o the_o future_a in_o his_o ripe_a year_n though_o unfit_a unable_a at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o parent_n to_o be_v a_o puny_a judge_n will_v any_o be_v so_o senseless_a as_o to_o create_v a_o puny_a schoolboy_n chief_a master_n of_o any_o free-school_n during_o his_o minority_n the_o better_a to_o abilitate_fw-la he_o to_o discharge_v that_o office_n twenty_o year_n after_o when_o he_o come_v to_o perfect_a age_n why_o then_o shall_v any_o infant_n be_v elect_v parliament_n man_n for_o the_o present_a before_o they_o be_v actual_o fit_a or_o capable_a upon_o this_o poor_a surmise_n that_o it_o will_v the_o better_o instruct_v they_o to_o be_v able_a parliament_n man_n in_o future_a time_n certain_o this_o be_v and_o must_v be_v like_o the_o corrupt_a practice_n of_o the_o late_a prelate_n who_o will_v first_o admit_v man_n to_o benefice_n with_o cure_n of_o soul_n which_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o discharge_v for_o the_o present_a and_o then_o grant_v they_o dispensation_n to_o be_v resident_a in_o our_o university_n for_o five_o or_o six_o year_n space_n together_o of_o purpose_n to_o fit_v they_o to_o execute_v their_o cure_n and_o discharge_v their_o ministry_n some_o five_o or_o six_o year_n after_o their_o institution_n and_o induction_n to_o their_o benefice_n 3_o i_o dare_v aver_v that_o infant_n by_o follow_v their_o study_n close_o in_o the_o university_n and_o inn_n of_o court_n during_o their_o minority_n will_v be_v better_o improve_v themselves_o to_o serve_v their_o country_n in_o parliament_n in_o after_o time_n when_o they_o come_v to_o year_n of_o full_a discretion_n then_o by_o spend_v their_o time_n idle_o in_o the_o house_n where_o they_o common_o sit_v like_o cipher_n with_o out_o speak_v or_o observe_v aught_o that_o be_v material_a which_o take_v they_o oft_o from_o their_o present_a study_n and_o bladder_n they_o with_o self-conceit_n of_o their_o own_o superlative_a worth_n and_o ability_n 4_o admit_v the_o objection_n true_a yet_o the_o prejudice_n and_o dishonour_v the_o kingdom_n whole_a parliament_n shall_v undergo_v by_o the_o permission_n of_o such_o unable_a member_n be_v no_o way_n recompense_v by_o that_o little_a wisdom_n or_o experience_n which_o two_o or_o three_o infant_n may_v possible_o gain_v by_o be_v member_n for_o the_o present_a who_o happy_o may_v never_o live_v to_o serve_v in_o future_a parliament_n or_o prevatica●e_n in_o this_o 5_o the_o argument_n draw_v from_o peer_n elder_a son_n admission_n into_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n as_o auditor_n only_o not_o member_n be_v as_o strong_a a_o argument_n as_o possible_a against_o the_o objector_n they_o be_v permit_v like_o the_o 10._o son_n of_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a roman_a senator_n of_o old_a to_o come_v into_o the_o senate_n not_o as_o peer_n member_n voter_n but_o auditor_n or_o spectator_n only_o therefore_o the_o selfsame_a law_n and_o reason_n which_o exclude_v infant_n

minor_n no_o senator_n or_o a_o brief_a discourse_n prove_v that_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o 21._o year_n be_v uncapable_a in_o point_n of_o law_n of_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o election_n of_o any_o such_o be_v mere_a nullity_n yea_o injurious_a prejudicial_a dishonourable_a to_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o kingdom_n in_o sundry_a respect_n write_a by_o a_o common-lawyer_n a_o true_a lover_n of_o his_o country_n and_o honourer_n of_o the_o parliament_n to_o a_o friend_n and_o client_n of_o his_o for_o his_o private_a satisfaction_n and_o publish_v for_o the_o common-good_a job_n 12._o 12_o 12._o with_o the_o ancient_a be_v wisdom_n and_o in_o length_n of_o day_n be_v understanding_n with_o he_o be_v wisdom_n and_o strength_n he_o have_v council_n and_o understanding_n galath._n 4._o 1_o 2._o now_o i_o say_v the_o heir_n as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v a_o child_n differ_v nothing_o from_o a_o servant_n though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o but_o be_v under_o tutor_n and_o governor_n until_o the_o time_n appoint_v of_o the_o father_n isay_n 3._o 1._o 2_o 3_o 4._o for_o behold_v the_o lord_n of_o host_n do_v take_v away_o from_o jerusalem_n the_o stay_n and_o the_o staff_n the_o prudent_a man_n and_o the_o ancient_a the_o honourable_a man_n and_o the_o councillor_n and_o the_o eloquent_a orator_n and_o i_o will_v give_v child_n to_o be_v their_o prince_n and_o babe_n shall_v rule_v over_o they_o and_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v oppress_v every_o one_o by_o another_o etc._n etc._n 1_o cor._n 13._o 11._o when_o i_o be_v a_o child_n i_o speak_v as_o a_o child_n i_o understand_v as_o a_o child_n i_o think_v or_o reason_v as_o a_o child_n but_o when_o i_o become_v a_o man_n i_o put_v away_o childish_a thing_n chrysostom_n hom._n 4._o in_o 1_o cor._n cap._n 1._o non_fw-la ferunt_fw-la pueri_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la ulla_fw-la re_fw-la utili_fw-la curam_fw-la gerant_fw-la sape_fw-la autem_fw-la cum_fw-la nos_fw-la loquamur_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la necessarijs_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la nihil_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la print_v at_o london_n anno_fw-la 1646._o minor_n no_o senator_n or_o a_o brief_a discourse_n against_o the_o election_n admission_n and_o permission_n of_o any_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o 21._o year_n to_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n sir_n whereas_o you_o have_v request_v i_o to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n in_o point_n of_o law_n concerning_o this_o question_n now_o in_o controversy_n whether_o a_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o ye●●es_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n and_o whether_o his_o election_n be_v not_o mere_o void_a in_o law_n i_o conceive_v the_o final_a resolution_n of_o this_o quere_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n a_o 20._o the_o proper_a judge_n of_o their_o own_o respective_a privilege_n member_n and_o of_o the_o legality_n or_o nullity_n of_o their_o election●_n yet_o notwithstanding_o since_o every_o lawyer_n may_v without_o breach_n of_o privilege_n of_o either_o house_n declare_v what_o he_o believe_v the_o law_n to_o be_v in_o any_o disputable_a point_n that_o concern_v election_n or_o member_n the_o committee_n of_o privilege_n in_o all_o parliament_n admit_v lawyer_n some_o of_o the_o most_o necessary_a useful_a active_a able_a member_n in_o a_o parliament_n whatsoever_o some_o *_o cook_n ignoramus_n have_v late_o scribble_v to_o the_o contrary_a as_o experience_n manifest_v to_o debate_v all_o question_n concerning_o election_n of_o member_n before_o they_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o right_a reason_n and_o that_o committee_n with_o the_o whole_a house_n of_o commons_o always_o vote_v election_n good_a or_o bad_a by_o these_o very_a rule_n i_o have_v adventure_v without_o any_o scruple_n free_o and_o impartial_o to_o deliver_v my_o judgement_n touch_v the_o propound_a quere_n with_o all_o humble_a submission_n to_o the_o parliament_n the_o proper_a judge_n thereof_o and_o the_o opinion_n of_o more_o able_a lawyer_n than_o myself_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n i_o be_o real_o persuade_v that_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o one_o year_n which_o the_o b_o no●hability_n law_n resolve_v to_o be_v their_o full_a age_n when_o they_o come_v to_o full_a discretion_n be_v altogether_o uncapable_a of_o be_v member_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n and_o that_o the_o election_n of_o such_o member_n be_v mere_a nullity_n in_o law_n the_o reason_n sway_v i_o to_o this_o opinion_n be_v various_a weighty_a and_o i_o think_v unanswerable_a i_o shall_v reduce_v they_o to_o these_o four_o head_n 1._o reason_n extract_v out_o of_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o writ_n itself_o for_o the_o elect_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n 2._o reason_n take_v from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n both_o as_o it_o be_v the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n and_o great_a council_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o from_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n therein_o transact_v 3._o reason_n from_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o admit_v infant_n competent_a member_n of_o this_o supreme_a court_n and_o council_n 4._o reason_n from_o precedent_n of_o foreign_a senate_n parliament_n counsel_n appliable_a to_o our_o own_o great_a council_n and_o one_o express_v print_v authority_n first_o the_o writ_n itself_o for_o elect_a knight_n and_o burgess_n which_o be_v very_o ancient_a approve_a by_o all_o par●iaments_n and_o c_o 7._o unalterable_a but_o by_o parliament_n furnish_v i_o with_o three_o argument_n against_o the_o election_n of_o infant_n and_o their_o incapability_n of_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v couch_v in_o this_o clause_n comprise_v the_o subject_a matter_n for_o which_o parliament_n be_v summon_v to_o treat_v and_o consult_v about_o to_o wit_n d_o ●_z de_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la arduis_fw-la et_fw-la urgentibus_fw-la negotijs_fw-la statum_fw-la and_o defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la ang●●a_n and_o ecclesiae_fw-la anglicanae_fw-la concernentibus_fw-la and_o infant_n certain_o be_v uncapab●e_n for_o want_n of_o judgement_n experience_n wisdom_n learning_n to_o debate_v and_o determine_v such_o arduous_a urgent_a grand_a affair_n concerning_o the_o safety_n the_o defence_n both_o of_o the_o rea●me_n and_o church_n of_o england_n since_o in_o judgement_n of_o law_n they_o be_v uncapable_a to_o manage_v their_o own_o private_a estate_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o ful●y_o prove_v herea●ter_n therefore_o not_o capable_a to_o be_v elect_v member_n of_o this_o supreme_a council_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o second_o be_v more_o transparent_a and_o positive_o express_v in_o these_o ensue_a word_n of_o the_o writ_n which_o thus_o describe_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n to_o be_v elect_v e_o qu●_z elogi_fw-la facias_fw-la duos_fw-la milites_fw-la gladijs_fw-la ●inctos_fw-la magis_fw-la idoneos_fw-la et_fw-la discretos_fw-la realm_n and_o de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la civitate_fw-la com._n praedict._n duos_fw-la cives_fw-la and_o de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la burgo_n duos_fw-la burgenses_n de_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la et_fw-la magis_fw-la sveficientibus_fw-la eleg●_z facias_fw-la in_o relation_n to_o which_o clause_n of_o the_o write_v the_o sheriff_n and_o major_n use_v to_o make_v this_o form_n of_o return_n virtute_fw-la ●stius_fw-la brevis_fw-la feci_fw-la cleg●_z duos_fw-la milites_fw-la magis_fw-la idoneos_fw-la et_fw-la discretos_fw-la etc._o etc._o f●ci_fw-la etiam_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la virtute_fw-la hu●us_fw-la brevis_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la eodem_fw-la burg●_z elegi_fw-la facerent_fw-la duos_fw-la burgenses_n de_fw-la discretjor_n bus_z et_fw-la magis_fw-la suffienti●us_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o i_o will_v demand_v of_o any_o rational_a man_n elector_n or_o member_n of_o parliament_n whether_o he_o believe_v in_o his_o conscience_n that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o common_a reason_n law_n the_o compiler_n or_o issuer_v of_o this_o writ_n for_o election_n infant_n who_o hav●_z f_o 269._o not_o arrive_v at_o the_o year_n of_o full_a of_o ordinary_a discretion_n and_o be_v so_o indiscreet_a in_o judgement_n of_o law_n that_o they_o be_v uncapable_a to_o manage_v or_o dispose_v of_o their_o own_o private_a estate_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o ward_n to_o other_o can_v possible_o be_v deem_v the_o most_o fit_a and_o discreet_a man_n to_o be_v e●ected_v knight_n in_o any_o county_n or_o the_o more_o discreet_a and_o sufficient_a person_n that_o can_v be_v cull_v out_o to_o serve_v as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n certain_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o most_o discreet_a person_n that_o the_o g_o 3._o law_n and_o gospel_n to_o resolve_n they_o be_v within_o the_o year_n of_o perfect_a discretion_n the_o most_o indiscreet_a of_o all_o other_o not_o able_a to_o dispose_v of_o their_o own_o private_a estate_n yea_o so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o most_o sit_v person_n to_o be_v judge_n or_o councillor_n in_o this_o supreme_a court_n 11._o that_o they_o can_v neither_o be_v steward_n judge_n attorney_n nor_o

officer_n in_o any_o court_n of_o law_n or_o justice_n so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o most_o sufficient_a man_n to_o wit_v for_o wisdom_n skill_n experience_n judgement_n the_o sufficiency_n here_o intend_v that_o they_o be_v the_o most_o insufficient_a of_o any_o nnlesse_a all_o the_o whole_a county_n city_n or_o borough_n which_o elect_v they_o be_v fool_n child_n or_o more_o indiscreet_a than_o those_o very_a infant_n they_o choose_v to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n as_o most_o discreet_a and_o sufficient_a person_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o three_o clause_n in_o the_o writ_n describe_v what_o person_n must_v be_v elect_v knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o parliament_n even_o such_o only_a qui_fw-la plaenam_fw-la et_fw-la sufficientem_fw-la potestatem_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la et_fw-la communitate_fw-la civitatum_fw-la et_fw-la burgorum_fw-la pradict_n ad_fw-la faciedum_fw-la et_fw-la conse●t_fw-la i●ndum_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la super_fw-la negotijs_fw-la ante_fw-la dictis_fw-la contigerint_fw-la ordinari_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la pro_fw-la defecta_fw-la potestatis_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la seu_fw-la propter_fw-la improvidam_fw-la electionem_fw-la civium_fw-la ac_fw-la burgensium_n pradictorum_fw-la dicta_fw-la n●gocia_fw-la infecta_fw-la non_fw-la remaneant_fw-la quovismodo_fw-la now_o be_v ward_n or_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o 21._o year_n such_o person_n as_o these_o have_v they_o or_o can_v they_o have_v any_o full_a and_o sufficient_a power_n for_o themselves_o or_o for_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o county_n city_n or_o borough_n for_o which_o they_o serve_v to_o do_v and_o consent_n to_o those_o thing_n concerning_o the_o arduous_a and_o weighty_a affair_n of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n of_o england_n which_o shall_v be_v ordain_v by_o common_a consent_n in_o parliament_n doubtless_o not_o our_o common_a law_n resolve_v h_o coverture_n that_o infant_n have_v no_o full_a power_n to_o do_v or_o consent_n to_o any_o thing_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o levy_v a_o fine_a acknowledge_v a_o statute_n or_o recognizance_n which_o be_v matter_n of_o record_n they_o may_v avoid_v they_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o i_o 35._o error_n or_o a_o audita_fw-la quarla_fw-fr by_o the_o common-law_n during_o their_o minority_n their_o feofment_n gra●ts_n release_v be_v all_o either_o void_a or_o voidable_a as_o will_v at_o their_o full_a age_n as_o before_o and_o that_o not_o only_o by_o themselves_o but_o their_o heir_n to_o by_o entry_n or_o a_o writ_n of_o k_o aetatem_fw-la dum_fw-la fuit_fw-la infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la yea_o their_o assent_n be_v mere_o void_a in_o law_n not_o bind_v themselves_o as_o our_o law-book_n resolve_v upon_o which_o very_a reason_n m._n 11._o e._n 3._o assize_n 87._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o if_o one_o enter_v upon_o the_o freehold_n of_o a_o infant_n with_o his_o assent_n this_o be_v a_o disseisin_n because_o a_o infant_n can_v consent_v to_o a_o entry_n and_o if_o he_o can_v consent_v full_o for_o himself_o much_o less_o for_o other_o be_v unable_a to_o be_v a_o l_o 18._o attorney_n or_o proxy_n to_o assent_v for_o other_o in_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n much_o more_o than_o in_o a_o parliament_n the_o supreme_a court_n therefore_o for_o defect_n of_o such_o a_o power_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o such_o a_o improvident_a election_n of_o infant-citizen_n and_o burgess_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n must_v needs_o remain_v altogether_o or_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n unfinished_a contrary_a to_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o election_n and_o so_o in_o all_o these_o respect_n such_o infant_n election_n must_v needs_o be_v mere_o void_a in_o law_n my_o second_o sort_n of_o reason_n shall_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v the_o supreme_a court_n of_o justice_n the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a public_a affair_n therein_o debate_v transact_v resolve_v settle_v first_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o m_o 1._o most_o absolute_a and_o supreme_a court_n of_o justice_n in_o the_o realm_n wherein_o the_o judgement_n proceed_n of_o all_o other_o court_n civil_a ecclesiastical_a or_o marine_a be_v examine_v final_o determine_v confirm_v or_o revoke_v without_o any_o further_a appeal_n if_o then_o a_o infant_n be_v uncapable_a of_o be_v a_o judge_n either_o of_o matter_n of_o fact_n or_o law_n in_o any_o iuferiour_a court_n of_o justice_n much_o more_o than_o in_o this_o supreme_a sovereign_a court_n which_o control_v all_o other_o master_n lit●leton_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o parcener_n sect._n 259._o and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o institute_n on_o it_o f._n 155._o 172._o 175._o resolve_n that_o a_o infant_n before_o the_o age_n of_o 21._o can_v be_v a_o n_o a._n bailiff_n nor_o receiver_n for_o want_n of_o skill_n and_o ability_n in_o intendment_n of_o law_n to_o make_v any_o improvement_n or_o profit_n of_o land_n or_o good_n nor_o yet_o swear_v at_o all_o in_o any_o inquest_n as_o a_o juror_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o o_o 41_o juror_n be_v judge_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o f●ct_n which_o infant_n have_v no_o competent_a knowledge_n experience_n or_o judgement_n in_o eye_n of_o law_n to_o determine_v or_o judge_v a_o right_a of_o any_o matter_n come_v judicial_o before_o they_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o such_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la as_o the_o venire_fw-la require_v m._n 40._o and_o 41._o eliz._n b._n rs._n in_o a_o case_n between_o scambler_n and_o walker_n report_v in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n institute_n on_o littleton_n fol._n 3._o b_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o a_o infant_n be_v altogether_o uncapable_a of_o a_o stewardship_n of_o a_o manner_n in_o possession_n or_o reversion_n or_o of_o any_o office_n which_o concern_v the_o administration_n or_o execution_n of_o justice_n or_o the_o king_n revenue_n or_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o the_o interest_n benefit_n or_o safety_n of_o the_o subject_a because_o the_o law_n intend_v he_o want_v both_o skill_n and_o judgement_n judicial_o to_o manage_v either_o of_o they_o if_o then_o a_o infant_n be_v utter_o uncapable_a of_o be_v a_o judge_n officer_n or_o executioner_n of_o justice_n in_o a_o court_n baron_n leet_n or_o in_o any_o the_o most_o inferior_a court_n or_o of_o be_v a_o justice_n of_o peace_n major_n bailiff_n sheriff_n auditor_n p_o 55._o or_o but_o a_o ordinary_a attorney_n and_o the_o like_a where_o the_o mean_a business_n between_o man_n and_o man_n be_v transact_v much_o more_o be_v he_o uncapable_a of_o be_v a_o judge_n in_o parliament_n the_o suprem●st_a court_n of_o justice_n where_o the_o most_o difficult_a business_n the_o most_o weighty_a public_a cause_n be_v q_o 1._o final_o examine_v debate_v judge_v without_o any_o further_a appeal_n the_o very_a judgement_n of_o the_o great_a learned_a judge_n re-examine_a and_o ofttimes_o reverse_v the_o very_a life_n liberty_n estate_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n yea_o the_o prerogative_n right_n revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n itself_o judicial_o determine_v to_o the_o kingdom_n weal_n or_o woe_n upon_o this_o very_a ground_n in_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v of_o right_a to_o send_v forth_o his_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o any_o peer_n that_o be_v under_o age_n neither_o do_v he_o use_v to_o summon_v such_o to_o sit_v as_o judge_n in_o that_o house_n though_o peer_n by_o birth_n but_o when_o any_o peer_n be_v of_o all_o age_n than_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n ex_fw-la debito_fw-la justitiae_fw-la not_o before_o as_o sir_n edward_n cook_n inform_v we_o in_o his_o 4._o institute_n fol._n 19_o and_o 41._o nay_o if_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v a_o infant_n as_o king_n henry_n the_o 3d._o rich._n the_o second_o hen._n 5._o hen._n 6._o edward_n 5._o and_o 6._o and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o king_n be_v the_o r_o 71_o parliament_n have_v in_o such_o case_n usual_o create_v a_o l._n protector_n over_o he_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o guardian_n to_o supply_v his_o place_n in_o parliament_n to_o give_v his_o royal_a assent_n to_o bill_n and_o execute_v that_o royal_a authority_n which_o himself_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o infancy_n be_v unable_a to_o discharge_v that_o of_o ſ_o 517._o livy_n concerning_o jerom_n the_o infant_n k._n of_o syra●use_n who_o have_v his_o protector_n being_n true_a nomen_fw-la regium_fw-la penes_fw-la puerum_fw-la regem_fw-la regimen_fw-la rerum_fw-la omnium_fw-la penes_fw-la tutores_fw-la if_o then_o our_o peer_n themselves_o during_o their_o minority_n be_v thus_o uncapable_a of_o be_v judge_n in_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n where_o they_o represent_v their_o own_o person_n only_o and_o our_o king_n too_o in_o some_o respect_n then_o much_o more_o be_v other_o infant_n uncapable_a of_o be_v member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o where_o they_o t_o 1._o represent_v whole_a county_n city_n borough_n yea_o the_o commons_o

to_o be_v member_n of_o our_o supreme_a council_n especial_o in_o such_o a_o time_n as_o this_o the_o 2._o precedent_n i_o shall_v instance_n in_o be_v the_o roman_a senate_n who_o admit_v none_o into_o their_o senate_n as_o member_n of_o it_o but_o those_o who_o be_v 24._o year_n old_a at_o least_o as_o the_o n_o 1._o marginal_a author_n testify_v their_o senator_n be_v ●tate_n grave_n spectataeque_fw-la probita_fw-la be_v the_o 3d_o precedent_n be_v the_o o_o 11_o laced●monian_a senate_n which_o consist_v of_o 32._o ancient_a man_n into_o which_o none_o be_v admit_v unless_o they_o be_v above_o sixty_o year_n old_a the_o four_o the_o p_o ibid._n bithynian_n who_o admit_v no_o man_n into_o their_o senate_n unless_o he_o be_v thirty_o year_n old_a at_o least_o the_o 5_o 3_o the_o q_o 256._o athenian_n who_o permit_v none_o but_o those_o who_o be_v fifty_o year_n old_a to_o consult_v of_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v good_a and_o profitable_a to_o the_o commonweal●_z the_o 6_o be_v that_o of_o solon_n who_o forbid_v any_o young_a man_n to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o senate_n seem_v he_o never_o so_o wise_a lycurgus_n before_o he_o have_v compose_v the_o senate_n of_o the_o elder_a sort_n in_o few_o word_n ſ_o 256_o john_n bodin_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n compose_v their_o senate_n of_o senior_n or_o age_a man_n as_o be_v the_o wiserman_n and_o man_n of_o great_a experience_n and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n have_v give_v this_o prerogative_n unto_o the_o age_a to_o give_v council_n unto_o the_o common_a weal_n but_o also_o the_o egyptian_n persian_n ibid._n and_o hebrew_n who_o teach_v other_o people_n well_o and_o wise_o to_o govern_v their_o estate_n for_o that_o by_o presumption_n the_o elder_n be_v wise_a of_o better_a understanding_n of_o more_o experience_n and_o fit_a to_o give_v council_n then_o the_o young_a sort_n neither_o do_v i_o find_v that_o ever_o any_o foreign_a kingdom_n state_n admit_v infant_n member_n into_o their_o senate_n parliament_n council_n they_o deem_v it_o altogether_o injurious_a and_o absurd_a therefore_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o our_o parliament_n and_o great_a senate_n shall_v admit_v of_o any_o such_o infant_n member_n among_o they_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o opinion_n and_o resolution_n of_o reverend_a and_o learned_a sir_n edward_n cook_n the_o old_a and_o best_a experience_a parliament_n man_n in_o this_o age_n who_o in_o his_o 4._o institute_n print_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n ch._n 1._o f._n 46._o 47._o note_n under_o this_o title_n who_o be_v eligable_a to_o be_v a_o knight_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n of_o parliament_n resolve_v thus_o one_o under_o the_o age_n of_o 21._o year_n be_v not_o eligible_a neither_o can_v any_o lord_n of_o parliament_n sit_v there_o until_o he_o be_v of_o the_o full_a age_n of_o 21._o year_n a_o punctual_a resolution_n in_o direct_a term_n have_v thus_o give_v you_o a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o my_o opinion_n concerning_o the_o question_n propound_v i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n return_v a_o short_a answer_n to_o some_o objection_n and_o so_o conclude_v the_o 1._o object_n objection_n be_v this_o that_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n burgess_n and_o member_n of_o parliament_n belong_v to_o the_o freeholder_n citizen_n burgess_n and_o freeman_n who_o elect_v they_o if_o they_o therefore_o shall_v make_v choice_n of_o any_o infant_n as_o the_o fit_a or_o able_a person_n to_o serve_v for_o they_o in_o parliament_n their_o election_n must_v stand_v good_a otherwise_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o a_o free_a election_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o no_o freeholder_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n have_v any_o absolute_a power_n to_o elect_v what_o member_n they_o please_v 〈◊〉_d but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v most_o fit_a able_a discreet_a and_o such_o as_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n approve_v they_o t_o 47_o can_v elect_v a_o sheriff_n a_o minister_n a_o man_n beyond_o the_o sea_n a_o judge_n or_o attendant_n in_o the_o lord_n house_n to_o be_v knight_n of_o any_o county_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n express_a statute_n and_o the_o write_v itself_o and_o if_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o any_o such_o the_o house_n may_v adjudge_v the_o election_n void_a and_o put_v they_o to_o a_o better_a election_n of_o sit_v member_n they_o can_v elect_v these_o or_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o idiot_n a_o non_fw-la compos_fw-la alien_n woman_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v a_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n of_o parliament_n and_o if_o they_o do_v so_o the_o election_n be_v void_a because_o the_o person_n be_v uncapable_a therefore_o by_o the_o selfsame_a reason_n they_o can_v elect_v a_o infant_n where_o a_o person_n be_v uncapable_a by_o law_n the_o elector_n can_v make_v he_o capable_a of_o be_v a_o member_n 2_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o not_o the_o elector_n be_v the_o sole_a judge_n of_o the_o fitness_n the_o capability_n of_o the_o person_n elect_v and_o if_o any_o county_n city_n borough_n be_v so_o indiscreet_a and_o injurious_a to_o the_o kingdom_n as_o to_o elect_v unworthy_a member_n contrary_a to_o the_o writ_n and_o their_o duty_n the_o house_n may_v just_o cast_v they_o out_o again_o notwithstanding_o the_o election_n which_o conclude_v they_o not_o this_o the_o precedent_n of_o former_a parliament_n in_o expeling_o unworthy_a and_o unsit_v member_n together_o with_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o sit_v parliament_n in_o eject_v all_o monopolist_n projector_n at_o the_o first_o and_o all_o malignant_a member_n since_o who_o desert_v or_o betray_v their_o trust_n abundant_o manifest_v therefore_o by_o the_o selfsame_a reason_n they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o expel_v infant_n the_o house_n as_o unfitting_a and_o illegal_a member_n as_o well_o as_o projector_n monopolist_n and_o malignant_n as_o unworthy_a one_o 3_o i_o dare_v confideut_o affirm_v that_o no_o city_n or_o borough_n do_v ever_o free_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n make_v choice_n of_o any_o ward_n or_o infant_n to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n for_o they_o as_o the_o able_a or_o fit_a of_o any_o other_o to_o do_v themselves_o and_o the_o kingdom_n service_n in_o parliament_n or_o as_o the_o sufficient_a able_a and_o discreet_a person_n according_a as_o the_o writ_n direct_v they_o but_o mere_o through_o the_o over-earnest_a solicitation_n threat_n or_o overrule_v power_n of_o the_o infant_n friend_n to_o who_o they_o stand_v engage_v for_o favour_n or_o dare_v not_o offend_v lest_o they_o shall_v turn_v their_o foe_n not_o out_o of_o mere_a public_a respect_n which_o all_o elector_n in_o justice_n and_o prudence_n shall_v only_o aim_v at_o therefore_o it_o be_v altogether_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o election_n of_o infant_n ground_v mere_o on_o such_o base_a private_a respect_n as_o these_o shall_v defraud_v the_o parliament_n and_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o the_o choice_n of_o able_a member_n since_o u_o 14._o every_o member_n elect_v for_o any_o particular_a borough_n when_o once_o admit_v vote_n and_o serve_v not_o only_o for_o it_o but_o for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n too_o to_o who_o those_o who_o make_v unworthy_a election_n for_o private_a end_n or_o interest_n do_v most_o apparent_a wrong_n which_o the_o house_n have_v power_n to_o right_a else_o we_o may_v have_v our_o parliament_n stuff_v with_o infant_n malignant_n etc._n etc._n if_o people_n be_v so_o foolish_a to_o elect_v they_o in_o all_o place_n as_o they_o have_v be_v insome_a the_o second_o 2._o objection_n be_v this_o that_o some_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o 21._o have_v be_v permit_v to_o sit_v as_o member_n in_o former_a parliament_n therefore_o by_o like_o reason_n they_o may_v be_v admit_v in_o this_o upon_o our_o new_a election_n answer_n i_o answer_v first_o that_o no_o infant_n ought_v *_o 49._o de_fw-la jure_fw-la to_o sit_v in_o any_o parliament_n as_o i_o have_v manifest_v therefore_o not_o in_o this_o 2_o none_o ever_o sit_v in_o former_a parliament_n of_o right_a but_o only_o by_o connivance_n when_o either_o the_o house_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o they_o or_o their_o election_n be_v not_o question_v or_o if_o question_v as_o they_o have_v sundry_a time_n be_v and_o not_o eject_v the_o business_n have_v be_v comprimise_v without_o come_v to_o any_o solemn_a debate_n and_o resolution_n in_o the_o house_n 3_o the_o connivance_n of_o former_a parliament_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v no_o precedent_n to_o over-rule_v or_o bind_v our_o present_a parliament_n for_o these_o ensue_a respect_n ●_z because_o there_o be_v more_o weighty_a difficult_a affair_n concerning_o our_o church_n state_n and_o three_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o be_v consult_v upon_o debate_v and_o settle_v in_o this_o parliament_n then_o in_o any_o yea_o all_o the_o parliament_n of_o former_a age_n unite_v 2_o