dispose_v of_o they_o four_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o clerk_n proper_a to_o themselves_o to_o register_n their_o law_n five_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n which_o be_v judgement_n in_o effect_n and_o some_o of_o they_o can_v be_v reverse_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o last_o writ_n of_o error_n have_v be_v bring_v to_o reverse_v judgement_n give_v in_o that_o court_n for_o all_o which_o cause_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n of_o record_n although_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v in_o aliquo_fw-la loco_fw-la certo_fw-la so_o be_v the_o king_n bench_n a_o court_n of_o more_o eminency_n than_o this_o but_o ubicunque_fw-la fuerimus_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la and_o for_o express_v authority_n in_o the_o point_n of_o gregory_n case_n in_o the_o 6_o report_n of_o cook_n chief_a justice_n that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n imprisonment_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o high_a consequence_n whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o these_o law_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n for_o any_o thing_n touch_v the_o same_o for_o that_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n seem_v to_o sway_v somewhat_o against_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o freeborn_a subject_n and_o it_o be_v say_v in_o bonham_n case_n 28_o h._n 8._o in_o dyer_n that_o liberty_n be_v a_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n much_o favore_v and_o i_o find_v in_o our_o book_n of_o law_n that_o the_o judge_n have_v be_v very_o careful_a and_o curious_a in_o not_o extend_v word_n contain_v in_o charter_n to_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n unless_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o point_n and_o therefore_o in_o clerk_n case_n in_o sir_n ed._n cook_n 5_o report_n fol._n 64._o case_n clark_n case_n the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o term_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v at_o st._n alban_n and_o the_o major_a there_o and_o his_o brethren_n do_v assess_v every_o townsman_n towards_o erect_v and_o build_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o make_v a_o order_n that_o he_o which_o shall_v refuse_v to_o assist_v and_o pay_v shall_v be_v imprison_v and_o one_o be_v arrest_v and_o imprison_v bring_v his_o action_n of_o false_a imprisonment_n against_o the_o major_n who_o plead_v in_o effect_n that_o they_o be_v incorporate_a by_o king_n edward_n 6._o and_o have_v power_n grant_v to_o they_o in_o their_o alban_n major_a of_o st._n alban_n charter_n to_o make_v ordinance_n by_o reason_n whereof_o they_o make_v the_o say_a order_n and_o so_o justify_v the_o imprisonment_n but_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o the_o major_n for_o that_o by_o the_o say_a charter_n they_o have_v not_o any_o power_n to_o make_v a_o ordinance_n to_o imprison_v a_o man_n body_n for_o that_o be_v against_o the_o grand_a charter_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 29._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la imprisonetur_fw-la charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la but_o by_o that_o book_n they_o may_v have_v inflict_v a_o penalty_n and_o have_v distrain_v or_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o it_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n in_o the_o 8._o report_n king_n hen._n 8._o incorporate_v the_o physician_n of_o london_n and_o give_v they_o power_n by_o charter_n to_o examine_v the_o imperites_fw-la &_o to_o find_v out_o the_o defect_n et_fw-la pro_fw-la delictis_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o non_fw-la bene_fw-la exequendo_fw-la faciendo_fw-la &_o utendo_fw-la illos_fw-la per_fw-la punitionem_fw-la eorum_fw-la delinquentium_fw-la per_fw-la fine_n amerciamentum_fw-la &_o imprisonomentum_fw-la corporum_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n they_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o i_o find_v their_o charter_n confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o in_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o queen_n do_v award_v a_o commission_n direct_v to_o certain_a commissioner_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o controversy_n betwixt_o scrog_n and_o colshil_n touch_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la and_o that_o if_o scrog_n shall_v refuse_v to_o obey_v to_o make_v answer_n before_o they_o they_o shall_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o last_o commission_n i_o much_o doubt_n of_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n have_v no_o power_n to_o commit_v any_o man_n but_o if_o any_o abuse_n or_o misdemeanour_n be_v commit_v in_o contempt_n or_o derogation_n of_o their_o authority_n they_o may_v make_v certificate_n thereof_o into_o the_o chancery_n and_o refer_v the_o punishment_n thereof_o to_o the_o will_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o lord_n keeper_n for_o the_o time_n be_v in_o godfrey_n case_n in_o the_o 11_o report_n there_o be_v a_o discourse_n what_o case_n godfrey_n case_n court_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o which_o not_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v some_o court_n may_v fine_a but_o not_o imprison_v as_o the_o court_v leet_n and_o sheriff_n turn_v some_o other_o can_v neither_o fine_a nor_o imprison_v as_o court_n baron_n and_o county_n court_v and_o some_o can_v neither_o fine_a imprison_v nor_o amerce_v as_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o some_o may_v imprison_v and_o not_o fine_a as_o chief_a constable_n at_o their_o petty_a session_n for_o a_o affray_n do_v in_o disturbance_n of_o they_o and_o other_o court_n there_o be_v which_o may_v fine_a imprison_v and_o amerce_v as_o the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster_n so_o that_o imprisonment_n be_v not_o incident_a to_o every_o court_n nor_o to_o every_o offence_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v the_o body_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o court_n of_o record_n but_o be_v authorize_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v word_n in_o the_o commission_n and_o statute_n which_o will_v bear_v this_o construction_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v viz._n and_o all_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v find_v negligent_a gainsay_v or_o rebel_n in_o the_o work_n reparation_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n or_o negligent_a in_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o commissioner_n that_o you_o compel_v they_o by_o distress_n fines_n and_o amerciament_n and_o by_o other_o punishment_n way_n or_o mean_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n be_v strong_a and_o large_a enough_o to_o authorise_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a cause_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o here_o they_o be_v to_o be_v careful_a and_o not_o to_o think_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v fine_a or_o amerce_v in_o any_o case_n because_o the_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o but_o this_o construction_n must_v be_v thereof_o make_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v where_o imprisonment_n be_v due_a and_o fine_a in_o case_n fineable_a and_o amerce_v in_o case_n amerciable_a and_o distrain_v where_o a_o distress_n proper_o lie_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o they_o may_v not_o imprison_v where_o by_o the_o law_n imprisonment_n be_v not_o due_a but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a punnishment_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o its_o proper_a kind_n for_o these_o word_n promiscuous_o put_v together_o must_v be_v order_v by_o a_o just_a and_o legal_a construction_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o i_o have_v know_v the_o word_n of_o a_o statute_n general_o and_o promiscuous_o put_v together_o have_v be_v marshal_v according_a to_o their_o distributive_a operation_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o rich._n 3._o which_o be_v that_o all_o feoffment_n gift_n grant_n release_v and_o confirmation_n of_o land_n make_v by_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v be_v good_a yet_o though_o these_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o notwithstanding_o the_o wise_a and_o discreet_a sage_n and_o expositor_n of_o our_o law_n have_v so_o marshal_v the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o make_v construction_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o possession_n may_v make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n may_v grant_v the_o land_n and_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n of_o a_o discontinue_v estate_n may_v release_v or_o confirm_v and_o yet_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v general_a howsoever_o reason_n must_v be_v the_o expositor_n that_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o due_a form_n of_o law_n and_o not_o in_o preposterous_a manner_n and_o these_o matter_n be_v thus_o pass_v over_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v myself_o to_o declare_v in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v fine_a and_o amerce_v and_o where_o not_o imprisonment_n fine_a and_o amerciament_n fines_n if_o one_o
give_v evil_a language_n to_o commissioner_n in_o court_n or_o disturb_v the_o peace_n there_o or_o hinder_v the_o business_n of_o the_o court_n in_o a_o turbulent_a fashion_n he_o may_v be_v by_o they_o fine_v or_o commit_v to_o prison_n or_o both_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n for_o by_o 34_o h._n 6._o fol._n 24._o in_o every_o case_n when_o a_o man_n be_v fine_v he_o may_v be_v imprison_v and_o by_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 67_o in_o every_o case_n where_o one_o be_v imprison_v he_o may_v be_v fine_v and_o 6._o 34_o h._n 6._o our_o law_n in_o express_a word_n give_v the_o commissioner_n power_n 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o to_o set_v fine_n and_o then_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o say_a book_n ex_fw-la consequenti_fw-la they_o may_v imprison_v if_o one_o oppose_v against_o a_o law_n of_o sewer_n not_o legal_o in_o question_v the_o same_o but_o refractory_a contemn_v thereof_o or_o by_o dissuade_v person_n assess_v not_o to_o pay_v such_o or_o not_o to_o obey_v the_o law_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o person_n be_v both_o fineable_a and_o imprisonable_a and_o if_o this_o be_v do_v in_o fancy_n curiae_fw-la it_o aggravate_v the_o contempt_n and_o this_o be_v the_o rebel_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o if_o one_o do_v refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o decree_n rule_n order_n of_o the_o court_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o affront_n of_o the_o commissioner_n when_o they_o be_v in_o execution_n of_o their_o commission_n this_o be_v a_o contempt_n and_o he_o be_v to_o be_v imprison_v for_o such_o his_o disobedience_n and_o this_o agree_v with_o 37_o h._n 6._o fol._n 14._o in_o termino_fw-la pasche_n 12_o jac._n in_o the_o king_n bench_n the_o case_n 6._o 37._o h._n 6._o there_o be_v in_o debate_n between_o hitley_n and_o carier_n where_o certain_a jac._n 12_o jac._n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o northampton_n make_v a_o law_n that_o certain_a township_n in_o those_o county_n be_v assess_v to_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o one_o town_n be_v rate_v to_o five_o pound_n and_o because_o the_o same_o be_v not_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n cause_v a_o warrant_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o say_a carrier_n to_o distrain_v for_o it_o and_o he_o distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o hetley_n one_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o hetley_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n against_o carier_n and_o arrest_v he_o thereupon_o and_o upon_o complaint_n make_v to_o sir_n anthony_n mildmay_n and_o sir_n john_n boyer_n knight_n and_o other_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n they_o cause_v hetley_n to_o be_v attach_v by_o their_o warrant_n and_o commit_v he_o till_o he_o shall_v release_v his_o action_n bring_v against_o carier_n and_o until_o he_o shall_v be_v deliver_v out_o of_o the_o prison_n by_o warrant_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o they_o but_o afterward_o hetley_n procure_v a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la cum_fw-la causa_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o be_v remove_v where_o all_o the_o say_a matter_n appear_v and_o thereupon_o attachment_n be_v award_v against_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o sir_n john_n boyer_n appear_v be_v by_o cook_n chief_a justice_n crook_n dodderidg_n and_o houghton_n justice_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n bench_n prison_n and_o be_v fine_v two_o hundred_o pound_n but_o be_v after_o deliver_v exit_fw-la favore_fw-la regis_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la rigore_fw-la legis_fw-la and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o say_a commissioner_n in_o this_o case_n in_o make_v a_o warrant_n to_o attach_v hetley_n and_o in_o imprison_v of_o he_o for_o the_o say_a cause_n do_v exceed_o err_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o over-rule_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v of_o a_o high_a and_o great_a authority_n than_o they_o be_v of_o but_o this_o be_v no_o precedent_n to_o impeach_v the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o commit_v person_n offend_v their_o authority_n to_o prison_n if_o their_o proceed_n therein_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n but_o they_o be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n not_o for_o execute_v their_o power_n but_o for_o exceed_v their_o limit_n and_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o commission_n if_o a_o collector_n or_o expenditor_n or_o other_o officer_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v negligent_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n and_o place_n he_o his_o fineable_a therefore_o though_o his_o offence_n be_v but_o neglect_n because_o he_o be_v a_o officer_n and_o be_v also_o swear_v to_o execute_v the_o same_o due_o but_o i_o take_v it_o a_o neglect_n in_o another_o ordinary_a person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v and_o if_o one_o be_v rate_v to_o pay_v towards_o repair_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o at_o the_o day_n and_o time_n appoint_v he_o be_v not_o fineable_a therefore_o but_o be_v to_o be_v amerce_v in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o collector_n or_o officer_n of_o sewer_n do_v distrain_v a_o man_n or_o do_v any_o other_o act_n contrary_a to_o a_o inhibition_n of_o sewer_n to_o he_o direct_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n he_o may_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v &_o simile_n factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 33._o 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o if_o a_o purpresture_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o king_n stream_n as_o in_o fix_v pile_n or_o stake_n therein_o or_o in_o stop_v straighten_a or_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n from_o their_o ancient_a channel_n or_o course_n these_o offence_n be_v present_v the_o offender_n be_v fineable_a therefore_o if_o in_o the_o presentment_n they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v do_v vi_o &_o armis_fw-la or_o be_v present_v by_o the_o name_n of_o purpresture_n for_o by_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 8._o if_o the_o offence_n be_v do_v 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o with_o force_n and_o so_o present_v than_o the_o offender_n be_v fineable_a case_n beecher_n case_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v if_o the_o offence_n be_v not_o find_v but_o omit_v for_o then_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a and_o it_o be_v say_v in_o dier_n 7_o eliz._n fol._n 240._o that_o for_o a_o purpresture_n one_o be_v fineable_a and_o a_o purpresture_n may_v be_v commit_v in_o aquis_fw-la regiis_fw-la as_o well_o 240._o 1_o eliz._n fol._n 240._o as_o in_o viis_fw-la regiis_fw-la by_o the_o opinion_n of_o glanvil_n and_o in_o keleways_n report_n fol._n 141._o and_o a_o purpresture_n be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o offence_n do_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_o or_o to_o his_o possession_n but_o if_o the_o like_a offence_n purpresture_n purpresture_n be_v do_v to_o a_o subject_a or_o to_o his_o land_n it_o be_v term_v a_o nusans_a nusans_n nusans_n the_o abbot_n of_o mellefont_n be_v fine_v for_o erect_v a_o be_v in_o the_o royal_a river_n of_o boyne_n in_o ireland_n which_o be_v express_v in_o the_o irish_a report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o ban_n in_o ireland_n and_o this_o be_v a_o purpresture_n if_o one_o do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v a_o office_n of_o sewer_n be_v thereto_o due_o elect_v by_o the_o commissioner_n he_o be_v fineable_a therefore_o for_o in_o greslies_n case_n 8._o report_n one_o be_v elect_v case_n greslies_n case_n and_o choose_a constable_n do_v refuse_v to_o take_v the_o office_n and_o he_o be_v fine_v and_o if_o a_o officer_n do_v misdemean_v himself_o in_o his_o office_n he_o be_v fineable_a for_o in_o 10_o h._n 6._o fol._n 6._o a_o tythingman_n do_v refuse_v 6._o 10._o h._n 6._o to_o make_v presentment_n be_v thereto_o require_v and_o he_o be_v fine_v therefore_o so_o in_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n if_o one_o of_o the_o jury_n or_o which_o be_v a_o surveyor_n refuse_v to_o make_v presentment_n when_o he_o be_v require_v by_o the_o commissioner_n he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v so_o if_o a_o juror_n depart_v after_o he_o be_v swear_v on_o the_o jury_n or_o before_o he_o be_v swear_v after_o his_o appearance_n be_v record_v he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v and_o if_o a_o expenditor_n or_o collector_n officer_n of_o sewer_n be_v require_v by_o the_o court_n to_o account_v for_o the_o money_n receive_v and_o lay_v out_o by_o they_o and_o they_o refuse_v they_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o fine_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o writ_n or_o warrant_n direct_v to_o he_o to_o return_v a_o jury_n before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o he_o make_v no_o return_n thereof_o nor_o do_v not_o attend_v when_o he_o be_v require_v he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v by_o the_o commissioner_n also_o a_o officer_n of_o this_o court_n be_v fineable_a for_o falsity_n do_v by_o he_o in_o his_o office_n for_o these_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o that_o trust_n which_o the_o court_n repose_v in_o he_o at_o his_o election_n and_o entrance_n
into_o his_o office_n and_o therefore_o the_o offence_n be_v great_a in_o he_o then_o in_o another_o man_n i_o have_v learn_v in_o book_n that_o a_o fine_a have_v these_o quality_n with_o it_o first_o the_o party_n in_o that_o case_n be_v imprisonable_a second_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o it_o be_v impose_v be_v not_o traversable_a be_v mere_o the_o act_n of_o the_o court_n but_o if_o it_o be_v impose_v upon_o a_o presentment_n find_v by_o jury_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v traversable_a three_o all_o fine_n ought_v to_o be_v assess_v abate_v or_o increase_v in_o plena_fw-la curia_fw-la and_o not_o elsewhere_o four_o every_o fine_a aught_o to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v put_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o mind_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o ed._n 3._o cap_n 1._o do_v the_o justice_n of_o peace_n that_o those_o fine_n that_o they_o shall_v impose_v for_o any_o 3._o 34_o ed._n 3._o offence_n come_v before_o they_o shall_v be_v reasonable_a have_v respect_n to_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o excessus_fw-la in_o re_fw-la qualibit_fw-la jure_fw-la reprobatur_fw-la communi_fw-la but_o because_o in_o godfry_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o commitment_n of_o the_o body_n to_o prison_n be_v incident_a to_o a_o fine_a as_o by_o a_o gapias_fw-la pro_fw-la fine_n also_o may_v be_v collect_v yet_o i_o hold_v it_o questionable_a whether_o the_o fine_a shall_v precede_v the_o commitment_n or_o the_o commitment_n the_o fine_a but_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n i_o hold_v that_o this_o lie_v much_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o i_o find_v case_n and_o precedent_n both_o way_n for_o in_o 41_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 12._o a_o officer_n be_v imprison_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecerit_fw-la where_o the_o imprisonment_n precede_v the_o fine_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 25._o 6._o 7_o h._n 6._o and_o in_o 33_o h._n 6._o fol._n 21._o one_o be_v fine_v and_o after_o imprison_v for_o it_o and_o there_o the_o fine_a do_v precede_v the_o imprisonment_n 6._o 33_o h._n 6._o but_o upon_o all_o these_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v that_o if_o one_o be_v fine_v and_o this_o fine_a may_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o justices_z of_o the_o peace_n may_v do_v but_o not_o justice_n of_o sewer_n there_o the_o imprisonment_n may_v be_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecit_fw-la because_o the_o fine_a be_v leviable_a by_o they_o but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o levy_v but_o to_o extreat_v the_o fine_n into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n howsoever_o one_o before_o they_o may_v be_v both_o imprison_v and_o fine_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectibus_fw-la the_o one_o for_o the_o wrong_n do_v the_o other_o for_o the_o contempt_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o court_n as_o for_o example_n if_o one_o refuse_v to_o be_v a_o collector_n he_o be_v finable_a to_o the_o king_n because_o hereby_o the_o commonweal_n be_v without_o a_o officer_n and_o he_o may_v also_o be_v imprison_v for_o disobey_v the_o justice_n command_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o lie_v much_o if_o not_o altogether_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o inflict_v both_o the_o say_a punishment_n or_o one_o of_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n be_v not_o therein_o precise_o limit_v by_o this_o statute_n amerciament_n amerciament_n be_v not_o so_o grievous_a as_o fine_n be_v for_o they_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o word_n miserecordia_fw-la which_o signify_v moderation_n &_o mercy_n and_o to_o that_o end_n be_v the_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n moderata_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la devise_v where_o one_o be_v outrageous_o ameree_v he_o may_v be_v relieve_v by_o sue_v forth_o that_o writ_n which_o write_v and_o the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o grand_a charter_n charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap_n 14._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la delicti_fw-la and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a amerciament_n be_v impose_v sed_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la glanvil_n in_o his_o book_n say_v est_fw-la autem_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la domini_fw-la glauvil_n glauvil_n regis_fw-la qua_fw-la quis_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la eatenus_fw-la amerciand_n '_o est_fw-fr and_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 48._o say_v quod_fw-la fleta_n fleta_n libre_fw-la home_n non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o with_o these_o agree_v bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o and_o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 72._o and_o if_o the_o steward_n set_v a_o amerciament_n upon_o a_o bracton_n bracton_n man_n on_o his_o own_o head_n it_o be_v void_a by_o which_o authority_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v heretofore_o much_o marvel_v when_o sometime_o i_o have_v see_v justice_n of_o sewer_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o set_v down_o amerciament_n without_o assistance_n of_o the_o jury_n which_o act_n of_o they_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o say_a great_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_a authority_n of_o law_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o impose_v of_o fine_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o amerciament_n which_o be_v by_o jury_n or_o otherwise_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la so_o be_v there_o great_a diversity_n between_o the_o offence_n of_o the_o one_o kind_n and_o the_o other_o for_o if_o one_o do_v suffer_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n to_o fall_v into_o decay_n for_o want_v of_o repair_v which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v by_o frontage_n tenure_n custom_n or_o covenant_n he_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v amerce_v therefore_o and_o so_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a tie_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n goat_n getty_n sluice_n or_o to_o cleanse_v a_o river_n if_o the_o same_o by_o his_o neglect_n be_v leave_v undo_v or_o unrepaired_a he_o be_v therefore_o amerceable_a so_o if_o one_o be_v present_v for_o cast_v dirt_n sand_n ballast_n or_o other_o annoyance_n into_o the_o river_n or_o stream_n or_o for_o dig_v down_o the_o bank_n or_o for_o pull_v down_o the_o wall_n thereof_o if_o the_o presentment_n do_v not_o express_v the_o same_o to_o be_v do_v with_o force_n or_o therein_o be_v want_v the_o word_n purpresture_n the_o party_n present_v be_v then_o but_o amerceable_a therefore_o so_o when_o one_o be_v tie_v to_o cleanse_v the_o river_n for_o passage_n of_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n or_o for_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n if_o he_o suffer_v sand-bed_n to_o lie_v and_o choke_v up_o the_o channel_n he_o be_v amerceable_a and_o not_o fineable_a therefore_o for_o no_o permission_n sufferance_n neglect_n or_o nonfeasan_n can_v be_v find_v to_o be_v by_o force_n because_o they_o consist_v not_o in_o agendo_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la in_o similibus_fw-la casibus_fw-la yet_o some_o case_n follow_v fall_n out_o of_o these_o rule_v pro_fw-la ut_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la as_o if_o the_o violence_n of_o water_n be_v so_o great_a either_o by_o break_v in_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n or_o by_o a_o sudden_a flood_n or_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n after_o a_o rain_n that_o thereby_o the_o defence_n be_v break_v down_o or_o cause_v sand-bed_n or_o other_o nuisance_n to_o be_v these_o be_v present_v no_o man_n be_v amerceable_a therefore_o because_o the_o same_o can_v not_o have_v be_v prevent_v by_o policy_n nor_o resist_v by_o strength_n in_o 42_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o a_o presentment_n be_v that_o i._o s._n ass_n 42_o lib._n ass_n have_v suffer_v tree_n to_o grow_v into_o the_o water_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o stream_n by_o reason_n whereof_o ship_n be_v hinder_v in_o their_o passage_n and_o there_o be_v a_o writ_n award_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a but_o knivet_n justice_n say_v there_o that_o i._o s._n shall_v not_o be_v amerce_v because_o the_o nusan_o be_v no_o act_n of_o he_o but_o the_o tree_n grow_v so_o natural_o of_o themselves_o but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v object_v to_o i_o can_v no_o amerciament_n be_v set_v but_o by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n yes_o i_o be_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o that_o be_v per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la as_o the_o law_n appoint_v and_o in_o a_o nonsuit_n we_o see_v daily_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v and_o this_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v assess_v by_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n as_o appear_v in_o greisleys_n
for_o a_o distress_n take_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o superior_a authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o these_o inferior_a court_n of_o sewer_n and_o therefore_o the_o replevin_n which_o our_o statute_n aim_v to_o give_v way_n to_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n which_o in_o law_n and_o justice_n ought_v to_o be_v obey_v and_o not_o from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o officer_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n only_o but_o in_o my_o case_n the_o commissioner_n make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o good_n of_o a._n shall_v be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n which_o be_v a_o good_a law_n upon_o the_o distinction_n and_o diversity_n aforesaid_a that_o be_v that_o a._n who_o be_v the_o person_n assess_v may_v not_o have_v or_o take_v a_o replevin_n because_o he_o be_v a_o person_n bind_v express_o by_o the_o law_n nor_o that_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o officer_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la may_v grant_v a_o replevin_n to_o deliver_v the_o same_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n may_v in_o those_o case_n of_o sewer_n deliver_v the_o distress_n and_o this_o construction_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o stand_v with_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o in_o the_o 31_o ed._n 3._o brook_z replevin_n plac_n 60._o the_o case_n be_v put_v a_o man_n do_v grant_v to_o a._n b._n a_o rent_n out_o of_o his_o ground_n 3._o 13_o ed._n 3._o with_o power_n that_o if_o it_o be_v behind_o that_o he_o may_v distrain_v therefore_o and_o detain_v the_o distress_n against_o gauge_n and_o pledge_n and_o yes_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v behind_o and_o the_o grantor_n distrain_v he_o can_v not_o detain_v this_o distress_n against_o the_o replevin_n yet_o here_o be_v the_o direct_a word_n of_o the_o party_n himself_o to_o the_o contrary_a but_o his_o word_n can_v not_o over-rule_v the_o law_n so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o matter_n i_o hold_v these_o tenant_n follow_v imprimis_fw-la to_o make_v a_o general_a law_n to_o restrain_v all_o replevin_n grant_v either_o from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o the_o king_n court_n be_v no_o good_a law_n or_o ordinance_n of_o sewer_n for_o that_o replevin_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v in_o such_o case_n grantable_a out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o such_o a_o general_a law_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o oppression_n in_o stop_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o justice_n second_o for_o a_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n to_o grant_v and_o award_n warrant_v of_o replevin_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v good_n or_o cattle_n distrain_v and_o detain_v for_o a_o tax_n and_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n against_o law_n and_o need_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v for_o that_o the_o distress_n be_v sub_n protectione_n superioris_fw-la curiae_fw-la which_o be_v of_o a_o high_a degree_n than_o a_o sheriff_n ministerial_a warrant_n three_o if_o a_o distress_n be_v take_v and_o sell_v for_o a_o sesse_n of_o sewer_n a_o replevin_n lie_v against_o the_o buyer_n for_o by_o the_o sale_n the_o good_n and_o cattle_n be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n four_o if_o a_o rate_n or_o tax_n be_v impose_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n upon_o i._n s._n &_o the_o good_n of_o john_n a_o down_n be_v take_v therefore_o on_o the_o ground_n of_o i._n s._n which_o be_v charge_v i._n d._n may_v sue_v a_o replevin_n of_o his_o say_a cattle_n from_o the_o sheriff_n for_o that_o he_o nor_o his_o good_n be_v not_o express_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n five_o a_o replevin_n lie_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n of_o westminster_n to_o deliver_v a_o distress_n take_v and_o detain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n for_o that_o they_o be_v court_n de_fw-fr altiore_fw-la natura_fw-la six_o a_o distress_n take_v by_o a_o lord_n on_o his_o tenant_n for_o not_o repair_v a_o work_n of_o sewer_n which_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o repair_v the_o tenant_n may_v sue_v a_o replevin_n from_o the_o sheriff_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v the_o distress_n for_o that_o this_o distress_n be_v not_o take_v or_o detain_v by_o warrant_n judgement_n or_o decree_n of_o sewer_n seven_o if_o upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o upon_o a_o decree_n make_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n a_o writ_n or_o warrant_n of_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la or_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v award_v and_o the_o party_n good_n be_v thereby_o take_v these_o good_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o replevin_n to_o be_v take_v either_o out_o of_o this_o court_n or_o out_o of_o any_o other_o court_n of_o the_o king_n because_o it_o be_v a_o execution_n out_o of_o a_o judgement_n eight_o although_o one_o grant_v a_o rent_n out_o of_o his_o land_n with_o clause_n of_o distress_n and_o with_o grant_n or_o covenant_n that_o the_o grantee_n may_v distrain_v and_o detain_v this_o distress_n till_o he_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v his_o rent_n yet_o a_o replevin_n lie_v in_o that_o case_n a_o perpetual_a charge_n so_o now_o i_o have_v full_o and_z at_o large_a declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v distress_n and_o replevin_n wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v full_o satisfy_v the_o first_o point_n of_o my_o case_n i_o intend_v therefore_o now_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o six_o point_n which_o concern_v charge_n and_o sale_n of_o land_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o law_n and_o first_o i_o suppose_v the_o question_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o this_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a charge_n upon_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o work_n of_o sewer_n for_o ever_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n i_o do_v here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o be_v a_o knotty_a point_n yet_o something_o may_v be_v allege_v in_o maintenance_n of_o this_o opinion_n affirmative_o for_o in_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n almost_o every_o one_o know_v which_o part_n he_o be_v to_o repair_v and_o maintain_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o experientia_fw-la est_fw-la optima_fw-la interpres_fw-la rerum_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 12._o that_o the_o use_n there_o be_v to_o impose_v perpetual_a charge_n on_o singular_a person_n 12._o char._n romney_n marsh_n pag._n 12._o for_o the_o word_n there_o be_v these_o juratores_fw-la per_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o sacrament_n '_o mensur_fw-fr abunt_fw-la per_fw-la perticam_fw-la omnes_fw-la terr_v as_o &_o tenementa_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la dictum_fw-la mariscum_fw-la periculo_fw-la subiacent_a quibus_fw-la mensueration_n '_o factis_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la prius_fw-la electi_fw-la &_o jurati_fw-la habito_fw-la respectu_fw-la ad_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la walliar_n '_o terrar_n '_o &_o tenement_n '_o quae_fw-la periculo_fw-la subiacent_a per_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o sacramentum_fw-la ordinabunt_fw-la quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la predictarum_fw-la walliar_n '_o sustentationem_fw-la &_o reperationem_fw-la faciend_n '_o &_o sustinend_v '_o add_v quemlibet_fw-la pertineat_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la proportion_n '_o acrar_n '_o terrar_n '_o periculo_fw-la subiacent_a '_o singulis_fw-la assignetur_fw-la sva_fw-la portio_fw-la perticar_n '_o &_o predict_v '_o assignatio_fw-la fiat_fw-la per_fw-la locos_fw-la certos_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la scietur_fw-la ubi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la quae_fw-la loca_fw-la ad_fw-la quantum_fw-la singuli_fw-la defendere_fw-la teneantur_fw-la these_o word_n in_o this_o charter_n seem_v to_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o law_n establish_v in_o romney_n marsh_n the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o assign_v to_o every_o man_n his_o portion_n to_o repair_v in_o perpetuity_n but_o i_o find_v no_o such_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o our_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o make_v sale_n of_o the_o land_n ergo_fw-la they_o may_v charge_v they_o perpetual_o but_o this_o be_v a_o non_fw-la sequitur_fw-la for_o that_o for_o the_o sale_n they_o have_v express_v warrant_n but_o not_o so_o for_o the_o charge_n and_o power_n and_o authority_n must_v be_v due_o pursue_v and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v by_o equitable_a or_o argumentable_a collection_n or_o implication_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v never_o hold_v so_o perdurable_a as_o to_o bind_v man_n land_n with_o perpetual_a charge_n and_o therefore_o this_o difference_n i_o take_v that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o a_o town_n or_o country_n every_o one_o may_v know_v his_o particular_a portion_n which_o the_o owner_n of_o ground_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v perpetual_o but_o without_o such_o a_o custom_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v bind_v any_o man_n inheritance_n to_o a_o
seem_v most_o convenient_a these_o word_n literal_o take_v afford_v the_o construction_n to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n i_o find_v by_o many_o ancient_a book_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n that_o taxation_n and_o charge_n have_v be_v general_o lay_v upon_o township_n and_o hundred_o in_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n as_o in_o the_o 37_o lib._n assize_n plac_n 10._o four_o several_a township_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o repair_v of_o a_o river_n because_o they_o have_v passage_n thereon_o with_o boat_n and_o in_o 38_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o a_o township_n be_v there_o charge_v with_o assiz_o 37_o &_o 38._o assiz_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o bridge_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 15._o quod_fw-la nulla_fw-la villa_n nec_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la distringatur_fw-la facere_fw-la pontes_fw-la nisi_fw-la qui_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la facere_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la so_o that_o if_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la a_o township_n have_v use_v to_o repair_v bridge_n it_o be_v tie_v thereunto_o by_o the_o employ_v construction_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o cap._n 5._o give_v authority_n to_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o charge_v a_o county_n hundred_o or_o town_n with_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n if_o no_o certain_a person_n be_v special_o tie_v to_o the_o repair_n thereof_o and_o many_o time_n in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o book_n of_o our_o law_n we_o shall_v find_v township_n and_o hundred_o charge_v general_o as_o in_o doctor_n and_o student_n fol._n 74._o a_o township_n be_v amerce_v and_o by_o the_o ancient_a and_o famous_a statute_n of_o winchester_n a_o township_n shall_v be_v amerce_v for_o the_o escape_n of_o a_o robber_n by_o the_o highway_n and_o 3_o ed._n 3._o title_n corone_n in_o fitz._n pl._n 293._o a_o township_n be_v amerce_v for_o the_o escape_n of_o a_o murderer_n and_o in_o 11_o h._n 4._o 2._o brook_z 94._o a_o town_n be_v sess_v for_o the_o expense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o may_v be_v levy_v on_o any_o person_n good_n of_o the_o town_n and_o this_o be_v for_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o person_n and_o for_o the_o infiniteness_n of_o the_o number_n of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v say_v in_o richard_n godfrey_n case_n but_o it_o may_v hap_n be_v object_v on_o the_o other_o part_n that_o if_o a_o town_n or_o hundred_o may_v be_v joint_o tax_v than_o it_o may_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o man_v good_n which_o have_v no_o ground_n subject_a to_o the_o charge_n and_o which_o can_v reap_v nor_o take_v any_o hurt_n thereby_o may_v come_v to_o be_v distrain_v for_o the_o whole_a tax_n rate_n or_o sess_v of_o the_o town_n and_o another_o man_n which_o have_v great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n there_o subject_a to_o danger_n may_v escape_v free_a and_o therefore_o such_o exposition_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o say_a law_n be_v not_o within_o the_o rule_n and_o compass_v of_o equality_n and_o another_o objection_n may_v also_o be_v make_v that_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o a_o express_a statute_n or_o custom_n a_o assess_v rate_n or_o tax_v may_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o town_n or_o hundred_o as_o be_v do_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o the_o 22_o h._n 8._o and_o other_o former_o mention_v but_o such_o exposition_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o of_o sewer_n i_o do_v confess_v that_o if_o these_o two_o objection_n can_v not_o be_v answer_v i_o shall_v change_v my_o opinion_n it_o be_v true_a that_o if_o a_o tax_n or_o sess_v have_v be_v set_v upon_o a_o hundred_o by_o the_o say_a stature_n of_o winchester_n for_o the_o escape_n of_o a_o robber_n and_o that_o charge_n have_v be_v levy_v upon_o one_o man_n good_n of_o the_o town_n as_o it_o may_v have_v be_v he_o have_v have_v no_o remedy_n to_o cause_v his_o fellow_n townsman_n to_o be_v contributer_n to_o he_o to_o bear_v equal_a share_n with_o he_o and_o so_o if_o the_o party_n rob_v have_v recover_v by_o action_n against_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o good_n of_o one_o in_o the_o hundred_o have_v be_v take_v in_o execution_n he_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o get_v contribution_n and_o yet_o that_o law_n carry_v that_o defect_n with_o it_o three_o hundred_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o till_o in_o the_o 27_o year_n of_o queen_n eliz._n cap._n 13._o wherein_o order_n be_v take_v that_o if_o some_o one_o or_o few_o man_n good_n be_v take_v in_o execution_n upon_o the_o recovery_n in_o a_o action_n take_v against_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o party_n rob_v he_o or_o they_o shall_v have_v contribution_n which_o before_o that_o statute_n of_o 27_o of_o elizabeth_n can_v not_o be_v have_v but_o to_o give_v answer_n to_o the_o two_o objection_n first_o if_o in_o our_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n a_o township_n shall_v be_v tax_v yet_o this_o tax_n can_v not_o be_v take_v or_o levy_v but_o only_o of_o such_o as_o have_v ground_n within_o the_o charge_n which_o have_v good_a by_o the_o repair_n or_o may_v have_v hurt_v by_o the_o neglect_n thereof_o for_o in_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 35._o it_o be_v say_v for_o law_n that_o if_o a_o town_n be_v assess_v in_o the_o tax_n and_o the_o collector_n do_v distrain_v the_o good_n of_o a_o man_n of_o the_o town_n who_o be_v not_o chargeable_a thereto_o that_o party_n may_v have_v and_o take_v his_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o distrainer_n and_o collector_n for_o that_o he_o at_o his_o peril_n must_v look_v well_o to_o it_o that_o he_o who_o good_n be_v take_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o charge_n so_o in_o our_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n if_o the_o good_n of_o one_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o tax_n or_o assess_v impose_v be_v take_v he_o may_v have_v his_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o distrainer_n and_o shall_v recover_v his_o damage_n thereby_o so_o this_o salve_n cure_v one_o of_o the_o say_a malady_n but_o then_o the_o case_n go_v further_a that_o if_o the_o good_n of_o one_o man_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a sesse_n of_o the_o town_n and_o he_o be_v such_o a_o person_n as_o in_o truth_n be_v chargeable_a thereunto_o he_o can_v have_v no_o action_n against_o the_o distrainer_n for_o take_v his_o cattle_n for_o he_o be_v such_o a_o person_n as_o can_v excuse_v himself_o but_o that_o he_o be_v chargeable_a this_o indeed_o draw_v the_o case_n to_o a_o desperate_a issue_n for_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o great_a a_o mischief_n as_o ever_o the_o statute_n of_o winchester_n do_v ever_o suffer_v which_o be_v remedy_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 27_o eliz._n but_o our_o case_n have_v not_o such_o a_o cure_n provide_v therefore_o it_o put_v i_o to_o the_o old_a adage_n of_o law_n better_o it_o be_v to_o suffer_v a_o mischief_n to_o one_o or_o more_o particular_a person_n then_o to_o permit_v a_o inconvenience_n to_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n which_o concern_v a_o multitude_n but_o yet_o i_o shall_v give_v this_o objection_n a_o better_a answer_n i_o hope_v then_o with_o a_o old_a adage_n for_o in_o our_o case_n the_o party_n who_o good_n be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a town_n be_v not_o without_o a_o fit_a and_o convenient_a remedy_n for_o when_o his_o good_n be_v take_v and_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o pay_v the_o who_o sessment_n of_o the_o town_n he_o may_v make_v his_o complaint_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o may_v give_v in_o the_o particular_a name_n of_o every_o townsman_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o each_o man_n estate_n which_o be_v charge_v thereto_o or_o the_o true_a value_n of_o their_o land_n and_o may_v crave_v of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o to_o make_v a_o law_n to_o make_v they_o all_o to_o contribute_v every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o portion_n of_o land_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v a_o proportionable_a rate_n upon_o every_o of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o his_o ground_n by_o way_n of_o contribution_n and_o may_v award_v process_n to_o force_n and_o compel_v they_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a party_n whereby_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o party_n so_o distrain_v have_v a_o direct_a remedy_n to_o come_v by_o his_o loss_n in_o doctor_n and_o student_n a_o whole_a town_n be_v amerce_v and_o they_o meet_v together_o by_o common_a consent_n and_o assess_v and_o rate_v every_o man_n equal_o according_a to_o his_o ability_n and_o allow_v of_o as_o a_o good_a cause_n but_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v if_o they_o can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o every_o man_n estate_n rate_n in_o the_o primary_n and_o original_a
do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n in_o my_o opinion_n and_o herein_o i_o shall_v end_v my_o argument_n touch_v decree_n and_o i_o take_v it_o though_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n be_v entail_v yet_o the_o sale_n thereof_o may_v be_v make_v by_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o now_o only_o remain_v under_o my_o censure_n to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n whether_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v justice_n in_o refuse_v to_o admit_v of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v tender_v to_o they_o by_o a._n and_o e._n wherein_o may_v come_v just_o into_o our_o consideration_n these_o thing_n viz._n whether_o traverse_n plea_n of_o exemption_n and_o other_o legal_a proceed_n may_v be_v have_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n or_o not_o save_v i_o add_v this_o that_o these_o decree_n of_o sale_n be_v bind_v must_v be_v certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o legal_a proceed_n traverse_n to_o enter_v into_o these_o part_n of_o my_o law_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o begin_v with_o traverse_n and_o to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n whether_o such_o plea_n and_o proceed_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o this_o court_n for_o a_o traverse_n be_v a_o plea_n of_o the_o party_n contain_v matter_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o that_o that_o the_o party_n stand_v accuse_v of_o or_o which_o be_v lay_v to_o his_o charge_n and_o in_o some_o case_n our_o book_n and_o authority_n of_o law_n admit_v the_o party_n to_o a_o traverse_v and_o in_o other_o case_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v deny_v for_o in_o the_o 5_o h._n 7._o fol._n 9_o &_o 45_o ed._n 3._o fol._n &_o 28_o h._n 8._o in_o dier_n fol._n 13._o if_o one_o be_v present_v in_o a_o leet_n court_n for_o a_o blowipe_n or_o any_o other_o personal_a 8._o 5_o h._n 7._o 45_o ed._n 3._o 28_o h._n 8._o wrong_n this_o presentment_n be_v not_o traversable_a but_o the_o party_n be_v without_o remedy_n therein_o though_o the_o presentment_n be_v false_a and_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o untrue_a and_o the_o law_n be_v so_o also_o of_o such_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o a_o sheriff_n turn_v and_o herewithal_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 2_o r._n 3._o 11._o and_o 19_o h._n 8._o 11._o 4._o 2_o r._n 3_o 19_o h._n 8._o 5_o h._n 7._o 8_o ed._n 4._o fitz_n assiz_n plac_fw-la 442._o and_o 8_o ed._n 4._o 5._o and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v deliver_v in_o 5_o h._n 7._o because_o no_o process_n be_v there_o awardable_a against_o the_o party_n to_o call_v he_o to_o answer_v yet_o in_o the_o same_o book_n of_o 5_o h._n 7._o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o presentment_n be_v make_v which_o touch_v a_o man_n freehold_a he_o may_v there_o traverse_v the_o same_o but_o i_o take_v it_o the_o party_n must_v first_o remove_v the_o presentment_n into_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o there_o traverse_v it_o for_o in_o the_o court_n leet_n in_o my_o opinion_n there_o can_v be_v no_o traverse_n take_v or_o try_v no_o more_o where_o the_o presentment_n touch_v freehold_a then_o where_o it_o only_o concern_v a_o personal_a wrong_n therefore_o the_o reason_n allege_v in_o 5_o h._n 7._o can_v be_v the_o true_a cause_n wherefore_o in_o personal_a wrong_n the_o presentment_n can_v be_v traverse_v but_o the_o very_a true_a reason_n therein_o be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o because_o these_o petty_a presentment_n be_v of_o such_o petty_a trifle_a matter_n that_o in_o avoidance_n of_o trouble_n the_o law_n esteem_v they_o not_o worthy_a of_o traverse_n and_o trial_n and_o justice_n fairfax_n in_o 5_o h._n 7._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o presentment_n make_v before_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o a_o session_n be_v traversable_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v stanford_n fol._n 183._o and_o in_o other_o court_n of_o law_n there_o oftentimes_o fall_v out_o matter_n which_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o take_v a_o traverse_v unto_o and_o in_o some_o other_o case_n he_o shall_v as_o by_o these_o succeed_a authority_n may_v appear_v in_o the_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 7._o a_o presentment_n be_v take_v before_o green_a and_o ingham_n justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n that_o i._o s._n who_o have_v kill_v a._n have_v good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o eighty_o pound_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o john_n lombard_n and_o upon_o this_o presentment_n a_o scire-facias_a be_v award_v against_o john_n lombard_n to_o show_v cause_n wherefore_o these_o good_n shall_v not_o be_v seize_v to_o the_o king_n use_n john_n lombard_n come_v in_o and_o tender_v a_o plea_n to_o the_o presentment_n that_o these_o good_n be_v not_o the_o felon_n but_o that_o they_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o to_o keep_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o cardinal_n of_o rome_n and_o he_o be_v there_o admit_v to_o this_o plea_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 45_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 26._o express_o yet_o in_o that_o book_n and_o mr._n stanford_n fol._n 185._o it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o it_o be_v present_v before_o a_o coroner_n that_o i._o s._n kill_v a._n b._n and_o flee_v for_o the_o same_o fact_n and_o after_o upon_o his_o trial_n he_o be_v acquit_v yet_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n upon_o the_o fugam_fw-la fecit_fw-la before_o the_o coroner_n and_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o take_v any_o traverse_n to_o the_o say_a presentment_n in_o that_o point_n the_o difference_n in_o which_o two_o case_n be_v this_o in_o my_o opinion_n that_o a_o stranger_n as_o john_n lombard_n be_v in_o the_o the_o first_o case_n shall_v not_o be_v peremptory_o conclude_v for_o it_o be_v no_o reason_n one_o man_v good_n shall_v be_v forfeit_v in_o another_o man_n default_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o answer_n thereunto_o but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n in_o terror_n of_o felon_n though_o he_o be_v acquit_v of_o the_o felony_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o acquit_v of_o the_o fly_a and_o he_o may_v be_v guilty_a notwithstanding_o his_o acquittal_n there_o be_v other_o case_n in_o the_o law_n which_o admit_v no_o traverse_n as_o in_o james_n bag_n case_n cook_n 11._o rep._n case_n james_n bagâ—_n case_n where_o a_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o major_a and_o burgess_n of_o plymouth_n to_o restore_v bag_n to_o his_o alderman_n place_n there_o which_o they_o have_v put_v he_o from_o and_o they_o return_v a_o cause_n sufficient_a to_o bar_v he_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v false_a yet_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o his_o traverse_n therein_o neither_o can_v a_o traverse_n be_v admit_v in_o the_o certificate_n of_o the_o bishop_n wherein_o be_v contain_v that_o i._o a._n parson_n of_o dle_n have_v refuse_v to_o pay_v his_o dime_n to_o the_o king_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o parson_n lose_v his_o benefice_n which_o case_n be_v in_o br._n case_n temp_n he._n 8._o pl._n 332._o 7._o br._n case_n 7_o h._n 4._o 21_o h._n 7._o and_o dier_n fol._n 116._o and_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 4._o and_o 21_o h._n 7._o 8._o and_o many_o other_o book_n be_v that_o no_o averment_n shall_v be_v take_v to_o the_o return_n of_o sheriff_n to_o take_v any_o issue_n thereupon_o and_o in_o dr_n bonham_n case_n upon_o a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la the_o physician_n return_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o imprisonment_n which_o be_v false_a yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o traverse_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o these_o book_n a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n lie_v against_o the_o major_a and_o alderman_n &_o against_o the_o bishop_n for_o their_o certificate_n and_o against_o the_o sheriff_n for_o their_o false_a return_n and_o if_o justification_n be_v make_v by_o they_o they_o may_v be_v traverse_v but_o these_o will_v not_o reduce_v the_o party_n to_o their_o former_a liberty_n viz_o not_o the_o alderman_n to_o his_o place_n nor_o the_o parson_n to_o his_o church_n but_o damage_n in_o those_o case_n be_v only_o recoverable_a these_o case_n i_o have_v put_v as_o reason_n and_o argument_n against_o our_o case_n of_o sewer_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o traverse_v may_v be_v take_v to_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o this_o court_n may_v be_v resemble_v to_o a_o session_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n give_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n power_n to_o hear_v &_o to_o determine_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n as_o well_o as_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o party_n and_o a_o traverse_n lie_v of_o a_o presentment_n find_v before_o commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o be_v triable_a before_o they_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 29_o assiz_n pl._n 33._o and_o 12._o lib._n assiz_n 21._o and_o com._n 29_o assiz_n 12_o assiz_n pl._n com._n the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n case_n in_o blow_n com._n fol._n 397._o and_o
leave_v to_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la regiae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la who_o office_n do_v as_o the_o philosopher_n true_o say_v contain_v in_o it_o great_a virtue_n high_a understanding_n and_o divine_a wisdom_n to_o who_o high_a government_n as_o well_o our_o person_n as_o our_o law_n be_v commit_v and_o the_o defence_n thereof_o be_v apply_v to_o his_o grave_a foresight_n and_o true_o i_o have_v take_v upon_o i_o to_o read_v on_o those_o law_n of_o sewer_n as_o mr._n marrow_n do_v in_o former_a time_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o expound_v in_o his_o read_v the_o law_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n hope_v this_o work_n of_o i_o may_v prove_v as_o acceptable_a to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n as_o that_o of_o his_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o use_n whereof_o being_n no_o less_o commodious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n then_o that_o of_o the_o peace_n be_v both_o general_a law_n of_o great_a use_n and_o esteem_v and_o myself_o be_v for_o many_o year_n past_o a_o commissioner_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n i_o find_v that_o these_o law_n be_v dark_a and_o intricate_a and_o come_v not_o usual_o within_o the_o reach_n and_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o well_o see_v and_o study_v in_o the_o law_n and_o because_o i_o find_v the_o use_n of_o they_o to_o be_v wondrous_o necessary_a i_o do_v intend_v when_o occasion_n serve_v i_o to_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o enter_v serious_o into_o the_o exposition_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o see_v these_o law_n be_v in_o time_n most_o ancient_a in_o extent_n most_o large_a and_o for_o the_o use_n most_o necessary_a i_o have_v with_o your_o kind_a favour_n make_v choice_n of_o they_o to_o frame_v my_o read_n upon_o wherein_o if_o upon_o your_o perusal_n you_o find_v any_o escape_n or_o error_n which_o may_v soon_o fall_v from_o opinion_n haec_fw-la amice_fw-la corrige_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o you_o shall_v bestow_v your_o like_n upon_o hiis_fw-la vtere_fw-la mecum_fw-la and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v my_o choice_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n and_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v and_o deliver_v the_o cause_n which_o stir_v i_o up_o and_o the_o reason_n which_o confirm_v i_o to_o read_v upon_o this_o statute_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o break_v it_o up_o and_o i_o do_v divide_v it_o into_o these_o several_a branch_n or_o part_n first_o to_o make_v provision_n to_o resist_v the_o over_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o large_a marsh_n ground_n lie_v in_o the_o maritine_n country_n which_o common_o be_v the_o sure_a for_o soundness_n the_o great_a for_o compass_n and_o the_o best_a for_o profit_n of_o all_o the_o sheep-walk_n and_o commons_o of_o this_o realm_n which_o take_v prejudice_n and_o loss_n only_o by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n second_o to_o provide_v also_o that_o the_o great_a fresh_a river_n and_o stream_n may_v have_v their_o passage_n make_v clear_a and_o that_o their_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n be_v repair_v keep_v and_o maintain_v whereby_o the_o fair_a delightful_a pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o great_a abundance_n upon_o or_o near_o the_o river_n brook_n and_o stream_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o many_o time_n annoy_v they_o to_o the_o great_a and_o inestimable_a damage_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n which_o be_v owner_n and_o farmer_n thereof_o three_o whereas_o navigation_n both_o for_o the_o export_n of_o our_o homebred_a commodity_n and_o for_o the_o import_v of_o foreign_a merchandize_n be_v the_o chief_a enrich_n of_o this_o nation_n therefore_o port_n havens_n rivers_n and_o other_o navigable_a stream_n and_o their_o dependency_n be_v put_v within_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o law_n be_v ostia_n &_o janua_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o that_o by_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v increase_v and_o the_o inland_a city_n borough_n and_o town_n be_v make_v partaker_n with_o ease_n and_o small_a cost_n of_o the_o sea_n commodity_n four_o likewise_o this_o law_n give_v redress_n and_o remedy_n for_o the_o remove_n of_o such_o let_n and_o impediment_n as_o be_v either_o hindrance_n to_o navigation_n or_o stop_v whereby_o the_o abundant_a water_n can_v have_v their_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o five_o because_o in_o the_o surround_v ground_n there_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a use_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n passage_n and_o way_n therefore_o this_o statute_n have_v take_v order_n for_o they_o also_o whereby_o his_o majesty_n people_n may_v in_o those_o place_n for_o their_o person_n and_o their_o good_n have_v both_o salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la in_o these_o five_o part_n be_v all_o the_o whole_a material_n of_o this_o great_a and_o worthy_a law_n contain_v and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o say_a division_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n for_o the_o first_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n the_o first_o case_n a._n lease_v to_o b._n a_o manor_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n for_o year_n which_o have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la by_o prescription_n in_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o city_n there_o where_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v remainder_n to_o c._n in_o fee_n livery_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n at_o full_a sea_n within_o the_o view_n the_o sea_n than_o leave_v one_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n with_o the_o shore_n divide_v in_o part_n from_o the_o continent_n by_o a_o navigable_a haven_n the_o lease_n expire_v c._n enter_v the_o prince_n eject_v he_o and_o the_o king_n seize_v this_o relinquish_v ground_n my_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o this_o ground_n and_o that_o it_o be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n but_o no_o part_n thereof_o within_o this_o commission_n point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o five_o by_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o livery_n of_o land_n may_v be_v make_v within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n or_o not_o second_o whether_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v or_o take_v by_o attorney_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v make_v by_o attorney_n or_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v make_v to_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o who_o must_v join_v in_o make_v of_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o take_v the_o livery_n all_o which_o point_n i_o must_v maintain_v affirmative_o else_o c._n the_o subject_n can_v have_v any_o land_n at_o all_o point_n on_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o what_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v there_o and_o what_o interest_n a_o subject_a may_v have_v therein_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o say_a word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la second_o who_o these_o new_a island_n be_v which_o arise_v there_o and_o wherhe_a they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o law_n govern_v the_o same_o for_o that_o it_o appear_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o ground_n leave_v between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o haven_n be_v a_o island_n three_o whether_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o ground_n by_o his_o prerogative_n or_o the_o subject_a by_o the_o say_a prescription_n or_o the_o prince_n as_o participate_v of_o both_o or_o whether_o every_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o my_o conclusion_n four_o whether_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o or_o neither_o of_o they_o five_o what_o a_o haven_n a_o shore_n and_o the_o coast_n be_v in_o definition_n and_o the_o several_a property_n thereof_o the_o reader_n argument_n and_o as_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n and_o first_o of_o the_o first_o point_n livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a approve_a ceremony_n of_o the_o law_n which_o have_v be_v use_v for_o convey_v of_o land_n and_o the_o law_n have_v a_o more_o respect_n thereto_o then_o to_o any_o other_o and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a form_n of_o any_o by_o the_o which_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n of_o land_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o all_o subject_n may_v give_v and_o take_v land_n by_o this_o ceremony_n but_o the_o king_n only_o be_v except_v who_o prerogative_n be_v such_o that_o as_o land_n can_v be_v take_v from_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n so_o land_n can_v be_v give_v
jury_n in_o who_o default_n the_o same_o happen_v three_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o inquire_v what_o person_n or_o person_n ought_v or_o be_v bind_v by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o or_o for_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o what_o land_n or_o ground_n he_o or_o they_o be_v tie_v or_o bind_v to_o do_v the_o repair_v and_o where_o those_o ground_n do_v lie_v and_o who_o be_v the_o owner_n thereof_o four_o also_o it_o must_v be_v inquire_v by_o jury_n what_o ground_n lie_v within_o the_o hurt_n or_o danger_n of_o water_n either_o within_o the_o surrounder_n by_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o to_o who_o they_o do_v belong_v five_o and_o if_o a_o new_a sluice_n goat_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v build_v and_o make_v or_o a_o new_a sewer_n gutter_n or_o trench_n to_o be_v cast_v this_o may_v be_v determine_v of_o by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o so_o may_v the_o aptness_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v or_o cast_v and_o the_o length_n height_n breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o they_o for_o these_o thing_n be_v proper_a for_o a_o view_n and_o survey_v but_o what_o person_n hold_v land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v of_o by_o jury_n and_o these_o few_o cause_n i_o have_v put_v for_o example_n sake_n and_o if_o any_o other_o fall_v out_o within_o the_o like_a reason_n than_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o same_o construction_n six_o in_o every_o case_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v it_o must_v be_v by_o presentment_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n upon_o their_o oath_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la per_fw-la statutum_fw-la de_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 14._o nulla_fw-la miserecord_n '_o ponatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la etc._n etc._n surveyor_n presentment_n but_o it_o have_v be_v use_v that_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n have_v make_v presentment_n of_o default_n of_o thing_n govern_v by_o these_o law_n but_o whether_o such_o a_o presentment_n be_v bind_v or_o not_o be_v a_o good_a point_n it_o be_v clear_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o they_o can_v make_v no_o presentment_n but_o such_o as_o happen_v within_o their_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v they_o former_o appear_v they_o can_v present_v that_o i._o s._n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o sewer_n for_o this_o be_v not_o within_o their_o office_n in_o kelloways_n report_n fol._n 141._o there_o be_v a_o custom_n allege_v that_o 141._o kelloways_n rep._n fol._n 141._o two_o man_n within_o the_o provost_n may_v present_v the_o article_n of_o the_o leet_n but_o i_o doubt_v of_o such_o presentment_n though_o it_o have_v a_o custom_n to_o strengthen_v it_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o a_o original_a presentment_n surveyor_n can_v make_v as_o to_o present_v i._o s._n that_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n but_o the_o surveyor_n may_v make_v a_o supplemental_a presentment_n as_o for_o example_n if_o it_o have_v be_v present_v before_o by_o a_o jury_n that_o i._o s._n ought_v to_o have_v repair_v such_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v not_o do_v the_o same_o and_o day_n be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o repair_v at_o the_o day_n the_o surveyor_n may_v present_v in_o this_o case_n the_o not_o repair_v because_o this_o be_v but_o a_o oath_n of_o assistance_n ad_fw-la informandum_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la for_o the_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o say_v former_a presentment_n and_o this_o latter_a presentment_n by_o the_o surveyor_n be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o justice_n notice_n of_o the_o party_n far_a neglect_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v impose_v the_o great_a amerciament_n and_o a_o presentment_n by_o surveyor_n be_v not_o traversable_a be_v of_o so_o small_a esteem_n in_o law_n as_o our_o law_n will_v not_o vouchsafe_v to_o take_v a_o issue_n upon_o it_o for_o their_o act_n herein_o be_v not_o in_o the_o ordinary_a legal_a form_n what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o discretion_n discretion_n be_v the_o herb_n of_o grace_n that_o i_o can_v wish_v every_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n well_o store_v withal_o for_o the_o maker_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v a_o intention_n to_o make_v it_o of_o great_a use_n be_v literal_o nominate_v nine_o or_o ten_o time_n in_o this_o law_n &_o for_o this_o cause_n i_o have_v insert_v in_o my_o case_n but_o note_n that_o the_o word_n wisdom_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o and_o the_o word_n good_a be_v annex_v to_o they_o both_o as_o best_o show_v of_o what_o pure_a metal_n they_o shall_v be_v make_v of_o after_o your_o good_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n there_o be_v three_o several_a degree_n of_o discretion_n discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la specialis_fw-la discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la be_v require_v of_o every_o one_o in_o every_o thing_n that_o he_o be_v to_o do_v or_o attempt_v legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la be_v that_o which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n mean_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o rook_n and_o keighly_n case_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la scire_fw-la pro_fw-la legem_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v mere_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o prescribe_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v this_o discretion_n limit_v that_o it_o go_v not_o beyond_o or_o beside_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o be_v execute_v and_o this_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o law_n for_o cicero_n say_v sapientis_fw-la est_fw-la judicis_fw-la cogitare_fw-la tantum_fw-la sibi_fw-la esse_fw-la permissum_fw-la quantum_fw-la cicero_n cicero_n sit_fw-la commissum_fw-la aut_fw-la creditum_fw-la the_o three_o discretion_n be_v where_o the_o law_n have_v give_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o be_v direct_v by_o in_o a_o case_n within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n there_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o order_v these_o affair_n with_o such_o wisdom_n and_o judgement_n that_o although_o their_o censure_n be_v not_o frame_v in_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o do_v therein_o secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la and_o herein_o discretion_n be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o give_v the_o rule_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o legal_a discretion_n there_o discretion_n be_v but_o a_o servant_n and_o be_v tie_v to_o attend_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o there_o the_o law_n direct_v the_o censure_n and_o discretion_n be_v but_o to_o do_v the_o same_o wise_o &_o temporal_o for_o ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la sir_n ed._n cook_n in_o book_n case_n 5_o report_n give_v this_o rule_n to_o the_o cato_n cato_n commissioner_n that_o although_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n yet_o their_o proceed_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v and_o bound_v within_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o that_o discretion_n be_v a_o science_n to_o discern_v betwixt_o falsity_n and_o truth_n between_o right_a and_o wrong_n between_o shadow_n and_o substance_n betwixt_o equity_n and_o colourable_a gloss_n and_o the_o commissioner_n ought_v not_o to_o follow_v their_o will_n and_o private_a affection_n for_o that_o talis_fw-la discretio_fw-la discretionem_fw-la confundit_fw-la and_o therefore_o now_o i_o will_v declare_v in_o few_o word_n in_o what_o thing_n these_o commissioner_n be_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o good_a discretion_n first_o the_o quantity_n of_o fines_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n item_n imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o offender_n when_o they_o deserve_v and_o the_o time_n how_o long_o lie_v much_o in_o their_o discretion_n item_n it_o lie_v in_o their_o grave_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n when_o and_o where_o to_o erect_v new_a wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o raise_v and_o levy_v therefore_o the_o election_n of_o officer_n lie_v in_o their_o discretion_n it_o lie_v many_o time_n in_o their_o discretion_n who_o to_o fine_a and_o who_o to_o imprison_v i_o take_v it_o this_o word_n discretion_n use_v in_o the_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n to_o order_n business_n there_o arise_v in_o course_n of_o equity_n for_o hoc_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la but_o to_o proceed_v secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la i_o have_v put_v these_o few_o case_n as_o example_n to_o direct_v and_o instruct_v what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o
petty_a matter_n the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o sole_a charge_n for_o these_o may_v be_v spend_v in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o i_o suppose_v my_o meaning_n be_v herein_o well_o perceive_v which_o be_v that_o in_o petty_a annual_a and_o ordinary_a repair_n the_o lessee_n alone_o shall_v do_v the_o same_o but_o where_o the_o same_o want_n in_o great_a timber_n or_o when_o a_o new_a defence_n be_v to_o be_v build_v they_o shall_v both_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n and_o with_o this_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o do_v direct_o in_o reason_n agree_v withal_o out_o of_o 20._o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o which_o statute_n it_o be_v plain_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o great_a repair_n as_o also_o in_o the_o new_a building_n as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v both_o at_o the_o charge_n yet_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 3_o ed._n 6._o cap._n 8._o there_o be_v a_o clause_n in_o effect_n that_o all_o lot_n scot_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n hereafter_o to_o be_v rate_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o the_o king_n land_n shall_v be_v gather_v or_o levy_v by_o distress_n on_o those_o ground_n as_o in_o case_n of_o other_o person_n and_o that_o all_o bill_n of_o acquittance_n sign_v with_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o receiver_n or_o collector_n shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o auditor_n and_o receiver_n and_o other_o the_o king_n officer_n for_o allowance_n to_o the_o farmer_n or_o tenant_n to_o the_o king_n majesty_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n but_o his_o majesty_n yet_o by_o the_o statute_n 13_o eliz._n cap._n 9_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o lessor_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v charge_v but_o all_o 9_o 13_o eliz_n cap._n 9_o these_o be_v to_o be_v reconcile_v with_o my_o say_a diversity_n but_o now_o it_o may_v be_v object_v to_o i_o sir_n do_v you_o think_v it_o reasonable_a or_o possible_a for_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o take_v notice_n at_o the_o nota._n nota._n first_o of_o every_o private_a man_n inheritance_n and_o the_o several_a estate_n which_o the_o party_n have_v therein_o when_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v possible_a by_o private_a search_n to_o find_v they_o out_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n to_o such_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a business_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o lay_v the_o rate_n tax_v or_o sesse_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o on_o the_o visible_a possessor_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o money_n so_o rate_v be_v demand_v on_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n or_o if_o the_o good_n be_v distrain_v therefore_o or_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o than_o they_o may_v come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o show_v forth_o their_o lease_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o i._o s._n have_v the_o reversion_n and_o as_o the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v as_o well_o as_o himself_o and_o upon_o due_a proof_n thereon_o make_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o hear_v the_o party_n on_o both_o side_n may_v apportion_v the_o tax_n on_o either_o of_o they_o as_o in_o justice_n discretion_n and_o true_a judgement_n be_v requisite_a and_o so_o if_o a_o tax_v be_v set_v upon_o land_n the_o owner_n may_v come_v in_o before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v before_o they_o that_o i._o d._n have_v a_o common_a and_o rend_v thereout_o and_o upon_o proof_n thereof_o make_v the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n according_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v not_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n at_o the_o first_o to_o lay_v the_o charge_n upon_o every_o particular_a person_n for_o that_o be_v opus_fw-la in_o finitum_fw-la &_o impossibile_fw-it but_o to_o relieve_v the_o party_n upon_o their_o complaint_n and_o this_o may_v be_v easy_o do_v and_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o justice_n of_o these_o law_n so_o to_o do_v and_o if_o the_o party_n grieve_v will_v not_o complain_v for_o relief_n let_v it_o be_v just_o account_v their_o own_o folly_n and_o no_o injustice_n of_o the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o very_a statute_n direct_v that_o such_o as_o be_v 12._o 1_o h._n 4._o ch_n 12._o grieve_v shall_v have_v relief_n upon_o their_o complaint_n which_o confirm_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n tax_n rate_n and_o sessment_n impose_v mere_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i_o have_v former_o put_v nine_o several_a matter_n to_o tie_v man_n to_o the_o repair_v and_o this_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v the_o last_o but_o not_o the_o least_o of_o they_o i_o propose_v these_o to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o be_v not_o back_v help_v aid_v or_o assist_v by_o custom_n prescription_n common_a right_n or_o by_o any_o other_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o tenure_n or_o covenant_n or_o any_o act_n of_o the_o party_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o be_v only_o compose_v make_v order_v and_o direct_v by_o the_o sole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n and_o these_o be_v such_o as_o fall_v out_o of_o all_o the_o fome_a rule_n and_o therefore_o in_o nova_fw-la causa_fw-la novum_fw-la remedium_fw-la est_fw-la adhibendum_fw-la but_o yet_o before_o i_o enter_v into_o my_o own_o work_n i_o will_v set_v down_o and_o declare_v the_o opinion_n deliver_v in_o rook_n and_o keighleys_n case_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o they_o opposite_a to_o the_o other_o for_o in_o rook_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n or_o bank_n by_o tenure_n prescription_n or_o otherwise_o that_o yet_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v not_o assess_v the_o say_a party_n alone_o to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o prescription_n tenure_n custom_n or_o otherwise_o but_o aught_o to_o assess_v all_o the_o level_n to_o do_v the_o same_o which_o be_v to_o have_v good_a thereby_o but_o this_o be_v mistake_v be_v very_o just_o and_o discreet_o alter_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o keighley_n by_o the_o author_n himself_o for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o learned_a maker_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n will_v have_v strike_v down_o at_o one_o blow_n so_o many_o thousand_o prescription_n custom_n tenor_n covenant_n and_o use_n as_o be_v within_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v tie_v and_o bind_v to_o do_v and_o make_v the_o repair_v in_o this_o kind_n some_o in_o consideration_n of_o house_n and_o land_n other_o for_o yearly_a rent_n and_o for_o other_o cause_n which_o to_o have_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o to_o have_v impose_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o leveller_n will_v have_v wrought_v and_o bring_v a_o wondrous_a innovation_n change_n and_o alteration_n in_o these_o work_n all_o which_o by_o this_o exposition_n be_v free_v and_o save_v but_o yet_o there_o be_v certain_a case_n which_o of_o mere_a necessity_n lie_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n first_o if_o any_o ground_n be_v heretofore_o by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n or_o otherwise_o oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v any_o wall_n bank_n river_n sewer_n goat_n sluice_n jetty_a or_o other_o defence_n which_o ground_n so_o charge_v have_v be_v of_o late_o devour_v and_o overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o remain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o that_o case_n tie_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n now_o upon_o the_o level_n which_o stand_v in_o danger_n of_o take_v hurt_v by_o the_o not_o make_v the_o repair_v or_o which_o be_v to_o receive_v good_a by_o the_o do_v thereof_o second_o also_o if_o a._n b._n be_v bind_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n or_o bank_n and_o he_o die_v without_o heir_n whereby_o the_o land_n escheat_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n in_o this_o case_n the_o tenure_n be_v end_v and_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o repair_v and_o therefore_o now_o the_o charge_n must_v lie_v on_o the_o the_o level_n and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n if_o this_o tenure_n have_v be_v in_o other_o sort_n extinguish_v three_o where_o no_o person_n or_o ground_n can_v be_v know_v which_o ought_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v by_o tenure_n prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o than_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o level_n four_o if_o john_n à _fw-fr stile_n be_v chargeable_a to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o same_o here_o the_o level_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v to_o assist_v he_o therein_o as_o appear_v in_o keighleys_n
argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o that_o the_o assess_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la finis_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la tertia_fw-la in_o my_o two_o precede_a case_n the_o main_a body_n of_o this_o great_a law_n be_v contrive_v and_o therefore_o i_o take_v a_o great_a &_o large_a compass_n in_o my_o argument_n therein_o then_o otherwise_o i_o will_v have_v do_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o livelihood_n of_o all_o law_n consist_v and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v of_o execution_n as_o mr._n plowden_n in_o zouch_n and_o stowel_n case_n come_v blow_n come_v in_o his_o commentary_n fol._n 358._o say_v of_o a_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v finis_fw-la fructus_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o effectus_fw-la legis_fw-la so_o be_v execution_n the_o fruit_n issue_n and_o end_n of_o the_o law_n and_o without_o it_o nothing_o be_v effectual_a and_o till_o it_o come_v nothing_o be_v material_a for_o to_o begin_v a_o suit_n and_o stay_v at_o the_o declaration_n be_v a_o fruitless_a enterprise_n and_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o judgement_n and_o to_o go_v no_o further_o be_v like_o a_o traveller_n which_o undertake_v a_o journey_n and_o return_n or_o sit_v down_o without_o further_a move_a before_o he_o come_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o intend_a progress_n law_n as_o cicero_n say_v be_v but_o mutus_fw-la magistratus_fw-la the_o magistrate_n be_v lex_fw-la loquens_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o which_o cicero_n cicero_n upon_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v that_o executio_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la agens_fw-la and_o because_o i_o esteem_v the_o time_n to_o be_v almost_o lose_v or_o misspend_v which_o be_v prologue_v out_o in_o preamble_n i_o will_v therefore_o now_o brief_o divide_v this_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n into_o these_o ensue_a head_n either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o imprisonment_n fine_a or_o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n good_n by_o distress_n or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v upon_o the_o real_a estate_n by_o charge_v the_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n or_o temporary_o or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o the_o true_a and_o due_a execution_n of_o all_o these_o in_o a_o just_a legal_a equal_a and_o qualify_a decree_n require_v of_o all_o other_o part_n of_o law_n this_o great_a and_o true_a discretion_n consideration_n wisdom_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o may_v stand_v as_o a_o ground_n infallible_a that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o degree_n of_o punishment_n as_o there_o be_v offence_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v circumspect_a that_o they_o apply_v to_o every_o offence_n his_o due_a punishment_n for_o it_o be_v injustice_n to_o punish_v the_o offence_n commit_v in_o a_o wrong_a degree_n to_o pronounce_v a_o traitor_n judgement_n upon_o a_o felon_n or_o a_o felon_n judgement_n upon_o a_o traitor_n be_v grand_a misprision_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n or_o to_o fine_a the_o person_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a be_v not_o only_a injustice_n in_o the_o commissioner_n but_o thereby_o also_o their_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o question_n and_o censure_v and_o see_v the_o statute_n do_v so_o much_o lie_v upon_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n as_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v mention_v it_o seem_v the_o parliament_n do_v give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o such_o as_o be_v to_o meddle_v in_o those_o affair_n shall_v be_v both_o discreet_a and_o wise_a and_o shall_v strive_v to_o become_v learn_v in_o those_o affair_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o better_a furnish_n of_o they_o with_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o say_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n thereupon_o which_o do_v give_v just_a occasion_n to_o treat_v full_o of_o they_o all_o the_o three_o case_n a._n give_v the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n to_o which_o a_o manor_n be_v belong_v to_o i._o s._n &_o abnepti_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n and_o female_n of_o their_o body_n in_o frank_a marriage_n and_o die_v b._n and_o c._n their_o legitimate_a son_n and_o daughter_n and_o d._n their_o bastard_n daughter_n enter_v and_o die_v in_o seisin_n and_o e._n her_o daughter_n enter_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n at_o a_o court_n make_v a_o law_n that_o a_o goat_n shall_v be_v repair_v and_o assess_v several_o a._n b._n c._n and_o e._n to_o do_v it_o upon_o surmise_n that_o they_o all_o have_v benefit_n b._n and_o c._n refuse_v to_o obey_v for_o which_o b._n be_v imprison_v and_o c._n be_v fine_v a._n and_o e._n tender_a plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v refuse_v and_o they_o be_v several_o amerce_v and_o a_o law_n make_v that_o a._n shall_v be_v distrain_v and_o for_o nonpayment_n the_o distress_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n shall_v be_v also_o sell_v because_o she_o have_v nothing_o to_o be_v distrain_v by_o i_o conclude_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v do_v due_a justice_n upon_o the_o offender_n in_o every_o part_n of_o this_o law_n argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la the_o passage_n of_o this_o case_n be_v both_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o mean_n but_o the_o statute_n be_v the_o matter_n i_o must_v insist_v upon_o but_o see_v the_o statute_n law_n can_v receive_v no_o due_a construction_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n i_o have_v therefore_o make_v a_o harmonial_a composition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o my_o case_n and_o i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o branch_v out_o my_o case_n into_o these_o ensue_a point_n point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o this_o office_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o second_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a entail_n or_o a_o frank-mariage_n three_o whether_o the_o bastard_n be_v inheritable_a to_o this_o estate_n or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o court_n or_o only_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o commission_n without_o a_o court_n second_o whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a if_o so_o then_o whether_o they_o have_v well_o behave_v themselves_o in_o this_o case_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o this_o law_n do_v admit_v of_o any_o plea_n and_o especial_o of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n four_o whether_o the_o law_n make_v touch_v the_o distress_n be_v well_o make_v because_o it_o seem_v prima_fw-la fancy_n to_o oppose_v a_o main_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o deny_v of_o replevin_n five_o and_o last_o if_o the_o law_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n of_o tenement_n in_o tail_n be_v warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o not_o these_o be_v the_o material_n of_o this_o case_n wherein_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o beginning_n what_o you_o be_v to_o expect_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o conclusion_n of_o my_o argument_n these_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o importance_n and_o tend_v much_o into_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o according_a to_o my_o wont_a fashion_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o affirmative_n of_o my_o case_n first_o point_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v it_o a_o point_n of_o any_o importance_n in_o my_o case_n whether_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o office_n for_o that_o in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o fol._n 28._o in_o sir_n robert_n crofts_n case_n it_o be_v resolve_v it_o may_v for_o there_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o of_o a_o forester_n and_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o also_o to_o a_o corody_n which_o be_v no_o office_n and_o these_o as_o well_o as_o to_o a_o spiritual_a office_n parson_n vicar_n prebend_n or_o such_o like_a but_o whether_o or_o no_o these_o land_n may_v be_v part_v from_o the_o office_n by_o alienation_n i_o think_v that_o a_o argumentable_a point_n in_o 6_o h._n 8._o dyer_n f._n 2._o empsons_n case_n it_o be_v say_v 8._o 6_o h._n 8._o if_o the_o king_n create_v a_o duke_n &_o grant_v to_o he_o a_o anuity_n to_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n that_o annuity_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o his_o dignity_n as_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o and_o so_o of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o parson_n vicar_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a because_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o they_o in_o their_o place_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o be_v sever_v they_o may_v be_v recontinue_a
fol._n 57_o in_o winbish_n and_o tailboys_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o bastard_n eigne_n and_o mulier_fw-la puisne_n and_o the_o bastard_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n enter_v into_o entail_v land_n and_o die_v seize_v this_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o mulier_fw-la in_o case_n of_o estate_n tail_n as_o it_o do_v in_o a_o estate_n of_o fee_n simple_a and_o vouch_v for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 39_o ed._n 3._o plac_fw-la ultimo_fw-la where_o the_o case_n be_v that_o land_n be_v give_v in_o tail_n to_o i._o s._n the_o remainder_n 3._o 39_o ed._n 3._o in_o tail_n to_o c._n and_o i._n s._n have_v issue_n by_o a_o woman_n a_o bastard_n and_o die_v seize_v and_o then_o the_o bastard_n die_v seize_v have_v issue_n he_o in_o the_o remainder_n may_v recover_v the_o land_n against_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o bastard_n affirm_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o possession_n in_o the_o bastard_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o in_o remainder_n to_o which_o opinion_n i_o do_v subscribe_v because_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n be_v a_o stranger_n in_o blood_n and_o so_o can_v be_v conclude_v as_o the_o mulier_fw-la shall_v be_v for_o a_o mulier_fw-la indeed_o be_v like_o a_o graft_n draw_v out_o of_o both_o the_o blood_n of_o father_n and_o mother_n so_o the_o bastard_n be_v a_o slip_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o stock_n and_o have_v his_o be_v therefrom_o and_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n consider_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o de_fw-fr donis_n do_v accept_v of_o gift_n in_o tail_n make_v before_o marriage_n upon_o the_o hope_n and_o expectation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n to_o perfect_v the_o same_o even_o so_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v to_o a_o bastard_n birth_n give_v he_o and_o his_o issue_n a_o privilege_n in_o these_o case_n of_o descent_n which_o be_v deny_v to_o other_o bastard_n or_o mere_a stranger_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o that_o maxim_n and_o principle_n of_o law_n shall_v be_v alter_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o west_n 2._o but_o because_o mountagues_n opinion_n in_o mr._n blow_n com._n sway_v the_o other_o way_n i_o will_v therefore_o submit_v this_o point_n to_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n than_o my_o own_o so_o that_o if_o the_o law_n fall_v out_o for_o the_o bastard_n issue_n than_o she_o shall_v have_v title_n to_o the_o half_a part_n belong_v to_o the_o female_n and_o to_o no_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o heir_n males_n and_o with_o this_o conclusion_n i_o do_v here_o end_v my_o common_a law_n point_n and_o will_v now_o resort_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o my_o statute_n point_n the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o be_o desirous_a to_o attribute_v to_o this_o law_n all_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n which_o may_v in_o any_o sort_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o forget_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v material_o tend_v to_o the_o uphold_v and_o maintain_v thereof_o wherein_o among_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o know_v some_o opinion_n have_v be_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n and_o not_o any_o court_n and_o i_o suppose_v much_o may_v be_v say_v to_o maintain_v that_o opinion_n first_o because_o in_o expressis_fw-la terminis_fw-la there_o be_v no_o court_n ordain_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o by_o any_o other_o and_o without_o word_n express_v in_o the_o point_n they_o can_v have_v no_o court._n second_o by_o precedent_n in_o the_o like_a case_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v no_o court_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 8_o report_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o major_a and_o commonalty_n plenum_fw-la &_o integrum_fw-la scrutinium_fw-la gubernationem_fw-la london_n the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n &_o correctionem_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singularum_fw-la misteriarum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o have_v no_o court_n in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o court_n be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o patent_n as_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n fol._n 119_o in_o the_o same_o report_n wherein_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o put_v sway_v the_o same_o way_n for_o there_o the_o physician_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a offender_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o any_o court_n thereby_o and_o so_o if_o a_o commission_n issue_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o examine_v matter_n in_o a_o suit_n there_o depend_v and_o to_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n the_o same_o yet_o hereby_o these_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o court_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o commission_n be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o proper_a power_n of_o the_o chancery_n which_o be_v the_o court_n for_o that_o cause_n eo_fw-la instant_n when_o it_o be_v in_o commission_n and_o one_o cause_o can_v uno_fw-la eodemque_fw-la tempore_fw-la depend_v in_o several_a court_n neither_o have_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n any_o court_n nor_o the_o commissioner_n in_o the_o case_n of_o 1_o &_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o which_o have_v power_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la have_v not_o any_o court_n but_o only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n for_o in_o truth_n these_o be_v all_o of_o they_o rather_o ministerial_a then_o judicial_a commission_n and_o so_o a_o court_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o eminent_a court_n of_o record_n it_o be_v true_a that_o court_n have_v their_o beginning_n in_o three_o sort_n first_o by_o prescription_n second_o by_o charter-grant_a from_o the_o crown_n and_o three_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o the_o court_n hundred_o and_o leet_n begin_v by_o custom_n and_o so_o do_v the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster-hall_n 2._o court_n in_o corporation_n most_o of_o they_o take_v their_o beginning_n by_o charter_n and_o 3._o the_o court_n of_o first_o fruit_n and_o ten_o and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n be_v erect_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o in_o 32_o the_o other_o in_o 33_o hen._n 8._o but_o to_o bring_v the_o question_n near_a home_n to_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o additamentum_fw-la legibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la sewerarum_fw-la for_o they_o have_v be_v use_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o law_n though_o perhaps_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n and_o yet_o before_o the_o 6_o h._n 6._o they_o be_v know_v by_o that_o name_n as_o by_o the_o perusal_n of_o that_o statute_n may_v be_v collect_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n hereafter_o ensue_v i_o hold_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o court._n first_o for_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 12_o ed._n 4._o cap._n 7._o and_o our_o very_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o call_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o justice_n and_o one_o can_v proper_o be_v a_o justice_n or_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o court._n second_o here_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o process_n for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v and_o direct_v all_o writ_n precept_n warrant_n and_o other_o commandment_n to_o all_o sheriff_n bailiff_n and_o other_o minister_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o that_o he_o that_o think_v 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o himself_o grieve_a may_v pursue_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v right_a and_o where_o there_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o where_o party_n grieve_v may_v come_v in_o and_o have_v remedy_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o they_o there_o be_v proper_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o have_v they_o in_o but_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_v the_o physician_n have_v no_o legal_a proceed_n and_o therefore_o party_n grieve_v can_v have_v no_o remedy_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n they_o have_v not_o a_o court._n and_o three_o the_o chief_a reason_n wherefore_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n be_v because_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o renown_a court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o be_v and_o be_v a_o court_n of_o great_a esteem_n power_n and_o authority_n and_o so_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o erect_v a_o new_a court_n in_o this_o case_n as_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o erect_v and_o find_v the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o first_o fruit_n the_o first_o will_v else_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o chancery_n to_o the_o which_o primary_o it_o do_v belong_v and_o the_o other_o be_v a_o new_a revenue_n and_o want_v a_o court_n to_o direct_v or_o
debtor_n good_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o his_o sesse_v and_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o other_o law_n also_o in_o another_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v use_v these_o word_n and_o the_o clerk_n by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v assign_v to_o have_v two_o shilling_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la of_o the_o rate_n tax_n lot_n and_o waive_n as_o shall_v be_v assess_v or_o lose_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n to_o be_v levy_v or_o pay_v by_o their_o discretion_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o very_a express_a letter_n of_o this_o law_n the_o tax_n sess_v and_o rate_n may_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n which_o if_o they_o please_v may_v be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o offender_n good_n and_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o starute_n the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n which_o be_v do_v according_a to_o reason_n shall_v be_v hold_v for_o firm_a and_o inviolable_a and_o therefore_o upon_o just_a cause_n in_o my_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v a_o law_n or_o ordinance_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o good_n in_o furtherance_n of_o this_o service_n and_o this_o be_v a_o law_n which_o tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o be_v so_o profitable_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o same_o it_o be_v therefore_o good_a reason_n to_o extend_v the_o same_o and_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o as_o far_o as_o the_o letter_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o letter_n shall_v reach_v which_o may_v be_v as_o far_o as_o shall_v stand_v with_o reason_n and_o rule_n of_o other_o law_n statute_n custom_n and_o usage_n of_o other_o court_n which_o have_v power_n in_o sale_n of_o good_n in_o cause_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v not_o altogether_o without_o precedent_n for_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 36_o &_o 37._o marsh_n ch._n romney_n marsh_n it_o be_v say_v in_o these_o word_n in_o a_o debate_n between_o hamo_fw-la and_o godfrey_n et_fw-la predictus_fw-la hamo_fw-la concessit_fw-la prose_n &_o aliis_fw-la quod_fw-la computabit_fw-la cor_fw-la '_o vigint_fw-fr '_o quatuor_fw-la jurat_fw-la '_o elect_n '_o de_fw-la patria_fw-la super_fw-la districtionibus_fw-la &_o averiis_fw-la cap_a '_o predicti_fw-la godfredi_n pro_fw-la predict_v '_o walliis_fw-la &_o watergangiis_fw-la repar_fw-la '_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la istius_fw-la placiti_fw-la usque_fw-la nunc_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o districtiones_fw-la illas_fw-la secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la portionis_fw-la sibi_fw-la contingent_a interim_n pro_fw-la predict_v '_o walliis_fw-la &_o watergangiis_fw-la reparandum_fw-la sicut_fw-la predict_v '_o est_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v '_o districtiones_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la hamo_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la satisfacient_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la quod_fw-la injunctum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la per_fw-la predicti_fw-la comput_fw-la '_o inter_fw-la eos_fw-la de_fw-fr surplusagio_fw-it recepto_fw-la de_fw-la averiis_fw-la venditis_fw-la predict_v '_o godfredi_n occasione_n predict_v '_o hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o hamo_fw-la the_o bailiff_n sell_v the_o cattle_n of_o godfrey_n to_o make_v the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o watergange_n and_o our_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v after_o the_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n which_o by_o this_o precedent_n former_o vouch_v warrant_v the_o sale_n of_o good_n yet_o herein_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o bailiff_n which_o distrain_v not_o exit_fw-la osficio_fw-la without_o a_o special_a warrant_n first_o direct_v to_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o the_o commissioner_n make_v sale_n of_o good_n distrain_v for_o a_o lay_v tax_n or_o a_o sesse_n of_o sewer_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o be_v a_o good_a warrant_n for_o the_o commissioner_n to_o make_v a_o advise_v special_a law_n of_o sewer_n for_o sale_n of_o good_n distrain_v upon_o a_o just_a occasion_n before_o they_o direct_v any_o warrant_n exit_fw-la subito_fw-la to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o for_o any_o such_o purpose_n but_o now_o herein_o follow_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o consequence_n and_o worthy_a the_o handle_n that_o if_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n good_n may_v be_v sell_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o these_o work_n as_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o may_v than_o who_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v be_v the_o question_n next_o to_o be_v decide_v wherein_o to_o be_v brief_a i_o be_o firm_a of_o opinion_n that_o no_o good_n can_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o only_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n sess_v and_o tax_v though_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o other_o man_n be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n sess_v to_o the_o repair_v for_o i_o hold_v it_o not_o consonant_a to_o reason_n nor_o that_o it_o stand_v with_o any_o rule_n of_o law_n that_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o a_o stranger_n shall_v be_v absolute_o take_v away_o from_o he_o and_o sell_v for_o the_o debt_n and_o default_n of_o another_o man_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o case_n put_v in_o the_o 3_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 199._o may_v fit_o be_v apply_v to_o this_o point_n where_o eliz._n 3_o eliz._n a_o custom_n be_v allege_v for_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o have_v and_o take_v the_o best_a which_o his_o tenant_n have_v at_o his_o death_n and_o if_o such_o best_a beast_n shall_v be_v esloyn_v that_o then_o he_o may_v have_v and_o take_v the_o best_a beast_n of_o any_o other_o levant_n and_o couchant_a upon_o the_o land_n and_o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o void_a custom_n as_o to_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n to_o be_v make_v subject_n to_o such_o a_o forfeiture_n thus_o far_o i_o have_v pursue_v my_o argument_n in_o discourse_v upon_o these_o distress_n and_o touch_v such_o matter_n as_o do_v depend_v thereon_o because_o in_o my_o experience_n i_o have_v find_v they_o the_o ready_a part_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n and_o i_o have_v heretofore_o behold_v much_o enormous_a proceed_n therein_o both_o in_o the_o commissioner_n and_o in_o their_o officer_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o very_o needful_a to_o have_v treat_v thereon_o for_o their_o better_a direction_n in_o these_o affair_n hereafter_o replevin_n yet_o as_o i_o find_v distress_n to_o be_v the_o most_o useful_a execution_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n so_o i_o have_v see_v the_o proceed_n therein_o much_o stay_v and_o interrupt_v by_o the_o usual_a sue_n of_o replevin_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o say_v distress_n take_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n have_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o work_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v much_o let_v and_o hinder_v thereby_o and_o therefore_o the_o five_o point_n in_o my_o case_n do_v minister_v a_o good_a occasion_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o serious_a examination_n of_o they_o and_o now_o my_o intent_n be_v to_o declare_v in_o what_o case_n a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v and_o where_o not_o and_o sure_o this_o point_n have_v heretofore_o be_v much_o stir_v in_o and_o not_o without_o some_o cause_n for_o the_o very_a statute_n seem_v to_o allow_v of_o replevin_n in_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o action_n of_o trespass_n or_o any_o other_o action_n shall_v be_v attempt_v against_o any_o person_n for_o take_v any_o distress_n or_o for_o any_o other_o thing_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n that_o the_o defendant_n in_o such_o action_n may_v make_v avowry_n cognisance_n or_o justification_n for_o the_o take_n of_o the_o say_a distress_n trespass_n or_o other_o act_n whereof_o the_o plaintiff_n complain_v be_v do_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n for_o a_o lot_n or_o tax_n assess_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n or_o for_o other_o such_o act_n or_o cause_n as_o the_o defendant_n do_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o in_o what_o action_n can_v a_o man_n so_o proper_o make_v his_o avowry_n cognisance_n or_o justification_n as_o in_o a_o replevin_n be_v a_o word_n only_o apt_a for_o that_o action_n and_o a_o distress_n be_v de_fw-fr sva_fw-la natura_fw-la proper_o replevisable_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o for_o direct_v authority_n in_o the_o point_n it_o appear_v in_o rook_n case_n that_o a_o replevin_n be_v there_o sue_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o distress_n take_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o must_v here_o distinguish_v for_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n a_o replevin_n do_v not_o lie_v nor_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o any_o of_o his_o deputy_n for_o that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o judicial_a court_n of_o record_n &_o of_o great_a authority_n than_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n which_o in_o these_o case_n be_v but_o ministerial_a and_o the_o high_a authority_n that_o he_o have_v be_v but_o vicontiel_n which_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o therefore_o the_o sheriff_n
the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v sufficient_a to_o yield_v the_o party_n the_o benefit_n of_o a_o traverse_v if_o there_o be_v cause_n and_o for_o precedent_n in_o the_o point_n chart._n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 23_o and_o 24._o one_o godfrey_n marsh_n ro._n marsh_n be_v present_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n and_o that_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o he_o come_v in_o and_o plead_v a_o plea_n thereto_o before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o in_o 19_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 6._o there_o be_v divers_a presentment_n before_o commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n for_o nuisance_n do_v in_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o traverse_v and_o try_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o do_v plain_o admit_v of_o a_o traverse_v wherein_o the_o word_n be_v that_o in_o case_n if_o any_o feel_v himself_o grieve_v by_o execution_n or_o otherwise_o against_o right_n and_o reason_n let_v he_o pursue_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v right_a but_o i_o very_o suppose_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n do_v by_o their_o view_n or_o by_o survey_n and_o discretion_n be_v so_o bind_v as_o in_o those_o case_n no_o traverse_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v because_o these_o thing_n be_v mere_o the_o act_n of_o the_o court_n and_o of_o the_o justice_n themselves_o and_o if_o they_o fine_a a_o man_n for_o his_o contempt_n in_o court_n by_o a_o record_n of_o their_o own_o view_n and_o not_o upon_o a_o presentment_n the_o party_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o traverse_n this_o and_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o act_n of_o a_o judge_n be_v not_o traversable_a if_o he_o be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n but_o in_o case_n do_v or_o certify_v by_o such_o as_o be_v no_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o commissioner_n of_o bankrupt_n which_o certify_v one_o a_o bankrupt_a he_o may_v traverse_v this_o in_o a_o action_n bring_v as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o cut_n and_o delaber_n in_o 7_o jac._n in_o the_o jac._n cut_a and_o delaber_n 7_o jac._n common_a place_n and_o vernies_n case_n 1_o mar._n dier_n fol._n 89._o no_o averment_n can_v be_v take_v to_o the_o certificate_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 7_o h._n 7._o fol._n 4._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o but_o although_o a_o traverse_n may_v be_v take_v to_o a_o presentment_n in_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n yet_o time_n and_o season_n must_v be_v observe_v for_o if_o a_o presentment_n be_v there_o make_v it_o may_v be_v traverse_v for_o the_o reason_n cause_n &_o precedent_n former_o mention_v yet_o if_o the_o cause_n have_v be_v there_o so_o far_o proceed_v in_o as_o the_o commissioner_n make_v a_o decree_n thereupon_o i_o take_v it_o then_o no_o traverse_n at_o all_o can_v be_v take_v because_o a_o decree_n be_v the_o final_a judgement_n of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v a_o act_n judicial_a which_o can_v be_v traverse_v and_o try_v by_o a_o jury_n for_o that_o be_v to_o refer_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n to_o be_v examine_v by_o a_o jury_n which_o may_v not_o be_v admit_v and_o at_o the_o common_a law_n after_o judgement_n no_o traverse_n can_v be_v take_v and_o if_o one_o be_v indict_v at_o the_o general_a session_n of_o the_o peace_n this_o be_v traversable_a but_o if_o the_o party_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v outlaw_v upon_o the_o say_a indictment_n there_o no_o traverse_n lie_v but_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n so_o if_o in_o our_o session_n of_o the_o sewer_n the_o cause_n proceed_v to_o a_o decree_n the_o party_n grieve_v be_v to_o take_v his_o way_n by_o prefer_v a_o bill_n of_o reversal_n in_o manner_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n and_o so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o cause_n here_o thorough_o examine_v other_o legal_a proceed_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o give_v the_o legal_a proceed_n be_v these_o viz._n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v hear_v and_o determine_v all_o and_o singular_a the_o premise_n as_o well_o at_o our_o suit_n as_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o any_o other_o complain_v before_o they_o after_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o other_o way_n or_o mean_n these_o word_n give_v the_o party_n remedy_n to_o sue_v before_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v contain_v within_o these_o law_n and_o which_o have_v their_o dependency_n thereon_o in_o colshils_n case_n in_o dier_n fol._n 175._o the_o party_n prefer_v his_o case_n colshils_n case_n bill_n of_o complaint_n to_o the_o commissioner_n contain_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o title_n to_o the_o office_n in_o question_n and_o these_o be_v special_a commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n justice_n of_o the_o general_a oyer_n and_o terminer_n may_v hear_v and_o determine_v usury_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o eliz._n cap._n 8._o yet_o if_o i._o s._n be_v bind_v eliz._n 13_o eliz._n in_o a_o bond_n of_o ten_o pound_n principal_a debt_n and_o for_o forty_o shilling_n for_o interest_n although_o this_o bond_n be_v for_o payment_n for_o usury_n yet_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n do_v not_o lie_v thereupon_o before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n but_o a_o information_n may_v be_v prefer_v against_o the_o lender_n there_o to_o punish_v he_o so_o by_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n a_o action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v not_o for_o a_o trespass_n do_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o this_o commission_n yet_o distinguendum_fw-la est_fw-la for_o put_v the_o case_n a_o sesse_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o man_n and_o the_o good_n of_o i._o s._n not_o chargeable_a thereto_o be_v take_v and_o distrain_v who_o be_v not_o chargeable_a to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o i._n s._n in_o my_o opnion_n though_o this_o case_n have_v but_o the_o countenance_n of_o this_o commission_n may_v have_v his_o action_n or_o prefer_v his_o complaint_n before_o the_o commissioner_n in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o damage_n and_o although_o this_o be_v but_o a_o private_a action_n yet_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v by_o a_o authority_n draw_v from_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n the_o party_n distrain_v may_v have_v his_o remedy_n in_o this_o court_n by_o his_o private_a action_n because_o it_o spring_v by_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o general_a power_n of_o this_o court_n if_o a._n b._n have_v a_o several_a pischary_n in_o the_o river_n of_o witham_n which_o be_v a_o river_n within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o the_o say_v pischary_a by_o these_o law_n be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_v thereof_o if_o c._n d._n disseiz_v he_o thereof_o or_o commit_v a_o trespass_n by_o fish_v therein_o a._n b._n can_v neither_o have_v a_o assize_n nor_o action_n of_o trespass_n within_o this_o court_n so_o if_o a_o royal_a or_o common_a river_n have_v his_o current_n through_o the_o town_n of_o dale_n and_o one_o a._n b._n be_v tie_v to_o repair_v the_o bank_n there_o by_o tenure_n prescription_n or_o otherwise_o which_o notwithstanding_o in_o his_o default_n be_v break_v down_o and_o the_o water_n break_v out_o overflow_v the_o ground_n of_o c._n d._n thereto_o adjoin_v yet_o c._n d._n have_v not_o any_o remedy_n to_o recover_v his_o damage_n against_o a._n b._n in_o this_o court_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o ground_n but_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o private_a action_n therefore_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o case_n of_o keighley_n but_o if_o a._n b._n be_v present_v therefore_o before_o our_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n they_o may_v order_v a._n b._n to_o repair_v the_o breach_n but_o can_v award_v damage_n to_o c._n d._n for_o our_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v herein_o like_a to_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o to_o steward_n of_o leet_n and_o law-day_n which_o have_v power_n original_o to_o meddle_v only_o with_o the_o public_a wrong_n yet_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n and_o of_o this_o statute_n they_o many_o time_n accidental_o meet_v with_o private_a injury_n as_o by_o the_o ensue_a case_n may_v appear_v if_o a_o township_n be_v assess_v by_o a_o law_n of_o sewer_n and_o the_o good_n of_o one_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v take_v for_o the_o sesse_v that_o party_n upon_o his_o complaint_n to_o these_o justice_n of_o sewer_n may_v have_v process_n out_o of_o this_o court_n to_o call_v before_o they_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o say_v sess_v to_o cause_v they_o to_o contribute_v towards_o the_o party_n damage_n who_o be_v sole_o distrain_v for_o they_o all_o for_o otherwise_o this_o court_n shall_v fail_v of_o justice_n in_o his_o own_o proper_a material_n &_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o
h._n 4._o c._n 12._o say_v that_o he_o which_o be_v grieve_v let_v he_o have_v remedy_n and_o if_o the_o good_n of_o a_o man_n take_v for_o his_o tax_n or_o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o sess_v be_v sell_v for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o for_o more_o money_n than_o his_o sess_n come_v to_o the_o justices_z of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o cause_v the_o officer_n to_o restore_v the_o overplus_n et_fw-fr cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la concordat_fw-la the_o charter_n of_o rom._n marsh_n if_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n appoint_v the_o officer_n to_o take_v so_o many_o tree_n of_o i._o s._n at_o such_o a_o price_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o make_v a_o trench_n over_o the_o ground_n of_o i._o d._n and_o thereto_o erect_v something_o towards_o these_o action_n i._n s._n have_v remedy_n to_o come_v by_o his_o money_n in_o this_o court_n and_o the_o other_o party_n over_o who_o ground_n this_o trench_n be_v make_v may_v be_v relieve_v in_o recompense_n to_o be_v make_v to_o he_o for_o the_o hurt_n in_o his_o ground_n if_o laborer_n or_o workman_n as_o carpenter_n mason_n smith_n diker_n or_o other_o person_n be_v set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n they_o may_v by_o the_o same_o power_n recover_v their_o wage_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n for_o the_o original_a cause_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o this_o be_v there_o determinable_a as_o incident_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o court_n but_o if_o the_o original_a cause_n do_v not_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o commission_n as_o in_o some_o of_o the_o precede_a case_n they_o do_v not_o then_o have_v this_o court_n no_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o matter_n depend_v thereon_o and_o i_o do_v ground_n this_o diversity_n upon_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o book_n case_n put_v in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o where_n it_o be_v say_v 3._o 1_o r._n 3._o that_o if_o the_o original_a cause_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o court_n christian_n although_o in_o the_o proceed_n therein_o some_o matter_n happen_v which_o depend_v on_o the_o principal_a which_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o temporal_a court_n yet_o accessarium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la suum_fw-la principale_v and_o these_o matter_n shall_v also_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o court_n christian_n and_o so_o if_o in_o a_o cause_n at_o the_o temporal_a law_n as_o in_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proceed_n therein_o some_o matter_n do_v arise_v depend_v on_o the_o principal_a cause_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o court_n christian_n yet_o the_o temporal_a court_n shall_v continue_v his_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o and_o with_o this_o diversity_n agree_v kelleways_o rep._n kelleways_n rep._n report_n fol._n 110._o so_o in_o our_o court_n of_o sewer_n although_o a_o thing_n happen_v in_o the_o proceed_n which_o if_o it_o stand_v mere_o of_o itself_o will_v not_o pertain_v ad_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o examen_fw-la notwithstanding_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o matter_n accidental_a and_o have_v his_o dependence_n upon_o a_o principal_a matter_n which_o be_v determinable_a in_o this_o court_n the_o other_o also_o shall_z a_o be_v here_o determinable_a exemption_n it_o may_v be_v a_o grand_a question_n whether_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n will_v permit_v any_o exemption_n to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n and_o by_o the_o strict_a pen_n of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o commission_n it_o seem_v to_o oppose_v all_o such_o privilege_n and_o discharge_v as_o exemption_n be_v the_o ancient_a commission_n which_o be_v in_o the_o register_n and_o in_o fitz._n nat._n br._n be_v exceed_v strict_a for_o the_o word_n therein_o be_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la terrarum_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementum_fw-la seu_fw-la communiam_fw-la pasturae_fw-la seu_fw-la pischariae_fw-la habentibus_fw-la diviti_fw-la vel_fw-la pauperi_fw-la vel_fw-la alteri_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la conditionis_fw-la status_fw-la aut_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la qui_fw-la defension_n '_o habere_fw-la potuerint_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v '_o wallia_n guttur_fw-la as_o fossata_fw-la sueras_fw-la port_n calceta_fw-la &_o gurgite_n seu_fw-la etiam_fw-la damnum_fw-la per_fw-la trenchea_n predict_v '_o sustinent_fw-la vel_fw-la poterint_fw-la sustinere_fw-la sive_fw-la fuerint_fw-la infra_fw-la libertates_fw-la siuè_fw-la extra_fw-la non_fw-la parcantur_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la and_o the_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n be_v in_o effect_n and_o all_o such_o which_o reap_v profit_n or_o sustain_v damage_n shall_v be_v assess_v which_o word_n seem_v not_o to_o admit_v of_o discharge_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n out_o of_o the_o strict_a word_n of_o these_o commission_n there_o be_v some_o exemption_n though_o not_o express_v in_o word_n yet_o supply_v in_o reason_n and_o be_v to_o be_v add_v in_o construction_n first_o for_o the_o ground_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o seabank_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o reason_n exempt_v from_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o wall_n because_o they_o can_v take_v no_o safety_n thereby_o second_o those_o ground_n which_o be_v upon_o a_o assent_n and_o not_o on_o the_o level_n be_v also_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n exempt_v from_o assess_v to_o be_v impose_v only_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n three_o where_o one_o or_o more_o be_v tie_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n or_o otherwise_o all_o other_o be_v in_o law_n and_o reason_n exempt_v four_o a_o parson_n &_o vicar_n with_o cure_n be_v not_o to_o be_v assess_v for_o their_o tithe_n and_o divers_a of_o the_o hereditament_n former_o mention_v in_o assess_v be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n exempt_v five_o but_o whether_o one_o may_v be_v discharge_v and_o exempt_v from_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o any_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n be_v a_o great_a question_n of_o our_o case_n in_o regard_n both_o the_o old_a and_o new_a commission_n quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la parcatur_fw-la seem_v to_o toll_n all_o prescription_n and_o custom_n of_o discharge_n and_o to_o admit_v of_o none_o of_o they_o and_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 31_o 32_o and_o 33._o bear_v the_o same_o exposition_n for_o there_o godfrey_n plead_v a_o plea_n to_o discharge_v he_o of_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n and_o watergauge_n because_o he_o claim_v his_o land_n by_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n and_o also_o prescribe_v general_o in_o non_fw-la reparando_fw-la but_o he_o dare_v not_o abide_v his_o plea_n for_o there_o pag._n 39_o it_o be_v say_v that_o all_o have_v land_n shall_v contribute_v and_o that_o none_o may_v be_v spare_v and_o also_o pag._n 53._o be_v these_o word_n quod_fw-la starent_fw-la ordinationi_fw-la jurator_n '_o predictor_n '_o nulla_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la resistente_fw-la which_o word_n be_v direct_v in_o the_o point_n against_o such_o general_n discharge_v claim_v by_o blind_a custom_n yet_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v that_o sir_n george_n fitzwilliams_n knight_n have_v a_o custom_n in_o his_o town_n and_o manor_n of_o mabblethorp_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n call_v swiftage_n whereby_o he_o challenge_v to_o be_v free_v from_o be_v charge_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o seabank_n because_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o manor_n there_o to_o do_v some_o other_o repair_v as_o beneficial_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n in_o such_o a_o special_a custom_n one_o may_v be_v exempt_v like_v to_o the_o case_n of_o tithe_n wherein_o one_o can_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n prescribe_v in_o a_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la yet_o in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la he_o may_v because_o there_o be_v some_o competent_a consideration_n give_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n one_o can_v general_o prescribe_v or_o allege_v a_o custom_n to_o be_v free_v and_o clear_o exempt_v from_o the_o repair_v of_o sewer_n but_o by_o special_a custom_n he_o may_v as_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o sir_n george_n fitzwilliams_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o my_o case_n do_v very_o just_o and_o discreet_o refuse_v the_o say_v general_a plea_n of_o discharge_n tender_v to_o they_o by_o a._n and_o e._n and_o so_o i_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v administer_v true_a justice_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o these_o law_n finis_fw-la huius_fw-la tertiae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la quarta_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o that_o the_o law_n maker_n make_v it_o not_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o care_n to_o have_v such_o person_n put_v in_o trust_n with_o the_o execution_n thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v of_o great_a wisdom_n and_o approve_a experience_n and_o because_o that_o person_n of_o profound_a wisdom_n deep_a experience_n try_v learning_n generous_a
matter_n do_v contain_v in_o it_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o he_o or_o they_o be_v of_o that_o from_o henceforth_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n not_o be_v first_o swear_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o oath_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n or_o if_o any_o person_n so_o name_v and_o swear_v do_v sit_v not_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o other_o hereditament_n in_o fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n to_o his_o own_o use_n except_o he_o be_v resciant_fw-la and_o free_a of_o any_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n or_o else_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v admit_v in_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a inn_n of_o court_n for_o a_o utter_a barrister_n shall_v forfeit_v forty_o pound_n for_o every_o time_n that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v so_o to_o do_v the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v therefore_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o by_o this_o clause_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o one_o that_o be_v not_o qualify_v in_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n first_o that_o he_o be_v a_o utter_a barrister_n in_o one_o of_o the_o four_o inn_n of_o court_n second_o or_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o for_o life_n three_o or_o be_v free_a or_o resciant_fw-la in_o some_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a and_o have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o that_o person_n which_o be_v not_o within_o one_o of_o the_o say_v three_o part_n and_o yet_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n incur_v two_o penalty_n the_o one_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o discretion_n for_o his_o presumption_n the_o other_o of_o forty_o pound_n for_o his_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a examination_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o will_v observe_v that_o method_n in_o my_o argument_n which_o my_o case_n have_v former_o prescribe_v to_o i_o and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o personal_a ability_n and_o first_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o commissioner_n of_o this_o kind_n must_v be_v endow_v with_o these_o three_o quality_n first_o he_o must_v be_v free_a of_o a_o city_n etc._n etc._n if_o he_o want_v any_o of_o these_o than_o he_o be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n of_o this_o statute_n second_o he_o must_v be_v there_o resciant_fw-la and_o three_o he_o must_v have_v in_o clear_a movable_a substance_n one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o what_o person_n be_v such_o a_o freeman_n be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o subject_a bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n be_v a_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a charter_n cap._n 14._o yea_o though_o he_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o a_o subject_a but_o a_o stranger_n bear_v be_v no_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o denizen_n in_o who_o power_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o one_o may_v be_v make_v free_a and_o to_o be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n be_v hold_v more_o material_a than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o parent_n for_o if_o alien_n have_v a_o child_n in_o england_n it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o hussey_n chief_a justice_n in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o and_o in_o calvin_n case_n of_o the_o post_n nati_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o ambassador_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v child_n bear_v in_o france_n or_o elsewhere_o where_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v natural_a bear_v subject_n the_o child_n be_v free_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o if_o either_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n of_o such_o child_n be_v a_o alien_n then_o be_v not_o those_o child_n free_a one_o out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o that_o time_n no_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n exile_v be_v in_o sort_v the_o near_a to_o our_o question_n exile_n be_v one_o of_o the_o eight_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n which_o be_v videlicet_fw-la 1._o damnum_fw-la 2._o imprisonamentum_fw-la 3._o plagae_fw-la 4._o compensatio_fw-la 5._o ignominia_fw-la 6._o exilium_fw-la 7._o servitudo_fw-la 8._o mors._n mr._n bracton_n do_v in_o this_o manner_n describe_v exile_n that_o be_v certi_fw-la loci_fw-la interdictio_fw-la and_o do_v distribute_v it_o into_o four_o head_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o specialis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la interdictio_fw-la talis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n aut_fw-la villae_fw-la 2._o generalie_n interdictio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o temporaria_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la tribus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n 4._o perpetua_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o exilium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la principis_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o exiliando_fw-la deuce_n hertferdiae_fw-la &_o norfolciae_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la richardum_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la terra_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la piers_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n &_o etiam_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ambo_fw-la fuorunt_fw-la exilit_fw-la '_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la abjuration_n also_o be_v a_o legal_a exile_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o cap._n 35._o he_o which_o ravish_v a_o ward_n and_o can_v render_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n must_v abjure_v the_o realm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_a abjuration_n and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o butcher_n be_v to_o be_v abjure_v the_o town_n if_o they_o offend_v the_o four_o time_n in_o sell_v measled_a flesh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o special_a abjuration_n but_o i_o must_v put_v this_o case_n to_o a_o further_a question_n which_o be_v what_o a_o man_n exile_v do_v forfeit_n thereby_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o forfeit_v these_o thing_n follow_v first_o he_o lose_v thereby_o the_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v exile_v second_o he_o forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o the_o borough_n or_o city_n where_o he_o be_v free_a for_o he_o which_o forfeit_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n by_o consequence_n forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o three_o he_o be_v of_o as_o little_a esteem_n in_o our_o law_n as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v and_o so_o may_v his_o wife_n enter_v into_o she_o own_o land_n and_o may_v sue_v a_o action_n as_o a_o woman_n sole_a by_o 31_o ed._n 1._o &_o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o and_o fourthly_a in_o my_o opinion_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v those_o land_n to_o the_o king_n which_o he_o shall_v purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n que_v vide_fw-la 15_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n petition_v '_o plac_n 2._o but_o there_o in_o that_o case_n hugh_n spencer_n be_v banish_v by_o a_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n which_o give_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o land_n howsoever_o i_o take_v he_o as_o strong_o bar_v from_o purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n as_o a_o alien_n be_v for_o fit_a alienigina_fw-la by_o his_o banishment_n and_o he_o be_v in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o a_o alien_n because_o he_o take_v with_o he_o indignatio_fw-la principis_fw-la but_o a_o banish_a man_n forfeit_v neither_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o knighthood_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la nor_o the_o land_n he_o have_v before_o he_o be_v exile_v unless_o by_o special_a judgement_n give_v in_o a_o legal_a course_n they_o be_v so_o decree_v then_o our_o case_n go_v further_a that_o e._n be_v not_o exile_v himself_o but_o d._n his_o father_n be_v exile_v who_o heir_n e._n be_v now_o whether_o by_o the_o exilement_n of_o the_o father_n the_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n which_o e._n might_n claim_v in_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n by_o be_v the_o son_n and_o heir_n
&_o the_o charge_n for_o the_o erect_n &_o maintain_v of_o the_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o the_o level_n so_o that_o it_o behove_v commissioner_n to_o be_v careful_a in_o these_o affair_n else_o thing_n in_o the_o conclusion_n may_v fall_v out_o contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n for_o it_o be_v well_o say_v that_o rerum_fw-la progressus_fw-la ostendunt_fw-la multa_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o initio_fw-la nec_fw-la praecaveri_fw-la aut_fw-la praevideri_fw-la possunt_fw-la in_o make_v new_a law_n and_o ordinanes_n these_o thing_n be_v also_o considerable_a first_o what_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n be_v which_o be_v to_o be_v enact_v second_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v know_v then_o to_o weigh_v it_o well_o whether_o if_o it_o be_v make_v if_o then_o it_o will_v prove_v necessary_a and_o behooveful_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o necessary_a point_n be_v to_o be_v scan_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advise_v of_o the_o most_o discreet_a and_o experience_a person_n and_o of_o the_o best_a try_a judgement_n in_o matter_n of_o this_o native_a and_o three_o to_o consider_v what_o charge_n the_o work_n will_v cost_v for_o the_o which_o this_o law_n must_v be_v make_v for_o in_o scripture_n he_o be_v not_o count_v sapient_a that_o before_o he_o build_v a_o house_n will_v not_o first_o count_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o and_o fourthly_a what_o person_n must_v bear_v this_o charge_n lest_o it_o prove_v too_o burdensome_a and_o this_o must_v be_v direct_v by_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v to_o be_v charge_v and_o by_o the_o the_o safety_n and_o commodity_n they_o be_v to_o have_v by_o the_o work_n i_o observe_v also_o that_o this_o statute_n use_v three_o word_n which_o be_v all_o powerful_a in_o signification_n and_o operation_n videlicet_fw-la law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o i_o think_v it_o fit_v for_o i_o so_o near_o as_o i_o can_v both_o to_o deliver_v the_o definition_n of_o they_o and_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o a_o law_n a_o law_n be_v proper_o a_o matter_n which_o have_v take_v his_o essence_n and_o power_n by_o a_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v do_v or_o else_o be_v a_o matter_n act_v and_o enact_v in_o parliament_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a counsel_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n thereof_o for_o the_o order_n of_o man_n body_n land_n and_o good_n and_o such_o a_o law_n be_v hereby_o intend_a because_o the_o law_n which_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v make_v have_v the_o power_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o strengthen_v and_o assist_v they_o and_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v life_n and_o perfection_n from_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o ordinance_n a_o ordinance_n be_v a_o word_n have_v a_o more_o private_a and_o less_o powerful_a signification_n than_o the_o word_n law_n have_v for_o it_o be_v a_o law_n but_o of_o a_o secundary_a power_n enact_v by_o a_o corporation_n company_n or_o commission_n proceed_v mere_o out_o of_o the_o power_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n by_o charter_n grant_v or_o commission_n warrant_v the_o same_o as_o those_o corporation_n society_n and_o company_n which_o have_v power_n by_o charter_n or_o patent_n to_o make_v the_o same_o as_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o london_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n report_v also_o ordinance_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o court_n as_o in_o a_o court_n baron_n to_o make_v order_n or_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n by_o custom_n for_o the_o order_n of_o their_o commons_o repair_v of_o their_o church_n and_o highway_n and_o these_o be_v more_o proper_o by-law_n than_o law_n for_o a_o law_n be_v either_o the_o common_a law_n customary_a law_n or_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o which_o be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o any_o law_n make_v by_o these_o secundary_a mean_n which_o of_o themselves_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o strength_n but_o as_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o other_o primary_n power_n decree_n a_o decree_n be_v neither_o a_o law_n nor_o ordinance_n in_o proper_a definition_n but_o be_v only_o a_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n deliver_v or_o declare_v by_o the_o judge_n there_o by_o and_o through_o the_o power_n &_o strength_n of_o a_o general_a former_a law_n for_o decretum_fw-la est_fw-la sententia_fw-la lata_fw-la super_fw-la legem_fw-la so_o that_o a_o law_n be_v a_o general_a direction_n for_o a_o multitude_n a_o ordinance_n be_v a_o subordinate_a direction_n proceed_v out_o of_o a_o more_o general_a power_n and_o a_o decree_n be_v a_o sentence_n deliver_v for_o or_o against_o a_o particular_a person_n ground_v upon_o the_o say_a law_n and_o ordinance_n continuance_n of_o law_n it_o come_v now_o fit_o for_o i_o in_o turn_n and_o course_n to_o declare_v the_o continuance_n of_o these_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v but_o temporary_a though_o other_o perpetual_a the_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n be_v that_o every_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n make_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o concern_v the_o thing_n and_o matter_n therein_o mention_v as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 8._o as_o of_o any_o of_o his_o progenitor_n not_o be_v contrary_a to_o this_o statute_n or_o heretofore_o repeal_v shall_v stand_v in_o force_n for_o ever_o and_o be_v command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o due_a execution_n but_o this_o clause_n be_v intend_v of_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v touch_v the_o sewer_n and_o be_v not_o intend_v or_o mean_v of_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n themselves_o law_n and_o decree_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o commissioner_n into_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o under_o the_o privy_a seal_n shall_v also_o stand_v good_a and_o effectual_a and_o all_o law_n and_o ordinance_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o indent_a and_o under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o commissioner_n whereof_o the_o one_o part_n shall_v remain_v with_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o sewer_n and_o the_o other_o part_n to_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v appoint_v notwithstanding_o the_o same_o be_v not_o certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n nor_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereto_o shall_v continue_v in_o force_n till_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v alter_v 9_o 13_o eliz._n cap._n 9_o repeal_v or_o make_v void_a by_o another_o commission_n of_o sewer_n although_o the_o former_a commission_n by_o the_o which_o these_o law_n be_v make_v be_v determine_v by_o supersedeas_fw-la the_o commission_n be_v to_o continue_v for_o ten_o year_n from_o the_o date_n thereof_o by_o force_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o eliz._n yet_o notwithstanding_o el._n 13_o el._n all_o law_n and_o ordinance_n which_o be_v write_v in_o parchment_n indent_a and_o seal_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n without_o certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n or_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o shall_v notwithstanding_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o commission_n by_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o say_v ten_o year_n continue_v in_o force_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n next_o ensue_a to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n for_o that_o time_n by_o six_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n whereof_o two_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la but_o then_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v cease_v by_o the_o corn_v of_o a_o new_a commission_n of_o sewer_n all_o other_o law_n and_o ordinnce_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o make_v and_o write_v in_o paper_n or_o which_o be_v but_o in_o parchment_n and_o not_o indent_v or_o which_o be_v indent_v also_o if_o not_o seal_v continue_v in_o force_n no_o long_o than_o that_o commission_n continue_v by_o the_o power_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v and_o so_o by_o this_o short_a declaration_n i_o have_v make_v the_o commissioner_n may_v the_o better_o observe_v how_o long_a time_n law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o continue_v in_o force_n yet_o though_o they_o lose_v their_o vigour_n they_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v revive_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o new_a commission_n or_o remain_v for_o precedent_n for_o after_o age_n to_o imitate_v repeal_n of_o law_n in_o this_o last_o place_n i_o intend_v to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n what_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n may_v be_v repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n therefore_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v consider_v what_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o repeal_n or_o