and_o the_o more_o ancient_a the_o more_o suspicious_a but_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o three_o chief_a judge_n declare_v 783._o that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n every_o bishop_n in_o his_o diocese_n and_o the_o archbishop_n in_o convocation_n may_v make_v canon_n to_o bind_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n 3._o the_o subordinate_a jurisdiction_n which_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o clergy_n resident_a in_o cathedral_n church_n and_o of_o archdeacon_n in_o the_o several_a diocese_n i_o can_v find_v either_o of_o these_o to_o have_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n here_o before_o the_o conquest_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n out_o of_o the_o several_a county_n before_o for_o all_o cause_n be_v transact_v in_o the_o county-court_n and_o sheriff_n turn_v and_o appeal_n lie_v from_o they_o to_o the_o supreme_a judicature_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n but_o this_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o these_o court_n may_v be_v found_v on_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o so_o the_o original_a jurisdiction_n which_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n may_v by_o degree_n and_o a_o gradual_a consent_n come_v to_o be_v commit_v as_o to_o some_o part_n to_o the_o body_n of_o cathedral_n church_n and_o to_o the_o archdeacon_n who_o be_v say_v my_o lord_n coke_n 〈◊〉_d sixty_o in_o england_n we_o be_v tell_v in_o a_o late_a case_n of_o woodward_n and_o fox_n 269._o that_o there_o be_v archdeaconry_n in_o england_n by_o prescription_n which_o have_v no_o dependency_n on_o the_o bishop_n but_o be_v total_o exempt_a and_o for_o this_o godolphin_n be_v cite_v 65._o who_o refer_v to_o the_o gloss_n on_o the_o legatine_n constitution_n f._n 27._o where_o we_o read_v of_o some_o archdeacon_n have_v a_o customary_a and_o limit_a jurisdiction_n separate_v from_o the_o bishop_n for_o which_o a_o prescription_n lie_v but_o this_o be_v only_o for_o some_o special_a jurisdiction_n as_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o richmond_n for_o institution_n which_o come_v first_o by_o grant_n from_o the_o bishop_n but_o that_o not_o be_v to_o be_v produce_v they_o insist_v upon_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n do_v where_o the_o ancient_a composition_n be_v lose_v but_o none_o who_o understand_v the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o this_o church_n can_v suppose_v either_o of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v original_a since_o the_o right_n to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o diocese_n be_v in_o the_o bishop_n before_o there_o be_v here_o either_o archdeacon_n or_o chapter_n with_o jurisdiction_n 150._o in_o the_o case_n of_o chiverton_n and_o trudgeon_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o a_o archdeacon_n may_v have_v a_o peculiar_a jurisdiction_n as_o to_o administration_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o dean_n of_o st._n paul_n have_v at_o s._n pancras_n and_o so_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o cornwall_n as_o to_z wi_n in_o the_o case_n of_o gastril_n and_o jones_n the_o chief_a justice_n declare_v that_o the_o archdeacon_n be_v the_o bishop_n officer_n and_o his_o authority_n subordinate_a to_o the_o bishop_n 443._o and_o grant_v by_o they_o but_o if_o special_a custom_n be_v plead_v that_o must_v be_v well_o prove_v to_o which_o dodderidge_n agree_v but_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o archdeaconries_n by_o prescription_n for_o which_o i_o can_v find_v no_o foundation_n be_v all_o derive_v by_o grant_n from_o the_o bishop_n and_o archdeacon_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n by_o prescription_n which_o other_o have_v not_o which_o can_v be_v deny_v all_o the_o power_n which_o the_o archdeacon_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n be_v per_fw-la modum_fw-la scrutationis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la archdiac_n as_o lyndwood_n speak_v tanquam_fw-la vicarius_fw-la episcopi_fw-la whatever_o power_n they_o have_v beyond_o this_o be_v not_o jure_fw-la communi_fw-la but_o jure_fw-la speciali_fw-la and_o depend_v either_o upon_o grant_n or_o custom_n which_o the_o gloss_n on_o the_o legatine_n constitution_n call_v a_o limit_a jurisdiction_n 27._o the_o archdeacon_n court_n be_v declare_v by_o the_o judge_n in_o woodward_n '_o s_o case_n 269._o to_o have_v be_v 339._o time_n out_o of_o mind_n settle_v as_o a_o distinct_a court_n from_o which_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o bishop_n court_n by_o the_o statute_n 24_o h._n 8._o c._n 12._o and_o so_o the_o archdeacon_n jurisdiction_n be_v found_v on_o a_o immemorial_n custom_n in_o subordination_n to_o the_o bishop_n as_o to_o dean_n and_o chapter_n i_o observe_v these_o thing_n 1._o that_o although_o ecclesiastical_a body_n in_o cathedral_n be_v very_o ancient_a yet_o we_o read_v not_o of_o any_o jurisdiction_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o during_o the_o saxon_a time_n 75._o my_o lord_n coke_n say_v there_o be_v chapter_n as_o the_o bishop_n council_n before_o they_o have_v distinct_a possession_n and_o by_o their_o book_n he_o say_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o bishop_n part_v with_o some_o of_o their_o possession_n to_o they_o and_o so_o they_o become_v patron_n of_o the_o prebend_n of_o the_o church_n such_o be_v london_n york_n and_o litchfield_n 2._o that_o several_a of_o our_o chapter_n be_v found_v and_o endow_v by_o the_o bishop_n since_o the_o conquest_n such_o be_v that_o of_o salusbury_n by_o osmund_n out_o of_o his_o own_o estate_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o charter_n and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o h._n 2._o so_o be_v that_o of_o lincoln_n by_o remigius_n who_o remove_v the_o see_v from_o dorchester_n thither_o and_o place_v there_o a_o dean_n treasurer_n preceptor_n and_o seven_o archdeacon_n as_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n say_v who_o live_v near_o the_o time_n and_o in_o follow_v time_n those_o of_o exeter_n and_o wells_n be_v settle_v as_o dean_n and_o chapter_n for_o they_o be_v ecclesiastical_a body_n before_o but_o not_o under_o that_o denomination_n 3._o that_o some_o have_v the_o legal_a right_n of_o dean_n and_o chapter_n as_o to_o election_n of_o bishop_n and_o confirmation_n of_o lease_n etc._n etc._n but_o be_v a_o monastic_a body_n consist_v of_o prior_n and_o convent_n such_o be_v canterbury_n winchester_n worcester_z after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o secular_a canon_n for_o the_o monk_n not_o only_o enjoy_v their_o land_n but_o be_v willing_a enough_o to_o continue_v the_o name_n of_o dean_n among_o they_o as_o at_o canterbury_n after_o dunstan_n time_n agelmothas_n be_v call_v dean_n in_o worcester_n wolstan_n be_v call_v dean_n when_o he_o be_v prior_n 140._o and_o winsius_fw-la upon_o the_o first_o change_n be_v say_v to_o be_v place_v loco_fw-la decani_fw-la 969._o by_o florence_n of_o worcester_n at_o norwich_n herbert_n the_o bishop_n found_v the_o prior_n and_o convent_n out_o of_o his_o own_o possession_n in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n ii_o and_o they_o become_v the_o chapter_n of_o the_o bishop_n by_o their_o foundation_n 120._o now_o as_o to_o these_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o norwich_n case_n that_o when_o the_o king_n transfer_v they_o from_o a_o prior_n and_o convent_n the_o legal_a right_n remain_v the_o same_o b._n and_o in_o hayward_n and_o fulcher_n case_n 75._o the_o judge_n declare_v 501._o that_o a_o ecclesiastical_a body_n may_v surrender_v their_o land_n but_o they_o can_v dissolve_v their_o corporation_n 168._o but_o they_o still_o remain_v a_o chapter_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o then_o deliver_v but_o since_o insist_v upon_o in_o a_o famous_a case_n 14._o that_o it_o be_v the_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n that_o a_o surrender_n can_v be_v make_v by_o a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n because_o he_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o they_o 4._o that_o h._n 8._o endow_v some_o as_o chapter_n to_o new_a erect_a bishopric_n as_o chester_n bristol_n oxford_n etc._n etc._n 31_o h._n 8_o 9_o 34_o h._n 8._o 17._o and_o unite_v other_o as_o bath_n and_o wells_n and_o coventry_n and_o litchfield_n 33_o h._n 8._o 30._o 34_o h._n 8._o 15._o 5._o that_o where_o the_o custom_n have_v so_o obtain_v there_o may_v be_v a_o legal-chapter_n without_o a_o dean_n as_o in_o the_o diocese_n of_o s._n david_n and_o landaff_n where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o head_n of_o the_o chapter_n but_o the_o bishop_n but_o they_o must_v act_v as_o a_o distinct_a body_n in_o election_n and_o confirmation_n of_o grant_n by_o the_o bishop_n 6._o that_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n there_o be_v sole_a ecclesiastical_a corporation_n as_o well_o as_o aggregate_v a_o sole_a ecclesiastical_a corporation_n be_v where_o a_o single_a person_n represent_v a_o whole_a succession_n and_o under_o that_o capacity_n be_v impower_v to_o receive_v and_o to_o convey_v a_o estate_n to_o his_o successor_n as_o bishop_n dean_n archdeacon_n 〈…〉_z parson_n etc._n etc._n but_o parson_n and_o vicar_n be_v seize_v only_o in_o right_n of_o the_o church_n but_o as_o to_o a_o bishop_n he_o may_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o
nothing_o else_o but_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n pref._n my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n hales_n say_v ms._n that_o the_o common_a usage_n custom_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a constituent_n of_o our_o law_n b._n coke_n quote_v bracton_n '_o be_v authority_n to_o prove_v that_o custom_n obtain_v among_o we_o the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n where_o it_o be_v receive_v and_o approve_v by_o long_a use._n and_o of_o every_o custom_n he_o say_v there_o be_v two_o essential_a part_n time_n and_o usage_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o continual_a and_o peaceable_a usage_n without_o interruption_n but_o in_o case_n of_o prescription_n or_o custom_n he_o say_v that_o a_o interruption_n of_o ten_o or_o twenty_o year_n hinder_v not_o the_o title_n b._n but_o a_o interruption_n in_o the_o right_n the_o other_o be_v only_o a_o actual_a suspension_n for_o a_o time_n it_o may_v be_v ask_v how_o time_n and_o usage_n come_v to_o make_v law_n since_o time_n have_v no_o operation_n in_o law_n 1_o say_v grotius_n not_o of_o itself_o as_o grotius_n there_o say_v but_o with_o the_o concurrence_n of_o other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v bracton_n say_v 3._o long_fw-mi possessio_fw-la parit_fw-la jus_o possidendi_fw-la and_o by_o a_o long_a and_o peaceable_a possession_n dominion_n be_v transfer_v without_o either_o title_n or_o delivery_n which_o he_o find_v on_o this_o good_a reason_n 1._o that_o all_o claim_n of_o right_a aught_o to_o have_v a_o certain_a limitation_n of_o time_n 40._o and_o length_n of_o time_n take_v away_o any_o proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n littleton_n say_v 170._o that_o time_n out_o of_o memory_n of_o man_n be_v say_v to_o give_v right_o because_o no_o proof_n can_v be_v bring_v beyond_o it_o and_o this_o he_o call_v prescription_n at_o common_a law_n as_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o prescription_n by_o the_o several_a statute_n of_o limitation_n but_o whence_o be_v it_o then_o that_o a_o immemorial_n possession_n give_v right_o be_v it_o from_o the_o mere_a silence_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v to_o claim_v it_o no_o silence_n give_v no_o consent_n where_o ignorance_n or_o fear_n may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o and_o be_v it_o a_o punishment_n upon_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v so_o bracton_n say_v time_n do_v it_o per_fw-la patientiam_fw-la &_o negligentiam_fw-la very_fw-la domini_fw-la but_o mere_a neglect_n do_v not_o overthrow_v right_o unless_o there_o be_v a_o antecedent_n law_n to_o make_v that_o neglect_v a_o forfeiture_n be_v it_o from_o a_o presumptive_a dereliction_n but_o that_o suppose_v not_o bare_a continuance_n of_o time_n but_o some_o kind_n of_o voluntary_a act_n which_o imply_v a_o sort_n of_o consent_n which_o do_v not_o appear_v in_o this_o case_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n in_o those_o who_o think_v there_o be_v no_o presumptive_a dereliction_n where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o full_a consent_n for_o it_o may_v be_v where_o there_o be_v the_o consent_n of_o a_o mix_a will_n i.e._n partly_o voluntary_a and_o partly_o involuntary_a when_o the_o circumstance_n be_v such_o as_o the_o person_n rather_o choose_v to_o leave_v his_o right_n than_o submit_v to_o the_o lawful_a condition_n of_o enjoy_v it_o as_o if_o a_o man_n will_v rather_o quit_v his_o fee_n than_o perform_v the_o service_n which_o belong_v to_o it_o be_v it_o from_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o some_o bound_n be_v fix_v to_o all_o claim_n of_o right_a because_o otherwise_o that_o man_n will_v be_v liable_a to_o perpetual_a disturbance_n if_o the_o right_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v claim_v beyond_o any_o possibility_n of_o proof_n or_o be_v it_o last_o that_o in_o such_o nation_n where_o immemorial_n custom_n obtain_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n it_o seem_v agreeable_a to_o the_o foundation_n of_o law_n that_o a_o long_a continue_a possession_n shall_v carry_v right_o along_o with_o it_o and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n here_o in_o england_n as_o not_o only_o appear_v by_o what_o bracton_n have_v say_v prol._n but_o glanvil_n make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o law_n to_o consist_v of_o reasonable_a custom_n of_o long_a continuance_n and_o st._n german_a affirm_v ancient_a general_a custom_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a foundation_n of_o our_o law_n 7._o and_o that_o they_o have_v the_o force_n of_o law_n and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o his_o oath_n to_o perform_v they_o and_o it_o be_v worth_a our_o while_n to_o observe_v what_o general_a custom_n he_o do_v instance_n in_o as_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o law_n the_o hundred_o court_n the_o sheriff_n turn_v the_o court_n baron_fw-fr etc._n etc._n which_o depend_v not_o upon_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n which_o he_o call_v the_o common_a law_n and_o among_o these_o ancient_a custom_n he_o reckon_v up_o right_n of_o descent_n escheat_n the_o different_a sort_n of_o tenor_n freehold_n and_o the_o law_n of_o property_n as_o they_o be_v receive_v among_o we_o we_o be_v now_o to_o inquire_v how_o far_o any_o of_o our_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v build_v upon_o this_o foundation_n and_o upon_o immemorial_n custom_n general_o receive_v 1._o i_o place_n 1._o the_o distribution_n of_o this_o national_a church_n into_o two_o province_n in_o each_o whereof_o there_o be_v a_o archbishop_n with_o metropolitical_a power_n which_o lie_v chief_o in_o these_o thing_n 1._o the_o right_n of_o consecration_n of_o his_o suffragans_fw-la 2._o the_o right_n of_o visitation_n of_o every_o diocese_n in_o such_o way_n and_o manner_n as_o custom_n have_v settle_v it_o 3._o the_o right_n of_o receive_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n 4._o the_o right_n of_o preside_v in_o provincial_a council_n of_o the_o suffragans_fw-la of_o his_o province_n which_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o this_o church_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o a_o year_n so_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o council_n under_o theodore_n 153._o a._n d._n 673._o but_o by_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o time_n they_o be_v discontinue_v and_o so_o the_o authority_n of_o examine_v thing_n through_o the_o province_n come_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o devolution_n to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o his_o court_n 5._o the_o custody_n of_o vacant_a see_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n fall_v to_o the_o metropolitan_a if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o custom_n or_o composition_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v upon_o solemn_a 322._o debate_n resolve_v in_o our_o court_n of_o common_a law_n 176._o coke_n think_v that_o of_o common_a right_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n 43._o but_o by_o custom_n to_o the_o archbishop_n 91._o but_o panormitan_n say_v olim_fw-la there_o be_v no_o pretence_n of_o common_a right_n for_o they_o till_o the_o time_n of_o boniface_n viii_o 2._o the_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n of_o every_o bishop_n over_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o own_o diocese_n this_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o christianity_n among_o we_o for_o no_o soon_o be_v church_n plant_v but_o there_o be_v bishop_n set_v over_o they_o who_o have_v from_o the_o beginning_n so_o much_o authority_n that_o none_o of_o the_o clergy_n can_v either_o receive_v or_o quit_v his_o benefice_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o approbation_n and_o they_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o behaviour_n at_o their_o visitation_n and_o in_o case_n of_o contempt_n or_o other_o misdemeamour_n they_o be_v to_o proceed_v against_o they_o according_a to_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n i_o do_v not_o say_v the_o diocese_n be_v at_o first_o all_o model_v alike_o or_o with_o the_o same_o bound_n which_o they_o now_o have_v which_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v consider_v the_o gradual_a conversion_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o at_o first_o there_o be_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o every_o one_o of_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n except_o kent_n where_o be_v but_o one_o suffragan_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a for_o some_o time_n till_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v unite_v or_o the_o king_n consent_v to_o a_o increase_n of_o several_a diocese_n and_o unite_n they_o under_o one_o metropolitan_a which_o be_v a_o work_n of_o time_n but_o in_o all_o the_o saxon_a council_n we_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n but_o what_o be_v in_o the_o bishop_n themselves_o council_z cloveshoo_n can._n 1_o 4_o 5._o council_n cealchyth_n can._n 1._o egbert_n canon_n c._n 45_o 62._o the_o first_o who_o begin_v to_o seek_v for_o exemption_n be_v the_o abbot_n who_o be_v under_o the_o bishop_n jurisdiction_n who_o be_v too_o near_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o endeavour_v to_o get_v under_o the_o pope_n immediate_a jurisdiction_n by_o charter_n of_o exemption_n which_o the_o great_a abbey_n either_o procure_v or_o make_v
custom_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o which_o no_o less_o man_n of_o the_o law_n than_o coke_n 8._o popham_n and_o other_o judge_n do_v think_v the_o style_n of_o the_o court_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o proceed_n be_v comprehend_v and_o the_o ancient_a episcopal_a jurisdiction_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v according_a to_o law_n by_o the_o stat._n 1_o el._n c._n 1._o and_o all_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n be_v abolish_v and_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v own_v by_o every_o bishop_n when_o he_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n how_o then_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v that_o he_o shall_v do_v any_o more_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o process_n be_v in_o the_o bishop_n name_n than_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n do_v when_o he_o keep_v his_o court_n in_o his_o own_o name_n to_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v own_v a_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n be_v ridiculous_a for_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n never_o pretend_v to_o act_v as_o ordinary_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o jurisdiction_n from_o the_o pope_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o original_a authority_n which_o they_o have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o to_o their_o exterior_a jurisdiction_n and_o the_o authority_n they_o then_o act_v by_o from_o the_o pope_n be_v in_o case_n extraordinary_a when_o they_o be_v delegated_a by_o particular_a commission_n and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o real_a derogation_n from_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o process_n be_v in_o the_o bishop_n name_n can_v any_o man_n of_o sense_n imagine_v that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v permit_v in_o such_o jealous_a time_n as_o to_o supremacy_n as_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o h._n 8._o and_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o q._n elizabeth_n be_v wherein_o the_o bishop_n want_v not_o enemy_n but_o their_o malice_n will_v have_v be_v too_o apparent_a if_o they_o have_v insist_v on_o such_o objection_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o show_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n have_v be_v own_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o reformation_n 2_o e._n 6._o c._n 13._o n._n 13._o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v require_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o king_n be_v ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 1_o el._n c._n 2._o n._n 23._o according_o my_o lord_n coke_n frequent_o own_v the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o jurisdiction_n inst._n so_o they_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o question_n for_o decide_v of_o controversy_n and_o for_o distribution_n of_o justice_n 96._o say_v he_o there_o be_v within_o this_o realm_n two_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n the_o one_o ecclesiastical_a limit_v to_o certain_a spiritual_a and_o particular_a case_n the_o other_o secular_a and_o general_a for_o that_o it_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o common_a and_o general_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n hales_n in_o several_a place_n in_o a_o ms._n discourse_v of_o the_o history_n and_o analysis_n of_o the_o common_a law_n ch_n 1_o and_o 2._o but_o here_o the_o great_a difficulty_n lie_v in_o find_v out_o what_o these_o canon_n and_o constitution_n be_v which_o have_v be_v so_o receive_v and_o allow_v by_o our_o law_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o several_a canon_n make_v by_o pope_n be_v not_o receive_v here_o 9_o as_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n about_o legitimation_n of_o child_n bear_v before_o marriage_n stat._n mert._n c._n 9_o where_o the_o lord_n declare_v they_o will_v not_o alter_v the_o old_a law_n for_o a_o new_a canon_n for_o alexander_n iii_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n ii_o have_v make_v a_o canon_n to_o that_o purpose_n 15._o but_o as_o glanvil_n say_v it_o be_v contra_fw-la jus_o &_o consuetudinem_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o canon_n to_o take_v away_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o bigami_fw-la 5._o be_v debate_v in_o parliament_n how_o far_o it_o shall_v be_v receive_v and_o the_o sense_n there_o declare_v which_o be_v complain_v of_o 51_o e._n 3._o and_o take_v away_o 1_o e._n 6._o c._n 12._o the_o canon_n against_o investiture_n of_o bishop_n by_o a_o lay-hand_n be_v never_o here_o receive_v for_o although_o h._n 1._o after_o a_o long_o contest_v give_v it_o up_o yet_o it_o be_v resume_v by_o his_o successor_n the_o canon_n for_o exemption_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v never_o full_o receive_v here_o 157._o some_o lawyer_n say_v it_o be_v never_o observe_v i_o suppose_v they_o mean_v according_a to_o the_o canon_n but_o that_o they_o have_v legal_a privilege_n here_o although_o not_o a_o total_a exemption_n can_v be_v deny_v by_o any_o one_o verse_v in_o our_o law_n from_o the_o saxon_a time_n 342._o the_o pope_n canon_n for_o the_o clergy_n not_o be_v tax_v without_o his_o consent_n be_v never_o receive_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o contest_v about_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o their_o submission_n afterward_o the_o pope_n canon_n about_o appeal_n provisor_n dispensation_n etc._n etc._n be_v never_o receive_v by_o such_o a_o general_a consent_n as_o to_o make_v they_o law_n they_o be_v sometime_o practise_v by_o connivance_n and_o the_o king_n when_o it_o serve_v their_o purpose_n let_v they_o alone_o but_o as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v occasion_n they_o be_v contest_v and_o deny_v and_o statute_n make_v against_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o some_o canon_n i_o find_v dispute_v whether_o they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n or_o not_o as_o the_o canon_n against_o clergy_n man_n son_n succeed_v their_o father_n in_o their_o benefice_n immediate_o 32._o without_o a_o papal_a dispensation_n be_v not_o only_o a_o part_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n but_o enter_v in_o our_o provincial_a constitution_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o stoke_n against_o sykes_n it_o be_v hold_v by_o dodderidge_n and_o jones_n two_o learned_a judge_n that_o this_o canon_n be_v not_o receive_v here_o 191._o and_o dodderidge_n instance_a in_o two_o other_o canon_n not_o receive_v as_o against_o a_o man_n marry_v a_o woman_n he_o have_v commit_v adultery_n with_o and_o a_o lay-man_n not_o revoke_v his_o first_o presentation_n and_o sir_n john_n davis_n mention_v reckon_v the_o month_n for_o presentation_n by_o week_n 157._o and_o not_o by_o the_o calendar_n but_o both_o these_o be_v disputable_a point_n for_o some_o say_v 39_o as_o to_o the_o former_a that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n can_v revoke_v a_o presentation_n but_o the_o canonist_n think_v a_o private_a patron_n may_v vary_v with_o the_o bishop_n consent_n and_o as_o to_o the_o way_n of_o compute_v the_o month_n it_o have_v be_v different_o resolve_v but_o in_o catesbie_n case_n it_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v calendar-month_n for_o many_o reason_n 61._o but_o in_o the_o ancient_a resolution_n in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n ii_o the_o tempus_fw-la semestre_n be_v reckon_v from_o notice_n to_o the_o patron_n and_o not_o from_o the_o death_n of_o the_o incumbent_n 363._o roll_n say_v by_o our_o law_n it_o be_v from_o the_o time_n the_o patron_n may_v have_v notice_n with_o regard_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o incumbent_n die_v which_o leave_v the_o matter_n uncertain_a but_o the_o register_n reckon_v from_o the_o vacancy_n in_o many_o other_o case_n the_o foreign_a canon_n be_v not_o receive_v b._n for_o they_o allow_v but_o four_o month_n to_o a_o lay-patron_n 361._o but_o our_o law_n six_o month_n they_o deny_v any_o sale_n of_o a_o right_n of_o advowson_n but_o our_o law_n allow_v it_o and_o a_o separation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o inheritance_n which_o the_o canon_n law_n allow_v not_o and_o so_o in_o other_o particular_n but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o my_o purpose_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o after_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n where_o the_o pope_n be_v present_a peckham_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 329._o call_v a_o provincial_a council_n wherein_o he_o mention_n the_o difference_n of_o our_o custom_n from_o all_o other_o and_o a_o temperament_n to_o be_v make_v suitable_a to_o they_o and_o our_o judge_n in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o evans_n 160._o and_o ayscough_n declare_v that_o no_o canon_n bind_v here_o but_o such_o as_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o realm_n 234._o and_o dodderidge_n say_v 458._o that_o our_o ecclesiastical_a law_n do_v not_o consist_v of_o the_o pope_n decretal_n but_o be_v a_o extract_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a canon_n general_n and_o national_a but_o the_o judge_n agree_v that_o when_o they_o be_v receive_v they_o become_v part_n of_o our_o law_n 469._o lord_n chief_a justice_n vaughan_n say_v 21._o that_o if_o canon_n law_n be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n than_o it_o be_v as_o much_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o as_o well_o and_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n as_o
all_o bargain_n be_v so_o repugnant_a to_o the_o design_n of_o it_o therefore_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n have_v fix_v that_o detestable_a name_n upon_o it_o for_o all_o contractus_fw-la non_fw-la gratuiti_fw-la in_o these_o thing_n savour_v of_o turpe_fw-la lucrum_fw-la and_o tend_v to_o bring_v in_o turpe_fw-la commercium_fw-la into_o the_o church_n which_o will_v real_o overturn_v the_o whole_a design_n of_o that_o ministry_n which_o be_v design_v for_o the_o salvation_n of_o soul_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o when_o person_n have_v receive_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o temporal_a prince_n and_o other_o benefactor_n who_o be_v founder_n of_o church_n such_o endowment_n as_o may_v encourage_v they_o in_o their_o function_n that_o severe_a law_n shall_v be_v make_v against_o any_o such_o sordid_a and_o mischievous_a contract_n and_o such_o there_o be_v here_o in_o england_n long_o before_o the_o excellent_a stat._n of_o 31_o eliz._n c._n 6._o although_o it_o seem_v the_o force_n of_o they_o be_v so_o much_o wear_v out_o as_o to_o make_v that_o statute_n necessary_a for_o avoid_v of_o simony_n which_o be_v there_o explain_v to_o be_v corruption_n in_o bestow_v or_o get_v possession_n of_o promotion_n ecclesiastical_a in_o a_o council_n at_o london_n under_o lanfranc_n 10._o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n simony_n be_v forbid_v under_o the_o name_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o order_n and_o it_o can_v be_v nothing_o else_o before_o the_o church_n revenue_n be_v settle_v 35._o but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n i._o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v buy_v or_o sell_v and_o it_o be_v deprivation_n then_o to_o any_o clergyman_n to_o be_v convict_v of_o it_o and_o a_o layman_n be_v to_o be_v outlawed_n and_o excommunicate_v and_o deprive_v of_o his_o right_n of_o patronage_n and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o a_o provincial_a synod_n of_o that_o time_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n ii_o it_o be_v decree_v 152._o that_o if_o any_o person_n receive_v any_o money_n for_o a_o presentation_n he_o be_v to_o be_v for_o ever_o deprive_v of_o the_o patronage_n of_o that_o church_n and_o this_o be_v not_o mere_o a_o provincial_a constitution_n but_o two_o king_n be_v present_a hen._n ii_o and_o his_o son_n and_o add_v their_o authority_n to_o it_o 5._o this_o be_v not_o deprive_v a_o man_n of_o his_o freehold_n by_o a_o canon_n as_o a_o learned_a gentleman_n call_v it_o for_o here_o be_v the_o great_a authority_n temporal_a as_o well_o as_o ecclesiastical_a add_v to_o it_o but_o we_o be_v tell_v these_o canon_n be_v of_o as_o little_a effect_n as_o that_o of_o othobon_n which_o make_v all_o simoniacal_a contract_n void_a but_o some_o of_o the_o most_o judicious_a lawyer_n have_v hold_v that_o simony_n be_v contractus_fw-la ex_fw-la turpi_fw-la causâ_fw-la 167._o be_v void_a between_o party_n all_o that_o i_o aim_v at_o be_v to_o show_v that_o by_o our_o old_a ecclesiastical_a law_n simoniacus_fw-la incur_v a_o deprivation_n and_o disability_n before_o the_o stat._n 31._o eliz._n and_o therein_o i_o have_v the_o opinion_n of_o a_o very_a learned_a judge_n concur_v with_o i_o 237._o iu_o dilapidation_n by_o which_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n understand_v any_o considerable_a impair_v the_o edifice_n wood_n 1._o and_o revenue_n belong_v to_o ecclesiastical_a person_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o place_n for_o it_o be_v the_o great_a interest_n and_o concernment_n of_o the_o church_n to_o have_v thing_n preserve_v for_o the_o good_a of_o successor_n and_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o common_a justice_n and_o honesty_n so_o to_o do_v 34._o and_o the_o lord_n coke_n positive_o affirm_v that_o dilapidation_n be_v a_o good_a cause_n of_o deprivation_n and_o it_o be_v so_o resolve_v by_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n 12_o jac._n not_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o new_a law_n or_o statute_n but_o by_o the_o old_a ecclesiastical_a law_n for_o which_o coke_n refer_v to_o the_o year-book_n which_o not_o only_o show_v what_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n than_o be_v but_o that_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n 2._o and_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o be_v never_o give_v to_o change_v but_o it_o may_v be_v force_v to_o it_o by_o a_o new_a law_n which_o can_v be_v pretend_v in_o this_o case_n and_o by_o the_o old_a constitution_n here_o receive_v the_o bishop_n be_v require_v to_o put_v the_o clergy_n in_o mind_n of_o keep_v their_o house_n in_o sufficient_a reparation_n 2._o and_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o within_o two_o month_n the_o bishop_n be_v to_o take_v care_n it_o be_v do_v out_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o benefice_n by_o the_o injunction_n of_o edw._n vi_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n all_o person_n have_v ecclesiastical_a benefice_n be_v require_v to_o set_v apart_o the_o five_o of_o their_o revenue_n to_o repair_v their_o house_n and_o afterward_o to_o maintain_v they_o in_o good_a condition_n v._o plurality_n 59_o by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n which_o be_v here_o receive_v the_o actual_a receive_v institution_n into_o a_o second_o benefice_n make_v the_o first_o void_a ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o if_o he_o seek_v to_o keep_v both_o above_o a_o month_n the_o second_o be_v void_a too_o lyndwood_n observe_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n have_v vary_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o it_o proceed_v by_o these_o step_n which_o be_v more_o than_o lyndwood_n mention_n content_a i._o it_o be_v absolute_o forbid_v to_o have_v two_o parish_n vnio_n if_o there_o be_v more_o than_o ten_o inhabitant_n in_o they_o because_o no_o man_n can_v do_v his_o duty_n in_o both_o place_n and_o if_o any_o bishop_n neglect_v the_o execution_n of_o it_o 5._o he_o be_v to_o be_v excommunicate_v for_o two_o month_n and_o to_o be_v restore_v only_o upon_o promise_n to_o see_v this_o canon_n execute_v ii_o the_o rule_n be_v allow_v to_o hold_v as_o to_z city_n but_o a_o exception_n be_v make_v as_o to_o small_a and_o remote_a place_n clericus_fw-la where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a scarcity_n of_o person_n to_o supply_v they_o iii_o if_o a_o man_n have_v two_o benefice_n referente_fw-la it_o be_v leave_v to_o his_o choice_n which_o he_o will_v have_v but_o he_o can_v not_o hold_v both_o this_o kind_n of_o option_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n then_o in_o force_n iv._o that_o if_o he_o take_v a_o second_o benefice_n nonnulli_fw-la that_o institution_n be_v void_a by_o the_o three_o council_n of_o lateran_n under_o alexander_n 3_o v._o that_o by_o take_v a_o second_o multa_fw-la the_o first_o be_v void_a which_o be_v the_o famous_a canon_n of_o the_o four_o lateran_n council_n vi_o that_o if_o he_o be_v not_o content_v with_o the_o last_o but_o endeavour_v to_o keep_v both_o he_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o both_o and_o this_o be_v the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o our_o provincial_a constitution_n but_o the_o general_a practice_n be_v to_o avoid_v the_o former_a according_a to_o the_o lateran_n council_n these_o be_v very_o severe_a canon_n but_o that_o one_o clause_n of_o the_o pope_n dispense_v power_n make_v they_o to_o signify_v little_a unless_o it_o be_v to_o advance_v his_o power_n and_o revenue_n for_o when_o the_o dispense_v power_n come_v to_o be_v own_v the_o law_n have_v very_o little_a force_n especial_o as_o to_o the_o conscience_n of_o men._n for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o god_n how_o can_v any_o man_n dispense_v with_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v as_o apparent_a that_o he_o have_v give_v a_o power_n in_o some_o case_n to_o dispense_v as_o that_o he_o have_v make_v the_o law_n those_o casuist_n be_v very_o hard_o put_v to_o it_o who_o make_v residence_n jure_fw-la divino_fw-la and_o yet_o say_v the_o pope_n may_v dispense_v with_o it_o which_o at_o last_o come_v only_o to_o this_o that_o the_o pope_n can_v authoritative_o declare_v the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o cause_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a matter_n depend_v upon_o the_o cause_n whether_o there_o can_v be_v any_o sufficient_a to_o excuse_v from_o personal_a residence_n it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o habitual_a neglect_n of_o a_o charge_n we_o have_v take_v upon_o ourselves_o be_v a_o evil_a thing_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o to_o heap_v up_o preferment_n mere_o for_o riches_n or_o luxury_n or_o ambition_n but_o the_o main_a question_n in_o point_n of_o conscience_n be_v what_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o justify_v any_o man_n break_v so_o reasonable_a and_o just_a a_o rule_n as_o that_o of_o residence_n be_v it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o the_o elder_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n be_v so_o strict_a and_o severe_a that_o they_o make_v it_o unlawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o go_v from_o that_o church_n in_o which_o he_o first_o receive_v order_n as_o well_o as_o to_o take_v another_o benefice_n in_o it_o and_o so_o for_o any_o
to_o speak_v more_o afterward_o but_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n here_o be_v other_o sort_n of_o oblation_n as_o 1_o the_o cyrycsceat_fw-la or_o first-fruit_n of_o corn_n payable_a at_o s._n martin_n day_n ina_n ll._n 4._o 62._o edmund_n c._n 2._o and_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o doomsday-book_n and_o in_o fleta_n l._n 2._o c._n 47._o malmsb._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o and_o the_o oblation_n of_o poultry_n at_o christmas_n be_v mention_v in_o doomsday_n under_o that_o title_n 2._o there_o be_v here_o another_o kind_n of_o oblation_n call_v plow-alm_n which_o be_v a_o penny_n for_o every_o blow_n between_o easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n this_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ethelred_n 527._o and_o require_v to_o be_v pay_v fifteen_o day_n after_o easter_n although_o it_o be_v call_v eleemosyna_fw-la aratralis_fw-la in_o the_o endowment_n of_o the_o vicarage_n of_o s._n ives_n plow-alm_n be_v mention_v beside_o the_o altarage_n and_o obvention_n 256._o but_o all_o these_o oblation_n make_v a_o very_a poor_a subsistence_n for_o the_o parochial_a clergy_n iii_o and_o therefore_o i_o come_v to_o the_o main_a legal_a support_n of_o the_o parochial_a clergy_n which_o be_v in_o tithe_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v proceed_v in_o this_o method_n i._o to_o consider_v the_o foundation_n in_o law_n which_o they_o stand_v upon_o ii_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v about_o they_o i._o as_o to_o the_o foundation_n they_o stand_v upon_o in_o point_n of_o law_n my_o lord_n coke_n not_o only_o say_v 642._o that_o the_o parochial_a right_n of_o tithe_n be_v establish_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n but_o he_o mention_n the_o saxon_a law_n before_o the_o conquest_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n of_o edward_n and_o gathrun_n ethelstan_n edmund_n edgar_z canutus_n and_o king_n edward_n '_o s_z confirm_v by_o william_n 1._o 296._o hobart_n say_v that_o tithe_n be_v thing_n of_o common_a right_n and_o do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o since_o parish_n be_v erect_v they_o be_v due_a to_o the_o parson_n except_o in_o spiritual_a regular_a case_n or_o vicar_n of_o the_o parish_n in_o the_o register_n of_o writ_n a_o book_n of_o great_a authority_n 46._o there_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o consultation_n for_o tithe_n wherein_o they_o be_v own_v to_o be_v of_o common_a right_n as_o well_o as_o immemorial_n custom_n due_a to_o the_o rector_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o parish_n lord_n chief_a justice_n dyer_n say_v 50._o that_o tithe_n can_v never_o be_v extinguish_v because_o they_o be_v of_o common_a right_n the_o same_o be_v affirm_v by_o justice_n dodderidge_n in_o the_o case_n of_o fosse_n and_o parker_n 243._o in_o pieddle_v and_o napper_n case_n 13._o tithe_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o ecclesiastical_a inheritance_n collateral_a to_o the_o estate_n in_o land_n and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n due_a to_o a_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o that_o all_o land_n of_o common_a right_n be_v to_o pay_v tithe_n therefore_o it_o be_v say_v by_o hobart_n in_o slade_n case_n 44._o that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v discharge_v of_o tithe_n although_o it_o may_v be_v discharge_v of_o the_o actual_a payment_n in_o popham_n report_n we_o read_v 174._o that_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o all_o person_n ought_v to_o pay_v tithe_n 156._o and_o all_o land_n shall_v be_v charge_v with_o they_o of_o common_a right_n so_o that_o if_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o profession_n may_v be_v take_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a and_o evident_a than_o the_o legal_a right_n of_o tithe_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o unhappy_o among_o we_o that_o nothing_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o so_o much_o difference_n and_o contention_n between_o the_o incumbent_n and_o their_o parishioner_n than_o the_o point_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n so_o that_o some_o have_v wish_v they_o change_v into_o some_o other_o way_n of_o maintenance_n but_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o so_o ancient_a so_o legal_a so_o just_a a_o maintenance_n shall_v be_v change_v into_o any_o other_o which_o will_v less_o answer_v the_o end_n and_o be_v liable_a to_o as_o many_o difficulty_n if_o not_o far_o more_o but_o every_o change_n of_o this_o kind_n where_o we_o can_v be_v secure_v of_o the_o event_n be_v very_o dangerous_a especial_o when_o it_o proceed_v from_o want_n of_o judgement_n or_o ill-will_a to_o the_o profession_n both_o which_o be_v to_o be_v suspect_v in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o ill_a humour_n of_o some_o people_n can_v be_v change_v it_o will_v signify_v far_o more_o to_o the_o quiet_a of_o the_o clergy_n than_o alter_v their_o legal_a maintenance_n therefore_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o dissatisfaction_n that_o we_o may_v find_v out_o the_o proper_a method_n to_o remove_v it_o and_o thereby_o to_o prevent_v the_o troublesome_a and_o vexatious_a suit_n about_o they_o which_o make_v the_o parochial_a clergy_n so_o uneasy_a and_o their_o labour_n often_o unsuccessful_a with_o the_o people_n and_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a dissatisfaction_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o most_o of_o these_o contention_n about_o tithe_n 1._o in_o point_n of_o conscience_n 2._o in_o point_n of_o law_n 1._o in_o point_n of_o conscience_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o we_o who_o be_v very_o obstinate_a in_o this_o matter_n and_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o go_v to_o prison_n and_o lie_v there_o than_o pay_v their_o tithe_n i_o have_v often_o think_v whence_o such_o a_o stiffness_n shall_v arise_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o legal_a right_n if_o they_o have_v oppose_v all_o determination_n of_o property_n by_o law_n they_o have_v be_v more_o consistent_a with_o themselves_o but_o to_o allow_v the_o law_n to_o determine_v the_o right_a as_o to_o nine_o part_n and_o not_o as_o to_o the_o ten_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reconcile_v for_o if_o the_o question_n be_v concern_v the_o other_o part_n to_o who_o they_o do_v belong_v may_v not_o man_n as_o well_o dispute_v the_o matter_n of_o dominion_n and_o property_n in_o they_o may_v they_o not_o say_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v our_o own_o and_o the_o labour_n and_o charge_n our_o own_o why_o then_o shall_v i_o answer_v to_o another_o for_o the_o profit_n which_o arise_v from_o my_o pain_n and_o expense_n if_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o law_n have_v give_v the_o property_n of_o the_o land_n to_o one_o and_o the_o use_v to_o another_o why_o may_v they_o not_o pretend_v this_o to_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a law_n to_o separate_v one_o from_o the_o other_o since_o land_n be_v give_v for_o the_o use_n and_o the_o original_a right_n of_o dominion_n be_v from_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o use_v therefore_o the_o separate_n right_o and_o use_v be_v a_o encroachment_n on_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o mankind_n and_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o colour_n for_o this_o than_o for_o any_o to_o allow_v the_o law_n to_o determine_v the_o right_n of_o nine_o part_n to_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n but_o the_o ten_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o go_v that_o way_n which_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n have_v long_o since_o determine_v it_o so_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o purchase_n can_v claim_v no_o right_a to_o it_o for_o neither_o do_v his_o ancestor_n enjoy_v it_o nor_o those_o who_o sell_v the_o land_n to_o a_o purchaser_n consider_v it_o as_o his_o own_o for_o than_o he_o will_v have_v have_v the_o value_n of_o it_o the_o ten_o part_n than_o be_v set_v aside_o in_o valuation_n of_o estate_n as_o already_o dispose_v of_o and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o same_o law_n which_o settle_v the_o right_n to_o the_o other_o shall_v determine_v this_o likewise_o be_v it_o not_o a_o part_n of_o natural_a injustice_n to_o detain_v that_o which_o by_o law_n belong_v to_o another_o and_o be_v not_o the_o law_n the_o measure_n of_o right_n in_o case_n of_o difference_n between_o man_n and_o man_n why_o then_o shall_v not_o the_o law_n fair_o and_o equal_o determine_v this_o matter_n to_o who_o the_o ten_o of_o the_o profit_n belong_v but_o still_o they_o say_v it_o be_v against_o their_o conscience_n and_o they_o can_v do_v it_o be_v it_o against_o their_o conscience_n to_o do_v act_n of_o natural_a justice_n not_o to_o detain_v that_o from_o another_o which_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o he_o but_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v with_o people_n who_o do_v not_o judge_v of_o thing_n by_o the_o common_a light_n of_o reason_n and_o justice_n but_o by_o a_o unaccountable_a light_n within_o they_o which_o none_o can_v judge_v of_o but_o themselves_o and_o in_o matter_n of_o interest_n man_n be_v the_o worst_a judge_n in_o their_o own_o case_n 2._o therefore_o
understand_v to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o natural_a course_n of_o thing_n and_o so_o the_o appropriation_n sink_v iii_o the_o three_o legal_a exemption_n be_v from_o prescription_n and_o ancient_a composition_n this_o seem_v a_o difficult_a case_n because_o something_o less_o than_o the_o real_a value_n be_v to_o be_v take_v and_o the_o rule_n in_o lyndwood_n be_v 101._o non_fw-la valet_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la ut_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la decima_fw-la solvatur_fw-la but_o in_o all_o such_o prescription_n and_o composition_n there_o be_v less_o than_o the_o true_a value_n to_o clear_v this_o matter_n i_o shall_v show_v 1._o that_o by_o our_o ecclesiastical_a law_n all_o composition_n be_v not_o condemn_v 2._o that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n all_o prescription_n be_v not_o allow_v and_o if_o these_o thing_n be_v make_v out_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o where_o the_o composition_n and_o prescription_n be_v legal_a the_o clergy_n may_v with_o good_a conscience_n submit_v to_o they_o as_o they_o do_v in_o other_o matter_n of_o law_n 1._o as_o to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n lyndwood_n himself_o make_v these_o limitation_n 1._o in_o case_n of_o personal_a tithe_n 99_o he_o grant_v that_o as_o to_o they_o a_o man_n may_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n observe_v the_o custom_n although_o it_o be_v under_o the_o real_a value_n now_o these_o be_v found_v on_o the_o same_o law_n that_o praedial_a and_o mix_v tithe_n be_v and_o by_o the_o stat._n 2_o e._n 6._o c._n 13._o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o customary_a payment_n before_o easter_n as_o it_o have_v be_v use_v forty_o year_n before_o but_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v offering_n to_o be_v compound_v for_o and_o the_o easter_n duty_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o composition_n for_o personal_a tithe_n 2._o in_o small_a tithe_n the_o customary_a payment_n be_v allow_v the_o payment_n in_o lyndwood_n time_n be_v 6_o ob_fw-la for_o six_o lamb_n because_o it_o be_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o value_n at_o that_o time_n of_o a_o lamb_n of_o a_o year_n old_a 98._o the_o seven_o lamb_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o kind_n for_o which_o 3_o ob_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v back_o because_o three_o lamb_n be_v want_v of_o the_o number_n ten._n but_o can_v any_o one_o believe_v that_o 5_o d._n be_v the_o true_a value_n then_o of_o a_o lamb_n of_o a_o year_n old_a and_o lyndwood_n do_v not_o suppose_v it_o be_v the_o exact_a value_n but_o it_o be_v such_o as_o the_o provincial_a constitution_n determine_v and_o he_o allow_v composition_n super_fw-la minutis_fw-la decimis_fw-la b._n 3._o composition_n be_v allow_v with_o the_o bishop_n consent_n with_o lay-person_n for_o their_o tithe_n as_o to_o what_o be_v past_a there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o for_o the_o future_a he_o say_v it_o do_v not_o hold_v sine_fw-la judicis_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la which_o imply_v that_o by_o his_o consent_n it_o may_v and_o if_o so_o than_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la so_o qualify_v be_v allow_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n such_o composition_n as_o these_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o bishop_n registries_n and_o if_o they_o be_v then_o make_v upon_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n at_o that_o time_n i_o doubt_v the_o force_n of_o custom_n will_v get_v the_o better_a of_o the_o reason_n that_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o great_a difference_n of_o valuation_n of_o thing_n 2._o let_v we_o now_o consider_v what_o prescription_n and_o composition_n be_v not_o allowable_a at_o common_a law_n 1._o no_o prescription_n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr decimando_fw-la be_v allow_v among_o lay-person_n because_o none_o but_o spiritual_a person_n be_v by_o the_o law_n capable_a of_o tithe_n in_o their_o own_o right_n a_o layman_n say_v mr._n selden_n can_v be_v discharge_v of_o all_o payment_n by_o mere_a prescription_n 409._o unless_o he_o begin_v the_o prescription_n in_o a_o spiritual_a person_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n our_o great_a lawyer_n speak_v 44._o but_o in_o the_o famous_a case_n of_o pigot_n and_o hern_n 47._o a_o distinction_n be_v find_v out_o 653._o which_o may_v prove_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n 425._o viz._n 297._o that_o although_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n can_v prescribe_v for_o tithe_n because_o he_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o they_o by_o our_o law_n yet_o he_o may_v prescribe_v for_o a_o ten_o shock_n 599._o as_o a_o profit_n apprendre_fw-fr as_o a_o thing_n appertinent_a to_o his_o manor_n and_o so_o he_o may_v have_v decimam_fw-la garbam_fw-la but_o not_o decimas_fw-la garbarum_fw-la upon_o which_o resolution_n it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n case_n 45._o that_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v have_v tithe_n as_o appertinent_a to_o his_o manor_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o foundation_n in_o our_o ancient_a law_n or_o custom_n that_o i_o can_v find_v and_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o what_o be_v before_o acknowledge_v that_o none_o but_o spiritual_a person_n be_v capable_a of_o tithe_n but_o in_o plain_a truth_n this_o case_n be_v not_o true_o represent_v and_o my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n hobart_n 300._o a_o person_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o learning_n in_o the_o law_n have_v tell_v the_o world_n that_o this_o famous_a reporter_n have_v sometime_o give_v his_o own_o opinion_n and_o that_o sudden_a instead_o of_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o court_n which_o must_v take_v much_o off_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o report_n especial_o when_o the_o case_n be_v different_o report_v by_o other_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o case_n for_o sergeant_n moor_n who_o be_v of_o council_n in_o that_o case_n say_v that_o the_o defendant_n plead_v a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la in_o satisfaction_n for_o tithe_n 483._o which_o be_v 6_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o point_n whether_o such_o a_o ancient_n modus_fw-la be_v make_v with_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n bind_v the_o copy-holders_n it_o be_v out_o of_o our_o way_n but_o sure_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v good_a proof_n that_o the_o modus_fw-la be_v make_v before_o the_o copy-holds_a hold_n be_v grant_v which_o be_v not_o offer_v but_o only_o that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o which_o deserve_v no_o other_o answer_n but_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v so_o and_o it_o be_v hard_o indeed_o when_o judgement_n be_v give_v upon_o possibility_n and_o for_o the_o distinction_n of_o decima_fw-la garba_fw-la and_o decimae_fw-la garbarum_fw-la 278._o in_o a_o composition_n for_o tithe_n 398._o be_v the_o same_o thing_n mr._n selden_n as_o to_o this_o case_n of_o pigot_n and_o hern_n say_v it_o be_v a_o inheritance_n of_o tithe_n from_o immemorial_n time_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o ancient_a composition_n and_o he_o will_v not_o understand_v the_o judge_n in_o any_o other_o sense_n for_o no_o kind_n of_o infeodation_n of_o tithe_n be_v allowable_a here_o he_o say_v so_o as_o to_o create_v in_o layman_n a_o perpetual_a right_n to_o they_o except_o only_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n unless_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o some_o ancient_n grant_v of_o discharge_n from_o the_o parson_n patron_n and_o ordinary_a with_o a_o consideration_n of_o recompense_n to_o the_o parson_n and_o that_o either_o from_o time_n immemorial_n or_o ancient_a composition_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n he_o speak_v in_o another_o place_n 285._o where_o he_o own_v that_o by_o our_o law_n every_o parson_n have_v a_o common_a right_n to_o the_o tithe_n of_o all_o annual_a increase_n praedial_a or_o mix_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o parish_n and_o any_o title_n or_o discharge_v must_v be_v special_o plead_v 2._o where_o a_o prescription_n be_v plead_v de_fw-la modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la the_o actual_a recompense_n by_o composition_n must_v be_v show_v for_o as_o my_o lord_n coke_n say_v a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la be_v intend_v as_o a_o yearly_a sum_n in_o way_n of_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o tithe_n to_o the_o parson_n 43._o which_o roll_n call_v the_o actual_a recompense_n in_o the_o register_n the_o account_n of_o the_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la be_v thus_o set_v down_o 1._o there_o be_v a_o real_a composition_n b._n as_o four_o acre_n of_o land_n for_o some_o small_a tithe_n 2._o there_o be_v a_o agreement_n in_o write_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o ordinary_a and_o patron_n but_o my_o lord_n coke_n say_v 490._o the_o modus_fw-la may_v as_o well_o be_v for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o for_o land_n suppose_v no_o ancient_a composition_n in_o write_v can_v be_v produce_v how_o far_o do_v a_o prescription_n hold_v 1._o it_o must_v be_v immemorial_n 238._o or_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n here_o a_o great_a point_n arise_v fit_a to_o be_v consider_v suppose_v the_o thing_n itself_o have_v be_v within_o memory_n as_o improvement_n by_o hop_n fruit-tree_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o a_o composition_n bind_v in_o this_o case_n i_o answer_v that_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v personal_a contract_n from_o real_a composition_n 87._o in_o the_o
case_n of_o hitchcock_n and_o hitchcock_n there_o be_v a_o contract_n between_o the_o vicar_n and_o parishioner_n but_o it_o be_v deny_v to_o be_v a_o real_a composition_n although_o confirm_v by_o the_o ordinary_a and_o affirm_v not_o to_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o successor_n a_o composition_n by_o a_o mere_a verbal_a agreement_n in_o the_o case_n of_o hawle_n and_o 176._o bayfield_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v neither_o bind_n to_o the_o party_n nor_o his_o successor_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o tanner_n and_o small_a it_o be_v declare_v to_o hold_v for_o year_n 95._o but_o not_o for_o life_n my_o lord_n coke_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o it_o be_v a_o prescription_n it_o must_v be_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n of_o man_n 653._o but_o that_o a_o real_a composition_n may_v be_v either_o before_o 40._o or_o within_o memory_n of_o man_n but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v by_o parson_n 655._o patron_n 151._o and_o ordinary_a it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o sir_n simon_n degge_v in_o his_o useful_a book_n about_o these_o matter_n coun._n that_o although_o real_a composition_n be_v suppose_v in_o law_n to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o prescription_n de_fw-fr modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la 20._o where_o the_o patron_n ordinary_a and_o parson_n do_v consent_n to_o they_o yet_o that_o the_o most_o of_o they_o have_v grow_v up_o by_o the_o negligence_n and_o carelessness_n of_o the_o clergy_n themselves_o which_o i_o be_o afraid_a be_v too_o true_a and_o he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o no_o real_a composition_n can_v be_v make_v now_o to_o bind_v the_o successor_n since_o the_o statute_n 13_o eliz._n c._n 10._o which_o restrain_v all_o bind_a grant_n to_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n or_o three_o life_n and_o if_o so_o than_o the_o consent_n of_o patron_n and_o ordinary_n can_v make_v it_o good_a 2._o it_o must_v be_v reasonable_a and_o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v reject_v in_o these_o case_n 1._o if_o it_o be_v a_o prescription_n to_o pay_v a_o certain_a tithe_n without_o the_o parson_n view_n of_o the_o nine_o part_n because_o say_v hobart_n 107._o it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o partition_n 647._o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o carlisle_n 2._o if_o there_o be_v no_o recompense_n to_o the_o parson_n 649._o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o scory_n and_o barber_n 276._o the_o prescription_n be_v found_v on_o the_o parishioner_n find_v straw_n for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n 65._o 3._o if_o it_o be_v for_o pay_v only_o what_o be_v due_a in_o lieu_n of_o other_o tithe_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o ingoldsby_n and_o johnson_n 786._o that_o they_o pay_v their_o other_o tithe_n in_o lieu_n of_o tithe_n of_o dry_a cattle_n 45._o or_o in_o case_n a_o load_n of_o hay_n be_v prescribe_v for_o in_o lieu_n of_o tithe-hay_a 238._o or_o ten_o sheaf_n of_o corn_n for_o the_o tithe_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n 4._o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o something_o certain_a and_o durable_a 40._o for_o this_o say_v hobart_n show_v a_o original_a weakness_n in_o the_o composition_n be_v of_o a_o thing_n certain_a and_o durable_a for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o so_o iv._o the_o last_o exemption_n or_o discharge_v that_o be_v plead_v as_o to_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n be_v unity_n of_o possession_n that_o be_v where_o a_o monastery_n have_v the_o right_n of_o tithe_n by_o appropriation_n and_o have_v other_o land_n which_o do_v not_o pay_v tithe_n because_o the_o owner_n be_v to_o receive_v they_o these_o be_v actual_o free_a at_o the_o time_n of_o dissolution_n and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o they_o be_v legal_o so_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o unity_n of_o possession_n be_v in_o itself_o no_o legal_a discharge_n but_o whether_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n the_o judge_n be_v divide_v in_o opinion_n 47._o but_o afterward_o in_o the_o case_n of_o green_n and_o bosekin_n the_o judge_n allow_v it_o 420._o so_o it_o be_v not_o a_o mere_a unity_n of_o estate_n but_o of_o occupation_n 47._o hobart_n say_v 533._o that_o after_o it_o have_v be_v long_o controvert_v 298._o it_o be_v receive_v as_o the_o common_a opinion_n coke_n 14._o that_o where_o unity_n of_o possession_n give_v a_o discharge_v the_o title_n must_v be_v clear_a the_o nonpayment_n general_a and_o the_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n but_o if_o the_o appropriation_n be_v make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 4._o h._n 6._o it_o can_v not_o be_v discharge_v by_o unity_n nor_o if_o it_o be_v a_o late_a abby-prescription_n thus_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o lay_v this_o matter_n before_o you_o as_o brief_o and_o clear_o as_o i_o can_v from_o the_o best_a light_n i_o can_v get_v that_o i_o may_v give_v you_o such_o direction_n that_o you_o may_v neither_o run_v into_o needless_a and_o vexatious_a suit_n nor_o be_v run_v down_o by_o frivolous_a pretence_n it_o be_v your_o great_a advantage_n that_o you_o have_v the_o law_n of_o your_o side_n if_o you_o understand_v it_o a_o right_a but_o have_v a_o care_n of_o be_v set_v on_o by_o such_o who_o interest_n it_o be_v to_o promote_v suit_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v you_o to_o prevent_v they_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o as_o much_o as_o lie_v in_o you_o the_o church_n right_n be_v not_o to_o suffer_v by_o your_o negligence_n and_o you_o be_v not_o to_o make_v the_o church_n to_o suffer_v by_o your_o contention_n he_o that_o love_v go_v to_o law_n seldom_o fail_v of_o have_v enough_o of_o it_o he_o suffer_v in_o his_o purse_n in_o his_o reputation_n in_o his_o interest_n and_o the_o church_n suffer_v by_o his_o mean_n endeavour_v to_o gain_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v the_o love_n of_o your_o people_n by_o a_o kind_n modest_a courteous_a and_o peaceable_a behaviour_n which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o prevent_v or_o to_o compose_v difference_n if_o you_o be_v force_v to_o sue_v for_o your_o maintenance_n let_v they_o see_v that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o it_o and_o that_o you_o be_v always_o willing_a to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o such_o dispute_n if_o the_o church_n right_n be_v secure_v which_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o preserve_v of_o the_o obligation_n to_o observe_v the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n and_o constitution_n at_o a_o visitation_n october_n 29_o the_o 1696._o in_o speak_v clear_o and_o distinct_o to_o this_o case_n there_o be_v these_o two_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v i._o by_o what_o authority_n they_o do_v oblige_v ii_o in_o what_o way_n and_o manner_n they_o oblige_v i._o the_o first_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v the_o authority_n by_o which_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n and_o constitution_n do_v oblige_v for_o if_o there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a authority_n there_o can_v be_v that_o obligation_n on_o conscience_n which_o suppose_v a_o legal_a exercise_n of_o power_n or_o a_o just_a right_o to_o command_v our_o obedience_n to_o the_o order_n of_o our_o superior_n be_v due_a by_o virtue_n of_o that_o divine_a law_n which_o require_v we_o to_o be_v subject_a for_o conscience-sake_n but_o our_o obedience_n be_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o order_n of_o justice_n i.e._n it_o ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o law_n therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o inquire_v whether_o there_o be_v among_o we_o any_o such_o thing_n as_o ecclesiastical_a law_n i.e._n such_o rule_n which_o according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o government_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v for_o we_o be_v member_n of_o a_o church_n establish_v by_o law_n and_o there_o be_v legal_a duty_n incumbent_a on_o we_o with_o respect_n not_o only_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n but_o of_o the_o realm_n for_o although_o our_o office_n and_o authority_n as_o churchman_n have_v a_o high_a original_a yet_o the_o limitation_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o be_v within_o such_o bound_n as_o be_v allow_v and_o fix_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v therefore_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n to_o we_o to_o understand_v how_o far_o our_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o search_v into_o the_o foundation_n of_o our_o law_n which_o lie_v in_o three_o thing_n 1._o immemorial_n custom_n 2._o general_n practice_n and_o allowance_n 3._o authority_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v how_o far_o our_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n be_v found_v on_o these_o 1._o immemorial_n custom_n our_o great_a lawyer_n allow_v ancient_a custom_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o foundation_n of_o our_o law_n 344._o and_o my_o lord_n coke_n call_v it_o one_o of_o the_o main_a triangle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v foundation_n and_o another_o say_v r._n that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v
any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o another_o place_n that_o the_o ancient_a canon_n law_n receive_v in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o such_o case_n 132._o in_o a_o three_o that_o a_o lawful_a canon_n be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 327._o as_o well_o as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o three_o thing_n viz._n the_o power_n of_o make_v canon_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n this_o be_v found_v on_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o the_o word_n be_v that_o no_o canon_n constitution_n and_o ordinance_n provincial_a or_o synodal_n shall_v be_v make_v promulge_v and_o execute_v without_o the_o king_n be_v royal_a assent_n or_o licence_n canon_n so_o make_v and_o authorize_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v say_v by_o lord_n chief_a justice_n vaughan_n 327._o to_o be_v canon_n warrant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o such_o he_o affirm_v the_o canon_n of_o a._n d._n 1603._o to_o be_v but_o some_o have_v object_v that_o these_o be_v only_o negative_a word_n 10._o and_o be_v not_o a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n but_o a_o declaration_n of_o what_o the_o law_n be_v before_o but_o my_o lord_n coke_n with_o far_o great_a judgement_n 323._o limit_n that_o expression_n that_o what_o be_v then_o pass_v be_v declaratory_a of_o the_o common_a law_n to_o that_o clause_n that_o no_o canon_n shall_v be_v in_o force_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o as_o to_o the_o make_n of_o new_a canon_n he_o only_o say_v that_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o power_n be_v much_o limit_v because_o they_o must_v have_v licence_n to_o make_v they_o and_o the_o king_n be_v royal_a assent_n to_o allow_v they_o before_o they_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n but_o he_o never_o imagine_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o statute_n to_o be_v that_o no_o canon_n can_v be_v make_v but_o in_o parliament_n or_o that_o the_o king_n have_v not_o a_o power_n to_o confirm_v new_a canon_n make_v by_o the_o convocation_n as_o to_o the_o law_n as_o it_o stand_v before_o we_o must_v distinguish_v these_o two_o thing_n 1._o convocation_n call_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o clergy_n can_v never_o assemble_v without_o it_o but_o the_o writ_n for_o the_o convocation_n to_o sit_v with_o the_o parliament_n not_o together_o in_o place_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o begin_v with_o the_o clause_n praemunientes_fw-la and_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o it_o begin_v on_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o the_o attendance_n of_o burgess_n do_v viz._n that_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o payment_n of_o subsidy_n they_o ought_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n for_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 3._o a._n r._n 39_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n complain_v 356._o that_o they_o be_v tax_v without_o their_o consent_n 2._o convocation_n call_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o in_o this_o province_n the_o archbishop_n send_v his_o mandate_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n who_o be_v to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n etc._n etc._n to_o appear_v at_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n and_o to_o act_v as_o they_o receive_v authority_n from_o the_o king_n the_o not_o distinguish_v these_o two_o writ_n have_v cause_v so_o much_o confusion_n in_o some_o man_n mind_n about_o the_o right_n of_o the_o convocation_n for_o they_o imagine_v that_o the_o convocation_n as_o it_o treat_v of_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o first_o writ_n which_o be_v in_o the_o bishop_n summons_n to_o parliament_n but_o that_o relate_v to_o they_o as_o one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o consent_n be_v then_o require_v to_o their_o own_o subsidy_n which_o be_v distinct_o grant_v but_o confirm_v by_o the_o other_o estate_n but_o the_o other_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o archbishop_n by_o which_o the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v strict_o require_v to_o appear_v and_o then_o to_o understand_v the_o king_n further_a pleasure_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o most_o ancient_a writ_n for_o a_o convocation_n which_o show_v that_o the_o convocation_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v a_o occasional_a assembly_n for_o such_o purpose_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v direct_v they_o when_o they_o meet_v and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a foundation_n upon_o which_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o be_v build_v for_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o in_o fact_n there_o have_v be_v convocation_n for_o ecclesiastical_a purpose_n call_v without_o the_o king_n writ_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o archbishops_n legatine_n power_n which_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v exercise_v here_o although_o it_o be_v a_o usurpation_n upon_o the_o king_n be_v right_a so_o even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 8._o although_o there_o be_v a_o convocation_n summon_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n yet_o cardinal_n wolsley_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o legatine_n power_n superior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o archbishop_n removed_z the_o convocation_n to_o another_o place_n and_o preside_v in_o it_o which_o be_v as_o great_a a_o affront_n to_o the_o king_n be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o archbishops_n authority_n as_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v but_o this_o be_v then_o patient_o bear_v wherefore_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o legal_a and_o not_o of_o legatine_n convocation_n but_o when_o h._n 8._o be_v sufficient_o provoke_v by_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n he_o resolve_v to_o resume_v the_o ancient_a and_o legal_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n how_o soever_o disuse_v by_o modern_a usurpation_n and_o among_o these_o he_o claim_v this_o of_o summon_v the_o convocation_n and_o direct_v the_o proceed_n therein_o the_o difference_n of_o these_o writ_n will_v best_o appear_v by_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o convocation_n a._n d._n 1640._o in_o the_o year_n 1639._o about_o the_o first_o of_o february_n the_o parliament_n writ_n be_v issue_v out_o to_o the_o bishop_n for_o call_v their_o clergy_n to_o parliament_n and_o this_o be_v only_o ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la iis_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la contigerint_fw-la ordinari_fw-la the_o other_o write_v for_o the_o convocation_n to_o the_o archbishop_n be_v issue_v out_o the_o twenty_o of_o february_n and_o have_v this_o clause_n ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la &_o concludendum_fw-la super_fw-la praemissis_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la quae_fw-la sibi_fw-la clarius_fw-la exponentur_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la meâ_fw-la the_o parliament_n at_o that_o time_n be_v dissolve_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o convocation_n sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n must_v fall_v with_o it_o but_o a_o great_a question_n arise_v whether_o the_o convocation_n sit_v by_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o archbishop_n be_v dissolve_v or_o not_o and_o the_o great_a judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o that_o time_n be_v of_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o but_o those_o be_v not_o time_n to_o venture_v upon_o such_o point_n when_o people_n be_v dispose_v to_o find_v fault_n as_o they_o do_v to_o purpose_v when_o the_o next_o parliament_n meet_v who_o make_v use_v of_o the_o sit_v of_o this_o convocation_n and_o the_o canon_n then_o pass_v as_o one_o of_o the_o popular_a theme_n to_o declaim_v upon_o against_o the_o bishop_n and_o to_o inflame_v the_o nation_n against_o the_o whole_a order_n the_o great_a objection_n in_o point_n of_o law_n be_v that_o the_o commission_n have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o convocation_n sit_v in_o parliament-time_n which_o begin_v 13_o april_n 1640._o and_o the_o commission_n bear_v date_n april_n 15._o the_o parliament_n be_v dissolve_v may_n 5._o and_o the_o 12_o of_o may_v a_o new_a commission_n be_v grant_v which_o make_v void_a that_o of_o the_o fifteen_o of_o april_n and_o so_o what_o be_v do_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o must_v be_v do_v out_o of_o parliament_n and_o so_o not_o in_o convocation_n according_a to_o 25_o h._n 8._o 19_o although_o these_o canon_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o thirty_o of_o june_n the_o same_o year_n after_o the_o king_n restoration_n a_o act_n of_o parliament_n pass_v for_o restore_a the_o bishop_n ordinary_a jurisdiction_n 12._o wherein_o a_o clause_n be_v add_v that_o this_o act_n do_v not_o confirm_v those_o canon_n of_o 1640._o but_o leave_v the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n as_o they_o stand_v 1639._o which_o act_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o king_n assent_n it_o void_v the_o former_a confirmation_n of_o they_o and_o so_o leave_v they_o without_o force_n but_o the_o alteration_n of_o our_o law_n by_o the_o act_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o lay_v not_o in_o this_o that_o
the_o convocation_n by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n can_v not_o sit_v but_o in_o parliament-time_n although_o that_o in_o all_o respect_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a time_n for_o there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n tend_v that_o way_n in_o the_o statute_n but_o provincial_a council_n have_v be_v frequent_o hold_v here_o without_o any_o writ_n from_o the_o king_n and_o therein_o treat_v of_o matter_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o crown_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o legatine_n power_n there_o be_v great_a reason_n for_o the_o king_n to_o resume_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o so_o william_n i._o declare_v it_o in_o eadmerus_n 6._o that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o provincial_a council_n without_o his_o authority_n but_o afterward_o we_o find_v hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_z hold_v a_o provincial_a council_n against_o the_o king_n prohibition_n 806._o and_o several_a writ_n be_v send_v to_o they_o to_o prohibit_v their_o meddle_v 123._o in_o matter_n of_o state_n in_o prejudice_n to_o the_o crown_n 18_o h._n 3._o under_o penalty_n of_o the_o bishop_n forfeit_v their_o barony_n and_o to_o the_o like_a purpose_n 35_o e._n 1._o 15_o e._n 2._o 6_o e._n 3._o which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o tacit_n permission_n of_o these_o provincial_a council_n provide_v they_o do_v nothing_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o from_o such_o council_n come_v our_o provincial_a constitution_n which_o lyndwood_n have_v digest_v according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o canon-law_n and_o have_v therein_o show_v what_o part_n of_o the_o canon-law_n have_v any_o force_n here_o not_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o papal_a or_o legatine_n power_n but_o by_o the_o general_n consent_v of_o the_o nation_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v among_o we_o but_o my_o business_n be_v not_o now_o with_o canon_n so_o receive_v but_o with_o canon_n make_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o 19_o for_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o imagine_v those_o be_v only_o negative_a word_n for_o than_o they_o exclude_v the_o king_n power_n of_o call_v a_o convocation_n as_o well_o as_o confirm_v the_o act_n of_o it_o for_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o call_v they_o together_o if_o be_v assemble_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n vaughan_n opinion_n that_o the_o canon_n make_v a._n d._n 1603._o be_v warrant_v by_o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o the_o council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o grove_n and_o eliot_n 42._o 22_o carol._n 2._o that_o no_o canon_n can_v alter_v the_o law_n which_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o it_o be_v say_v on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o these_o canon_n have_v be_v always_o allow_v have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n one_o of_o the_o judge_n say_v that_o the_o king_n and_o convocation_n can_v make_v canon_n to_o bind_v the_o laity_n but_o only_o the_o clergy_n but_o vaughan_n say_v that_o those_o canon_n be_v of_o force_n although_o never_o confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o no_o canon_n be_v and_o yet_o say_v he_o they_o be_v the_o law_n which_o bind_v and_o govern_v in_o ecclesiastic_a affair_n the_o convocation_n with_o the_o licence_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n may_v make_v canon_n for_o regulation_n of_o the_o church_n and_o that_o as_o well_o concern_v laic_n as_o ecclesiastic_n and_o so_o be_v lyndwood_n there_o can_v be_v no_o question_n in_o lyndwood_n time_n but_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n be_v think_v to_o bind_v all_o that_o be_v concern_v in_o they_o and_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n which_o continue_v in_o force_n by_o custom_n and_o consent_n bind_v all_o the_o only_a question_n than_o be_v about_o make_v new_a canon_n and_o the_o power_n to_o make_v they_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o which_o the_o nation_n consent_v and_o so_o there_o need_v no_o representative_n of_o the_o people_n in_o convocation_n and_o no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v infer_v from_o moor_n 755._o for_o the_o judge_n declare_v the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o clergy_n for_o not_o conform_v to_o the_o canon_n to_o be_v legal_a but_o they_o say_v nothing_o of_o other_o but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o bird_n and_o smith_n f._n 783._o the_o chancellor_n and_o three_o chief_a judge_n declare_v that_o the_o canon_n make_v in_o convocation_n by_o the_o king_n authority_n without_o parliament_n do_v bind_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o proceed_v to_o show_v ii_o in_o what_o manner_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o canon_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v premise_v two_o thing_n 1._o that_o i_o meddle_v not_o with_o such_o canon_n as_o be_v alter_v by_o law_n for_o all_o grant_n that_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o moral_a duty_n their_o force_n may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 2._o there_o be_v some_o canon_n where_o the_o general_a disuse_n in_o matter_n of_o no_o great_a consequence_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o church_n or_o the_o right_n of_o other_o person_n may_v abate_v the_o force_n of_o the_o obligation_n especial_o when_o the_o disuse_n have_v be_v connive_v at_o and_o not_o bring_v into_o article_n of_o visitation_n as_o can._n 74._o about_o gown_n with_o stand_a collar_n and_o cloak_n with_o sleeve_n but_o the_o general_a reason_n continue_v in_o force_n viz._n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o decent_a and_o comely_a habit_n for_o the_o clergy_n whereby_o they_o shall_v be_v know_v and_o distinguish_v by_o the_o people_n and_o for_o this_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o church_n be_v allege_v but_o here_o a_o very_a material_a question_n arise_v how_o far_o custom_n be_v allow_v to_o interpret_v and_o alter_v the_o force_n of_o canon_n make_v by_o a_o lawful_a authority_n for_o where_o a_o custom_n prevail_v against_o a_o stand_a rule_n it_o amount_v to_o this_o whether_o practice_n against_o law_n be_v to_o have_v more_o force_n than_o the_o law_n and_o how_o can_v there_o be_v a_o reasonable_a custom_n against_o a_o law_n build_v upon_o reasonable_a ground_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o custom_n have_v no_o power_n in_o this_o case_n than_o all_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n do_v still_o bind_v in_o conscience_n and_o so_o we_o must_v not_o kneel_v at_o our_o prayer_n on_o sunday_n nor_o between_o easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o good_a reason_n at_o first_o and_o so_o many_o other_o canon_n which_o have_v long_o grow_v into_o a_o disuse_n so_o that_o if_o we_o do_v strict_o oblige_v person_n to_o observe_v all_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n make_v by_o lawful_a authority_n we_o run_v man_n into_o endless_a scruple_n and_o perplexity_n 13._o and_o gerson_n himself_o grant_v that_o many_o canon_n of_o general_a council_n have_v lose_v their_o force_n by_o disuse_n and_o that_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o now_o will_v be_v useless_a and_o impossible_a but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o mere_a disuse_n be_v sufficient_a what_o will_v become_v of_o any_o canon_n and_o constitution_n where_o person_n be_v refractory_a and_o disobedient_a this_o be_v a_o case_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v state_v and_o clear_v and_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v three_o sort_n of_o custom_n 1._o custom_n general_o obtain_v upon_o alter_v the_o reason_n of_o ancient_a canon_n 2._o custom_n allow_v upon_o the_o general_a inconveniency_n of_o modern_a canon_n 3._o custom_n take_v up_o without_o any_o rule_n or_o canon_n for_o they_o 1._o as_o to_o general_a custom_n against_o ancient_a canon_n where_o the_o reason_n be_v alter_v i_o see_v no_o ground_n for_o any_o to_o set_v up_o those_o canon_n as_o still_o in_o force_n among_o we_o for_o this_o must_v create_v confusion_n and_o disorder_n which_o those_o canon_n be_v design_v to_o prevent_v and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v certain_o supersede_n ancient_a canon_n wherein_o the_o necessary_a duty_n of_o religion_n be_v not_o immediate_o concern_v for_o we_o must_v have_v a_o care_n of_o set_v up_o ancient_a canon_n against_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o law_n which_o can_v be_v consistent_a with_o our_o national_a obligation_n nor_o with_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n 2._o as_o to_o custom_n relate_v to_o modern_a canon_n if_o it_o have_v any_o force_n as_o to_o alter_v the_o obligation_n 1._o it_o must_v be_v general_a not_o take_v up_o by_o particular_a dissaffected_a person_n to_o our_o constitution_n for_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o man_n only_o show_v their_o wilful_a disobedience_n and_o contempt_n of_o authority_n and_o all_o casuist_n be_v agree_v that_o contempt_n of_o lawful_a authority_n be_v a_o wilful_a sin_n which_o suppose_v a_o wilful_a neglect_n upon_o