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justice_n act_n parliament_n peace_n 2,561 5 6.0915 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A49392 Reports in the Court of Exchequer, beginning in the third, and ending in the ninth year of the raign of the late King James by the Honourable Richard Lane ... ; being the first collections in that court hitherto extant ; containing severall cases of informations upon intrusion, touching the King's prerogative, revenue and government, with divers incident resolutions of publique concernment in points of law ; with two exact alphabeticall tables, the one of the names of the cases, the other of the principall matters contained in this book. Lane, Richard, Sir, 1584-1650.; England and Wales. Court of Exchequer. 1657 (1657) Wing L340; ESTC R6274 190,222 134

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they_o come_v to_o they_o then_o foreign_a state_n shall_v be_v enrich_v and_o the_o king_n impoverish_v and_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v equal_a profit_n with_o they_o and_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o his_o power_n herein_o be_v equal_a with_o other_o state_n and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o person_n of_o bates_n the_o subject_n it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o imposition_n may_v not_o be_v upon_o a_o subject_n without_o parliament_n that_o the_o king_n may_v impose_v upon_o a_o subject_n i_o omit_v for_o it_o be_v not_o here_o the_o question_n if_o the_o king_n may_v impose_v upon_o the_o subject_n or_o his_o good_n but_o the_o impost_n here_o be_v not_o upon_o a_o subject_n but_o here_o it_o be_v upon_o bates_n as_o upon_o a_o merchant_n who_o import_v good_n within_o this_o land_n charge_v before_o by_o the_o king_n and_o at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o impost_n be_v impose_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v the_o good_n of_o the_o venetian_n and_o not_o the_o good_n of_o a_o 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shall_v have_v they_o subject_n to_o that_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a contempt_n to_o deny_v the_o payment_n and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o person_n i_o will_v give_v a_o brief_a answer_n to_o all_o the_o statute_n allege_v on_o the_o contrary_a part_n with_o this_o exposition_n that_o the_o subject_n and_o merchant_n be_v to_o be_v free_v of_o maletolt_n and_o this_o be_v toll_n unjust_o exact_v by_o london_n southampton_n and_o other_o port_n within_o this_o realm_n but_o they_o be_v with_o this_o save_n that_o they_o pay_v the_o duty_n and_o custom_n due_a or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v a_o full_a answer_n to_o all_o the_o statute_n the_o commodity_n of_o currant_n be_v no_o commodity_n of_o this_o land_n but_o foreign_a and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v victual_v and_o necessary_a food_n it_o be_v no_o more_o necessary_a than_o wine_n and_o impost_n for_o that_o have_v be_v always_o pay_v without_o contradiction_n and_o without_o doubt_n there_o be_v many_o drinker_n of_o wine_n who_o be_v also_o eater_n of_o currant_n that_o which_o shall_v be_v say_v victual_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v that_o which_o arise_v from_o agriculture_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n within_o this_o land_n and_o not_o nice_a and_o delicate_a thing_n import_v by_o merchant_n such_o as_o these_o currant_n be_v and_o be_v rather_o delicacy_n or_o medicine_n then_o a_o victual_n and_o it_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o so_o many_o of_o our_o good_a and_o staple_n commodity_n shall_v be_v export_v to_o venice_n for_o such_o a_o slight_a delicacy_n and_o that_o all_o the_o impost_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o venetian_n for_o they_o and_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v none_o for_o their_o commodity_n and_o although_o that_o the_o price_n be_v thereby_o raise_v this_o
of_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o devisor_n be_v not_o determine_v until_o the_o issue_n shall_v have_v come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o 18._o year_n and_o so_o none_o of_o the_o other_o point_n come_v now_o in_o question_n and_o judgement_n be_v give_v as_o abovesaid_a nota_fw-la that_o in_o mich._n 6._o jac._n upon_o a_o motion_n make_v by_o mr._n nicholas_n row_n of_o the_o inner_a temple_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o inquisition_n be_v return_v in_o this_o court_n by_o force_n of_o a_o commission_n whereby_o it_o be_v find_v that_o one_o a._n be_v seize_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o d._n and_o so_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o say_v a._n be_v attaint_v of_o treason_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o of_o this_o shall_v be_v a_o double_a matter_n of_o record_n to_o entitle_v the_o king_n so_o that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o his_o petition_n it_o be_v the_o question_n and_o by_o the_o court_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o record_n of_o the_o attainder_n be_v not_o in_o this_o court_n here_o be_v not_o in_o judgement_n of_o law_n a_o double_a matter_n of_o record_n but_o if_o the_o attainder_n he_o remove_v into_o this_o court_n than_o that_o and_o the_o inquisition_n will_v make_v a_o double_a matter_n of_o record_n and_o the_o attorney_n general_a move_v that_o when_o a_o office_n find_v the_o attainder_n that_o the_o party_n ought_v to_o plead_v no_o such_o record_n worselin_n manning_n case_n a_o information_n of_o intrusion_n be_v bring_v against_o worselin_n manning_n and_o other_o and_o upon_o the_o open_n of_o the_o evidence_n at_o the_o bar_n it_o appear_v that_o worsely_n manning_n be_v a_o alien_n bear_v and_o that_o he_o be_v make_v a_o denizen_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o charter_n of_o denization_n have_v this_o proviso_n usual_a in_o such_o charter_n of_o denization_n that_o the_o denizen_n shall_v do_v legal_a homage_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v obedient_a and_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o after_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n a_o office_n find_v that_o the_o say_v worselin_n after_o the_o denization_n purchase_v the_o land_n in_o question_n and_o it_o be_v find_v also_o by_o the_o same_o office_n that_o the_o say_v worselin_n never_o do_v legal_a homage_n and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o obedient_a to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o there_o be_v a_o offer_n of_o demurrer_n upon_o the_o evidence_n if_o the_o prviso_n make_v the_o patent_n of_o denization_n conditional_a and_o so_o for_o the_o not_o performance_n thereof_o the_o charter_n of_o denization_n shall_v be_v void_a and_o harris_n think_v clear_o that_o this_o proviso_n for_o the_o performance_n and_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n do_v not_o make_v the_o patent_n conditional_a but_o the_o intent_n only_o be_v that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o observe_v they_o than_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o penalty_n therein_o appoint_v to_o which_o the_o court_n incline_v and_o after_o resolve_v according_o at_o another_o day_n it_o be_v move_v in_o mr._n row_v case_n that_o the_o possession_n shall_v be_v award_v to_o the_o king_n and_o in_o this_o case_n tanfield_n give_v a_o rule_n that_o mr._n row_v aught_o to_o plead_v to_o the_o inquisition_n but_o no_o possession_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o he_o for_o although_o that_o the_o attainder_n make_v a_o double_a record_n yet_o if_o the_o indictment_n of_o treason_n be_v take_v before_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n more_o than_o a_o year_n after_o the_o treason_n commit_v as_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v and_o the_o party_n be_v outlaw_v upon_o this_o indictment_n and_o the_o inquisition_n find_v this_o outlawry_n general_o yet_o this_o be_v no_o double_a matter_n of_o record_n for_o the_o outlawry_n be_v mere_o void_a upon_o the_o say_a indictment_n because_o the_o indictment_n itself_o be_v void_a and_o to_o prove_v that_o when_o a_o indictment_n be_v void_a that_o be_v void_a as_o to_o all_o purpose_n be_v vouch_v vaux_n case_n cook_n lib._n 4._o for_n 44._o and_o 11._o r._n 2._o and_o after_o in_o this_o case_n the_o baron_n award_v process_n to_o plead_v but_o not_o to_o dispossess_v the_o party_n vaux_z against_o austin_n and_o other_o a_o information_n by_o vaux_n against_o austin_n and_o other_o that_o they_o do_v engross_v a_o 1000_o quarter_n of_o corn_n upon_o not_o guilty_a the_o jury_n find_v one_o of_o the_o defendant_n guilty_a for_o 700._o and_o not_o guilty_a for_o the_o residue_n and_o find_v the_o other_o not_o guilty_a for_o all_o prideaux_n move_v that_o judgement_n may_v be_v give_v to_o acquit_v the_o defendant_n in_o this_o case_n and_o he_o vouch_v the_o 9th_o of_o e._n 3._o foe_n 1._o and_o 14._o e._n 4._o foe_n 2._o where_o a_o information_n be_v bring_v for_o forgery_n and_o proclaim_v false_a deed_n and_o he_o be_v find_v not_o guilty_a of_o the_o proclaim_n and_o 3._o eliz._n dyer_n 189._o in_o the_o lord_n bray_v case_n put_v by_o the_o way_n and_o therefore_o he_o say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o information_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o usury_n against_o two_o and_o the_o jury_n find_v the_o contract_n to_o be_v but_o with_o one_o of_o they_o both_o shall_v be_v acquit_v and_o also_o he_o vouch_a treport_n case_n in_o lib._n 6._o where_o a_o man_n declare_v of_o a_o lease_n make_v by_o two_o where_o in_o law_n it_o be_v only_o the_o lease_n of_o one_o and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o evil_a 8._o r._n 2._o tit_n brief_a and_o if_o judgement_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v be_v give_v against_o one_o be_v in_o a_o joint_a information_n he_o can_v not_o plead_v it_o in_o bar_n of_o another_o information_n for_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o then_o he_o shall_v be_v twice_o punish_v for_o one_o fault_n hitchcock_n to_o the_o contrary_a the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o they_o nor_o any_o of_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o issue_n be_v join_v thereupon_o and_o by_o he_o this_o case_n be_v not_o to_o be_v resemble_v to_o the_o case_n which_o have_v be_v put_v of_o joint_a contract_n for_o here_o the_o party_n commit_v several_a wrong_n and_o he_o say_v if_o in_o a_o decies_fw-la tantum_n against_o divers_a if_o one_o be_v acquit_v the_o other_o shall_v be_v condemn_v and_o so_o in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n 37._o h._n 6._o foe_n 37._o touch_v maintenance_n and_o if_o in_o trespass_n against_o two_o one_o be_v find_v guilty_a for_o one_o part_n and_o the_o other_o find_v guilty_a for_o the_o other_o part_n and_o 40._o e._n 3._o foe_n 35._o and_o 7._o h._n 6_o 32._o in_o trespass_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o john_n s._n enfeoff_v he_o and_o r._n s._n and_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v that_o he_o do_v not_o infeoff_v they_o and_o the_o jury_n find_v that_o be_v enfeoff_v the_o defendant_n only_o in_o this_o case_n judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v if_o either_o of_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o that_o and_o wain-wrights_a case_n for_o the_o information_n be_v for_o the_o joint_n buy_v of_o butter_n and_o cheese_n but_o here_o the_o information_n be_v for_o engross_a by_o way_n of_o buy_v and_o so_o he_o pray_v that_o judgement_n may_v be_v give_v for_o the_o king_n tanfield_n chief_a baron_n if_o upon_o the_o statute_n of_o champerty_n a_o man_n declare_v upon_o a_o joint_a demise_n by_o two_o and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o one_o only_o make_v the_o demise_n it_o be_v adjudge_v good_a and_o by_o he_o this_o prove_v the_o case_n in_o question_n and_o the_o baron_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v clear_a that_o if_o a_o contract_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v make_v with_o one_o of_o they_o no_o judgement_n for_o usury_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v but_o in_o the_o principal_a case_n all_o but_o tanfield_n agree_v that_o several_a judgement_n may_v be_v give_v for_o it_o be_v like_a unto_o a_o trespass_n and_o according_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o the_o principal_a case_n against_o he_o who_o be_v find_v guilty_a nota_fw-la by_o tanfield_n chief_a baron_n and_o all_o the_o court_n that_o where_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o eliz._n appoint_v that_o if_o any_o will_v inform_v against_o a._n recusant_n and_o the_o recusant_n be_v thereupon_o convict_v that_o the_o informer_n shall_v have_v one_o moiety_n and_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v another_o yet_o if_o a_o recusant_n be_v convict_v according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o eliz._n by_o indictment_n a_o informer_n can_v never_o have_v any_o advantage_n upon_o a_o information_n exhibit_v after_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 28._o eliz._n alter_v the_o course_n of_o law_n which_o be_v upon_o 23._o eliz._n and_o no_o informer_n can_v have_v any_o advantage_n upon_o a_o conviction_n of_o recusancy_n by_o indictment_n after_o the_o statute_n
by_o seizure_n of_o two_o part_n of_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n then_o when_o a_o statute_n give_v a_o new_a thing_n which_o be_v not_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o limit_n a_o course_n and_o mean_n whereby_o it_o shall_v be_v levy_v that_o course_n ought_v to_o be_v pursue_v and_o it_o can_v be_v do_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n the_o statute_n of_o 8._o h._n 6._o cap._n 12._o make_v the_o imbe_n of_o a_o record_n felony_n and_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v inquire_v by_o jury_n whereof_o one_o half_a shall_v be_v clark_n of_o some_o of_o the_o same_o court_n and_o that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o one_o bench_n or_o of_o the_o other_o shall_v hear_v and_o determine_v it_o and_o the_o case_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o offence_n be_v do_v in_o middlesex_n and_o part_n in_o london_n so_o that_o the_o offence_n can_v not_o have_v such_o proceed_n as_o the_o statute_n appoint_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v at_o all_o mich._n 41._o et_fw-la 42._o eliz._n betwixt_o aggard_n and_o standish_n the_o statute_n of_o 8._o ed._n 4._o cap._n 2._o inflict_v a_o penalty_n upon_o he_o that_o make_v a_o retainer_n by_o parol_n and_o moreover_o it_o be_v thereby_o ordain_v that_o before_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n justice_n of_o the_o peace_n dyer_n and_o terminer_n every_o man_n that_o will_v may_v complain_v against_o such_o person_n or_o person_n do_v against_o the_o form_n of_o this_o ordinance_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o give_v information_n for_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o informer_n can_v not_o sue_v for_o himself_o and_o the_o queen_n upon_o this_o statute_n for_o a_o offence_n do_v in_o any_o court_n not_o mention_v in_o that_o statute_n the_o statute_n of_o 35_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o appoint_v that_o for_o the_o better_a and_o spedy_a levy_n and_o recover_v for_o and_o by_o the_o queen_n majesty_n of_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o pain_n duty_n forfeiture_n and_o payment_n which_o at_o any_o time_n hereafter_o shall_v grow_v due_a or_o be_v payable_a by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n and_o of_o the_o act_n make_v in_o the_o 23_o d._n year_n of_o her_o majesty_n reign_n concern_v recusant_n that_o all_o and_o every_o the_o say_a pain_n duty_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v recover_v to_o her_o use_n by_o action_n of_o debt_n bill_n plaint_n or_o information_n or_o otherwise_o in_o any_o of_o her_o court_n of_o she_o benth_fw-mi common_a plea_n or_o exchequer_n in_o such_o sort_n in_o all_o respect_n as_o by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n any_o other_o debt_n due_a by_o any_o such_o person_n in_o any_o other_o case_n shall_v or_o may_v be_v recover_v wherein_o no_o essoin_fw-fr etc._n etc._n note_v that_o this_o statute_n extend_v not_o to_o any_o penalty_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o eliz._n cap._n 6._o also_o the_o common_a law_n do_v not_o give_v any_o mean_n to_o levy_v a_o debt_n upon_o a_o trust_n and_o as_o to_o the_o general_a point_n it_o seem_v that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v seize_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o recusant_n 23._o eliz._n cap._n 1._o enact_v that_o every_o person_n of_o the_o age_n of_o 16._o year_n which_o shall_v not_o repair_v to_o some_o church_n etc._n etc._n but_o forbear_v the_o same_o contrary_n to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n for_o uniformity_n of_o common_a prayer_n and_o be_v thereof_o lawful_o convict_v shall_v forfeit_v to_o the_o queen_n for_o every_o month_n which_o he_o or_o she_o shall_v so_o forbear_v 20._o l._n and_o that_o statute_n do_v give_v no_o forfeiture_n at_o all_o for_o land_n and_o also_o it_o give_v no_o penalty_n without_o conviction_n so_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n before_o conviction_n discharge_v all_o and_o so_o without_o question_n it_o be_v at_o that_o day_n this_o last_o point_n seem_v to_o be_v remedy_v in_o part_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o eliz._n cap._n 6._o for_o thereby_o if_o the_o party_n be_v once_o convict_v he_o shall_v always_o pay_v after_o without_o other_o conviction_n and_o this_o statute_n give_v also_o a_o seizure_n but_o before_o any_o seizure_n three_o thing_n ought_v to_o concur_v 1._o recusancy_n 2._o conviction_n 3._o default_n of_o payment_n and_o the_o last_o of_o these_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o seizure_n viz._n that_o be_v the_o contempt_n of_o not_o payment_n therefore_o it_o be_v adjudge_v in_o sir_n william_n green_n case_n that_o this_o seizure_n shall_v not_o go_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o debt_n but_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o as_o a_o penalty_n for_o the_o contempt_n until_o the_o debt_n be_v pay_v so_o that_o when_o a_o statute_n impose_v a_o penalty_n for_o a_o contempt_n as_o the_o contempt_n be_v personal_a so_o be_v the_o penalty_n and_o therefore_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n before_o that_o it_o be_v excute_v or_o turn_v in_o rem_fw-la judicatam_fw-la discharge_v all_o and_o i_o shall_v prove_v it_o by_o the_o different_a plea_n in_o a_o action_n upon_o a_o penal_a statute_n and_o other_o common_a action_n and_o therefore_o in_o debt_n not_o guilty_a be_v no_o plea_n but_o in_o debt_n upon_o a_o penal_a law_n it_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n for_o in_o truth_n until_o it_o be_v adjudge_v it_o be_v no_o debt_n but_o a_o contempt_n michaelmas_n 41_o 42._o eliz._n betwixt_o car_n and_o jones_n and_o in_o debt_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 2._o ed._n 6._o not_o guilty_a be_v adjudge_v a_o good_a plea_n trin._n 42._o eli_n between_o morley_n &_o edwards_n 2._o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o different_a form_n of_o judgement_n for_o in_o common_a action_n the_o judgement_n be_v quod_fw-la quaerens_fw-la recuperet_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o in_o information_n the_o usual_a form_n be_v quod_fw-la defendens_fw-la foris_fw-la faciet_fw-la 41._o ass_n which_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v not_o perfect_a until_o the_o judgement_n and_o before_o it_o be_v only_o a_o contempt_n and_o if_o so_o then_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n it_o be_v discharge_v three_o i_o shall_v prove_v it_o by_o authority_n that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n before_o judgement_n discharge_v aswell_o the_o contempt_n as_o the_o penalty_n of_o a_o penal_a law_n 40._o ed_n 3._o executor_n 74._o debt_n lie_v not_o against_o the_o executor_n of_o a_o jailor_n who_o suffer_v prisoner_n to_o escape_v 15._o eliz._n dyer_n 322._o in_o the_o like_a case_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n be_v that_o a_o action_n do_v not_o lie_v against_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet._n but_o there_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v a_o judgement_n against_o he_o in_o his_o life_n time_n for_o the_o offence_n be_v but_o a_o trespass_n by_o negligence_n which_o die_v with_o the_o person_n 18._o eliz._n dyer_n a_o action_n bring_v against_o the_o heir_n and_o rule_v that_o it_o do_v not_o lie_v for_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o no_o law_n or_o statute_n charge_v the_o heir_n for_o the_o wrong_n or_o trespass_n of_o his_o father_n also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o principal_a case_n that_o the_o statute_n limit_n the_o seizure_n to_o be_v by_o process_n out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n so_o no_o seizure_n can_v be_v without_o process_n as_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o some_o other_o statute_n but_o a_o judicial_a course_n be_v hereby_o prescribe_v whereupon_o the_o party_n may_v plead_v with_o the_o king_n for_o his_o land_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o course_n be_v not_o pursue_v in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o party_n it_o be_v too_o late_o to_o pursue_v it_o after_o his_o death_n also_o the_o word_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v seize_v all_o the_o good_n and_o two_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o such_o offender_n but_o after_o his_o death_n the_o good_n be_v not_o he_o but_o his_o executor_n and_o the_o land_n be_v not_o he_o but_o his_o heir_n and_o a_o seizure_n by_o way_n of_o penalty_n relate_v no_o high_a than_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o seizure_n also_o the_o word_n of_o the_o subsequent_a proviso_n explame_v it_o further_o for_o it_o it_o be_v demand_v when_o the_o king_n shall_v seize_v two_o part_n it_o be_v answer_v at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o he_o leave_v the_o three_o part_n and_o when_o must_v be_v leave_v the_o three_o part_n it_o be_v auswer_v in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o recusant_n that_o it_o may_v be_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o wife_n child_n and_o family_n and_o after_o his_o death_n he_o have_v neither_o wife_n child_n nor_o family_n for_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o dower_n the_o demandant_n shall_v say_v that_o she_o be_v wife_n and_o not_o that_o she_o be_v wife_n as_o to_o the_o