discipline_n 58._o ll._n canut_n cap._n 58._o if_o they_o follow_v their_o rule_n which_o be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o arbitry_n of_o the_o general_n but_o by_o parliament_n these_o among_o other_o scatter_a principle_n concern_v sea-affaire_n may_v serve_v to_o let_v we_o know_v that_o the_o law-martiall_n and_o that_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v branch_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n settle_v by_o the_o general_a vote_n in_o the_o wittagenmot_n and_o not_o leave_v to_o the_o will_n of_o a_o lawless_a general_n or_o commander_n so_o tender_a and_o uniform_a be_v those_o time_n both_o in_o their_o law_n and_o liberty_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o first_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n and_o their_o officer_n if_o the_o saxon_a government_n be_v regular_a in_o time_n of_o war_n how_o much_o rather_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n all_o great_a work_n be_v do_v by_o parcel_n and_o degree_n and_o it_o be_v the_o saxon_n ancient_a way_n in_o germany_n to_o divide_v their_o territory_n into_o several_a circuit_n or_o circle_n and_o to_o assign_v to_o each_o their_o several_a magistrate_n all_o of_o they_o rule_v by_o one_o law_n like_o one_o soul_n work_v in_o several_a member_n to_o one_o common_a good_a thus_o they_o do_v here_o in_o england_n have_v find_v the_o land_n already_o divide_v into_o several_a government_n they_o likewise_o what_o they_o conquer_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n call_v comitatus_fw-la or_o county_n from_o the_o word_n come_v that_o signify_v a_o companion_n and_o the_o county_n thence_o call_v be_v nothing_o but_o society_n or_o association_n in_o public_a charge_n and_o service_n but_o the_o saxon_a word_n be_v shire_n or_o share_n that_o be_v a_o portion_n or_o precinct_n of_o ground_n belong_v to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o great_a town_n and_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o that_o person_n or_o town_n and_o sometime_o of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o people_n as_o north_n or_o south_n folk_n east_n or_o south_n sex_n or_o saxon_n this_o division_n by_o the_o name_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o saxon_a original_a and_o though_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ingulfus_n and_o other_o writer_n hon._n seld._n tit._n hon._n it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v do_v by_o alfred_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v more_o ancient_a if_o the_o reader_n mind_n the_o grant_n of_o peter_n penny_n make_v by_o king_n offa_n wherein_o be_v record_v the_o several_a diocese_n and_o shire_n out_o of_o which_o that_o grant_n be_v make_v under_o the_o very_a same_o name_n that_o they_o own_o at_o this_o day_n 794._o m._n westm_n an._n 794._o and_o that_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o alfred_n time_n by_o the_o space_n of_o 80_o year_n each_o of_o these_o shire_n or_o county_n have_v their_o two_o chief_a governor_n for_o distributive_a justice_n of_o these_o the_o sheriff_n be_v more_o ancient_a and_o worthy_a officer_n be_v the_o lieutenant_n sheriff_n sheriff_n and_o aid_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o county_n in_o certain_a case_n for_o his_o commission_n extend_v not_o to_o levy_v war_n but_o to_o maintain_v justice_n in_o that_o county_n and_o within_o the_o same_o and_o in_o this_o work_n he_o be_v partly_o ministerial_a and_o partly_o judicial_a in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v the_o king_n servant_n to_o execute_v his_o writ_n in_o the_o other_o he_o regulate_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n under_o his_o survey_n 35._o ll._n edw._n c._n 35._o he_o be_v choose_v in_o the_o county_n court_n call_v the_o folkmote_a by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeholder_n and_o as_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o heretock_n be_v entitle_v to_o their_o honour_n by_o the_o people_n favour_n coroner_n coroner_n the_o coroner_n though_o in_o original_a late_a be_v nevertheless_o very_o ancient_a he_o be_v the_o more_o servant_n or_o officer_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o two_o his_o work_n be_v to_o inquire_v upon_o view_n of_o manslaughter_n and_o by_o indictment_n of_o all_o felony_n as_o do_v contra_fw-la coronam_fw-la which_o former_o be_v only_o contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la and_o triable_a only_o by_o appeal_n 13._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 13._o as_o also_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v of_o all_o escheate_n and_o forfeiture_n and_o they_o to_o seize_v he_o be_v also_o to_o receive_v appeal_n of_o felony_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o crown_n plea_n within_o the_o county_n it_o be_v evident_a he_o be_v a_o officer_n in_o alfred_n time_n 300._o miror_fw-la p._n 300._o for_o that_o king_n put_v a_o judge_n to_o death_n for_o sentence_v one_o to_o suffer_v death_n upon_o the_o coroner_n record_v without_o allow_v the_o delinquent_a liberty_n of_o traverse_n this_o officer_n also_o be_v make_v by_o election_n of_o the_o freeholder_n in_o their_o county_n court_n as_o the_o sheriff_n be_v 164._o fit_v n._n br._n 163_o 164._o and_o from_o among_o the_o man_n of_o chief_a rank_n in_o the_o county_n and_o swear_v in_o their_o presence_n but_o the_o king_n writ_n lead_v the_o work_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o county_n court_n and_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n consist_v much_o in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o public_a meeting_n of_o the_o freeholder_n &_o their_o meeting_n be_v either_o in_o one_o place_n or_o in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o county_n in_o each_o of_o which_o the_o sheriff_n have_v the_o manage_v of_o the_o act_n do_v there_o court_n folkmote_a or_o county_n court_n the_o meeting_n of_o the_o freeman_n in_o one_o place_n be_v call_v the_o folkmote_a by_o the_o saxon_n save_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o honourable_a reporter_n coke_n instit_fw-la 2._o p._n 69._o and_o of_o latter_a time_n the_o county_n court_n the_o work_n wherein_o be_v partly_o for_o consultation_n &_o direction_n concern_v the_o order_n of_o the_o county_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o peace_n thereof_o such_o as_o be_v redress_v of_o grievance_n election_n of_o officer_n prevention_n of_o danger_n etc._n etc._n and_o partly_o it_o be_v judicial_a 147._o miror_fw-la p._n 147._o in_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o common_a plea_n of_o the_o county_n the_o church_n affair_n and_o some_o trespass_n do_v therein_o but_o not_o matter_n criminal_a for_o the_o bishop_n be_v judge_n therein_o together_o with_o the_o sheriff_n and_o by_o the_o canon_n he_o be_v not_o to_o intermeddle_v in_o matter_n of_o blood_n yet_o neither_o be_v the_o bishop_n nor_o sheriff_n work_v in_o that_o court_n other_z then_z directory_n or_o declaratory_a for_o the_o freeman_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o the_o other_o do_v but_o edocere_fw-la jura_fw-la populo_fw-la 15._o ll._n canut_n miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 15._o yet_o in_o special_a case_n upon_o petition_n a_o commission_n issue_v forth_o from_o the_o king_n to_o certain_a judge_n of_o oier_n to_o join_v with_o the_o other_o in_o the_o hear_n and_o determine_v of_o such_o particular_a ease_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o but_o in_o case_n of_o injustice_n or_o error_n the_o party_n grieve_v have_v liberty_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n justice_n nor_o do_v the_o common_a plea_n original_o commence_v in_o the_o county_n court_n edgar_n ll._n canut_n ll._n edgar_n unless_o the_o party_n dwell_v in_o several_a liberty_n or_o hundred_o in_o the_o same_o county_n and_o in_o case_n any_o mistake_n be_v in_o the_o commence_v of_o suit_n in_o that_o court_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v upon_o complaint_n the_o king_n write_v reduce_v it_o to_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o in_o this_o also_o the_o king_n own_o court_n have_v no_o preeminence_n 22._o council_n brit._n p._n 197._o tit_n 22._o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n this_o county_n court_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v but_o twice_o a_o year_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o king_n edgar_n but_o upon_o urgent_a emergency_n often_o and_o that_o either_o by_o the_o king_n especial_a writ_n 35_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o or_o if_o the_o emergent_a occasion_n be_v sudden_a and_o important_a by_o extraordinary_a summons_n of_o ring_v the_o moot-bel_n unto_o this_o court_n all_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n assemble_v to_o learn_v the_o law_n to_o administer_v justice_n 35_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o to_o provide_v remedy_n for_o public_a inconvenience_n and_o to_o do_v their_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n before_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n upon_o oath_n and_o in_o the_o work_n of_o administer_a justice_n 4._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 4._o cause_n concern_v the_o church_n must_v have_v the_o precedency_n so_o as_o yet_o the_o canon_n law_n have_v not_o get_v foot_v in_o england_n the_o other_o court_n wherein_o the_o sheriff_n have_v the_o directory_n be_v in_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o free_a man_n in_o several_a
part_n of_o the_o county_n and_o this_o be_v ancient_o tear_v sheriff_n tear_v and_o now_o be_v call_v the_o sheriff_n tear_v which_o simple_o consider_v be_v but_o a_o hundred_o court_n 16._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 16._o or_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v to_o keep_v the_o hundred_o court_n it_o be_v order_v to_o be_v keep_v twice_o every_o year_n viz._n at_o the_o lady_n day_n and_o michaelmas_n 35_o ll._n edgar_n cap._n 5_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o or_o soon_o after_o unto_o this_o court_n all_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o hundred_o repair_v and_o there_o they_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n execute_v the_o same_o power_n and_o work_v for_o kind_n that_o they_o do_v in_o the_o county_n court_n 17._o ll._n canut_n p._n 2._o cap._n 17._o in_o this_o court_n all_o the_o suit_n in_o the_o hundred_o court_n depend_v have_v their_o determination_n and_o other_o have_v their_o commencement_n and_o proceed_n as_o well_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o other_o some_o have_v conceive_v it_o to_o be_v a_o county_n court_n or_o superior_a thereto_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n thereof_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o visitation_n of_o the_o county_n by_o parcel_n or_o in_o circuit_n chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o county_n into_o hundred_o and_o the_o officer_n and_o court_n thereto_o belong_v county_n be_v too_o great_a to_o meet_v upon_o every_o occasion_n and_o every_o occasion_n too_o mean_a to_o put_v the_o whole_a county_n to_o that_o charge_n and_o trouble_v and_o this_o induce_v subdivision_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o of_o the_o hundred_o now_o and_o also_o ancient_o so_o call_v but_o as_o ancient_a if_o not_o more_o be_v the_o name_n pagus_n for_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o german_n in_o the_o execute_n of_o their_o law_n tacitus_n tacitus_n a_o hundred_o of_o the_o free_a man_n join_v with_o the_o chief_a lord_n per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicosque_fw-la and_o in_o raise_v of_o force_n one_o hundred_o be_v select_v ex_fw-la singulis_fw-la pagis_fw-la which_o first_o be_v call_v centenarii_fw-la or_o hundreder_n from_o their_o number_n but_o use_v for_o a_o title_n of_o honour_n like_o the_o triarii_n and_o as_o a_o second_o hereunto_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o testimony_n of_o the_o council_n at_o berkhamsted_n which_o speak_v of_o the_o reduction_n of_o suit_n from_o the_o king_n court_n ad_fw-la pagi_fw-la vel_fw-la loci_fw-la praepositum_fw-la in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v render_v to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o hundred_o or_o burrough_n and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o germany_n their_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o circuit_n call_v centen_a or_o canton_n and_o centengriecht_a and_o the_o hundredere_fw-la they_o call_v centgraven_v or_o hundred_o chief_n 13._o cluer_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 13._o whether_o for_o government_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o for_o command_v in_o time_n of_o war_n the_o late_a whereof_o the_o word_n wapentake_n do_v not_o a_o little_a favour_n among_o these_o one_o be_v per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la call_v the_o centgrave_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o thereunto_o elect_v by_o the_o free_a man_n of_o that_o hundred_o and_o unto_o who_o they_o grant_v a_o stipend_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rent_n 54._o malmesb._n reg._n gest_n p_o 54._o call_v hundredsettena_n together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o same_o the_o division_n of_o the_o county_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v do_v by_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n thereof_o if_o polydore_v testimony_n may_v be_v admit_v and_o it_o may_v seem_v most_o likely_a that_o they_o rule_v their_o division_n at_o the_o first_o according_a to_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o do_v occasion_n the_o great_a inequality_n of_o the_o hundred_o at_o this_o day_n the_o government_n of_o the_o hundred_o rest_v at_o the_o first_o upon_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o hundredar_n but_o afterward_o by_o alfred_n they_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a 4._o ll._n alured_n cap._n 4._o because_o of_o the_o multitude_n and_o reduce_v to_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n and_o twelve_o of_o the_o hundred_o and_o these_o twelve_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v neither_o to_o condemn_v the_o innocent_a nor_o acquit_v the_o nocent_a this_o be_v the_o hundred_o court_n which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o every_o month_n and_o it_o be_v a_o mix_a court_n of_o common_a plea_n and_o crown_v plea_n 20_o ll._n edw._n 35_o ll._n aetheldr_n 1._o ll._n aethelst_n 20_o for_o the_o saxon_a law_n order_n that_o in_o it_o there_o shall_v be_v do_v justice_n to_o thief_n and_o the_o trial_n in_o divers_a case_n in_o that_o court_n be_v by_o ordeale_n their_o common_a plea_n be_v case_n of_o a_o middle_a nature_n as_o well_o concern_v ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o thing_n as_o secular_a 32_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 32_o for_o the_o great_a matter_n be_v by_o commission_n or_o the_o king_n write_v remove_v as_o i_o former_o observe_v saxon._n ll._n aetheldr_n cap._n 1._o lindenbrog_n ll._n allm._n &_o saxon._n all_o freeholder_n be_v bind_v to_o present_v themselves_o hereat_o and_o no_o soon_o do_v the_o defendant_n appear_v but_o he_o answer_v the_o matter_n charge_v against_o he_o and_o judgement_n pass_v before_o the_o court_n adjourn_v except_o in_o case_n where_o immediate_a proof_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v albeit_o it_o be_v hold_v unreasonable_a in_o those_o day_n to_o hold_v so_o hasty_a process_n and_o therefore_o the_o archb._n of_o york_n prefer_v the_o ecclesiastical_a or_o canonical_a way_n before_o this_o last_o in_o their_o meeting_n 155._o council_n brit._n p._n 273._o tacitus_n glossar_n 155._o as_o well_o at_o the_o hundred_o as_o county_n court_n they_o retain_v their_o ancient_a way_n of_o come_v arm_v chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o hundred_o into_o decennary_n this_o be_v the_o last_o subdivision_n of_o the_o county_n and_o that_o rest_v upon_o the_o person_n and_o it_o be_v either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o not_o so_o observable_a as_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o the_o roman_a story_n and_o therefore_o may_v rather_o be_v think_v a_o extract_n from_o moses_n law_n introduce_v by_o alfred_n or_o his_o direction_n i_o say_v this_o rest_v on_o the_o person_n and_o not_o upon_o the_o place_n for_o though_o the_o centeners_n be_v comprehend_v with_o certain_a bound_n yet_o the_o decenner_n be_v not_o limit_v but_o only_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o of_o these_o also_o it_o appear_v to_o i_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n for_o such_o matter_n of_o controversy_n that_o do_v arise_v among_o the_o decenner_n if_o of_o great_a moment_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o chief_a justice_n which_o be_v appoint_v super_fw-la decem_fw-la decanes_fw-la which_o i_o conceive_v be_v ten_o chief_a pledge_n and_o these_o may_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o centeners_n although_o they_o be_v not_o the_o centgraven_v and_o the_o rather_o i_o incline_v thereto_o because_o in_o all_o probability_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v above_o one_o hundred_o freeholder_n in_o hundredo_n and_o all_o free_a man_n be_v decenner_n 19_o ll._n canut_n c._n 19_o that_o be_v rank_v into_o several_a ten_o each_o one_o be_v pledge_n for_o other_o good_a bear_n and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n to_o answer_v it_o before_o the_o judge_n and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n of_o appearance_n his_o nine_o pledge_n shall_v have_v one_o and_o thirty_o day_n to_o bring_v the_o delinquent_n forth_o to_o justice_n if_o this_o fail_v than_o the_o chief_a of_o those_o decenner_n by_o the_o vote_n of_o that_o and_o the_o neighbour_n decennary_n be_v to_o purge_v himself_o and_o his_o fellow_n pledge_n both_o of_o the_o guilt_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o of_o be_v party_n to_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o if_o they_o can_v not_o this_o do_v than_o be_v they_o by_o their_o own_o oath_n to_o acquit_v themselves_o and_o to_o bind_v themselves_o to_o bring_v the_o delinquent_n to_o justice_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v &_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o pay_v the_o damage_n out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o if_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a then_o out_o of_o their_o own_o estate_n but_o if_o the_o delinquent_n estate_n be_v sufficient_a the_o surplusage_n thereof_o remain_v with_o the_o pledge_n and_o last_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n be_v a_o pledge_n for_o his_o whole_a family_n 28_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 15_o ll._n canut_n c._n 28_o this_o be_v the_o law_n of_o decenner_n and_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v somewhat_o a_o rigorous_a law_n not_o only_o in_o case_n of_o delinquency_n but_o also_o for_o their_o abode_n for_o none_o of_o they_o may_v depart_v from_o their_o dwell_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o fellow_n pledge_n 15._o ll._n alured_n cap._n 33._o ll._n canut_n p._n 2._o cap._n
law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n which_o recite_v it_o as_o a_o custom_n in_o his_o time_n use_v 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n with_o other_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o that_o county_n be_v there_o present_a as_o assistant_n in_o directory_n of_o judgement_n and_o that_o in_o order_n be_v handle_v first_o matter_n of_o the_o church_n second_o crown_n plea_n three_o and_o last_o common_a plea_n however_o therefore_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a they_o either_o act_v not_o at_o all_o or_o so_o cooly_a as_o the_o current_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v too_o strong_a but_o most_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a till_o they_o be_v settle_v in_o their_o throne_n and_o afterward_o please_v themselves_o for_o by_o the_o general_a thread_n of_o story_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o clergy_n in_o those_o time_n be_v more_o fear_v then_o love_v and_o therefore_o riden_v with_o a_o straight_a rein_fw-mi the_o prelacy_n on_o the_o contrary_n grow_v unruly_a yet_o too_o weak_a for_o the_o rugged_a spirit_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o be_v quiet_a and_o the_o pope_n himself_o to_o drive_v fair_a and_o soft_o as_o judge_v it_o expedient_a potestatem_fw-la regalem_fw-la mitius_fw-la tractandam_fw-la 9_o greg_n epist_n l._n 9_o and_o continue_v that_o course_n and_o posture_n till_o the_o calm_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 95._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4_o p._n 95._o wherein_o they_o mend_v their_o pace_n and_o get_v that_o without_o noise_n which_o they_o have_v long_o strive_v for_o viz._n the_o preeminence_n and_o presidency_n in_o the_o synod_n though_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v present_a and_o if_o the_o historian_n write_v advise_o the_o whole_a ordain_v or_o legislative_a power_n for_o so_o run_v the_o stile_n or_o phrase_n of_o the_o author_n archiepiscopi_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la in_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o if_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o people_n be_v but_o as_o a_o great_a amen_o at_o the_o common_a prayer_n after_o the_o old_a stamp_n to_o set_v a_o good_a colour_n upon_o a_o doubtful_a matter_n to_o make_v it_o go_v down_o the_o better_a how_o the_o king_n brook_v this_o draught_n i_o can_v say_v but_o it_o have_v make_v the_o kingdom_n stagger_v ever_o since_o and_o it_o may_v be_v fear_v will_v hardly_o recover_v its_o perfect_a wit_n so_o long_o as_o the_o brain_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n thus_o lie_v divide_v in_o several_a cels._n chap._n xlviii_o of_o the_o several_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n by_o province_n march_n county_n hundred_o burrough_n lordship_n and_o decennary_n have_v the_o norman_n own_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o conquest_n doubtless_o their_o mother_n wit_n must_v needs_o have_v teach_v they_o the_o expediency_n of_o preserve_v the_o particular_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n entire_a and_o unquash_v if_o they_o regard_v either_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o conquest_n or_o reward_v of_o their_o partner_n and_o ally_n unless_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v unto_o conquerous_a to_o be_v more_o honourable_a for_o they_o to_o do_v what_o they_o will_v rather_o than_o what_o be_v meet_v but_o hereof_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o question_n in_o this_o present_a subject_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o wales_n enjoy_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o for_o age_n after_o he_o its_o ancient_a liberty_n tribute_n except_v nor_o do_v conquest_n ever_o come_v so_o nigh_o to_o their_o border_n as_o to_o trench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_n for_o as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o state_n nonsense_n to_o have_v hold_v two_o people_n under_o conquest_n and_o their_o march_n in_o freedom_n or_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o good_a neighbourhood_n by_o march_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o conquest_n be_v make_v one_o so_o be_v it_o no_o less_o vain_a if_o all_o have_v be_v once_o subdue_v by_o conquest_n to_o have_v raise_v up_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_v any_o more_o and_o as_o they_o have_v less_o cause_n to_o have_v invade_v the_o bound_n and_o ancient_a limit_n and_o partition_n of_o the_o county_n court_n county_z court_n so_o questionless_a have_v they_o so_o do_v they_o will_v have_v take_v the_o old_a course_n of_o the_o micklemote_a 96._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4._o p._n 96._o as_o they_o do_v divide_v the_o diocese_n of_o lincoln_n into_o two_o diocese_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n prince_n and_o other_o wise_a and_o holy_a man_n 6._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 6._o and_o turn_v the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n into_o a_o bishop_n see_n but_o it_o be_v their_o wisdom_n to_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a landmark_n and_o no_o less_o both_o wisdom_n and_o care_n to_o continue_v their_o due_a privilege_n and_o interest_n to_o each_o every_o county_n have_v its_o court_n 42._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o &_o 42._o and_o every_o court_n its_o wont_a jurisdiction_n no_o complaint_n must_v be_v to_o the_o king_n court_n if_o right_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o county_n no_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v but_o by_o warrant_n from_o the_o county_n and_o that_o must_v be_v after_o complaint_n thrice_o make_v the_o county_n court_n must_v be_v call_v as_o our_o ancestor_n have_v appoint_v 64._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 64._o such_o as_o will_v not_o come_v as_o they_o ought_v shall_v be_v first_o summon_v and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n destrain_v at_o the_o four_o default_n the_o complainant_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v out_o of_o the_o distress_n so_o take_v and_o the_o king_n also_o for_o his_o fine_a these_o be_v the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n own_o establishment_n 64._o ibid._n c._n 64._o the_o last_o of_o which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o another_o express_a law_n save_v that_o he_o will_v allow_v but_o of_o two_o summons_n and_o two_o distress_n before_o execution_n and_o as_o it_o be_v one_o principal_a work_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v the_o law_n into_o course_n which_o have_v be_v intermit_v during_o the_o violent_a time_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n the_o first_o of_o who_o never_o have_v liberty_n for_o reformation_n and_o the_o latter_a never_o have_v will_n so_o among_o other_o law_n he_o settle_v those_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o namely_o that_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o chief_a man_n shall_v be_v present_a for_o direction_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v once_o each_o month_n 3._o that_o the_o church_n matter_n shall_v precede_v and_o then_o the_o crown_n plea_n and_o last_o the_o common_a plea_n beside_o some_o other_o particular_n concern_v plead_v and_o proceed_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o cause_n neither_o be_v these_o cause_n of_o a_o petty_a regard_n only_o but_o of_o great_a concernment_n one_o example_n i_o shall_v remember_v the_o reader_n of_o 197._o epicil_n 197._o and_o not_o recite_v in_o terminis_fw-la but_o refer_v to_o mr_n selden_n own_o pen._n the_o occasion_n be_v this_o odo_n the_o conqueror_n half_a brother_n be_v by_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o kent_n and_o therewith_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o a_o large_a teritory_n in_o kent_n and_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o king_n displeasure_n at_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n stigand_n stigand_n possess_v himself_o by_o disseisin_n of_o divers_a land_n and_o tenement_n belong_v to_o that_o see_v lanfrank_n the_o succeed_a archbishop_n be_v inform_v hereof_o petition_v to_o the_o king_n that_o justice_n may_v be_v do_v he_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o the_o king_n send_v forth_o his_o writ_n to_o summon_v a_o county_n court_n the_o debate_n last_v three_o day_n before_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o chief_a man_n bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o other_o skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o the_o judgement_n pass_v for_o the_o archbishop_n lanfrank_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o free_a man_n this_o county_n court_n be_v hold_v by_o special_a summons_n and_o not_o by_o adjournment_n as_o be_v allowable_a by_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o special_a occasion_n and_o this_o suit_n be_v original_o begin_v and_o have_v its_o final_a determination_n in_o the_o county_n court_n and_o not_o bring_v by_o a_o tolt_n out_o of_o the_o hundred_o court_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o a_o honourable_a reporter_n nor_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n can_v the_o suit_n commence_v in_o the_o hundred_o because_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n do_v lie_v in_o several_a hundred_o and_o county_n the_o upshot_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o county_n court_v in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o two_o of_o the_o great_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n one_o a_o norman_a the_o other_o a_o italian_a do_v cast_v a_o title_n
the_o conquest_n and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o several_a king_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o great_a eminency_n for_o birth_n or_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n and_o advancement_n into_o place_n of_o government_n and_o honour_n these_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o flower_n of_o the_o people_n flourish_v only_o from_o the_o honour_n that_o ascend_v from_o beneath_o their_o deportment_n then_o be_v full_a of_o cheer_n and_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n after_o that_o royalty_n spring_v up_o the_o influence_n thereof_o upon_o they_o exhale_v such_o a_o reciprocal_a interest_n back_o again_o as_o make_v they_o less_o regardful_a of_o their_o own_o root_n whereas_o we_o see_v the_o more_o mature_a flower_n be_v the_o more_o propence_n to_o turn_v head_n and_o look_v downward_o to_o their_o own_o original_n this_o distemper_n be_v yet_o much_o worse_o by_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o nobility_n beside_o their_o title_n of_o honour_n in_o their_o own_o country_n obtain_v by_o custom_n such_o command_n and_o power_n among_o the_o mean_a sort_n be_v soldier_n under_o they_o in_o time_n of_o the_o service_n in_o the_o field_n that_o when_o the_o war_n have_v breathe_v out_o their_o last_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v forget_v or_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o lay_v aside_o this_o be_v observe_v by_o king_n and_o advantage_n espy_v to_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o monarchy_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o great_a man_n who_o if_o they_o can_v make_v their_o own_o all_o will_v be_v they_o and_o wherein_o they_o have_v prevail_v much_o more_o than_o they_o do_v if_o they_o have_v be_v wise_a enough_o to_o have_v maintain_v they_o in_o unity_n but_o in_o that_o fail_n king_n be_v necessitate_v to_o take_v party_n and_o serve_v the_o nobility_n to_o save_v the_o main_a and_o thus_o continue_v they_o a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o norman_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n well_o nigh_o to_o the_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o king_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o benefit_n of_o none_o but_o the_o lord_n who_o in_o those_o unquiet_a time_n be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o field_n this_o error_n of_o king_n be_v soon_o espy_v but_o can_v not_o be_v avoid_v its_o natural_a to_o man_n to_o be_v proud_a and_o to_o such_o to_o fall_v into_o contention_n another_o course_n therefore_o be_v take_v viz._n to_o raise_v up_o some_o so_o high_a as_o may_v overtop_v all_o and_o keep_v they_o under_o nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o without_o reason_n for_o king_n be_v no_o ubiquitary_n and_o some_o must_v bear_v their_o power_n where_o they_o can_v be_v personal_o present_a yet_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o bestow_v too_o much_o upon_o one_o man_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n fit_v to_o be_v a_o king_n but_o himself_o that_o be_v a_o king_n and_o where_o king_n be_v immoderate_a in_o bestow_v power_n it_o many_o time_n work_v much_o woe_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o seldom_o sorrow_n to_o the_o king_n themselves_o the_o place_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n be_v in_o show_v but_o one_o office_n yet_o in_o these_o time_n be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant-generall_a throughout_o the_o kingdom_n a_o power_n and_o work_v too_o great_a for_o any_o one_o man_n in_o the_o world_n that_o can_v make_v no_o deputy_n to_o manage_v it_o 14._o hoveden_n 443_o 375._o nubr_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 14._o and_o yet_o in_o those_o time_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o one_o man_n make_v up_o of_o a_o archbishop_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n or_o a_o bishop_n a_o lord_n chancellor_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o government_n must_v that_o needs_o be_v wherein_o the_o servant_n throne_n be_v above_o his_o master_n and_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v a_o plenitudinary_a power_n beyond_o that_o which_o his_o lord_n and_o king_n be_v as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a plurality_n the_o great_a man_n of_o england_n keep_v the_o commons_o below_o and_o themselves_o above_o and_o probable_o render_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n more_o aristocratical_a then_o in_o after_o age_n and_o if_o their_o personal_a authority_n be_v of_o such_o value_n how_o much_o rather_o in_o their_o joint_a assembly_n or_o court_n of_o council_n concern_v which_o i_o must_v agree_v that_o as_o in_o their_o original_n in_o germany_n they_o do_v consult_v and_o determine_v of_o the_o mean_a matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o matter_n concern_v property_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o their_o most_o ordinary_a work_v meeting_n of_o judge_n or_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o also_o matter_n of_o defensive_a war_n because_o themselves_o be_v the_o commander_n and_o last_o in_o matter_n of_o sudden_a concernment_n to_o the_o state_n not_o only_o to_o serve_v as_o eye_n to_o foresee_v but_o to_o provide_v also_o if_o they_o can_v or_o otherwise_o to_o call_v in_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o people_n advice_n so_o also_o they_o continue_v this_o course_n and_o it_o may_v be_v now_o and_o then_o as_o all_o counsel_n have_v do_v strain_v their_o endeavour_n beyond_o their_o reach_n especal_o since_o the_o norman_n entrance_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o king_n and_o without_o the_o commons_o have_v make_v many_o law_n and_o constitution_n some_o of_o which_o now_o be_v call_v statute_n although_o many_o of_o they_o in_o truth_n be_v no_o other_o than_o rule_v for_o judicature_n which_o ordinary_a court_n may_v frame_v or_o judgement_n in_o particular_a case_n such_o as_o be_v the_o constitution_n at_o clarindon_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o many_o other_o law_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lord_n nor_o can_v i_o look_v upon_o such_o law_n otherwise_o then_o as_o upon_o judgement_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o new_a point_n of_o controversy_n ground_v upon_o ancient_a ground_n which_o proper_o be_v not_o new_a law_n but_o the_o ancient_a rule_n apply_v to_o new_a particular_n and_o be_v so_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n may_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o law_n ordinance_n constitution_n or_o judgement_n the_o word_n statute_n be_v of_o late_a time_n take_v up_o and_o use_v in_o a_o more_o restrictive_a sense_n of_o which_o more_o in_o their_o due_a place_n now_o that_o this_o court_n be_v a_o settle_a court_n of_o judicature_n 1175._o hoveden_n an._n 1175._o and_o so_o use_v may_v appear_v in_o that_o fine_n be_v levy_v therein_o and_o writ_n of_o right_n determine_v as_o in_o that_o great_a case_n between_o the_o two_o king_n of_o navarr_n and_o castille_n ibid._n ibid._n refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o try_v in_o this_o court_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o plea_n and_o if_o need_v whereby_o battle_n the_o judge_n in_o this_o court_n be_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n for_o the_o entry_n of_o judgement_n in_o that_o great_a case_n be_v thus_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regalis_fw-la curiae_fw-la angliae_fw-la adjudicaverunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o as_o though_o doubtless_o many_o be_v absent_a some_o be_v enemy_n other_o discontent_v other_o upon_o other_o occasion_n yet_o all_o may_v claim_v their_o vote_n as_o baron_n the_o precedent_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o chief_a justice_n or_o if_o the_o king_n be_v present_a then_o himself_o and_o by_o he_o be_v the_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n declare_v according_a to_o the_o entry_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a habito_fw-la concilio_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la adjudicavimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o honour_n of_o this_o court_n be_v great_a so_o long_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n or_o care_n to_o attend_v thereon_o but_o when_o king_n begin_v to_o have_v private_a interest_n they_o will_v have_v these_o to_o be_v more_o private_a counsel_n which_o weaken_v the_o esteem_n of_o conclusion_n that_o there_o pass_v and_o reduce_v the_o honour_n thereof_o scarce_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o conventicle_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o necessity_n of_o call_v together_o the_o whole_a body_n representative_a be_v make_v more_o frequent_a the_o power_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n decay_v and_o this_o court_n forfeit_v all_o its_o juridical_a power_n to_o the_o three_o court_n at_o westminster_n viz._n the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n and_o exchequer_n save_v still_o the_o supreme_a judicature_n unto_o the_o grand_a convention_n of_o estate_n in_o parliament_n where_o all_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n of_o meeting_n and_o free_a
in_o the_o law_n 2._o cap._n 2._o right_n of_o tithe_n of_o a_o lay_v fee_n or_o where_o the_o tenure_n be_v in_o question_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court_n plea_n of_o debt_n by_o trothplight_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court._n 3._o cap._n 3._o these_o be_v saxon_a law_n and_o do_v intimate_v that_o it_o be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o get_v the_o sole_a cognisance_n of_o tithe_n because_o they_o be_v original_o their_o due_n and_o of_o the_o debt_n by_o trothplight_n because_o that_o oath_n seem_v to_o relate_v much_o to_o religion_n whereof_o they_o hold_v themselves_o the_o only_a professor_n the_o king_n justice_n shall_v reform_v errourr_n of_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o crime_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n 4._o cap._n 4._o appeal_v shall_v be_v from_o archdeacon_n court_n to_o the_o bishop_n court_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o archbishop_n court_n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n court_n and_o there_o the_o sentence_n to_o be_v final_a no_o man_n that_o ever_o be_v acquaint_v with_o antiquity_n will_v question_v that_o these_o be_v receive_v law_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n nor_o do_v the_o clergy_n ever_o quarrel_v they_o till_o the_o norman_n teach_v they_o by_o courtesy_n do_v to_o rome_n to_o expect_v more_o from_o king_n then_o for_o the_o present_a they_o will_v grant_v whereof_o see_v cap._n 47._o but_o king_n steven_n that_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o clergy_n for_o his_o crown_n and_o can_v not_o otherwise_o content_v they_o part_v with_o this_o jewel_n of_o supreme_a power_n in_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a to_o the_o roman_a cognisance_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v but_o henry_n the_o second_o will_v none_o of_o this_o cheat_n at_o so_o easy_a a_o rate_n this_o strike_v so_o smart_a a_o blow_n as_o though_o the_o popedom_n have_v but_o new_o recover_v out_o of_o a_o paralitique_a schism_n yet_o see_v it_o so_o main_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o triple_a crown_n alexander_n the_o pope_n have_v late_o be_v blood_v against_o a_o brave_a emperor_n make_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o stickle_v with_o a_o valiant_a king_n who_o in_o conclusion_n be_v fain_o to_o yield_v up_o the_o buckler_n and_o let_v the_o pope_n hold_v what_o he_o have_v get_v notwithstanding_o against_o this_o law_n and_o all_o former_a law_n and_o custom_n and_o thus_o the_o pope_n supremacy_n in_o spiritual_a cause_n be_v secure_v both_o by_o a_o recovery_n and_o judgement_n by_o confession_n thereupon_o clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v vacance_n of_o church_n 6._o cap._n 6._o and_o power_n to_o elect_v by_o his_o secret_a council_n the_o party_n elect_v shall_v do_v homage_n salvo_fw-la ordine_fw-la and_o then_o shall_v be_v consecrate_v this_o certain_o be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n not_o altogether_o against_o reason_n although_o not_o suitable_a to_o opinion_n of_o many_o yet_o we_o meet_v two_o alteration_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n first_o that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v by_o the_o king_n and_o secret_a council_n whereas_o former_o the_o election_n of_o bishop_n and_o archbishop_n be_v of_o such_o public_a concernment_n as_o the_o parliament_n take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o that_o which_o be_v worse_a a_o council_n be_v hereby_o allow_v call_v a_o secret_a council_n which_o in_o effect_n be_v a_o council_n to_o serve_v the_o king_n private_a aim_n and_o unto_o this_o council_n power_n give_v in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n without_o advice_n of_o the_o public_a council_n of_o lord_n which_o be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o state_n in_o former_a time_n and_o thus_o the_o public_a affair_n be_v make_v to_o correspond_v with_o the_o king_n private_a interest_n which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o much_o irregularity_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o island_n ever_o since_o the_o second_o alteration_n rest_v in_o the_o salvo_fw-la which_o be_v a_o clause_n never_o former_o allow_v unless_o by_o practice_n in_o stevens_n time_n when_o as_o there_o be_v little_a regard_n of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o nor_o do_v it_o concur_v with_o the_o file_n of_o story_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v insert_v within_o these_o constitution_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n see_v that_o writer_n agree_v it_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o quarrel_n between_o he_o and_o becket_n who_o refuse_v submission_n without_o the_o clause_n and_o at_o which_o the_o king_n stooke_v with_o the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n which_o be_v six_o year_n after_o the_o constitution_n be_v consent_v unto_o and_o conclude_v upon_o 7._o cap._n 7._o no_o clergy_n man_n or_o other_o may_v depart_v the_o realm_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o must_v be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o no_o reason_n of_o state_n can_v allow_v dispensation_n therein_o especial_o in_o a_o doubtful_a government_n where_o the_o supremacy_n be_v in_o dispute_n and_o this_o the_o wilful_a archbishop_n never_o question_v till_o he_o question_v all_o authority_n but_o in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o for_o but_o the_o year_n before_o when_o he_o go_v to_o turonn_n to_o the_o general_a council_n upon_o summons_n paris_n m._n paris_n he_o first_o obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o king_n before_o he_o go_v no_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n or_o interdiction_n to_o pass_v against_o the_o king_n tenant_n or_o any_o minister_n of_o state_n 8._o cap._n 8._o without_o licence_n first_o have_v of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n till_o the_o conquest_n no_o excommunication_n pass_v without_o warrant_n of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o joint_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o clergy_n but_o the_o conqueror_n have_v let_v loose_v the_o canon_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n and_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o upper_a hand_n in_o counsel_n make_v canon_n as_o they_o please_v and_o so_o the_o laity_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o voluntary_a power_n of_o the_o canon_n cap._n vid._n cap._n only_o as_o well_o the_o norman_n as_o until_o these_o time_n king_n have_v save_v their_o own_o associate_n from_o that_o sudden_a blow_n and_o upon_o reason_n of_o religious_a observance_n lest_o the_o king_n shall_v converse_v with_o excommunicate_a person_n ere_o he_o be_v aware_a the_o laity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v proceed_v against_o in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n 9_o cap._n 9_o but_o upon_o proof_n by_o witness_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o where_o no_o witness_n be_v the_o sheriff_n shall_v try_v the_o matter_n by_o jury_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n a_o negative_a law_n that_o impli_v another_o course_n be_v use_v upon_o light_a fame_n or_o suspicion_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la although_o the_o oath_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o bear_v into_o the_o world_n and_o that_o all_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o intimate_v a_o ground_n of_o prohibition_n in_o all_o such_o case_n upon_o the_o common_a law_n which_o also_o be_v the_o ancient_a course_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n as_o have_v be_v former_o note_v excommunicate_v person_n shall_v be_v compel_v only_o to_o give_v pledge_n and_o not_o oath_n 10._o cap._n 10._o or_o bail_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n upon_o the_o take_n and_o imprison_v of_o the_o party_n excommunicate_a clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n the_o course_n ancient_o be_v it_o seem_v to_o give_v pledge_n to_o stand_v to_o order_n of_o this_o the_o bishop_n be_v weary_a soon_o as_o it_o seem_v and_o therefore_o wave_v it_o and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o other_o invention_n of_o their_o own_o viz._n to_o bind_v they_o by_o oath_n or_o bail_n both_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n for_o no_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v administer_v but_o by_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o do_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n to_o order_v oath_n or_o bail_n and_o therefore_o this_o law_n become_v a_o ground_n of_o prohibition_n in_o such_o case_n and_o of_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr cautione_n admittenda_fw-la 11._o cap._n 11._o person_n cite_v and_o make_v default_n may_v be_v interdict_v and_o the_o king_n officer_n shall_v compel_v he_o to_o obey_v if_o the_o king_n officer_n make_v default_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o then_o the_o party_n interdict_v may_v be_v excommunicate_v so_o as_o the_o process_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n be_v to_o be_v regulate_v according_a to_o law_n nor_o do_v it_o lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o such_o court_n to_o order_v their_o own_o way_n or_o to_o scatter_v the_o censure_n of_o excommunication_n according_a to_o their_o own_o like_n this_o together_o with_o all_o those_o that_o forego_v the_o archbishop_n upon_o his_o repentance_n absolute_o
the_o clergyman_n then_o his_o richard_n be_v yet_o a_o great_a burden_n his_o reign_n be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o and_o he_o deserve_v it_o for_o from_o the_o begin_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n can_v never_o the_o guilt_n of_o his_o disobedience_n to_o his_o father_n be_v blot_v out_o but_o it_o be_v more_o troublesome_a to_o the_o people_n because_o it_o cost_v so_o much_o treasure_n be_v manage_v by_o such_o ill_a governor_n except_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o be_v unsuccesfull_a in_o most_o of_o his_o undertake_n yet_o never_o invade_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o by_o any_o face_n of_o prerogative_n but_o what_o want_v in_o he_o be_v make_v complete_a and_o run_v over_o in_o his_o successor_n john_n who_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o most_o moderate_a sense_n of_o his_o government_n be_v give_v over_o to_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v not_o himself_o rob_v the_o lord_n of_o their_o authority_n bereave_v the_o church_n of_o its_o right_n tread_v under_o foot_n the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n waste_v his_o own_o prerogative_n and_o have_v bring_v all_o thing_n into_o despair_n come_v a_o desperate_a cure_n the_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o to_o save_v the_o body_n and_o a_o precedent_n leave_v for_o they_o that_o listen_v to_o take_v it_o up_o in_o future_a age_n and_o thus_o that_o which_o steven_n give_v henry_n the_o second_o lose_v richard_n the_o first_o will_v not_o regain_v and_o john_n can_v not_o and_o so_o all_o be_v gainer_n but_o the_o crown_n chap._n lxi_o of_o judicature_n the_o court_n and_o their_o judge_n it_o be_v no_o silent_a argument_n that_o the_o commons_o gain_v where_o law_n grow_v into_o course_n and_o it_o be_v the_o lot_n of_o these_o troublesome_a time_n to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o a_o constant_a government_n such_o as_o all_o man_n may_v learn_v which_o former_o be_v lay_v up_o only_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o wise_a experience_a man_n the_o two_o most_o considerable_a point_n in_o government_n be_v the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n the_o latter_a be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o former_a and_o that_o of_o the_o commonweal_n i_o say_v not_o that_o the_o law_n be_v augment_v in_o the_o body_n of_o it_o or_o that_o the_o execution_n have_v a_o free_a course_n than_o in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o former_a time_n but_o both_o be_v more_o and_o more_o clear_v to_o the_o world_n in_o many_o particular_n as_o well_o touch_v matter_n concern_v practice_n of_o the_o law_n as_o touch_v rule_n of_o righteousness_n for_o the_o first_o whereof_o we_o be_v behold_v to_o glanvile_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o for_o the_o latter_a to_o king_n john_n or_o rather_o the_o baron_n in_o his_o time_n in_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n or_o a_o enumeration_n of_o the_o liberty_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n revive_v continue_a and_o confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o their_o successor_n which_o for_o the_o present_a i_o shall_v leave_v in_o lance_n dubio_fw-la to_o stand_v or_o fall_v till_o occasion_n shall_v be_v of_o clear_v the_o point_n in_o regard_n that_o king_n john_n soon_o repent_v of_o his_o oath_n the_o bond_n of_o his_o consent_n and_o to_o heal_v the_o wound_n get_v the_o pope_n pardon_n and_o blessing_n thereupon_o so_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o a_o son_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n to_o pass_v for_o a_o good_a catholic_a in_o a_o unrighteous_a way_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n be_v do_v in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o affair_n whereof_o some_o concern_v matter_n of_o crime_n &_o penalty_n and_o this_o touch_v the_o king_n honour_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o person_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o be_v say_v to_o be_v contra_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o second_o sort_n concern_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o people_n these_o three_o work_n be_v appoint_v unto_o three_o several_a court_n who_o have_v their_o several_a judge_n especial_o appoint_v to_o that_o work_n original_o they_o be_v in_o one_o viz._n in_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n the_o court_n of_o lord_n whereof_o former_o be_v speak_v but_o after_o through_o increase_n of_o affair_n by_o they_o depute_v or_o commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o several_a man_n that_o be_v man_n of_o skill_n in_o such_o affair_n and_o yet_o retain_v the_o supremacy_n in_o all_o such_o cause_n still_o and_o because_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o public_a treasure_n be_v of_o more_o public_a regard_n then_o the_o other_o the_o deputation_n thereof_o be_v commit_v probable_o to_o some_o of_o their_o own_o member_n gloss_n gloss_n who_o in_o those_o day_n be_v baron_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o afterward_o retain_v the_o title_n but_o not_o the_o degree_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v for_o distinction_n sake_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o particular_a time_n of_o these_o deputation_n appear_v not_o clear_o out_o of_o any_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v clear_a to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v before_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n as_o well_o because_o henry_n the_o first_o have_v his_o judex_n fiscalis_fw-la 24._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c_o 24._o as_o glanvile_n so_o frequent_o touch_v upon_o the_o king_n court_n of_o plea_n which_o can_v be_v intend_v at_o the_o court_n of_o lord_n for_o that_o in_o those_o day_n be_v never_o summon_v but_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n or_o some_o other_o special_a occasion_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o the_o historian_n speak_v of_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a recite_v some_o to_o be_v of_o the_o common_a plea_n hoveden_n hoveden_n which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o distinction_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o judicature_n and_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v conceive_v that_o this_o distinction_n of_o judicature_n be_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o parliament_n after_o that_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n be_v lay_v aside_o by_o king_n and_o a_o privy_a council_n take_v up_o unto_o who_o can_v not_o regular_o belong_v any_o juridical_a power_n because_o that_o remain_v original_o in_o the_o grand_a assembly_n of_o the_o lord_n over_o these_o court_n or_o two_o of_o they_o one_o man_n have_v the_o prime_a title_n of_o chief_a justice_n who_o then_o be_v call_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o who_o office_n be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o all_o cause_n and_o place_n as_o well_o in_o war_n as_o peace_n and_o sometime_o be_v appoint_v to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o have_v the_o name_n only_o of_o that_o part_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o other_o part_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o office_n be_v such_o as_o the_o man_n for_o necessity_n of_o state_n be_v continual_o resident_a at_o the_o court_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n court_n be_v much_o attend_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n which_o prove_v in_o after_o time_n as_o grievous_a to_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v burdensome_a to_o the_o people_n other_o judge_n there_o be_v which_o be_v choose_v for_o their_o learning_n and_o experience_n most_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o clergy_n as_o be_v also_o the_o under_o officer_n of_o those_o court_n for_o those_o time_n be_v rome_n hour_n and_o the_o power_n of_o darkness_n other_o court_n also_o be_v in_o the_o country_n and_o be_v vicontiel_n or_o cours_n of_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o hundred_o and_o corporation_n and_o lordship_n as_o former_o and_o these_o be_v settle_v in_o some_o place_n hoveden_n hoveden_n but_o other_o there_o be_v which_o werr_v itinerant_a over_o which_o certain_a judge_n preside_v which_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n and_o send_v by_o commission_n from_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n then_o divide_v into_o six_o circuit_n unto_o each_o of_o which_o be_v assign_v three_o justice_n so_o as_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o justice_n than_o be_v eighteen_o the_o office_n be_v before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n over_o hither_o but_o the_o assignation_n be_v new_a as_o also_o be_v their_o oath_n for_o they_o be_v swear_v but_o the_o number_n continue_v not_o long_o for_o within_o four_o year_n the_o king_n redivide_v the_o land_n into_o four_o circuit_n and_o unto_o each_o circuit_n assign_v five_o justice_n make_v in_o the_o whole_a the_o number_n of_o twenty_o and_o one_o justice_n for_o the_o northern_a circuit_n have_v six_o justice_n which_o the_o king_n make_v justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n 445._o hoveden_n 337._o ibid._n 445._o neither_o yet_o do_v the_o first_o commission_n continue_v so_o long_o
the_o king_n high_a way_n or_o open_a street_n but_o by_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o special_a writ_n because_o distress_n be_v incident_a to_o service_n and_o that_o be_v due_a as_o from_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o by_o common_a right_n the_o same_o must_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o fee_n and_o such_o as_o owe_v service_n in_o the_o same_o but_o the_o high_a way_n or_o open_a street_n be_v more_o proper_o a_o franchise_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n although_o the_o soil_n haply_o may_v be_v the_o lord_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o old_a law_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v under_o the_o king_n safeguard_n inae_fw-la ll._n inae_fw-la sit_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la per_fw-la commune_v vias_fw-la and_o no_o violence_n must_v be_v there_o tolerate_v but_o by_o the_o king_n especial_a writ_n which_o presuppose_v the_o especial_a notice_n take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o occasion_n a_o moderation_n also_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o take_n of_o the_o distress_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v excessive_a and_o also_o in_o keep_v thereof_o for_o if_o the_o owner_n will_v he_o may_v replevy_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a course_n 12._o marlb_n cap_n 21._o glanvil_n lib._n 12_o cap._n 12._o and_o the_o sheriff_n must_v grant_v replevy_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v although_o former_o no_o replevy_n be_v without_o special_a writ_n and_o yet_o they_o also_o not_o always_o ready_o obey_v for_o the_o time_n be_v such_o as_o the_o lord_n be_v bold_a with_o the_o king_n court_n and_o minister_n and_o refuse_v the_o order_n of_o the_o law_n now_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o the_o matter_n concern_v contempt_n of_o the_o king_n authority_n a_o fine_a be_v set_v upon_o the_o offender_n but_o in_o case_n it_o concern_v only_o a_o tort_n do_v to_o the_o party_n he_o be_v amerce_v the_o one_o be_v call_v redemption_n because_o the_o penalty_n otherwise_o must_v lie_v upon_o the_o person_n 3._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 3._o if_o it_o be_v not_o redeem_v by_o pecuniary_a fine_a the_o other_o be_v call_v amercement_n which_o be_v original_o a_o satisfaction_n unto_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o recompense_n out_o of_o the_o personal_a estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 12._o distric_n scac._n artic._n mag_z cart_n cap._n 12._o three_o as_o touch_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v of_o plough_n beast_n or_o sheep_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o damage_n fesant_n if_o other_o distress_n may_v be_v have_v for_o the_o law_n have_v a_o care_n of_o such_o cattle_n as_o be_v most_o of_o public_a concernment_n and_o which_o be_v the_o main_a stock_n of_o subsistence_n so_o far_o as_o justice_n will_v allow_v and_o therefore_o the_o unjust_a take_n of_o any_o man_n cat-tail_n by_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o penalty_n that_o unjust_a distress_n be_v 16._o west_n 1._o cap._n 16._o four_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v sell_v no_o not_o in_o the_o king_n case_n till_o fifteen_o day_n be_v pass_v after_o it_o be_v take_v scac._n marlbr_n cap._n 4._o distric_n scac._n nor_o must_v it_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o county_n but_o it_o must_v be_v so_o impound_v as_o the_o owner_n may_v come_v to_o feed_v it_o and_o it_o must_v be_v discharge_v if_o the_o owner_n give_v security_n of_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n 12._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 12._o five_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o distress_n must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o therefore_o not_o for_o other_o suit_n then_o by_o the_o feoffment_n be_v due_a or_o else_o by_o prescription_n and_o in_o case_n many_o be_v joint_o seize_v 9_o marlbr_n cap._n 9_o the_o suit_n shall_v be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o rest_n shall_v contribute_v 22._o cap._n 22._o nor_o must_v any_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o show_v his_o title_n to_o his_o land_n by_o distress_n 13._o cap._n 13._o the_o common_a plea_n shall_v be_v hold_v in_o one_o certain_a place_n the_o office_n of_o judge_n of_o the_o common-plea_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n distinct_a and_o several_a from_o that_o of_o the_o crown_n plea_n nor_o though_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n may_v execute_v both_o authority_n do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n as_o if_o be_v judge_n he_o have_v thereby_o power_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o also_o of_o the_o crown_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o bracton_n say_v the_o king_n have_v one_o proper_a court_n wherein_o be_v the_o chief_a judge_n nostri_fw-la capitale_n just_a nostri_fw-la which_o both_o by_o his_o own_o testimony_n and_o briton_n also_o do_v hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n of_o all_o sort_n yet_o be_v it_o true_a also_o that_o it_o be_v by_o appeal_n or_o writ_n of_o error_n as_o in_o case_n of_o false_a judgement_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v plures_fw-la curias_fw-la 20._o marblr_n cap._n 20._o which_o doubtless_o have_v their_o proper_a work_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o its_o clear_a that_o six_o be_v especial_o assign_v for_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o yet_o by_o another_o especial_a commission_n or_o letter_n patent_n the_o same_o man_n may_v also_o have_v power_n to_o determine_v matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o at_o this_o day_n in_o their_o several_a circuit_n this_o law_n therefore_o do_v not_o as_o i_o conceive_v work_v any_o alteration_n but_o only_o in_o this_o that_o whereas_o former_o the_o judge_n of_o common_a plea_n attend_v on_o the_o king_n court_n continual_o as_o all_o other_o judge_n do_v and_o whither_o the_o king_n remove_v they_o do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v a_o great_a uncertainty_n and_o grievance_n unto_o the_o commons_o henceforth_o they_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n and_o mortdancester_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o proper_a county_n only_o 14._o cap._n 14._o and_o by_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a send_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n the_o law_n be_v so_o declare_v in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o be_v questionless_a put_v in_o practice_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o with_o convenience_n to_o the_o judge_n may_v be_v but_o now_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o people_n be_v prefer_v and_o they_o must_v not_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o king_n court_n but_o the_o justice_n must_v come_v down_o to_o they_o and_o yet_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n the_o bench_n where_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v hold_v must_v determine_v the_o matter_n and_o where_o the_o time_n in_o the_o iter_fw-la in_o one_o county_n be_v too_o scant_o the_o remanet_n shall_v be_v adjourn_v over_o to_o be_v try_v elsewhere_o in_o that_o circuit_n which_o show_v that_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v their_o time_n proportion_v out_o to_o every_o county_n these_o trial_n also_o be_v so_o favour_v 51._o westm_n cap._n 51._o as_o in_o the_o then_o holy_a time_n of_o advent_n and_o septuagesima_fw-la or_o lent_n they_o may_v be_v try_v which_o although_o be_v gain_v by_o prayer_n make_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o bishop_n as_o the_o word_n of_o that_o law_n be_v conclude_v yet_o it_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n have_v so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o hold_v the_o time_n not_o inherent_o holy_a but_o mere_o sequester_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o plaintiff_n also_o in_o mortdancester_n may_v be_v divers_a if_o there_o be_v divers_a heir_n of_o one_o ancester_n by_o one_o title_n 6._o stat._n gloc._n ca._n 6._o and_o if_o there_o be_v joyntenant_n and_o the_o writ_n be_v against_o but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o plead_v 1_o conjanct_n feofat_fw-mi an._n 34._o e._n 1._o stat._n gloc_n ca._n 1_o the_o writ_n shall_v abate_v but_o if_o joyntenancy_n be_v plead_v and_o the_o plea_n be_v false_a the_o defendant_n shall_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o if_o in_o the_o action_n the_o verdict_n be_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n he_o shall_v recover_v damage_n 15._o cap._n 15._o darraine_a presentment_n shall_v be_v take_v only_o in_o the_o common_a bank_n trial_n in_o the_o common_a bank_n or_o other_o court_n at_o westminster_n have_v ever_o have_v a_o honourable_a esteem_n above_o those_o in_o the_o county_n by_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la although_o all_o be_v equal_o available_a this_o may_v be_v one_o cause_n why_o the_o title_n of_o church_n be_v still_o retain_v at_o the_o common_a bank_n when_o as_o all_o other_o ride_v circuit_n for_o that_o church_n affair_n in_o those_o time_n be_v of_o high_a regard_n speed_v of_o trial_n also_o be_v not_o little_o regard_v herein_o for_o justice_n by_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la proper_o be_v but_o for_o inquiry_n till_o the_o statute_n at_o westm_n the_o second_o make_v they_o of_o oyer_n
about_o these_o time_n and_o therewith_o end_v both_o the_o work_n and_o common_a use_n of_o the_o ancient_a iter_n and_o yet_o all_o these_o late_a court_n joint_o consider_v have_v not_o the_o like_a comprehensive_a power_n that_o the_o iter_n have_v for_o they_o have_v the_o power_n of_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n both_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n albeit_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o first_o time_n promiscuous_o unite_v into_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n but_o soon_o after_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o more_o clear_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o that_o power_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a person_n some_o sit_v upon_o the_o common_a plea_n other_o upon_o the_o crown_n plea_n the_o judge_n of_o these_o journey_a court_n be_v special_o assign_v by_o the_o king_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o gaole-delivery_n or_o settle_v by_o the_o law_n upon_o the_o judge_n of_o both_o bench_n at_o westminster_n as_o in_o case_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n 29_o westm_n 2._o ca._n 29_o and_o of_o the_o assize_n or_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la save_v that_o in_o the_o last_o case_n they_o be_v associate_v with_o knight_n in_o the_o county_n for_o the_o take_n of_o assizes_n 30._o ibid._n c._n 30._o now_o concern_v the_o court_n that_o be_v settle_v some_o be_v settle_v or_o annex_v to_o the_o king_n personal_a residence_n as_o the_o chancellor_n court_n for_o in_o these_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o judiciary_n power_n of_o eminent_a stature_n and_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o great_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n then_o also_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v annex_v by_o the_o same_o law_n unto_o the_o king_n court_n or_o personal_a residence_n 15._o fleta_n artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 15._o as_o it_o ancient_o ever_o have_v that_o honour_n although_o it_o seem_v the_o endeavour_n be_v to_o make_v it_o like_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o that_o particular_a another_z and_z last_o court_n that_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o marshal_n court_n which_o in_o the_o original_n only_o concern_v the_o king_n household_n but_o afterward_o compass_v in_o a_o distance_n of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n 129._o 5_o e._n 4_o foe_n 129._o because_o the_o king_n attendant_n be_v many_o in_o those_o time_n when_o as_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n continual_o attend_v on_o his_o person_n and_o this_o precinct_n be_v call_v the_o verge_n and_o all_o case_n of_o debt_n and_o covenant_n where_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o household_n 3._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 3._o and_o of_o trespass_n vi_o &_o armis_fw-la where_n one_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o household_n be_v handle_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o verge_n or_o the_o marshal_n court_n and_o inquest_n of_o death_n within_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v take_v by_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n with_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o household_n other_o court_n be_v rural_a and_o affix_v also_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n either_o of_o the_o county_n or_o town_n or_o other_o particular_a place_n that_o of_o the_o county_n suffer_v in_o these_o time_n great_a diminution_n even_o almost_o to_o destruction_n by_o a_o law_n restrain_v the_o power_n thereof_o only_o to_o trespass_n of_o 40_o s._n value_n or_o under_o 8._o stat._n gouc_n cap._n 8._o for_o though_o former_o the_o king_n justice_n encroach_v upon_o the_o county_n court_v and_o contract_a suit_n before_o themselves_o which_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n they_o ought_v not_o yet_o it_o be_v ever_o illegal_a and_o the_o county_n court_v hold_v their_o right_n till_o this_o law_n be_v make_v which_o keep_v under_o those_o inferior_a court_n and_o make_v they_o of_o less_o account_n then_o former_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n justicy_n or_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n oftentimes_o enable_v the_o inferior_a court_n to_o have_v cognisance_n of_o case_n of_o great_a value_n last_o a_o rule_n be_v set_v to_o the_o small_a court_n of_o corporation_n 23._o west_n 1._o cap._n 23._o fair_n and_o market_n viz._n that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v sue_v in_o any_o of_o they_o which_o be_v not_o a_o debtor_n or_o pledge_n there_o chap._n lxix_o of_o coroner_n sheriff_n and_o crown_v plea_n 10_o coroner_n westm_n 1._o ca._n 10_o corener_n shall_v be_v choose_v in_o the_o county_n from_o the_o wise_a great_a and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o country_n of_o these_o officer_n former_o have_v be_v speak_v as_o touch_v their_o election_n qualification_n and_o work_v this_o law_n bring_v in_o no_o change_n of_o any_o former_a law_n but_o only_o of_o a_o former_a custom_n gain_v by_o these_o degenerate_v time_n which_o bring_v man_n into_o place_n that_o be_v far_o unfit_a who_o otherwise_o of_o poor_a and_o mean_a condition_n maintain_v themselves_o by_o bribery_n and_o extortion_n and_o be_v find_v guilty_a have_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v recompense_n this_o law_n therefore_o revive_v the_o first_o law_n and_o hold_v these_o man_n to_o their_o work_n of_o take_v inquest_n and_o appeal_n by_o indenture_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o sheriff_n and_o these_o be_v to_o be_v certify_v at_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n 9_o sheriff_n artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 9_o the_o free_a holder_n in_o every_o county_n if_o they_o will_v shall_v elect_v their_o own_o sheriff_n unless_o the_o sheriffwicke_n be_v hold_v in_o see_v this_o be_v indeed_o the_o ancient_a custom_n as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v eligible_a by_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 3._o stat._n the_o vic_a 9_o e._n 2._o so_o be_v also_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o county_n choose_v by_o the_o county_n but_o within_o a_o few_o year_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o come_v another_o law_n that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v appoint_v by_o the_o chancellor_n treasurer_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o justice_n which_o law_n be_v make_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n as_o by_o the_o file_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v more_o full_o appear_v for_o though_o at_o the_o first_o blush_v it_o may_v seem_v a_o privilege_n lose_v by_o the_o free_a man_n that_o these_o great_a man_n shall_v have_v the_o election_n of_o the_o sheriff_n yet_o it_o prove_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o common_a quiet_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o time_n of_o party_n and_o be_v so_o apprehend_v otherwise_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v in_o those_o day_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o it_o be_v no_o time_n for_o he_o to_o gain_v upon_o the_o people_n liberty_n nor_o have_v the_o statute_n of_o articuli_fw-la super_fw-la cartas_fw-la whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v be_v pen_v with_o these_o word_n if_o they_o will_v and_o questionless_a in_o these_o day_n we_o now_o live_v in_o if_o the_o people_n have_v but_o a_o little_a taste_n of_o this_o seem_a liberty_n of_o elect_a sheriff_n in_o the_o county_n court_n as_o former_o it_o be_v use_v it_o will_v be_v soon_o perceive_v that_o the_o election_n of_o these_o chief_a officer_n be_v better_o dispose_v in_o some_o other_o hand_n if_o right_o pursue_v homicide_n by_o misfortune_n shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v murder_n 25._o chancemedly_n marlbr_n cap._n 25._o that_o the_o saxon_n make_v difference_n between_o homicide_n by_o misfortune_n and_o that_o which_o be_v do_v felleo_fw-la animo_fw-la or_o with_o a_o spirit_n of_o gall_n former_o have_v be_v show_v now_o what_o it_o be_v that_o alter_v the_o case_n i_o can_v say_v unless_o the_o violence_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o time_n former_o all_o kind_n of_o manslaughter_n be_v finable_a i_o mean_v in_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o so_o may_v more_o rational_o be_v rank_v into_o one_o degree_n but_o now_o the_o punishment_n begin_v to_o change_v from_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o loss_n of_o member_n to_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o necessary_a to_o make_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o penalty_n see_v in_o the_o fine_a former_o a_o difference_n be_v observe_v and_o this_o difference_n to_o assert_v by_o a_o law_n that_o may_v limit_v the_o invenomed_a spirit_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o those_o day_n robbery_n robbery_n robbery_n punish_v with_o death_n this_o crime_n hitherto_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a and_o loss_n of_o member_n at_o the_o utmost_a but_o be_v now_o make_v capital_a &_o punish_v with_o death_n one_o example_n whereof_o and_o the_o first_o that_o story_n make_v mention_n of_o we_o find_v of_o a_o irish_a nobleman_n in_o the_o day_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o who_o suffer_v death_n for_o piracy_n and_o it_o be_v a_o law_n that_o then_o though_o rigorous_a yet_o seasonable_o be_v contrive_v to_o retard_v the_o beginning_n and_o hasten_v the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n in_o a_o
chap._n lxxi_o of_o the_o peace_n war_n and_o peace_n be_v two_o birth_n by_o several_a venture_n and_o may_v like_v the_o day_n and_o night_n succeed_v but_o can_v never_o inherit_v each_o to_o other_o and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o may_v claim_v to_o belong_v to_o one_o father_n and_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n shall_v act_v in_o both_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o good_a maxim_n that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o order_n of_o peace_n for_o it_o natural_o befall_v that_o war_n especial_o that_o which_o we_o call_v civil_a war_n like_o some_o disease_n in_o the_o body_n do_v rather_o breed_v ill_a humour_n than_o consume_v they_o and_o these_o must_v be_v purge_v by_o diet_v the_o state_n and_o constant_a course_n of_o justice_n unto_o which_o the_o rugged_a wave_n of_o war_n have_v little_a or_o no_o affinity_n if_o not_o enmity_n nevertheless_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n think_v it_o most_o meet_a to_o keep_v their_o king_n in_o work_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o war_n and_o therefore_o as_o they_o ancient_o refer_v the_o principal_a care_n thereof_o to_o the_o lord_n who_o together_o with_o certain_a select_a person_n in_o every_o county_n do_v administer_v justice_n in_o several_a iter_n or_o circuit_n so_o when_o king_n have_v once_o get_v the_o name_n of_o be_v chief_a in_o civil_a affair_n as_o they_o have_v it_o in_o martial_a they_o soon_o leave_v the_o lord_n behind_o they_o who_o also_o be_v willing_a enough_o with_o their_o own_o ease_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o do_v all_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v do_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o directory_n of_o minister_n or_o commissioner_n thereto_o depute_v and_o thus_o that_o peace_n which_o former_o pass_v under_o the_o title_n of_o pax_fw-la domini_fw-la pax_fw-la vice_fw-la comitis_fw-la it_o be_v pax_fw-la regni_fw-la become_v by_o eminency_n swallow_v up_o in_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n peace_n and_o the_o justice_n call_v the_o king_n justice_n and_o himself_o flatter_v into_o that_o title_n of_o fountain_n of_o justice_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o he_o that_o be_v the_o most_o high_a or_o chief_a lawgiver_n the_o manner_n how_o this_o honourable_a care_n of_o the_o safety_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v employ_v may_v be_v refer_v to_o a_o double_a consideration_n the_o one_o in_o execution_n of_o justice_n upon_o delinquent_n the_o other_o in_o prevent_v occasion_n of_o offence_n or_o delinquency_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o public_a peace_n may_v be_v endanger_v the_o first_o be_v act_v diverse_o according_a to_o the_o present_a sense_n of_o affair_n for_o what_o be_v at_o first_o do_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o their_o circuit_n tacitus_n tacitus_n with_o one_o hundred_o of_o the_o commons_o call_v comites_fw-la and_o that_o do_v per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicesque_fw-la be_v afterward_o do_v by_o itinerant_a judge_n send_v from_o the_o king_n for_o the_o great_a matter_n and_o by_o lord_n in_o their_o leet_n governor_n or_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o town_n in_o their_o court_n and_o sheriff_n in_o their_o tornes_n as_o judices_fw-la stati_fw-la for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o people_n in_o matter_n of_o less_o moment_n i_o say_v i_o conceive_v it_o be_v in_o the_o tear_v for_o i_o suppose_v no_o emergent_a court_n take_v up_o upon_o occasion_n can_v by_o the_o law_n draw_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o sudden_a appearance_n of_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o same_o 25._o 52_o hen._n 3._o marlb_n cap._n 25._o and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o seem_v that_o one_o certain_a tear_v every_o year_n be_v hold_v for_o inquiry_n of_o homicide_n unto_o which_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n be_v to_o come_v except_o baron_n clergy_n and_o woman_n or_o otherwise_o all_o such_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o attendance_n on_o every_o tear_v nevertheless_o the_o work_n of_o the_o tornes_n continue_v not_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v as_o ancient_o they_o have_v do_v for_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o former_o divers_a man_n have_v prison_n to_o their_o own_o use_n some_o as_o palatine_n 9_o mitor_n cap._n 2._o sec._n 9_o other_o as_o lord_n of_o franchise_n and_o other_o by_o power_n and_o usurpation_n and_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o all_o fine_n incident_a and_o by_o this_o mean_v many_o be_v fine_v that_o deserve_v it_o not_o 19_o mag._n cart_n cap._n 19_o and_o some_o also_o that_o deserve_v worse_o to_o prevent_v which_o evil_a henry_n the_o three_o take_v away_o that_o power_n of_o hold_v crown-plea_n 3._o glocest_n cap._n 8._o west_n 1._o cap._n 3._o and_o edward_n the_o first_o take_v away_o their_o power_n to_o determine_v escape_n and_o leave_v they_o only_o the_o power_n of_o inquiry_n and_o to_o certify_v at_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n but_o these_o injurious_a time_n have_v hold_v too_o long_o to_o be_v forget_v or_o lay_v aside_o by_o such_o cool_a pursuit_n man_n be_v still_o ordinary_o imprison_v and_o so_o continue_v oftentimes_o till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a for_o whereas_o in_o case_n of_o bloodshed_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o gratia_fw-la be_v a_o remedy_n the_o other_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o by_o procure_v a_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o ordinary_o be_v a_o cure_n worse_o than_o the_o hurt_n 1._o stat._n wint._n 13_o edw._n 1._o as_o a_o remedy_n hereof_o edward_n the_o first_o find_v out_o the_o new_a way_n of_o make_v justice_n of_o peace_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n at_o winton_n which_o law_n be_v purposely_o make_v for_o the_o conserve_n of_o the_o peace_n provide_v for_o penalty_n of_o crime_n already_o commit_v as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o suppress_n of_o future_a ordain_v that_o offence_n against_o that_o law_n shall_v be_v present_v to_o justice_n assign_v to_o inquire_v thereof_o and_o though_o these_o at_o the_o first_o may_v be_v itinerant_a yet_o it_o soon_o make_v way_n to_o resiant_a and_o before_o that_o statute_n it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v find_v out_o the_o way_n 176_o coke_n inst_z 4._o p._n 176_o if_o that_o note_n be_v true_a which_o be_v leave_v revive_v into_o memory_n by_o that_o honourable_a reporter_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o six_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o say_v that_o then_o prima_fw-la fuit_fw-la institutio_fw-la justiciariorum_fw-la pro_fw-la pace_fw-la conservanda_fw-la and_o yet_o some_o semblance_n there_o be_v that_o it_o be_v yet_o more_o ancient_a even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o clause_n in_o his_o law_n concern_v vagabond_n he_o order_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v carry_v justiciae_fw-la quae_fw-la praeest_fw-la 58._o hen._n 1._o cap._n 58._o although_o the_o language_n be_v not_o so_o clerkly_a as_o to_o speak_v the_o sense_n out_o now_o though_o their_o work_n as_o yet_o be_v but_o in_o trial_n and_o they_o be_v only_o trust_v with_o power_n of_o inquiry_n yet_o it_o induce_v a_o new_a way_n wherein_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o entrust_v to_o intermeddle_v and_o which_o not_o only_o intermit_v the_o course_n of_o his_o proceed_n in_o such_o matter_n but_o also_o lead_v the_o way_n to_o the_o dispoil_n of_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v and_o lord_n leet_n of_o that_o little_a remainder_n that_o be_v leave_v they_o of_o judicatory_a power_n in_o matter_n that_o be_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o make_v their_o inquisitory_a power_n less_o regardful_a and_o ease_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a of_o much_o of_o their_o work_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v speedy_o to_o certify_v up_o to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o these_o matter_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o parliament_n according_a as_o those_o justice_n be_v elect_v in_o parliament_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v jealous_a of_o give_v the_o power_n of_o determine_v those_o offence_n into_o any_o sudden_a hand_n to_o sum_n up_o then_o the_o first_o part_n as_o touch_v the_o punishment_n of_o offence_n against_o the_o peace_n the_o wheel_n be_v now_o in_o the_o turn_n the_o leet_n and_o tornes_n begin_v to_o be_v slight_v the_o labour_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a lessen_v the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n difuse_v by_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o a_o new_a order_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o peace_n especial_o appoint_v and_o the_o parliament_n as_o the_o supreme_a providor_n leave_v as_o the_o reserve_n for_o the_o assert_v and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o albeit_o that_o under_o it_o the_o power_n of_o determine_v much_o rest_v upon_o justice_n or_o judge_n that_o attend_v the_o king_n court_n after_o that_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v settle_v and_o confine_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o preserve_n of_o the_o peace_n for_o the_o future_a
saxon_n p._n 68_o norman_n p._n 133_o hundred_o setena_n saxon_n p._n 68_o i_o idolatry_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 97_o norman_n p._n 138_o vide_fw-la blasphemy_n imprisonment_n saxon_n p._n 100_o norman_n p._n 151_o incest_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 101_o indictment_n saxon_a law_n p._n 85_o infancy_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 88_o after_o p._n 198_o infangtheoff_n saxon_n p._n 74_o inheritance_n saxon_n p._n 102_o norman_n p._n 160_o after_o p._n 196_o etc._n etc._n inquest_n saxon_n p._n 91_o interdict_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n p._n 38_o after_o p._n 182_o intent_n punish_v by_o the_o norman_n p._n 151_o intestate_a saxon_a law_n p._n 109_o norman_n p._n 143_o afterward_o 232_o etc._n etc._n 264_o etc._n etc._n john_n p._n 170_o judgement_n vide_fw-la execution_n judge_n vide_fw-la justice_n judicatory_a 189_o etc._n etc._n jury_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 91_o justice_n and_o their_o court_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 84_o chief_a justice_n p._n 191_o judge_n or_o justice_n itinerant_a after_o the_o norman_n p._n 192_o 199_o 284_o k_o king_n among_o the_o saxon_n election_n continuance_n covenant_n maintenance_n power_n in_o church-matter_n p._n 46_o etc._n etc._n 56_o among_o the_o norman_n election_n 113_o etc._n etc._n covenant_n 116._o etc._n etc._n power_n in_o church_n matter_n p._n p._n 123_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o steven_n henry_n the_o second_o richard_z the_o first_o and_z john_n election_n p._n 165_o power_n in_o church_n matter_n p._n 176_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o edward_z the_o first_o and_z edward_z the_o second_o succession_n p._n 208_o etc._n etc._n power_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n p._n 225_o etc._n etc._n 233_o in_o civil_a affair_n 277_o etc._n etc._n 317_o etc._n etc._n knightservice_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 76_o marriage_n p._n 146_o 202_o 255_o acquittal_n p._n 149_o widow_n p._n 256_o l_o language_n endeavour_v to_o be_v change_v by_o the_o norman_n p._n 161_o lashlight_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 99_o lecturer_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 28_o leet_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 78_o legierwit_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 100_o livery_n and_o seisin_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 108_o london_n p._n 257_o lordsday_n maintain_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 98_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n p._n 139_o lord_n their_o counsel_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 62_o 84_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n till_o henry_n the_o three_o p._n 174_o lorica_fw-la what_o it_o be_v p._n 309_o lucius_n p._n 9_o etc._n etc._n luminary_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 31_o lunacy_n vide_fw-la fool_n m_o magna_fw-la carta_fw-la p._n 172_o renew_a with_o the_o curse_n p._n 210_o stat._n etc._n etc._n p._n 253_o cap._n 35._o p._n 244_o cap._n 37._o p._n 245_o mainpernour_n by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 85_o 87_o by_o the_o norman_n p._n 151_o maim_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 100_o manbota_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 99_o manor_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 75_o norman_n p._n 134_o manslaughter_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 99_o norman_n p._n 140_o after_o p._n 195_o manumission_n p._n 137_o marriage_n portion_n vide_fw-la dower_n marriage_n vide_fw-la knightservice_n merchant_n magna_fw-la carta_fw-la p._n 272_o march_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 72_o norman_n p._n 131_o market_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 80_o norman_n p._n 143_o vide_fw-la township_n marshal_n court_n p._n 285_o matrimonial_a cause_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 41_o medietas_fw-la linguae_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 92_o metropolitan_a among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 23_o micklemote_a among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 57_o the_o primacy_n of_o canterbury_n settle_v there_o p._n 36_o mill_n tithe_v p._n 240_o militia_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 63_o the_o norman_n p._n 152_o during_o the_o king_n next_o ensue_v p._n 205_o during_o henry_n 3_o edward_n 1_o edward_n 2_o p._n 294_o mint_n among_o the_o saxon_n norman_n p._n 137_o monastery_n admission_n p._n 183_o mortdancester_n p._n 198_o 261_o mortmain_n p._n 245_o mortuary_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 32_o n_n news_n scandalous_a p._n 292_o nightwatche_n by_o the_o norman_n p._n 141_o after_o p._n 304_o nobility_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 53_o from_o the_o norman_n time_n p._n 172_o from_o king_n john_n time_n p._n 221_o norman_n their_o title_n etc._n etc._n p._n 113_o etc._n etc._n not_o conquest_n p._n 155_o novel_a disseisin_n p._n 199_o 261_o o_o oblation_n cognisance_n p._n 235_o odio_fw-la &_o atia_n p._n 269_o etc._n etc._n officer_n power_n great_a than_o king_n p._n 173_o ordeale_o among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 89_o ordinary_n intestate_a p._n 232_o outfangtheoff_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 74_o ostiaries_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 28_o oath_n p._n 246_o 271_o p_o palatine_n county_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 73_o parish_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 35_o parliament_n p._n 120_o 278_o park_n trespass_n p._n 292_o passage_n p._n 272_o peace_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 100_o the_o norman_n p._n 140_o after_o p._n 300_o penal_a law_n saxon_n p._n 96_o norman_n p._n 138_o after_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 2._o p._n 193_o after_o p._n 286_o perjury_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 40_o 101_o peer_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 93_o peterpence_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 32_o the_o norman_n p._n 139_o pledge_n p._n 150_o plough_v alm_n saxon_n p._n 32_o pope_n power_n p._n 19_o 177_o 184_o oppression_n of_o the_o clergy_n p._n 225_o prelacy_n in_o england_n not_o till_o constantine_n time_n 11._o come_v from_o rome_n by_o austin_n p._n 21_o etc._n etc._n sudden_o grow_v p._n 44_o praecipe_fw-la mag._n carta_fw-la p._n 268_o prior_n vide_fw-la abbat_n presbyter_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 27_o presentment_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 86_o priority_n vide_fw-la tenure_n prohibition_n p._n 228_o 233_o protector_n p._n 209_o province_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 35_o purveyance_n p._n 244_o 265_o etc._n etc._n q_o quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la fregit_fw-la saxon_n p._n 101_o quare_fw-la excommunicavit_fw-la p._n 227_o quare_fw-la non_fw-la admisit_fw-la ibid._n quarentine_n p._n 256_o 282_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la p._n 244_o r_o ransome_n p._n 94_o 260_o rape_n norman_n p._n 141_o after_o p._n 195_o etc._n etc._n 288_o reasonable_a part_n 257_o 264_o vide_fw-la dower_n redemption_n vide_fw-la ransome_n redesseisin_n p._n 292_o relief_n norman_n p._n 145_o after_o p._n 201_o religious_a house_n vide_fw-la abbey_n replevy_n norman_a p_o 142_o 259_o richard_n the_o first_o p._n 169_o roman_n entry_n p._n 5_o the_o papalty_n with_o seven_o degree_n of_o their_o church_n officer_n p._n 29_o seven_o sort_n of_o church_n maintenance_n p._n 35_o romescot_n romesfeogh_n vide_fw-la heardpenny_n robbery_n punish_v by_o saxon_n p._n 101_o by_o norman_n p._n 142_o after_o p._n 193_o 195_o 287_o 304_o s_o sabbath_n day_n saxon_a law_n p._n 98_o sacrilege_n saxon_a law_n p._n 41_o sanctuary_n p._n 139_o 183_o 242_o saxon_n in_o england_n mingle_v p._n 90_o seal_n vide_fw-la deed_n p._n 107_o sheriff_n saxon_n p._n 65_o extortion_n p._n 275_o 286_o simony_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 41_o sorcery_n vide_fw-la witchery_n soulshot_n saxon_n p_o 32_o socage_n saxon_n p._n 77_o steven_n his_o government_n p._n 165_o stat._n magna_fw-la carta_fw-la vide_fw-la magna_fw-la carta_fw-la merton_n cap._n 1_o 2_o 6_o 7_o p._n 156_o cap._n 1._o p._n 282_o cap._n 3._o p._n 292_o cap._n 9_o p._n 252_o cap._n 10._o p._n 275_o cap._n 11._o p._n 295_o marlbridge_n cap._n 1_o 2_o 3._o p._n 259_o cap._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 5._o p._n 280_o cap._n 8._o p._n 292_o cap._n 9_o p._n 264_o cap._n 10._o p._n 229_o 275_o cap._n 15._o p._n 259_o cap._n 16._o p._n 254_o cap._n 17._o p._n 282_o cap._n 19_o p._n 262_o cap._n 20._o p._n 261_o cap._n 21._o p._n 259_o cap._n 22._o p._n 260_o cap._n 25._o p._n 287_o 302_o cap._n 29._o p._n 229_o westm_n 1._o cap._n 1_o 2_o 5._o p._n 231_o etc._n etc._n cap._n 3._o p._n 289_o 302_o cap._n 4._o p._n 281_o cap._n 6._o p._n 263_o cap._n 9_o p._n 289_o cap._n 10._o p._n 286_o cap._n 11._o p._n 270_o cap._n 12._o p._n 289_o cap._n 13._o p_o 288_o cap._n 14._o p._n 275_o cap._n 15._o p._n 290_o cap._n 16._o p._n 260_o cap._n 20._o p._n 292_o cap._n 22._o p._n 256_o cap._n 23._o p._n 286_o cap._n 32._o p._n 266_o cap._n 33._o p._n 275_o cap._n 34._o p._n 292_o cap._n 36._o p._n 285_o cap._n 51_o p._n 261_o bigami_fw-la p._n 247_o etc._n etc._n glocest_n cap._n 1._o p._n 262_o cap._n 5._o p._n 255_o cap._n 6._o p._n 261_o cap._n 8._o p._n 285_o 302_o cap._n 9_o p._n 270_o de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la p._n 245_o westm_n 2._o cap._n 13._o p._n 275_o cap._n 16._o p._n 256_o cap._n 19_o p._n 232_o cap._n 24._o p._n 285_o cap._n 26._o p._n 292_o cap._n 29._o p._n 270_o 285_o cap._n 30._o p._n 262_o cap._n 33._o p._n 245_o cap._n 34._o p._n 288_o winton_n p._n 302_o etc._n etc._n circumspect_a agatis_fw-la p._n 233_o etc._n etc._n quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la p._n 274_o de_fw-fr judaismo_fw-la p._n 273_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la p._n 244_o de_fw-fr vasto_fw-la p._n 255_o de_fw-fr consultatione_n habenda_fw-la p._n 238_o de_fw-fr wardis_fw-la p._n 254_o artic._n super_fw-la cart._n cap._n 2._o p._n 266_o cap_n 3._o p._n 285_o cap._n 9_o p._n 286_o cap._n 12._o p._n 260_o cap._n 13_o 14._o p._n 276_o cap._n 15._o p._n 285_o cap._n 18._o p._n 255_o conjunct_a feoffat_n p._n 262_o amortizand_n terris_fw-la p._n 246_o asportat_fw-la bonis_fw-la relig._n p._n 244_o de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la p._n 294_o artic._n cleri_fw-la p._n 219_o 238_o vicecomit_n p._n 219_o 276_o 286_o de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la bonis_fw-la cleri_fw-la p._n 219_o 244_o prerog_n reg_fw-la p._n 220_o cap._n 3_o 13._o p._n 254_o cap._n 7._o p._n 274_o cap._n 9_o p._n 280_o cap._n 11._o p._n 281_o cap._n 14_o 16._o p._n 268_o subdeacons_n p._n 28_o suit_n of_o court_n p._n 202_o vide_fw-la manor_n synod_n briton_n p._n 11_o saxon_n p._n 37_o disadvantageous_a to_o prelacy_n p._n 45_o norman_n p._n 127_o without_o the_o laity_n p._n 187_o power_n p._n 248_o etc._n etc._n t_o tail_n saxon_a law_n p._n 105_o tax_n p._n 278_o vide_fw-la free_n man_n tenor_n vide_fw-la manor_n norman_n change_v they_o not_o p._n 161_o tenor_n by_o several_a lord_n priority_n p._n 200_o by_o escheat_n p_o 273_o term_n saxon_n p._n 110_o testament_n saxon_n p._n 108_o after_o p._n 202_o etc._n etc._n theft_n cognisance_n p._n 193_o 195_o tithe_n original_a p._n 30_o cognisance_n p._n 43_o norman_n p._n 139_o 778_o 238_o 240_o tear_v saxon_n p._n 67_o 275_o torture_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 88_o township_n and_o their_o court_n saxon_n p._n 81_o norman_n p._n 134_o treason_n punish_v by_o saxon_n p._n 98_o after_o p._n 194_o trover_n of_o good_n p._n 143_o trotheplight_n p._n 179_o five_o vacancy_n of_o church_n p._n 179_o etc._n etc._n 185_o vacation_n vide_fw-la term_n view_v of_o piedge_n saxon_n p._n 78_o norman_n p._n 134_o after_o p._n 263_o 275_o villain_n saxon_n p._n 56_o norman_n p._n 137_o violence_n do_v to_o clerk_n p._n 235_o use_v in_o deed_n of_o conveyance_n saxon_n p._n 107_o usury_n p._n 273_o w_n wardship_n p._n 148_o 202_o 254_o 270_o warranty_n saxon_n p._n 107_o wear_v p._n 268_o wera_n wergilda_fw-la saxon_n p._n 99_o weight_n and_o measure_n saxon_n p._n 28_o norman_n p._n 142_o 269_o widow_n vide_fw-la socage_n and_o knightservice_n william_n the_o first_o p._n 113_o etc._n etc._n william_n rufus_n p._n 118_o wife_n saxon_n p._n 98_o will_n vide_fw-la testament_n witness_n deed_n saxon_n p._n 108_o witchery_n p._n 40_o punish_v by_o saxon_n p._n 97_o wita_n saxon_n p._n 99_o worship_n saxon_n cognisance_n p._n 39_o wreck_n p._n 281_o finis_fw-la
this_o day_n hold_v the_o last_o in_o custom_n to_o all_o intent_n whatsoever_o the_o last_o branch_n provide_v the_o remedy_n to_o recover_v to_o the_o heir_n his_o possession_n in_o case_n it_o be_v detain_v either_o through_o doubtfulness_n of_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o his_o title_n and_o it_o direct_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n this_o trial_n some_o have_v think_v to_o be_v of_o glanvil_n invention_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o this_o trial_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o thus_o set_v down_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yet_o he_o use_v often_o in_o his_o book_n the_o word_n solet_fw-la and_o in_o his_o preface_n say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o its_o past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n personal_a estate_n the_o original_a hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n 10._o 10._o come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son_n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county_n court_v 33._o glanv_n lib._n 13._o cap._n 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n write_v for_o half_a a_o 11._o 11._o knight_n fee_n and_z under_z unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king_n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench_n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheate_n land_n church_n and_o 12._o 12._o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castle_n guard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n profit_n as_o justice_n to_o the_o subject_n they_o use_v also_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o king_n at_o one_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o demand_v homage_n also_o these_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n make_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n less_o acceptable_a and_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v some_o kind_n of_o oppression_n and_o as_o touch_v castleguard_n it_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o great_a use_n in_o these_o bloody_a time_n and_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o use_v to_o take_v rend_v instead_o of_o the_o personal_a service_n else_o have_v that_o enquiry_n how_o much_o be_v improper_a 13._o 13._o of_o a_o tenant_n hold_v and_o of_o several_a lord_n that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v several_a land_n of_o several_a lord_n and_o so_o owe_v service_n to_o they_o all_o be_v so_o common_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o touch_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_a that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o perform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n 4._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o promise_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common_a law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o each_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 5_o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man_n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n but_o all_o other_o lord_n receive_v homage_n of_o such_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiancc_fw-la to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_v the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thence_o forth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o ibid._n c._n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n
they_o irrecoverable_o thus_o favourite_n instead_o of_o cement_n between_o prince_n and_o people_n become_v rock_n of_o offence_n bring_v ruin_n sometime_o to_o all_o but_o always_o to_o themselves_o the_o king_n foresee_v the_o storm_n and_o think_v it_o safe_a first_o to_o cry_v truce_n with_o the_o people_n and_o come_v to_o agreement_n with_o they_o by_o common_a consent_n 2._o prerog_n reg._n 17_o edw._n 2._o for_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o prerogative_n in_o certain_a particular_a case_n questionable_a and_o this_o sum_v up_o become_v a_o statute_n for_o future_a time_n to_o be_v a_o ne_fw-fr plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la between_o the_o king_n and_o people_n homage_n stat._n the_o homage_n the_o like_a agreement_n likewise_o be_v concern_v service_n of_o tenant_n to_o their_o lord_n and_o a_o oath_n frame_v to_o vindicate_v they_o from_o all_o encroachment_n templar_n stat._n templar_n and_o something_o be_v do_v to_o calm_v the_o clergy_n for_o the_o demolish_n of_o the_o templar_n knight_n but_o the_o wound_n be_v incurable_a word_n be_v not_o believe_v if_o action_n do_v not_o succeed_v nor_o will_v oath_n now_o make_v to_o bind_v king_n bishop_n councillor_n of_o state_n sheriff_n major_n bailiff_n or_o judge_n to_o justice_n nor_o direction_n for_o regulate_v of_o court_n nor_o ordinance_n against_o false_a money_n and_o weight_n nor_o all_o of_o they_o settle_v the_o people_n but_o they_o adhere_v to_o the_o queen_n burn_v with_o jealousy_n against_o the_o king_n and_o both_o herself_o and_o the_o lord_n with_o rage_n against_o the_o spencer_n the_o king_n fly_v and_o be_v forsake_v of_o the_o people_n the_o lord_n the_o clergy_n his_o own_o son_n and_o the_o wife_n of_o his_o own_o bosom_n and_o of_o god_n himself_o as_o the_o most_o absolute_a abject_a that_o ever_o sway_v sceptre_n lose_v the_o same_o and_o be_v make_v a_o monument_n of_o god_n revenge_n upon_o inordinate_a desire_n in_o a_o king_n and_o of_o the_o english_a people_n be_v enrage_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o demise_n he_o die_v a_o death_n meet_v to_o be_v forever_o blot_v out_o of_o the_o thought_n of_o all_o subject_n but_o to_o be_v have_v in_o everlasting_a remembrance_n of_o all_o king_n for_o if_o a_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n mislead_v the_o king_n at_o the_o worst_a he_o be_v but_o mislead_v by_o his_o council_n but_o if_o he_o be_v draw_v aside_o by_o favourite_n he_o must_v thank_v his_o own_o lust_n in_o the_o one_o he_o have_v but_o the_o least_o share_n in_o the_o burden_n in_o the_o other_o he_o must_v bear_v the_o whole_a chap._n lxv_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o now_o be_v prerogative_n mount_v up_o to_o the_o high_a pitch_n or_o endeavour_v so_o to_o be_v either_o through_o the_o weakness_n or_o power_n of_o these_o king_n of_o who_o the_o first_o and_o last_o have_v little_a to_o ground_n upon_o but_o their_o own_o will_n and_o the_o other_o i_o mean_v edward_n the_o first_o have_v more_o wisdom_n and_o power_n but_o be_v otherways_o distract_v by_o foreign_a and_o more_o urgent_a employment_n so_o as_o the_o work_n faint_v before_o it_o come_v to_o its_o full_a period_n the_o contest_v be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o baron_n who_o till_o those_o day_n be_v rather_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a sort_n of_o man_n than_o peer_n although_o they_o also_o be_v of_o the_o number_n i_o be_o not_o so_o sharp_a sight_v as_o to_o reach_v the_o utmost_a intention_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o their_o pretence_n be_v of_o such_o public_a nature_n as_o its_o plain_a that_o if_o their_o private_a interest_n be_v wrap_v up_o therein_o they_o be_v inseparable_a and_o i_o shall_v never_o quarrel_v the_o lord_n aim_v at_o private_a respect_n whenas_o its_o plain_a the_o public_a be_v so_o important_o concern_v and_o yet_o i_o will_v not_o justify_v all_o that_o i_o find_v write_v concern_v their_o word_n and_o action_n 1217._o m_o paris_n an._n 1217._o the_o speech_n of_o the_o e._n of_o cornwall_n to_o his_o elder_a brother_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o i_o will_v neither_o render_v up_o my_o castle_n nor_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n but_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o peer_n and_o of_o simon_n the_o e._n of_o leicester_n to_o the_o same_o king_n that_o he_o lie_v and_o be_v he_o not_o a_o king_n the_o earl_n will_v make_v he_o repent_v his_o word_n and_o of_o the_o lord_n that_o they_o will_v drive_v the_o king_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o elect_v another_o and_o of_o the_o e._n martial_n to_o edward_n the_o first_o that_o he_o will_v neither_o go_v into_o gascon_a nor_o hang_v &_o such_o other_o do_v savour_n of_o passion_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o e._n of_o leicester_n and_o the_o lord_n and_o may_v seem_v harsh_a and_o unmannerly_a and_o yet_o may_v admit_v of_o some_o allay_v if_o the_o general_a rudeness_n of_o the_o time_n the_o king_n injurious_a provocation_n and_o the_o passion_n of_o colerick_a man_n be_v weigh_v together_o yet_o will_v not_o all_o these_o trench_n upon_o the_o cause_n nor_o render_v the_o state_n of_o the_o lord_n too_o high_a or_o disproportionable_a to_o their_o place_n in_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n as_o thing_n than_o stand_v i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o disproportionable_a for_o where_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o king_n be_v mount_v up_o to_o such_o a_o pitch_n as_o to_o be_v above_o law_n the_o lord_n exceed_v not_o their_o place_n in_o press_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n to_o conform_v to_o the_o law_n and_o in_o maintain_v that_o trust_n that_o be_v repose_v in_o they_o in_o keep_v off_o such_o sinister_a counsel_n and_o invasion_n as_o may_v violate_v the_o law_n and_o liberty_n or_o hinder_v the_o currant_n of_o justice_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v short_o state_n the_o case_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o censure_n of_o other_o the_o government_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o their_o original_n be_v democraticall_a mix_v with_o a_o aristocracy_n if_o any_o credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o that_o little_a light_n of_o history_n that_o be_v leave_v unto_o we_o from_o those_o ancient_a time_n afterward_o when_o they_o swarm_v from_o their_o hive_n in_o foreign_a part_n and_o come_v over_o hither_o they_o come_v in_o a_o warlike_a manner_n under_o one_o conductor_n who_o they_o call_v a_o king_n who_o power_n whatever_o in_o the_o war_n yet_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v not_o of_o that_o height_n as_o to_o rule_v alone_o i_o mean_v that_o whereas_o the_o lord_n former_o have_v the_o principal_a executory_a power_n of_o law_n settle_v in_o they_o they_o never_o be_v absolute_o devest_v of_o that_o power_n by_o the_o access_n of_o a_o king_n nor_o be_v the_o king_n ever_o possess_v of_o all_o that_o power_n nor_o be_v it_o ever_o give_v to_o he_o but_o the_o lord_n do_v ever_o hold_v that_o power_n the_o king_n concur_v with_o they_o and_o in_o case_n the_o king_n will_v not_o concur_v the_o people_n general_o side_v with_o the_o lord_n and_o so_o in_o conclusion_n the_o king_n suffer_v in_o the_o quarrel_n from_o this_o ground_n do_v arise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o wander_n of_o the_o people_n in_o elect_v and_o depose_v their_o king_n during_o the_o saxon_a time_n nor_o do_v nor_o can_v the_o norman_a williams_n shake_v off_o this_o copartnership_n but_o be_v many_o time_n as_o well_o as_o other_o ensue_a prince_n persuade_v against_o their_o own_o mind_n and_o plot_a desire_n nor_o can_v it_o otherways_o be_v suppose_v where_o counsel_n be_v settle_v for_o whereto_o serve_v they_o if_o notwithstanding_o they_o the_o king_n may_v go_v the_o way_n of_o his_o inordinate_a desire_n if_o the_o lord_n than_o do_v appear_v against_o these_o king_n whereof_o we_o treat_v in_o case_n where_o they_o appear_v against_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v neither_o new_a nor_o so_o heinous_a as_o it_o be_v noise_v for_o they_o who_o be_v equal_o if_o not_o more_o entrust_v with_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o the_o king_n by_o how_o much_o the_o councillor_n be_v trust_v more_o than_o the_o counsel_v to_o be_v true_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o trust_n in_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v desert_v he_o but_o the_o great_a question_n be_v concern_v the_o manner_n by_o threat_n and_o war_n it_o be_v as_o probable_a i_o grant_v that_o the_o lord_n use_v the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o for_o it_o be_v the_o common_a vice_n of_o the_o time_n to_o be_v rugged_a yet_o if_o we_o shall_v add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v first_o that_o knight_n service_n be_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n principal_o second_o that_o the_o great_a power_n of_o knight_n service_n rest_v with_o the_o lord_n not_o only_o in_o
circumspect_a agatis_fw-la for_o in_o such_o case_n the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n have_v cognisance_n notwithstanding_o the_o king_n prohibition_n it_o be_v therefore_o neither_o grant_n nor_o release_n but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o covenant_n that_o the_o clergy_n shall_v hold_v peaceable_a possession_n of_o what_o 〈◊〉_d have_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o the_o king_n prohibition_n have_v no_o place_n in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o spiritual_a so_o as_o hereby_o the_o clergy_n get_v a_o judgement_n against_o the_o crown_n by_o confession_n and_o a_o estopell_n upon_o this_o maxim_n that_o spiritual_a thing_n belong_v to_o spiritual_a man_n into_o which_o rank_n the_o king_n person_n can_v come_v thus_o think_v they_o but_o what_o be_v spiritual_a cause_n and_o why_o so_o call_v be_v they_o such_o as_o concern_v spiritual_a person_n and_o thing_n this_o be_v the_o old_a way_n mark_n but_o if_o we_o bring_v into_o this_o category_n adultery_n fornication_n incest_n etc._n etc._n we_o shall_v mar_v all_o linwood_n tell_v we_o that_o mere_a spiritualia_fw-la be_v such_o as_o be_v sine_fw-la mixtura_fw-la temporalium_fw-la there_o may_v be_v somewhat_o in_o this_o though_o i_o can_v find_v it_o nor_o can_v i_o make_v out_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o term_n any_o other_o way_n but_o to_o limit_v it_o to_o such_o thing_n which_o by_o common_a custom_n the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n have_v cognisance_n of_o for_o otherwise_o neither_o king_n nor_o law_n ever_o intend_v it_o to_o be_v expound_v by_o the_o canon_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o intent_n of_o this_o writ_n law_n or_o licence_n call_v it_o what_o you_o will_v thus_o to_o conclude_v as_o the_o particular_n follow_v will_v manifest_v fornication_n adultery_n and_o such_o like_v punish_v sometime_o upon_o the_o body_n and_o sometime_o upon_o the_o purse_n these_o crime_n the_o saxon_n punish_v by_o the_o temporal_a power_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v the_o norman_n continue_v this_o course_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o conqueror_n law_n which_o give_v the_o fine_a in_o such_o case_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 371._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 14_o 19_o 371._o and_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o continue_v it_o as_o the_o clergy_n own_o complaint_n just_a or_o unjust_a do_v witness_v and_o what_o course_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n steven_n and_o john_n be_v to_o i_o unknown_a 28._o m._n paris_n addit_fw-la foe_fw-mi 201._o art_n 28._o nor_o be_v it_o much_o to_o be_v regard_v see_v the_o latter_a do_v he_o care_v not_o what_o and_o the_o former_a to_o gain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o clergy_n regard_v not_o what_o he_o do_v the_o custom_n therefore_o can_v be_v make_v good_a for_o the_o clergy_n much_o less_o to_o punish_v the_o body_n of_o freeman_n in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o grand_a charter_n never_o ask_v by_o the_o clergy_n former_o nor_o no_o complaint_n before_o now_o for_o denial_n for_o my_o part_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o apprehend_v it_o of_o a_o high_a nature_n than_o the_o king_n writ_n which_o in_o those_o day_n go_v forth_o at_o random_n if_o the_o 44_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n forego_v be_v true_a it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d so_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o parliament_n to_o give_v the_o body_n of_o the_o free_a man_n to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o who_o they_o will_v not_o submit_v their_o free_a hold_n but_o the_o writ_n proceed_v in_o enumeration_n of_o particular_n reparation_n and_o adorn_n of_o church_n and_o fence_n of_o churchyard_n violence_n do_v to_o a_o clerk_n defamation_n to_o reform_v not_o to_o give_v damage_n perjury_n oblation_n payment_n of_o tithe_n between_o rector_n and_o parishioner_n right_o of_o tithe_n between_o two_o rector_n to_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o value_n mortuary_n due_a by_o custom_n a_o pension_n from_o a_o rector_n to_o a_o prelate_n or_o advocate_n the_o most_o of_o which_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o a_o prohibition_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o who_o be_v king_n but_o yesterday_o as_o the_o article_n of_o complaint_n former_o set_v down_o do_v manifest_a nor_o have_v the_o clergy_n ever_o better_a title_n than_o connivance_n of_o some_o such_o favourite_n as_o king_n steven_n who_o act_n may_v peradventure_o be_v urge_v against_o king_n but_o not_o against_o the_o people_n unless_o their_o own_o act_n can_v be_v produce_v to_o warrant_v it_o the_o learning_n in_o the_o prince_n case_n will_v i_o suppose_v admit_v of_o a_o difference_n 8._o coke_n lib._n 8._o for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v make_v out_o that_o the_o king_n council_n in_o parliament_n be_v the_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o only_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o pass_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o only_a advice_n may_v bind_v the_o king_n but_o can_v never_o reach_v the_o commons_o nor_o their_o liberty_n and_o thus_o the_o grand_a charter_n in_o the_o first_o conception_n be_v conclusive_a to_o the_o king_n but_o be_v not_o the_o act_n of_o the_o parliament_n because_o the_o parliament_n can_v grant_v a_o charter_n to_o itself_o of_o that_o which_o be_v originaly_a custom_n and_o therefore_o this_o law_n however_o countenance_v can_v never_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v other_o than_o a_o permission_n not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v never_o the_o act_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n but_o because_o its_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o free_a man_n and_o it_o be_v beyond_o all_o imagination_n that_o the_o commons_o shall_v out_o themselves_o from_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o yoke_n themselves_o their_o free_a hold_n and_o estate_n under_o the_o bondage_n of_o the_o canon_n nor_o ought_v such_o a_o construction_n to_o be_v admit_v without_o express_a word_n to_o warrant_v it_o as_o for_o the_o conclusion_n it_o be_v much_o worfe_n and_o not_o only_o dishonourable_a to_o the_o king_n in_o bind_v his_o arm_n from_o protect_v his_o subject_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o so_o in_o some_o respect_n make_v they_o outlaw_n but_o dishonourable_a to_o itself_o while_o it_o make_v prohibition_n ground_v upon_o law_n to_o be_v nullity_n by_o a_o late_a trick_n of_o nonobstante_a which_o be_v first_o take_v up_o by_o the_o pope_n then_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o by_o this_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o thus_o be_v all_o set_v at_o liberty_n from_o any_o rule_n but_o that_o of_o licentiousness_n nevertheless_o this_o law_n do_v thrive_v according_o for_o we_o find_v scarce_o any_o footstep_n in_o story_n of_o any_o regard_n have_v thereof_o till_o it_o become_v gray_a head_v for_o it_o be_v not_o long_o ere_o the_o king_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o money_n and_o be_v necessitate_v to_o try_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o clergy_n more_o than_o once_o this_o occasion_v they_o to_o be_v slow_a in_o answer_n and_o in_o conclusion_n to_o deny_v that_o they_o shall_v aid_v the_o king_n with_o any_o more_o money_n winchelsy_n antiq._n brit._n vit_fw-mi winchelsy_n papa_n inconsulto_fw-la the_o king_n hereupon_o disavow_v the_o clergy_n and_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o romish_a oppression_n which_o be_v many_o and_o then_o the_o clergy_n rub_v up_o all_o old_a sore_n and_o exhibit_v their_o complaint_n to_o their_o holy_a father_n 1306._o baronus_fw-la annal_n an._n 1306._o to_o this_o effect_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n justice_n intermeddle_v in_o testamentary_a cause_n account_n of_o executor_n and_o cognisance_n of_o tithe_n especial_o to_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o live_n 2._o that_o the_o clergy_n be_v charge_v to_o the_o king_n carriage_n that_o the_o king_n mill_n be_v discharge_v from_o pay_v of_o tithe_n that_o clerk_n attend_v on_o the_o exchequer_n be_v necessitate_v to_o nonresidency_a and_o that_o after_o their_o decease_n their_o good_n be_v seize_v till_o their_o account_n be_v make_v that_o ecclesiastical_a possession_n be_v waste_v during_o vacancy_n 3._o that_o clerk_n be_v admit_v to_o free_a chapel_n by_o lay_v man_n 4._o that_o the_o king_n justice_n take_v cognisance_n of_o usury_n defamation_n violence_n do_v to_o clerk_n sacrilege_n oblation_n fence_n of_o the_o churchyard_n and_o mortuary_n 5._o that_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v without_o surmise_n 6._o that_o clerk_n be_v call_v to_o answer_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o crime_n and_o be_v acquit_v the_o informer_n escape_v without_o penalty_n 7._o that_o clerk_n be_v not_o allow_v their_o clergy_n 8._o that_o after_o purgation_n make_v clerk_n be_v question_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o the_o same_o offence_n 9_o that_o person_n in_o sanctuary_n be_v therein_o besiege_v 10._o that_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr cautione_n admittenda_fw-la issue_v forth_o although_o the_o church_n be_v not_o satisfy_v and_o excommunicate_a person_n be_v imprison_v be_v enlarge_v in_o
like_a manner_n 11._o that_o debt_n between_o clerk_n due_a be_v determine_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n 12._o that_o bishop_n be_v compel_v by_o distress_n to_o cause_n clerk_n to_o appear_v in_o lay_v court_n without_o cause_n 13._o that_o the_o church_n lose_v its_o right_n by_o the_o cease_n of_o rent_n or_o pension_n by_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n 14._o that_o nun_n be_v compel_v to_o sue_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n for_o their_o right_n in_o possession_n befalling_a by_o decease_n of_o their_o kindred_n 15._o that_o church_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o privilege_n till_o they_o show_v quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la they_o hold_v they_o 16._o that_o eccelesiastical_a judge_n be_v stop_v in_o their_o proceed_n by_o sheriff_n and_o great_a man_n 17._o that_o bishop_n refusal_n of_o clerk_n present_v be_v examine_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n 18._o that_o patron_n of_o religious_a house_n do_v oppress_v they_o by_o extreme_a quarter_n 19_o that_o bigamy_n and_o bastardy_n be_v try_v in_o lay_n court_v 20._o that_o the_o king_n suffer_v his_o live_n to_o be_v vacant_a for_o many_o year_n 21._o that_o the_o clergy_n be_v wrong_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n here_o be_v all_o and_o more_o than_o all_o that_o be_v true_a and_o more_o then_o enough_o to_o let_v the_o reader_n see_v that_o the_o writ_n circumspect_a agatis_fw-la be_v but_o a_o face_n put_v on_o for_o the_o present_a after_o lay_v aside_o and_o the_o clergy_n leave_v to_o the_o bare_a canon_n they_o likewise_o show_v what_o the_o clergy_n aim_v at_o and_o in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o obtain_v be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o not_o to_o any_o neglect_n in_o themselves_o for_o the_o archbishop_n die_v in_o the_o service_n and_o its_o thought_n that_o grief_n for_o these_o matter_n be_v no_o little_a cause_n thereof_o but_o the_o time_n within_o a_o while_n grow_v troublesome_a brit._n antiq._n brit._n and_o the_o king_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o french_a war_n be_v unadvised_a in_o in_o his_o way_n anger_v the_o people_n by_o his_o arbitrary_a levy_n of_o man_n and_o money_n cleri_fw-la articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la as_o it_o bring_v forth_o a_o state_n scowl_v little_a inferior_a to_o a_o quarrel_n and_o to_o pacify_v the_o clergy_n he_o grant_v they_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr consultatione_n habenda_fw-la in_o all_o matrimonial_a and_o testamentary_a case_n i._n stat._n the_o consul_n that_fw-mi 24._o e._n i._n which_o be_v of_o their_o least_o doubt_a privilege_n and_o this_o qualify_v the_o first_o article_n of_o complaint_n next_o forego_v if_o such_o cause_n they_o have_v of_o complaint_n and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o the_o clergy_n get_v at_o edward_n the_o fir_v hand_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v a_o man_n that_o be_v neither_o well_o affect_v to_o rome_n nor_o weak_a in_o spirit_n and_o yet_o so_o unhappy_a that_o his_o way_n neither_o promise_v good_a success_n nor_o ever_o have_v it_o and_o so_o he_o become_v a_o servant_n unto_o the_o humour_n of_o his_o servant_n to_o keep_v his_o head_n above_o water_n but_o especial_o after_o he_o be_v chase_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o quite_o out_o of_o breath_n he_o call_v for_o help_v of_o all_o but_o first_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o bespeak_v they_o with_o the_o ordinance_n of_o articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la wherein_o he_o give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o complaint_n former_o mention_v which_o it_o seem_v by_o baronius_n be_v exhibit_v in_o parliament_n ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n extend_v unto_o tithe_n oblation_n 1._o cap._n 1._o and_o mortuary_n and_o to_o pecuniary_a recompense_n in_o the_o first_o time_n neglect_v or_o denial_n of_o church-duty_n be_v punish_v in_o the_o king_n court_n by_o fine_a afterward_o the_o bishop_n be_v join_v in_o that_o work_n 6._o ll._n alfred_n c._n 9_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 6._o and_o the_o tythable_a good_n be_v seize_v eight_o part_n whereof_o be_v take_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o bishop_n use_v by_o moity_n a_o nine_o part_n leave_v to_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o church_n 8._o ll._n canut_n c._n 8._o nor_o have_v the_o bishop_n any_o peculiar_a court_n of_o cognisance_n of_o cause_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_n nor_o as_o yet_o in_o those_o time_n have_v they_o power_n to_o all_o intent_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o roman_a tribute_n of_o peter-pence_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o conqueror_n law_n to_o the_o bishop_n court_n 180._o ll._n gul._n 20._o cap._n spicileg_n 180._o yet_o we_o find_v no_o law_n for_o tithe_n and_o other_o profit_n to_o be_v recover_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n till_o about_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o reign_n or_o king_n stevens_n time_n for_o at_o a_o council_n at_o london_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o three_o summons_n in_o the_o pope_n name_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o such_o as_o pay_v not_o their_o tithe_n 1173._o binius_fw-la tom._n 7_o foe_n 661._o a_o 1173._o and_o in_o case_n they_o then_o refuse_v they_o shall_v be_v anathema_n and_o after_o that_o time_n in_o a_o council_n at_o oxford_n under_o steven_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o the_o laity_n shall_v be_v entreat_v first_o to_o pay_v their_o tithe_n 19_o baronius_n annal._n 1222._o cap._n 19_o and_o then_o if_o necessity_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v compel_v by_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n so_o as_o their_o power_n creep_v up_o by_o degree_n in_o recover_v of_o church-duty_n as_o it_o do_v in_o testamentary_a matter_n and_o at_o length_n henry_n the_o three_o wear_v and_o spend_v with_o the_o baron_n war_n about_o his_o latter_a end_n yield_v to_o boniface_n the_o archbishop_n his_o importunate_a demand_n and_o first_o give_v liberty_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v their_o own_o judge_n and_o yet_o the_o lay_v judge_n although_o divers_a of_o they_o be_v clergy_n man_n do_v not_o sudden_o forbear_v till_o this_o law_n come_v which_o give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o first_o and_o four_o article_n of_o complaint_n forego_v ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n extend_v not_o to_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o tithe_n of_o any_o live_n 2._o cap._n 2._o nor_o to_o pecuniary_a mulct_n for_o sin_n save_v by_o way_n of_o commutation_n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n be_v against_o the_o king_n prohibition_n in_o case_n of_o tithe_n indefinite_o for_o in_o those_o time_n &_o afterward_o in_o edw._n the_o fir_v time_n the_o king_n court_n have_v the_o cognisance_n of_o all_o tithe_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm_n 2._o c._n 5._o the_o writ_n of_o indicavit_fw-la be_v allow_v in_o case_n of_o right_n of_o any_o portion_n of_o tithe_n yet_o the_o church_n still_o gain_v ground_n and_o about_o or_o before_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o the_o temporal_a judge_n have_v yield_v unto_o the_o clergy_n the_o cognisance_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n under_o the_o value_n of_o the_o four_o part_n 1._o artic._n 1._o for_o in_o the_o article_n next_o forego_v the_o clergy_n complaint_n be_v that_o the_o king_n justice_n hold_v cognisance_n of_o the_o four_o part_n &_o here_o they_o be_v confine_v thereto_o by_o this_o law_n which_o the_o clergy_n can_v never_o remove_v for_o violence_n do_v to_o clerk_n the_o offender_n shall_v render_v damage_n in_o the_o king_n court_n but_o excommunication_n 3._o cap._n 3._o penance_n and_o commutation_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o bishop_n court_n the_o canon_n law_n have_v a_o ancient_a claim_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o clerk_n both_o as_o touch_v their_o person_n and_o estate_n and_o prevail_v so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v thereby_o embolden_v to_o offer_v violence_n unto_o other_o but_o as_o i_o former_o show_v by_o a_o law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n the_o temporal_a judge_n resume_v his_o original_a power_n and_o this_o become_v a_o sore_a evil_n between_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n for_o though_o it_o be_v allow_v that_o clerk_n shall_v not_o be_v sue_v but_o before_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n in_o such_o case_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o warrant_n for_o the_o laity_n likewise_o to_o be_v call_v before_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n in_o such_o case_n and_o therefore_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n show_v that_o the_o matter_n be_v doubtful_a and_o that_o the_o lay_v judge_n general_o maintain_v his_o jurisdiction_n although_o sometime_o he_o disclaim_v it_o as_o it_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o trespass_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o riot_n commit_v upon_o the_o priory_n of_o st_n john_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o as_o it_o be_v adjudge_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n to_o punish_v 30_o fi_n harb_n 7_o hen._n 3._o prohibition_n 30_o but_o
and_o terminer_n in_o the_o case_n of_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o darraine_a presentment_n 30._o west_n 2._o cap._n 30._o and_o give_v they_o power_n to_o give_v judgement_n and_o thus_o the_o commons_o gain_v still_o in_o point_n of_o conveniency_n 16._o cap._n 16._o free_a man_n shall_v be_v amerce_v according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o fault_n save_v to_o they_o their_o free_a hold_n and_o to_o merchant_n their_o main_a stock_n and_o to_o villain_n their_o waynage_n and_o clergy_n man_n shall_v be_v amerce_v according_a to_o their_o lay_n fee._n baron_n shall_v be_v amerce_v by_o their_o peer_n other_o by_o the_o vicinage_n in_o this_o regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v first_o of_o the_o person_n that_o be_v to_o be_v amerce_v then_o of_o the_o party_n by_o who_o and_o last_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o quantity_n of_o amercement_n the_o person_n amerce_v be_v rank_v into_o four_o class_n baron_n clergy_n free_a man_n and_o villain_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o party_n by_o who_o they_o be_v to_o be_v amerce_v they_o be_v but_o two_o baron_n and_o freeman_n for_o the_o clergy_n villain_n and_o free_a man_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v by_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n 19_o marlb_n cap._n 19_o in_o what_o court_v these_o amercement_n shall_v be_v the_o stat._n marlbr_n tell_v we_o not_o before_o the_o escheator_n nor_o other_o that_o make_v enquiry_n by_o commission_n or_o writ_n nor_o before_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n or_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n but_o only_o before_o the_o chief_a justice_n or_o justice_n itinerant_a the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n add_v a_o five_o class_n of_o city_n and_o town_n by_o express_a word_n â—_o westm_n 1._o cap._n â—_o which_o seem_v not_o so_o necessary_a unless_o in_o pillage_n and_o oppress_a time_n for_o they_o be_v take_v to_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la carta_fw-la 4._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sect_n 4._o though_o not_o therein_o name_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o amercement_n be_v now_o set_v down_o in_o general_a and_o leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o vicinage_n which_o former_o by_o the_o saxon_n be_v special_o set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n the_o rule_n in_o general_n be_v with_o a_o ne_fw-fr plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la viz._n not_o further_o or_o more_o than_o that_o the_o party_n amerce_v may_v spare_v and_o yet_o hold_v on_o in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o course_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n and_o it_o must_v be_v also_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o the_o great_a amercement_n must_v not_o be_v rank_v with_o the_o least_o offence_n so_o as_o in_o every_o degree_n the_o main_a sustainance_n of_o the_o party_n be_v save_v yea_o the_o villain_n how_o ever_o mean_v they_o be_v they_o must_v have_v their_o maintenance_n and_o this_o show_v that_o villain_n have_v a_o maintenance_n which_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o under_o the_o gripe_n of_o their_o lord_n to_o all_o intent_n unless_o they_o be_v the_o king_n villain_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v mere_o under_o the_o king_n mercy_n as_o be_v both_o their_o lord_n and_o king_n against_o who_o they_o can_v hold_v nothing_o as_o proper_o their_o own_o and_o therefore_o in_o all_o other_o case_n even_o than_o the_o villain_n be_v bear_v under_o a_o kind_n of_o liberty_n as_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n former_o have_v be_v declare_v which_o the_o law_n protect_v against_o their_o own_o lord_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v repair_n 18._o cap._n 17_o &_o 18._o or_o maintain_v any_o bridge_n bank_n or_o causy_n other_o or_o otherwise_o then_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v repair_v or_o maintain_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o the_o limitation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o sheweth_z that_o his_o justice_n be_v such_o as_o maintain_v the_o common_a right_n of_o man_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o 2._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sect_n 2._o and_o more_o especial_o of_o king_n john_n those_o river_n water_n and_o fishing_n former_o use_v in_o common_a be_v encroach_v upon_o enclose_v and_o appropriate_v to_o particular_a man_n use_n which_o occasion_v many_o bridge_n bank_n and_o causy_n to_o be_v make_v and_o repair_v to_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o private_a man_n all_o which_o be_v discharge_v by_o this_o law_n 19_o cap._n 19_o no_o sheriff_n constable_n coroner_n or_o other_o bailiff_n shall_v hold_v any_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n escheator_n be_v also_o express_v in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o magna_fw-la carta_fw-la and_o the_o abridgement_n however_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v within_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v make_v to_o avoid_v the_o extraordinary_a oppression_n that_o these_o officer_n exercise_v upon_o the_o people_n for_o escheator_n under_o colour_n of_o inquiry_n of_o estate_n of_o man_n will_v inquire_v of_o matter_n concern_v the_o life_n of_o man_n and_o sheriff_n that_o have_v power_n of_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o theft_n as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v 2._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c_o 8._o glanv_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o abase_v the_o same_o for_o their_o own_o benefit_n because_o in_o such_o case_n they_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n this_o law_n therefore_o take_v away_o such_o occasion_n viz._n from_o the_o sheriff_n and_o corroner_n and_o bailiff_n or_o justice_n other_o then_o by_o express_a commission_n thereto_o assign_v all_o power_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o trial_n leave_v unto_o they_o nevertheless_o power_n of_o inquiry_n of_o which_o ancient_o they_o have_v the_o right_n 20._o cap._n 20._o if_o the_o king_n tenant_n die_v suppose_v in_o arreare_n a_o inventory_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o his_o stock_n by_o honest_a man_n but_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v remove_v till_o account_n be_v clear_v and_o the_o overplus_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o executor_n save_v to_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n their_o reasonable_a part_n the_o first_o clause_n hereof_o be_v a_o law_n in_o henry_n the_o fir_v time_n and_o a_o customary_a law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n 5._o glanv_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 5._o be_v a_o remedy_n against_o a_o old_a norman_a riot_n of_o the_o lord_n seizure_n of_o the_o whole_a personal_a estate_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v under_o colour_n of_o a_o law_n the_o second_o part_n concern_v the_o overplus_n have_v this_o additional_a subjoin_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n if_o any_o free_a man_n die_v intestate_a his_o chattel_n shall_v be_v divide_v by_o his_o parent_n and_o his_o friend_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o church_n save_v to_o every_o one_o their_o proper_a debt_n and_o thus_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o church_n man_n encroach_v by_o degree_n unto_o a_o great_a power_n in_o matter_n testamentary_a i_o say_v by_o degree_n for_o as_o yet_o by_o this_o law_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v but_o overseer_n or_o eye-witness_n for_o as_o yet_o right_a of_o order_v or_o dispose_v they_o have_v none_o as_o may_v appear_v in_o that_o case_n of_o a_o bastard_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o intestate_a the_o lord_n shall_v have_v his_o personal_a estate_n 16._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 16._o and_o in_o all_o case_n the_o executor_n have_v then_o nothing_o but_o bare_a asset_n and_o the_o overplus_n be_v assign_v between_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n according_a to_o their_o reasonable_a part_n or_o if_o the_o party_n die_v intestate_a the_o next_o friend_n do_v administer_v pay_v the_o debt_n and_o make_v dividend_n of_o the_o overplus_n into_o the_o reasonable_a part_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a custom_n still_o continue_v nor_o do_v the_o testimony_n cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n prove_v any_o other_o then_o that_o the_o ancestor_n have_v free_a power_n to_o order_v his_o estate_n as_o he_o please_v 33._o coke_n instit_fw-la 2._o pag._n 33._o and_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o than_o be_v leave_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o auncester_n either_o in_o his_o will_n or_o in_o case_n of_o die_v intestate_a by_o the_o custom_n or_o law_n which_o be_v and_o ever_o be_v the_o rationabilis_fw-la pars_fw-la no_o purveyance_n for_o any_o castle_n out_o of_o the_o same_o town_n where_o the_o castle_n be_v but_o present_a satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v 21._o cap._n 21._o and_o if_o in_o the_o same_o town_n satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v within_o forty_o day_n purveyance_n be_v ancient_a provision_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o public_a and_o so_o far_o be_v commendable_a see_v it_o be_v not_o the_o common_a case_n of_o all_o man_n to_o regard_v the_o public_a above_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n therefore_o the_o public_a must_v provide_v for_o itself_o by_o their_o mean_n in_o who_o the_o public_a be_v most_o concern_v and_o this_o
of_o these_o person_n the_o one_o be_v perpetual_a the_o other_o temporary_a therefore_o be_v there_o also_o by_o these_o law_n a_o difference_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o their_o estate_n for_o the_o tutor_n have_v a_o right_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o one_o and_o but_o a_o bare_a authority_n or_o power_n in_o provide_v for_o the_o other_o second_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tutor_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v ancient_o it_o be_v the_o next_o kindred_n ground_v as_o i_o conceive_v upon_o the_o natural_a affection_n go_v along_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o this_o so_o continue_v in_o custom_n until_o these_o time_n for_o though_o the_o miror_fw-la of_o justice_n say_v that_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v in_o that_o course_n of_o give_v the_o custody_n of_o these_o disable_v person_n to_o the_o king_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v yet_o bracton_n that_o write_v long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o speak_v of_o these_o kind_n of_o person_n say_v 20._o bract._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 20._o talibus_fw-la de_fw-fr necessitate_v dandus_fw-la est_fw-la tutor_n vel_fw-la curator_n not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v that_o some_o be_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o other_o under_o their_o parent_n and_o friend_n 10_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 10_o but_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o law_n be_v never_o so_o uncertain_a it_o be_v now_o a_o declare_a law_n that_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o common_a curator_n or_o tutor_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o he_o be_v a_o chief_a justice_n render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n 4._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 11._o west_n 1._o cap._n 4._o what_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o wreck_n the_o statute_n at_o westm_n 1._o declare_v viz._n where_o the_o ship_n so_o perish_v that_o nothing_o therein_o escape_v alive_a and_o these_o be_v rather_o in_o their_o original_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o curator_n then_o give_v he_o as_o a_o proprietor_n although_o that_o custom_n have_v since_o settle_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v account_v rather_o a_o title_n by_o estoppell_n for_o the_o fundamental_a ground_n be_v that_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v and_o therefore_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o and_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o till_o the_o owner_n do_v appear_v 17._o marlb_n cap._n 17._o the_o heir_n in_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n and_o a_o account_n against_o his_o guardian_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o heir_n in_o socage_n be_v under_o age_n shall_v also_o be_v under_o custody_n of_o such_o guardian_n of_o the_o next_o kindred_n 37._o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 37._o who_o can_v challenge_v right_o of_o inheritance_n in_o such_o land_n so_o hold_v as_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o father_n side_n the_o mother_n or_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o so_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o mother_n the_o father_n or_o next_o kindred_n of_o the_o father_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o this_o custody_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o authority_n or_o power_n only_o and_o no_o right_a as_o in_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o knightservice_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v grant_v over_o as_o the_o wardship_n in_o knightservice_n may_v but_o the_o guardian_n in_o socage_n remain_v accountant_a to_o the_o heir_n for_o all_o profit_n both_o of_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o full_a age_n of_o tenant_n in_o socage_n be_v such_o age_n wherein_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n which_o be_v 14_o year_n for_o at_o such_o age_n he_o may_v b_o able_a by_o common_a repute_n to_o aid_v in_o tillage_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v his_o proper_a service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o a_o burgess_n have_v no_o set_a time_n of_o full_a age_n but_o at_o such_o time_n as_o he_o can_v tell_v money_n and_o measure_n cloth_n and_o such_o work_n as_o concern_v that_o call_n 1._o merton_n cap._n 1._o widow_n deforce_v of_o their_o dower_n of_o quarentine_n shall_v by_o action_n recover_v damage_n till_o they_o recover_v their_o dower_n 2._o cap._n 2._o they_o shall_v also_o have_v power_n to_o divise_v their_o crop_n arise_v from_o her_o dower_n 40._o bract._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 40._o it_o be_v use_v that_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o crop_n with_o the_o land_n but_o this_o statute_n alter_v that_o former_a usage_n and_o yet_o save_v the_o lord_n liberty_n to_o distrain_v if_o any_o service_n be_v due_a writ_n de_fw-la consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la grant_v in_o case_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o same_o law_n and_o need_v the_o same_o remedy_n 24._o west_n 2._o cap._n 24._o and_o such_o writ_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o agreement_n of_o the_o clerk_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o advice_n of_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o law_n it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n that_o no_o writ_n do_v issue_n forth_o against_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_o in_o use_n and_o agree_v upon_o in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o grievance_n and_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n that_o king_n use_v to_o send_v writ_n of_o new_a impression_n to_o execute_v the_o dictate_v of_o their_o own_o will_n and_o not_o of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 44._o m._n paris_n addit_fw-la artic._n 44._o as_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v witness_v nevertheless_o because_o many_o man_n case_n befall_v not_o direct_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o any_o law_n for_o remedy_n and_o yet_o be_v very_o burdensome_a for_o want_v of_o remedy_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o this_o law_n that_o in_o such_o emergent_a case_n that_o do_v befall_v within_o the_o inconvenience_n shall_v likewise_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o remedy_n of_o that_o law_n aid_v to_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o lord_n a_o knight_n 36._o west_n 1._o c._n 36._o and_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v be_v assess_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o twenty_o pound_n in_o yearly_a value_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o aid_n be_v by_o this_o law_n reduce_v and_o settle_v as_o touch_v the_o sum_n and_o thereby_o deliver_v the_o people_n from_o much_o oppression_n which_o they_o suffer_v former_o nor_o be_v only_o the_o particular_a sum_n hereby_o but_o also_o the_o age_n of_o the_o son_n when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o knight_n viz._n at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n too_o soon_o for_o he_o to_o perform_v knightservice_n but_o not_o too_o soon_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o get_v his_o money_n and_o the_o daughter_n likewise_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v fit_a for_o marriage_n at_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v her_o consent_n thereto_o albeit_o that_o in_o truth_n she_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o one_o or_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o lord_n gain_v that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o have_v the_o aid_n beforehand_o though_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v not_o for_o many_o year_n after_o and_o if_o the_o lord_n die_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o executor_n have_v asset_n pay_v it_o or_o otherwise_o his_o heir_n chap._n lxviii_o of_o court_n and_o their_o proceed_n beside_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v ancient_a as_o have_v be_v say_v other_o court_n have_v be_v raise_v of_o latter_a birth_n albeit_o even_o they_o also_o have_v be_v of_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o divers_a of_o they_o itinerant_a also_o and_o some_o of_o they_o settle_v in_o one_o place_n the_o work_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v universal_a comprehend_v both_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n that_o of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n be_v only_o of_o crown_n plea_n original_o commence_v and_o inquire_v of_o by_o themselves_o and_o grant_v forth_o upon_o emergent_a crime_n of_o important_a consequence_n that_o require_v speedy_a regard_n and_o reformation_n justice_n of_o gaol-delivery_n have_v a_o more_o large_a work_n that_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o gaol_n of_o all_o criminal_a offender_n former_o indict_v or_o before_o themselves_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la be_v to_o have_v cognisance_n of_o common_a plea_n only_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v but_o for_n inquiry_n all_o which_o save_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a in_o ancient_a use_n be_v institute_v
shall_v be_v trouble_v with_o every_o such_o occasion_n and_o therefore_o the_o give_v of_o advice_n to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n what_o course_n he_o shall_v take_v to_o settle_v the_o law_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o instance_n in_o council_n hold_v a_o 1060._o and_o 1070._o and_o to_o gain_v favour_n of_o the_o great_a man_n according_a to_o that_o in_o a_o 1106._o and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o endowment_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o battle_n as_o in_o pag_n 25._o of_o the_o opponent_n discourse_n and_o what_o to_o do_v upon_o the_o read_n of_o the_o pope_n letter_n according_a to_o that_o in_o a_o 1114._o and_o whether_o the_o pope_n legate_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o in_o pag._n 18._o and_o how_o king_n steven_n and_o henry_n shall_v come_v to_o agreement_n as_o a_o 1153._o and_o how_o to_o execute_v law_n by_o judge_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a as_o a_o 1176._o and_o touch_v the_o manner_n of_o ingage_a for_o a_o voyage_n by_o croisado_n to_o jerusalem_n a_o 1189._o and_o to_o give_v answer_n to_o ambassador_n of_o a_o foreign_a prince_n pag._n 25._o and_o how_o king_n john_n shall_v conclude_v peace_n with_o the_o pope_n a_o 1213._o where_o nevertheless_o math._n paris_n say_v 23._o pag._n 23._o be_v turba_n multa_fw-la nimis_fw-la i_o say_v all_o these_o may_v well_o be_v do_v by_o a_o council_n of_o lord_n and_o not_o in_o any_o posture_n of_o a_o parliament_n albeit_o that_o in_o none_o of_o all_o these_o do_v any_o thing_n appear_v but_o that_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v present_a in_o every_o one_o or_o many_o of_o they_o all_o second_o as_o touch_v judicature_n the_o lord_n have_v much_o power_n therein_o even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n have_v better_a opportunite_v for_o knowledge_n and_o learning_n especial_o join_v with_o the_o clergy_n than_o the_o commons_o in_o those_o time_n of_o deep_a darkness_n wherein_o even_o the_o clergy_n want_v not_o their_o share_n as_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o discourse_n i_o have_v already_o observe_v whatsoever_o then_o may_v be_v do_v by_o judge_n in_o ordinary_a court_n of_o judicature_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o regard_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o the_o plea_n between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o aethelstan_n concern_v land_n instance_a a_o 1070._o and_o between_o lanfranke_n and_o odo_n a_o 1071._o and_o between_o the_o king_n and_o anselme_n pag_n 15_o 16._o and_o the_o determine_n of_o treason_n of_o john_n afterward_o king_n against_o his_o lord_n and_o king_n richard_n pag_n 23._o and_o the_o difference_n concern_v the_o title_n of_o a_o barony_n between_o mowbray_n and_o scotvile_n pag_n 25._o and_o give_v of_o security_n of_o good_a behaviour_n by_o william_n brawse_v to_o king_n john_n pag._n 26._o all_o these_o may_v well_o be_v determine_v only_o before_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o the_o parliament_n may_v be_v then_o sit_v or_o not_o sit_v as_o the_o contrary_a to_o either_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o therefore_o can_v these_o form_n no_o demonstrative_a ground_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o parliament_n consist_v in_o those_o time_n only_o of_o such_o as_o we_o now_o call_v the_o house_n of_o lord_n a_o three_o work_n whereby_o the_o opponent_n will_v prove_v the_o parliament_n to_o consist_v only_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n be_v because_o he_o find_v many_o thing_n by_o they_o conclude_v touch_v the_o solemnisation_n and_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o king_n both_o which_o he_o say_v be_v do_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n or_o those_o of_o that_o house_n and_o i_o shall_v crave_v leave_n to_o conclude_v the_o contrary_a for_o neither_o be_v the_o election_n or_o solemnisation_n of_o such_o election_n a_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o parliament_n according_a to_o the_o opponent_n principle_n nor_o can_v they_o prove_v such_o convention_n wherein_o they_o be_v to_o be_v parliament_n not_o the_o election_n of_o king_n for_o than_o may_v a_o parliament_n be_v without_o a_o king_n and_o therefore_o that_o instance_n concern_v william_n rufus_n page_n 16._o will_v fail_v or_o the_o opponent_n principle_n who_o will_v have_v no_o parliament_n without_o a_o king_n the_o like_a may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o the_o instance_n concern_v king_n steven_n page_n 18._o much_o less_o can_v the_o solemnisation_n of_o the_o election_n by_o coronation_n be_v a_o proper_a work_n for_o the_o parliament_n nevertheless_o the_o opponent_n do_v well_o know_v that_o both_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n and_o the_o solemnisation_n of_o such_o election_n by_o coronation_n be_v spiritless_a motion_n without_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o though_o his_o instance_n page_n 17._o concern_v the_o election_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o by_o the_o bishop_n and_o prince_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v restrictive_a as_o to_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o such_o in_o fact_n if_o matthew_n paris_n may_v be_v believe_v honor._n mr._n selden'_v title_n of_o honor._n who_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o conventus_fw-la omnium_fw-la be_v clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la and_o may_v have_v be_v note_v by_o the_o opponent_n out_o of_o that_o learned_a antiquary_n so_o often_o by_o he_o cite_v if_o he_o have_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o matter_n a_o four_o sort_n of_o instance_n concern_v matter_n ecclesiastical_a and_o make_v of_o canon_n and_o hereof_o enough_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o such_o work_n be_v absolute_o challenge_v by_o the_o church-mote_n as_o their_o proper_a work_n and_o therefore_o the_o instance_n page_n 16_o 17._o of_o the_o council_n in_o henry_n the_o fir_v time_n and_o the_o canon_n make_v by_o the_o bishop_n there_o and_o that_o other_o call_v by_o theobald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o instance_a by_o the_o opponent_n page_n 19_o i_o say_v both_o these_o do_v fail_v in_o the_o conclusion_n propound_v five_o as_o touch_v the_o most_o proper_a work_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o make_n of_o law_n concern_v the_o liberty_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n the_o opponent_n produce_v not_o one_o instance_n concern_v the_o same_o which_o do_v not_o conclude_v contrary_a to_o his_o proposal_n for_o as_o touch_v those_o two_o instance_n in_o his_o thirteen_o page_n anno_fw-la 1060._o they_o concern_v not_o the_o make_n of_o law_n but_o the_o revive_n of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v difuse_v former_o which_o may_v well_o enough_o be_v do_v by_o private_a council_n but_o as_o to_o that_o in_o his_o fifteen_o page_n of_o the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o conqueror_n concern_v remigius_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o we_o find_v not_o the_o particular_a title_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n yet_o beside_o the_o council_n of_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbat_n and_o prince_n we_o find_v the_o common_a council_n for_o so_o the_o word_n be_v communi_fw-la concilio_n &_o concilio_n archiepiscopus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la abatus_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la principum_fw-la although_o the_o opponent_n will_v seem_v to_o wave_v these_o word_n et_fw-la concilio_n but_o put_v they_o in_o a_o small_a character_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o a_o voluminous_a letter_n that_o the_o reader_n eye_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o they_o and_o overlook_v the_o other_o second_o as_o to_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o council_n at_o clarindon_n in_o his_o nineteenth_o page_n which_o he_o cit_v out_o of_o matthew_n paris_n matthew_z westminster_z and_o hoveden_n although_o he_o please_v to_o mention_v the_o several_a rank_n of_o great_a man_n and_o those_o in_o black_a letter_n of_o a_o great_a size_n and_o say_v that_o not_o one_o commoner_n appear_v yet_o master_n selden'_v hoveden_n in_o that_o very_a place_n 703._o tit._n honour_n pag._n 703._o so_o often_o by_o the_o opponent_n cite_v tell_v he_o that_o both_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v there_o three_o the_o opponent_n cit_v a_o instance_n of_o law_n make_v by_o richard_n the_o first_o in_o his_o twenty_o four_o page_n and_o he_o set_v down_o the_o several_a rank_n of_o great_a man_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n ingenious_o mention_v milites_fw-la but_o it_o be_v with_o a_o gloss_n of_o his_o own_o that_o they_o be_v baron_n that_o be_v make_v knight_n when_o as_o former_o baron_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o general_a and_o therefore_o how_o proper_a this_o gloss_n be_v let_v other_o judge_n especial_o see_v that_o not_o only_a milites_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la gregorij_fw-la but_o even_o ministri_fw-la be_v present_a in_o such_o convention_n even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o master_n selden_n in_o the_o former_a know_a place_n mention_v a_o observation_n that_o 703._o tit._n honour_n pag._n 703._o vniversi_fw-la personae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la sicut_fw-la ceteri_fw-la barones_n debent_fw-la interest_n judicijs_fw-la curiae_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la cum_fw-la baronibus_fw-la four_o he_o cit_v in_o his_o twenty_o five_o page_n
they_o have_v usurp_v in_o their_o synod_n which_o they_o hold_v only_o for_o church-visitation_n which_o they_o can_v never_o have_v because_o the_o sapientes_fw-la regni_fw-la have_v their_o vote_n therein_o as_o free_o as_o they_o nor_o can_v the_o prelate_n by_o any_o law_n entitle_v themselves_o to_o such_o power_n or_o privilege_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o wtttagenmote_a for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o german_a priest_n have_v a_o liberty_n to_o be_v present_a in_o these_o grand_a assembly_n and_o to_o have_v some_o presidency_n therein_o as_o to_o command_v silence_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o be_v no_o title_n to_o these_o tacitus_n tacitus_n unless_o they_o will_v interest_n themselves_o as_o their_o successor_n to_o possess_v by_o a_o jus_o divinum_fw-la that_o jus_o diabolicum_fw-la which_o those_o priest_n former_o have_v in_o a_o way_n of_o immediate_a providence_n somewhat_o like_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o mantle_n of_o eliah_n find_v by_o elisha_n they_o may_v i_o grant_v plead_v the_o title_n from_o king_n but_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v also_o that_o king_n as_o yet_o have_v no_o more_o power_n over_o the_o church_n then_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o can_v they_o have_v that_o from_o the_o lord_n which_o the_o lord_n never_o have_v but_o be_v ever_o account_v among_o the_o majora_fw-la and_o of_o which_o the_o wittagenmot_n have_v the_o only_a cognisance_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v in_o some_o particular_n ensue_v unto_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o clergy_n must_v be_v add_v as_o i_o say_v the_o freeman_n to_o make_v up_o the_o micklemote_a complete_a and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o no_o monument_n of_o story_n speak_v of_o this_o grand_a meeting_n from_o their_o be_v in_o germany_n until_o after_o the_o come_n of_o austin_n yet_o when_o as_o the_o saxon_a history_n than_o find_v they_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n that_o the_o german_a story_n leave_v they_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o the_o interval_n they_o continue_v their_o wont_a custom_n although_o they_o have_v no_o learning_n to_o leave_v monument_n thereof_o unto_o the_o world_n and_o hereof_o the_o example_n be_v not_o rare_a in_o those_o remembrance_n that_o those_o ancient_a time_n have_v leave_v we_o for_o within_o six_o year_n after_o augustine_n arrival_n aethelbert_n call_v a_o common-council_n tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la 53._o council_n brit._n 126._o ll._n sax._n lamb._n cantab._n foe_n 1._o ibid._n foe_o 22._o ibid._n foe_o 53._o ina_n after_o he_o make_v law_n suasu_fw-la &_o instituto_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la omnium_fw-la senatorum_fw-la &_o natu_fw-la majorum_fw-la sapientum_fw-la populi_fw-la in_fw-la magna_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la frequentia_fw-la alfred_n after_o he_o reform_v the_o former_a law_n consulto_fw-la sapientum_fw-la after_o he_o aethelsian_n call_v a_o council_n in_o which_o be_v the_o archbishop_n and_o with_o he_o the_o optimates_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la frequentissimi_fw-la beside_o other_o whereof_o i_o shall_v treat_v now_o that_o i_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n handle_v in_o this_o court_n the_o matter_n in_o agitation_n in_o the_o wittagenmot_n general_o be_v all_o both_o of_o public_a and_o private_a concernment_n that_o which_o concern_v the_o public_a be_v such_o as_o regard_v removal_n of_o inconvenience_n such_o as_o be_v law_n for_o league_n and_o affinity_n with_o other_o nation_n for_o prevent_v of_o war_n and_o thus_o become_v the_o saxon_n and_o briton_n unite_v 36._o council_n brit._n p._n 219._o ll._n lamb._n cantabr_n foe_fw-mi 36._o and_o the_o mortal_a feud_n between_o those_o two_o nation_n lay_v aside_o and_o they_o make_v one_o and_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n reconcile_v by_o a_o covenant_n agree_v unto_o and_o swear_v between_o both_o nation_n the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o their_o make_n of_o war_n of_o defence_n against_o foreign_a invasion_n matter_n of_o public_a and_o general_a charge_n also_o be_v debate_v and_o conclude_v in_o that_o assembly_n as_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n 139._o ll._n edw._n lamb._n cam._n foe_n 139._o it_o be_v say_v they_o be_v grant_v rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la such_o also_o as_o concern_v the_o church_n for_o so_o edwin_n the_o king_n of_o northumberland_n upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o a_o christian_a lady_n be_v importune_v to_o renounce_v his_o paganism_n answer_v he_o will_v so_o do_v 51._o antiq._n brit._n p._n 51._o if_o that_o his_o queen_n religion_n shall_v be_v account_v more_o holy_a and_o honourable_a to_o god_n by_o the_o wise_a man_n and_o prince_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o all_o the_o church_n law_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v make_v in_o the_o miklemote_a monastery_n be_v by_o their_o general_a consent_n dedicate_v 321._o council_n brit._n 127._o ibid._n 321._o &_o their_o possession_n confirm_v the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n make_v the_o metropolitan_a matter_n also_o of_o private_a regard_n be_v there_o proceed_v upon_o as_o not_o only_o general_a grievance_n but_o pervert_v of_o justice_n in_o case_n of_o private_a person_n as_o in_o that_o council_n call_v synodale_n concilium_fw-la under_o beornulfus_fw-la the_o mercian_n king_n 332._o ibid._n 332._o quaesitum_fw-la est_fw-la quomodo_fw-la quis_fw-la cum_fw-la justicia_fw-la sit_fw-la tractatus_fw-la seu_fw-la quis_fw-la injust_a sit_fw-la spoliatus_fw-la the_o name_n of_o which_o council_n call_v synodall_n mind_v i_o to_o intimate_v that_o which_o i_o have_v often_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o but_o yet_o can_v viz._n that_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n between_o the_o general_a synod_n and_o the_o wittagenmot_n unless_o mere_o in_o the_o first_o occasion_n of_o the_o summons_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o credit_n to_o be_v allow_v to_o that_o book_n call_v 3._o cap._n 1._o sec._n 3._o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n it_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o grand_a assembly_n be_v to_o confer_v of_o the_o government_n of_o god_n people_n how_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v from_o sin_n live_v in_o quiet_a and_o have_v right_o do_v they_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o law_n and_o more_o especial_o of_o wrong_n do_v by_o the_o king_n 2._o sec._n 2._o queen_n or_o their_o child_n for_o that_o the_o king_n may_v not_o by_o himself_o or_o justice_n determine_v cause_n wherein_o himself_o be_v actor_n 11._o cap._n 4._o sec._n 11._o and_o to_o sum_n up_o all_o it_o seem_v a_o court_n make_v to_o rise_v and_o stoop_v according_a to_o occasion_n the_o manner_n of_o debate_n be_v conclude_v by_o vote_n and_o the_o sum_n take_v in_o the_o gross_a by_o noise_n lacedem_fw-la tacitus_n plut._n lycurg_n thucyd._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-la lacedem_fw-la like_v to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o determine_v what_o be_v propound_v clamoro_fw-la non_fw-la calculis_fw-la yet_o when_o the_o noise_n be_v doubtful_a they_o take_v the_o vote_n several_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o saxon_n at_o this_o assembly_n in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v certain_a tacitus_n tacitus_n viz._n at_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n but_o religion_n change_v other_o thing_n change_v these_o time_n to_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n pentecost_n and_o the_o nativity_n at_o which_o time_n they_o use_v to_o present_v themselves_o before_o the_o king_n at_o his_o court_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o person_n and_o to_o consult_v and_o provide_v for_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o at_o such_o time_n king_n use_v to_o make_v show_n of_o themselves_o in_o their_o great_a pomp_n crown_v with_o their_o royal_a crown_n this_o custom_n continue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o 1158._o an._n 1158._o who_o at_o worcester_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o nativity_n offer_v his_o crown_n upon_o the_o altar_n and_o so_o the_o ceremony_n cease_v this_o grand_a assembly_n thus_o constitute_v be_v hold_v sacred_a and_o all_o the_o member_n or_o that_o have_v occasion_n therein_o be_v under_o the_o public_a faith_n both_o in_o go_v and_o come_v unless_o the_o party_n be_v fur_n probatus_fw-la if_o a_o member_n be_v wrong_v the_o delinquent_n pay_v double_a damage_n and_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o aethelbert_n above_o a_o thousand_o year_n ago_o 35_o council_n brit._n p._n 127._o ll._n canut_n p._n 2._o cap._n 79._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o this_o privilege_n of_o safe_a pass_n be_v thus_o ancient_a and_o fundamental_a and_o not_o by_o any_o law_n take_v away_o rest_v still_o in_o force_n but_o how_o far_o it_o belong_v to_o such_o as_o be_v no_o member_n and_o have_v affair_n nevertheless_o depend_v on_o that_o court_n i_o be_o not_o able_a to_o determine_v yet_o it_o seem_v that_o privilege_n outreach_v member_n unless_o we_o shall_v conceit_v so_o wide_a that_o the_o state_n do_v suppose_v that_o a_o member_n may_v be_v a_o notorious_a and_o know_a thief_n last_o this_o assembly_n though_o it_o be_v call_v the_o wittagenmot_n or_o the_o meeting_n of_o wise_a man_n yet_o all_o that_o will_v come_v may_v be_v
present_a and_o interpose_v their_o like_n or_o dislike_n of_o the_o proposition_n si_fw-la displicuit_fw-la sententia_fw-la fremitu_fw-la aspernatur_fw-la si_fw-la placuit_fw-la frameas_fw-la concutiunt_fw-la and_o some_o hint_n i_o meet_v with_o that_o this_o course_n continue_v here_o in_o england_n for_o some_o precedent_n run_v in_o magna_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la frequentia_fw-la as_o that_o of_o ina_n ingulfus_n ll._n sax._n lamb._n p._n 1._o council_n brit._n 219._o ingulfus_n common_a consilium_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la another_o council_n by_o he_o hold_v the_o council_n of_o winton_n an._n 855._o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a man_n aliorumque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudine_fw-la and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o it_o continue_v thus_o after_o the_o norman_a time_n what_o power_n the_o vulgar_a have_v to_o control_v the_o vote_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n i_o find_v not_o fremitu_fw-la 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of_o administration_n of_o justice_n these_o the_o historian_n call_v minora_fw-la because_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v only_o the_o present_a passion_n of_o state_n afterward_o when_o they_o have_v get_v a_o king_n into_o their_o number_n they_o have_v so_o much_o the_o more_o work_n as_o may_v concern_v due_a correspondency_n between_o he_o and_o the_o people_n and_o of_o themselves_o towards_o both_o this_o work_n be_v not_o small_a especial_o in_o those_o time_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o king_n but_o much_o great_a by_o the_o access_n of_o prelate_n into_o their_o number_n with_o who_o come_v also_o a_o glut_n of_o church_n affair_n that_o continual_o increase_v according_a as_o the_o prelate_n ambition_n swell_v so_o as_o this_o council_n may_v seem_v to_o rule_v the_o church_n alone_o in_o those_o day_n when_o as_o few_o motion_n that_o any_o way_n concern_v churchman_n but_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o prelatical_a cognisance_n as_o the_o minora_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o thus_o under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o minora_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o the_o minora_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la this_o mix_a council_n of_o lord_n come_v by_o degree_n to_o intermeddle_v too_o far_o in_o the_o magnalia_fw-la regni_fw-la 694._o mag._n cent_n 8._o cap._n 9_o an._n 712._o council_n brit._n p._n 189._o an._n 694._o for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o worship_v of_o image_n and_o the_o mass_n be_v obtrude_v upon_o the_o saxon_n by_o the_o roman_a bishop_n and_o his_o legate_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o decree_v that_o no_o temporal_a or_o lay_v person_n shall_v possess_v any_o ecclesiastical_a possession_n that_o election_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o officer_n shall_v be_v by_o bishop_n that_o the_o possession_n of_o churchman_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o lay_v service_n and_o tax_n and_o in_o one_o sum_n they_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o bind_v not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o free_a man_n in_o which_o have_v these_o lord_n reflect_v more_o upon_o the_o office_n and_o less_o upon_o the_o person_n and_o not_o at_o all_o upon_o their_o private_a interest_n they_o doubtless_o have_v be_v a_o blessing_n to_o their_o generation_n and_o a_o golden_a sceptre_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o righteous_a king_n but_o contrary_o miss_v their_o way_n they_o become_v a_o sword_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n against_o the_o subject_n a_o snare_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o have_v not_o the_o wittagenmot_n in_o their_o meeting_n allay_v those_o distemper_n the_o saxon_a government_n have_v be_v little_a other_o than_o a_o commonweal_n reverse_v chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o the_o condition_n of_o state_n or_o kingdom_n be_v diverse_o consider_v in_o war_n and_o peace_n so_o also_o must_v their_o government_n be_v for_o however_o war_v in_o itself_o be_v but_o a_o feverish_a distemper_n in_o a_o commonweal_n yet_o in_o some_o case_n it_o be_v as_o necessary_a as_o a_o kindly_a ague_n in_o due_a season_n be_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o body_n which_o many_o time_n take_v distemper_n rather_o from_o the_o excellency_n of_o its_o constitution_n then_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o humour_n nor_o do_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o saxon_a commonweal_n ever_o shine_v more_o than_o in_o war_n while_o it_o set_v a_o law_n upon_o that_o which_o ordinary_o be_v master_n of_o all_o misrule_n and_o confusion_n and_o so_o fight_v by_o rule_n rather_o than_o by_o passion_n their_o chief_n in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o field_n 35_o tacitus_n ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o either_o at_o the_o wittagenmot_n or_o the_o folkmot_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o command_n be_v carry_v upon_o a_o shield_n bear_v upon_o their_o shoulder_n like_v as_o now_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v this_o emblem_n they_o entertain_v he_o with_o to_o declare_v their_o trust_n in_o he_o and_o the_o work_n that_o be_v expect_v from_o he_o his_o first_o title_n be_v heretock_n afterward_o he_o be_v call_v duke_n or_o deuce_n the_o latter_a whereof_o turn_v to_o a_o bare_a title_n in_o the_o conclusion_n but_o the_o former_a maintain_v its_o own_o honour_n so_o long_o as_o the_o name_n last_v after_o his_o election_n all_o swear_v to_o be_v at_o his_o order_n and_o not_o to_o forsake_v he_o this_o be_v a_o trick_n of_o embase_v time_n tacitus_n tacitus_n for_o though_o the_o lacedaemonian_a law_n be_v positive_a that_o none_o shall_v fly_v or_o break_v his_o rank_n but_o get_v the_o victory_n or_o die_v yet_o be_v they_o neither_o bind_v by_o oath_n or_o penalty_n shame_n in_o those_o time_n be_v account_v worse_a than_o death_n by_o those_o brave_a mind_n but_o time_n grow_v more_o old_a grow_v also_o more_o base-spirited_n and_o can_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o field_n hold_v in_o rank_n by_o oath_n or_o honour_n and_o this_o occasion_v that_o law_n of_o ina_n the_o saxon_a king_n that_o in_o such_o case_n a_o country_n gentleman_n shall_v be_v fine_v 120_o shilling_n if_o he_o be_v land_v 10._o ll._n sax._n lamb._n cantab._n 10._o but_o if_o otherwise_o 60_o shilling_n and_o the_o yeoman_n 30_o shilling_n and_o afterward_o the_o penalty_n be_v increase_v to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 1009._o council_n brit._n p._n 528._o an._n 1009._o in_o their_o war_n they_o go_v forth_o by_o body_n collective_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v by_o the_o law_n of_o pledge_n this_o make_v they_o stick_v close_o together_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o family_n and_o friend_n tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o render_v their_o encounter_n mortal_a and_o to_o the_o worsted_n party_n common_o fatal_a for_o once_o beat_v in_o the_o field_n they_o can_v hardly_o recover_v either_o by_o rally_v or_o gather_v a_o new_a army_n probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v have_v their_o villain_n to_o follow_v they_o in_o the_o battle_n but_o the_o strength_n consist_v of_o the_o free_a man_n and_o though_o many_o be_v bind_v by_o tenure_n to_o follow_v their_o lord_n to_o the_o war_n and_o many_o be_v volunteer_n yet_o it_o seem_v all_o be_v bind_v upon_o call_v under_o peril_n of_o fine_a and_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v arm_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 35._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35._o their_o lord_n and_o their_o own_o person_n and_o these_o they_o may_v neither_o pawn_v nor_o sell_v but_o leave_v they_o to_o descend_v to_o their_o heir_n and_o in_o default_n of_o they_o to_o their_o lord_n and_o in_o default_n of_o he_o to_o their_o chief_a pledge_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o to_o the_o king_n they_o muster_v their_o arm_n once_o every_o year_n both_o in_o town_n and_o hundred_o viz._n the_o morrow_n after_o candlemas_n and_o such_o who_o body_n be_v unfit_a for_o service_n be_v to_o find_v sufficient_a man_n for_o service_n in_o their_o stead_n they_o be_v strict_a in_o their_o
15._o nor_o out_o of_o the_o county_n without_o allowance_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o other_o governor_n of_o the_o same_o and_o if_o any_o controversy_n arise_v between_o the_o pledge_n the_o chief_a pledge_n by_o they_o choose_v call_v also_o the_o dean_n or_o headburrough_n may_v determine_v the_o same_o 20._o ll._n edw._n c_o 20._o but_o this_o hold_v only_o in_o matter_n of_o light_a consequence_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o francheses_n and_o first_o of_o the_o church_n franche_n we_o have_v hitherto_o tread_v in_o the_o ride_v way_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o commonweal_n but_o private_a regard_n have_v make_v by-path_n which_o we_o must_v trace_v or_o else_o the_o footstep_n in_o many_o particular_n will_v remain_v unknown_a these_o be_v call_v exemption_n but_o more_o ordinary_o francheses_n from_o which_o scarce_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n remain_v free_a and_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v eithet_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n or_o person_n in_o the_o late_a i_o intend_v that_o of_o the_o churchman_n who_o person_n and_o estate_n in_o many_o particular_n be_v exempt_v from_o the_o civil_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n their_o person_n devote_v to_o a_o peculiar_a work_n they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v under_o a_o peculiar_a law_n call_v the_o canon_n law_n which_o at_o the_o first_o extend_v only_o to_o their_o own_o person_n and_o that_o only_a pro_fw-la reformatione_fw-la morum_fw-la 258._o council_n brit._n p._n 258._o for_o so_o a_o archbishop_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o do_v teach_v quomodo_fw-la canonici_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la regulares_fw-la clerici_fw-la vivere_fw-la debent_fw-la but_o when_o it_o grow_v to_o its_o full_a charge_n it_o give_v a_o loud_a report_n quicunque_fw-la aliquid_fw-la tenuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o fundo_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la mansionem_fw-la habuerit_fw-la extra_fw-la curiam_fw-la ecclesiasticam_fw-la non_fw-la placitabit_fw-la quamvis_fw-la foris_fw-la fecerit_fw-la conf._n ll._n edw._n conf._n and_o thus_o as_o church_n ground_n increase_v by_o the_o blind_a charity_n of_o those_o time_n so_o long_a churchman_n multiply_v and_o the_o canon_n enlarge_v from_o the_o person_n of_o reguler_o to_o all_o clergyman_n and_o from_o they_o to_o their_o tenant_n and_o neighbour_n from_o thence_o to_o certain_a spiritual_a or_o ecclesiastical_a crime_n or_o scandal_n wherever_o they_o be_v find_v and_o wherever_o it_o touch_v it_o take_v and_o bind_v by_o excommunication_n 7._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 7._o and_o upon_o significavit_fw-la being_n first_o deliver_v to_o satan_n they_o deliver_v he_o over_o to_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o law_n to_o be_v imprison_v if_o the_o offender_n be_v out_o of_o reach_n by_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o and_o one_o day_n he_o be_v outlaw_v so_o as_o there_o be_v no_o way_n leave_v to_o escape_v the_o church_n fury_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o second_o franche_n call_v the_o march_n franchise_n of_o the_o place_n be_v such_o as_o be_v limit_v within_o precinct_n of_o place_n &_o annex_v thereto_o and_o of_o this_o sort_n first_o be_v those_o of_o the_o border_n of_o which_o those_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a that_o border_v the_o briton_n now_o call_v the_o march_n of_o wales_n in_o which_o be_v a_o peculiar_a government_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v administration_n of_o justice_n for_o otherwise_o the_o subject_n each_o of_o they_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o service_n of_o their_o own_o prince_n this_o be_v therefore_o a_o three_o different_z and_o mix_v government_n agree_v upon_o joint_o between_o the_o briton_n and_o saxon_n who_o after_o a_o long_a and_o burdensome_a war_n wherein_o both_o people_n be_v well_o weary_v by_o degree_n become_v friend_n enter_v traffic_n and_o into_o the_o strict_a society_n by_o marriage_n thus_o find_v the_o sweetness_n of_o peace_n they_o provide_v against_o future_a occasion_n of_o strife_n that_o may_v arise_v in_o commerce_n by_o the_o justle_n of_o two_o law_n together_o &_o agree_v in_o one_o law_n &_o upon_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o judge_n elect_v by_o common_a consent_n who_o be_v to_o see_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n as_o joint_a assessor_n from_o these_o as_o i_o conceive_v arise_v those_o which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o lord_n marcher_n 3._o ll._n aetheld_a cap._n 3._o and_o be_v at_o the_o first_o twelve_o in_o number_n viz._n six_o saxon_n and_o six_o briton_n it_o seem_v this_o form_n of_o government_n be_v first_o institute_v by_o aetheldred_n and_o by_o way_n of_o prescription_n or_o custom_n continue_v till_o this_o day_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o birth_n of_o truce_n so_o for_o the_o future_a become_v both_o mother_n and_o nurse_n of_o peace_n between_o those_o two_o people_n like_o the_o twilight_n between_o the_o day_n and_o night_n until_o both_o be_v bring_v under_o one_o head_n and_o by_o divine_a providence_n settle_v in_o a_o last_a day_n chap._n xxix_o of_o county_n palatine_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o francheses_n be_v these_o which_o be_v call_v county_n palatine_n which_o be_v certain_a parcel_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assign_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n and_o their_o successor_n with_o royal_a power_n therein_o to_o execute_v all_o law_n establish_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o province_n hold_v of_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o within_o this_o precinct_n no_o more_o then_o in_o the_o march_n these_o be_v occasion_v from_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o stout_o defend_v their_o liberty_n against_o the_o usurp_a power_n of_o those_o great_a king_n that_o endeavour_v to_o have_v the_o dominion_n over_o the_o who_o heptarchy_n and_o not_o be_v easy_o overcome_v be_v admit_v into_o composition_n of_o tributary_n and_o therefore_o be_v find_v very_o ancient_a for_o alfred_n put_v one_o of_o his_o judge_n to_o death_n for_o pass_a sentence_n upon_o a_o malefactor_n for_o a_o offence_n do_v in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o and_o the_o same_o author_n recite_v another_o example_n of_o his_o justice_n against_o another_o of_o his_o judge_n for_o put_v one_o to_o death_n without_o precedent_n render_v the_o king_n reason_n for_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o commissioner_n ought_v to_o determine_v such_o case_n except_v those_o lord_n in_o who_o precinct_n the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o chap._n xxx_o of_o francheses_n of_o the_o person_n francheses_n of_o the_o person_n be_v such_o liberty_n annex_v unto_o the_o person_n as_o be_v not_o absolute_a lordship_n but_o only_o tend_v thereto_o and_o limit_v within_o a_o precinct_n but_o not_o annex_v thereto_o and_o these_o be_v matter_n of_o profit_n rather_o than_o power_n as_o those_o of_o bury_n st._n edmond_n doncaster_n dorchester_n circester_n all_o which_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n 5._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o and_o these_o or_o some_o of_o they_o have_v juridical_a power_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o robbery_n arise_v within_o that_o precinct_n so_o as_o the_o delinquent_n be_v both_o inhabitant_n and_o take_v within_o the_o same_o this_o be_v call_v infangtheoff_n infangtheoff_n infangtheoff_n and_o if_o upon_o fresh_a pursuit_n make_v by_o the_o right_a owner_n or_o possessor_n the_o delinquent_n be_v take_v with_o the_o prey_n in_o his_o possession_n or_o as_o the_o old_a dialect_n be_v handhaben_n backbearend_a 26_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 26_o then_o be_v he_o carry_v immediate_o before_o the_o coroner_n of_o that_o liberty_n and_o the_o sakeber_n or_o party_n wrong_v make_v his_o proof_n by_o witness_n and_o thereupon_o judgement_n forthwith_o pass_v without_o answer_n and_o execution_n immediate_o ensue_v some_o liberty_n have_v outfangtheoff_n 15._o outfangtheoff_n bracton_n lib._n 3._o tract_n 2._o cap._n 35._o briton_n cap._n 15._o that_o be_v the_o trial_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o such_o delinquent_n be_v no_o inhabitant_n and_o yet_o take_v within_o the_o liberty_n or_o inhabitant_n and_o not_o take_v within_o the_o liberty_n but_o this_o trial_n be_v always_o by_o jury_n the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o liberty_n be_v not_o obscure_o manifest_v in_o their_o name_n and_o more_o clear_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o act_n 21_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 21_o for_o it_o be_v observe_v of_o alfred_n that_o he_o seize_v a_o franche_n of_o infangtheoff_n because_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o franche_n will_v not_o send_v a_o fellow_n take_v within_o his_o liberty_n for_o a_o felony_n commit_v without_o the_o same_o to_o the_o gaol_n of_o the_o county_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v other_o liberty_n there_o be_v grant_v also_o by_o charter_n a_o taste_n whereof_o may_v be_v see_v in_o one_o grant_v make_v by_o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o glastenbury_n wherein_o be_v grant_v sack_n hamsockne_v friderbrece_n forstel_n teme_n flemone_n ferdre_fw-fr hundred_o setene_n sock_n tholl_n adae_fw-la horda_fw-mi bufan_n orderan_n bene_n orderan_n the_o
he_o over_o for_o though_o he_o may_v seem_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o chase_n to_o be_v draw_v to_o london_n where_o the_o crown_n be_v and_o that_o he_o rather_o seek_v after_o his_o enemy_n than_o it_o yet_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o perceive_v the_o crown_n in_o his_o power_n he_o dispute_v not_o the_o right_a although_o that_o be_v edgar_n but_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o long_o desire_a prey_n and_o yet_o he_o do_v it_o in_o a_o mannerly_a way_n as_o if_o he_o see_v in_o it_o somewhat_o more_o than_o gold_n and_o precious_a stone_n for_o though_o he_o may_v have_v take_v it_o by_o ravishment_n yet_o he_o choose_v the_o way_n of_o woo_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o mutual_a agreement_n thus_o this_o mighty_a conqueror_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v conquer_v and_o stoop_v under_o the_o law_n of_o a_o saxon_a king_n he_o become_v a_o king_n by_o leave_n wise_o foresee_v that_o a_o title_n get_v by_o election_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o be_v get_v by_o power_n chap._n xlv_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n be_v by_o election_n some_o there_o be_v that_o build_v their_o opinion_n upon_o passionate_a note_n of_o angry_a writer_n and_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o duke_n way_n and_o title_n be_v whole_o by_o conquest_n and_o thence_o infer_v strange_a aphorism_n of_o state_n destructive_a to_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n let_v the_o reader_n please_v to_o peruse_v the_o ensue_a particular_n and_o thence_o conclude_v as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o title_n of_o conquest_n be_v never_o further_o than_o the_o king_n thought_n if_o it_o ever_o enter_v therein_o else_o wherefore_o do_v he_o pretend_v other_o title_n to_o the_o world_n but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o his_o wisdom_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o pretend_v what_o he_o intend_v and_o yet_o in_o practice_n intend_v not_o at_o what_o he_o do_v pretend_v it_o will_v be_v the_o skill_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o consider_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o william_n coronation_n and_o his_o succeed_a government_n his_o coronation_n questionless_a be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n for_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n because_o he_o of_o canterbury_n be_v not_o canonical_a at_o his_o coronation_n he_o make_v a_o solemn_a covenant_n to_o observe_v those_o law_n which_o be_v bonae_fw-la &_o approbatae_fw-la &_o antique_a leges_fw-la regni_fw-la 190._o hoveden_n eadmer_n hist_o l._n 1._o p._n 13._o m._n paris_n vit_fw-fr gulielm_n malmsb_n l._n 3._o for_n 154._o wigorn._n an._n 1066._o glossar_n ll._n gul._n spicil_n 190._o to_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o church_n man_n to_o govern_v all_o the_o people_n just_o to_o make_v and_o maintain_v righteous_a law_n and_o to_o inhibit_v all_o spoil_n and_o unjust_a judgement_n the_o people_n also_o enter_v into_o covenant_n with_o he_o that_o as_o well_o within_o the_o land_n as_o without_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o their_o lord_n king_n william_n and_o in_o every_o place_n to_o keep_v with_o all_o fidelity_n his_o land_n and_o honour_n together_o with_o he_o and_o against_o enemy_n and_o stranger_n to_o defend_v it_o be_v the_o selfsame_o in_o substance_n with_o the_o fealty_n that_o the_o saxon_n make_v to_o their_o king_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o paralel_v they_o both_o together_o the_o saxon_n be_v swear_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n against_o stranger_n and_o enemy_n together_o with_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n together_o with_o he_o with_o all_o faithfulness_n so_o as_o by_o the_o saxon_a way_n the_o allegiance_n first_o terminate_v on_o the_o kingdom_n and_o then_o as_o in_o order_n thereunto_o upon_o the_o king_n with_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n but_o the_o norman_a either_o whole_o omit_v the_o first_o as_o needless_a to_o be_v insert_v in_o a_o municipal_a law_n itself_o be_v a_o law_n in_o nature_n or_o else_o include_v all_o within_o the_o word_n land_n and_o honour_n take_v the_o same_o in_o a_o comprehensive_a sense_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v up_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o saxon_a fealty_n in_o few_o figure_n which_o may_v seem_v the_o more_o probable_a of_o the_o twain_o because_o little_a reason_n can_v be_v render_v why_o the_o king_n shall_v restrain_v that_o defence_n to_o his_o private_a land_n if_o he_o claim_v all_o by_o conquest_n when_o as_o all_o equal_o concern_v he_o or_o why_o he_o shall_v exclude_v the_o public_a when_o as_o both_o himself_o and_o all_o he_o have_v be_v embark_v therein_o and_o it_o may_v subsist_v without_o he_o but_o contrary_o not_o he_o without_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o my_o understanding_n nor_o do_v the_o thing_n enter_v into_o the_o king_n purpose_n if_o the_o file_n of_o his_o purpose_n be_v right_o consider_v for_o speak_v concern_v castle_n burrough_n and_o city_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o limb_n of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v build_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o people_n and_o kingdom_n be_v this_o the_o service_n of_o wall_n and_o fortification_n 61._o ll._n gul._n spicil_n 61._o and_o not_o much_o rather_o of_o man_n within_o those_o place_n of_o strength_n certain_o the_o plain_a english_a be_v that_o in_o time_n of_o breach_n of_o public_a quiet_a and_o peace_n the_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o order_n thereto_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o the_o king_n right_o include_v in_o the_o public_a defence_n else_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a conclusion_n that_o each_o man_n in_o particular_a and_o in_o their_o own_o person_n alone_o be_v bind_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n right_a but_o be_v embody_a the_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o more_o clear_o its_o apparent_a in_o that_o the_o service_n of_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o those_o day_n be_v determine_v upon_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n 1213._o m._n paris_n an._n 1100_o 1213._o and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o which_o be_v more_o plain_a for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n in_o or_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n expound_v the_o same_o 1._o stat._n 7._o e._n 1._o but_o not_o to_o force_v the_o king_n sense_n by_o argument_n if_o the_o king_n have_v purposely_o omit_v that_o clause_n of_o the_o kingdom_n safety_n as_o of_o inferior_a regard_n to_o his_o own_o personal_a interest_n it_o be_v one_o of_o his_o rashe_v digression_n wherein_o he_o soon_o espy_v his_o error_n for_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o strong_a and_o conquer_a army_n he_o hold_v himself_o unassure_v unless_o he_o have_v a_o better_a foundation_n then_o that_o which_o must_v change_v with_o the_o life_n of_o a_o few_o at_o the_o utmost_a and_o therefore_o beside_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n former_o mention_v he_o establish_v a_o law_n of_o association_n that_o all_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v swear_v brethren_n 59_o ll._n gulielm_n spicil_n 59_o 1._o to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n with_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o enemy_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n 2._o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o crown_n 3._o to_o maintain_v right_a and_o justice_n by_o all_o mean_n without_o deceit_n and_o delay_n join_v then_o these_o two_o oath_n together_o viz._n that_o of_o fealty_n and_o this_o of_o fraternity_n and_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o english_a to_o the_o norman_a king_n be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o may_v stand_v with_o brotherhood_n and_o tender_a regard_n of_o the_o public_a above_o all_o and_o differ_v from_o the_o saxon_a fealty_n only_o in_o this_o that_o that_o be_v in_o one_o oath_n &_o this_o in_o two_o wherefore_o whatsoever_o respect_v steer_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o king_n course_n it_o be_v less_o material_a so_o long_o as_o the_o van_n be_v right_a albeit_o that_o the_o sequel_n will_v prove_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o premise_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o whole_a account_n thus_o enter_v the_o first_o norman_n upon_o the_o saxon_a throne_n and_o as_o he_o have_v some_o colour_n of_o right_a to_o countenance_v his_o course_n rufus_n william_n rufus_n so_o have_v his_o son_n his_o father_n last_o will_n and_o yet_o he_o have_v as_o little_a right_n as_o he_o this_o be_v william_n rufus_n that_o be_v of_o his_o father_n way_n but_o of_o a_o deep_o die_v and_o therefore_o may_v well_o be_v call_v william_n rufus_n or_o william_n in_o grain_n he_o be_v exceed_v happy_a in_o the_o fear_n or_o favour_n of_o the_o
people_n for_o he_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o make_v room_n for_o his_o rise_n true_a it_o be_v he_o have_v the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o father_n but_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o probable_o the_o people_n as_o little_a regard_v it_o as_o he_o do_v they_o nor_o be_v it_o ever_o observe_v that_o the_o english_a crown_n be_v of_o so_o light_a account_n as_o to_o pass_v by_o devise_n of_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v design_v to_o he_o from_o his_o father_n yet_o both_o right_a and_o possession_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o people_n to_o determine_v and_o maintain_v the_o clergy_n first_o lead_v the_o way_n paris_n eadmer_n hist_o wigorn._n m._n paris_n have_v fist_n take_v a_o recognizance_n of_o he_o for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n towards_o they_o which_o he_o assure_v as_o far_o as_o large_a promise_n and_o protestation_n will_v serve_v the_o turn_n and_o within_o one_o year_n after_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o maintain_v possession_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n he_o give_v they_o as_o good_a security_n as_o the_o clergy_n have_v which_o he_o keep_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o one_o of_o so_o small_a interest_n in_o the_o title_n but_o what_o he_o have_v by_o the_o people_n leave_n and_o favour_n shall_v rule_v in_o such_o manner_n and_o yet_o die_v a_o king_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n be_v like_o a_o meteor_n that_o must_v be_v continual_o feed_v or_o it_o soon_o go_v out_o and_o fall_v for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n be_v his_o elder_a brother_n roberts_n who_o be_v the_o brave_a man_n and_o more_o experience_a soldier_n and_o upon_o these_o principle_n have_v obtain_v the_o love_n of_o the_o norman_a baron_n the_o flower_n of_o his_o father_n chivalry_n 1088._o m._n paris_n an._n 1088._o &_o the_o like_n of_o the_o clergy_n after_o they_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n the_o emptiness_n of_o their_o hope_n in_o his_o brother_n william_n and_o be_v every_o way_n so_o superior_a to_o his_o brother_n in_o advantage_n as_o we_o be_v leave_v to_o believe_v that_o william_n get_v the_o day_n without_o any_o other_o ground_n but_o only_o that_o god_n will_v so_o have_v it_o it_o be_v true_a the_o english_a stooke_v close_o to_o he_o but_o how_o they_o be_v gain_v or_o contain_v writer_n speak_v not_o but_o tell_v we_o of_o his_o promise_n which_o also_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v vain_a and_o never_o have_v issue_n further_o than_o will_v stand_v with_o his_o profit_n exit_fw-la william_n rufus_n first_o henry_n first_o and_o in_o come_v his_o young_a brother_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n a_o prince_n that_o excel_v in_o wisdom_n and_o by_o it_o rule_v his_o courage_n which_o serve_v he_o so_o far_o as_o his_o aim_n and_o end_v reach_v his_o title_n be_v no_o better_a than_o his_o father_n or_o brother_n but_o rather_o worse_a for_o he_o have_v no_o colour_n of_o last_o will_n to_o propound_v he_o to_o the_o people_n and_o his_o elder_a brother_n robert_n be_v still_o alive_a and_o by_o his_o service_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o war_n of_o jerusalem_n may_v merit_v that_o respect_n of_o the_o clergy_n as_o not_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o be_v a_o loose_a by_o so_o well_o deserve_a service_n as_o in_o those_o day_n that_o be_v account_v nevertheless_o the_o english_a look_n upon_o henry_n as_o the_o fit_a man_n for_o their_o turn_n be_v now_o at_o hand_n and_o robert_n at_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v a_o native_a bear_v in_o england_n civilise_a into_o the_o english_a garb_n by_o education_n and_o of_o a_o wise_a and_o fair_a demeanour_n and_o more_o incline_v to_o peaceable_a government_n which_o both_o norman_n and_o english_a much_o incline_v to_o as_o be_v weary_a of_o thirty_o year_n service_n in_o the_o war_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o marvellous_a if_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o he_o in_o a_o way_n of_o capitulation_n speed_n math._n paris_n 1100._o eadmer_n speed_n and_o less_o wonderful_a if_o he_o hearken_v thereunto_o and_o yet_o neither_o unadvised_o yield_v unto_o by_o he_o nor_o traitorous_o propound_v by_o they_o as_o some_o in_o zeal_n to_o monarchy_n conclude_v the_o point_n the_o worst_a of_o the_o whole_a matter_n rest_v in_o this_o that_o the_o king_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v just_a that_o he_o may_v be_v great_a and_o the_o people_n to_o submit_v unto_o justice_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_a like_v as_o their_o ancestor_n be_v and_o themselves_o by_o the_o law_n establish_v aught_o to_o be_v for_o that_o capitulation_n be_v in_o substance_n settle_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n mix_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o king_n father_n with_o the_o joint_a advice_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o which_o both_o the_o norman_a williams_n have_v often_o cofirm_v by_o solemn_a protestation_n and_o promise_n however_o their_o action_n upon_o sudden_a surprisal_n be_v malae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la and_o exactiones_fw-la injustae_fw-la paris_n math._n paris_n by_o this_o king_n own_o acknowledgement_n thus_o these_o three_o norman_a king_n make_v their_o way_n to_o the_o throne_n the_o first_o by_o arm_n under_o colour_n of_o title_n the_o second_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o title_n under_o colour_n of_o arm_n and_o the_o last_o by_o favour_n but_o all_o enter_v the_o same_o by_o capitulation_n election_n and_o stipulation_n and_o for_o the_o general_n have_v some_o regard_n to_o suit_v their_o course_n in_o order_n of_o retain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o their_o people_n although_o in_o a_o different_a measure_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o occasion_n chap._n xlvi_o that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o norman_n proceed_v upon_o the_o saxon_a principle_n and_o first_o of_o parliament_n the_o principle_n which_o i_o mean_v be_v these_o first_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o influence_n thereof_o upon_o the_o whole_a second_o the_o member_n of_o that_o government_n with_o their_o several_a motion_n three_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n or_o rule_n of_o those_o motion_n and_o first_o concern_v the_o legislative_a power_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o first_o williams_n great_a and_o most_o constant_a labour_n be_v to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o have_v but_o little_a time_n or_o liberty_n to_o enjoy_v yet_o that_o time_n of_o rest_n which_o have_v he_o do_v apply_v it_o and_o himself_o in_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o law_n by_o advice_n of_o common-council_n i_o say_v not_o by_o advice_n of_o his_o own_o heart_n or_o two_o or_o three_o norman_a lord_n or_o of_o the_o norman_a nobility_n only_o as_o some_o man_n take_v the_o confidence_n to_o aver_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v eye-witness_n to_o the_o action_n of_o those_o day_n but_o by_o the_o joint_n advise_v of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 5._o spicileg_n p._n 5._o i_o will_v not_o insist_v upon_o force_n of_o argument_n to_o show_v that_o common_a reason_n must_v of_o necessity_n sway_v the_o king_n into_o this_o course_n but_o shall_v reserve_v that_o to_o another_o place_n the_o testimony_n of_o writer_n must_v now_o serve_v the_o turn_n and_o herein_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o leichfield_n must_v have_v the_o first_o place_n which_o speak_v both_o of_o a_o council_n of_o lord_n and_o say_v that_o by_o their_o advice_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v summon_v a_o meeting_n of_o all_o the_o noble_n and_o wise_a man_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n to_o set_v down_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n this_o be_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o rather_o after_o his_o entry_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o kingdom_n be_v bring_v into_o any_o reasonable_a posture_n of_o quiet_a and_o which_o beside_o the_o intention_n of_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n according_a unto_o law_n do_v strong_o pretend_v that_o the_o parliament_n have_v the_o legislative_a power_n and_o right_n of_o cognisance_n and_o judicature_n in_o those_o law_n that_o concern_v the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a and_o for_o the_o particular_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o several_a place_n or_o precinct_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o committee_n or_o jury_n in_o every_o county_n to_o set_v they_o forth_o upon_o oath_n second_o that_o this_o council_n have_v power_n to_o change_v law_n may_v likewise_o appear_v in_o that_o act_n make_v concern_v the_o introduction_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n 4._o spicil_n 167._o fox_n mart._n l._n 4._o which_o show_v not_o only_o the_o power_n of_o that_o council_n in_o church-matter_n but_o also_o that_o the_o canon_n be_v no_o further_o in_o force_n then_o the_o same_o will_v allow_v and_o this_o be_v also_o do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n and_o the_o council_n
conquest_n be_v the_o clergy_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o day_n when_o as_o in_o every_o nation_n they_o grow_v checkmate_v and_o in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v well_o nigh_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o knight_n fee_n and_o thereby_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o conscience_n of_o they_o all_o and_o for_o a_o reserve_v they_o have_v the_o pope_n in_o the_o rear_n who_o power_n in_o every_o kingdom_n be_v little_a inferior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o king_n own_o and_o therefore_o sufficient_a to_o stop_v a_o absolute_a conquest_n unless_o it_o be_v first_o conquer_v but_o the_o king_n come_v in_o upon_o great_a disadvantage_n in_o both_o these_o regard_n for_o whereas_o his_o pretence_n upon_o his_o entery_n be_v to_o advance_v justice_n principal_o towards_o the_o clergy_n who_o former_o be_v wrong_v by_o harold_n or_o voice_v so_o to_o be_v this_o bind_v he_o from_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n and_o furthermore_o the_o pope_n have_v he_o in_o a_o double_a bond_n one_o as_o prince_n of_o the_o english_a clergy_n the_o other_o as_o judge_n of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o king_n own_o election_n and_o that_o by_o sentence_n for_o the_o king_n have_v merit_v of_o he_o if_o not_o to_o hold_v the_o crown_n itself_o by_o fealty_n to_o the_o roman_a see_v yet_o by_o such_o service_n as_o that_o the_o triple_a crown_n shall_v be_v no_o loser_n the_o king_n therefore_o must_v resolve_v to_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v with_o the_o church_n then_o will_v stand_v with_o the_o pope_n like_n unless_o he_o mean_v to_o adventure_v himself_o and_o all_o he_o have_v into_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o great_a curse_n of_o which_o the_o king_n will_v seem_v more_o sensible_a than_o perhaps_o he_o be_v nor_o be_v those_o time_n of_o the_o church_n so_o moderate_a as_o to_o bring_v forth_o churchman_n that_o will_v catch_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o laity_n by_o condescension_n or_o 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512._o ingulsus_n 512._o of_o those_o likewse_n that_o be_v resolute_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o that_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n who_o otherwise_o may_v under_o pretence_n of_o treachery_n have_v forfeit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o rapacious_a humour_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o this_o be_v not_o do_v only_o by_o valour_n for_o normandy_n stand_v in_o a_o totter_a condition_n with_o their_o duke_n partly_o draw_v away_o by_o the_o french_a that_o fear_v the_o duke_n will_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o they_o and_o partly_o decline_v their_o own_o further_a aid_n lest_o their_o duke_n shall_v be_v too_o great_a for_o the_o duchy_n it_o be_v therefore_o wisdom_n in_o the_o conqueror_n to_o settle_v the_o english_a affair_n in_o the_o fair_a way_n to_o gain_v they_o for_o himself_o who_o have_v be_v so_o brave_a against_o he_o but_o the_o great_a number_n especial_o of_o the_o commons_o look_v on_o while_n the_o game_n 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rule_n for_o government_n i_o remember_v it_o be_v affirm_v by_o some_o of_o those_o ancient_a writer_n that_o the_o duke_n or_o king_n will_v have_v bring_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o norwey_n but_o the_o earnest_a mediation_n of_o the_o english_a prevail_v against_o it_o and_o it_o evince_v two_o thing_n to_o my_o opinion_n first_o that_o there_o be_v question_n make_v what_o law_n shall_v be_v establish_v second_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o interest_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n they_o can_v not_o prevail_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o law_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o norwey_n which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o prima_fw-la materia_fw-la of_o their_o law_n but_o also_o in_o kind_n have_v a_o settle_n at_o that_o very_a time_n in_o those_o place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n where_o the_o dane_n have_v their_o principal_a seat_n and_o therefore_o not_o altogether_o strange_a to_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o the_o sum_n of_o which_o will_v be_v this_o that_o upon_o debate_v a_o law_n must_v be_v settle_v and_o that_o not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n own_o will_n nor_o the_o law_n that_o suit_v with_o his_o desire_n but_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o unquietness_n of_o some_o of_o the_o english_a bring_v the_o king_n to_o some_o thought_n of_o arbitrary_a rule_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o clog_n of_o saxon_a law_n it_o be_v long_o ere_o it_o stir_v and_o spring_v up_o too_o late_a to_o raise_v the_o title_n of_o conquest_n and_o wither_v too_o soon_o to_o settle_v it_o as_o touch_v the_o change_n of_o custom_n for_o that_o also_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o conqueror_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o some_o alteration_n may_v be_v in_o matter_n of_o small_a consideration_n yet_o be_v the_o writer_n not_o without_o mistake_n in_o the_o particular_a instance_n for_o whereas_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n and_o bring_v the_o custom_n of_o descent_n to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o that_o kent_n save_v their_o liberty_n and_o continue_v this_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v about_o the_o liberty_n of_o kent_n but_o must_v till_o i_o see_v better_a reason_n hold_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o change_n of_o inheritance_n to_o be_v a_o mere_a conceit_n for_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v that_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n if_o we_o believe_v glanvile_n the_o difference_n be_v between_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n 3._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 3._o and_o in_o socage_n the_o first_o of_o which_o in_o his_o time_n by_o ancient_a custom_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a and_o those_o land_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n if_o not_o partible_a by_o custom_n in_o which_o case_n they_o go_v equal_o to_o all_o the_o son_n go_v by_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n to_o the_o elder_a in_o other_o place_n to_o the_o young_a so_o as_o 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offend_v and_o another_o author_n say_v gulielm_n m._n paris_n fragm_n gulielm_n that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o desire_n to_o learn_v the_o english_a tongue_n that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o know_v their_o law_n and_o judge_v according_a thereto_o it_o be_v probable_a nevertheless_o that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o likely_a that_o the_o plead_n in_o real_a action_n especial_o be_v also_o in_o the_o same_o language_n else_o must_v the_o norman_n be_v put_v to_o school_v to_o learn_v english_a upon_o peril_n of_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o that_o either_o the_o write_a law_n be_v whole_o conclude_v into_o the_o norman_a tongue_n or_o that_o the_o public_a plead_n of_o cause_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n in_o all_o action_n where_o the_o issue_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o country_n be_v in_o any_o other_o language_n than_o english_a no_o advise_a reader_n will_v conceive_v see_v it_o have_v be_v a_o madness_n for_o a_o english_a jury_n 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the_o commons_o have_v little_a knowledge_n that_o they_o may_v thereby_o be_v enforce_v to_o depend_v upon_o these_o man_n for_o justice_n as_o well_o as_o for_o piety_n the_o norman_n therefore_o either_o find_v it_o too_o hard_a to_o alter_v the_o former_a custom_n in_o such_o case_n or_o else_o think_v it_o the_o wise_a way_n to_o choose_v the_o latin_a as_o a_o three_o language_n indifferent_a as_o well_o to_o the_o norman_n as_o saxon_n and_o best_a understand_v of_o any_o foreign_a tongue_n beside_o and_o yet_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v both_o people_n into_o one_o language_n as_o they_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v one_o people_n and_o to_o press_v the_o use_n of_o the_o norman_a tongue_n in_o public_a affair_n so_o far_o as_o may_v consist_v with_o good_a government_n and_o justice_n leave_v
withstand_v all_o though_o he_o have_v twice_o consent_v and_o once_o subscribe_v to_o they_o clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n have_v also_o receive_v some_o kind_n of_o allowance_n thereof_o even_o from_o rome_n itself_o 12._o cap._n 12._o clergy_n man_n hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la shall_v do_v such_o service_n as_o to_o their_o tenure_n belong_v and_o shall_v assist_v in_o the_o king_n court_n till_o judgement_n of_o life_n or_o member_n two_o thing_n be_v hereby_o manifest_a first_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o conqueror_n law_n former_o mention_v bishop_n still_o sit_v as_o judge_n in_o the_o king_n court_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n but_o it_o be_v upon_o cause_n that_o mere_o concern_v the_o laity_n so_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n extend_v only_o to_o separate_v the_o laity_n out_o of_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o not_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o the_o lay_v court_n second_o that_o the_o clergy_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o 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to_o choose_v his_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o also_o to_o displace_v by_o like_a council_n second_o in_o that_o he_o gain_v though_o at_o a_o dear_a rate_n wisdom_n to_o observe_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n and_o to_o apply_v himself_o according_a to_o occasion_n so_o live_v henry_n the_o three_o for_o three_o or_o four_o year_n after_o these_o trouble_n long_a enough_o to_o let_v the_o world_n know_v that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o govern_v like_o a_o english_a king_n and_o to_o teach_v his_o son_n by_o his_o own_o late_a experience_n to_o be_v a_o wise_a governor_n betimes_o for_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v train_v up_o in_o the_o tragedy_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n wherein_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a actor_n 1._o edw._n 1._o and_o have_v expiate_v the_o bloody_a way_n of_o his_o riotous_a youth_n by_o his_o holy_a war_n as_o they_o call_v it_o now_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o amends_o make_v by_o justice_n in_o 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may_v see_v the_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o king_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n the_o most_o part_n of_o those_o law_n be_v little_a other_o than_o plaster_n apply_v to_o particular_a botch_n of_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o king_n deal_v with_o a_o tender_a hand_n as_o if_o he_o fear_v to_o ulcerate_v any_o part_n and_o especial_o the_o clergy_n and_o therefore_o deliver_v the_o last_o law_n in_o a_o petitionary_a way_n to_o the_o clergy_n because_o it_o concern_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n in_o prohibit_v time_n and_o yet_o bind_v up_o all_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la to_o himself_o and_o his_o prerogative_n like_o a_o wise_a king_n that_o will_v neither_o loose_v right_a nor_o do_v wrong_a nor_o yet_o stickle_a to_o debate_v with_o his_o subject_n now_o when_o as_o his_o eye_n be_v upon_o a_o further_a mark_n 46._o walse_v 46._o for_o leolin_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n have_v affront_v he_o and_o though_o he_o can_v not_o endure_v affront_n yet_o can_v he_o dissemble_v they_o for_o advantage_n and_o so_o he_o suffer_v the_o parliament_n to_o run_v its_o course_n that_o he_o may_v have_v do_v the_o soon_o otherwise_o he_o have_v a_o seed_n of_o his_o father_n conceit_n that_o law_n be_v not_o make_v for_o king_n as_o appear_v afterward_o for_o after_o he_o have_v get_v his_o army_n into_o the_o field_n he_o take_v a_o fifteen_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o his_o father_n and_o this_o be_v inaudito_fw-la more_o 1276._o m._n west_n a_o 1276._o but_o there_o be_v no_o dispute_v with_o power_n and_o therefore_o the_o subject_n must_v be_v content_v rather_o to_o score_v it_o up_o against_o the_o future_a then_o require_v present_a pay_n so_o dangerous_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o england_n that_o king_n shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o gather_v army_n though_o for_o never_o so_o honourable_a employment_n the_o welsh_a chase_n be_v hot_o pursue_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o rid_v much_o way_n for_o it_o cost_v the_o english_a a_o voyage_n of_o nine_o year_n travel_n before_o they_o can_v attain_v the_o shore_n although_o it_o have_v be_v often_o within_o their_o view_n it_o may_v be_v the_o king_n find_v it_o advantageous_a for_o his_o government_n to_o maintain_v a_o army_n in_o the_o field_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o welsh_a war_n that_o he_o may_v more_o bow_v his_o subject_n to_o his_o own_o bent_n for_o during_o these_o war_n the_o king_n make_v many_o breathe_n and_o take_v time_n to_o look_v to_o the_o husband_n of_o his_o own_o revenue_n as_o those_o ordinance_n call_v extenta_fw-la manerii_fw-la and_o officium_fw-la coronatoris_fw-la do_v witness_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o bigami_fw-la but_o the_o people_n be_v not_o altogether_o yet_o tame_v for_o the_o time_n be_v still_o in_o war_n and_o they_o occasion_v much_o waste_n of_o treasure_n put_v the_o king_n to_o the_o utmost_a pitch_n of_o good_a husbandry_n and_o one_o degree_n beyond_o the_o same_o so_o as_o under_o colour_n of_o seize_v his_o own_o he_o sweep_v up_o also_o the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o his_o subject_n virg_n m._n west_n polyd._n virg_n some_o author_n recite_v the_o complaint_n of_o the_o church_n man_n other_o of_o the_o laity_n so_o as_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n be_v no_o respecter_n of_o person_n but_o his_o own_o this_o and_o other_o not_o unlike_a have_v almost_o occasion_v another_o combuston_n have_v not_o the_o meeting_n at_o gloucester_n settle_a thing_n for_o the_o present_a by_o refer_v the_o right_a of_o franchise_n to_o debate_v in_o the_o eyer_n and_o order_v reseisure_n of_o such_o liberty_n into_o the_o subject_n hand_n whereof_o they_o have_v be_v dispossess_v by_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la and_o quo_fw-la jure_fw-la under_o colour_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o bigami_fw-la nevertheless_o however_o debonair_a the_o king_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o sore_a between_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n be_v not_o full_o cure_v nor_o do_v the_o lord_n trust_v he_o further_o than_o needs_o must_v for_o whether_o they_o serve_v in_o the_o field_n or_o meet_v at_o council_n still_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o during_o this_o dare_a of_o each_o other_o be_v many_o profitable_a law_n make_v while_o neither_o party_n dare_v venture_v bloodshed_n in_o touch_v too_o nigh_o upon_o the_o privilege_n of_o each_o other_o principal_o because_o the_o affair_n in_o wales_n be_v but_o lay_v asleep_a and_o upon_o revive_v may_v turn_v the_o balance_n to_o either_o side_n the_o war_n awake_v again_o and_o therein_o be_v consume_v nigh_o five_o year_n more_o of_o the_o king_n reign_n so_o as_o what_o ever_o his_o intent_n be_v he_o can_v have_v hitherto_o little_a opportunity_n to_o effect_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n at_o home_n nor_o have_v he_o scarce_o breathe_v himself_o and_o army_n from_o the_o welsh_a war_n but_o he_o find_v both_o france_n and_o scotland_n his_o enemy_n at_o once_o the_o king_n face_v only_o the_o first_o and_o fight_v the_o second_o which_o hold_v he_o work_v the_o remainder_n of_o his_o day_n &_o at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o he_o ar_v both_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n at_o his_o own_o home_n as_o if_o providence_n have_v give_v he_o security_n for_o the_o good_a behaviour_n and_o yet_o it_o fail_v he_o in_o the_o issue_n and_o leave_v he_o to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o world_n whether_o his_o justice_n be_v spontaneous_a or_o by_o necessity_n for_o as_o yet_o he_o hold_v the_o grand_a charter_n at_o parley_n and_o therefore_o be_v rather_o eye_v then_o much_o trust_v albeit_o he_o be_v put_v upon_o confidence_n in_o the_o subject_n discretion_n for_o aid_n of_o he_o in_o his_o continual_a undertake_n nor_o do_v they_o disclaim_v he_o herein_o however_o chargeable_a it_o be_v for_o all_o seem_v willing_a he_o shall_v be_v employ_v any_o where_o so_o as_o not_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o king_n know_v it_o and_o therefore_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n into_o france_n he_o change_v the_o scene_n of_o war_n but_o to_o the_o other_o side_n as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o river_n in_o hope_n his_o lord_n will_v follow_v but_o it_o will_v not_o be_v this_o anger_v he_o and_o he_o they_o nor_o will_v his_o clergy_n allow_v he_o any_o aid_n papa_n inconsulto_fw-la and_o therefore_o he_o out_v they_o from_o his_o protection_n these_o and_o his_o irregular_a preparation_n for_o war_n by_o summons_n not_o only_o of_o his_o knight_n but_o all_o other_o that_o hold_v land_n worth_a 20_o li._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 69._o walf_v 69._o and_o tax_n impose_v by_o a_o arbitrary_a way_n increase_v rancour_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o state_n scowl_v little_o better_o than_o a_o quarrel_n for_o appease_v whereof_o the_o king_n grant_v a_o consultation_n upon_o a_o prohibition_n and_o unto_o both_o clergy_n and_o laity_n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n at_o the_o long_o run_v and_o allow_v it_o as_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o second_v the_o same_o with_o many_o succeed_a confirmation_n in_o the_o 27_o 1._o 25_o edw._n 1._o 28_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o if_o he_o have_v utter_o renounce_v all_o thought_n of_o a_o contrary_a way_n but_o the_o stat._n in_o his_o 28_o year_n have_v a_o sting_n in_o the_o tail_n that_o be_v as_o ill_o as_o his_o save_n of_o ancient_a aid_n and_o prisal_n which_o be_v in_o the_o stat._n of_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n though_o it_o be_v omit_v in_o this_o stat._n for_o the_o save_n be_v of_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o time_n and_o occasion_n will_v move_v the_o king_n heart_n to_o make_v it_o and_o thus_o this_o statute_n become_v like_o a_o hocus_n pocus_fw-la a_o thing_n to_o still_o the_o people_n for_o the_o present_a and_o serve_v the_o king_n turn_n that_o he_o may_v more_o free_o intend_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o scot_n which_o once_o do_v he_o may_v if_o he_o will_v try_v mastery_n with_o england_n but_o god_n will_v not_o have_v it_o so_o the_o king_n in_o scotland_n have_v power_n to_o take_v but_o can_v not_o overtake_v and_o the_o scot_n like_o bird_n of_o the_o prey_n have_v wit_n enough_o to_o fly_v away_o and_o courage_n enough_o to_o return_v upon_o advantage_n and_o so_o the_o king_n be_v leave_v to_o hunt_v the_o wind_n which_o make_v he_o to_o return_v he_o may_v now_o expect_v the_o applause_n of_o his_o people_n for_o his_o good_a success_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o those_o that_o have_v stop_v the_o broad_a way_n of_o his_o extravigant_a prerogative_n and_o therefore_o look_v big_a rub_v up_o old_a sore_n and_o have_v his_o army_n yet_o in_o the_o field_n send_v for_o those_o lord_n that_o will_v not_o follow_v he_o in_o his_o war_n in_o flanders_n all_o come_v and_o submit_v and_o as_o
england_n albeit_o that_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o the_o like_a present_a regard_n as_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v 26._o cap._n 26._o the_o writ_n of_o praecipe_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v grant_v of_o any_o free_a hold_n whereby_o a_o man_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v his_o court_n thereby_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o oppression_n in_o those_o time_n that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o inferior_a or_o lord_n court_v concern_v a_o free_a hold_n a_o writ_n of_o praecipe_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la may_v be_v have_v upon_o a_o surmise_n that_o the_o free_a hold_n be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o may_v prove_v a_o absolute_a destruction_n to_o the_o inferior_a court_n and_o be_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o demandant_o case_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n instead_o of_o the_o word_n court_n have_v the_o word_n cause_n there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o know_v weight_n and_o measure_n 27._o cap._n 27._o and_o one_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n throughout_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n this_o law_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v ancient_o establish_v among_o the_o saxon_n 3._o ll._n edgar_n c._n 3._o as_o former_o have_v be_v show_v and_o continue_v in_o the_o norman_n time_n and_o confirm_v by_o richard_n the_o first_o and_o king_n john_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o abridge_v the_o liberty_n of_o particular_a person_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o common_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o manner_n to_o avoid_v deceit_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o know_a price_n of_o clothes_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o wine_n be_v ordinary_o make_v in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o ale_n otherwise_o the_o measure_n of_o wine_n can_v not_o have_v be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n if_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o make_v in_o other_o country_n inquisition_n of_o life_n and_o member_n shall_v be_v ready_o grant_v without_o fee_n 28._o cap._n 28._o it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o latter_a original_n make_v to_o take_v away_o a_o norman_a oppression_n for_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o crime_n not_o bailable_a beyond_o the_o next_o county_n court_n or_o sheriff_n tear_v but_o when_o those_o rural_a court_n begin_v to_o lose_v their_o power_n and_o the_o king_n court_n to_o devour_v trial_n of_o that_o nature_n especial_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v but_o rare_a and_o for_o divers_a year_n many_o time_n intermit_v during_o all_o which_o time_n suppose_v offender_n must_v lie_v in_o prison_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n among_o the_o saxon_n it_o occasion_v a_o new_a device_n to_o save_v the_o common_a liberty_n by_o special_a writ_n sue_v out_o by_o the_o party_n imprison_v or_o under_o bail_n suppose_v himself_o circumvent_v by_o hatred_n and_o malice_n and_o by_o the_o same_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o a_o inquisition_n be_v take_v and_o trial_n make_v of_o the_o offence_n whether_o he_o deserve_v loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o suppose_a offender_n he_o be_v bail_v till_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n and_o for_o this_o the_o writ_n be_v call_v the_o writ_n of_o inquisition_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o sometime_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la but_o these_o inquest_n be_v soon_o become_v degenerate_a and_o subject_a to_o much_o corruption_n and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o meet_v with_o a_o countercheck_n from_o the_o law_n or_o first_o rather_o a_o regulation_n 11_o west_n 1._o cap._n 11_o for_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o inquest_n shall_v be_v choose_v upon_o oath_n and_o that_o two_o of_o the_o inquest_n at_o the_o least_o shall_v be_v knight_n and_o those_o not_o interress_v in_o the_o cause_n but_o yet_o this_o can_v not_o rectify_v the_o matter_n for_o it_o seem_v so_o impossible_a to_o do_v justice_n and_o show_v mercy_n this_o way_n 9_o glocest_n cap_n 9_o that_o the_o writ_n be_v at_o length_n take_v away_o and_o man_n leave_v to_o their_o lot_n till_o the_o come_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v endure_v above_o seven_o year_n for_o though_o the_o king_n be_v a_o brave_a soldier_n 29._o west_n 2._o cap._n 29._o and_o prosperous_a yet_o the_o people_n overcome_v he_o and_o recover_v their_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la again_o 29._o cap._n 29._o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o their_o tenant_n heir_n although_o they_o hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n in_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n soccage_n burgage_n or_o fee_n farm_n inferior_a lord_n have_v the_o same_o right_n of_o wardship_n with_o the_o king_n for_o their_o tenor_n in_o knightservice_n although_o their_o tenant_n do_v hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o knight-service_n which_o be_v a_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o tenant_n own_o person_n or_o by_o the_o person_n of_o his_o esquire_n or_o other_o deputy_n in_o his_o stead_n but_o as_o touch_v such_o service_n as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v do_v to_o he_o by_o render_v or_o serve_v he_o with_o arm_n or_o other_o utensile_n this_o be_v no_o knightservice_n though_o such_o utensile_n concern_v war_n 9_o glanvil_n lib_n 7._o cap._n 9_o but_o be_v call_v petit_n serjeanty_n as_o in_o the_o lawbooke_n do_v appear_v nevertheless_o henry_n the_o three_o have_v usurp_v wardship_n in_o such_o case_n also_o and_o the_o same_o among_o other_o occasion_v the_o baron_n war_n 30._o cap._n 30._o no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v a_o freeman_n to_o confess_v matter_n against_o himself_o upon_o oath_n without_o complaint_n first_o make_v against_o he_o nor_o shall_v receive_v any_o complaint_n without_o present_a proof_n this_o law_n in_o the_o original_n be_v set_v down_o in_o another_o kind_n of_o phrase_n in_o the_o first_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v obscure_a by_o reason_n thereof_o in_o express_a word_n it_o be_v thus_o no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v any_o man_n ad_fw-la legem_fw-la manifestam_fw-la which_o impli_v that_o the_o matter_n be_v otherwise_o obscure_a if_o the_o party_n that_o be_v complain_v of_o or_o suspect_v do_v not_o manifest_v the_o same_o by_o his_o own_o declare_v of_o the_o truth_n or_o matter_n inquire_v after_o and_o therefore_o they_o use_v in_o such_o case_n to_o put_v he_o to_o oath_n and_o if_o he_o deny_v the_o matter_n or_o acquit_v himself_o the_o judge_n will_v sometime_o discharge_v he_o or_o otherwise_o put_v he_o to_o his_o compurgator_n and_o this_o be_v call_v lex_fw-la manifesta_fw-la or_o lex_fw-la apparens_fw-la and_o it_o be_v a_o trick_n first_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o temporal_a judge_n imitate_v they_o therein_o and_o this_o become_v a_o snare_n and_o sore_a burden_n to_o the_o subject_n to_o avoid_v which_o they_o complain_v of_o this_o new_a kind_n of_o trial_n and_o for_o remedy_n of_o this_o usurpation_n this_o law_n revive_v and_o establish_v the_o only_a and_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n for_o glanvill_n say_v ob_fw-la infamiam_fw-la non_fw-la solet_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliquis_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la 106_o bracton_n foe_fw-mi 106_o and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v urge_v upon_o such_o difficulty_n unless_o by_o the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n be_v first_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o complaint_n and_o witness_n ready_a to_o maintain_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o both_o appeal_n and_o action_n then_o use_v to_o conclude_v their_o plea_n with_o the_o name_n of_o witness_n subjoin_v which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v imply_v in_o those_o general_a word_n in_o their_o conclusion_n et_fw-la inde_fw-la producit_fw-la sectam_fw-la svam_fw-la that_o be_v he_o bring_v his_o sect_n or_o suit_n or_o such_o as_o do_v follow_v or_o affirm_v his_o complaint_n as_o a_o other_o part_n also_o be_v imply_v in_o those_o word_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la paratus_fw-la est_fw-la verificare_fw-la hengham_n seld._n super_fw-la hengham_n for_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n sect_n or_o suit_n of_o witness_n do_v not_o full_o prove_v the_o matter_n in_o fact_n the_o defendant_n averment_n be_v make_v good_a by_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n and_o so_o the_o trial_n be_v conclude_v no_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_n 31._o cap._n 31._o or_o liberty_n outlaw_v or_o banish_v or_o invade_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n nor_o shall_v justice_n be_v
we_o find_v that_o henry_n the_o three_o about_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o his_o government_n grow_v towards_o the_o dregs_o he_o have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o barony_n he_o summon_v unto_o one_o of_o these_o parliamentary_a meeting_n baron_fw-fr gloss_n do_fw-mi baron_fw-fr but_o five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n and_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o of_o his_o clergy_n nevertheless_o the_o law_n of_o king_n john_n be_v still_o the_o same_o and_o we_o can_v right_o read_v the_o law_n in_o such_o precedent_n as_o be_v rather_o the_o birth_n of_o will_n then_o reason_n four_o that_o no_o aid_n be_v then_o grant_v but_o such_o as_o pass_v under_o the_o title_n escuage_z or_o according_a there_o unto_o for_o the_o word_n be_v no_o escuage_z shall_v be_v demand_v or_o grant_v or_o take_v but_o for_o redeem_v the_o king_n person_n knight_v of_o his_o son_n or_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n nor_o be_v the_o way_n of_o assess_v in_o these_o 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future_a and_o not_o in_o the_o pretertence_n last_o of_o all_o though_o not_o gather_v from_o the_o text_n of_o this_o law_n whereof_o we_o treat_v yet_o be_v coincident_a with_o the_o matter_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o the_o clergy_n be_v now_o in_o their_o ruffle_n and_o feel_v themselves_o in_o their_o full_a strength_n yet_o there_o befall_v a_o posture_n of_o state_n that_o discover_v to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o english_a hold_v not_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v of_o such_o public_a concernment_n or_o necessary_a concurrence_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1297._o walse_v an._n 1297._o as_o be_v pretend_v for_o the_o clergy_n find_v assessment_n of_o the_o laity_n so_o heavy_a and_o that_o occasion_n of_o public_a charge_n be_v like_a to_o multiply_v daily_o they_o therefore_o to_o save_v the_o main_a stock_n procure_v a_o inhibition_n from_o rome_n against_o all_o such_o imposition_n from_o the_o laity_n and_o against_o such_o payment_n by_o the_o clergy_n and_o in_o the_o strength_n of_o this_o they_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o aid_n edward_n the_o first_o by_o any_o such_o way_n although_o all_o the_o parliament_n have_v thereunto_o consent_v and_o thus_o have_v divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o parliament_n they_o be_v by_o they_o divide_v from_o it_o and_o not_o only_o out_v of_o all_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n but_o of_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o subject_n into_o the_o state_n of_o praemuniri_fw-la and_o thus_o set_v they_o up_o for_o a_o monument_n to_o future_a time_n for_o they_o also_o to_o act_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o those_o man_n as_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v but_o henry_n 3d._o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o ancient_a and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o assessment_n upon_o ordinary_a occasion_n take_v up_o that_o extraordinary_a course_n of_o assessment_n upon_o all_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v former_o take_v up_o only_o in_o that_o extraordinary_a 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confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n aforesaid_a not_o only_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n but_o also_o the_o free_a man_n and_o all_o the_o kingdom_n give_v a_o fifteen_o of_o all_o their_o moveable_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o sum_v up_o and_o compare_v both_o the_o copy_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o england_n liberty_n save_v two_o particular_n insert_v into_o the_o forest_n law_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o if_o any_o thing_n have_v be_v new_a and_o unreasonable_a king_n john_n may_v have_v colour_n to_o except_v against_o they_o as_o extort_a by_o force_n and_z henry_n the_o three_o may_v as_o he_o be_v advise_v plead_v nonage_n 1227._o m._n paris_n an._n 1227._o and_o so_o they_o may_v have_v be_v choke_v in_o their_o birth_n but_o be_v all_o consuetudines_fw-la as_o in_o the_o conclusion_n they_o be_v call_v and_o king_n ashamed_a to_o depend_v upon_o such_o frivolous_a exception_n it_o may_v be_v wonder_v what_o may_v move_v they_o to_o adventure_v so_o much_o bloodshed_n and_o themselves_o into_o so_o many_o trouble_n to_o avoid_v their_o own_o act_n unless_o the_o writing_n of_o they_o be_v a_o obligation_n acknowledge_v before_o the_o world_n and_o they_o resolve_v secret_o to_o be_v under_o none_o be_v loath_a to_o publish_v the_o same_o to_o all_o man_n it_o be_v a_o strange_a vanity_n in_o great_a man_n to_o pretend_v love_n to_o justice_n and_o yet_o not_o endure_v to_o be_v bind_v thereto_o when_o as_o we_o see_v that_o god_n himself_o love_v to_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o word_n and_o to_o have_v it_o plead_v because_o he_o delight_v as_o much_o to_o be_v acknowledge_v true_a in_o perform_v as_o good_a in_o promise_v but_o neither_o be_v king_n john_n or_o henry_n the_o three_o of_o this_o spirit_n fain_o they_o will_v undo_v but_o can_v not_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o but_o a_o king_n charter_n of_o confirmation_n and_o have_v king_n be_v patient_a therewith_o it_o may_v have_v grow_v no_o big_a but_o by_o opposition_n it_o root_v deep_a and_o grow_v up_o unto_o the_o stature_n of_o a_o statute_n and_o settle_v so_o fast_o as_o it_o can_v never_o be_v void_v but_o by_o surrender_n from_o the_o whole_a body_n 5._o marlbr_n cap._n 5._o have_v thus_o sum_v up_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o free_a man_n of_o england_n under_o this_o charter_n i_o shall_v make_v some_o appendix_n hereunto_o by_o annex_v a_o few_o additional_o in_o these_o time_n establish_v and_o although_o they_o come_v not_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n yet_o be_v they_o subservient_fw-fr thereunto_o and_o first_o concern_v the_o king_n and_o this_o either_o as_o he_o be_v king_n or_o as_o he_o be_v lord_n as_o king_n he_o have_v these_o prerogative_n above_o all_o lord_n 9_o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 9_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o fool_n and_o idiot_n land_n for_o their_o maintenance_n and_o shall_v render_v the_o same_o to_o their_o heir_n and_o concern_v madman_n and_o lunatic_n 10._o cap._n 10._o the_o king_n shall_v provide_v a_o baylisse_n for_o their_o maintenance_n render_v account_n to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v sober_a or_o to_o their_o administrator_n it_o be_v no_o less_o liberty_n or_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n that_o fool_n and_o mad_a person_n be_v to_o be_v order_v by_o tutor_n than_o child_n and_o therefore_o this_o may_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o law_n take_v they_o into_o their_o regard_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o estate_n which_o may_v be_v abuse_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a rather_o than_o out_o of_o respect_n have_v to_o their_o person_n now_o because_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o disability_n
consist_v in_o prevent_v and_o suppress_v riot_n rout_n unlawful_a assembly_n and_o in_o apprehend_v and_o secure_v of_o such_o as_o be_v actor_n and_o contriver_n of_o such_o design_n and_o other_o malefactor_n and_o herein_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v 1._o the_o law_n 2._o the_o mean_n 3._o the_o executive_a power_n concern_v the_o first_o there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v law_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o peace_n rest_v in_o the_o parliament_n although_o endeavour_v possible_o may_v be_v use_v to_o settle_v the_o same_o in_o the_o sole_a order_n of_o the_o king_n own_o person_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v not_o only_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n but_o general_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o statute_n at_o winton_n to_o be_v former_o take_v up_o by_o proclamation_n by_o king_n predecessor_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o who_o first_o that_o i_o can_v find_v put_v the_o same_o into_o the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n by_o parliament_n find_v by_o experience_n that_o proclamation_n may_v declare_v the_o king_n mind_n but_o not_o command_v the_o people_n will_n although_o peradventure_o the_o thing_n enjoin_v be_v of_o ancient_a use_n and_o little_a inferior_a to_o custom_n or_o common_a law_n such_o be_v the_o distemper_n of_o civil_a broil_n that_o bring_v up_o peace_n in_o the_o rear_n as_o a_o reserve_v when_o their_o own_o strength_n be_v waste_v rather_o than_o out_o of_o any_o natural_a inclination_n thereto_o a_o brief_a recollection_n of_o the_o law_n thus_o ensue_v 1._o stat_n wint._n 13_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 1._o in_o case_n of_o robbery_n or_o felony_n commit_v and_o the_o delinquent_n be_v not_o forth_o cem_v or_o discover_v the_o county_n or_o hundred_o shall_v answer_v the_o damage_n of_o this_o more_o may_v appear_v from_o the_o norman_a and_o saxon_a law_n the_o intent_n appear_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o to_o stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o use_v all_o mean_n by_o pursuit_n with_o hui_fw-fr and_o cry_v and_o make_v inquisition_n of_o the_o fact_n with_o all_o speed_n in_o township_n hundred_o franchise_n and_o county_n 2._o cap._n 2._o person_n suspect_v shall_v not_o be_v entertain_v or_o harbour_v by_o any_o inhahitant_n unless_o he_o will_v undertake_v for_o he_o of_o this_o also_o former_o both_o in_o the_o norman_a and_o saxon_a law_n 3._o cap._n 3._o wall_v town_n shall_v keep_v their_o gate_n shut_v from_o sun_n set_v to_o sun_n rise_v the_o like_a observe_v in_o city_n burrough_n and_o town_n from_o the_o feast_n of_o ascension_n to_o michaelmas_n the_o power_n of_o the_o watch_n be_v great_a it_o may_v apprehend_v any_o passenger_n and_o stay_v he_o all_o night_n and_o if_o he_o be_v a_o suspect_a person_n he_o be_v to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o a_o escape_n be_v make_v the_o party_n be_v to_o be_v pursue_v with_o hui_fw-fr and_o cry_v these_o two_o last_o chapter_n be_v in_o effect_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n in_o course_n by_o way_n of_o the_o king_n command_n by_o writ_n in_o the_o 36_o and_o 37_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n with_o some_o more_o particular_n concern_v the_o same_o 4._o m._n paris_n in_o addit_fw-la &_o post_n adversar_n cap._n 4._o high_a way_n through_o every_o lordship_n shall_v be_v keep_v clear_a on_o each_o side_n by_o the_o space_n of_o 200_o foot_n from_o hedge_n ditch_n bush_n and_o underwood_n high_a way_n herein_o intend_v be_v such_o as_o be_v from_o one_o market_n town_n to_o another_o and_o in_o such_o be_v always_o preserve_v the_o public_a peace_n or_o safety_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o commerce_n and_o freedom_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v of_o such_o public_a concernment_n that_o it_o have_v be_v of_o very_o ancient_a institution_n every_o man_n between_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n and_o forty_o shall_v maintain_v arm_n in_o his_o house_n 5._o cap._n 5._o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a assize_n for_o the_o preserve_n of_o the_o peace_n this_o chapter_n bring_v into_o consideration_n the_o second_o thing_n propound_v viz._n the_o mean_n of_o preserve_v of_o the_o peace_n which_o be_v two_o first_o by_o maintain_v arm_n 2._o by_o certify_v default_n in_o the_o first_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v the_o person_n that_o be_v to_o be_v assess_v 2._o the_o arm_n 3._o the_o end_n the_o person_n to_o be_v assess_v to_o arm_n be_v indefinite_o set_v down_o and_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n as_o well_o bond_n as_o free_v and_o other_o for_o such_o be_v the_o expression_n in_o the_o commission_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o hoveden_n 36_o hen._n 3._o m._n paris_n post_fw-la adversaria_fw-la hoveden_n but_o by_o the_o assize_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o none_o be_v to_o be_v arm_v but_o free_a man_n and_o they_o worth_a sixteen_o or_o ten_o mark_n in_o good_n at_o the_o least_o yet_o their_o age_n be_v limit_v by_o this_o law_n they_o must_v be_v between_o fifteen_o year_n and_o forty_o but_o by_o the_o commission_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n all_o between_o fifteen_o and_o sixty_o year_n of_o age_n be_v to_o be_v arm_v king_n john_n array_v all_o sort_n free_a bond_n and_o all_o other_o that_o have_v arm_n or_o aught_o to_o have_v or_o can_v carry_v arm_n 1213._o m_o paris_n anno_fw-la 1213._o and_o it_o seem_v by_o what_o have_v be_v former_o note_v that_o those_o that_o be_v young_a than_o their_o tenure_n will_v bear_v they_o out_o be_v accept_v into_o service_n if_o they_o will_v offer_v themselves_o but_o by_o these_o course_n they_o though_o under_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n be_v not_o only_o accept_v but_o compel_v to_o war_n addit_fw-la hoveden_n hen._n 2._o m._n paris_n addit_fw-la under_o this_o title_n we_o may_v also_o touch_v upon_o the_o person_n that_o be_v the_o instrument_n to_o array_v these_o man_n or_o rather_o to_o arm_v they_o and_o these_o be_v justice_n itinerant_a or_o one_o or_o more_o commissioner_n such_o as_o the_o king_n find_v most_o meet_a for_o the_o service_n and_o unto_o these_o be_v commission_n with_o instruction_n send_v and_o sometime_o writ_n be_v direct_v only_o to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o take_v with_o they_o twelve_o knight_n of_o the_o county_n adversaria_fw-la m._n paris_n post_fw-la adversaria_fw-la and_o to_o go_v into_o every_o hundred_o and_o call_v before_o they_o all_o such_o person_n as_o by_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v assess_v at_o arm_n and_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v swear_v to_o find_v and_o maintain_v arm_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o by_o the_o law_n they_o then_o shall_v be_v or_o former_o be_v assess_v and_o sometime_o the_o establishment_n of_o arm_n be_v set_v down_o in_o those_o writ_n and_o sometime_o publish_v by_o proclamation_n 1256._o m._n paris_n anno_fw-la 1253._o &_o 1256._o for_o king_n find_v all_o mean_n little_a enough_o to_o prevail_v to_o bring_v in_o alteration_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o their_o service_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n not_o only_o troublesome_a but_o chargeable_a and_o whereunto_o they_o can_v not_o easy_o prevail_v to_o bring_v the_o freeman_n to_o consent_n and_o therefore_o sometime_o the_o endeavour_n of_o king_n in_o such_o case_n do_v not_o only_o meet_v dilationem_fw-la 1253._o m._n paris_n an._n 1253._o but_o also_o deletionem_fw-la as_o the_o historian_n word_n be_v until_o the_o way_n be_v find_v out_o to_o declare_v a_o establishment_n by_o parliament_n by_o this_o statute_n make_v at_o winton_n now_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o establishment_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o their_o teanure_n 58._o ll._n gulielm_n 58._o into_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o knightservice_n and_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o soccage_n and_o that_o none_o but_o those_o be_v freeholder_n can_v be_v charge_v to_o find_v arm_n according_a as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n may_v appear_v the_o establishment_n of_o arm_n for_o the_o knight_n be_v establish_v by_o their_o tenor_n in_o certainty_n and_o therefore_o no_o need_n be_v either_o of_o assessment_n or_o oath_n to_o tie_v they_o to_o find_v such_o arm_n but_o all_o the_o difficulty_n be_v for_o such_o as_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o other_o tenure_n then_o as_o free_v bear_v subject_n all_o of_o who_o do_v owe_v to_o their_o country_n defence_n and_o so_o questionless_a have_v liberty_n to_o provide_v themselves_o of_o such_o arm_n as_o be_v by_o common_a and_o constant_a use_n hold_v most_o advantageous_a against_o the_o common_a enemy_n and_o for_o the_o public_a defence_n and_o that_o these_o be_v put_v in_o certainty_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n former_o note_v and_o by_o some_o instance_n in_o the_o saxon_a law_n ancient_o use_v 16._o ll._n aethelst_n c._n 16._o among_o other_o that_o law_n of_o aethelstane_n that_o for_o every_o plough_n every_o man_n
or_o provide_v for_o future_a generation_n nevertheless_o if_o all_o be_v grant_v viz._n that_o this_o statute_n be_v but_o a_o present_a order_n that_o the_o arm_n therein_o be_v too_o slight_a to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n and_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v only_o to_o enable_v the_o kingdom_n against_o thief_n and_o robber_n yet_o can_v not_o edward_n the_o first_o pretend_v to_o have_v any_o power_n to_o assess_v arm_n at_o pleasure_n upon_o occasion_n of_o war_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o precedent_n in_o story_n that_o countenance_v it_o seeing_z henry_n the_o third_z and_z henry_n the_o second_o in_o their_o course_n use_v the_o rule_n secundum_fw-la facultates_fw-la as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v and_o the_o rule_n forego_v tend_v only_o to_o freeman_n and_o their_o land_n nor_o do_v king_n john_n disclaim_v the_o same_o but_o pursue_v it_o and_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o precedent_n of_o prerogative_n in_o story_n which_o king_n john_n have_v not_o that_o king_n will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o king_n of_o wonderment_n i_o say_v king_n john_n pursue_v it_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o distemper_n threaten_v by_o the_o pope_n provoke_v by_o the_o french_a king_n now_o ready_a in_o the_o field_n vex_v by_o his_o people_n and_o himself_o scarce_o himself_o summon_v to_o defend_v himself_o themselves_o 1213._o m_o paris_n an._n 1213._o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n all_o man_n that_o ought_v to_o have_v arm_n or_o may_v have_v arm_n and_o such_o as_o have_v no_o amre_n and_o yet_o arma_fw-la habere_fw-la possint_fw-la let_v they_o also_o come_v ad_fw-la capiendum_fw-la solidatas_fw-la nostras_fw-la and_o according_o there_o come_v a_o vast_a number_n not_o only_o of_o the_o arm_a man_n but_o of_o the_o unarmed_a multitude_n who_o afterward_o be_v send_v to_o their_o own_o home_n when_o victual_n fail_v hitherto_o therefore_o king_n john_n not_o above_o three_o year_n before_o his_o death_n hold_v himself_o to_o the_o assessment_n to_o arm_n only_o of_o such_o as_o have_v land_n and_o at_o this_o time_n of_o exigency_n other_o unarmed_a be_v summon_v to_o take_v arm_n from_o the_o king_n with_o their_o pay_n or_o otherwise_o they_o must_v fight_v without_o weapon_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o last_o general_a point_n which_o concern_v the_o executive_a power_n of_o matter_n concern_v the_o peace_n within_o this_o law_n touch_v which_o the_o statute_n enforce_v this_o that_o constable_n in_o every_o hundred_o and_o franchise_n shall_v have_v the_o view_n of_o arm_n and_o shall_v present_v default_n against_o the_o statute_n of_o justice_n assign_v who_o shall_v certify_v the_o same_o to_o the_o king_n in_o every_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n shall_v provide_v remedy_n whereby_o it_o seem_v manifest_a that_o hitherto_o no_o law_n or_o custom_n be_v make_v against_o any_o for_o default_n of_o arm_n but_o only_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v a_o shift_n to_o cause_v they_o to_o swear_v to_o maintain_v arm_n and_o so_o may_v proceed_v upon_o default_n as_o in_o case_n of_o perjury_n and_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v still_o loath_a to_o set_v any_o certain_a rule_n for_o penalty_n and_o absolute_o decline_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o under_o a_o general_a periculo_fw-la incumbente_fw-la which_o its_o likely_a man_n will_v rather_o eschew_v by_o obedience_n than_o adventure_n upon_o out_o of_o a_o dare_a spirit_n unless_o their_o case_n be_v very_o clear_a within_o the_o mercy_n of_o common_a reason_n and_o therefore_o such_o case_n be_v leave_v to_o special_a order_n of_o the_o parliament_n rather_o than_o they_o will_v deliver_v such_o a_o rod_n as_o determine_v power_n be_v over_o into_o any_o uncertain_a hand_n what_o ever_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o this_o also_o have_v be_v controvert_v as_o if_o all_o the_o executive_a power_n have_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o the_o parliament_n order_n into_o the_o directory_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o thing_n reach_v far_o for_o then_o in_o order_n thereunto_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v have_v be_v under_o his_o safe_a command_n and_o whether_o it_o ever_o enter_v into_o the_o conceit_n of_o that_o king_n i_o know_v not_o but_o somewhat_o like_a thereunto_o be_v not_o obscure_o urge_v to_o nourish_v and_o suggest_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o notion_n and_o so_o derive_v it_o unto_o his_o successor_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o a_o statute_n de_fw-fr defension_n portandi_fw-la armorum_fw-la the_o english_a whereof_o i_o shall_v render_v out_o of_o the_o french_a as_o follow_v it_o belong_v to_o we_o viz._n edw._n 1._o and_o from_o we_o by_o our_o royal_a seignory_n to_o defend_v force_n of_o arm_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n that_o we_o shall_v please_v and_o to_o punish_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o this_o realm_n such_o as_o shall_v oppose_v and_o to_o this_o they_o viz._n lord_n and_o commons_o be_v bind_v we_o to_o aid_v as_o their_o good_a lord_n always_o when_o need_n shall_v be_v two_o thing_n be_v concurrant_fw-la with_o this_o which_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o statute_n if_o such_o it_o be_v the_o one_o be_v the_o preface_n or_o the_o occasion_n and_o the_o second_o be_v the_o conclusion_n upon_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o same_o the_o preface_n first_o set_v down_o the_o inscription_n or_o direction_n of_o the_o law_n not_o to_o the_o people_n but_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o bench_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o writ_n or_o declaration_n send_v unto_o his_o judge_n then_o it_o set_v down_o the_o occasion_n which_o be_v a_o debate_n between_o edw._n 1._o and_o his_o lord_n with_o a_o treaty_n which_o be_v have_v before_o certain_a person_n depute_v thereto_o and_o it_o be_v accord_v that_o at_o the_o next_o parliament_n order_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n that_o in_o all_o parliament_n treaty_n and_o other_o assembly_n which_o shall_v be_v have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o ever_o after_o all_o man_n shall_v come_v thereto_o without_o force_n and_o without_o arm_n well_o and_o peaceable_o and_o thence_o it_o recite_v that_o the_o say_a meeting_n at_o parliament_n be_v have_v and_o that_o there_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o cominalty_n be_v assemble_v to_o advise_v upon_o this_o matter_n nous_fw-fr eiont_fw-fr dit_fw-fr say_v one_o copy_n and_o nous_fw-fr eions_fw-fr dit_fw-fr say_v another_o copy_n so_o as_o whether_o this_o be_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n unto_o the_o parliament_n or_o of_o the_o parliament_n to_o the_o king_n be_v one_o doubt_n and_o a_o principal_a one_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o then_o the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o king_n command_v these_o thing_n shall_v be_v read_v before_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o bench_n and_o there_o enroll_v and_o this_o be_v date_v the_o 30._o of_o october_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v ann._n 1279._o so_o as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n than_o it_o impli_v as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o very_o well_o accept_v of_o the_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n will_v have_v it_o rest_v upon_o record_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o claim_n or_o protestando_fw-la for_o save_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o king_n hold_v it_o so_o precious_a a_o flower_n that_o fear_v it_o shall_v fade_v set_v it_o in_o a_o private_a garden_n of_o his_o own_o that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o careful_o nurse_v against_o the_o blast_n of_o time_n as_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v not_o assent_v thereto_o or_o if_o they_o do_v mean_v not_o to_o hold_v it_o forth_o to_o the_o world_n for_o future_a time_n to_o be_v a_o constant_a rule_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o concession_n to_o ease_v themselves_o of_o the_o present_a difficulty_n in_o make_v a_o law_n against_o wear_v of_o armour_n in_o ordinary_a civil_a affair_n and_o so_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o king_n care_n to_o provide_v against_o imergent_a breach_n of_o the_o peace_n as_o a_o expedient_a for_o the_o present_a inconvenience_n in_o affair_n and_o it_o will_v well_o suit_n with_o the_o posture_n of_o affair_n then_o in_o course_n for_o the_o welsh_a war_n be_v now_o intermit_v and_o a_o quiet_a of_o three_o year_n ensue_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o soldier_n have_v liberty_n to_o do_v nothing_o and_o that_o be_v next_o to_o naught_o but_o recreate_v themselves_o use_v their_o wont_a guise_n as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o dress_v that_o day_n that_o they_o be_v not_o arm_v nor_o fit_a for_o counsel_n