examinâ—â—_n judgement_n give_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n la._n you_o deny_v not_o but_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n the_o kings-bench_n may_v examine_v the_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n ph._n it_o be_v true_a but_o why_o may_v not_o also_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n do_v the_o same_o especial_o if_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o judgement_n be_v against_o equity_n and_o not_o against_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n la._n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o that_o for_o the_o same_o court_n may_v examine_v both_o the_o letter_n and_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o statute_n ph._n you_o see_v by_o this_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o court_n can_v easy_o be_v distinguish_v but_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o his_o parliament_n the_o lawyer_n themselves_o can_v do_v it_o for_o you_o see_v what_o contention_n there_o be_v between_o court_n as_o well_o as_o between_o particular_a men._n and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o law_n of_o 4_o 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render_n shall_v be_v to_o no_o effect_n and_o p._n 73._o he_o say_v far_a that_o in_o this_o court_n the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v sit_v on_o the_o high_a bench_n and_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o court_n on_o the_o low_a bench_n at_o his_o foot_n but_o judicature_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o court_n and_o in_o his_o presence_n they_o answer_v all_o motion_n ph._n i_o can_v believe_v that_o sir_n edw._n coke_n how_o much_o soever_o he_o desire_v to_o advance_v the_o authority_n of_o himself_o and_o other_o justice_n of_o the_o common-law_n can_v mean_v that_o the_o king_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n sit_v as_o a_o spectator_n only_o and_o may_v not_o have_v answer_v all_o motion_n which_o his_o judge_n answer_v if_o he_o have_v see_v cause_n for_o it_o for_o he_o know_v that_o the_o king_n be_v supreme_a judge_n then_o in_o all_o cause_n temporal_a and_o be_v now_o in_o all_o cause_n both_o temporal_a and_o ecclesiastical_a and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o 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especial_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o very_a great_a river_n whether_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o land_n for_o the_o river_n also_o be_v as_o well_o as_o their_o bank_n within_o or_o a_o part_n of_o one_o country_n or_o other_o la._n true_o the_o question_n be_v difficult_a and_o there_o have_v be_v many_o suit_n about_o it_o wherein_o the_o question_n have_v be_v who_o jurisdiction_n it_o be_v in_o ph._n nor_o do_v i_o see_v how_o it_o can_v be_v decide_v but_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o case_n it_o be_v not_o declare_v in_o the_o lord_n admiral_n letter_n patent_n la._n but_o though_o there_o be_v in_o the_o letter_n patent_n a_o power_n give_v to_o hold_v plea_n in_o some_o certain_a case_n to_o any_o of_o the_o statute_n concern_v the_o admiralty_n the_o justice_n of_o the_o common-law_n may_v send_v a_o prohibition_n to_o that_o court_n to_o proceed_v in_o the_o plea_n though_o it_o be_v with_o a_o non-obstante_a of_o any_o statute_n ph._n methinks_v that_o that_o shall_v be_v against_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o can_v be_v take_v from_o it_o by_o any_o subject_a for_o that_o argument_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v away_o all_o his_o judicial_a power_n be_v worth_a nothing_o because_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o he_o can_v give_v away_o the_o essential_a right_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o because_o by_o a_o non-obstante_a he_o declare_v he_o be_v not_o deceive_v in_o his_o grant_n la._n but_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o precedent_n allege_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n the_o contrary_a have_v be_v perpetual_o practise_v ph._n i_o see_v not_o that_o perpetual_o for_o who_o can_v tell_v but_o there_o may_v have_v be_v give_v other_o judgement_n in_o such_o case_n
the_o sustain_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n be_v to_o destroy_v the_o propriety_n he_o pretend_v to_o the_o next_o thing_n i_o will_v ask_v you_o be_v how_o you_o distinguish_v between_o law_n and_o right_n or_o lex_fw-la and_o jus._n la._n sir_n ed._n coke_n in_o divers_a place_n make_v lex_n and_o jus_n to_o be_v the_o same_o and_o so_o lex_fw-la communis_fw-la and_o jus_fw-la communis_fw-la to_o be_v all_o one_o nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o he_o do_v in_o any_o place_n distinguish_v they_o ph._n then_o will_v i_o distinguish_v they_o and_o make_v you_o judge_v whether_o my_o distinction_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v by_o every_o author_n of_o the_o common_a law_n for_o law_n oblige_v i_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v the_o do_v of_o something_o and_o therefore_o it_o lie_v upon_o i_o a_o obligation_n but_o my_o right_n be_v a_o liberty_n leave_v i_o by_o the_o law_n to_o do_v any_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n forbid_v i_o not_o and_o to_o leave_v undo_v any_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n command_v i_o not_o do_v sir_n ed._n coke_n see_v no_o difference_n between_o be_v bind_v and_o be_v free_a la._n i_o know_v not_o what_o he_o be_v but_o he_o have_v not_o mention_v it_o though_o a_o man_n may_v dispense_v with_o his_o own_o liberty_n that_o can_v do_v so_o with_o the_o law_n ph._n but_o what_o be_v you_o better_o for_o your_o right_n if_o a_o rebellious_a company_n at_o home_n or_o a_o enemy_n from_o abroad_o take_v away_o the_o good_n or_o dispossess_v you_o of_o the_o land_n you_o have_v a_o right_n to_o can_v you_o be_v defend_v or_o repair_v but_o by_o the_o strength_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n what_o reason_n therefore_o can_v be_v give_v by_o a_o man_n that_o endeavour_n to_o preserve_v his_o propriety_n why_o he_o shall_v deny_v or_o malign_o contribute_v to_o the_o strength_n that_o shall_v defend_v he_o or_o repair_v he_o let_v we_o see_v now_o what_o your_o book_n say_v to_o this_o point_n and_o other_o point_n of_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n bracton_n the_o most_o authentic_a author_n of_o the_o common_a law_n fol._n 55._o say_v thus_o ipse_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la omne_fw-la jura_n in_fw-la manu_fw-la suâ_fw-la est_fw-la dei_fw-la vicarius_fw-la habet_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la pacis_fw-la habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la coercionem_fw-la ut_fw-la delinquentes_fw-la puniat_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la suâ_fw-la leges_fw-la nihil_fw-la enim_fw-la prodest_fw-la jura_n condere_fw-la nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la qui_fw-la jura_n tueatur_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n have_v all_o right_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n be_v god_n vicar_n he_o have_v all_o that_o concern_v the_o peace_n he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v delinquent_n all_o the_o law_n be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o make_v law_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n unless_o there_o be_v somebody_o to_o make_v they_o obey_v if_o bracton_n law_n be_v reason_n as_o i_o and_o you_o think_v it_o be_v what_o temporal_a power_n be_v there_o which_o the_o king_n have_v not_o see_v that_o at_o this_o day_n all_o the_o power_n spiritual_n which_o bracton_n allow_v the_o pope_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n what_o be_v there_o that_o the_o king_n can_v do_v except_v sin_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o same_o bracton_n lib._n 21._o c._n 8._o say_v thus_o si_fw-la autem_fw-la a_o rege_fw-la petitur_fw-la cum_fw-la breve_fw-la non_fw-la curret_fw-la contra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la locus_fw-la erit_fw-la supplicationi_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la suum_fw-la corrigat_fw-la &_o emendet_fw-la quod_fw-la quidem_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la fecerit_fw-la satis_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la expectet_fw-la vltorem_fw-la nemo_fw-la quidem_fw-la de_fw-la factis_fw-la ejus_fw-la praesumat_fw-la disputare_fw-la multo_fw-la fortius_fw-la contra_fw-la factum_fw-la ejus_fw-la venire_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o any_o thing_n be_v demand_v of_o the_o king_n see_v a_o writ_n lie_v not_o against_o he_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o petition_n pray_v he_o to_o correct_v and_o amend_v his_o own_o fact_n which_o if_o he_o will_v not_o do_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a penalty_n for_o he_o that_o he_o be_v to_o expect_v a_o punishment_n from_o the_o lord_n no_o man_n may_v presume_v to_o dispute_v of_o what_o he_o do_v much_o less_o to_o resist_v he_o you_o see_v by_o this_o that_o this_o doctrine_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n so_o much_o cry_v down_o by_o the_o long_a parliament_n be_v the_o ancient_a common-law_n and_o that_o the_o only_a bridle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n aught_o to_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n and_o again_o bracton_n c._n 24._o of_o the_o second_o book_n say_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v grant_v away_o ea_fw-la vero_fw-la quae_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la &_o ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la justitiae_fw-la &_o paci_n annexa_fw-la ad_fw-la nullum_fw-la pertinent_a nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la regiam_fw-la nec_fw-la a_o corona_n separari_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la a_o privata_fw-la persona_fw-la possideri_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o jurisdiction_n and_o peace_n and_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o justice_n and_o peace_n appertain_v to_o none_o but_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n nor_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o crown_n nor_o be_v possess_v by_o a_o private_a person_n again_o you_o will_v find_v in_o fleta_n a_o law-book_n write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o that_o liberty_n though_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n if_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o justice_n or_o subversion_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v nor_o allow_v for_o in_o that_o book_n c._n 20._o concern_v article_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v to_o inquire_v of_o the_o 54th_o article_n be_v this_o you_o shall_v inquire_v de_fw-fr libertatibus_fw-la concessis_fw-la quae_fw-la impediunt_fw-la communem_fw-la jâ—stitiam_fw-la &_o regiam_fw-la potestatem_fw-la subvertunt_fw-la now_o what_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o common_a justice_n or_o a_o great_a subversion_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n than_o a_o liberty_n in_o subject_n to_o hinder_v the_o king_n from_o raise_v money_n necessary_a to_o suppress_v or_o prevent_v rebellion_n which_o do_v destroy_v justice_n and_o subvert_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n moreover_o when_o a_o charter_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o king_n in_o these_o word_n dedita_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la pro_fw-la i_n &_o haeredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la the_o grantor_n by_o the_o common-law_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v in_o his_o commentary_n on_o littleton_n be_v to_o warrant_v his_o gift_n and_o i_o think_v it_o reason_n especial_o if_o the_o gift_n be_v upon_o consideration_n of_o a_o price_n paid_n suppose_v a_o foreign_a state_n shall_v say_v claim_n to_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n as_o to_o the_o question_n i_o be_o put_v whether_o the_o claim_v be_v unjust_a how_o will_v you_o have_v the_o king_n to_o warrant_v to_o every_o freeholder_n in_o england_n the_o land_n they_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o a_o charter_n if_o he_o can_v levy_v money_n their_o estate_n be_v lose_v and_o so_o be_v the_o king_n estate_n and_o if_o the_o king_n estate_n be_v go_v how_o can_v he_o repair_v the_o value_n due_a upon_o the_o warranty_n i_o know_v that_o the_o king_n charter_n be_v not_o so_o mere_o grant_v as_o that_o they_o be_v not_o also_o law_n but_o they_o be_v such_o law_n as_o speak_v not_o to_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n in_o general_a but_o only_o to_o his_o officer_n implicit_o forbid_v they_o to_o judge_n or_o execute_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a grant_n there_o be_v many_o man_n that_o be_v able_a judge_n of_o what_o be_v right_a reason_n and_o what_o not_o when_o any_o of_o these_o shall_v know_v that_o a_o man_n have_v no_o superior_a nor_o peer_n in_o the_o kingdom_n he_o will_v hardly_o be_v persuade_v he_o can_v be_v bind_v by_o any_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o that_o he_o who_o be_v subject_a to_o none_o but_o god_n can_v make_v a_o law_n upon_o himself_o which_o he_o can_v also_o as_o easy_o abrogate_v as_o he_o make_v it_o the_o main_a argument_n and_o that_o which_o so_o much_o take_v with_o the_o throng_n of_o people_n proceed_v from_o a_o needless_a fear_n put_v into_o their_o mind_n by_o such_o man_n as_o mean_a to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o hand_n to_o their_o own_o end_n for_o if_o say_v they_o the_o king_n may_v notwithstanding_o the_o law_n do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o nothing_o to_o restrain_v he_o but_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n in_o the_o world_n to_o come_v than_o in_o case_n there_o come_v a_o king_n that_o fear_v no_o such_o punishment_n he_o may_v take_v away_o from_o we_o not_o only_o our_o land_n good_n and_o liberty_n but_o our_o life_n
nor_o that_o any_o judgement_n be_v give_v without_o due_a process_n of_o law_n ph._n this_o be_v no_o unreasonable_a petition_n for_o the_o common-law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o equity_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o chancellor_n before_o that_o statute_n make_v bold_a with_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n than_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o common-law_n in_o this_o statute_n signify_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o general_o the_o law_n temporal_a of_o the_o realm_n nor_o be_v this_o statute_n ever_o print_v that_o such_o as_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o statute_n or_o not_o i_o know_v not_o till_o you_o tell_v i_o what_o the_o parliament_n answer_v to_o this_o petition_n la._n the_o king_n answer_n be_v the_o wage_n heretofore_o shall_v stand_v so_o as_o the_o king_n royalty_n be_v save_v ph._n this_o be_v slat_o against_o sir_n edw._n coke_n concern_v the_o chancery_n la._n in_o another_o parliament_n 17_o rich._n 2._o it_o be_v enact_v at_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o forasmuch_o as_o people_n be_v compel_v to_o come_v before_o the_o king_n council_n or_o in_o chancery_n by_o writ_n ground_v upon_o untrue_a suggestion_n that_o the_o chancellor_n for_o the_o time_n be_v present_o after_o such_o suggestion_n be_v due_o find_v and_o prove_v untrue_a shall_v have_v power_n to_o ordain_v and_o award_v damage_n according_a to_o his_o discretion_n to_o he_o which_o be_v so_o travel_v undue_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a ph._n by_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o a_o complaint_n be_v make_v in_o chancery_n upon_o undue_a suggestion_n the_o chancellor_n shall_v have_v the_o examination_n of_o the_o say_a suggestion_n and_o as_o he_o may_v avoid_v damage_n when_o the_o suggestion_n be_v untrue_a so_o he_o may_v also_o proceed_v by_o process_n to_o the_o detemine_n of_o the_o cause_n whether_o it_o be_v real_a or_o personal_n so_o it_o be_v not_o criminal_a la._n also_o the_o commons_o petition_v in_o a_o parliament_n of_o 2_o hen._n 4._o not_o print_v that_o no_o writ_n nor_o privy-seal_n be_v sue_v out_o of_o chancery_n exchequer_n or_o other_o place_n to_o any_o man_n to_o appear_v at_o a_o day_n upon_o a_o pain_n either_o before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o common-law_n ph._n what_o answer_n be_v give_v to_o this_o petition_n by_o the_o king_n la._n that_o such_o writ_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v without_o necessity_n ph._n here_o again_o you_o see_v the_o king_n may_v deny_v or_o grant_v any_o petition_n in_o parliament_n either_o as_o he_o think_v it_o necessary_a as_o in_o this_o place_n or_o as_o he_o think_v it_o prejudicial_a or_o not_o prejudicial_a to_o his_o royalty_n as_o in_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o former_a petition_n which_o be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n that_o no_o part_n of_o his_o legislative_a power_n or_o any_o other_o essential_a part_n of_o royalty_n can_v be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o a_o statute_n now_o see_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o equity_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o see_v sir_n edw._n coke_n 1_o inst._n sect._n 21._o define_v equity_n to_o be_v a_o certain_a reason_n comprehend_v in_o no_o write_v but_o consist_v only_o in_o right_a reason_n which_o interprete_v and_o amend_v the_o written-law_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v to_o what_o end_n there_o shall_v be_v any_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n at_o all_o either_o before_o the_o chancellor_n or_o any_o other_o person_n beside_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o civil_a or_o common-plea_n nay_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o can_v allege_v none_o but_o this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o high_a court_n of_o equity_n than_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n to_o remedy_v the_o error_n in_o judgement_n give_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o error_n in_o chancery_n be_v irrevocable_a except_o by_o parliament_n or_o by_o special_a commission_n appoint_v thereunto_o by_o the_o king_n la._n but_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v that_o see_v matter_n of_o fact_n by_o the_o common-law_n be_v tryable_a by_o a_o jury_n of_o 12_o man_n this_o court_n shall_v not_o draw_v the_o matter_n ad_fw-la aliud_fw-la examen_fw-la i._n e._n to_o another_o kind_n of_o examination_n viz._n by_o deposition_n of_o witness_n which_o shall_v be_v but_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n ph._n to_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n any_o more_o or_o less_o then_o to_o evidence_n to_o the_o lord-chancellor_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o another_o kind_n of_o examination_n nor_o be_v a_o jury_n more_o capable_a of_o due_o examine_v witness_n than_o a_o lord-chancellor_n beside_o see_v all_o court_n be_v bind_v to_o judge_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o that_o all_o judge_n in_o a_o case_n of_o equity_n may_v sometime_o be_v deceive_v what_o harm_n be_v there_o to_o any_o man_n or_o to_o the_o state_n if_o there_o be_v a_o subordination_n of_o judge_n in_o equity_n as_o well_o as_o of_o judge_n in_o common-law_n see_v it_o be_v provide_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o avoid_v vexation_n that_o subpoena_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v till_o surety_n be_v find_v to_o satisfy_v the_o party_n so_o grieve_v and_o vex_v for_o his_o damage_n and_o expense_n if_o so_o be_v the_o matter_n may_v not_o be_v make_v good_a which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o bill_n la._n there_o be_v another_o statute_n of_o 31_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 2._o wherein_o there_o be_v a_o proviso_n cite_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o these_o word_n provide_v that_o no_o matter_n determinable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v by_o the_o say_a act_n determine_v in_o other_o form_n then_o after_o the_o course_n of_o the_o same_o law_n in_o the_o king_n court_n have_v the_o determination_n of_o the_o same_o law_n ph._n this_o law_n be_v make_v but_o for_o seven_o year_n and_o never_o continue_v by_o any_o other_o parliament_n and_o the_o motive_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o great_a riot_n extortion_n oppression_n etc._n etc._n use_v during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o insurrection_n of_o john_n cade_n and_o the_o indictment_n and_o condemnation_n wrongful_o have_v by_o this_o usurp_a authority_n and_o thereupon_o the_o parliament_n ordain_v that_o for_o 7_o year_n follow_v no_o man_n shall_v disobey_v any_o of_o the_o king_n writ_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n or_o shall_v refuse_v to_o appear_v upon_o proclamation_n before_o the_o king_n council_n or_o in_o the_o chancery_n to_o answer_v to_o riot_n extortion_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o first_o time_n he_o shall_v lose_v etc._n etc._n wherein_o there_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o any_o other_o court_n but_o a_o extraordinary_a power_n give_v to_o the_o chancery_n and_o to_o the_o king_n privy-council_n to_o determine_v of_o those_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o before_o that_o time_n tryable_a but_o only_o by_o the_o kings-bench_n or_o special_a commission_n for_o the_o act_n be_v make_v express_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o crime_n commit_v by_o those_o that_o have_v act_v by_o the_o say_v cade_n authority_n to_o which_o act_n the_o proviso_n be_v add_v which_o be_v here_o mention_v that_o the_o proceed_v in_o those_o court_n of_o chancery_n and_o of_o the_o king_n council_n shall_v be_v such_o as_o shall_v be_v use_v in_o the_o court_n to_o which_o the_o say_a court_n before_o this_o act_n be_v make_v do_v belong_v that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o cause_n as_o be_v criminal_a shall_v be_v after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n and_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v not_o criminal_a but_o only_o against_o equity_n shall_v be_v try_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o in_o some_o case_n according_a to_o the_o proceed_n in_o the_o exchequer_n i_o wonder_v why_o sir_n edw._n coke_n shall_v cite_v a_o statute_n as_o this_o be_v above_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o expire_v and_o other_o two_o petition_n as_o if_o they_o be_v statute_n when_o they_o be_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o king_n unless_o he_o do_v it_o on_o purpose_n to_o diminish_v as_o he_o endeavour_v to_o do_v throughout_o his_o institutes_n the_o king_n authority_n or_o to_o insinuate_v his_o own_o opinion_n among_o the_o people_n for_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n for_o that_o also_o he_o endeavour_v by_o insert_v latin_a sentence_n both_o in_o his_o text_n and_o in_o the_o margin_n as_o if_o they_o be_v principle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n without_o any_o authority_n of_o ancient_a lawyer_n or_o any_o certainty_n of_o reason_n in_o themselves_o to_o make_v man_n believe_v they_o be_v the_o very_a ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n now_o as_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o
can_v be_v make_v after_o the_o doer_n therefore_o every_o such_o kill_n be_v call_v murder_n before_o it_o can_v be_v know_v whether_o it_o can_v be_v by_o felony_n or_o not_o for_o a_o man_n may_v be_v find_v dead_a that_o kill_v himself_o or_o be_v lawful_o kill_v by_o another_o this_o name_n of_o murder_n come_v to_o be_v the_o more_o horrid_a when_o it_o be_v secret_o do_v for_o that_o it_o make_v every_o man_n to_o consider_v of_o their_o own_o danger_n and_o he_o that_o see_v the_o dead_a body_n to_o boggle_v at_o it_o as_o a_o horse_n will_v do_v at_o a_o dead_a horse_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o same_o they_o have_v law_n in_o force_n to_o amerce_v the_o hundred_o where_o it_o be_v do_v in_o a_o sum_n define_v by_o law_n to_o be_v the_o price_n of_o his_o life_n for_o in_o those_o day_n the_o life_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n be_v value_v by_o money_n and_o the_o value_n set_v down_o in_o their_o write_a law_n and_o therefore_o sir_n edw._n coke_n be_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o think_v that_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o misfortune_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n be_v adjudge_v murder_n and_o those_o secret_a murder_n be_v abominate_v by_o the_o people_n for_o that_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o so_o great_a a_o pecuniary_a punishment_n for_o suffer_v the_o malefactor_n to_o escape_v but_o this_o grievance_n be_v by_o canutus_n when_o he_o reign_v soon_o ease_v for_o he_o make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o country_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v unless_o he_o be_v a_o englishman_n that_o be_v so_o slay_v but_o if_o he_o be_v a_o frenchman_n under_o which_o name_n be_v comprehend_v all_o foreigner_n and_o especial_o the_o norman_n though_o the_o slayer_n escape_v the_o county_n be_v not_o to_o be_v amerce_v and_o this_o law_n though_o it_o be_v very_o hard_o and_o chargeable_a when_o a_o englishman_n be_v so_o slay_v for_o his_o friend_n to_o prove_v he_o be_v a_o englishman_n and_o also_o unreasonable_a to_o deny_v the_o justice_n to_o a_o stranger_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o repeal_v till_o the_o 14_o of_o king_n ed._n the_o 3d._n by_o this_o you_o see_v that_o murder_n be_v distinguish_v from_o homicide_n by_o the_o statute-law_n and_o not_o by_o any_o common-law_n without_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o it_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o felony_n la._n and_o so_o also_o be_v petit_n treason_n and_o i_o think_v so_o be_v high_a treason_n also_o for_o in_o the_o abovesaid_a statute_n in_o the_o 25_o ed._n 3d._n concern_v treason_n there_o be_v this_o clause_n and_o because_o that_o many_o other_o like_o case_n of_o treason_n may_v happen_v in_o time_n to_o come_v which_o a_o man_n can_v think_v or_o declare_v at_o the_o present_a time_n it_o be_v accord_v that_o if_o any_o other_o case_n suppose_a treason_n which_o be_v not_o above_o specify_v do_v happen_v before_o any_o the_o justice_n the_o justice_n shall_v tarry_v without_o any_o go_n to_o judgement_n of_o the_o treason_n till_o the_o cause_n be_v show_v and_o declare_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o parliament_n whether_o it_o be_v treason_n or_o other_o felony_n which_o thereby_o show_v that_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n think_v that_o treason_n be_v one_o of_o the_o sort_n of_o felony_n ph._n and_o so_o think_v i._n la._n but_o sir_n edw._n coke_n deny_v it_o to_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n for_o 1_o inst._n sect._n 745._o at_o the_o word_n felony_n he_o say_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n this_o word_n felony_n be_v of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n as_o that_o it_o include_v high_a treason_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o in_o the_o king_n pardon_n or_o charter_n this_o word_n felony_n shall_v extend_v only_o to_o common_a felony_n and_o at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o word_n felony_n by_o law_n be_v include_v petit_n treason_n murder_n homicide_n burn_v of_o house_n burglary_n robbery_n rape_n etc._n etc._n chance-medley_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la and_o petit_fw-fr larceny_n ph._n he_o say_v it_o be_v resolve_v but_o by_o who_o la._n by_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 4._o as_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o margin_n ph._n have_v justice_n of_o assize_n any_o power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o alter_v the_o language_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o receive_a sense_n of_o word_n or_o in_o the_o question_n in_o what_o case_n felony_n shall_v be_v say_v it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o judge_n to_o determine_v as_o in_o the_o question_n in_o what_o case_n treason_n shall_v be_v say_v it_o be_v refer_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o edw._n the_o 3d._n to_o the_o parliament_n i_o think_v not_o and_o yet_o perhaps_o they_o may_v be_v disoblige_v to_o disallow_v a_o pardon_n of_o treason_n when_o mention_v all_o felony_n it_o name_v not_o treason_n nor_o specify_v it_o by_o any_o description_n of_o the_o fact_n la._n another_o kind_n of_o homicide_n there_o be_v simple_o call_v so_o or_o by_o the_o name_n of_o manslaughter_n and_o be_v not_o murder_n and_o that_o be_v when_o a_o man_n kill_v another_o man_n upon_o sudden_a quarrel_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o blood_n ph._n if_o two_o meeting_n in_o the_o street_n chance_v to_o strive_v who_o shall_v go_v near_o to_o the_o wall_n and_o thereupon_o fight_v one_o of_o they_o kill_v the_o other_o i_o believe_v very_o he_o that_o first_o draw_v his_o sword_n do_v it_o of_o malice_n forethink_v though_o not_o long_o forethink_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v felony_n or_o no_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o harm_n do_v be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v do_v by_o felony_n but_o the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o intention_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o great_a and_o suppose_v it_o have_v be_v do_v by_o felony_n then_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n that_o it_o be_v very_a murder_n and_o when_o a_o man_n for_o a_o word_n or_o a_o trifle_n shall_v draw_v his_o sword_n and_o kill_v another_o man_n can_v any_o man_n imagine_v that_o there_o be_v not_o some_o precedent_n malice_n la._n it_o be_v very_o likely_a there_o be_v malice_n more_o or_o less_o and_o therefore_o the_o law_n have_v ordain_v for_o it_o a_o punishment_n equal_a to_o that_o of_o murder_n save_v that_o the_o offender_n shall_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o his_o clergy_n ph._n the_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n come_v in_o upon_o another_o account_n and_o import_v not_o any_o extenuation_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o it_o be_v but_o a_o relic_n of_o the_o old_a usurp_a papal_a privilege_n which_o be_v now_o by_o many_o statute_n so_o pare_v off_o as_o to_o spread_v but_o to_o few_o offence_n and_o be_v become_v a_o legal_a kind_n of_o convey_v mercy_n not_o only_o to_o the_o clergy_n but_o also_o to_o the_o laity_n la._n the_o work_n of_o a_o judge_n you_o see_v be_v very_o difficult_a and_o require_v a_o man_n that_o have_v a_o faculty_n of_o well_o distinguish_v of_o dissimilitude_n of_o such_o case_n as_o common_a judgement_n think_v to_o be_v the_o same_o a_o small_a 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doctrine_n heresy_n but_o justice_n stamford_n leave_v it_o out_o because_o when_o heresy_n be_v a_o crime_n it_o be_v a_o plea_n of_o the_o mitre_n i_o see_v also_o in_o this_o catalogue_n of_o cause_n criminal_a he_o insert_v costly_a feeding_n costly_a apparel_n and_o costly_a building_n though_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o no_o statute_n it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o evil_a circumstance_n they_o become_v sin_n but_o these_o sin_n belong_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o pastor_n spiritual_a a_o justice_n of_o the_o temporal_a law_n see_v the_o intention_n only_o make_v they_o sin_n can_v judge_v whether_o they_o be_v sin_n or_o no_o unless_o he_o have_v power_n to_o take_v confession_n also_o he_o make_v flattery_n of_o the_o king_n to_o be_v a_o crime_n how_o can_v he_o know_v when_o one_o man_n have_v flatter_v another_o he_o mean_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o please_v the_o king_n and_o according_o he_o cit_v divers_a calamity_n of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v 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another_o there_o be_v a_o case_n put_v to_o king_n david_n by_o nathan_n of_o a_o rich_a man_n that_o have_v many_o sheep_n and_o of_o a_o poor_a man_n that_o have_v but_o one_o which_o be_v a_o tame_a lamb_n the_o rich_a man_n have_v a_o stranger_n in_o his_o house_n for_o who_o entertainment_n to_o spare_v his_o own_o sheep_n he_o take_v away_o the_o poor_a man_n lamb._n upon_o this_o case_n the_o king_n give_v judgement_n sure_o the_o man_n that_o have_v do_v this_o shall_v die_v what_o think_v you_o of_o this_o be_v it_o a_o royal_a or_o tyrannical_a judgement_n la._n i_o will_v not_o contradict_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n which_o acknowledge_v the_o king_n of_o england_n within_o his_o own_o dominion_n have_v the_o same_o right_n which_o the_o good_a king_n of_o israel_n have_v in_o they_o nor_o deny_v king_n david_n to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o those_o good_a king_n but_o to_o punish_v with_o death_n without_o a_o precedent_a law_n will_v seem_v but_o a_o 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derogate_a from_o the_o royal_a power_n in_o any_o of_o their_o doctrine_n publish_v then_o certain_o they_o have_v be_v too_o blame_n nay_o i_o believe_v that_o have_v be_v more_o within_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n of_o 16_o rich._n 2._o c._n 5._o than_o any_o judge_n of_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n for_o hold_v plea_n of_o common_a law_n i_o cite_v not_o this_o precedent_n of_o king_n david_n as_o approve_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n or_o justify_v the_o punishment_n with_o loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n of_o every_o man_n that_o shall_v offend_v the_o king_n but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o before_o the_o charter_n be_v grant_v in_o all_o case_n where_o the_o punishment_n be_v not_o prescribe_v it_o be_v the_o king_n only_o that_o can_v prescribe_v they_o
of_o another_o man_n then_o as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 3_o inst._n p_o 56._o it_o have_v be_v murder_n ph._n there_o be_v indeed_o great_a need_n of_o good_a distinction_n in_o a_o case_n of_o kill_v by_o misfortune_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o unlawfulness_n of_o steal_v apple_n can_v make_v it_o murder_n unless_o the_o fall_n itself_o be_v unlawful_a it_o must_v be_v a_o voluntary_a unlawful_a act_n that_o cause_v the_o death_n or_o else_o it_o be_v no_o murder_n by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n now_o the_o death_n of_o the_o man_n that_o be_v under_o the_o tree_n proceed_v not_o from_o that_o that_o the_o apple_n be_v not_o his_o that_o fell_a but_o from_o the_o fall_n but_o if_o a_o man_n shoot_v with_o a_o bow_n or_o a_o gun_n at_o another_o man_n deer_n and_o by_o misfortune_n kill_v a_o man_n such_o shoot_a be_v both_o voluntary_a and_o unlawful_a and_o also_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o man_n death_n may_v be_v draw_v perhaps_o well_o enough_o sometime_o to_o murder_n by_o a_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n so_o likewise_o if_o a_o man_n shoot_v a_o arrow_n over_o a_o house_n and_o by_o chance_n kill_v a_o man_n in_o the_o street_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v murder_n for_o though_o he_o mean_v no_o malice_n to_o the_o man_n slay_v yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o care_v not_o who_o he_o slay_v in_o this_o difficulty_n of_o find_v out_o what_o it_o be_v that_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n dictate_v who_o be_v it_o that_o must_v decide_v the_o question_n la._n in_o the_o case_n of_o misfortune_n i_o think_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o jury_n for_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n only_o but_o when_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o the_o action_n from_o which_o the_o misfortune_n come_v be_v lawful_a or_o unlawful_a it_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n ph._n but_o if_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o the_o action_n as_o the_o steal_n of_o the_o apple_n do_v not_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o the_o man_n than_o the_o steal_n be_v it_o trespass_n or_o felony_n aught_o to_o be_v punish_v alone_o as_o the_o law_n require_v la._n but_o for_o kill_v of_o a_o man_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la the_o jury_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n here_o say_v shall_v not_o in_o their_o verdict_n say_v it_o be_v se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la but_o shall_v declare_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o fact_n in_o special_a and_o clear_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n to_o consider_v how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v call_v whether_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la manslaughter_n or_o murder_n ph._n one_o will_v think_v so_o for_o it_o be_v not_o often_o within_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o jury_n to_o distinguish_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o different_a and_o hard_a name_n which_o be_v give_v by_o lawyer_n to_o the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n as_o murder_n and_o felony_n which_o neither_o the_o law_n nor_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o law_n have_v yet_o define_v the_o witness_n say_v that_o thus_o and_o thus_o the_o person_n do_v but_o not_o that_o it_o be_v murder_n or_o felony_n no_o more_o can_v the_o jury_n say_v who_o ought_v to_o say_v nothing_o but_o what_o they_o hear_v from_o the_o witness_n or_o from_o the_o prisoner_n nor_o ought_v the_o judge_n to_o ground_v his_o sentence_n upon_o any_o thing_n else_o beside_o the_o special_a matter_n find_v which_o according_a as_o it_o be_v contrary_a or_o not_o contrary_a to_o the_o statute_n aught_o to_o be_v pronounce_v la._n but_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o that_o when_o the_o jury_n have_v find_v misfortune_n or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la there_o be_v no_o judgement_n at_o all_o to_o be_v give_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v of_o course_n save_v that_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n debt_n and_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n ph._n but_o i_o understand_v not_o how_o there_o can_v be_v a_o crime_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o judgement_n nor_o how_o any_o punishment_n can_v be_v inflict_v without_o a_o precedent_a judgement_n nor_o upon_o what_o ground_n the_o sheriff_n can_v seize_v the_o good_n of_o any_o man_n till_o it_o be_v judge_v that_o they_o be_v forfeit_v i_o know_v that_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o hang_v the_o judgement_n of_o forfeiture_n be_v employ_v which_o i_o understand_v not_o though_o i_o understand_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o sheriff_n by_o his_o office_n may_v seize_v the_o good_n of_o a_o felon_n convict_v much_o less_o do_v i_o conceive_v how_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o good_n can_v be_v employ_v in_o a_o no-judgment_n nor_o do_v i_o conceive_v that_o when_o the_o jury_n have_v find_v the_o special_a manner_n of_o the_o fact_n to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v real_o no_o other_o than_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la and_o consequent_o no_o fault_n at_o all_o why_o he_o shall_v have_v any_o punishment_n at_o all_o can_v you_o show_v i_o any_o reason_n for_o it_o la._n the_o reason_n lie_v in_o the_o custom_n ph._n you_o know_v that_o unreasonable_a custom_n be_v not_o law_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v abolish_v and_o what_o custom_n be_v there_o more_o unreasonable_a than_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v punish_v without_o a_o fault_n la._n then_o see_v the_o statute_n of_o 24_o hen._n 8._o cap._n 5._o ph._n i_o find_v here_o that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o question_n among_o the_o lawyer_n in_o case_n one_o man_n shall_v kill_v another_o that_o attempt_v felonious_o to_o rob_v or_o murder_v he_o in_o or_o near_o any_o common_a highway_n court-way_n horse-way_n or_o footway_n or_o in_o his_o mansion_n message_n or_o dwelling-place_n whether_o for_o the_o death_n of_o such_o a_o man_n one_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o a_o man_n shall_v do_v for_o kill_v another_o by_o chance-medley_n or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n this_o be_v the_o preamble_n and_o pen_v as_o well_o as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n can_v have_v wish_v but_o this_o statute_n do_v not_o determine_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n for_o kill_v a_o man_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la or_o for_o kill_v he_o by_o misfortune_n but_o suppose_v it_o only_o upon_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o lawyer_n that_o then_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v indict_v or_o appeal_v for_o the_o death_n of_o such_o person_n so_o attempt_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o the_o same_o by_o verdict_n be_v so_o find_v and_o try_v he_o shall_v not_o forfeit_v any_o thing_n but_o shall_v be_v discharge_v as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v find_v not_o guilty_a you_o see_v the_o statute_n now_o consider_v thereby_o in_o the_o case_n of_o kill_v se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la first_a if_o a_o man_n kill_v another_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o man_n slay_v do_v either_o attempt_n to_o rob_v or_o to_o kill_v or_o to_o wound_v he_o for_o else_o it_o be_v not_o do_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n if_o then_o it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o street_n or_o near_o the_o street_n as_o in_o a_o tavern_n he_o forfeit_v nothing_o because_o the_o street_n be_v a_o highway_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o all_o other_o common-way_n in_o what_o place_n therefore_o can_v a_o man_n kill_v another_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n but_o that_o this_o statute_n will_v discharge_v he_o of_o the_o forfeiture_n la._n but_o the_o statute_n say_v the_o attempt_n must_v be_v felonious_a ph._n when_o a_o man_n assault_v i_o with_o a_o knife_n sword_n club_n or_o other_o mortal_a weapon_n do_v any_o law_n forbid_v i_o to_o defend_v myself_o or_o command_v i_o to_o stay_v so_o long_o as_o to_o know_v whether_o he_o have_v a_o felonious_a intent_n or_o no_o therefore_o by_o this_o statute_n in_o case_n it_o be_v find_v se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la the_o forfeiture_n be_v discharge_v if_o it_o be_v find_v otherwise_o it_o be_v capital_a if_o we_o read_v the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n cap._n 9_o i_o think_v it_o will_v take_v away_o the_o difficulty_n for_o by_o that_o statute_n in_o case_n it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o country_n that_o he_o do_v it_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n or_o by_o misfortune_n then_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o justice_n to_o the_o king_n the_o king_n shall_v take_v he_o to_o his_o grace_n if_o it_o please_v he_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v first_o that_o it_o be_v then_o think_v law_n that_o the_o jury_n may_v give_v the_o general_a verdict_n of_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la which_o sir_n edw._n coke_n deny_v second_o that_o the_o judge_n ought_v to_o report_v especial_a matter_n to_o the_o king_n three_o that_o the_o king_n may_v take_v he_o to_o his_o grace_n if_o he_o please_v and_o consequent_o that_o his_o good_n be_v not_o to_o be_v seize_v till_o the_o
that_o be_v of_o what_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a to_o each_o sort_n of_o commonwealth_n in_o special_a the_o government_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v either_o democracy_n or_o aristocracy_n or_o oligarchy_n or_o monarchy_n democracy_n be_v that_o wherein_o all_o man_n with_o equal_a right_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a magistracy_n by_o lot_n aristocracy_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o high_a magistrate_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o those_o that_o have_v the_o best_a education_n according_a to_o what_o the_o law_n prescribe_v for_o best_a oligarchy_n be_v that_o where_o the_o high_a magistrate_n be_v choose_v for_o wealth_n monarchy_n be_v that_o wherein_o one_o man_n have_v the_o government_n of_o all_o which_o government_n if_o he_o limit_v it_o by_o law_n be_v call_v kingdom_n if_o by_o his_o own_o will_n tyranny_n the_o end_n of_o democracy_n or_o the_o people_n government_n be_v liberty_n the_o end_n of_o oligarchy_n be_v the_o riches_n of_o those_o that_o govern._n the_o end_n of_o aristocracy_n be_v good_a law_n and_o good_a order_n of_o the_o city_n the_o end_n of_o monarchy_n or_o king_n be_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n and_o conservation_n of_o his_o own_o authority_n good_a therefore_o in_o each_o sort_n of_o government_n be_v that_o which_o conduce_v to_o these_o their_o end_n and_o because_o belief_n be_v not_o get_v only_o by_o proof_n but_o also_o from_o manner_n the_o manner_n of_o each_o sort_n of_o commonwealth_n ought_v to_o be_v well_o understand_v by_o he_o that_o undertake_v to_o persuade_v or_o dissuade_v in_o matter_n of_o state_n their_o manner_n may_v be_v know_v by_o their_o design_n and_o their_o design_n by_o their_o end_n and_o their_o end_n by_o what_o we_o see_v they_o take_v pleasure_n in_o but_o of_o this_o more_o accurate_o in_o the_o politic_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o honourable_a and_o dishonourable_a in_o a_o demonstrative_a oration_n the_o subject_n whereof_o be_v praise_n or_o dispraise_v the_o proof_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o element_n of_o honourable_a and_o dishonourable_a in_o this_o place_n we_o anticipate_v the_o second_o way_n of_o get_v belief_n which_o be_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o speaker_n for_o praise_n whether_o it_o come_v in_o as_o the_o principal_a business_n or_o upon_o the_o by_o depend_v still_o upon_o the_o same_o principle_n which_o be_v these_o honourable_a be_v that_o which_o we_o love_v for_o itself_o and_o be_v withal_o laudable_a and_o that_o good_a which_o please_v we_o only_o because_o it_o be_v good_n and_o virtue_n virtue_n be_v the_o faculty_n of_o get_v and_o preserve_v that_o which_o be_v good_a and_o the_o faculty_n of_o do_v many_o and_o great_a thing_n well_o the_o kind_n of_o it_o be_v these_o 1._o justice_n which_o be_v a_o virtue_n whereby_o every_o man_n obtain_v what_o by_o law_n be_v he_o 2._o fortitude_n which_o be_v a_o virtue_n by_o which_o a_o man_n carry_v himself_o honourable_o and_o according_a to_o the_o law_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n 3._o temperance_n which_o be_v a_o virtue_n whereby_o a_o man_n govern_v himself_o in_o matter_n of_o pleasure_n according_a to_o the_o law_n 4._o liberality_n which_o be_v a_o virtue_n by_o which_o we_o benefit_n other_o in_o matter_n of_o money_n 5._o magnanimity_n which_o be_v a_o virtue_n by_o which_o a_o man_n be_v apt_a to_o do_v great_a benefit_n 6._o magnificence_n which_o be_v a_o virtue_n by_o which_o a_o man_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v at_o great_a cost_n 7._o prudence_n which_o be_v a_o intellectual_a virtue_n by_o which_o a_o man_n be_v able_a to_o deliberate_v well_o concern_v any_o good_a lead_n to_o felicity_n and_o honourable_a be_v the_o cause_n and_o effect_n of_o thing_n honourable_a and_o the_o work_n of_o virtue_n and_o the_o sign_n of_o virtue_n and_o those_o action_n the_o reward_n whereof_o be_v honor._n and_o the_o reward_n whereof_o be_v rather_o honour_n than_o money_n and_o that_o which_o we_o do_v not_o for_o our_o own_o sake_n and_o what_o we_o do_v for_o our_o country_n good_a neglect_v our_o own_o and_o those_o thing_n be_v honourable_a which_o good_a of_o themselves_o be_v not_o so_o to_o the_o owner_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o dead_a rather_o than_o to_o the_o live_n and_o what_o we_o do_v for_o other_o man_n especial_o for_o benefactor_n and_o bestow_v of_o benefit_n and_o the_o contrary_a of_o those_o thing_n we_o be_v ashamed_a of_o and_o those_o thing_n which_o man_n strive_v for_o earnest_o but_o without_o fear_n of_o adversary_n and_o of_o the_o more_o honourable_a and_o better_a man_n the_o virtue_n be_v more_o honourable_a and_o more_o honourable_a be_v the_o virtue_n that_o tend_v to_o other_o man_n benefit_n than_o those_o which_o tend_v to_o one_o own_n and_o honourable_a be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v just._n and_o revenge_n be_v honourable_a and_o victory_n and_o honour_n and_o monument_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o happen_v not_o ot_fw-mi the_o live_a and_o thing_n that_o excel_v and_o what_o none_o can_v do_v but_o we_o and_o possession_n we_o reap_v no_o profit_n by_o and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v have_v in_o honour_n particular_o in_o several_a place_n and_o the_o sign_n of_o praise_n and_o to_o have_v nothing_o of_o the_o servile_a mercenary_a or_o mechanic_n and_o that_o which_o seem_v honourable_a namely_o such_o as_o follow_v vice_n confine_v upon_o virtue_n and_o the_o extreme_n of_o virtue_n and_o what_o the_o auditor_n think_v honourable_a and_o that_o which_o be_v in_o estimation_n and_o that_o which_o be_v do_v according_a to_o custom_n beside_o in_o a_o demonstrative_a oration_n the_o orator_n must_v show_v that_o he_o who_o he_o praise_v do_v what_o he_o praise_v unconstrain_o and_o willing_o and_o he_o do_v so_o who_o do_v the_o same_o often_o praise_v be_v speech_n declare_v the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o virtue_n action_n or_o work_n but_o to_o praise_v the_o work_n from_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o worker_n be_v a_o circular_a proof_n to_o magnify_v and_o to_o praise_n differ_v in_o themselves_o as_o felicity_n and_o virtue_n for_o praise_n declare_v a_o man_n virtue_n and_o magnify_v declare_v his_o felicity_n praise_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o invert_v precept_n for_o to_o say_v do_v it_o because_o it_o be_v good_a be_v a_o precept_n but_o to_o say_v he_o be_v good_a because_o he_o do_v it_o be_v praise_n a_o orator_n in_o praise_v must_v also_o use_v the_o form_n of_o amplification_n such_o as_o these_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o do_v it_o the_o only_a man_n that_o do_v it_o the_o special_a man_n that_o do_v it_o he_o do_v it_o with_o disadvantage_n of_o time_n he_o do_v it_o with_o little_a help_n he_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o law_n ordain_v reward_n and_o honour_n for_o such_o action_n further_o he_o that_o will_v praise_v a_o man_n must_v compare_v he_o with_o other_o and_o his_o action_n with_o the_o action_n of_o other_o especial_o with_o such_o as_o be_v renown_v and_o amplification_n be_v more_o proper_a to_o a_o demonstrative_a oration_n than_o to_o any_o other_o for_o here_o the_o action_n be_v confess_v and_o the_o orator_n part_n be_v only_o this_o to_o contribute_v unto_o they_o magnitude_n and_o luster_n chap._n x._o of_o accusation_n and_o defence_n with_o the_o definition_n of_o injury_n in_o a_o judicial_a oration_n which_o consist_v in_o accusation_n and_o defence_n the_o thing_n to_o be_v prove_v be_v that_o injury_n have_v be_v do_v and_o the_o head_n from_o whence_o the_o proof_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v be_v these_o three_o 1._o the_o cause_n that_o move_v to_o injury_n 2._o the_o person_n apt_a to_o do_v injury_n 3._o the_o person_n obnoxious_a or_o apt_a to_o suffer_v injury_n a_o injury_n be_v a_o voluntary_a offend_v of_o another_o man_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n voluntary_a be_v that_o which_o a_o man_n do_v with_o knowledge_n and_o without_o compulsion_n the_o cause_n of_o voluntary_a action_n be_v intemperance_n and_o a_o vicious_a disposition_n concern_v thing_n desirable_a as_o the_o covetous_a man_n do_v against_o the_o law_n out_o of_o a_o intemperate_a desire_n of_o money_n all_o action_n proceed_v either_o from_o the_o doer_n disposition_n or_o not_o those_o that_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o doer_n disposition_n be_v such_o as_o he_o do_v by_o chance_n by_o compulsion_n or_o by_o natural_a necessity_n those_o that_o proceed_v from_o the_o doer_n disposition_n be_v such_o as_o he_o do_v by_o custom_n or_o upon_o premeditation_n or_o in_o anger_n or_o out_o of_o intemperance_n by_o chance_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v those_o thing_n whereof_o neither_o the_o cause_n nor_o the_o scope_n be_v evident_a and_o which_o be_v do_v neither_o orderly_a nor_o always_o nor_o most_o common_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o nature_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v those_o thing_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v in_o
have_v suffer_v and_o those_o thing_n wherein_o prosecution_n of_o injury_n may_v be_v think_v a_o love_n of_o contention_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v for_o the_o definition_n of_o just_a and_o unjust_a when_o the_o fact_n be_v evident_a the_o next_o inquiry_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a for_o the_o definition_n of_o just_a and_o unjust_a we_o must_v know_v what_o law_n be_v that_o be_v what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n what_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n what_o the_o law_n civil_a what_o write_v law_n and_o what_o unwritten_a law_n be_v and_o what_o person_n that_o be_v what_o a_o public_a person_n or_o the_o city_n be_v and_o what_o a_o private_a person_n or_o citizen_n be_v unjust_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o man_n be_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n unjust_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o man_n of_o those_o nation_n which_o traffic_n and_o come_v together_o be_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n common_a to_o those_o nation_n unjust_a only_o in_o one_o commonwealth_n be_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n civil_a or_o law_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n he_o that_o be_v accuse_v to_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o public_a or_o a_o private_a person_n be_v accuse_v to_o do_v it_o either_o ignorant_o or_o unwilling_o or_o in_o anger_n or_o upon_o premeditation_n and_o because_o the_o defendant_n do_v many_o time_n confess_v the_o fact_n but_o deny_v the_o unjustice_n as_o that_o he_o take_v but_o do_v not_o steal_v and_o do_v but_o not_o adultery_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v the_o definition_n of_o theft_n adultery_n and_o all_o other_o crime_n what_o fact_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o write_a law_n may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o law_n themselves_o beside_o write_v law_n whatsoever_o be_v just_o proceed_v from_o equity_n or_o goodness_n from_o goodness_n proceed_v that_o which_o we_o be_v praise_v or_o honour_v for_o from_o equity_n proceed_v those_o action_n which_o though_o the_o write_a law_n command_v not_o yet_o be_v interpret_v reasonable_o and_o supply_v seem_v to_o require_v at_o our_o hand_n action_n of_o equity_n be_v such_o as_o these_o not_o too_o rigorous_o to_o punish_v error_n mischance_n or_o injury_n to_o pardon_v the_o fault_n that_o adhere_v to_o mankind_n and_o not_o to_o consider_v the_o law_n so_o much_o as_o the_o lawmaker_n mind_n and_o not_o the_o word_n so_o much_o as_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o to_o regard_v so_o much_o the_o fact_n as_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o doer_n nor_o part_n of_o the_o fact_n but_o the_o whole_a nor_o what_o the_o doer_n be_v but_o what_o he_o have_v be_v always_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o to_o remember_v better_o the_o good_a receive_v than_o the_o iii_o and_o to_o endure_v injury_n patient_o and_o to_o submit_v rather_o to_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n than_o of_o the_o sword_n and_o to_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o arbitrator_n rather_o than_o of_o a_o judge_n chap._n xv._n of_o the_o colour_n or_o common_a opinion_n concern_v injury_n comparative_o common_a opinion_n concern_v injury_n comparative_o be_v such_o as_o these_o greater_n be_v the_o injury_n which_o proceed_v from_o great_a iniquity_n and_o from_o which_o proceed_v great_a damage_n and_o of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o revenge_n and_o for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n and_o by_o occasion_n of_o which_o he_o that_o have_v receive_v the_o injury_n have_v do_v some_o mischief_n to_o himself_o he_o do_v the_o great_a injury_n that_o do_v it_o first_o or_o alone_o or_o with_o few_o and_o he_o that_o do_v it_o often_o great_a injury_n be_v that_o against_o which_o law_n and_o penalty_n be_v first_o make_v and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o brutal_a or_o more_o approach_v to_o the_o action_n of_o beast_n and_o that_o which_o be_v do_v upon_o more_o premeditation_n and_o by_o which_o more_o law_n be_v break_v and_o which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n and_o which_o be_v of_o great_a shame_n to_o he_o that_o receive_v the_o injury_n and_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o well_o deserver_n and_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o unwritten_a law_n because_o good_a man_n shall_v observe_v the_o law_n for_o justice_n and_o not_o for_o fear_v of_o punishment_n and_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o write_a law_n because_o he_o that_o will_v do_v injury_n neglect_v the_o penalty_n set_v down_o in_o the_o write_a law_n be_v much_o more_o likely_a to_o transgress_v the_o unwritten_a law_n where_o there_o be_v no_o penalty_n at_o all_o chap._n xvi_o of_o proof_n inartificial_a of_o artificial_a proof_n we_o have_v already_o speak_v inartificial_a proof_n which_o we_o invent_v not_o but_o make_v use_n of_o be_v of_o five_o sort_n 1._o law_n and_o those_o be_v civil_a or_o write_v law_n the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o universal_a law_n of_o nature_n 2._o witness_n and_o those_o be_v such_o as_o concern_v matter_n and_o such_o as_o concern_v manner_n also_o they_o be_v ancient_a or_o present_a 3._o evidence_n or_o write_n 4._o question_v or_o torture_n 5._o oath_n and_o those_o be_v either_o give_v or_o take_v or_o both_o or_o neither_o for_o law_n we_o use_v they_o thus_o when_o the_o write_a law_n make_v against_o we_o we_o appeal_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n allege_v that_o to_o be_v great_a justice_n which_o be_v great_a equity_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a the_o write_a law_n mutable_a that_o the_o write_a law_n be_v but_o seem_a justice_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n very_a justice_n and_o justice_n be_v among_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v and_o not_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o the_o judge_n ought_v to_o discern_v between_o true_a and_o adulterate_a justice_n that_o they_o be_v better_a man_n that_o obey_v unwritten_a than_o write_v law_n that_o the_o law_n against_o we_o do_v contradict_v some_o other_o law_n and_o when_o the_o law_n have_v a_o double_a interpretation_n that_o be_v the_o true_a one_o which_o make_v for_o we_o and_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o law_n be_v abolish_v the_o law_n be_v no_o more_o of_o validity_n but_o when_o the_o write_a law_n make_v for_o we_o and_o equity_n for_o the_o adversary_n we_o must_v allege_v that_o a_o man_n may_v use_v equity_n not_o as_o a_o liberty_n to_o judge_n against_o the_o law_n but_o only_o as_o a_o security_n against_o be_v forswear_v when_o he_o know_v not_o the_o law_n that_o man_n seek_v not_o equity_n because_o it_o be_v good_a simple_o but_o because_o good_a for_o they_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n not_o to_o make_v and_o not_o to_o use_v the_o law_n that_o as_o in_o other_o art_n and_o namely_o in_o physic_n fallacy_n be_v pernicious_a so_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v pernicious_a to_o use_v pretext_n against_o the_o law_n and_o that_o in_o commonwealth_n well_o institute_v to_o seem_v wise_a than_o the_o law_n be_v prohibit_v for_o witness_n we_o must_v use_v they_o thus_o when_o we_o have_v they_o not_o we_o must_v stand_v for_o presumption_n and_o say_v that_o in_o equity_n sentence_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v according_a to_o the_o most_o probability_n that_o presumption_n be_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o can_v be_v bribe_v that_o they_o can_v lie_v when_o we_o have_v witness_n against_o he_o that_o have_v they_o not_o we_o must_v say_v that_o presumption_n if_o they_o be_v false_a can_v be_v punish_v that_o if_o presumption_n be_v enough_o witness_n be_v superfluous_a for_o write_n when_o they_o favour_v we_o we_o must_v say_v that_o write_n be_v private_a and_o particular_a law_n and_o he_o that_o take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o evidence_n abolish_v the_o law_n that_o since_o contract_n and_o negotiation_n pass_v by_o write_n he_o that_o bar_v their_o use_n dissolve_v humane_a society_n against_o they_o if_o they_o favour_v the_o adversary_n we_o may_v say_v that_o since_o law_n do_v not_o bind_v that_o be_v fraudulent_o make_v to_o pass_v much_o less_o write_n and_o that_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o dispense_v justice_n ought_v rather_o to_o consider_v what_o be_v just_a than_o what_o be_v in_o the_o write_n that_o write_n may_v be_v get_v by_o fraud_n or_o force_n but_o justice_n by_o neither_o that_o the_o write_n be_v repugnant_a to_o some_o law_n civil_a or_o natural_a or_o to_o justice_n or_o to_o honesty_n that_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o some_o other_o write_v before_o or_o after_o that_o it_o cross_v some_o commodity_n of_o the_o judge_n which_o must_v not_o be_v say_v direct_o but_o employ_v cunning_o for_o the_o torture_n if_o the_o give_v of_o it_o make_v for_o we_o we_o must_v say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o only_a testimony_n
can_v conceive_v i_o understand_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n be_v get_v by_o much_o study_n as_o all_o other_o science_n be_v which_o when_o they_o be_v study_v and_o obtain_v it_o be_v still_o do_v by_o natural_a and_o not_o by_o artificial_a reason_n i_o grant_v you_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n be_v a_o art_n but_o not_o that_o any_o art_n of_o one_o man_n or_o of_o many_o how_o wise_a soever_o they_o be_v or_o the_o work_n of_o one_o and_o more_o artificer_n how_o perfect_a soever_o it_o be_v be_v law_n it_o be_v not_o wisdom_n but_o authority_n that_o make_v a_o law_n obscure_a also_o be_v the_o word_n legal_a reason_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n in_o earthly_a creature_n but_o humane_a reason_n but_o i_o suppose_v that_o he_o mean_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o judge_n or_o of_o all_o the_o judge_n together_o without_o the_o king_n be_v that_o summa_fw-la ratio_fw-la and_o the_o very_a law_n which_o i_o deny_v because_o none_o can_v make_v a_o law_n but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o legislative_a power_n that_o the_o law_n have_v be_v fine_v by_o grave_a and_o learned_a man_n mean_v the_o professor_n of_o the_o law_n be_v manifest_o untrue_a for_o all_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n consult_v with_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n of_o which_o not_o one_o of_o twenty_o be_v a_o learned_a lawyer_n law_n you_o speak_v of_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o common_a law_n ph._n i_o speak_v general_o of_o law_n la._n thus_o far_o i_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o statute_n law_n take_v away_o there_o will_v not_o be_v leave_v either_o here_o or_o any_o where_o any_o law_n at_o all_o that_o will_v conduce_v to_o the_o peace_n of_o a_o nation_n yet_o equity_n and_o reason_n which_o law_n divine_a and_o eternal_a which_o oblige_v all_o man_n at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n will_v still_o remain_v but_o be_v obey_v by_o few_o and_o 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of_o reason_n oblige_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o law_n of_o god_n to_o neglect_v such_o advice_n la._n i_o grant_v you_o that_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a legislator_n but_o with_o this_o restriction_n that_o if_o he_o will_v not_o consult_v with_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n and_o hear_v the_o complaint_n and_o information_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o be_v best_a acquaint_v with_o their_o own_o want_n he_o sin_v against_o god_n though_o he_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o any_o thing_n by_o his_o subject_n by_o arm_n and_o force_n ph._n we_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o already_o since_o therefore_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a legislator_n i_o think_v it_o also_o reason_n he_o shall_v be_v sole_a supreme_a judge_n la._n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o that_o for_o otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v no_o congruity_n of_o judgement_n with_o the_o law_n i_o grant_v also_o that_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n over_o all_o person_n judge_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a within_o his_o own_o dominion_n not_o only_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n at_o this_o time_n but_o that_o he_o have_v ever_o be_v so_o by_o the_o common-law_n for_o the_o judge_n of_o both_o the_o bench_n have_v their_o office_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n and_o so_o as_o to_o judicature_n have_v the_o bishop_n also_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n have_v his_o office_n by_o receive_v from_o the_o king_n the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o to_o say_v all_o at_o once_o there_o be_v no_o magistrate_n or_o commissioner_n for_o public_a business_n neither_o of_o judicature_n nor_o execution_n in_o state_n or_o church_n in_o peace_n or_o war_n but_o he_o be_v make_v so_o by_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n ph._n it_o be_v true_a but_o perhaps_o you_o may_v â—â—ink_v otherwise_o when_o you_o read_v such_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o say_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v â—ave_n power_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v this_o or_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o act_n as_o eliz._n c._n 1._o that_o your_o highness_n your_o heir_n and_o successor_n king_n or_o queen_n of_o this_o realm_n shall_v have_v â—â—ll_v power_n and_o authority_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o assign_v etc._n etc._n be_v it_o not_o this_o parliament_n that_o give_v this_o authority_n to_o the_o queen_n la._n for_o the_o statute_n in_o this_o clause_n be_v no_o more_o than_o as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n use_v to_o speak_v a_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common-law_n for_o she_o be_v head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n may_v make_v commissioner_n for_o the_o deâ—iding_n of_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a as_o free_o â—s_v if_o she_o have_v be_v pope_n who_o do_v you_o know_v pretend_v his_o right_n from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n ph._n we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v of_o law_n without_o consider_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o a_o law_n and_o now_o unless_o we_o define_v the_o word_n law_n we_o can_v go_v no_o â—arther_o without_o ambiguity_n and_o fallacy_n which_o will_v be_v but_o loss_n of_o time_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o agreement_n upon_o our_o word_n will_v enlighten_v all_o we_o have_v to_o say_v â—hereafter_o la._n i_o do_v not_o remember_v the_o definition_n of_o law_n in_o any_o statute_n ph._n i_o think_v so_o for_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o authority_n and_o not_o draw_v from_o any_o other_o principle_n than_o the_o care_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n statute_n be_v not_o philosophy_n as_o be_v the_o common-law_n and_o other_o disputable_a art_n but_o be_v command_n or_o prohibition_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v obey_v because_o assent_v to_o by_o submission_n make_v to_o the_o conqueror_n here_o in_o england_n and_o to_o whosoever_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o other_o common_a wealth_n so_o that_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o all_o place_n be_v statute_n the_o definition_n of_o law_n be_v therefore_o unnecessary_a for_o the_o maker_n of_o statute_n though_o very_o necessary_a to_o they_o who_o work_n it_o be_v to_o teach_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n la._n there_o be_v a_o accurate_a definition_n of_o a_o law_n in_o bracton_n cite_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la sanctio_fw-la justa_fw-la jubens_fw-la honesta_fw-la &_o prohibens_fw-la contraria_fw-la ph._n that_o be_v to_o say_v law_n be_v a_o just_a statute_n command_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v honest_a and_o forbid_v the_o contrary_a from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o all_o case_n it_o must_v be_v the_o honesty_n or_o dishonesty_n that_o make_v the_o command_n a_o law_n whereas_o you_o know_v that_o but_o for_o the_o law_n we_o can_v not_o as_o say_v st._n paul_n have_v know_v what_o be_v sin_n therefore_o this_o definition_n be_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o for_o any_o far_a discourse_n of_o law_n beside_o you_o know_v the_o rule_n of_o honest_a and_o dishonest_a refer_v to_o honour_n and_o that_o it_o be_v justice_n only_o and_o injustice_n that_o the_o law_n respect_v but_o that_o which_o i_o most_o except_v against_o in_o this_o definition_n be_v that_o it_o suppose_v that_o a_o statute_n make_v by_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o a_o nation_n may_v be_v unjust_a there_o may_v indeed_o in_o a_o statute_n law_n make_v by_o man_n be_v find_v iniquity_n but_o not_o injustice_n la._n this_o be_v somewhat_o subtle_a i_o pray_v deal_v plain_o what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o injustice_n and_o iniquity_n ph._n i_o pray_v you_o tell_v i_o first_o what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n la._n a_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v that_o which_o have_v cognizance_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v to_o be_v end_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o a_o
court_n of_o equity_n in_o that_o to_o which_o belong_v such_o cause_n as_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o equity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n ph._n you_o see_v then_o that_o the_o difference_n between_o injustice_n and_o iniquity_n be_v this_o that_o injustice_n be_v the_o transgression_n of_o a_o statute-law_n and_o iniquity_n the_o transgression_n of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o law_n be_v court_n of_o justice_n because_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o statute-law_n be_v iniquity_n and_o injustice_n also_o but_o perhaps_o you_o mean_v by_o common-law_n not_o the_o law_n itself_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o the_o law_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n by_o 12_o man_n freeholder_n though_o those_o 12_o man_n be_v no_o court_n of_o equity_n nor_o of_o justice_n because_o they_o determine_v not_o what_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a but_o only_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v or_o not_o do_v and_o their_o judgement_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v proper_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o witness_n for_o to_o speak_v exact_o there_o can_v possible_o be_v any_o judge_n of_o fact_n beside_o the_o witness_n la._n how_o will_v you_o have_v a_o law_n define_v ph._n thus_o a_o law_n be_v the_o command_n of_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n give_v to_o those_o that_o be_v he_o or_o their_o subject_n declare_v public_o and_o plain_o what_o every_o of_o they_o may_v do_v and_o what_o they_o must_v forbear_v to_o do_v la._n see_v all_o judge_n in_o all_o court_v aught_o to_o judge_n according_a to_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n a_o distinct_a court_n of_o equity_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o but_o a_o burden_n to_o the_o people_n since_o common-law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o same_o law_n ph._n it_o be_v so_o indeed_o if_o judge_n can_v not_o err_v but_o since_o they_o may_v err_v and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o any_o other_o law_n but_o that_o of_o equity_n it_o belong_v to_o he_o alone_o to_o give_v remedy_n to_o they_o that_o by_o the_o ignorance_n or_o corruption_n of_o a_o judge_n shall_v suffer_v damage_n la._n by_o your_o definition_n of_o a_o law_n the_o king_n proclamation_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o be_v a_o command_n and_o public_a and_o of_o the_o sovereign_n to_o his_o subject_n ph._n why_o not_o if_o he_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o subject_n for_o this_o be_v a_o maxim_n at_o the_o common-law_n allege_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n himself_o 1_o inst._n sect._n 306._o quando_fw-la lex_fw-la aliquid_fw-la concedit_fw-la concedere_fw-la videtur_fw-la &_o id_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la devenitur_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la and_o you_o know_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n that_o divers_a king_n of_o â—ngland_n have_v often_o to_o the_o petition_n in_o parliament_n which_o they_o grant_v annex_v such_o exception_n as_o these_o unless_o there_o be_v necessity_n save_v our_o regality_n which_o i_o think_v shall_v be_v always_o understand_v though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v and_o be_v understand_v so_o by_o common_a lawyer_n who_o agree_v that_o the_o king_n may_v recall_v any_o grant_n wherein_o he_o be_v deceive_v la._n again_o whereas_o you_o make_v it_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o law_n to_o be_v public_o and_o plain_o declare_v to_o the_o people_n i_o see_v no_o necessity_n for_o that_o be_v not_o all_o subject_n bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n when_o no_o act_n can_v pass_v without_o their_o consent_n ph._n if_o you_o have_v say_v that_o no_o act_n can_v pass_v without_o their_o knowledge_n than_o indeed_o they_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o but_o none_o can_v have_v knowledge_n of_o they_o but_o the_o member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n be_v excuse_v or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o furnish_v people_n with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o copy_n at_o the_o people_n charge_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n at_o their_o return_n into_o the_o country_n that_o every_o man_n may_v resort_v to_o they_o and_o by_o themselves_o or_o friend_n take_v notice_n of_o what_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v obey_v and_o that_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v a_o thing_n impossible_a be_v one_o of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n maxim_n at_o the_o common-law_n i_o know_v that_o most_o of_o the_o statute_n be_v print_v but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o buy_v the_o book_n of_o statute_n nor_o to_o search_v for_o they_o at_o westminster_n or_o at_o the_o tower_n nor_o to_o understand_v the_o language_n wherein_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n write_v la._n i_o grant_v it_o proceed_v from_o their_o own_o fault_n but_o no_o man_n can_v be_v excuse_v by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o ignorance_n of_o the_o common-law_n except_o child_n madman_n and_o idiot_n but_o you_o exact_v such_o a_o notice_n of_o the_o statute-law_n as_o be_v almost_o impossible_a be_v it_o not_o enough_o that_o they_o in_o all_o place_n have_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o the_o penal_a statute_n ph._n yes_o if_o they_o have_v those_o penal_a statute_n near_o they_o but_o what_o reason_n can_v you_o give_v i_o why_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o many_o copy_n abroad_o of_o the_o statute_n as_o there_o be_v of_o the_o bible_n la._n i_o think_v it_o be_v well_o that_o every_o man_n that_o can_v read_v have_v a_o statute-book_n for_o certain_o no_o knowledge_n of_o those_o law_n by_o which_o man_n life_n and_o fortune_n can_v be_v bring_v into_o danger_n can_v be_v too_o much_o i_o find_v a_o great_a fault_n in_o your_o definition_n of_o law_n which_o be_v that_o every_o law_n either_o forbid_v or_o command_v something_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o moral-law_n be_v always_o a_o command_n or_o a_o prohibition_n or_o at_o least_o imply_v it_o but_o in_o the_o levitical-law_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o that_o steal_v a_o sheep_n shall_v restore_v four_o fold_n what_o command_n or_o prohibition_n lie_v in_o these_o word_n ph._n such_o sentence_n as_o that_o be_v not_o in_o themselves_o general_n but_o judgement_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v in_o those_o word_n imply_v a_o commandment_n to_o the_o judge_n to_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o fourfold_a restitution_n la._n that_o be_v right_a ph._n now_o define_v what_o justice_n be_v and_o what_o action_n and_o man_n be_v to_o be_v call_v just._n la._n justice_n be_v the_o constant_a will_n of_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o right_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o to_o exclude_v the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n else_o to_o the_o same_o thing_n a_o just_a action_n be_v that_o which_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n a_o just_a man_n be_v he_o that_o have_v a_o constant_a will_n to_o live_v just_o if_o you_o require_v more_o i_o doubt_v there_o will_v no_o man_n live_v be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o definition_n ph._n see_v then_o that_o a_o just_a action_n according_a to_o your_o definition_n be_v that_o which_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o before_o there_o be_v a_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o injustice_n and_o therefore_o law_n be_v in_o their_o nature_n antecedent_n to_o justice_n and_o injustice_n and_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o there_o must_v be_v lawmaker_n before_o there_o be_v any_o law_n and_o consequent_o before_o there_o be_v any_o justice_n i_o speak_v of_o humane_a justice_n and_o that_o lawmaker_n be_v before_o that_o which_o you_o call_v own_o or_o property_n of_o good_n or_o land_n distinguish_v by_o meum_fw-la tuum_fw-la alienum_fw-la la._n that_o must_v be_v grant_v for_o without_o statute-law_n all_o man_n have_v right_o to_o all_o thing_n and_o we_o have_v have_v experience_n when_o our_o law_n be_v silence_v by_o civil_a war_n there_o be_v not_o a_o man_n that_o of_o any_o good_n can_v say_v assure_o they_o be_v his_o own_o ph._n you_o see_v then_o that_o no_o private_a man_n can_v claim_v a_o propriety_n in_o any_o land_n or_o other_o good_n from_o any_o title_n from_o any_o man_n but_o the_o king_n or_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n because_o it_o be_v in_o virtue_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n that_o every_o man_n may_v not_o enter_v into_o and_o possess_v what_o he_o please_v and_o consequent_o to_o deny_v the_o sovereign_a any_o thing_n necessary_a to_o
shall_v have_v be_v commend_v you_o see_v by_o this_o that_o many_o thing_n be_v make_v crime_n and_o no_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o by_o diversity_n of_o law_n make_v upon_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n or_o of_o interest_n by_o they_o which_o have_v authority_n and_o yet_o those_o thing_n whether_o good_a or_o evil_a will_v pass_v so_o with_o the_o vulgar_a if_o they_o hear_v they_o often_o with_o odious_a term_n recite_v for_o heinous_a crime_n in_o themselves_o as_o many_o of_o those_o opinion_n which_o be_v in_o themselves_o pious_a and_o lawful_a be_v heretofore_o by_o the_o pope_n interest_n therein_o call_v detestable_a heresy_n again_o some_o controversy_n be_v of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n other_o of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o land_n there_o need_v by_o many_o court_n to_o the_o decide_n of_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o controversy_n what_o order_n be_v there_o take_v for_o their_o distribution_n la._n there_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a 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statute_n without_o elsewhere_o pursue_v to_o have_v remedy_n by_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v very_o apparent_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o the_o chancery_n may_v hold_v plea_n upon_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o party_n grieve_v in_o any_o case_n tryable_a at_o the_o common-law_n because_o the_o party_n shall_v have_v present_a remedy_n in_o that_o court_n by_o force_n of_o this_o act_n without_o pursue_v for_o remedy_n elsewhere_o la._n yes_o but_o sir_n edw._n coke_n answer_v this_o objection_n 4_o inst._n p._n 82._o in_o this_o manner_n these_o word_n say_v he_o he_o shall_v have_v remedy_n signify_v no_o more_o but_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v present_o there_o a_o remedial_a writ_n ground_v upon_o those_o statute_n to_o give_v he_o remedy_n at_o the_o common-law_n ph._n very_o like_o sir_n edw._n coke_n think_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o party_n have_v his_o writ_n he_o have_v his_o remedy_n though_o he_o keep_v the_o writ_n in_o his_o pocket_n without_o pursue_v 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the_o judgement_n only_o when_o they_o be_v erroneous_a and_o now_o let_v we_o consider_v of_o crime_n in_o particular_a the_o plea_n whereof_o be_v common_o call_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o punishment_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o first_o of_o the_o high_a crime_n of_o all_o which_o be_v high_a treason_n tell_v i_o what_o be_v high_a treason_n of_o crime_n capital_a la._n the_o first_o statute_n that_o declare_v what_o be_v high_a treason_n be_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o edw._n 3._o in_o these_o word_n whereas_o divers_a opinion_n have_v be_v before_o this_o time_n in_o what_o case_n treason_n shall_v be_v say_v and_o in_o what_o not_o the_o king_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o commons_o have_v make_v declaration_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o hereafter_o follow_v that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o a_o man_n do_v compass_n or_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n of_o our_o lady_n the_o queen_n or_o of_o their_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n or_o if_o a_o man_n do_v violate_v the_o king_n companion_n or_o the_o king_n elder_a daughter_n unmarried_a or_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o king_n elder_a son_n and_o heir_n or_o if_o a_o man_n do_v levy_v war_n against_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o his_o realm_n or_o be_v adherent_a to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o his_o realm_n give_v to_o they_o aid_n and_o comfort_n in_o the_o realm_n or_o elsewhere_o and_o thereof_o be_v provable_o attaint_v by_o open_a deed_n by_o people_n of_o their_o condition_n and_o if_o a_o man_n counterfeit_n the_o king_n great_a or_o privy-seal_n or_o his_o money_n and_o if_o a_o man_n bring_v false_a money_n into_o this_o realm_n counterfeit_n to_o the_o money_n of_o england_n as_o the_o money_n call_v lushburgh_n or_o other_o like_a to_o the_o say_a money_n of_o england_n know_v the_o money_n to_o be_v false_a to_o merchandise_n and_o make_v payment_n in_o deceit_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o people_n and_o if_o a_o man_n slay_v the_o chancellor_n treasurer_n or_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o the_o one_o bench_n or_o the_o other_o justices_z in_o eyre_n or_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o all_o other_o justice_n assign_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v be_v in_o their_o place_n and_o do_v their_o office_n and_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o case_n above_o rehearse_v that_o that_o ought_v to_o be_v adjudge_v treason_n which_o extend_v to_o our_o royal_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o royal_a majesty_n and_o of_o such_o treason_n the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o escheat_n pertain_v to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n as_o well_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v of_o other_o as_o himself_o and_o moreover_o there_o be_v another_o manner_n of_o treason_n that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o a_o servant_n slay_v his_o master_n or_o a_o wife_n her_o husband_n or_o when_o a_o man_n secular_a or_o religious_a slay_v his_o prelate_n to_o who_o he_o owe_v faith_n and_o obedience_n and_o of_o such_o treason_n the_o escheat_n ought_v to_o pertain_v to_o every_o lord_n of_o his_o own_o fee_n and_o because_o many_o other_o like_o case_n of_o treason_n may_v happen_v in_o time_n to_o come_v which_o a_o man_n can_v think_v nor_o declare_v at_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v accord_v that_o if_o any_o case_n suppose_a treason_n which_o be_v not_o above_o specify_v do_v happen_v before_o any_o justice_n the_o justice_n shall_v tarry_v without_o give_v any_o judgement_n of_o the_o treason_n till_o the_o cause_n be_v show_v and_o declare_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o parliament_n whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v adjudge_v treason_n or_o other_o felony_n ph._n i_o desire_v to_o understand_v what_o treason_n be_v wherein_o no_o enumeration_n of_o fact_n can_v give_v i_o satisfaction_n treason_n be_v a_o crime_n of_o itself_o malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o crime_n at_o the_o common-law_n and_o high_a treason_n the_o high_a crime_n at_o the_o common-law_n that_o can_v be_v and_o therefore_o not_o the_o statute_n only_o but_o reason_n without_o a_o statute_n make_v it_o a_o crime_n and_o this_o appear_v by_o the_o preamble_n where_o it_o be_v intimate_v that_o all_o man_n though_o of_o divers_a opinion_n do_v condemn_v it_o by_o the_o name_n of_o treason_n though_o they_o know_v not_o what_o treason_n mean_v but_o be_v force_v to_o request_v the_o king_n to_o determine_v it_o that_o which_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v be_v how_o treason_n may_v have_v be_v define_v without_o the_o statute_n by_o a_o man_n that_o have_v no_o other_o faculty_n to_o make_v a_o definition_n of_o it_o than_o by_o mere_a natural_a reason_n la._n when_o none_o of_o the_o lawyer_n have_v do_v it_o you_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v that_o i_o shall_v undertake_v it_o on_o such_o a_o sudden_a ph._n you_o know_v that_o salus_n populi_n be_v suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o high_a law_n and_o that_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n of_o a_o kingdom_n consist_v in_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o the_o strength_n necessary_a to_o defend_v his_o people_n both_o against_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o rebellious_a subject_n and_o from_o this_o i_o infer_v that_o to_o compass_n that_o be_v to_o design_v the_o death_n of_o the_o then_o present_a king_n be_v high_a treason_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o be_v a_o design_v of_o a_o civil_a war_n and_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o people_n 2._o that_o the_o design_n to_o kill_v the_o king_n wife_n or_o to_o violate_v her_o chastity_n as_o also_o to_o violate_v the_o chastity_n of_o the_o king_n heir_n apparent_a or_o of_o his_o elder_a daughter_n unmarried_a as_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o
the_o king_n issue_n and_o by_o consequence_n by_o raise_v of_o contention_n about_o the_o crown_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o people_n in_o succeed_v time_n by_o civil_a war_n be_v therefore_o high_a treason_n before_o this_o statute_n 3._o that_o to_o levy_v war_n against_o the_o king_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o aid_v the_o king_n enemy_n either_o within_o or_o without_o the_o realm_n be_v tend_v to_o the_o king_n destruction_n or_o disherison_n and_o be_v high_a treason_n before_o this_o statute_n by_o the_o common-law_n 4._o that_o counterfeit_v the_o principal_a seal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o which_o the_o king_n govern_v his_o people_n tend_v to_o the_o confusion_n of_o government_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o people_n and_o be_v therefore_o treason_n before_o the_o statute_n 5._o if_o a_o soldier_n design_n the_o kill_v of_o his_o general_n or_o other_o officer_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n or_o a_o captain_n hover_v doubtful_o with_o his_o troop_n with_o intention_n to_o gain_v the_o favour_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v chance_v to_o get_v the_o victory_n it_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n both_o of_o king_n and_o people_n whether_o the_o king_n be_v present_a or_o absent_a and_o be_v high_a treason_n before_o the_o statute_n 6._o if_o any_o man_n have_v imprison_v the_o king_n person_n he_o have_v make_v he_o incapable_a of_o defend_v his_o people_n and_o be_v therefore_o high_a treason_n before_o the_o statute_n 7._o if_o any_o man_n have_v with_o design_n to_o raise_v rebellion_n against_o the_o king_n write_a or_o by_o word_n advise_o utter_v deny_v the_o king_n regnant_n to_o be_v their_o lawful_a king_n he_o that_o wrought_v preach_v or_o speak_v such_o word_n live_v then_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n law_n it_o have_v be_v high_a treason_n before_o the_o statute_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v some_o other_o case_n upon_o this_o statute_n which_o i_o can_v present_o think_v upon_o but_o the_o kill_v of_o a_o justice_n or_o other_o officer_n as_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o statute_n be_v not_o otherwise_o high_a treason_n but_o by_o the_o statute_n and_o to_o distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v treason_n by_o the_o common-law_n from_o all_o other_o inferior_a crime_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o if_o such_o high_a treason_n shall_v take_v effect_n it_o will_v destroy_v all_o law_n at_o once_o and_o be_v do_v by_o a_o subject_a it_o be_v a_o return_n to_o hostility_n by_o treachery_n and_o consequent_o such_o as_o be_v traitor_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n be_v deal_v withal_o as_o ignoble_a and_o treacherous_a enemy_n but_o the_o great_a of_o other_o crime_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v breach_n of_o one_o only_a or_o at_o least_o of_o very_a few_o law_n la._n whether_o this_o you_o say_v be_v true_a or_o false_a the_o law_n be_v now_o unquestionable_a by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 1_o and_o 2_o of_o queen_n mary_n whereby_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v esteem_v treason_n beside_o those_o few_o offence_n special_o mention_v in_o the_o act_n of_o 25_o ed._n 3._o ph._n among_o these_o great_a crime_n the_o great_a be_v that_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o one_o that_o have_v be_v trust_v and_o love_v by_o he_o who_o death_n he_o so_o design_v for_o a_o man_n can_v well_o take_v heed_n of_o those_o who_o he_o think_v he_o have_v oblige_v whereas_o a_o open_a enemy_n give_v a_o man_n warning_n before_o he_o act_v and_o this_o it_o be_v for_o which_o the_o statute_n have_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o treason_n when_o a_o servant_n kill_v his_o master_n or_o mistress_n or_o a_o wife_n kill_v her_o husband_n or_o a_o clerk_n kill_v his_o prelate_n and_o i_o shall_v think_v it_o petty_a treason_n also_o though_o it_o be_v not_o within_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n when_o a_o tenant_n in_o fee_n that_o hold_v by_o homage_n and_o fealty_n shall_v kill_v the_o lord_n of_o his_o fee_n for_o fealty_n be_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n save_v he_o may_v not_o keep_v his_o oath_n in_o any_o thing_n swear_v to_o if_o it_o be_v against_o the_o king_n for_o homage_n as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o a_o statute_n of_o 17_o edw._n 2._o be_v the_o great_a submission_n that_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v make_v to_o one_o man_n by_o another_o for_o the_o tenant_n shall_v hold_v his_o hand_n together_o between_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o landlord_n and_o shall_v say_v thus_o i_o become_v your_o man_n from_o this_o day_n forth_o for_o life_n for_o member_n and_o for_o worldly_a honour_n and_o shall_v owe_v that_o my_o faith_n for_o the_o land_n that_o i_o shall_v hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n that_o i_o owe_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o many_o other_o lord_n which_o homage_n if_o make_v to_o the_o king_n be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o promise_n of_o simple_a obedience_n and_o if_o make_v to_o another_o lord_n there_o be_v nothing_o except_v but_o the_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o which_o be_v call_v fealty_n be_v but_o the_o same_o confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n la._n but_o sir_n edw._n coke_n 4_o inst._n p._n 11._o deny_v that_o a_o traitor_n be_v in_o legal_a understanding_n the_o king_n enemy_n for_o enemy_n say_v he_o be_v those_o that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v because_o if_o a_o subject_a join_v with_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o come_v into_o england_n with_o he_o and_o be_v take_v prisoner_n here_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v ransom_v or_o proceed_v with_o as_o a_o enemy_n shall_v but_o he_o shall_v be_v take_v as_o a_o traitor_n to_o the_o king_n whereas_o a_o enemy_n come_v in_o open_a hostility_n and_o take_v shall_v either_o be_v execute_v by_o martial-law_n or_o ransom_v for_o he_o can_v be_v indict_v of_o treason_n for_o that_o he_o never_o be_v in_o the_o protection_n and_o ligeance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o indictment_n of_o the_o treason_n say_v contra_fw-la ligeantiam_fw-la svam_fw-la debitam_fw-la ph._n this_o be_v not_o a_o argument_n worthy_a of_o the_o mean_a lawyer_n do_v sir_n edw._n coke_n think_v it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o king_n lawful_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o what_o death_n soever_o without_o a_o indictment_n when_o it_o be_v manifest_o prove_v he_o be_v his_o open_a enemy_n indictment_n be_v a_o form_n of_o accusation_n peculiar_a to_o england_n by_o the_o command_n of_o some_o king_n of_o england_n and_o retain_v still_o and_o therefore_o a_o law_n to_o this_o country_n of_o england_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o put_v a_o man_n to_o death_n otherwise_o than_o by_o a_o indictment_n no_o enemy_n can_v be_v put_v to_o death_n at_o all_o in_o other_o nation_n because_o they_o proceed_v not_o as_o we_o do_v by_o indictment_n again_o when_o a_o open_a enemy_n be_v take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o judgement_n of_o martial-law_n it_o be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o general_n or_o council_n of_o war_n that_o a_o enemy_n shall_v be_v thus_o proceed_v with_o but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o king_n contain_v in_o their_o commission_n such_o as_o from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o king_n have_v think_v fit_a in_o who_o will_n it_o always_o rest_v whether_o a_o open_a enemy_n when_o he_o be_v take_v shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n or_o no_o and_o by_o what_o death_n and_o whether_o he_o shall_v be_v ransom_v or_o no_o and_o at_o what_o price_n then_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o treason_n by_o rebellion_n be_v it_o not_o a_o return_n to_o hostility_n what_o else_o do_v rebellion_n signify_v william_n the_o conqueror_n subdue_v this_o kingdom_n some_o he_o kill_v some_o upon_o promise_n of_o future_a obedience_n he_o take_v to_o mercy_n and_o they_o become_v his_o subject_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o if_o therefore_o they_o renew_v the_o war_n against_o he_o be_v they_o not_o again_o open_a enemy_n or_o if_o any_o of_o they_o lurk_v under_o his_o law_n seek_v occasion_n thereby_o to_o kill_v he_o secret_o and_o come_v to_o be_v know_v may_v he_o not_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o enemy_n who_o though_o he_o have_v not_o commit_v what_o he_o design_v yet_o have_v certain_o a_o hostile_a design_n do_v not_o the_o long_a parliament_n declare_v all_o those_o for_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n that_o oppose_v their_o proceed_n against_o the_o late_a king_n but_o sir_n edw._n coke_n do_v seldom_o well_o distinguish_v when_o there_o be_v two_o divers_a name_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n though_o one_o contain_v the_o other_o he_o make_v they_o always_o different_a as_o if_o it_o can_v not_o be_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n shall_v be_v both_o a_o enemy_n
open_a before_o they_o be_v burglary_n robbery_n theft_n or_o other_o felony_n for_o this_o be_v to_o give_v a_o lead_a judgement_n to_o the_o jury_n who_o ought_v not_o to_o consider_v any_o private_a lawyer_n institutes_n but_o the_o statute_n themselves_o plead_v before_o they_o for_o direction_n la._n burn_v as_o he_o define_v it_o p._n 66._o be_v a_o felony_n at_o the_o common-law_n commit_v by_o any_o that_o malicious_o and_o voluntary_o in_o the_o night_n or_o day_n burn_v the_o house_n of_o another_o and_o hereupon_o infer_v if_o a_o man_n set_v fire_n to_o the_o house_n and_o it_o take_v not_o that_o then_o it_o be_v not_o within_o the_o statute_n ph._n if_o a_o man_n shall_v secret_o and_o malicious_o lay_v a_o quantity_n of_o gunpowder_n under_o another_o man_n house_n sufficient_a to_o blow_v it_o up_o and_o set_v a_o train_n of_o powder_n in_o it_o and_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o train_n and_o some_o accident_n hinder_v the_o effect_n be_v not_o this_o burn_a or_o what_o be_v it_o what_o crime_n it_o be_v neither_o treason_n nor_o murder_n nor_o burglary_n nor_o robbery_n nor_o theft_n nor_o no_o damage_n be_v make_v any_o trespass_n nor_o contrary_a to_o any_o statute_n and_o yet_o see_v the_o common-law_n be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v a_o sin_n and_o such_o a_o sin_n as_o a_o man_n may_v be_v accuse_v of_o and_o convict_a and_o consequent_o a_o crime_n commit_v of_o malice_n prepense_a shall_v he_o not_o then_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o attempt_n i_o grant_v you_o that_o a_o judge_n have_v no_o warrant_n from_o any_o statute-law_n common-law_n or_o commission_n to_o appoint_v the_o punishment_n but_o sure_o the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o punish_v he_o on_o this_o side_n of_o life_n or_o member_n as_o he_o please_v and_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o parliament_n if_o not_o without_o to_o make_v the_o crime_n for_o the_o future_a capital_a la._n i_o know_v not_o beside_o these_o crime_n there_o be_v conjuration_n witchcraft_n sorcery_n and_o enchantment_n which_o be_v capital_a by_o the_o statute_n 1_o of_o king_n james_n cap._n 12._o ph._n but_o i_o desire_v not_o to_o discourse_v of_o that_o subject_a for_o though_o without_o doubt_n there_o be_v some_o great_a wickedness_n signify_v by_o those_o crime_n yet_o i_o have_v ever_o find_v myself_o too_o dull_a to_o conceive_v the_o nature_n of_o they_o or_o how_o the_o devil_n have_v power_n to_o do_v many_o thing_n which_o witch_n have_v be_v accuse_v of_o let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o crime_n not_o capital_a la._n shall_v we_o pass_v over_o the_o crime_n of_o heresy_n which_o sir_n edw._n coke_n rank_v before_o murder_n but_o the_o consideration_n of_o it_o will_v be_v somewhat_o long_o ph._n let_v we_o defer_v it_o till_o the_o afternoon_n of_o heresy_n la._n concern_v heresy_n sir_n edw._n coke_n 4_o inst._n p._n 39_o say_v that_o 5_o thing_n fall_v into_o consideration_n 1._o who_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o heresy_n 2._o what_o shall_v be_v judge_v heresy_n 3._o what_o be_v the_o judgement_n upon_o a_o man_n convict_v of_o heresy_n 4._o what_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o save_v his_o life_n 5._o what_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v by_o judgement_n against_o he_o ph._n the_o principal_a thing_n to_o be_v consider_v which_o be_v the_o heresy_n itself_o he_o leave_v out_o viz._n what_o it_o be_v in_o what_o fact_n or_o word_n it_o consist_v what_o law_n it_o violate_v statute-law_n or_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n the_o cause_n why_o he_o omit_v it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o out_o of_o his_o profession_n but_o also_o out_o of_o his_o other_o learning_n murder_n robbery_n theft_n etc._n etc._n every_o man_n know_v to_o be_v evil_a and_o be_v crime_n define_v by_o the_o statute-law_n so_o that_o any_o man_n may_v avoid_v they_o if_o he_o will_n but_o who_o can_v be_v sure_a to_o avoid_v heresy_n if_o he_o but_o dare_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o his_o faith_n unless_o he_o know_v beforehand_o what_o it_o be_v la._n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 2d_o hen._n 4._o cap._n 15._o heresy_n be_v lay_v down_o as_o a_o preach_a or_o write_v of_o such_o doctrine_n as_o be_v contrary_n to_o the_o determination_n of_o holy_a church_n ph._n then_o it_o be_v heresy_n at_o this_o day_n to_o preach_v or_o write_v against_o worship_v of_o saint_n or_o the_o infallibility_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n or_o any_o other_o determination_n of_o the_o same_o church_n for_o holy-church_n at_o that_o time_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o now_o with_o we_o the_o holy-church_n i_o understand_v to_o be_v the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o the_o opinion_n in_o that_o statute_n be_v now_o and_o be_v then_o the_o true_a christian_n faith_n also_o the_o same_o statute_n of_o hen._n 4._o declare_v by_o the_o same_o preamble_n that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n have_v never_o be_v trouble_v with_o heresy_n la._n but_o that_o statute_n be_v repeal_v ph._n then_o also_o be_v that_o declaration_n or_o definition_n of_o heresy_n repeal_v la._n what_o say_v you_o be_v heresy_n ph._n i_o say_v heresy_n be_v a_o singularity_n of_o doctrine_n or_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o another_o man_n or_o man_n and_o the_o word_n proper_o signify_v the_o doctrine_n of_o a_o sect_n which_o doctrine_n be_v take_v upon_o trust_n of_o some_o man_n of_o reputation_n for_o wisdom_n that_o be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o the_o same_o if_o you_o will_v understand_v the_o truth_n hereof_o you_o be_v to_o read_v the_o history_n and_o other_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n who_o word_n it_o be_v which_o write_n be_v extant_a in_o these_o day_n and_o easy_a to_o be_v have_v wherein_o you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o and_o a_o little_a before_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a there_o live_v in_o greece_n many_o excellent_a wit_n that_o employ_v their_o time_n in_o search_n of_o the_o truth_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o science_n worthy_a of_o their_o labour_n and_o which_o to_o their_o great_a honour_n and_o applause_n publish_v their_o write_n some_o concern_v justice_n law_n and_o government_n some_o concern_v good_a and_o evil_a manner_n some_o concern_v the_o cause_n of_o thing_n natural_a and_o of_o event_n discernible_a by_o sense_n and_o some_o of_o all_o these_o subject_n and_o of_o the_o author_n of_o these_o the_o principal_a be_v pythagoras_n plato_n zeno_n epicurus_n and_o aristotle_n man_n of_o deep_a and_o laborious_a meditation_n and_o such_o as_o do_v not_o get_v their_o bread_n by_o their_o philosophy_n but_o be_v able_a to_o live_v of_o their_o own_o and_o be_v in_o honour_n with_o prince_n and_o other_o great_a personage_n but_o these_o man_n though_o above_o the_o rest_n in_o wisdom_n yet_o their_o doctrine_n in_o many_o point_n do_v disagree_v whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o man_n as_o study_v their_o write_n incline_v some_o to_o pythagoras_n some_o to_o plato_n some_o to_o aristotle_n some_o to_o zeno_n and_o some_o to_o epicurus_n but_o philosophy_n itself_o be_v then_o so_o much_o in_o fashion_n as_o that_o every_o rich_a man_n endeavour_v to_o have_v his_o child_n educate_v in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o some_o or_o other_o of_o these_o philosopher_n which_o be_v for_o their_o wisdom_n so_o much_o renown_v now_o those_o that_o follow_v pythagoras_n be_v call_v pythagorean_n those_o that_o follow_v plato_n academic_n those_o that_o follow_v zeno_n stoic_n those_o that_o follow_v epicurus_n epicurean_o and_o those_o that_o follow_v aristotle_n peripatetic_n which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o heresy_n in_o greek_a which_o signify_v no_o more_o but_o take_v of_o a_o opinion_n and_o the_o say_v pythagorean_n academic_n stoic_n peripatetic_n etc._n etc._n be_v term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o so_o many_o several_a heresy_n all_o man_n you_o know_v be_v subject_a to_o error_n and_o the_o way_n of_o error_n very_o different_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o these_o wise_a and_o diligent_a searcher_n of_o the_o truth_n do_v notwithstanding_o their_o excellent_a part_n differ_v in_o many_o point_n among_o themselves_o but_o this_o laudable_a custom_n of_o great_a wealthy_a person_n to_o have_v their_o child_n at_o any_o price_n to_o learn_v philosophy_n suggest_v to_o many_o idle_a and_o needy_a fellow_n a_o easy_a and_o compendious_a way_n of_o maintenance_n which_o be_v to_o teach_v the_o philosophy_n some_o of_o plato_n some_o of_o aristotle_n etc._n etc._n who_o book_n to_o that_o end_n they_o read_v over_o but_o without_o capacity_n or_o much_o endeavour_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o doctrine_n take_v only_o the_o conclusion_n as_o they_o lie_v and_o set_v up_o with_o this_o they_o soon_o profess_v themselves_o philosopher_n and_o get_v to_o be_v the_o schoolmaster_n to_o the_o
justice_n la._n the_o judgement_n for_o felony_n be_v ph._n heresy_n be_v before_o felony_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n la._n he_o have_v omit_v the_o judgement_n against_o a_o heretic_n because_o i_o think_v no_o jury_n confine_v heresy_n nor_o no_o judge_n temporal_a do_v ever_o pronounce_v judgement_n upon_o it_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o h._n 5._o c._n 7._o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v convict_v any_o man_n of_o heresy_n shall_v deliver_v he_o to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v believe_v the_o bishop_n the_o sheriff_n therefore_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o h._n 4._o after_o he_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o to_o burn_v he_o but_o that_o statute_n be_v repeal_v the_o sheriff_n can_v not_o burn_v he_o without_o a_o writ_n de_fw-fr heretico_fw-la comburendo_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o sheriff_n burn_v legate_n 9_o king_n james_n by_o that_o writ_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n at_o that_o time_n and_o in_o that_o writ_n the_o judgement_n be_v express_v ph._n this_o be_v strange_a reason_n when_o sir_n edw._n coke_n know_v and_o confess_v that_o the_o statute_n upon_o which_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr heretico_fw-la comburendo_fw-la be_v ground_v be_v all_o repeal_v how_o can_v he_o think_v the_o writ_n itself_o can_v be_v in_o force_n or_o that_o the_o statute_n which_o repeal_v the_o statute_n for_o burn_a heretic_n be_v not_o make_v with_o a_o intent_n to_o forbid_v such_o burn_n it_o be_v manifest_a he_o understand_v not_o his_o book_n of_o common-law_n for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 4._o and_o hen._n 5._o the_o word_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v the_o sheriff_n warrant_n and_o there_o be_v need_n of_o no_o such_o writ_n nor_o can_v he_o till_o the_o 25_o hen._n 8._o when_o those_o statute_n be_v repeal_v and_o a_o writ_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o put_v into_o the_o register_n which_o write_v fitzherbert_n cite_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la again_o in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n be_v publish_v a_o correct_a register_n of_o original_a and_o judicial_a writ_n and_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr haeretico_fw-la comburendo_fw-la leave_v out_o because_o that_o statute_n of_o 25_o h._n 8._o and_o all_o statute_n against_o heretic_n be_v repeal_v and_o burn_v forbid_v and_o whereas_o he_o cit_v for_o the_o grant_n of_o this_o writ_n 9_o jac._n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n and_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o common-plea_n it_o be_v as_o to_o all_o but_o the_o lord_n chief_a against_o the_o law_n for_o neither_o the_o judge_n of_o common-plea_n nor_o of_o the_o exchequer_n can_v hold_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n without_o special_a commission_n and_o if_o they_o can_v hold_v plea_n they_o can_v condemn_v la._n the_o punishment_n for_o felony_n be_v that_o the_o felon_n be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n till_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o he_o cite_v a_o sentence_n from_o whence_o i_o know_v not_o quod_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la felonem_fw-la pro_fw-la felonia_n decollare_fw-la ph._n it_o be_v not_o indeed_o lawful_a for_o the_o sheriff_n of_o his_o own_o head_n to_o do_v it_o or_o to_o do_v otherwise_o than_o be_v command_v in_o the_o judgement_n nor_o for_o the_o judge_n to_o give_v any_o other_o judgement_n than_o according_a to_o statute-law_n or_o the_o usage_n consent_v to_o by_o the_o king_n but_o this_o hinder_v not_o the_o king_n from_o alter_v his_o law_n concern_v judgement_n if_o he_o see_v good_a cause_n la._n the_o king_n may_v do_v so_o if_o he_o please_v and_o sir_n edw._n coke_n tell_v you_o how_o he_o alter_v particular_a judgement_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o show_v that_o judgement_n be_v give_v upon_o a_o lord_n in_o parliament_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v he_o be_v nevertheless_o behead_v and_o that_o another_o lord_n have_v the_o like_a judgement_n for_o another_o felony_n and_o be_v not_o hang_v but_o behead_v and_o withal_o he_o show_v you_o the_o inconveniency_n of_o such_o proceed_n because_o say_v he_o if_o hang_a may_v be_v alter_v to_o behead_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v alter_v to_o burn_a ston_a to_o death_n etc._n etc._n ph._n perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v inconveniency_n in_o it_o but_o it_o be_v more_o than_o i_o see_v or_o he_o show_v nor_o do_v there_o happen_v any_o inconveniency_n from_o the_o execution_n he_o cit_v beside_o he_o grant_v that_o death_n be_v ultimum_fw-la supplicium_fw-la be_v a_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o law_n but_o what_o be_v all_o this_o to_o the_o purpose_n when_o it_o belong_v not_o to_o consider_v such_o inconvenience_n of_o government_n but_o to_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n or_o who_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o depute_a judge_n can_v derive_v a_o power_n to_o censure_v the_o action_n of_o a_o king_n that_o have_v depute_v he_o la._n for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n by_o misfortune_n there_o be_v he_o say_v no_o express_a judgement_n nor_o for_o kill_v a_o man_n in_o one_o own_o defence_n but_o he_o say_v that_o the_o law_n have_v in_o both_o case_n give_v judgement_n that_o he_o that_o so_o kill_v a_o man_n shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n debt_n and_o duty_n ph._n if_o we_o consider_v what_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 1_o inst._n sect._n 745._o at_o the_o word_n felony_n these_o judgement_n be_v very_o favourable_a for_o there_o he_o say_v that_o kill_v of_o a_o man_n by_o chance-medley_n or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la be_v felony_n his_o word_n be_v wherefore_o by_o the_o law_n at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o word_n felony_n in_o commission_n etc._n etc._n be_v include_v petit_n treason_n murder_n homicide_n burn_v of_o house_n burglary_n robbery_n rape_n etc._n etc._n chance-medley_n and_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la but_o if_o we_o consider_v only_o the_o intent_n of_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o misfortune_n or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o same_o judgement_n will_v be_v think_v both_o cruel_a and_o sinful_a judgement_n and_o how_o they_o can_v be_v felony_n at_o this_o day_n can_v be_v understand_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n to_o make_v they_o so_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o h._n 3._o cap._n 25._o the_o word_n whereof_o murder_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v not_o be_v judge_v before_o our_o justice_n where_o it_o be_v find_v misfortune_n only_o but_o it_o shall_v take_v place_n in_o such_o as_o be_v slay_v by_o felony_n and_o not_o otherwise_o make_v it_o manifest_a if_o they_o be_v felony_n they_o must_v also_o be_v murder_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v make_v felony_n by_o some_o latter_a statute_n la._n there_o be_v no_o such_o latter_a statute_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o say_v in_o commission_n nor_o can_v a_o commission_n or_o any_o thing_n but_o another_o statute_n make_v a_o thing_n felony_n that_o be_v not_o so_o before_o ph._n see_v what_o it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n to_o distinguish_v felony_n into_o several_a sort_n before_o he_o understand_v the_o general_a name_n of_o felony_n what_o it_o mean_v but_o that_o a_o man_n for_o kill_v another_o man_n by_o misfortune_n only_o without_o any_o evil_a purpose_n shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chartel_n debt_n and_o duty_n be_v a_o very_a hard_a judgement_n unless_o perhaps_o they_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o man_n slay_v by_o way_n of_o amends_o for_o damage_n but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o that_o be_v it_o the_o common-law_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n that_o justify_v this_o judgement_n or_o the_o statute-law_n it_o can_v be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n if_o the_o case_n be_v mere_a misfortune_n if_o a_o man_n be_v upon_o his_o appletree_n to_o gather_v his_o apple_n and_o by_o ill_a fortune_n fall_v down_o and_o light_v on_o the_o head_n of_o another_o man_n kill_v he_o and_o by_o good_a fortune_n save_v himself_o shall_v he_o for_o this_o mischance_n be_v 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