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justice_n chief_a court_n king_n 7,445 5 4.1182 3 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A59102 Two treatises written by John Selden ... ; the first, Of the original of ecclesiastical jurisdiction of testaments ; the second, Of the disposition or administration of intestates goods. Selden, John, 1584-1654. 1683 (1683) Wing S2442; ESTC R14343 21,396 30

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since_o with_o the_o marginal_a note_n of_o ex_fw-la concilio_n moguntino_n what_o other_o text_n be_v touch_v the_o power_n of_o the_o canon_n over_o performance_n of_o testament_n have_v reference_n to_o that_o course_n ordain_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n where_o any_o thing_n be_v give_v in_o pios_fw-la usus_fw-la not_o to_o a_o general_a jurisdiction_n for_o so_o be_v the_o canon_n nos_fw-la quidem_fw-la extr_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr testam_fw-la neither_o be_v that_o canon_n vltima_fw-la voluntas_fw-la in_o c._n 13._o q._n 2._o take_v out_o of_o s._n gregory_n otherwise_o to_o be_v understand_v if_o you_o interpret_v it_o as_o you_o ought_v by_o those_o 20._o those_o videsis_n greg._n lib._n 3._o epist_n 9_o &_o lib._n 9_o epist_n 20._o place_n of_o gregory_n whence_o it_o be_v take_v but_o the_o canonist_n general_o upon_o that_o canon_n si_fw-mi haeredes_fw-la take_v it_o that_o executio_fw-la testamentorum_fw-la ad_fw-la episcopos_fw-la spectat_fw-la and_o so_o those_o old_a one_o pope_n innocent_a the_o four_o bernard_n and_o other_o of_o the_o rest_n deliver_v and_o the_o 9_o the_o vid._n gonzal_n zuarez_n prax._n eccles_n lam._n 2._o praelud_fw-la 2._o sect._n 44._o &_o zerula_n prop_n episcop_n verb._n leg_n ad_fw-la quaest_n 9_o latter_a follow_v they_o yet_o they_o common_o restrain_v it_o and_o that_o in_o practice_n in_o other_o state_n to_o legacy_n give_v in_o pios_fw-la usus_fw-la and_o in_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n where_o twice_o the_o bishop_n power_n over_o testament_n be_v provide_v for_o 4._o for_o sess_n 12._o the_o reform_v cap._n 6._o &_o sess_n ult_n de_fw-fr reformat_fw-la c._n 4._o nothing_o be_v speak_v of_o but_o commutation_n of_o legacy_n and_o of_o such_o as_o be_v give_v in_o pios_fw-la usus_fw-la yet_o from_o ancient_a time_n both_o the_o intrinsical_a and_o extrinsecal_n jurisdiction_n of_o testament_n make_v of_o personal_a chattel_n in_o england_n have_v be_v and_o be_v in_o the_o church_n except_o in_o place_n where_o 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remain_v and_o elsewhere_o publish_v eadmerum_fw-la publish_v v._o spicilegia_fw-la in_o eadmerum_fw-la in_o what_o intercede_v from_o this_o time_n until_o about_o h._n 2._o i_o find_v not_o any_o testimony_n that_o give_v light_a to_o this_o purpose_n as_o the_o saxon_a law_n so_o those_o of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o of_o h._n 1._o and_o h._n 2._o mention_v nothing_o that_o taste_v of_o either_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n of_o testament_n only_o of_o a_o charter_n of_o h._n 1._o extant_a in_o matth._n paris_n and_o in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n this_o occurr_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la baronum_fw-la vel_fw-la hominum_fw-la meorum_fw-la infirmabitur_fw-la sicut_fw-la ipse_fw-la dabit_fw-la vel_fw-la dare_v jusserit_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la svam_fw-la ita_fw-la datam_fw-la esse_fw-la concedo_fw-la this_o may_v perhaps_o seem_v to_o denote_v that_o the_o king_n court_n determine_v of_o legacy_n especial_o of_o the_o king_n tenant_n but_o indeed_o it_o prove_v not_o so_o much_o 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the_o issue_n have_v be_v upon_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o testament_n as_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o bastardy_n it_o have_v be_v refer_v also_o to_o the_o spiritual_a judge_n chap._n vi_o whence_o linwood_n think_v the_o jurisdiction_n intrinsecal_n come_v to_o the_o church_n by_o what_o be_v before_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o intrinsical_a jurisdiction_n or_o probate_n be_v in_o the_o church_n and_o that_o by_o express_a testimony_n as_o ancient_o as_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 2._o and_o by_o all_o probability_n it_o be_v in_o settle_a use_n before_o that_o time_n be_v speak_v of_o in_o that_o treatise_n call_v glanvill_n as_o a_o know_a course_n of_o proceed_v although_o indeed_o yet_o i_o can_v never_o see_v a_o express_a probate_n in_o any_o particular_a case_n elder_a than_o about_o h._n 3._o but_o the_o beginning_n or_o course_n of_o this_o intrinsecal_n jurisdiction_n in_o the_o church_n be_v not_o for_o aught_o i_o have_v yet_o learned_a extant_a however_o fairefaxe_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n 4._o 2_o r._n 3._o tit_n teslam_n 4._o which_o perhaps_o he_o take_v from_o that_o of_o linwood_n libert_n tit._n the_o test_n c._n stat_fw-la verb._n ecclesia_fw-la libert_n haec_fw-la libertas_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la quoad_fw-la approbationem_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la say_v linwood_n fundatur_fw-la super_fw-la consensu_fw-la regio_fw-la &_o suorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la in_fw-la talibus_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la concesso_fw-la where_o he_o mean_v by_o in_o talibus_fw-la their_o power_n of_o commit_v of_o administration_n of_o intestates_fw-la good_n as_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o his_o quotation_n of_o that_o constitution_n of_o archbishop_n stafford_n tit_n de_fw-fr immunitate_fw-la eccles_n accidit_fw-la novitate_fw-la perversas_fw-la guidam_fw-la etiam_fw-la that_o power_n be_v give_v as_o i_o guess_v by_o parliament_n in_o king_n john_n time_n but_o thereof_o more_o in_o due_a place_n and_o linwood_n add_v item_n 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at_o such_o or_o such_o time_n they_o be_v not_o in_o practice_n as_o perhaps_o in_o the_o more_o ancient_a age_n this_o be_v not_o in_o these_o court_n but_o that_o it_o be_v original_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v to_o the_o temporal_a court_n which_o be_v all_o and_o ever_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o dignity_n royal_a be_v affirm_v also_o as_o in_o that_o cite_v in_o hensloe_n case_n out_o of_o jocelin_n history_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o a_o writ_n cottoniana_n writ_n cod._n ms._n hosp_n s._n leonardi_n in_o biblioth_n cottoniana_n 2_o h._n 5._o that_o prohibit_v the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n to_o call_v the_o executor_n of_o the_o tenant_n of_o s._n leonard_n hospital_n to_o prove_v their_o will_n before_o he_o because_o as_o the_o word_n be_v placita_fw-la de_fw-la cognitionibus_fw-la scriptorum_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angl._n ad_fw-la nos_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la nostram_fw-la specialiter_fw-la pertinent_a and_o 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230._o edit_fw-la 1588._o &_o videsis_n testam_fw-la leolodi_fw-la abbatis_fw-la floriani_n helgundi_fw-la initio_fw-la general_o the_o spiritual_a judge_n both_o before_o fairefaxe_v his_o time_n and_o since_o have_v this_o jurisdiction_n of_o probate_n and_o so_o have_v have_v without_o controversy_n ever_o since_o the_o disputation_n about_o it_o and_o other_o part_n of_o jurisdiction_n have_v with_o some_o clergyman_n by_o conier_n attorney_n general_n to_o philip_n valois_n and_o peter_n dreux_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o britain_n at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o clergy_n have_v there_o so_o extend_v their_o jurisdiction_n que_fw-fr les_fw-fr fauxbourg_n estoint_fw-fr trois_fw-fr fois_fw-fr plus_fw-fr grands_fw-fr que_fw-fr la_fw-fr ville_n as_o pasquire_n speak_v of_o they_o chap._n vii_o testimony_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n that_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v the_o extrinsecal_n jurisdiction_n then_o in_o the_o temporal_a court_n for_o the_o extrinsical_a jurisdiction_n as_o it_o seem_v by_o glanvill_n and_o other_o testimony_n that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n court_n under_o h._n 2._o and_o so_o by_o all_o probability_n before_o so_o out_o of_o other_o record_n of_o follow_a time_n somewhat_o may_v perhaps_o be_v collect_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o continue_v long_o in_o they_o as_o out_o of_o the_o patent_n of_o king_n john_n for_o oliver_n of_o rochford_n testament_n sciatis_fw-la say_v 6._o say_v patent_n 3._o reg._n johan_n membr_n 6._o the_o king_n nos_fw-la concessisse_fw-la testamentum_fw-la oliveri_n de_fw-fr rupe_n forti_fw-la sicut_fw-la rationabiliter_fw-la conditum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o apud_fw-la s._n florentiam_fw-la veterem_fw-la &_o rupem_fw-la fortem_fw-la scriptum_fw-la &_o ordinatum_fw-la quare_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la executorum_fw-la testamenti_fw-la ipsius_fw-la impediat_fw-la quin_fw-la illud_fw-la sicut_fw-la rationabiliter_fw-la conditum_fw-la est_fw-la faciant_fw-la then_o out_o of_o that_o of_o peter_n de_fw-fr roche_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_z chief_z justice_n of_o england_n touch_v the_o will_n of_o adam_n of_o gurdun_n rex_fw-la 22._o rex_fw-la rot._n claus_n joh._n membr_n 22._o dom._n p._n winton_n episc_n justice_n angl._n etc._n etc._n mandamus_fw-la vobis_fw-la quod_fw-la teneri_fw-la facias_fw-la testamentum_fw-la adae_fw-la de_fw-la gurdun_n quod_fw-la fecit_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la in_o angl._n secundum_fw-la dispositionem_fw-la testamenti_fw-la excepta_fw-la terra_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la domino_fw-la nostro_fw-la habuit_fw-la septimo_fw-la augusti_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la this_o express_o give_v some_o legal_a execution_n of_o a_o testament_n make_v of_o personal_a thing_n unto_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o in_o 15._o in_o claus_n 5_o h._n 3._o part_n 2._o m._n 7._o &_o 15._o 5_o h._n 3._o robert_n of_o lexinton_n have_v the_o possession_n of_o all_o the_o good_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr vletott_n the_o testator_n a_o writ_n go_v out_o to_o he_o to_o pay_v william_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n a_o debt_n of_o ninety_o mark_n out_o of_o they_o and_o that_o the_o rest_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o executor_n ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la testamentum_fw-la and_o another_o writ_n be_v send_v that_o he_o shall_v per_fw-la visum_fw-la &_o testimonium_fw-la execut._n sell_v all_o vletott_n good_n &_o denarios_fw-la quos_fw-la inde_fw-la fieri_fw-la feceritis_fw-la salvo_fw-la faciatis_fw-la reponi_fw-la sub_fw-la sigillo_fw-la vestro_fw-la &_o sigillo_fw-la executor_n pradict_v donec_fw-la aliud_fw-la mandatum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la inde_fw-la habueritis_fw-la and_o in_o 7_o hen._n 3._o a_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o lincoln_n est_fw-la lincoln_n claus_n 7_o h._n 3._o part_n 1._o membran_n 16._o idem_fw-la id_fw-la ipsum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la habetur_fw-la in_o commentario_fw-la 9_o v._n c._n ed._n cook_n f._n 38.6_o sumptum_fw-la est_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o it_o appear_v that_o richard_n fitz-dune_a die_v not_o intestate_a ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omne_fw-la catalla_n ipsius_fw-la richardi_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la nostram_fw-la capta_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la habere_fw-la facias_fw-la priori_fw-la de_fw-la
h._n 2._o where_o he_o say_v that_o if_o a_o legacy_n be_v detain_v the_o executor_n or_o other_o friend_n of_o the_o testator_n be_v to_o get_v the_o king_n write_v to_o the_o sheriff_n command_v quod_fw-la justè_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la facias_fw-la stare_n rationabilem_fw-la divisum_fw-la that_o be_v the_o bequest_n or_o legacy_n n._n sicut_fw-la rationabiliter_fw-la monstrari_fw-la poterit_fw-la quod_fw-la eam_fw-la fecerit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la ipsam_fw-la stare_v debeat_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o word_n there_o precede_v and_o subsequent_a that_o it_o have_v reference_n to_o movable_a or_o personal_a possession_n not_o to_o land_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o seem_v clear_a by_o that_o in_o h._n 2._o his_o time_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o personal_a legacy_n be_v in_o secular_a court_n but_o if_o the_o issue_n in_o secular_a court_n upon_o that_o writ_n come_v to_o be_v whether_o the_o testament_n be_v true_a or_o no_o or_o well_o make_v or_o whether_o the_o thing_n demand_v be_v in_o facto_fw-la bequeath_v tum_o say_v he_o placitum_fw-la illud_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la audiri_fw-la debet_fw-la &_o terminari_fw-la quià_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la testamentis_fw-la coram_fw-la judice_fw-la ecclesiastico_fw-la fieri_fw-la debet_fw-la &_o per_fw-la illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la testamento_fw-la intersuerint_fw-la testimonia_fw-la secundum_fw-la juris_fw-la ordinem_fw-la terminari_fw-la that_o be_v as_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o upon_o issue_n of_o bequeath_v or_o not_o bequeath_v of_o testament_n make_v or_o no_o testament_n the_o trial_n must_v have_v be_v otherwise_o than_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o latter_a 6.52_o latter_a 29_o ed._n 3.33_o a._n 44_o ed._n 3.16_o a._n perk._n 493._o 22h_o 6.52_o law_n wherein_o the_o testament_n be_v traversable_a and_o the_o traverse_v tryable_a in_o the_o king_n court_n by_o certificate_n to_o the_o temporal_a court_n from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a as_o at_o this_o day_n of_o institution_n bastardy_n and_o profession_n in_o religion_n and_o the_o like_a and_o thence_o may_v it_o be_v well_o conclude_v that_o at_o this_o time_n by_o the_o practise_a law_n the_o probate_n or_o the_o intrinsecal_n jurisdiction_n be_v in_o the_o church_n for_o as_o the_o institution_n bastardy_n and_o profession_n be_v to_o be_v certify_v because_o within_o the_o bishop_n jurisdiction_n some_o record_a testimony_n remain_v of_o the_o first_o and_o three_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o marriage_n or_o cohabitation_n that_o direct_v in_o the_o second_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v of_o only_a in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n so_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o testament_n or_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a legacy_n be_v to_o be_v certify_v from_o the_o spiritual_a court_n because_o the_o probate_n have_v there_o proceed_v and_o the_o copy_n there_o remain_v be_v most_o authentic_a otherwise_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v they_o have_v send_v to_o the_o spiritual_a court_n in_o such_o a_o case_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o institution_n profession_n and_o bastardy_n the_o consequence_n of_o they_o which_o be_v object_n of_o their_o extrinsecal_n jurisdiction_n as_o descent_n exclusion_n from_o inheritance_n gain_v it_o by_o a_o descent_n cast_v or_o legal_a make_v a_o church_n full_a or_o the_o like_a be_v determinable_a only_o at_o the_o common_a law_n so_o the_o consequence_n of_o a_o testament_n that_o be_v the_o recovery_n of_o legacy_n and_o such_o like_a as_o it_o seem_v by_o that_o writ_n be_v in_o the_o temporal_a not_o in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n i_o know_v the_o authority_n of_o that_o treatise_n be_v suspect_v and_o some_o of_o the_o best_a and_o ancient_a copy_n have_v the_o name_n of_o e._n de_fw-fr n._n which_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o diligent_a searcher_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o learning_n affirm_v to_o have_v be_v sometime_o e._n de_fw-fr narborough_n and_o not_o r._n de_fw-fr glanvilla_n it_o have_v be_v think_v to_o be_v another_o work_n and_o also_o of_o late_a time_n but_o as_o on_o the_o one_o side_n i_o dare_v not_o be_v confident_a that_o it_o be_v glanvill_n so_o i_o make_v little_a question_n that_o it_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o his_o time_n if_o not_o his_o work_n the_o test_n of_o the_o precedent_n of_o writ_n under_o his_o name_n the_o language_n especial_o the_o name_n of_o justitia_fw-la always_o for_o that_o which_o we_o now_o from_o ancient_a time_n call_v justitiarius_n and_o justitia_fw-la be_v so_o use_v in_o 16._o in_o ita_fw-la jo._n salisburgensis_n de_fw-fr nugis_fw-la curial_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 15._o &_o 16._o writer_n under_o h._n 2._o and_o the_o law_n deliver_v in_o it_o taste_v not_o of_o any_o late_a age._n and_o howsoever_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la of_o scotland_n publish_v by_o command_n of_o david_n the_o first_o under_o the_o time_n of_o our_o hen._n 1._o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o syllable_n with_o this_o suppose_a glanvill_n and_o express_o 38._o express_o regiam_fw-la majestat_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 38._o the_o very_a passage_n and_o the_o writ_n that_o we_o have_v now_o here_o note_v for_o testament_n that_o extrinsecal_n jurisdiction_n of_o those_o time_n in_o the_o secular_a court_n be_v perhaps_o denote_v by_o those_o word_n in_o the_o testament_n of_o theobald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n under_o king_n stephen_n 57_o stephen_n jo._n sarisburg_n epist_n 57_o supremis_fw-la say_v he_o deficientium_fw-la voluntatibus_fw-la suum_fw-la accommodant_fw-la jura_fw-la favorem_fw-la where_o he_o devise_v only_o personal_a thing_n and_o use_n i_o think_v jura_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o common_a law_n than_o the_o spiritual_a which_o be_v in_o the_o most_o usual_a phrase_n of_o that_o time_n design_v by_o canon_n in_o this_o time_n of_o hen._n 2._o divers_a fierce_a controversy_n fall_v between_o the_o law_n and_o spiritual_a jurisdiction_n and_o the_o particular_n of_o they_o be_v large_o relate_v at_o the_o end_n of_o quadrilogus_fw-la in_o gervase_n of_o dover_n in_o roger_n of_o wendover_n in_o john_n of_o salisbury_n and_z matthew_z paris_z but_o in_o he_o most_o abrupt_o yet_o not_o the_o least_o mention_n be_v in_o they_o touch_v any_o matter_n of_o this_o jurisdiction_n and_o in_o the_o main_a case_n of_o our_o spiritual_a court_n depend_v under_o h._n 2._o and_o send_v by_o appeal_n to_o rome_n which_o yet_o remain_v in_o the_o epistle_n of_o john_n of_o salisbury_n there_o be_v not_o one_o that_o touch_v upon_o either_o of_o these_o jurisdiction_n of_o testament_n in_o the_o church_n but_o indeed_o there_o be_v one_o that_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o to_o prove_v for_o that_o which_o we_o note_v out_o of_o glanvill_n concern_v the_o intrinsecal_n jurisdiction_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o temporal_a court_n for_o in_o a_o appeal_n send_v to_o pope_n alexander_n the_o three_o the_o case_n as_o john_n 89._o john_n epist_n 89._o of_o salisbury_n relate_v it_o be_v that_o one_o richard_n de_fw-fr anestia_n in_o foro_fw-la secularium_fw-la judicum_fw-la petitionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la ad_fw-la bona_fw-la avunculi_fw-la obtinenda_fw-la instituit_fw-la against_o mabile_fw-la de_fw-la franckvilla_fw-la be_v daughter_n to_o william_n of_o sackvill_n to_o who_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o issue_n between_o the_o daughter_n here_o and_o the_o nephew_n be_v upon_o the_o bastardy_n of_o the_o daughter_n the_o spiritual_a court_n have_v the_o trial_n of_o it_o if_o bona_fw-la here_o be_v understand_v for_o chattel_n as_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v and_o so_o restrain_v then_o be_v this_o petitio_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la as_o a_o suit_n for_o sackvill_n good_n ground_v also_o as_o it_o seem_v upon_o a_o testament_n of_o he_o for_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o case_n also_o richardus_fw-la insistebat_fw-la say_v the_o author_n institutioni_fw-la auunculi_fw-la petitionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la instituens_fw-la and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n mabile_fw-la maxim_n patris_fw-la novissmae_fw-la voluntati_fw-la innitebatur_fw-la which_o show_v that_o here_o be_v a_o testament_n in_o the_o case_n and_o a_o suit_n for_o what_o be_v challenge_v by_o it_o in_o the_o temporal_a court_n but_o haereditas_fw-la and_o bona_fw-la it_o be_v likely_a include_v here_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n all_o possession_n of_o the_o ancestor_n both_o real_a of_o inheritance_n and_o personal_a that_o be_v the_o universum_fw-la jus_o defuncti_fw-la and_o not_o only_o our_o inheritance_n although_o it_o do_v also_o among_o some_o 42._o some_o barth_n ad_fw-la tit_n de_fw-fr summa_fw-la tr._n l._n 1._o num_fw-la 42._o civilian_n denote_v no_o more_o if_o at_o least_o they_o understand_v aright_o what_o they_o say_v while_o they_o write_v that_o consuetudo_fw-la est_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it quâ_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la bonis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o