Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
justice_n	chief_a	court_n	exchequer_n	3,093	5	11.1844	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01080	A learned commendation of the politique lawes of Englande vvherin by moste pitthy reasons & euident demonstrations they are plainelye proued farre to excell aswell the ciuile lawes of the Empiere, as also all other lawes of the world, with a large discourse of the difference betwene the. ii. gouernements of kingdomes: whereof the one is onely regall, and the other consisteth of regall and polityque administration conioyned. written in latine aboue an hundred yeares past, by the learned and right honorable maister Fortescue knight ... And newly translated into Englishe by Robert Mulcaster.; De laudibus legum Angliae. English and Latin	Fortescue, John, Sir, 1394?-1476?; Mulcaster, Robert. 16th Century	1567 (1567)	STC 11194; ESTC S102454	98,618	567

shall vnderstande that though these degrees are not geeuen in the lawes of England yet there is geeuen in them not a degree only but also a state no lesse worshipfull and solempne then the degree of doctours which is called the degree of a Seriant at lawe And it is geuen vnder the manner fourme foâ—owyng The lorde chiefe Iustice of the commen benche by y e couÌ„sell and assent of all the Iustices vsethe as ofte as he thinketh good to chose vii or .viii. of the discreetest persones that in the foresaide generall studye haue most profited in the lawes and whiche to the same Iusticez are thought to bee of best disposition and their names hee presenteth to the lord Chancellour of Englande in writtynge Who incontinent by vertue of the kinges write shal charge euery of the ê‘sons elect to be beefore the kinge at a daye by hym assigned too take vppon him the state and degree of a serieaunt at lawe vnder a greate penaltie in euerye of the said writtes limitted On the whiche daye euery one of them appearing shal be sworne vpoÌ„ the holye gospell of God to be ready at the daye place then to bee appointed to receaue the state and degree aforesaide and that he the same daye shall geeue golde accordynge to the custome in that behalfe vsed Howe bee it howe and after what sorte euerye of the saide chosen persones shall that daye demeane himselfe and also the fourme and maner howe that state degree shal bee geuen receued forsomuche as the same can not so briefelye bee written as to the shortnes of this woorke is requisite therefore at thys tyme I will leaue these pointes vntouched And yet I haue declared the same to you ere nowe by waye of talke But thys you must vnderstande that when the day appoiÌ„ted is come those electe persons among other solemnities must keepe a greate dinner like to the feast of a kinges coronation which shal continue last by y e space of seuen daies And none of those elect ê‘sones shall defraye y e charges growinge to him about y e costes of this solempnitie with lesse expenses then the summe of foure huÌ„dreth markes So that y e expeÌ„ses whiche viii menne so electe shall then beestowe will surmount the summe of thre thousande and two hundreth maâ—ks Of y e which expenses one parcel shall bee this Euery of them shal geue ringes of golde to y e value of xl poundes sterling at the least And your Chauncellour well remeÌ„brethe that at what tyme hee receaued this state and degree y e ringez which he then gaue stode him in fifty poundes For euery suche serieant at the tyme of hys creacion vseth to geeue vntoo euery Prince Duke and archebishop being preseÌ„t at that solempnitie and to the lord Chauncellour and Lorde Treaseroure of Englande a ringe of the valu of .xxvi. shillings viii d And to euery earle and bishop beeinge likewise present and also to the Lorde priuie seale to both y e lordes chief Iustices to the Lorde chiefe baron of the kinges exchequer a ringe of the value of xx s And to euery lord baron of the parliament to euery abbott notable prelate worshipfull knight being then preseÌ„t also to y e maister of the roles to euery Iustice a ring of y e value of a mark And likewise to euery baron of y e exchequer to the chaumberlaines and to all the officers and notable menne seruynge in the kinges courtes ringes of a smaller pryce but agreable to theire estates to whome they are geuen Insomuch y t there shall not bee a clerke speciallye in the court of the commen benche but hee shal receaue a ring coÌ„uenient for his degree And besydes these they geeue dyuers rynges too other of theire fryndes They geue also liueries of cloth of one sute or colour in greate abundaunce not onelye to theire houshold meanye but also to their other fryndes and acquaintaunce whiche durynge the tyme of the foresayde solempnytye shall attende and wayte vppon them Wherefore though in the Vniuersities they that are promoted too the degree of Doctors do sustaiÌ„ no small charges at the tyme of their coÌ„meÌ„cemeÌ„t as in geuiÌ„ge of bonnetes and other ryche gyftes yet y ey geue no gold nor do bestowe any other giftes or costes lyke vnto these expenses Neither iÌ„ any couÌ„trey of the world is there any special degre geuen in the lawes of the saÌ„e laÌ„de but onely in y e royalme of Englande Neither is there any man oâ— lawe throughe out the vniuersall world whiche by reasoÌ„ of his office or ê“fession gaynethe somuch as one of these seriaunts No man also be he neuer so connynge skylfull in the lawes of the royalme shal be exalted to y e office and dignitie of a Iustice in the courte of pleas before the kiÌ„ge or iÌ„ y e courte of the coÌ„meÌ„ bench which are the chiefe ordinarie courtes of the same royalme oneles he be first ê“moted to the state and degree of a seriaunt at law Neither shall any man but onely such a seriaunt pleade in the courte of y t commen benche wheare all reall actions are pleaded Wherefore to this state and degree hath no man bene hetherto admitted except he haue first coÌ„tinued by the space of xvi yeares in the said general studie of y e lawe And in token or signe that all Iustices ar thus graduat euerye of them alwayes whyle he sytteth iÌ„ y e kiÌ„ges courtes weareth a white quoyfe of silke whiche is the principal and chief in signemet of habite where with seriauntes at lawe in their creation are decked And neither the Iustice nor yet the seriaunt shal euer put of y e quoyfe no not in the kynges presence thoughe he be in talke withe his maiesties highnes wherefore most noble prince you can not hereafter doubt but that these lawes which so singularli aboue the Ciuile lawes yea and aboue the lawes of all other royalmes are honoured and with so solempne a state of such as are learned therein and do professe y e saÌ„e are worshipped must needes be precioê° noble and hieghe and of greate excellencie and of speciall knowlege and vertue SEd cuÌ„ tu princeps scire desideres cur iÌ„ legibê° Angliae noÌ„ dantur baculariatê° et doctoratus gradus sicut in vtroque iure in vniuersitatibus est dare consuetuÌ„ Scire te volo qd â€™ licet gradus hmÌ„oi in legibus Angliae minime coÌ„feraÌ„tur datur tamen in illis nedum gradus sed et status quidam gradu doctoratê° noÌ„ minê° celebris aut soleÌ„nis qui gradus seruientis ad legeÌ„ appellatur Et coÌ„fertur sub hac qÌ„ subsequitur forma Capitalis Iusticiarius de coÌ„i banco de coÌ„silio et asseÌ„su oiÌ„m iusticiarioruÌ„ eligere solet quotieÌ„s sibi videtur oportâ—muÌ„ septeÌ„ vel octo de maturioribus ê‘sonis qui in pÌ„dicto genÌ„ali studio maius in legibus proficeruÌ„t qui eisdeÌ„ iusticiar â€™ optimae

dispositionis esse videÌ„tur et nomina eoruÌ„ ille deliberare solet CaÌ„cellario angliae in scriptis qui illico maÌ„dabit ê‘ breuia regis cuilêª cuilibet electoruÌ„ illoruÌ„ qd sit coraÌ„ rege ad dieÌ„ ê‘ ipsum assignatum ad suscipieÌ„duÌ„ statum et graduÌ„ seruieÌ„tis ad legeÌ„ sub ingeÌ„ti pena iÌ„ quolibet breuiuÌ„ predictorum limitata ad queÌ„ dieÌ„ quilibêª quilibet eorum coÌ„pareÌ„s iurabitur suê‘ saÌ„cta dei euaÌ„gelia fore paratum ad dieÌ„ et locuÌ„ tunc sibi statueÌ„dos ad recipieÌ„dum statuÌ„ gradum predictos et qd â€™ ipse in die illo dabit aurum secuÌ„dum coÌ„suetudineÌ„ regni in hoc casu vsitataÌ„ TnÌ„ qualiter ad dieÌ„ illum quilibet elector â€™ predictor â€™ se habeb nec noÌ„ formaÌ„ et mod â€™ qualiter statê° gradus hmÌ„oi coÌ„fereÌ„t â€™ et recipiuntur hic inserere omitto cum scripturam maiorem illa exigant quam congruit operi tam succincto Tibi tamen ore tenus ea alias explicaui Scire tamen te cupio qd â€™ adueniente die sic statuto electi illi inter alias solempnitates festum celebrant et conuiuium ad instar coronationis regis quod et continuabitur ê‘ dies septem necquisquam electorum illorum suÌ„ptus sibi contingentes circa soleÌ„pnitatem creationis suae minoribus expensis perficiet quam mille et sex centoruÌ„scutorum quo expensae quas octo sic electi tuÌ„c refuÌ„deÌ„t excedent suÌ„maÌ„ 3200. marc quaruÌ„ expeÌ„saruÌ„ ê‘s qÌ„daÌ„ inter cetera hec erit Quilibet eoruÌ„ dabit anulos de auro ad valeÌ„tiaÌ„ in toto quadragiÌ„ta librar â€™ ad minê° monetae AnglicanÌ„ et bene recolit CaÌ„cellarius ipse qd â€™ duÌ„ ille statum graduÌ„ hmÌ„oi receperat ipse soluit ê“ anulis quos tuÌ„c distribuit quinquaginta libras qÌ„ suÌ„t 300. scuta Solet naÌ„que vnusquisque seruientuÌ„ hmÌ„oi teÌ„pore creacoÌ„is suae dare cuilêª cuilibet priÌ„cipi duci et archiepÌ„o iÌ„ soleÌ„nitate illa preseÌ„ti ac CaÌ„cellar â€™ et Thesa ang anuluÌ„ ad valoreÌ„ 26. s. 8. denar â€™ et cuilibet comiti et epÌ„o coÌ„similiter preseÌ„tibus nec noÌ„ custodi priuati figilli vtrique capitali iusticiario et capitali baroni de scaccario regis aÌ„nuluÌ„ ad valoreÌ„ 20. s. et oiÌ„ dnÌ„o baroni ê‘liameÌ„ti et oiÌ„ abbati et notabili prelato ac magno militi tuÌ„c pÌ„seÌ„ti custodi etiaÌ„ rotul â€™ caÌ„cellariae regis cuilibet iusticiario anuluÌ„ ad valencÌ„ 1. marcÌ„ Similiter et oiÌ„ bar â€™ de scaccÌ„ regis camerariis etiaÌ„ oiÌ„bus officÌ„ et notabilibê° viris in cur â€™ regis miÌ„straÌ„tibê° anulos minor â€™ pÌ„cij coÌ„uenieÌ„tes tnÌ„ statibus eoruÌ„ q ib quibus donaÌ„tur Ita quod non erit clericus maximÃ¨ iÌ„ curia coÌ„munis baÌ„ci licet iÌ„fimus quin anuluÌ„ ipse recipiet coÌ„uenieÌ„teÌ„ gradui suo Et vltra hos ipsi dant anulos nonnullos aliis amicis suis Similiter et liberataÌ„ magnaÌ„ paÌ„ni vniê° sectae quaÌ„ ipsi tunc distribuent in magna abuÌ„daÌ„tia nedum familiaribê° suis sed et amicis aliis et notis qui eis atteÌ„deÌ„t et ministrabuÌ„t teÌ„pore soleÌ„nitatis predictae Quare licet in vniuersitatibus in gradum doctorat â€™ erecti expensas non modicas faciant teÌ„ê‘e creacionis suae ac birreta alia quoque donaria quaÌ„ bona errogeÌ„t noÌ„ tameÌ„ auruÌ„ ipsi coÌ„ferunt aut alia donaria suÌ„ptusue faciuÌ„t his expeÌ„sis similia Neque in regno aliquo orbis terraruÌ„ datur gradus specialis in legibê° regni illiê° pÌ„terquaÌ„ soluÌ„ iÌ„ regno Angliae Nec est aduocatê° in vniuÌ„so muÌ„do qÌ„ ratione officii sui taÌ„tuÌ„ lucratur vt seruiens huiusmodi Nullê° eciaÌ„ licet in legibê° regni illius scientissimê° fuerit assumetur ad officium et dignitateÌ„ iusticiarii iÌ„ curiis placitoruÌ„ coraÌ„ ipso rege et comunis banci quae suÌ„t supremae curiae eiusdeÌ„ regni ordinariae nisi ipse primitus statu et gradu seruieÌ„tis ad legeÌ„ fuerit insignitus Nec quisquaÌ„ preterquaÌ„ seruieÌ„s talis iÌ„ curia comunis banci vbi omnia realia placita placitantur placitabit Quare ad statum et graduÌ„ taleÌ„ nullê° hucusque assuÌ„ptus est qui non in pÌ„dicto generali legis studio sexdecim annos ad minus antea coÌ„pleuit et in signum qd oÌ„nes iusticiarii illi taliter extaÌ„t graduati q i libet eoruÌ„ seÌ„p vtitur dum in curiis regis sedet birreto albo de serico qd pÌ„muÌ„ et pÌ„cipuuÌ„ eÌ„ de iÌ„signÌ„ habit â€™ quo seruieÌ„t â€™ ad legeÌ„ in eoruÌ„ creacionÌ„ decoraÌ„t â€™ Nec birret â€™ illud iusticiariê° sicut nec seruieÌ„s ad legeÌ„ vnquaÌ„ deponet quo caput suuÌ„ iÌ„ toto discoope riet etiaÌ„ iÌ„ pÌ„seÌ„t â€™ reg licÌ„ cuÌ„ celsitudinÌ„su a ipÌ„e loquat â€™ Quare priÌ„ceps pÌ„clarissimÌ„ tu amodo hesi tar â€™ noÌ„ potâ€™is quin leges istae qÌ„ taÌ„ sigularit â€™ supr â€™ ciuiles leges leges etiaÌ„ oÌ„niuÌ„ alioruÌ„ regnoruÌ„ honeraÌ„t â€™ et tam soleÌ„pni statu eruditoruÌ„ et ministraÌ„tiuÌ„ iÌ„ eis veneraÌ„t â€™ pÌ„ciosae sit nobiles et sublimes ac magnÌ„ pÌ„staÌ„ciae maximaeque-scieÌ„tiae et virtutis After what maner a Iustice is created and of his habite and conuersation Cap. 51 BVt to the intent the state of Iustices aswell as of seriauntes at lawe maye be knowen to your grace as I caÌ„ I wil describe vnto you their fourme and office In the commen beÌ„che there are custumable v. Iustices or vi at the most And in the kynges benche .iiii. or v. And as ofte as the place of any of them by deathe or otherwyse is voyde y e kynge vseth to choose one of the seriauntes at lawe and him by his letters patents to ordeine a Iustice in the place of the iudge so ceassynge And theÌ„ the lorde Chauncellor of England shall enter into y e courte where the Iustice is so lackynge bryngyng with him those letters patents and sittynge in y e myddes of the Iustices causeth the seriauÌ„t so elect to be brought in to whoÌ„ in the open courte he notifieth the kynges pleasure touchynge the office of the iustice then voyd and causeth the foresaid letters to be openly read Whiche doÌ„e the maister of the rolles shall reade before the same elect person the othe that he shall take Which wheÌ„ he hath sworne vpon the holy gospell of god the lord ChauÌ„cellour shall deliuer vnto him the kynges letters aforesaid And the lorde chiefe Iustice of y t courte shall assine vnto him a place in the same where he shall then place him that place shall he afterward kepe Yet you must knowe most noble priÌ„ce that this Iustice shall theÌ„ amonge other thinges sweare that he shal indifferently minister iustice to all men aswell foes as frendes that shall haue any sute or plea before hiÌ„ And this shal he not forbeare to do

Scire igitur te volo quod noÌ„ soluÌ„ Deutro leges sed et oÌ„nes leges humaÌ„e sacre suÌ„t quÃ´ lex sub his verbis diffinitur Lex est saÌ„ctio sancta iubeÌ„s honesta et prohibeÌ„s contraria sanctum etenim esse oportet qd â€™ esse sanctuÌ„ diffinitum est Ius etiam discribi perhibetur quod illud est ars boni et equi cuius merito quis nos sacerdotes appellat Sacerd â€™ eniÌ„ quasi sacra daÌ„s vel sacra doceÌ„s per ethimologiaÌ„ dicitur quia vt dicunt iura leges sacrae suÌ„t quÃ´ eas ministrantes et docentes sacerdotes appellantur A deo etiam sunt omnes leges editae quae ab homine ê“mulgaÌ„tur NaÌ„ cuÌ„ dicat Apostolê° quod omnis potestas a domino deo est leges ab homine conditae qui ad hoc a domino recipit potestatem etiam a deo constituuntur dicente auctore causaruÌ„ quic quid facit causa secunda facit et causa prima altiori et nobiliori modo Quare Iosaphat rex Iuda ait Iudicibus suis iudicia qÌ„ vos profertis iudicia dei sunt secundo Paralipo xix cap. Ex quibus erudiris quod leges licet humanas ad discere eÌ„ addiscere leges sacras et editioÌ„es dei quo earuÌ„ studiuÌ„ noÌ„ vacat a dulcedine coÌ„solationis scÌ„ae Nec tameÌ„ vt tu coniicis dulcedo hmÌ„odi causa fuit cur Moyses reges Israel Deutero legere pÌ„ceê‘at Nam causa hec noÌ„ plus reges quaÌ„ plebeos ad eius lecturaÌ„ ê“uocat nec plê° Deuter. libruÌ„ quaÌ„ alios PeÌ„tateucoÌ„ libros legere pulsat causa ista cuÌ„ non minus libri illi quaÌ„ Deutero sacris abuÌ„dent carismatibus in quibus meditari ê‘sanctuÌ„ est quare noÌ„ aliaÌ„ fuisse causaÌ„ maÌ„dati huius quaÌ„ quia iÌ„ DeutronomÌ„ plus quaÌ„ iÌ„ aliis libris veteris testameÌ„ti legê iÌ„seruntur quibus rex Israel pplâ€™m populum regere obnoxius est eiusdeÌ„ mandati circuÌ„stantiae manifeste nos informant Quo et te priÌ„ceps eadeÌ„ causa noÌ„ minus quaÌ„ reges Israel exhortatur vt legum quibus populum in futurum reges tu sis solers indagator NaÌ„ quod Regi Israel dictuÌ„ est omni Regi populi videntis deum ticipÃ¨ dictum fuisse intelligendum est an tunc non conuenienter vtiliterque proposui tibi mandatum Regibus Israel latuÌ„ de eoruÌ„ lege addiscenda Dum nedum eius exempluÌ„ sed et eius auctoritas figuralis te erudiuit et obligauit ad consimiliter faciendum de legibus regni quod annueÌ„te domino hereditaturus es Â¶ Here the Chauncelour proueth that a prince by the lawes may be made happy and blessed Cap. 4. NOt onely to the iÌ„tent you should feare god so beecome wise do y e lawes w t y e prophet call you saiyng Come childreÌ„ heare me I will teache you y e feare of the lorde but also that you may aspire vnto felicitie and blessednes as farre fourthe as in this life theye maye bee atteyned do the lawes wyll you moste gracious prince to bee studious of them For all the philosophers which haue so diuersly resoned of felicitie haue all agreed together in this oÌ„e point that felicitie or blessednes is y e ende of al maÌ„s desire and therefore theye cal it chief goodnes Howbeit y e peripatetiks placed it in vertue the Stoikes iÌ„ honestie the Epicures in pleasure But seeing y e Stoikes defined honestie to be that whiche is wel laudably done withe vertue and the Epicures helde nothing to be pleasant witheoute vertue therefore all those sectes as saiethe Leonarde Arretine in his Introduction to morall Philosophie agreed in this that it is onely vertue that causethe felicitie Wherefore Aristotle also in y e seueÌ„th booke of his politiques defining felicitie saieth that it is the perfect vse of vertues Thê° much being now presupposed I wold haue you to coÌ„sider these things also y e folow MaÌ„s lawes are nothing els but certein rules whereby Iustice is perfectlye taught But that Iustyce which the lawes do shew is not the same that is called Commutatiue or Distributiue or any other particular vertue but it is a perfecte vertue expressed by the name of Iustice legall Whyche the foresaid Leonerd dothe therefore affyrme to bee perfecte beecause it excludeth all vice and teachethe all vertue For whiche cause also it is woorthelye called by the name of al vertue Whereof Homere saiethe and likewise Aristotle in the fifthe booke of Morall philosophie that it is y e chiefest of al vertues and that neither Lucyfer nor Hesperê° are so bright beaming as it is Moreouer this Iustice is y e thiÌ„g whereuppon al princelye care depeÌ„deth and resteth witheoute the whiche the kinge can neither rightly iudge nor yet duely fight But thys beeing once obteyned and perfectly kept then all the hole deuty required in a kyng is iustly perfourmed Nowe then seeynge that the perfecte vse of vertues is felicytie and that Iustice vsed amongest menne whyche can not bee obteyned vnto nor learned but by the lawe is not onelye the effecte of vertues but is all vertue it selfe hereof it folowethe that the practiser of Iustice is by the lawe happie and so thereby hee is made blessed forsomuche as blessednes or happynes and felicitie are bothe one in this short and transitorie lyfe of the whiche lyfe throughe Iustice hee enioyeth the chiefe principall goodnes And yet the lawe is not hable to perfourme these thinges withoute the assistence of grace witheoute the whiche also you can not learn nor couet eyther lawe or vertue For as saieth Pariss in his booke intituled Cur deus homo the inward vertue of man wherin his desieringe is placed is so throughe originall sinne defaced and corrupte that it esteemeth vicious workes for pleasaunt vertuous woorkes for vnpleasaunt Wherefore in that some men applye and endeuour themselues to the loue and folowing of vertues it proceedethe of the bountiful goodnes of god and not of the power of man Is ther not then special cause why the lawes whiche beinge preuented and accompanied wythe grace do performe all the premisses should with all diligent trauaile be learned Seinge that whoso hathe perfectlye atteyned thereunto the same shall enioye felicitie the ende performaÌ„ce as y e Philosophers say of maÌ„s desire by meaÌ„s wherof hee shall in this life be blessed in y e he nowe possesseth y e chief goodnes therof Doubtles if these thinges moue you not whiche shal haue the rule and gouernement of a kingdom yet the woordes of the prophet shal moue you yea force you to the studie of the law whiche words be these Be ye learned you y t are iudges of the earth Here y e ê“phet exhorteth not to y e learniÌ„g of a base arte or a handy-craft for he saieth not Be ye learned you y t are the iÌ„habiters of the earth neyther doth he counsel to the learninge of

of Iustice Cap. 23. MOreouer if by reasoÌ„ of bargayniÌ„ge or by sufferinge of iniuries or by title of iÌ„heritaÌ„ce right do accrewe to aman to pleade in iudgement if there be no witnesseis or if such as were witnesseis be deade the plaiÌ„tif must needs lett his actioÌ„ fall except he be hable to proue his ryght by ineuitable coniectures whiche is seldome seene Wherfore concernynge lordeshippes and other possessions rueled by the ciuile lawe and in all accions fallynge vnder the same lawe the actions of the plaintifes for wante of witnesses many tymes are choked so that skant the halfe parte of them atteyneth to the desiered ende What maner of lawe then is this whiche to them y e susteyne wroÌ„g thus faileth in yeeldinge Iustice I doubt whether it deserue too bee called a iuste lawe because in the same lawe it is wryten that Iustice rendreth too euerye maÌ„ that which is his owne But this cannot such a lawe doo PReterea si ex contractibus illatisue iniuriis vel hereditatis titulo iê° accreuerit homini ageÌ„di in iudicio si testes non fuerint vel si qui fuerint moriaÌ„tur succumbet ipse agens in causa sua nisi ius suuÌ„ ê“bare valeat ineuitabilibê° coniecturis quod facere crebro non contiÌ„git Quare de dominiis et aliis possessionibus iure ciuili regulatis similiter et in omnibê° actionibê° cadeÌ„tibê° sub eodeÌ„ iure actiones ageÌ„tiuÌ„ ê“ defectu testium quaÌ„ pluries suffocaÌ„tur ita qd earuÌ„ vix ê‘s media optatuÌ„ fineÌ„ sortiatur â€™ qualis tuÌ„c est lex huiusmodi qÌ„ iniuriatis taliter deficit in iusticia reddeÌ„da dubito an iusta vocari mereatur quia in eadem lege scribitur quod Iusticia vnicuique tribuit quod suum eÌ„ qd noÌ„ faciat lex talis Here hee declareth how counties are deuided and shieriâ—ffs chosen Now that we haue opened after what maner the Ciuile lawes do enfourme a iudge of the truthe of a matter brought into iudgement it is consequent to declare by what meanes the lawes of Englande doo boult out the trueth of suche a matter For the orders of bothe the lawez beynge layde together the qualities of theÌ„ bothe wyll more playnely appere forsomuche as the philosopher sayeth that contraries placed one by an other wyll shewe theÌ„ selfes more euidently But herein after the maner of oratours in steade of a proheme it shall not bee amysse that we open certen thinges before the knowlege whereof shall geue light too thinges whiche heareafter shall come in talke wherefore thus we doo proceede The royalme of Englande is deuided into counties as the royalme of Fraunce is into Baylywyks so that in Englande ther is no place that is not with in the bodie of some countie CouÌ„ties also are deuided into huÌ„dreds which soÌ„e wher are called wapentages And hundredes are deuided into villages vnder which appellation are coÌ„teyned borowes and Cities For the boundes of villages are not conteyned within the circuit of walles buyldynges or streetes but within the compasse of fildes greate territories certein hamlettes and many other as of waters woodes waste grouÌ„des whiche it is not needefull nowe to set furthe by their names because that in England there is skante any place which is not conteined within the coÌ„passe of villageis though certeyn priuileged places within villageis are supposed to be no parcell of y e same villages More ouer in euerie couÌ„tie ther is one certeyn officer called the kynges shierief which amonge other duties belongynge to his office putteth in execucion all the commaundementes and iudgements of the kynges courte that are to be executed within his countie His office endureth but for one yeare so that after the expiratioÌ„ of that yeare he may not minister in that office Neither shall he within ii yeares next ensueynge be admited to y e office agayne This officer is thus chosen Euery yeare the morrowe after All soullen daye all the kynges counsellers meet together in the kynges exchequer aswel y e lordes spirituall and temporall as all other Iustices all the barones of the exchequer the maister of the rolles and certeyn other officers where all these with one commen assent doo name of euerie countie iii. knightes or esquyers whome amonge other of the same countie they take to bee of good dispositioÌ„ and fame and best disposed to the office of the shiereif of that couÌ„tie Of the whiche iii. the kynge chooseth one whome by his letters patents he appointeth sherief of the countie that he is chosen of for the yeare then folowinge But he before hee receaue his patent shall swere vpoÌ„ y e holye ghospell amonge other articles that he shall well and faithfully and indifferently exercise and doo his office all that yeare and that he shall receaue or take nothyng of any other man then the Kynge by colour or meane of his office These thynges beynge thus nowe presupposed lett vs proceede too the searche of those thinges that we seke for Exposita iaÌ„ forma qua leges Ciuiles de veritate facti in iudicio deducti iudicem erudiunt superest vt moduÌ„ quÃ´ leges Angliae huiusmodi facti eliciunt veritatem etiam do ceamus Nam ambarum legum formulis contiguÃ© positis qualitates earundem lucidius eminebunt cum dicat Philosophus quod opposita iuxta se posita magis apparent Sed in hoc oratorum more prohemii loco quedam pÌ„narrare congruet quorum agnitione deinde tractando clarius patere queant quare sic procedimê° Regnum Angliae per comitatus vt regnum Fraunciae per balliuatus distinguitur ita vt non sit locus in Anglia quae noÌ„ sit iÌ„fr â€™ corpê° alicuiê° coÌ„itatê° CoÌ„itatê° quoque diuiduntur in HuÌ„dreda que alicubi Wapen tagia nuncupantur Hundreda vero diuiduÌ„tur per villas subquarum appellatione continentur et Burgi atque Ciuitates Villarum etenim metae non muris edificiis aut stratis terminan tur sed agroruÌ„ ambitubus territoriis magnis hamiletis quibusdaÌ„ et multis aliis sicut aquaruÌ„ boscoruÌ„ et vastoruÌ„ terminis quae iam non expedit nominibus designare qÌ„a vix in anglia est locus aliquis qui non infra villarum ambitus coÌ„tineatur licet priuilegiati loci quidam infravillas de eisdem villis pars esse noÌ„ censentur Preterea in quolibet comitatu est officiarius quidam vnus regis vicecomes appellatus qui inter cetera sui officii ministeria omnia mandata et iudicia curiarum regis iÌ„ comitatu suo exequenda exequitur Cuius officiuÌ„ annale est quo ei post annuÌ„ in eodem ministrare noÌ„ licet nec duobê° tuÌ„c sequeÌ„tibê° aÌ„nis ad ideÌ„ of ficiuÌ„ reassumetur Officiarius iste sic eligitur Quolibet anno in crastino animarum coÌ„ueniunt in scaccario regis omnes consiliarii eius taÌ„ dnÌ„ispuÌ„ales etteÌ„porales quaÌ„ alii oÌ„nes iusticiarii omnes barones de scaccario clericus rotulorum quidam alii officiarii vbi

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